BEHAVIOR, ECOLOGY, GROWTH, Jll~ INTERSPECIFIC …

BEHAVIOR ECOLOGY GROWTH Jll~ INTERSPECIFIC RELATIONSHIPS

OF THE YELLOW AND BLACK BULLHEADS

A Thesis Submitted to

the Department of Biology

Kansas State Teachers College Emporia Kansas

In Partial Fulfillment

of the Requirements for the Degree

Master of Science

James K ~ohmeyer

August 1972

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

I would like to express my appreciation to Dr Robert

J Boles for his supervision and constructive criticism

and to Drs Robert F Clarke and Thomas A Eddy for their

reading of the manuscript and suggestions for improvement

I also would like to thank those farmers who allowed

me to capture specimens from their waters I am especially

grateful to my wife Linda for her support and typing of

the manuscript

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER PAGE

I INTRODUCTION bull

Literature Review bull bull bull Taxonomy of the Species Description of Field Study Area

II MATERIALS AND METHODS 7

Laboratory Study Field Study 7

III RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 15

Species Behavior bull 15 Ingestive Behavior bull 15 Shelter-Seeking Behavior 16 Agonistic Behavior bull bull 18 Sexual Behavior 20 Care-Giving Behavior bull bull 21 Eliminative Behavior 23 Allelomimetic Behavior bull bull 23 Investigative Behavior 24 Escape Behavior bullbullbullbullbullbull 26

Interspecific Relationships of the Laboratory Specimens bull 26

Ecological Relationships and Distribution bull bull 29 Laboratory Study bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull 29 Field Study bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bullbull 30

Growth bull 56 Length-Frequency Distributions bull bull bull bull bull bull 56 Population Estimates bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull 56 Absolute Growth bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull 60 Length-Weight Relationships bull bull bull bull bull bull bull 62 Condition Factor bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull 69

IV SUMMARY 78

V LITERATURE CITED bull bull 83

LIST OF TABLES

TABLE PAGE

I I natalis and I melas cantured at the Clear- - Creek collecting stations between 10 August 1971 and 26 November 1971 bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull 31

II Pool size for each of the Clear Creek collecting stations bull bull bull bull 33

III Bottom description for each of the Clear Creek collecting stations bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull 37

IV Water velocity for each of the Clear Creek collecting stations bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull 40

V Per cent of ~ melas and ~ natalis captured for each velocity at the collecting stations between 10 August 1971 and 26 November 1971 bull bull bull bull bullbull 42

VI Bank description for each of the Clear Creek collecting stations bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull 43

VII Aquatic flora found in each of the Clear Creek collecting stations bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull 45

VIII Climatic data for each collecting day on Clear Creek between 10 August 1971 and 26 November 1971 bull bull bull 48

IX Average total lengths and weights for each age group of I melas captured from Clear Creek between 10 August 1971 and 26 November 1971 bull bull bull bull 61

X Average total lengths and weights for each age group of I natalis captured from Clear Creek between 10 August 1971 and 26 November 1971 bull bull bull bull bullbull 61

XI Number of fish and average weights used to calculate the length-weight relationship of I melas 65

XII Number of fish and average weights used to calculate the length-weight relationship of I natalis bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull 67

TABLE PAGE

XIII Lenght-weight relationship and condition factor K(TL) of 1 melas from Clear Creek bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 70

XIV Length-weight relationship and condition factor K(TL) of 1 natalis from Clear Creek bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 72

xv The values of the condition factor K(TL) for each age group of 1 melas captured from Clear Creek between 10 August 1971 and 26 November 1971 bullbull 77

XVI The values of the condition factor K(TL) for each age group of I natalis captured from Clear Creek between 10 August 1971 and 26 November 1971 bull bull 77

LIST OF FIGLES

FIGURE PAGE

1 Distribution of the Yellow Bullhead I natalis and the Black Bullhead I melas in Kansas (After Cross 1967) - bull bull bull 2

2 Map showing locations of collecting stations on Clear Creek Lyon County Kansas 11

3 Length-frequencies of 79 ~ rnelas and 84 natalis captured from Clear Creek between 10 August 1971 and 26 November 1971 bull bull 57

4 Frequency distribution of 79 ~ melas grouped into age groups bull bull bull bull bull 58

5 Frequency distribution of 84 natalis grouped into age groups bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull 59

6 Calculated growth in length of 79 melas and 84 natalis captured from Clear Creek collecting stations between 10 August 1971 and 26 November 1971 63

7 Calculated growth in weight of 79 melas and 84 natalis captured from Clear Creek collecting stations between 10 August 1971 and 26 November 1971 64

8 Length-weight relationship of 79 melas captured from Clear Creek collecting stations between 10 August 1971 and 26 November 1971 bull 74

9 Length-weight relationship of 84 I natalis captured from Clear Creek collecting stations between 10 August 1971 and 26 November 1971 bull 75

SBFUI r

bull CL96T CSSOlJ ld4JV) SBSU~ U1 cS BlltlUI r CpBaQlTng ~jBlg aQl pUB

S11E4EU r p~ou11nH ~OlldX aul JO uormqjll sora i ltlln23

from trapping and fishing at selected stations along a stream

study area The captured bullheads were examined measured

tagged and released An attempt was made to compare distribushy

tion of the species in the stream and to compare their growth

rate under field conditions

Clear Creek a small stream located in west-central

Lyon County was chosen for the field portion of this study

The habitat was varied along the creeks length and the

distance from its upper branches to the point where it flows

into the Neosho River is approximately 25 miles (straight line

distance) I first observed the study species in Clear Creek

at the time that the laboratory specimens were being collected

Literature Review

With such a large overlap in the ranges of I natalis

and I melas it would seem probable that both species would be

present in some of the same bodies of water Many studies

have shown this to be the case but in this portion of the

thesis I will refer only to those close to the study area

Elkin (1954) in Oklahoma and Hall (1934) Minckley (1959)

and Cross (1967) in Kansas reported finding these two species

coexisting

Studies which concern some aspect of the life history

of either I melas or I natalis are numerous especially

for the former Forney (1955) studied the life history of

I melas in one Iowa lake Carlander (1969) compiled life

history and ecological observations from many sources but

considerably more space was devoted to I melas Cross (1967)

gave the Kansas life history for the two species but again

much more space was alloted to I melas

Esterly (1917) discussed species behavior and the

relation between habits in nature and reactions in the

laboratory He said The actual mode of work is to learn

what the particular organism does in nature and to discover

by means of the laboratory the reasons for its behavior

Bardach and Villars (1970) studied the behavior and Todd

(1971) the chemical languages of natalis in the laborashy

tory Darnell and Meierotto (1962) determined the feeding

chronology of melas in laboratory studies

Taxonomy poundpound the Species

According to Bailey (1956) the family name Ictaluridae

is an amalgamation of Amiurus Gill (=Ameiurus Rafinesque)

with Ictalurus Rafinesque From this revision the family

name Ameiuridae was changed to Ictaluridae Ictalurus was

then adopted as the generic name of the bullheads and the

larger forktailed catfishes

Cross (1967) and others (Harlan and Speaker 1956 Clay

1962 Breukelman 1966 Trautman 1957 and Eddy 1957) relying

on differences in color body measurements and qualitative

body characters of natalis and 1 melas listed the following

as characteristics of each species

natalis - Yellowish-brown to black ventral surface of head and body bright yellow yellow-white or milk-white Chin barbels unpigmented (white) or matching the underside of the head Anal fin with 24-27 rays vertebrae 42-45 The body is slender caudal fin rounded outward and slightly notched above mid-point of its distal edge anal fin long and low band of teeth in upper jaw without any backward lateral extensions pectoral spine saw-edged posteriorly jaws nearly equal in length

melas - Yellowish-brown to black ventral surface of head and body bright yellow yellowishshywhite or milk-white Chin barbels pigmented and darker than skin on underside of head Anal fin with 17-21 rays vertebrae 39-40 Body usually more stout than that of 1 natalis caudal fin rounded inward slightly notched and may appear almost square-tipped anal fin short and rounded band of teeth in upper jaw without any backward lateral extensions pectoral spine smooth posteriorly (may be rough but not toothed) jaws equal in length or the upper only slightly protruding

Description of Field Study Area

The drainage basin of Clear Creek includes approxishy

mately four square miles on the east escarpment of the

Flint Hills Upland adjacent to the Neosho River in west-

central Lyon County The total drainage of Clear Creek lies

in nine adjacent sections 7-9 and 16-21 in T18 RlO The

creek originates as a permanent spring 45 miles west and

10 miles south of Americus and flows into the Neosho River

25 miles west of the same city The Neosho River is a part

of the Arkansas River Basin Numerous tributaries join Clear

Creek and most are of intermittent flow The surface drainage

is derived mostly from agricultural lands

The field study area was primarily rolling bluestem

prairie broken by ridges and limestone outcrops (Hartman

1960) The soils are dark grayish-brown and grayish-brown

limestone calcareous shales and loess The bottom structure

of Clear Creek is either clay mud gravel or bedrock

The normal growing season for the study area is 186

days Seventy-two percent of the annual precipitation 30 -to

38 inches falls within this period Average temperature

for July is 261 o C as compared to an average January reading

of -06degC (Breukelman Eddy and Hartman 1961)

