Before Reading_ 1.1 Kalervo Oberg Culture Shock Culture Group Discussion Kalervo Oberg: (1901-1973) a world-renowned anthropologist. Born: 1901 Birthplace:

Before Reading_ 1.1 Kalervo Oberg Culture Shock Culture Group Discussion Kalervo Oberg: (1901-1973) a world-renowned anthropologist. Born: 1901 Birthplace: British Columbia, Canada Died: July 11, 1973, in Corvallis, Oregon Best Known As: a pioneer in economic and applied anthropology Script

Kalervo Oberg was born in 1901 in the Canadian province of British Columbia, to Finnish parents. He received a bachelors degree in economics from the University of British Columbia in 1928, a masters degree in economics from the University of Pittsburgh, and his Ph.D from the University of Chicago. Oberg had numerous teaching positions in his career, but never a permanent position. He also worked in various government postings overseas, including the Institute of Inter-American Affairs, forerunner of the US Agency for International Development. After his employment with the government, Oberg returned to teaching at Cornell University, the University of Southern California, and also Oregon State University. He was an excellent teacher and was always aware of current events around the world and ready to discuss them. Although he did not publish as much as many anthropologists due to the nature of his work, his contributions were great. He was most famous for developing the idea of culture shock. Before Reading_ 1.2 Kalervo Oberg Culture Shock Culture Group Discussion

Before Reading_ 1.3 Kalervo Oberg Culture Shock Culture Group Discussion

Before Reading2.1 Directions: Culture is responsible for how we live. There are different ways to divide culture, one of which is to think about culture in two basic categories: individualism and collectivism. Watch the video and try to get the differences between individualistic cultures and collectivistic cultures. Kalervo Oberg Culture Shock Culture Group Discussion

Before Reading2.2 Individualistic culture: Kalervo Oberg Culture Shock Culture Group Discussion People are concerned more with the needs, goals and interests of the individual. People tend to emphasize self-actualization and individual initiative and achievement. People focus on an I identity. People are supposed to look after themselves and immediate families only. People tend to emphasize individual rights like freedom, independence, individuality and equality. People tend to have a SELF-other orientation toward relationships, meaning that the SELF is the most important. Examples of individualistic cultures are US and Australia. a. b. c. d. e. f. g.

Before Reading2.3 Kalervo Oberg Culture Shock Culture Group Discussion Collectivistic culture: People are more concerned with the groups needs, goals and interests than those of the individual. People stress fitting in with or belonging to the group. People focus on a WE identity. People are supposed to look after others in the group or collective in exchange for loyalty. People tend to emphasize belonging to groups. Family relations, loyalty and harmony are highly valued. People tend to have a self-OTHER orientation toward relationships meaning that the other is more important than the self. Examples of collectivistic cultures are China, Columbia, Costa Rica and Indonesia. a. b. c. d. e. f. g.

Before Reading_3 Directions: The term culture shock was introduced for the first time in 1954 by Kalvero Oberg. Now lets learn something in detail about it. Kalervo Oberg Culture Shock Culture Group Discussion 1. Definition 2. Six aspects of culture shock 3. A typical six-month cycle of culture shock 4. Causes of culture shock 5. Signs of culture shock 6. Dealing with intercultural stress and shock

Before Reading_3.1 Kalervo Oberg Culture Shock Culture Group Discussion Definition Culture shock is a term used to describe the anxiety and feelings (of surprise, disorientation, confusion, etc.) felt when people have to operate within an entirely different culture or social environment, such as a different country. Script

Before Reading_3.2 Kalervo Oberg Culture Shock Culture Group Discussion Six aspects of culture shock Strain due to the effort required to make necessary psychological adaptations. A sense of loss and feelings of deprivation regarding friends, family, status, career and possessions. Being rejected by and/or rejecting members of the new culture. Confusion in role, role expectation, values, feelings and self identity. Surprise, anxiety and even disgust and indignation after becoming aware of cultural differences. Feelings of impotence due to not being able to cope with a new environment. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Script

Before Reading_3.3 Kalervo Oberg Culture Shock Culture Group Discussion A typical six-month cycle of culture shock Pre-Departure Sixth Month First Month Fourth and Fifth Months Third Month Second Month

Before Reading_3.3_1 Kalervo Oberg Culture Shock Culture Group Discussion Pre-Departure: Defined by excitement, anticipation and enthusiasm. Emotions are running high and although excited, everyone is also a bit apprehensive and concerned.

Before Reading_3.3_2 Kalervo Oberg Culture Shock Culture Group Discussion First Month: Still filled with the excitement of travel and newness of food, culture and environment. Learning the language becomes a priority.