CHAPTER II

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Laboratory Study

The laboratory study was conducted on the Kansas State

Teachers College campus from October 1970 until November

The study species ~ melas and I natalis were

maintained in glass aquaria measuring from 46 cm by 150 cm

by 26 cm to 31 cm by 60 cm by 26 cm All sides of the

aquaria were clear and kept clean of algae and fungi for

the duration of the study The glass sides were scraped

and cleaned at the same time that the aquaria were drained

and fresh water added (approximately once a week) The

fresh water was tap water that had been allowed to age in

tanks for a minimum of 24 hours Bottom filters were used

and covered with one inch of gravel Air was supplied to

the aquaria at all times

Tiles were used in the aquaria to provide cove~ for

the bullheads Cuboidal construction tiles approximately

30 cm to a side and having four compartments were used in

the larg~r aquaria Cylindrical tiles 30 cm in length and

10 cm inside diameter were used in the small aquaria as the

only cover and in the larger to provide additional shelter

Observations were normally made during the daylight

or early evening hours Because classes were held in the

study area the bullheads were exposed to much human activity

during portions of the day Most observations were confined to

the periods when few people were in the area and the light

conditions could be altered at will

The laboratory specimens were normally fed dry catfish

pellets Other foods used included liver (pork and beef)

mealworm larvae earthworms and scraps of fish and crayfish

The time of feeding was varied to observe the responses at

different hours of the day and evening

The populations of study fish were arranged so that in

some aquaria only one species was present while in another

both species were together In this manner the specific

behavior and ecology could be studied and at the same time

the interspecific relationships Some of the variables that

were adjusted during the experiment were the size of the

fish comparative number of species amount of food shelter

and external stimuli produced by the researcher ~

Notes in longhand were taken by the observer at each

observation period The times for observation were kept to

a minimum of 30 minutes and lasted as long as two hours

Everything observed was recorded in the laboratory notebook

as the events took place Behavior observed was recorded in

the notebook under the general behavior headings given by

Scott (1958)

Drug-induced spawning was attempted Injections of

between 03 and 08 cc of Chorionic Gonadotropin were given

to seven of the largest melas No sex determination was

attempted The injections were given into the shoulder hump

anterior to the dorsal fin I melas were used to observe

this behavior because of the greater availability of mature

specimens

The ecology portion of the laboratory study was confined

to the effects of light temperature (water and air) barometshy

ric pressure turbidity and human or mechanical stimuli

affecting the bullheads The lights used were the overhead

fluorescent lamps (approximately two meters above the aquaria)

and whatever light entered the room through the door or windows

Water temperature was measured with a mercury column Celsius

thermometer and air temperature with a mercury column Fahrenshy

heit thermometer Barometric pressure readings were taken

directly from The Emporia Gazette The turbidity and human

or mechanical stimuli were recorded as qualitative data

Field Study

A personal survey of Clear Creek was conducted after

gaining permission to fish and trap from the landowners and

the Kansas Forestry Fish and Game Commission in Pratt Kansas

The decision was made a~ter the initial survey to trap in the

main stream between its Neosho River outlet and as far upstream

as sufficient water could be found within which the traps

could be completely submerged Thirty-seven collecting stations

were selected (Fig 2) During the initial collecting period

the following data were recorded for each collecting station

a date b pool length c pool depth d pool width e water turbidity f type of creek bottom g description of pool bank h water flora i water velocity j water temperature k remarks

These same data were again collected at the conclusion

of the trapping program The data from the two visits were

used to form habitat descriptions for each collecting station

The term pool is defined for the purpose of this

paper as any stream area deep enough for complete submersion

of the traps and lying between two shallow areas of the

Turbidity was measured by the use of a U S Geological

Survey turbidity rod The water temperature was taken by

holding a mercury Celsius thermometer approximately 30 cm

below the surface of the water for a minimum of one minute

The water velocity was approximated by allowing a fishing

bobber to float a known distance (10-20 feet) and recording

the number of seconds elapsed The velocity procedure was

run three times for each collecting station and the average

feet-per-second recorded

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Figure 2 Map showing locations of collecting stations on Clear Creek Lyon County Kansas

Climatic data were taken from the Federal Aviation Agency

reports as recorded in The Emporia Gazette The Federal

Aviation Agency weather reports for the Emporia area were

taken at the Emporia Airport which is four miles south of

Emporia or 13 miles southeast of the field study area The

climatic data required for each of the collecting periods

were as follows

a high air temperature b low air temperature c barometric pressure d trend of barometric pressure e relative humidity f precipitation

The trend of barometric pressure is stated as either

rising falling or steady

The data for each bullhead captured were recorded in

the field notebook under the following categories

a collecting station number b date c tag number d weight (grams) e total length (cm) f species g remarks

The traps used were cylindrical wire pots made of quarter

inch hail screen 75 cm long and 275 cm in diameter The

fish could enter the traps from either end through funnel

shaped openings approximately five cm in diameter Square

doors (12 cm to a side) on the side of the cylinder were

used for fish removal and placement of the bait within the

traps The bait was contained in dog food cans with a

plastic snap-on lid over one end Holes in the metal

allowed the bait to diffuse into the surrounding water

The bait used in the traps was fresh liver (beef or

pork) Earthworms or liver were used on the few days that

hook and line was used for collecting

The tags used were strap tags manufactured by National

Band and Tag Company of Newport Kentucky The style was

number 1005 and size 1 It measured 21 mm (94 mm clinched)

by two rom by 03 mm and weighed only 00675 grams (Rounsefell

and Everhart 1953) The tags were normally attached to the

left opercle of the study species When clinched the tag

had an indentification number facing outward and the letters

KSTC inward

Length-frequency distributions were used to estimate

age The fish of each age group normally form a peak in the

distribution curve

Estimation of population densities were attempted by

the mark and recapture procedure (Odum 1966)

Absolut7 growth and length-weight relationships were

determined graphically Absolute growth was plotted as the

average length for each age group

The value of the condition factor or the coefficient of

condition is interpreted as expressing the relative wellshy

being of the fish (Carlander 1969) This coefficient K

is determined by the following formula bull

5K(TL) VI 103

Where VI = weight in grams

L = length in mID

5and 10 is a factor to bring the value

of K near unity

CHAPTER III

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Species Behavior

Ingestive Behavior

Both I melas and I natalis fed in the same manner

The body was held head down at angles between 15 and

90 degrees The head was pushed against the bottom with

powerful thrusts of the caudal fin The more vigorous

the feeding the larger the body angle and the more powershy

ful the caudal thrusts

I melas always became conditioned to feeding in the

aquaria before natalis The shortest time between the

placing of food in the aquaria and the fish actually feeding

was 0 seconds for I melas and 10 seconds for I natalis

I melas often rose toward the surface at my approach and

caught the food on its way to the bottom I natalis grabbed

food en its way down but not until they had been excited by

food on the aquaria bottom Many times melas when in

separate aquaria would feed for several minutes before I

natalis had left their shelter

The smaller specimens of both species were usually the

most active at feeding time and began feeding first

The time of feeding made no noticable difference in the

appetites of the study specimens

The method of actually ingesting the food varied between

the field and the laboratory In the field the bullheads

(both species) gripped the bait between their jaws and moved

for a short distance before swallowing I observed this

procedure several times when fishing under a low water bridge

on Clear Creek and it never varied The bullheads in the

laboratory were hesitant only through the first day but

subsequently would swallow immediately upon biting the food

substance

One individual I melas maintained in another room and

not one of the study specimens would rise to the surface and

take mealworm larvae or liver from the fingers The fish

could actually raise its head out of the water and gently

take the food without biting any fingers

The type of food would cause different reactions with

the study fish Mealworm larvae and earthworms were fed

alive and their body motion caused great excitement and

vigorous feeding The catfish pellets and liver were both

eaten readily but not with as much vigor as with the earthshy

worms or mealworms When feeding on pellets or liver the

fish often fed until their abdomens were quite visibly swollen

Shelter-Seeking Behavior

The most frequently utilized form of shelter were the

tiles The fish also sheltered against the glass and in the

open areas of the aquaria bottoms I natalis only infrequentshy

ly left the tiles while I melas could often be found some

distance from the nearest tile

Both species exhibited the same two body positions within

the tiles The head was usually within five cm of the opening

Position one was horizontal with the fish completely at rest

The only body motions visible were the opening and closing of

the jaws and operculum Position two was head up at an

angle up to 45 degrees The caudal fin just touched the

bottom of the tile and all fins were constantly in motion

The fish would drift slowly vertically or horizontally and

touch the tile at the sides or top I natalis displayed this

alert position much more then I melas

The horizontal position was also assumed when the fish

were away from the tiles All sizes of I melas demonstrated

this behavio~ but only the dominated I natalis The usual

choice of location was next to a tile or along the aquarium

side A position away from any solid object was usually

assumed only by the larger I melas

One additional position that was assumed was the vertical

This position was demonstrated only by the dominated 3maller

fish of both species The position was the same as the horizonshy

tal except that the ventral portion of the fishs body rested

against an aquarium side or a tile The caudal fin was against

the aquarium bottom and slightly bent from the weight of the

fish This position was often assumed in the aquaria corners

or between a tile and the glass aquaria side

I melas was often observed sheltering in aggregations

This occurred both in the tiles and on the aquaria bottoms

Bowen (1931) stated that Fishes in older stages which are

not actively aggregating nearly always rest in contact with

one another with the tips of the barblets the ends of the

fin or the tail resting against a companion

I natalis was observed in aggregations only during

periods of stress or excitement Bardach and Villars (1970)

stated that natalis band together when frightened

Agonistic Behavior

This type of behavior was never observed until after the

fish had become accustomed to their new surroundings At

first all of the fish stayed together either in a corner or

in the same tile After one or two days a hierarchy usually

was established and a dominance pattern observed

Dominance was primarily based upon size A fish that

had been dominant in one group became a subordinate to fish

larger than itself when added to an already established

-population Dominance was very clear between the different

size classes but not definite for fish of near equal size

The largest ~ melas was clearly the dominant fish in

its population but its influence was much less than that

expressed by the largest I natalis over its own group

The I melas tolerated much more physical contact and only

rarely did it actually chase or bite others of its own species

1 natalis on the other hand did not allow any physical

contact except for periods of stress These periods were

either during cleaning of the aquaria or just after the

introduction to a new environment

The largest 1 natalis always commanded the preferred

shelter When in its shelter tile and in the alert position

it always stood its ground if another fish tried to enter

At this time it rapidly moved its head back and forth

laterally and held its jaws wide open as though roaring

at the intruder Todd (1971) stated that mouth displays

varied considerably in intensity The roar as I have called

it is labeled a quiver by Todd who said it usually

preceded either a mouth fight or a chase The smaller fish

always backed away from the larger and no biting was observed

during these encounters

Biting was observed in several separate laboratory aquaria

I me1as were observed biting only one time In this case the

fish were exhibiting sexual behavior and trying to establish

their territories The two victims were badly scratched and

one died before the two could be removed Most of the damage

was caused by scraping against the tiles in trying to escape

and not from the actual bites With I nata1is the most

usual case was when two fish of near equal size were t~ying to

establish dominance and claim the only tile shelter In

several instances larger I natalis were observed pursuing

smaller specimens and even holding the caudal fin within their

jaws The damage suffered from the bites by the I natalis

was serious The caudal fins were eaten away and death

resulted in three instances The other fish that were

damaged all recovered when moved to new aquaria

Sexual Behavior

No sexual behavior was observed with I natalis They

were not injected with hormones to stimulate reproduction

and exhibited no natural sexual behavior

Seven of the largest I melas were injected with from

03 to 08 cc of Chorionic Gonadotropin on 24 May 1971 One

aquarium contained four large I melas and it was with this

group that the biting was recorded The first scraping or

damage was noted on 5 June 1971

The two largest I melas did not feed at all on 7 June

1971 This was the first time this had ~appened since

observations began From 10 June 1971 until the morning

of 14 July 1971 they fed but appeared very nervous

On 8 July 1971 the two largest I melas were recorded

staying very close to each other They spent most of their

time together and were constantly touching and circling each

other This activity continued until the afternoon of 14

July 1971 when eggs were first observed

Care-Giving Behavior

The eggs were laid in two masses One mass was approxshy

imately 30 mm high and 20 mm in diameter at its base The

second was 10 mm high and 5 mm in diameter at the bottom

The aquarium where the eggs were laid had no gravel or bottom

filter and the eggs adhered directly to the aquarium bottom

Ulrey Risk and Scott (1938) stated that Because the

eggs of the catfish are laid in a single large mass it seems

certain that they are all laid at one time 1I In the laborashy

tory however the eggs were laid in two masses and this

might indicate that they were laid at two different times

The eggs were constantly fanned by the adult bullheads

No sexing of the two parents was conducted but one of the

two fish did much more of the fanning The two fish differed

in that one had a notched adipose fin and was slightly

larger in size The rounded-adipose fin individual did by

far the most fanning The notched-adipose fin individual

serated the eggs either by itself for brief periods or at

the same time as the other fish

The fanning was done by the pelvic and caudal fins

The fish used only their pelvic fins for short periods (up

to one minute) and a rather gentle body motion Between

these periods there were brief (up to 15 seconds) flurries

of activity in which both the caudal and anal fins were used

For the flurry periods the fish drifted downward until the

eggs were between the caudal and pelvic fins and then with

forceful lateral motions swept the eggs with their pelvic

The fish constantly changed positions when fanning

The most frequent move was 180 degrees ~en turning the

parents touched the eggs with their chin barbels which

dragged across the egg mass as they passed over

The adult fish stopped fanning when I approached the

egg ~sses closer than 30 cm The adu1~s did not flee but

rather remained quietly on the bottom with their heads

facing the disturbance Only the notched-ana1-fin individual

stayed over the nest when an underwater object moved near

the fanning fish The other adult always retreated into a

The notched-adipose-fin adult tried to defend the nest

When a pencil was first lowered there was no reaction except

that the fish turned slowly so as to keep facing the pencil

The fish only bit the pencil after it was tapped against the

inside of the aquarium glass The fish opened its mouth very

wide and struck the pencil three times in succession without

the pencil having been removed from the water between bites

The bites were vigorous and the pencil was moved sharply in my

hand Teeth were felt scrapping against the wood of the pencil

The eggs were laid on 14 July 1971 and by 1100 hours

on 15 July 1971 over half were missing By 1500 hours of

the same day the remaining eggs were recorded as no longer

visible A thorough search of the aquarium produced no sign

of the eggs There were no recorded disturbances that could

explain the distruction of the eggs

Both parents continued to fan the area where the eggs

were laid The adult with the notched adipose fin was the

fish that did the most fanning as was the case before the

disappearance of the eggs This behavior was last recorded

on 27 July 1971

Eliminative Behavior

No behavior of this type was observed The water became

foul but no solid or liquid wastes were detected

Allelomimetic Behavior

Both melas and natalis displayed this behavior

when first introduced into new surroundings The fish

crowded into one corner of the aquaria or one compartment

of a tile When venturing into the open the smaller fish

usually followed the larger or more aggressive fish This

behavior lasted up to two days for fish that had been just

captured but never more then one day for fish transferred

from one aquarium to another Draining and cleaning the

aquaria always caused the fish to group but they stayed

together an average of only two hours ~

As stated in the Shelter-Seeking Behavior section 1

melas ~as often observed in aggregations The aggregations

in the tiles were constantly in motion and there was

considerable shifting of positions by the individuals When

in the open however there were often periods when the fish

would lie next to each other in the horizontal position

When one fish in the resting group moved it caused the others

to shift also

Allelomimetic behavior was frequently observed when the

fish were either searching for food or when actually feeding

At times of feeding agonistic behavior was abandoned and

only ingestive and allelomimetic behaviors were recorded

The smaller fish were the most active and were usually

feeding before the larger fish were out of their shelters

The activity of the smaller fish either feeding or actively

searching for food was investigated frequently by the larger

Investigative Behavior

This behavior was observed when the fish were placed into

a new environment and just after the cleaning of the aquarium

When the study area was quiet and there were no disturbances

around the aquaria the fish left their aggregations swam

over the bottom and even part way up the sides and then

returned to their group This routine was followed until

the fish became accustomed to their new or changed environshy

Normal investigation of the open area in the aquaria

occured daily It was usually observed when the lights

were either low or off the water was turbid or there was

no human activity other then myself in the study area

The fish used their eyes for investigations Except

when the water was very turbid or the lights were off they

were able to discern a moving object Moving objects beside

the aquaria frightened the fish but not as much as when above

the aquarium

The chin barbels were used constantly They were always

in motion except when the fish were resting in the horizontal

position The barbels were extended and just touched the

bottom as the fish swam forward Any obJect that the fish

came upon was examined by moving the barbels over and around

the subject

The bullheads were highly sensitive to touch on their

bodies They would examine any object that was touched

When food particles hit a fish on the dorsal surface it

would immediately turn and bite the particle Objects not of

food value were not swallowed but were held in the mouth and

then spit out

Escape Behavior

This particular behavior does not include fleeing from

other fish or outside disturbances It was observed only

with I natalis and in this case refers to any attempt for

escape from the confinement of the aquarium Two freshly

captured I natalis did escape from their aquarium the

first night after capture and were found dead on the floor

in the morning Screen tops were then placed on the aquarium

and there were no more escapes One of the larger remaining

I natalis was observed trying to push the screen top off

its aquarium The screen was approximately 10 centimeters

above the water and the fish thrashed violently for periods

of up to five seconds This action was observed with only

one individual fish and recorded seven times within two days

Interspecific Relationships of the Laboratory Specimens

Two experiments were conducted in which the study

specimens were nearly equal in size The dominant individual

in each case was a I natalis

One I natalis and two I melas were maintained in

aquarium A The 1 natalis killed both of the I melas in

13 and 22 days respectively Both individuals had their

caudal fins eaten away and the bones exposed The individual

that died first had a hole eaten into the top of its head

behind the eyesmiddot

Two I natalis and ~ melas were housed in aquarium B

The dominant specimen was the larger of the two ~ natalis

The smaller I natalis and the I melas had their caudal fins

eaten away and the damage was done presumably by the domshy

inant individual Both survived the damage and eventually

their wounds healed over

Both aquarium A and B contained only one cylindrical

tile shelter The dominant I natalis specimens used the

inside of the tile shelter and the subordinate fish the

outside The two subordinate I melas in aquarium A stayed

in close contact before their deaths The subordinate I

melas and ~ natalis specimens in aquarium B however

stayed on opposite sides of the tile The subordinate I

nataljs in aquarium B had what appeared to be the least

preferred shelter position which was between the tile and

the front glass

Two experiments were conducted for testing interspecific

relationships between specimens of unequal size

Aquarium C contained six ~ natalis and six ~ melas

The 12 fish were all placed in the aquarium at the same time

The I melas usually fed first but were observed being

chased away from the feeding area by the larger 1 nata1is

When the two species fed together the 1 nata1is were more

aggressive and tEe 1 me1as moved aside The largest 1

nata1is was observed chasing a smaller ~ me1as out of a

tile opening with the caudal fin of the smaller fish in its

mouth Two of the smaller I me1as suffered caudal fin

wounds but this was the only evidence of physical damage

suffered by any of the 12 fish Three of the four tile

compartments were usually occupied by individual 1 nata1is

The fourth compartment was usually shared by the two or more

I me1as

Aquarium D contained seven 1 me1as and one 1 nata1is

The 1 natalis was the same specimen that killed the two I

me1as in aquarium A The 1 nata1is was introduced into an

already established population and was approximately equal

in length to the median-sized 1 me1as The 1 nata1is when

released into the aquarium swam into one of the lower comshy

partments and would not allow any of the 1 me1as to enter

its compartment regardless of size The 1 me1as were

nipped around the caudal fin area when fleeing but were not

bitten when face to face with the I nata1is

Within one week of introduction the 1 nata1is in

aquarium D had changed its shelter location It moved from

one of the lower compartments to an upper one The movement

or traffic of I melas was much less in the upper compartments

After the I natalis moved upward t the I melas again utilized

the lower compartments

Ecological Relationships and Distrib4tion

Laboratory Study - Both Species

The amount of light in the study area greatly influenced

the activity of the study species The fish were much more

active when the overhead lights were off Enough light came

in through either the shaded windows (during the day) or the

open door (at night) to make observations When the overshy

head lights were turned on t the fish retreated to their tile

shelters The lights did not influence the bullheads when

hungrYt and they were constantly in motion until their

appetites were sated

The air temperature in the study area was held constant

239~27degC by thermostat and did not vary from these limits

throughout the year The water temperature was approximately

55degC lower than the air temperature

Changes in barometric pressure had no noticeable effect

upon the laboratory specimens The fish fed when the baroshy

metric pressure was rising t falling t or steady

Increased activity was noted when the aquaria water

became turbid with dissolved food particles and body wastes

External stimuli almost always frightened the study fish

When people were in the room the fish ventured away from

their shelters only during periods of feeding or hunger

Vibrations transmitted through the aquaria stands were

detected when created within five meters of the aquaria

Movement of a hand or arm was detected within two meters

Field Study

Eighty-four I natalis and 79 1 melas were captured at

30 of the 37 collecting stations on 77 collecting days between

10 August 1971 and 26 November 1971 (Table I) ~ natalis were

captured at 26 collecting stations and I melas at 21 Both

species were found together in 17 of the~30 pools in which

bullheads were captured

Metcalf (1959) referring to a Kansas portion of the

Arkansas River basin reported that ~ me1as were found at

every station where I natalis were captured and were usually

several times more abundant

Clarke Breukelman and Andrews (1958) gave the relative

abundance in Lyon County as abundant for I melas and common

for 1 natalis

The collecting station pools varied greatly in size

Table II shows the length width depth and area for each

3station The range was from two to 840 m with a mean of

31761 m bull

TABLE I 1 natalis and 1 melas captured at the Clear Creek collecting stations between 10 August 1971 and 26 November 1971

Collecting Station 1 natalis 1 melas

11 5 3

12 4 3

13 3 5

18 1 2

19 3 3

TABLE I (Continued)

Collecting Station Ie- natal is- I me1as

20 4 4

27 3 14

30 ~ 2

32 1 1

33 3 4

34 1 2

37 4 1

TABLE II Pool size for each of the Clear Creek collecting stations

Station Length Width Depth Arja m m m m

1 30 2 05 300

2 10 2 04 80

3 65 4 04 1040

4 30 3 06 540

5 15 2 05 150

6 70 4 12 3360

7 20 3 12 720

8 30 2 05 150

9 65 5 20 6500

10 10 3 08 240

11 60 3 09 1620

12 20 15 15 4500

13 50 4 08 1600

14 50 3 08 1200

15 40 8 08 2560

16 40 4 09 1440

17 25 15 20 7500

18 10 2 08 160

TABLE II (Continued)

Station Length m

Width m

Depth m

Area m3

19 15 3 15 675

20 10 3 10 300

21 40 4 15 2400

22 2 2 05 20

23 15 5 10 750

24 60 4 08 1920

25 20 4 08 640

26 100 5 05 2500

27 5 3 04 60

28 5 3 04 60

29 20 2 04 160

30 35 4 10 1400

31 60 4 12 2880

32 40 4 15 4200

33 25 7 10 1500

34 12 5 10 600

35 bull 80 7 15 8400

36 45 5 12 2700

37 40 2 04 320

Depth was more important than area when considering the

pool sizes The average depth for the collecting stations

was 09 meters The average depth for the 17 pools where

both species were collected was 11 meters 12 meters was

the average depth for the four pools where only 1 melas

were captured The average depth for the nine pools where

only 1 natalis were collected was 07 meters This last

figure would appear to indicate that ~ natalis was found

in pools of less depth than 1 melas The range for the

pools where only I natalis were captured was 04 to 12

meters while that for I melas was 08 to 15 meters

The turbidity of the collecting station pools was quite

low Except for periods of up to seven days following heavy

run-off the turbidity readings were less then 2 ppm This

was the smallest ppm measurement which could be read on the

u S Geological Survey turbidity rod The platinum needle

was visible to the creek bottom

Cross (1967) stated that the characteristic turbidity

is high for 1 melas and clear for 1 natalis Clay

(1962) reported I natalis as largely a creek species that

is not as tolerant of turbidity as 1 melas Hubbs and

Ortenburger (1929) found that These records indicate that

Ameriurus natalis in the Southwest as well as in the North

inhabits cleaner and swifter water than A melas Trautman

(1957) often found I natalis present in small low-gradient

brooks which contained normally clear waters and some aquatic

vegetation

The range for the water temperatures throughout the study

area was slight In August t the range was between 220 and

260degC t with a mean of 240degC When the study ended in

November the same readings ranged from 39 to 67degC t with

a mean of 50degC

Table III shows the bottom description for each of the

collecting stations

Fifty-nine 1 melas were captured in pools with mud

bottoms t as compared to 54 for 1 natalis natalis t

however was found in 19 of the 29 mud-bottomed pools and

I melas only 15

Thirty-five I natal is were captured in pools containing

large rocks Only ten I melas were found in pools with the

same type of cover Eight pools contained the large rocks

and I natalis were found in seven and I melas in five

Except for the mud and large rocks there was no evidence

found to indicate any preference t by either species t forany

particular bottom type

Cross (1967) stated that t The yellow bullhead is

principally a stream-fish t and is most common in clear

permanently-flowing tributaries that have rocky bottoms

Thus its distribution complements that of the blackbullhead t

which seems best adapted to ponds and muddy intermittent

TABLE III Bottom description for each of the collecting stations

Station Bottom Description

5 mud silt and large scattered rocks

7 rock and much debris

9 mud gravel large rocks and much debris

10 mud and gravel

11 mud clay and rock

12 gravel silt and large and small rocks

13 silt gravel much debris and fallen tree

14 clay silt and largerocks

15 mud silt and large rocks in center

16 rock

17 mud and silt

18 mud gravel and clay

19 mud clay logs and fallen tree

TABLE III (Continued)

20 mud rock and logs

21 silt gravel and logs

22 silt gravel and dead trees

23 mud graye1 and rocks

24 mud rocks and clay

25 mud rocks and gravel

26 rock and some mud

27 mud and gravel

28 mud and some rocks

29 mud and gravel

31 mud shale rocks and gravel

33 mud and debri

36 mud shale and gravel

37 mud gravel and silt

creeks These habitats are not fully discrete however both

species are found at many localities The last sentence of

the quote would apply to~ natalis and ~ melas in Clear

Hall (1934) in Kansas and Larrabee (1926) in Iowa

reported finding 1 melas and 1 natalis in habitats with

muddy bottoms Hall listed both species as being common in

a Kansas lake and creek Minckley (1959) reported that

The yellow bullhead inhabited the muddy-bottomed streams

and the upland gravelly creeks usually occurring in the

headwaters Clear Creek would fit this habitat type

Table IV shows the approximate velocity for each collectshy

ing station

I natalis were more numerous at each of the five

velocities except 08 ftsec A single 1 natalis was the

only bullhead captured in the 25 ftsec pools Table V

shows the per cent of each species captured in areas with

each of the velocities

Both species were most numerous at the 08 and 13 ftsec

velocities - This would indicate a preference for a slower

current and would agree with statements by Dolan (1960) for

1 natalis and Hubbs and Lagler (1958) for both species

It would not agree however with a statement by Hubbs and

Ortenburger (1929) that I natalis inhabited swifter waters

than I melas

TABLE IV Water velocity for each of the Clear Creek collecting stations

Collecting Station Velocity in ftsec

13 (08

TABLE IV (Continued)

26 lt08

32 (08

35 (08

The velocity is expressed in ft7sec and is the mean of two readings for each collecting station

TABLE V Per cent of I melasand natalis captured for each velocity at the collecting stations on Clear Creek between 10 August 1971 and 26 November 1971

Per Cent () Velocity I natalis I melas- -

08 14 8

08 30 47

13 41 35

17 14 10

25 1 0

Velocity is expressed in ftsec

Table VI shows the pool-bank description for each

collecting station

Seventy-one per cent of the bullheads were captured in

pools with some undercutting When broken down to species

however the figures are 76 per cent for ~ natalis and 65

for I melas

The type of bank did not noticeably influence the

number of bullheads in the pools Both species were

represented almost equally with the different bank types

Table VII shows the aquatic flora for each collecting

station

Eighty-six per cent of the I melas and 78 per cent of

I natalis were captured in pools containing coontail

TABLE VI Bank description for each of the Clear Creek collecting stations

Station Undercutting Description

1 dirt

2 X dirt and tree

3 X dirt and tree

4 dirt

5 dirt

6 dirt

7 X dirt and tree

8 X dirt

9 X dirt gravel and tree

10 X dirt and bridge

11 X dirt and tree

12 dirt

13 dirt

14 X dirt and tree

15 X dirt

16 dirt shale and seep

17 dirt

18 X dirt and grass gravel

TABLE VI (Continued)

19 X dirt

20 dirt and grass

21 X grass and gravel

22 X dirt and grass

23 X dirt bridge and grass

24 X dirt and grass

25 dirt

26 X dirt and woody shrubs

27 X dirt grass and tree

28 X dirt and grass

29 X dirt gravel grass and ws

30 X dirt grass and ws

31 X dirt rock grass and ws

The letters ws denote woody shrubs

TABLE VII Aquatic flora found in each of the Clear Creek collecting stations

Station Aquatic Flora

1 none

2 filamentous algae

3 filamentous algae

4 filamentous algae

5 filamentous algae

6 filamentous algae and coontail

7 coontail and filamentous algae

8 filamentous algae

10 filamentous algae

13 coontail

14 coontail

15 coontail

16 duck weed and coontail

17 coontail

18 coontail sedge and grass

TABLE VII (Continued)