Before Reading_3.3_3 Kalervo Oberg Culture Shock Culture Group Discussion Second Month: Distinguished by the awareness of differences being felt as unpleasant. Inconveniences in accommodation, not speaking the language well enough and the lack of familiarity of foods, shops, friends and surroundings are noticed.

Before Reading_3.3_4 Kalervo Oberg Culture Shock Culture Group Discussion Third Month: Often the low point in the adjustment period. Language skills seem to stagnate and personal productivity drops. Nothing about the new culture seems positive. Family and friends are greatly missed.

Before Reading_3.3_5 Kalervo Oberg Culture Shock Culture Group Discussion Fourth and Fifth Months: The beginning of the return of enthusiasm and enjoyment. New foods, new ways of doing things and the language are tried with a positive effect. Emotions are smoother, confidence is regained and built up, and health is restored.

Before Reading_3.3_6 Kalervo Oberg Culture Shock Culture Group Discussion Sixth Month: Brings normal lifestyle, with established routines and social life in place. The ups and downs of living abroad are accepted. Normality, indeed, has finally smiled on you once again.

Before Reading_3.4 Kalervo Oberg Culture Shock Culture Group Discussion Causes of culture shock Being cut off from cultural signals and known patterns of communication, especially the subtle, indirect ways of expressing feelings. Living or working over an extended period of time in a situation that is ambiguous. Having personal values (which were previously considered absolutes) brought into question. Being continually put into positions in which you are expected to function with maximum skill and speed, but where the rules have not been adequately explained. 1. 2. 3. 4. Script

Before Reading_3.5 Kalervo Oberg Culture Shock Culture Group Discussion Signs of culture shock homesickness, withdrawal, stereotyping of host nationals, need for excessive amounts of sleep, marital stress, loss of ability to work effectively, compulsive eating or drinking, unexplainable fits of weeping, irritability, physical ailments, boredom, exaggerated cleanliness, family tension and conflict Script

Before Reading_3.6 Kalervo Oberg Culture Shock Culture Group Discussion Dealing with intercultural stress and shock Gather information. The more that is known about a place or its people, the less foreign or threatening they seem. Consider traveling locally, taking a cooking class, or joining a club. Do not criticize the host culture. Resist the temptation of talking negatively about the local people. Find a friend. Find someone who can serve as a cultural informant to introduce parts of local life and practices that are not normally accessible to foreigners. This will help make sense of the cultural differences one naturally encounters. Look at the big picture. Find patterns and interrelationships that explain what is going on so that it no longer seems confusing. 1. 2. 3. 4. Script

Before Reading_4.1 Language is a tool for us to communicate with each other. Lack of efficient linguistic as well as cultural knowledge may cause misunderstanding between people from different cultures. Watch the video See You Later. Kalervo Oberg Culture Shock Culture Group Discussion 1. Discuss with your group members. Your discussion should include the following questions: a. Do you have the similar experiences? b. Have you heard of some stories of the same type? c. What can we do to avoid such an awkward situation? 2.

Before Reading_4.1_1 Kalervo Oberg Culture Shock Culture Group Discussion

Global Reading_ 1 Part Division of the Text Further Understanding True or False Questions and Answers Interview PartsPara(s). Main Ideas 1 2 3 1~3 4~6 7~9 We might call culture shock a disease which is caused by the frustration and anxiety resulting from losing all our familiar signs and symbols of social intercourse. Culture shock is due to our own lack of understanding of other peoples cultural background and our lack of the means of communication rather than the hostility of an alien environment. To get over culture shock, we should get to know the people of the host country and their language; we should find out what they do, how they do it, and what their interests are, etc. But understanding the ways of a people does not mean that we have to give up our own.

Global Reading_ 2_1_1 Part Division of the Text Further Understanding True or False Questions and Answers Interview Culture shock is just like a disease which can be cured. Culture shock often leads to the loss of our familiar signs and symbols of social intercourse. Usually people resort to a particular way for dealing with their daily life. People who experience culture shock tend to view the host country irrationally. 1. 2. 3. 4. Culture shock results from the loss of our familiar signs and symbols of social intercourse. We orient ourselves to the situations of daily life in countless ways. F( ) T F T

5. 6. Global Reading_ 2_1_2 Part Division of the Text Further Understanding True or False Questions and Answers Interview After the period of culture shock, people tend to take a trip home. Culture shock enables people to forget everything back home, good or bad. Regression is another phase of culture shock. It usually takes a trip home to bring one back to reality. Culture shock makes people forget all the difficulties and problems and remember only the good thing back home. F( ) F

Global Reading_ 2_2_1 Part Division of the Text Further Understanding True or False Questions and Answers Interview 1. What is the cultural environment made up of according to the passage? A cultural environment consists of man-made physical objects, social institution, and ideas and beliefs. 2. Is culture acquired? Yes, it is. An individual is not born with culture but only with the capacity to learn it and use it. 3. What does culture enable young people to do? Culture enables the young to learn to adapt themselves to the physical environment and to the people with whom they associate.