21 filamentous algae coontail grass and duckweed

24 coontail filamentous algae sedge and cattails

28 sedge and coontail

30 sedge coontail and filamentous algae

coontail and filamentous algae33

34 filamentous algae coontail and duckweed

filamentous algae coontail and sedge

filamentous algae coontail sedge and duckweed

(Ceratophyllum Sp) Even though more 1 melas were captured

in the pools with coontail only 1 natalis were captured in

the three pools that were choked with that plant Seventy-six

per cent of the 1 natalis and 63 per cent of the 1 melas

were found in pools with filamentous algae The other species

of aquatic flora present in the stream did not appear to

affect the number of individuals or species found in the

different pools

Hubbs and Lagler (1949) reported 1 natalis as being

more common than the other bullheads in clean waters with

a growth of aquatic vegetation Clear Creek would fit this

category and 1 natalis was indeed more numerous than 1

melas Both species were found frequently (Hall 1934) in

weedy habitats in a Kansas lake and creek

Table VIII shows the climatic data for each of the

collecting days

Both of the species were captured in greater numbers

when the daytime high temperature was above 156degC I melas

was captured more frequently than 1 natalis above this

temperature but were outnumbered after the temperature

dropped below 156 degrees No bullheads were captured the

one day that the high temperature was 22degC or the three days

that the low temperatures were below -lloC

Both species were captured on 57 per cent of the days

that the barometric pressure was falling and 39 per cent of

TABLE VIII Climatic data for each collecting day on Clear Creek between 10 August 1971 and 26 November 1971

Temperature Date Noon Low BP BP Trend RH Precipitation

August

10 278 200 2997 Down 52

11 31 7 200 3008 Steady 35

12 328 167 2999 Steady 48

13 31 7 200 3002 Steady 20

14 333 178 3009 Up 28

16 ---shy 183 3019 Down 59

17 31 7 150 3013 Down 45

18 311 156 3002 Down 45

19 317 226 3005 Down 37

20 333 200 3003 Down 32

21 333 206 2993 Steady 63

23 ---shy 189 2992 Down 54

24 333 217 3004 Steady 43 co

TABLE VIII (Continued)

26 361 178 3005 Up 47

27 333 156 3011 Down 49

30 ---shy 128 3010 Down 46

31 294 133 3003 Down 42

September

1 300 172 2995 Steady 41

3 333 206 2983 Down 52

4 328 244 29~83 Down 70

7 ---shy 21 7 2994 Down 54

8 339 228 2995 Down SO

9 367 161 3000 Down 49

10 350 183 2995 Down 46

13 ---shy 150 2995 Down 38

14 31 7 189 2971 Steady 37 ~ 0

15 322 156 3003 Down 36

16 300 83 3006 Steady 47

17 222 11 7 3028 Down 41 Trace

21 ---- 50 3022 Down 16

22 222 106 3020 Down 57 Trace

23 228 89 3040 Down 44

24 211 106 3026 Down 70

25 189 133 2996 Steady 87 90

27 ---- 211 2976 Down 42

28 306 211 2990 Up 57

29 322 200 2999 Down 53

30 294 200 2992 Down 50

October

1 3U6 194 2989 Down 56

2 294 167 2991 Up 81 08

4 ---- 67 3012 Down 25

5 228 100 3015 Steady 29

6 267 83 3023 Down 44

7 283 122 3004 Down 36

8 267 139 3008 Steady 37

9 306 33 3018 Steady 43

11 ---- 100 3001 Down 23

12 250 67 2983 Down 23

13 244 67 3004 Down 40

14 300 89 2984 Steady 40

15 211 11 2987 Down 54 In

16 272 161 2998 Down 90

18 ---shy 172 2981 Steady tJ7 31

19 250 100 3001 Steady 53 33

20 172 11 3002 Down 93 26

21 139 122 3019 Down 87

22 144 11 7 3008 Steady 66

23 150 11 7 3009 Steady 88

25 ---shy 89 2999 Steady 75

26 206 144 2972 Down 73

27 244 111 2965 Up 50 04

November

3 194 -06 3031 Down 34

4 167 28 3004 Down 33

8 ---shy -06 3007 Down 76 14 VI N

9 61 11 3032 Down 38

10 56 22 3015 Down 22

11 144 00 3014 Down 22

12 183 78 2984 Down 38

15 ---- 122 3005 Down 59

16 239 128 3005 Down 93 22

17 233 122 2977 Down 70

18 156 28 3005 Up 73 Trace

19 189 -33 3006 Down 41

20 77 44 2989 Steady 30

22 ---- -38 3013 Down 82

23 67 -11 3013 Down 82 Snow-40

24 22 -17 3025 Down 89

VI wThe letters BP = Barometric Pressure and RH = Relative Humidity

The Precipitation is in inches

the days that it was steady When it was rising however

I natalis were captured on 40 per cent of the days and I

melas on 49 per cent Sixty-two per cent of the ~ natalis

and 68 per cent of the ~ melas were captured when the

barometric pressure was in the thirties

When the barometric pressure was in the twenties the

fish-per-day amounted to 092 for ~ natalis and 087 for

I melas 089~ natalis and 102 I melas per day were

captured when the reading was in the thirties

Forty-eight per cent of the collecting days had relative

humidities in the forties and fifties Sixty-two per cent

of all the bullheads were captured during these days The

percentage of total fish captured increased as the relative

humidity rose to the forties and decreased after the

relative humidity reached the fifties The one exception

was when the relative humidity was in the sixties (which

was recorded on only two days) when three per cent of the

bullheads were captured There was no discernible pattern

for the number of either species captured at the different

humidities

Eighty-two per cent of the bullheads were captured on

the days with no precipitation These days accounted for

85 per cent of the collecting days Five per cent of the

days had only a trace of moisture and on these days seven

per cent of the study species were captured Ten per cent

of the days had more than a trace of moisture and eleven

per cent of the fish were captured on these days More

I melas than 1 natalis were captured on the days with only

a trace or no precipitation 1 natalis however outshy

numbered I melas for the days with more than a trace of

precipitation

Toth (unpublished research problem 1968) reported

finding leeches (Myzobdella moorei) on specimens of I melas No leeches were found on any I melas during this

study but four I natalis were captured with leeches (species

unknown) attached

The four I natal is that were infested with leeches

were collected at stations 32 33 and 36 These captures

took place between 4 October 1971 and 13 October 1971 Two

of the fish were in age group III and one each were in age

groups II and IV

Twelve attached leeches were observed in all This

would agree with the one to three-per-host intensity as

given by Harms (1960) All of the leeches were attached

to the skin at the base of the chin barbels

When the leeches were pulled off of the fish a small

circular wound was left One I natalis was captured at

station 33 that had small circular scars around its chin

barbels The scars were completely healed and matched the

wounds that were left when the leeches were pulled off

GRowrH

Length-freguency Distribution

The estimated ages of the captured bullheads were

obtained by plotting length-frequency distributions Figure

3 illustrates the length-frequency distributions for the

79 ~ melas and 84 ~ natalis captured from the Clear Creek

collecting stations between 10 August 1971 and 26 November

Four age groups were obtained for each of the two

species The peaks in the distribution curves appear to

indicate that I mela~ attains a slightly greater length

during the first year but that ~ natalis is longer at

ages II and III The peaks for the age group IV individuals

were at 250 centimeters for both species

Frequency distributions for the captured bullheads

showed a normal decreasing frequency for ~ melas (Fig 4)

but a high second year frequency for ~ natalis (Fig 5)

A frequency distribution similar to that shown for natalis

was reported by Schoffman (1955) In that case however

it was the age group III that was high

Population Estimates

All of the captured bullheads were marked and released

Nineteen of the 79 I melas and 12 of the 84 I natalis were

melas ---shy

-_~~~-~-

TOTAL LENGTH IN CENTllfETERS

L nata1is

_ ___ __~-- 1LV ------t- ----~-------- -- shy -I -----------f---------t-------~-- ------~~- -I

Figure 3 Length-frequencies of 79 I melas and 84 I nata1is captured from Clear Creek between 10 August 1971 and 26 Novemb~r 1971 -

~ j 12

9 ti Cf)

~ 5 ~ 4

11 I -------- j --------middot--I--middot--------t-shy -- -----

100 150

H U ~ p (I)

20 ~ 0

~ ~ rQ

I II III

AGE IN YEARS IV

Figure 4 Frequency distribution of 79 I melas grouped into age groups

2S v ~ p ]

30 ~ 0 T ~ ~

sect i

I II III IV AGE IN YEARS

Figure 5 Frequency distribution of 84 nata1is grouped into age groups

recaptured Using the mark and recapture procedure (Rouseshy

fell and Everhart 1953) resulted in population estimates

of 328 I me1as and 588 I natalis for Clear Creek

Cross (1967) in referring to I me1as stated The

species is not abundant in large streams where bottoms are

rocky or sandy nor in small streams that have a permanent

flow of clear water Clear Creek fits the latter portion

of the statement by Cross and is a possible explanation

for the difference in estimated populations

Absolute Growth

The average total 1enghts and weights for each of the

age groups of I me1as and I nata1is are shown in Tables

IX and X

The average length of ~ me1as for age groups I-IV was

higher than the average found by Houser and Collins (1962)

for 19 Oklahoma streams Their study found that in Oklashy

homa the averages for streams were considerably lower than

those of other waters However except for age group I

the average length for all Oklahoma waters was higher than

that for Clear Creek

Lewis (1949) determined the age of 218 I me1as from an shy

Iowa stream Vertebral ring counts were made to determine

age and this showed agreement with a length frequently distrishy

bution chart for the first three age groups The length

TABLE IX Average total lengths and weights for each age group of melas captured from Clear Creek between 10 August 1971 and 26 November 1971

Average Growth Age in Years Length (cm) Weight (g)

I 128 294

II 164 513

III 192 1008

IV 242 1730

TABLE X Average total lengths and weights for each age group of I nata1is captured from Clear Creek between-10 August 1971 and 26 November 1971