Global Reading_ 2_2_2 Part Division of the Text Further Understanding True or False Questions and Answers Interview 4.What is ethnocentrism? It is a belief people hold that not only their culture but their race and nation form the center of the world. 5. What is the proper way for us to treat ethnocentrism according to the author? We should recognize that ethnocentrism is a permanent characteristic of national groups. 6. What should people know first in order to overcome culture shock? People should realize that their trouble is caused by lack of understanding of different cultural background and the lack of means to communicate, and that both understanding and means can be gained by themselves.

Global Reading_ 2_3 learn the language; get to know the value and interest pattern; be a participant observer. 1. 2. 3. Part Division of the Text Further Understanding True or False Questions and Answers Interview Directions: Work in pairs to perform an interview. One student plays as the writer, Kalervo Oberg, and the other, a TV reporter. The topic you are talking about is how we can get over culture shock. Your conversation should be based on part 3 and the interview should cover the following three aspects:

Global Reading_ 2_4 Part Division Further Understanding Questions and Answers Blank Filling True or False Questions and Answers 1.Do the students in distance learning programs use textbook? Yes, they do. But textbooks are just learning aids and they arent the only source of knowledge. 2. Where can cyber students acquire knowledge apart from textbooks? From the collaborative efforts of online debates, conferences and papers.

People tend to experience frustration and anxiety when they enter a new culture. This phenomenon is often referred to as culture shock. How and why does it happen? What is the nature of culture shock? And how can we cope with it? Kalervo Oberg provides us with some answers. Detailed Reading

Culture Shock Kalervo Oberg Detailed Reading_t1-2 Detailed Reading We might almost call culture shock an occupational disease of people who have been suddenly transplanted abroad. Like most ailments it has its own cause, symptoms, and cure. Culture shock is precipitated by the anxiety that results from losing all our familiar signs and symbols of social intercourse. These signs or cues include the thousand and one ways in which we orient ourselves to the situations of daily life: when to shake hands and what to say when we meet people, when and how to give tips, how to give orders to servants, how to make purchases, when to accept and when to refuse invitations, when to take statements seriously and when not. These cues which may be words, gestures,

facial expressions, customs, or norms are acquired by all of us in the course of growing up and are as much a part of our culture as the language we speak or the beliefs we accept. All of us depend for our peace of mind and our efficiency on hundreds of these cues. Detailed Reading_t2-3 Detailed Reading Now when an individual enters a strange culture, all or most of these familiar cues are removed. He or she is like a fish out of water. No matter how broad-minded you may be, a series of props have been knocked from under you, followed by a feeling of frustration and anxiety. People react to the frustration in much the same way. First they reject the environment which causes the discomfort: The ways of the host country are bad because they make us feel bad.

Detailed Reading_t3-4 Detailed Reading When Americans or other foreigners in a strange land get together to complain about the host country and its people you can be sure they are suffering from culture shock. Another phase of culture shock is regression. The home environment suddenly assumes a tremendous importance. To an American everything American becomes irrationally glorified. All the difficulties and problems are forgotten and only the good things back home are remembered. It usually takes a trip home to bring one back to reality. In an effort to get over culture shock, there is some value in knowing something about the nature of culture and its relationship to the individual. In addition to living in a physical environment, an individual lives in a cultural environment consisting of man-made physical objects, social institutions, and ideas and beliefs. An individual is not born with culture but only with the capacity to learn it and use it. There is nothing in a newborn child which dictates that it should eventually speak

Detailed Reading_t4 Detailed Reading Portuguese, English, or French; nor that he should eat with a fork in his left hand rather than in the right or use chopsticks. All these things the child has to learn. Nor are the parents responsible for the culture which they transmit to their young. The culture of any people is the product of his try and is built up over time largely through processes which are beyond his awareness. It is by means of culture that the young learn to adapt themselves to the physical environment and to the people with whom they associate. And as we know, children and adolescents often experience difficulties in this process of learning and adjustment. But once learned, culture becomes a way of life.