I 122 169

II 162 476

III 217 1280

IV 246 1968

averages obtained for I melas from Clear Creek were higher

than that found by Lewis but within the range of lengths

for age groups I II and III No individual fish captured

by Lewis was as long as the average age IV fish from Clear

Sandoz (1960) calculated growth rates for both I melas

and I natalis from a reservoir drainage system in Oklahoma

The average lengths for the age groups were below those

found for Clear Creek Sandoz aged only group I and II for

I melas but groups I-IV for I natalis He listed I

natalis as being 06 centimeters longer for year I but 114

centimeters for both species at year II

The average total lengths and weights of Tables IX and

X were then plotted graphically to show the calculated growth

in length (Fig 6) and weight (Fig 7) for the study species

I natalis weighed less then I melas at years I and II but

was heavier at years III and IV

Length-weight Relationships

Tables XI and XII show the numbers of fish and average

weights used to calculate the length-weight relationships

of I melas and I natalis

Logarithmic equations were calculated to express the

relationships between length and weight for the study species

Figure 6 Calculated growth in length of 79 I melas and 84 I natalis captured from Clear Creek collecting stations between 10 August 1971 and 26 November 1971

1 melas

I natalis

AGE IN YEARS

1StII I

l~l j I I I jJI f I 1

51 I r

r4 ~ H

~ HZ ~ u Z H

c H o Z ~ I

----__-_

1 y bull --shy

AGE IN YEARS

I natalis

Figure 7 Calculated growth in weight of 79 I melas and 84 I natalis captured from Clear Creek collecting stations between 10 August 1971 and 26 November 1971

150J UJ

~ cr Z H

Eo-ltr 0shyH

~ 100 ~

II I melasI

TABLE XI Number of fish and average weights used to calculate the length-weight relationshyship of l me1as

Total Number Average Total Number Average Length of Weight Length of Weight

cm Fish Grams cm Fish Grams

102 1 130 141 1 450

110 2 145 144 1 330

114 1 170 145 1 380

115 1 50 146 1 290

11 7 2 245 149 1 450

118 1 330 151 2 375

121 1 340 153 2 395

123 1 270 150 1 450

124 1 270 157 2 390

125 4 245 158 1 320

126 3 327 160 1 400

129 1 330 161 2 530

130 1 300 162 1 580

131 2 350 163 2 590

134 2 235 164 1 600

135 2 360 165 2 520

136 1 410 167 2 455

137 1 450 169 1 600

138 1 430 170 1 700

TABLE XI (Continued)

em Fish Grams em Fish Grams

173 1 620 188 1 820

174 1 620 191 1 1070

178 1 600 195 2 1050

180 2 670 196 1 1090

182 1 750 199 1 1100

183 1 860 205 1 1430

184 1 1010 208 1 1220

185 2 850 215 1 1220

186 4 943 242 1 1730

TABLE XII Number of fish and average weights used to calculate the length-weight relationshyship of I natalis

104 1 160 154 2 375

105 1 30 155 1 340

111 1 90 158 2 430

115 2 235 160 1 380

11 7 1 40 161 1 560

118 2 190 162 3 503

125 2 170 163 3 483

126 1 190 166 1 450

130 3 190 167 1 550

133 1 170 168 1 720

139 2 215 169 1 570

142 3 293 170 2 540

145 3 340 172 1 560

147 3 303 173 1 710

148 1 290 174 1 470

149 1 250 175 2 640

150 3 393 176 1 720

151 3 470 178 1 700

152 2 290 179 1 500

153 2 310 180 1 850

TABLE XII (Continued)

185 2 745 217 1 1180

186 1 650 220 1 1300

187 1 580 222 1 1360

200 1 820 227 1 1480

202 1 1230 228 1 1360

211 1 1310 245 3 1973

212 2 1150 250 1 1950

The equations were as follows

I me1as log W ~ -29533 + 37974 log L

I natal is logW ~ -19815 + 30743 log L

Where W = weight in grams and L = total length in

centimeters (Tables XIII and XIV)

Figures 8 and 9 show the length-weight relationships

for I me1as and I nata1is from Clear Creek The dots

represent empirical averages (Tables XIII and XIV) and

the curves are graphs of the length-weight equation

Condition Factor

The condition factor or coefficient of condition

expresses the condition (degree of plumpness) of a fish

in numerical terms (Lagler 1956) Tables XIII and XIV

illustrate the average condition factor for each of the

recorded capture lengths The average condition factor

for I me1as was 131 This was greater than the 109

found for 1 natalis and would indica~e that on the

average 1 melas were more robust or plump than I

nata1is Car1ander (1969) reported similar condition

factors for the two species He gave a condition factor

of 138 for 8130 I melas and 121 for 317 1 natalis

The values of the condition factor for I me1as did

not follow any apparent pattern when considered for the

TABLE XIII Length-weight relationship and condition factor K(TL) of I me1as from Clear Creek

Total Weight Average Total Weight Average Length Grams K(TL) Length Grams K(TL)

102 13 123 137 45 1 75

110 245 109 138 43 164

114 17 115 141 45 161

115 5 033 144 33 loll

11 7 245 103 145 38 125

118 33 201 146 29 093

121 34 192 149 45 136

123 27 145 151 375 109

124 27 142 153 395 loll

125 245 126 156 45 119

126 326 163 157 39 101

129 33 154 158 32 081

130 30 137 160 40 098

131 35 156 161 53 128

134 235 098 162 58 136

135 36 146 163 59 136

136 41 163 164 60 136

TABLE XIII (Continued)

165 52 116 185 85 134

167 455 098 186 943 148 169 60 124 188 82 123

170 70 142 191 107 154

173 62 120 195 105 142

174 62 118 196 109 145

178 60 106 199 110 140

180 67 115 205 143 166

182 75 124 208 122 136

183 86 140 215 122 123

184 101 162 242 173 122

TABLE XIV Length-weight relationship and condition factor K(TL) of I natalis from Clear Creek

104 16 142 152 29 083

105 j 026 153 31 087

111 9 066 154 375 103

115 235 155 155 34 091

117 4 025 158 43 109

118 19 116 160 38 093

125 17 087 161 56 134

126 19 095 162 503 118

130 19 086 163 483 112

133 17 072 166 45 098

139 215 080 167 55 118

142 193 102 168 72 152

145 34 loll 169 57 118

147 303 095 170 54 110

148 29 089 172 56 110

149 25 076 173 71 137

150 393 117 174 47 089

151 47 140 175 64 120

TABLE XIV (Continued)

176 72 132 211 131 139

178 70 124 212 115 121

179 50 087 21 7 118 115

180 85 146 220 130 122

185 745 118 222 136 124

186 65 101 227 148 127

187 58 089 228 136 115

200 82 103 245 1973 134

202 123 149 250 195 125

~ ai 100 tf)

r 50__

to bull

bull -_

--shy ----- ----------shy---- I I I I I I I I I I I I I i---t

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 1~ 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

TOTAL LENGTH IN CENTIHETERS

-lFigure 8 Length-weight relationship of 79 I me1as captured from Clear Creek collecting JOshystations between 10 August 1971 and 26 November 1971