Detailed Reading_t5 Detailed Reading People have a way of accepting their culture as both the best and the only way of doing things. This is perfectly normal and understandable. To this attitude we give the name ethnocentrism, a belief that not only the culture but the race and the nation form the center of the world. Individuals identify themselves with their own group to the extent that any critical comment is taken as a remark which is rude to the individual as well as to the group. If you criticize my country, you are criticizing me; if you criticize me, you are criticizing my country. Along with this attitude goes the tendency to attribute all individual peculiarities as national characteristics. For instance,

Detailed Reading_t5-6 Detailed Reading if an American does something odd or anti-social in a foreign country which back home would be considered a purely individual act, this is now considered a national trait. He acts that way not because he is Joe Doaks but because he is an American. Instead of being censured as an individual, his country is censured. It is thus best to recognize that ethnocentrism is a permanent characteristic of national groups. Even if a national criticizes some aspect of his own culture, the foreigner should listen but not enter into the criticism. Once you realize that your trouble is due to your own lack of understanding of other peoples cultural background and your own lack of the means of communication rather than the hostility of an alien environment, you also realize that you yourself can gain this understanding and these means of communication. And the sooner you do this, the sooner culture shock will disappear.

Detailed Reading_t7 Detailed Reading The question now arises, what can you do to get over culture shock as quickly as possible? The answer is getting to know the people of the host country. But this you cannot do with any success without knowing the language, for language is the principal symbol system of communication. Now we all know that learning a new language is difficult, particularly to adults. This task alone is quite enough to cause frustration and anxiety, no matter how skillful language teachers are in making it easy for you. But once you begin to be able to carry on a friendly conversation with your maid, your neighbour, or to go on shopping trips alone, you not only gain confidence and a feeling of power but a whole new world of cultural meanings opens up for you.

Detailed Reading_t8-9 Detailed Reading You begin to find out what people do, how they do it, and what their interests are. People usually express these interests by what they habitually talk about and how they allocate their time and money. Once you know this value or interest pattern it will be quite easy to get people to talk to and be interested in you. At times it is helpful to be a participant observer by joining the activities of the people, to try to share in their responses, whether this be a carnival, a religious ritual, or some economic activity. Yet the visitor should never forget that he or she is an outsider and will be treated as such.

Detailed Reading_t9 Detailed Reading He or she should view this participation as a role-playing. Understanding the ways of a people is essential but this does not mean that you have to give up your own. What happens is that you have developed two patterns of behavior.

1. What does it refer to in this sentence? Like most ailments it has its own cause, symptoms, and cure. Detailed Reading_t1-2_ Like most Detailed Reading It refers to culture shock. 2. In the previous sentence, the author uses the word disease, but here the word ailments is used. What is the difference between these two words? Disease is a general term referring to an illness which affects a person, animal, or plant. Ailment refers to an illness that is not very serious. Obviously, culture shock is not a serious physical disease that is affecting ones body. It is just a kind of emotional discomfort usually found in somebody who has been suddenly transplanted abroad. 3. Translate the sentence into Chinese.

1. Say something more about the usage of when/what/how/ infinitive structure. when to shake hands and what to say when we meet people, when and how to give tips, how to give orders to servants, how to make purchases, when to accept and when to refuse invitations, when to take statements seriously and when not. Detailed Reading_t1-2_when to shake 1 Detailed Reading There are three points to remember when you use this kind of structure: 1) This structure is used only after such English verbs as ask, decide, discover, find out, forget, know, learn, remember, see (=understand/perceive), and wonder, etc.; 2) Besides when/what/how, words like where/which/whether can also be used in this structure; 3) The structure whether + infinitive is usually used after want to know or wonder. More examples: *I found out where to buy fruit cheaply. *I didnt know when to switch the machine off. *I wondered whether to write or phone.

Detailed Reading_t1-2_when to shake 2 Detailed Reading 2. Paraphrase when to take statements seriously and when not. when we should believe that these statements are worth our attention and when we neednt pay attention to them

1. According to this statement, what makes up our culture? These cues which may be words, gestures, facial expressions, customs, or norms are acquired by all of us in the course of growing up and are as much a part of our culture as the language we speak or the beliefs we accept. Detailed Reading_t1-2_ These cues Detailed Reading The cues we acquire in daily life, the language we speak, and the beliefs we accept. 2. Translate the sentence into Chinese.

What is the implied meaning of this sentence? All of us depend for our peace of mind and our efficiency on hundreds of these cues. Detailed Reading_t2-3_All of us depend Detailed Reading Without these familiar cues such as words, gestures, facial expressions, customs, or norms, we would probably get lost and suffer from frustration and anxiety, and wouldnt be able to work efficiently.

To an American everything American becomes irrationally glorified. Detailed Reading_t3-4_To an American Do the two words American in this sentence mean the same? No, they dont mean the same. The first American is a noun, meaning someone from the USA, while the second is used as an adjective, meaning relating to the USA. Detailed Reading

The culture of any people is the product of history and is built up over time largely through processes which are beyond his awareness. Detailed Reading_t4_The culture of 1. What can you infer from this sentence? Culture develops and builds up through a long but hardly noticeable process. Detailed Reading 2. Translate the sentence into Chinese.

1) The first part of this sentence uses the technique of fronting ( ). The regular sentence order would be We give the name ethnocentrism to this attitude; 2) In the second part, there is an appositve clause used to modify belief, telling us the specific content of this belief. To this attitude we give the name ethnocentrism, a belief that not only the culture but the race and the nation form the center of the world. Detailed Reading_t5_To this attitude 1. To what kind of attitude do we give the name ethnocentrism? We give the name ethnocentrism to the attitude that people regard their culture as both the best and the only way of doing things. Detailed Reading 2. How is ethnocentrism defined in this sentence? It is a belief that not only the culture but the race and the nation form the center of the world. 3. Analyze the structure of this sentence.

For instance, if an American does something odd or anti-social in a foreign country which back home would be considered a purely individual act, this is now considered a national trait. Detailed Reading_t5_For instance 1. What can we infer from the sentence? People tend to attribute all individual peculiarities as national characteristics. Detailed Reading 2. Translate this sentence into Chinese.

Instead of being censured as an individual, his country is censured. Detailed Reading_t5-6_Instead of being Paraphrase the sentence. His country rather than the individual himself would be officially criticized. Detailed Reading

This task alone is quite enough to cause frustration and anxiety, no matter how skillful language teachers are in making it easy for you. Detailed Reading_t7_This task alone 1. What does it refer to? It refers to the act of learning a new language. Detailed Reading 2. Translate this sentence into Chinese.

At times it is helpful to be a participant observer by joining the activities of the people, to try to share in their responses, whether this be a carnival, a religious ritual, or some economic activity. Detailed Reading_t8-9_At times it is 1 1. Analyze the structure of the second sentence whether this be a carnival, a religious ritual, or some economic activity. This sentence adopts the subjunctive mood. Here the third person singular pronoun this is followed by be instead of is. This is one type of present subjective ( ) which is often used in clauses of condition or concession. The present subjective can also be found in certain exclamations to express a wish or hope, very often involving supernatural powers. More examples: *God bless you! *Long live the queen! Detailed Reading

Detailed Reading_t8-9_At times it is 2 Detailed Reading 2. Translate this sentence into Chinese.

transplant: 1. vt. to move from one place and settle elsewhere Detailed Reading_ transplant We start the flowers indoors and then transplant them to the garden. Detailed Reading His kidney was transplanted in his daughter. Collocation: heart transplant surgery a bone marrow transplant 2. n. the operation of transplanting an organ, piece of skin etc Kellys only hope of survival was a heart and lung transplant.

ailment: n. an illness that is not very serious Detailed Reading_ ailment 1 It was still unclear what caused the victims ailments. Detailed Reading The medicine was supposed to cure all kinds of ailments, ranging from colds to back pains.

Detailed Reading_ ailment2 Detailed Reading CF: ailment, illness, disease & complaint ailment illness disease complaint His ailment was only a slight headache. Her mother was just recovering from an illness. She suffers from a rare disease of the brain. He is having treatment for a chest complaint.

cure: 1. n. treatment or substance that cures; remedy Detailed Reading_ cure There is still no cure for AIDS. Detailed Reading Prevention is far better than any cure. 2. vt. to make an illness or medical condition go away Many types of cancer can now be cured. Ninety percent of patients can be cured of the disease. Pattern: cure sb. of sth. She had some acupuncture treatment which seems to have cured her.

precipitate: 1. vt. to make (an unwanted event) happen sooner Detailed Reading_ precipitate1 An attack on the country could precipitate a world war. Detailed Reading The 1929 stock market crash precipitated the collapse of the American banking system. 2. vi. to separate a solid substance from a liquid by chemical action, or to be separated in this way This material causes most of the alumina in the solution to precipitate quickly. 3. n. a solid substance that has been chemically separated from a liquid The teacher asked him to warm the mixture after the precipitate dissolved.

4. adj. happening or done too quickly, and not thought about carefully Detailed Reading_ precipitate2 A precipitate decision leads to his failure. Detailed Reading A cool breeze caused a precipitate drop in the temperature. NB: hasten hasty

orient: v. to arrange or direct with a particular purpose Detailed Reading_ orient 1 She looked at the street names, trying to orient herself. Detailed Reading The climber stopped to orient himself. The meeting decided that the magazine had to orient to the busisness community.

Detailed Reading_ orient 2 Detailed Reading Collocations: orient oneself to sth. be oriented to/towards/around sth/sb , It takes new students a while to orientate themselves to college life. The course is oriented towards the needs of businessmen. A lot of the training is orientated around communications skills. NB: the Orient The traveler made a fame for himself by a book about the Orient.

purchase: 1. n. sth. you buy, or the act of buying it Detailed Reading_ purchase1 Other customers arrived, made their purchases and left. Detailed Reading That hat was a good purchase.