200middot

~~~ ~_

~----- bull 10 1

11 12 I

14 Imiddot

15 Imiddot

16 I -j

18 --middotmiddot-I--middot--middotmiddotjmiddot----1-------1---middot-middotI--middot---~----I-

19 20 21 22 23 24 25

TOTAL LENGTH IN CENTUfETERS

Figure 9 Length-weight relationship of 84 I me1as captured from Clear Creek collecting -J

stations between 10 August 1971 and 26 November 1971 V1

different age groups (Table XV) The condition factors for

1middot natalis however became progressively greater through

the age groups (Table XVI)

TABLE XV The values of the condition factor K(TL) for each age group of l melas captured from Clear Creek between 10 August 1971 and 26 November 1971

Age in Years Number of Fish K(TL)

1 34 138

2 26 115

3 18 142

4 1 122

TABLE XVI The values of the condition factor K(TL) for each age group of l natalis captured from Clear Creek between 10 August 1971 and 26 November 1971

1 17 092

2 54 110

3 9 126

4 4 132

CHAPTER IV

SUMMARY

1 A study of two sympatric species of bullheads

Ictalurus melas (Rafinesque) and Ictalurus natalis (Le

Sueur) was conducted from October 1970 to November

1971 A laboratory study was conducted on the Kansas

State Teachers College campus for determining the species

behavior ecology and interspecific relationships A

field study was conducted on Clear Creek a small stream

in west-central Lyon County to determine distribution

and growth data for the study species

2 I melas fed more readily in the aquarium I

natalis left their shelters much less than I melas I

melas often aggregated and rested with body contact I

natalis aggregated only when frightened and would othershy

wise allow no physical contact The large I natalis were

much more dominant over their populations and much biting

was observed Only one case of biting was observed for

I melas Sexual and care-giving behavior were observed

only with I melas 1 natalis were observed trying to

escape from the aquaria but no ~ melas made the attempt

3 Individual I natalis were the dominant fish in

the mixed populations Subordinate fish (of either species)

were physically damaged or chased away from the dominant

specimens shelter Two 1 melas were killed by a I

natalis of nearly equal size This same individual when

introduced into an already established population of I

melas became the dominant fish even though four of the

I melas were longer and heavier

4 The ecological conditions affected both species

the same The amount of light influenced activity The

fish were much more active when the overhead lights were

off The lights did not influence the bullheads when they

were hungry Changes in barometric pressure had no noticeshy

able effect upon the laboratory specimens Increased

activity was noticed when the water was turbid External

stimuli such as movement or vibrations always frightened

the study fish

5 Eighty-four 1 natalis and 79 1 melas were

captured at 30 of the 37 collecting stations between 18

August 1971 and 26 November 1971 1 natalis were captured

at 26 stations and I melas at 21

6 12 meters was the average depth of the four pools

where only 1 melas were captured The average depth for the

nine pools where only 1 natalis were captured was 07 meters

7 An almost equal number of specimen were captured

from pools with mud bottoms 1 natalis however were found

in 19 of the 29 pools and I melas in only 15 Thirty-five

I natalis were found in seven of the eight pools with

large rocks Only ten 1 melas were captured from five of

the eight pools No evidence was found to indicate a

preference by either species for the remaining bottom

types of Clear Creek

8 I natalis were more numerous than I melas at

four of the five recorded water velocities The one

velocity with more I natalis was the second slowest

Both species were most numerous at the same two velocities

The two velocities were the second and third slowest and

indicated a preference for a slow current

9 The type of bank did not noticeably influence

the number of bullheads in the pools Both species were

10 Both species showed a preference for the pools

with more then just a trace of aquatic flora ~ melas

were more numerous in all of the pools with coontail

(Ceratophyllum sp) but only I natalis were captured from

the three pools with a heavy growth of this plant species

11 Both of the study species were captured when the

daytime high was above l56degC ~ melas was captured more

frequently then 1 natalis above this temperature but the

reverse was true when it went below l56degC The same

results were recorded when the low temperature was below

44degC

12 Both species were captured on 57 per cent of the

days that the barometric pressure was falling and 39 per

cent of the days that it was steady I me1as however

were captured on more days when the barometric pressure

was rising More~ me1as were captured per day when the

reading was in the thirties The reverse was true for

the days with the barometric pressure in the twenties

13 There was no discernible pattern for the number

of either species captured at the different humidities

14 More I me1as than I nata1is were captured on

the days with only a trace or no precipitation I

nata1is however outnumbered I me1as for the days

with more than a trace of precipitation

15 Leeches were found on four specimens of I

nata1is No leeches or scars were observed on any

specimens of I me1as

16 Four age groups were obtained for each of the

two species I me1as attains a slightly greater length

at group I but I natalis is longer at age groups II and

III Age group IV was the same length for both species

17 I me1as had a normal frequency distribution

(number decreasing each year) but I nata1is had a high

age group II

18 Nineteen of the 79 I me1as and 12 of the 84 I

nata1is were recaptured Populations were estimated at

328 I me1as and 588 I nata1is

19 I nata1is weighed less then I me1as at years

I and II but was heavier at years III and IV

20 I melas had a higher condition factor than I

natalis The average for I melas was 131 and for I natalis 109 The condition factors for the age groups

of I melas did not follow any apparent pattern I

natalis however had condition factors that progressively

increased from group I through groups IV

LITERATURE CITED

Bailey RM 1956 A revised list of the fishes of Iowa with keys for identification p 327-377 In Iowa fish and fishing Iowa Conserve Comm bullbull Des Moines Iowa

Bardach John and Trudy Villars 1970 Three fleeing bullheads Natur Rist 79 36-41

Bowen Edith S 1931 The role of the sense organs in aggregations of Ameiurus me1as Eco1 Monogr 1 1-35

Breuke1man John 1966 What have I caught Forestry Fish and Game Commission Pratt Ks 36 p

______~------_ Thomas A Eddy and Emily L Hartman 1961 The FB and Rena G Ross Natural History Reservation Kansas School Naturalist 7(4) 1-16

Car1ander Kenneth D 1969 Handbook of freshwater fishery biology The Iowa State Univ Press Ames Iowa 752 p

Clarke Robert F John Breukelman and Ted F Andrews 1958 An annotated check list of the vertebrates of Lyon County Kansas Trans Kan Acad Sci 61(2) 165-194

Clay William M 1962 A field manual of Kentucky fishes Kentucky Dept of Fish and Wildlife Resources vii + 147 p

Cross FB 1967 Handbook of Fishes of Kansas University of Kansas 357 p

Darnell Reznest M and RB Meierotto mination of feeding chronology in fAmer Fish Soc 91(3) 313-320

1962 ishes

DetershyTrans

Dolan Tom 1960 Know your fish Sports Afield New York NY

Eddy Samuel 1957 How to know the freshwater fishes Wm C Brown Co Dubuque Iowa 253 p

1947 Northern fishes (Ref Ed) Univ Minn Press 276 p

Elkin Ronald E 1954 The fish population of two cutoff pools in Salt Creek Osage Country Oklahoma Proc Okla Acad Sci 35 25-29

Esterly Calvin O 1917 Specificity in behavior and the relation between habits in nature and reactions in the laboratory Univ of Calif Zoo 16(20) 381-392

Forney JL 1955 Life history of the black bullhead Ameiurus melas (Rafinesque) of Clear Lake Iowa Iowa St J Sci 30(1) 145-162

Hall Harry H 1934 An ecological study of the fishes of Mineral Lake Kansas Trans Kansas Acad Sci 37 225-233

Harms Clarence E 1960 Some parasites of catfish from Kansas Jour Parasit 46(6) 695-701

Hartman Emily L 1960 The FB and Rena G Ross Natural History Reservation The Emporia State Research Studies 8 (1) 40 p

Houser Alfred and C Collins 1962 Growth of black bullhead catfish in Oklahoma Okla Fish Res Lab Rep 79 18 p

Hubbs Carl L and AI Ortenburger 1929 Fishes collected in Oklahoma and Arkansas in 1927 Univ of Oklahoma Biological Survey 1(3) 47-112

and KF Lagler 1958 Fishes of the Great Lakes region (Second Ed) Bull Cranbrook Inst Sci 26 xiii + 213 p

Lagler Karl F 1956 Freshwater Biology Wm C Brown Co Dubuque Iowa 421 p

Langlois TH 1936 Length-weight relationships in Ohio State fish ponds Copeia 1936(2) 120 p

Larrabee Austin P 1926 An ecological study of the fishes of the Lake Okoboji region Univ of Iowa Studies XI(12) 14-15

Lewis William M 1949 The use of vertebrae as indicators of the age of the northern black bullhead Ameiurus ~ melas (Rafinesque) Is St J Sci 23(2) 209shy218

Metcalf AL 1959 Fishes of Chautauqua Cowley and Elk counties Kansas Univ Kansas Publ Mus Nat Hist 11(6) 345-400