2. vt. to buy sth. Detailed Reading_ purchase2 You can purchase insurance online. Detailed Reading Foreign investors are not permitted to purchase land. Collocations: date of purchase proof of purchase hire purchase make purchases

a fish out of water: sb. who is uncomfortable; sb. who is at a disadvantage Detailed Reading_ a fish out of water I felt like a fish out of water in my new school. Detailed Reading Pattern: be/feel like a fish out of water

tremendous: adj. very great in size, amount, or degree Detailed Reading_ tremendous 1 She was making a tremendous effort to appear calm. Detailed Reading This plan could save us a tremendous amount of money. CF: tremendous, huge, vast & giant tremendous huge vast giant

Be careful. The forest is full of snakes and spiders. Kings new novel will undoubtedly be a success. She praised her husband for the support he had given her. areas of the Amazon rainforest have been destroyed. Detailed Reading_ tremendous 2 Detailed Reading Directions: Fill in the blanks with the words in the previous page. Change the form where necessary. 1. 2. 3. 4. giant _____ huge _____ Vast ____ tremendous __________

glorify: vt. to cause to appear more important or better than they really are Detailed Reading_glorify Movies that glorify violence may be responsible for some of the rise in crime. Detailed Reading The emperors achievements were glorified in numerous poems.

get over 1) to find a way to deal with Detailed Reading_get over Once weve got over the first few months, we should be making a reasonable profit. Detailed Reading I dont know how were going to get over this problem. 2) to become well again after an illness or a very upsetting experience Its taken me ages to get over the flu. She never got over the death of her son.

dictate: v. 1)to tell someone exactly what they must do or how they must behave Detailed Reading_dictate1 Islamic custom dictates that women should be fully covered. Detailed Reading The media cannot be allowed to dictate to the government. She refused to be dictated to by some stupid officials in Washington. Can they dictate how the money will be spent?

Detailed Reading_ dictate 2 Detailed Reading Patterns: dictate that dictate to dictate who / what / how etc. 2) to say words for someone else to write down Hes dictating a letter to his secretary right now.

transmit: v. to send or pass from one person, place, or thing to another Detailed Reading_ transmit1 Detailed Reading Radars that transmit at lower frequencies are more effective than high-frequency radars in penetrating clouds, fog, and rain. The meeting will be transmitted live via satellite.

Detailed Reading_ transmit 2 Detailed Reading CF: transmit, send & deliver transmit send deliver The system transmits information over digital phone lines. Cultural values are transmitted from parent to child. We sent Mom flowers for Mothers Day. The morning mail has just been delivered.

build up: 1) to increase, develop, or become gradually larger Detailed Reading_ build up The firm has built up a wide reputation for fair dealing. Detailed Reading Hes built up the family firm into a multinational company. When sick you must rest to build up your health. 2) to make someone well and strong again; strengthen Taking exercise will build up your strength.

by means of: by using a particular method or system Detailed Reading_ by means of I found my lost dog by means of a notice in the paper. Detailed Reading NB: means by all means , by any means by no means

associate with sb.: to spend time with sb. Detailed Reading_ associate with sb. I dont like those people youre associating with. Detailed Reading John may have been associating with the criminals.

identify oneself/sb. with sb./sth.: to support or feel closely connected with sb./sth. Detailed Reading_ identify oneself 1 She has always been identified with the radical left. Detailed Reading I tried to identify my mind with the old fellows, and take his view of the world. CF: identify, recognize & make out identify recognize make out

I didnt you in your uniform. His accent him as a Frenchman. He could just a dark shape moving towards him. Scientists have the gene that causes abnormal growth. Detailed Reading_ identify oneself 2 Detailed Reading Directions: Fill in the blanks with the words in the previous page. Change the form where necessary. 1. 2. 3. 4. recognize ________ identified ________ identified ________ make out ________

to the extent that: so much that Detailed Reading_ to the extent that Violence increased to the extent that residents were afraid to leave their homes. Detailed Reading NB: to such an extent that extent to a certain extent to some extent to a great/large extent

tendency: n. a characteristic likelihood of doing sth. Detailed Reading_ tendency There is an increasing tendency for women to have children later in life. Detailed Reading Boys have a stronger tendency to fight than girls. Collocations: aggressive tendency suicidal tendency criminal tendency artistic tendency have a tendency to/towards sth.

attribute: 1. vt. to regard sth. as belonging to, caused by or produced by sb./sth. Detailed Reading_ attribute We attribute courage to the lion and cunning to the fox. Detailed Reading Alices success should be attributed to her intelligence and hard work. 2. n. a quality considered as belonging to a person or thing; characteristic. Patience is an attribute of a good teacher. What attributes should a good manager possess?

peculiarity: n. sth. that is a feature of only one particular place, person, situation etc. Detailed Reading_ peculiarity1 We noticed the peculiarity of his manner at once. Detailed Reading She was well aware of the peculiarity of her own situation. CF: peculiarity, trait & attribute peculiarity trait attribute

Detailed Reading_ peculiarity2 Detailed Reading Courage, love, patience and common sense are desirable. One of his is that his two eyes are not the same color. He possesses the essential of a journalist. Directions: Fill in the blanks with the words in the previous page. Change the form where necessary. 1. 2. 3. peculiarities __________ attributes ________ traits _____

hostility: n. unfriendliness; opposition. Detailed Reading_ hostility1 The guard dog showed signs of hostility toward the newcomers. Detailed Reading Recently there has been hostility towards the Prime Minister from members of his own party. Collocations: open hostility popular hostility hostility to/towards sb./sth. They eyed each other with open hostility. Pictures of refugees aroused popular hostility towards the war. There was fierce hostility to the new policy.

Detailed Reading_ open up1 Detailed Reading open up: 1) to (cause to) spread or unfold With a microscope, a whole new world of investigation opens up. The new international agreement opens up the possibility of much greater co-operation against terrorism. 2) to open sth. that is closed, locked, or covered Open up, this is the police! 3) to stop being shy and say what you really think Last night was the first time that Ken had opened up about his feelings.

Detailed Reading_ allocate1 Detailed Reading allocate: vt. to divide and give as a share You should allocate the same amount of time to each question. One million dollars was allocated for disaster relief. CF: assign, distribute, divide & allocate assign distribute divide allocate

Detailed Reading_ allocate2 Detailed Reading Directions: Fill in the blanks with the words in the previous page. Change the form where necessary. The Wall used to East and West Berlin. The Ford Foundation millions of dollars for cancer research. Clothes and blankets have been among the refugees. Ive been the task of looking after the new students. 1. 2. 3. 4. divide _____ allocated________ distributed _________ assigned ________

Detailed Reading_ participant Detailed Reading participant: 1. adj. participating; sharing. Participant reporters are welcome at the council meeting. Last summer, childrens art program had fourteen participants. 2. n. someone who is taking part in an activity or event At the end of the conference, all the participants were asked to fill out a questionnaire.

as such: properly so named; in the exact meaning of the stated thing Detailed Reading_ as such If Mr. Green chooses to act like a child, he may have to be treated as such. Detailed Reading Birth is a natural process and should be treated as such. Collocations: be treated as such be recognized as such be accepted as such

After Reading_1.1 Useful Expressions Discussion and Writing Optional Classroom Activities Picture Talking Proverbs and Quotations 1. an occupational disease 2. result from 3. social intercourse 4. orient oneself to 5. shake hands 6. make purchases 7. take sth. seriously 8. facial expressions 9. in the course of 10. a fish out of water 11. be broad-minded Listening Comprehension 12. a series of

After Reading_1.2 13. react to 14. complain about 15. get over 16. in addition to 17. social institutions 18. build up 19. by means of 20. adapt oneself to 21. associate with 22. identify with 23. to the extent that 24. for instance Useful Expressions Discussion and Writing Optional Classroom Activities Picture Talking Proverbs and Quotations Listening Comprehension

After Reading_1.3 25. an individual act 26. due to 27. rather than 28. as quickly as possible 29. carry on a conversation 30. open up 31. a religious ritual 32. be treated as such Useful Expressions Discussion and Writing Optional Classroom Activities Picture Talking Proverbs and Quotations Listening Comprehension

After Reading_2.1 Directions: Listen to the following passage and then fill in the blanks. Useful Expressions Discussion and Writing Optional Classroom Activities Picture Talking Proverbs and Quotations Listening Comprehension You have stepped off the plane into a new (1) world. Initially you may experience a sense of (2) and surprise. Everything around you is (3) : a different language, different dress, or a confusing (4) system. Slowly you begin to adapt. You may have heard these words culture shock, a psychological disorientation ( ) that most people (5) when living in a culture markedly different from ones own. Everyone experiences culture shock in different ways, at different (6) and to different (7). Usually the cultural adjustment (8) follows a certain pattern. At first, you will be excited about cultural _______ Dealing with culture shock experience _________ excitement _________ new ____ transit _____ times _____ degrees _______ process _______

going abroad and starting a new (9). When you first arrive, everything will (10) new and exciting. However, after some time, you may start to feel (11) and question why the local people do things so differently. You may even become (12) about these differences. However, you will eventually ( ) get used to this new way of life. And before you know it, you will be getting excited about the (13) home to your family and friends. Sometimes our values and (14) will conflict and sometimes they will converge ( ) with the cultures we visit. The better you are able to adjust to the differences, the greater the ability you will have in empathizing and (15) with those with whom you come in contact. The result will be a better understanding of your own values and the values of the people you will encounter in another culture. After Reading_2.3 Useful Expressions Discussion and Writing Optional Classroom Activities Picture Talking Proverbs and Quotations Listening Comprehension adventure ________ appear ______ homesick________ upset _____ return _____ beliefs______ communicating _____________