Minckley WL 1959 Fishes of the Big Blue River basin Kansas University of Kansas Publications Museum of Natural History 11(7) 401-442

Rounsefell George A and WH Everhart 1953 Fishery science Its methods and applications John Wiley amp Sons Inc New York 444 p

Sandoz O 1960 A pre-impoundment study of Arbuckle Reservoir Rock Creek Murray County Oklahoma Okla Fish Res Lab Rep 77 28 p

Schoffman Robert J 1955 Age and rate of growth of the yellow bullhead in Reelfoot Lake Tennessee J Tenn Acad Sci 30(1) 4-7

Scott John P 1958 Animal behavior Univ of Chicago Press Chicago 281 p

Todd John H 1971 The chemical languages of fishes Scientific American 224 98-106

Toth Andre 1968 Ecto- and Endoparasites of the Black Bullhead (Ictalurus melas) in Lyon County Unpub masters thesis KSTC Emporia Kansas

Trautman MB 1957 The fishes of Ohio Ohio St Univ Press 683 p

Ulrey L C Risk and W Scott 1938 The number of eggs produced by some of our common freshwater fishes Invest Ind Lakes and Streams 1(6) 73-78

Lohmeyer 1972

Lohmeyer 1972 pt2

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

I would like to express my appreciation to Dr Robert

J Boles for his supervision and constructive criticism

and to Drs Robert F Clarke and Thomas A Eddy for their

reading of the manuscript and suggestions for improvement

I also would like to thank those farmers who allowed

me to capture specimens from their waters I am especially

grateful to my wife Linda for her support and typing of

the manuscript

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER PAGE

I INTRODUCTION bull

IV SUMMARY 78

LIST OF TABLES

TABLE PAGE

LIST OF FIGLES

FIGURE PAGE

SBFUI r

Literature Review

coexisting

CHAPTER II

Laboratory Study

Scott (1958)

specimens

Field Study

c co -IN (J~r

I 2I ( -8

I ))LLshy

-shy t3

r Iq Ls1ij

~Gf6 I II~ ~~~~ r t- rIq ~ )_n

==- ~ w ~

11 J5-~~ f-- ~ 1 0y-- 0lt0

O~~ 7 I 0

I J53 y~d-~ I l~ ~

~~__- J ( ltAd (

1 Jf 3i~3C) 3( ~oI

J1 ~ ~

were as follows

KSTC inward

distribution curve

5K(TL) VI 103

L = length in mID

of K near unity

CHAPTER III

Species Behavior

Ingestive Behavior

substance

Agonistic Behavior

Sexual Behavior

on 27 July 1971

to shift also

the aquarium

the subject

then spit out

Escape Behavior

the front glass

I me1as

Field Study

for 1 natalis

31761 m bull

11 5 3

12 4 3

13 3 5

18 1 2

19 3 3

TABLE I (Continued)

20 4 4

27 3 14

30 ~ 2

32 1 1

33 3 4

34 1 2

37 4 1

1 30 2 05 300

2 10 2 04 80

3 65 4 04 1040

4 30 3 06 540

5 15 2 05 150

6 70 4 12 3360

7 20 3 12 720

8 30 2 05 150

9 65 5 20 6500

10 10 3 08 240

11 60 3 09 1620

12 20 15 15 4500

13 50 4 08 1600

14 50 3 08 1200

15 40 8 08 2560

16 40 4 09 1440

17 25 15 20 7500

18 10 2 08 160

Station Length m

Width m

Depth m

Area m3

19 15 3 15 675

20 10 3 10 300

21 40 4 15 2400

22 2 2 05 20

23 15 5 10 750

24 60 4 08 1920

25 20 4 08 640

26 100 5 05 2500

27 5 3 04 60

28 5 3 04 60

29 20 2 04 160

30 35 4 10 1400

31 60 4 12 2880

32 40 4 15 4200

33 25 7 10 1500

34 12 5 10 600

35 bull 80 7 15 8400

36 45 5 12 2700

37 40 2 04 320

vegetation

a mean of 50degC

collecting stations

I melas only 15

10 mud and gravel

16 rock

17 mud and silt

27 mud and gravel

29 mud and gravel

33 mud and debri

ing station

than I melas

13 (08

26 lt08

32 (08

35 (08

08 14 8

08 30 47

13 41 35

17 14 10

25 1 0

collecting station

for I melas

station

1 dirt

2 X dirt and tree

3 X dirt and tree

4 dirt

5 dirt

6 dirt

7 X dirt and tree

8 X dirt

11 X dirt and tree

12 dirt

13 dirt

14 X dirt and tree

15 X dirt

17 dirt

19 X dirt

20 dirt and grass

22 X dirt and grass

24 X dirt and grass

25 dirt

28 X dirt and grass

1 none

2 filamentous algae

3 filamentous algae

4 filamentous algae

5 filamentous algae

8 filamentous algae

13 coontail

14 coontail

15 coontail

17 coontail

different pools

collecting days

August

10 278 200 2997 Down 52

11 31 7 200 3008 Steady 35

12 328 167 2999 Steady 48

13 31 7 200 3002 Steady 20

14 333 178 3009 Up 28

16 ---shy 183 3019 Down 59

17 31 7 150 3013 Down 45

18 311 156 3002 Down 45

19 317 226 3005 Down 37

20 333 200 3003 Down 32

21 333 206 2993 Steady 63

23 ---shy 189 2992 Down 54

24 333 217 3004 Steady 43 co

26 361 178 3005 Up 47

27 333 156 3011 Down 49

30 ---shy 128 3010 Down 46

31 294 133 3003 Down 42

September

1 300 172 2995 Steady 41

3 333 206 2983 Down 52

4 328 244 29~83 Down 70

7 ---shy 21 7 2994 Down 54

8 339 228 2995 Down SO

9 367 161 3000 Down 49

10 350 183 2995 Down 46

13 ---shy 150 2995 Down 38

14 31 7 189 2971 Steady 37 ~ 0

15 322 156 3003 Down 36

16 300 83 3006 Steady 47

17 222 11 7 3028 Down 41 Trace

21 ---- 50 3022 Down 16

22 222 106 3020 Down 57 Trace

23 228 89 3040 Down 44

24 211 106 3026 Down 70

25 189 133 2996 Steady 87 90

27 ---- 211 2976 Down 42

28 306 211 2990 Up 57

29 322 200 2999 Down 53

30 294 200 2992 Down 50

October

1 3U6 194 2989 Down 56

2 294 167 2991 Up 81 08

4 ---- 67 3012 Down 25

5 228 100 3015 Steady 29

6 267 83 3023 Down 44

7 283 122 3004 Down 36

8 267 139 3008 Steady 37

9 306 33 3018 Steady 43

11 ---- 100 3001 Down 23

12 250 67 2983 Down 23

13 244 67 3004 Down 40

14 300 89 2984 Steady 40

15 211 11 2987 Down 54 In

16 272 161 2998 Down 90

18 ---shy 172 2981 Steady tJ7 31

19 250 100 3001 Steady 53 33

20 172 11 3002 Down 93 26

21 139 122 3019 Down 87

22 144 11 7 3008 Steady 66

23 150 11 7 3009 Steady 88

25 ---shy 89 2999 Steady 75

26 206 144 2972 Down 73

27 244 111 2965 Up 50 04

November

3 194 -06 3031 Down 34

4 167 28 3004 Down 33

8 ---shy -06 3007 Down 76 14 VI N

9 61 11 3032 Down 38

10 56 22 3015 Down 22

11 144 00 3014 Down 22

12 183 78 2984 Down 38

15 ---- 122 3005 Down 59

16 239 128 3005 Down 93 22

17 233 122 2977 Down 70

18 156 28 3005 Up 73 Trace

19 189 -33 3006 Down 41

20 77 44 2989 Steady 30

22 ---- -38 3013 Down 82

23 67 -11 3013 Down 82 Snow-40

24 22 -17 3025 Down 89

humidities

precipitation

unknown) attached

groups II and IV

GRowrH

melas ---shy

-_~~~-~-

L nata1is

_ ___ __~-- 1LV ------t- ----~-------- -- shy -I -----------f---------t-------~-- ------~~- -I

~ j 12

9 ti Cf)

~ 5 ~ 4

100 150

H U ~ p (I)

20 ~ 0

~ ~ rQ

I II III

AGE IN YEARS IV

2S v ~ p ]

30 ~ 0 T ~ ~

sect i

Absolute Growth

IX and X

I 128 294

II 164 513

III 192 1008

IV 242 1730

I 122 169

II 162 476

III 217 1280

IV 246 1968

1 melas

I natalis

AGE IN YEARS

1StII I

51 I r

r4 ~ H

~ HZ ~ u Z H

c H o Z ~ I

----__-_

1 y bull --shy

AGE IN YEARS

I natalis

150J UJ

~ cr Z H

Eo-ltr 0shyH

~ 100 ~

II I melasI

102 1 130 141 1 450

110 2 145 144 1 330

114 1 170 145 1 380

115 1 50 146 1 290

11 7 2 245 149 1 450

118 1 330 151 2 375

121 1 340 153 2 395

123 1 270 150 1 450

124 1 270 157 2 390

125 4 245 158 1 320

126 3 327 160 1 400

129 1 330 161 2 530

130 1 300 162 1 580

131 2 350 163 2 590

134 2 235 164 1 600

135 2 360 165 2 520

136 1 410 167 2 455

137 1 450 169 1 600

138 1 430 170 1 700

173 1 620 188 1 820

174 1 620 191 1 1070

178 1 600 195 2 1050

180 2 670 196 1 1090

182 1 750 199 1 1100

183 1 860 205 1 1430

184 1 1010 208 1 1220

185 2 850 215 1 1220

186 4 943 242 1 1730

104 1 160 154 2 375

105 1 30 155 1 340

111 1 90 158 2 430

115 2 235 160 1 380

11 7 1 40 161 1 560

118 2 190 162 3 503

125 2 170 163 3 483

126 1 190 166 1 450

130 3 190 167 1 550

133 1 170 168 1 720

139 2 215 169 1 570

142 3 293 170 2 540

145 3 340 172 1 560

147 3 303 173 1 710

148 1 290 174 1 470

149 1 250 175 2 640

150 3 393 176 1 720

151 3 470 178 1 700

152 2 290 179 1 500

153 2 310 180 1 850

185 2 745 217 1 1180

186 1 650 220 1 1300

187 1 580 222 1 1360

200 1 820 227 1 1480

202 1 1230 228 1 1360

211 1 1310 245 3 1973

212 2 1150 250 1 1950

I me1as log W ~ -29533 + 37974 log L

Condition Factor

102 13 123 137 45 1 75

110 245 109 138 43 164

114 17 115 141 45 161

115 5 033 144 33 loll

11 7 245 103 145 38 125

118 33 201 146 29 093

121 34 192 149 45 136

123 27 145 151 375 109

124 27 142 153 395 loll

125 245 126 156 45 119

126 326 163 157 39 101

129 33 154 158 32 081

130 30 137 160 40 098

131 35 156 161 53 128

134 235 098 162 58 136

135 36 146 163 59 136

136 41 163 164 60 136

165 52 116 185 85 134

167 455 098 186 943 148 169 60 124 188 82 123

170 70 142 191 107 154

173 62 120 195 105 142

174 62 118 196 109 145

178 60 106 199 110 140

180 67 115 205 143 166

182 75 124 208 122 136

183 86 140 215 122 123

184 101 162 242 173 122

104 16 142 152 29 083

105 j 026 153 31 087

111 9 066 154 375 103

115 235 155 155 34 091

117 4 025 158 43 109

118 19 116 160 38 093

125 17 087 161 56 134

126 19 095 162 503 118

130 19 086 163 483 112

133 17 072 166 45 098

139 215 080 167 55 118

142 193 102 168 72 152

145 34 loll 169 57 118

147 303 095 170 54 110

148 29 089 172 56 110

149 25 076 173 71 137

150 393 117 174 47 089

151 47 140 175 64 120

176 72 132 211 131 139

178 70 124 212 115 121

179 50 087 21 7 118 115

180 85 146 220 130 122

185 745 118 222 136 124

186 65 101 227 148 127

187 58 089 228 136 115

200 82 103 245 1973 134

202 123 149 250 195 125

~ ai 100 tf)

r 50__

to bull

bull -_

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 1~ 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

200middot

~~~ ~_

~----- bull 10 1

11 12 I

14 Imiddot

15 Imiddot

16 I -j

19 20 21 22 23 24 25

1 34 138

2 26 115

3 18 142

4 1 122

1 17 092

2 54 110

3 9 126

4 4 132

CHAPTER IV

SUMMARY

the study fish

44degC

age group II

LITERATURE CITED

1962 ishes

DetershyTrans

Lohmeyer 1972

Lohmeyer 1972 pt2

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER PAGE

I INTRODUCTION bull

IV SUMMARY 78

LIST OF TABLES

TABLE PAGE

LIST OF FIGLES

FIGURE PAGE

SBFUI r

Literature Review

coexisting

CHAPTER II

Laboratory Study

Scott (1958)

specimens

Field Study

c co -IN (J~r

I 2I ( -8

I ))LLshy

-shy t3

r Iq Ls1ij

~Gf6 I II~ ~~~~ r t- rIq ~ )_n

==- ~ w ~

11 J5-~~ f-- ~ 1 0y-- 0lt0

O~~ 7 I 0

I J53 y~d-~ I l~ ~

~~__- J ( ltAd (

1 Jf 3i~3C) 3( ~oI

J1 ~ ~

were as follows

KSTC inward

distribution curve

5K(TL) VI 103

L = length in mID

of K near unity

CHAPTER III

Species Behavior

Ingestive Behavior

substance

Agonistic Behavior

Sexual Behavior

on 27 July 1971

to shift also

the aquarium

the subject

then spit out

Escape Behavior

the front glass

I me1as

Field Study

for 1 natalis

31761 m bull

11 5 3

12 4 3

13 3 5

18 1 2

19 3 3

TABLE I (Continued)

20 4 4

27 3 14

30 ~ 2

32 1 1

33 3 4

34 1 2

37 4 1

1 30 2 05 300

2 10 