After Reading_3.1 Here is a story about a Canadians experience in China. Read it and have a discussion with your classmates. Your discussion might cover the following aspects: Useful Expressions Discussion and Writing Optional Classroom Activities Picture Talking Proverbs and Quotations Listening Comprehension 1. Discussion (1) The Canadians attitude towards privacy; (2) The concept of privacy in Chinese culture; (3) Your comments on this example of culture difference; Culture Shock Sense of Privacy 2. Homework for Writing For this part, you are required to write a composition on the topic Different Concepts of Privacy based on the story and the discussion above. Your composition should be no less than 120 words.

After Reading_3.2 I dont mean to say that there was no privacy in China. But, what I experience in a public office made me wonder what privacy really meant to many people there. One day, I went into the office. Seeing people revealing their quite personal stories in front of many others made me uncomfortable Do as the Romans do I told myself. So, I waited patiently and tried to avoid the sound coming from the person in front of the line. Then, I sensed that someone was peering through my shoulder and stared at the paper that I was holding. Do as the Romans do I murmured quietly. Moments later, my brother came and we discussed at the corner of the office with the documents open on the desk. Almost immediately, I saw a man was staring at the documents. His staring lasted (about three minutes) till I politely reminded him that it was a personal document and My mouth dropped seeing him shouting at me, reminding me that it was a public place and he stared just the desk not the document. Useful Expressions Discussion and Writing Optional Classroom Activities Picture Talking Proverbs and Quotations Listening Comprehension

After Reading_4_1.1 On some occasions we Chinese behave differently from people in the Western countries. The most apparent difference can be found on the way people deal with their daily life. Besides the cultural difference shown in the table manner, in the way to address and greet people, in giving and receiving gifts, can you name some other differences in terms of the value system? You may take America as an example of the Western countries. Value Difference Useful Expressions Discussion and Writing Optional Classroom Activities Picture Talking Proverbs and Quotations Listening Comprehension

After Reading_4_1.2 Useful Expressions Discussion and Writing Optional Classroom Activities Picture Talking Proverbs and Quotations Listening Comprehension Aspects China United States InterpersonalRelationship comes first Economics comes first On Humility ( ) Humility viewed as a virtue Humility is a sign of weakness; there is every reason for the abled to be proud What Wins Respect Respect for seniority, wisdom, ability Respect for success, achievement, wealth On FamilyChildren should learn to respect the elder, love the young, and rely on the extended family Children should learn to be independent

After Reading_4_1.3 Useful Expressions Discussion and Writing Optional Classroom Activities Picture Talking Proverbs and Quotations Listening Comprehension Aspects China United States On the Strong and the Weak It is not righteous to hurt others who are not as strong as you are It is an honour to win; business is all a competition; it is only natural that the weak is replaced by the strong Tolerance of Diversity ( ) Openly very receptive, but actually less so More open On Shame or Humiliation ( ) Long memory; need and urge to declare the innocence Tends to come after business consideration

After Reading_5 Useful Expressions Discussion and Writing Optional Classroom Activities Picture Talking Proverbs and Quotations Listening Comprehension

After Reading_6.1 Useful Expressions Discussion and Writing Optional Classroom Activities Picture Talking Proverbs and Quotations Listening Comprehension 1. Every country has its customs. 2. Do as the Romans do. 3. Let our object be our country, our whole country, and nothing but our country. 4. Culture itself is neither education nor law making, it is an atmosphere and a heritage. Henry Louis Menken, American writer and editor

After Reading_6.2 Useful Expressions Discussion and Writing Optional Classroom Activities Picture Talking Proverbs and Quotations Listening Comprehension 5. Be it ever so humble, there is no place like home. J. H. Payne, American dramatist and act J. H. 6. Home is the place where, when you have to go there, it has to take you in. Robert Frost, American poet 7. Go where he will, the wise man is at home. His hearth the earth, his hall the azure dome. Ralf Waldo Emerson, American thinker

Documents

Before Reading_ 1.1 Kalervo Oberg Culture Shock Culture Group Discussion Kalervo Oberg: (1901-1973) a world-renowned anthropologist. Born: 1901 Birthplace: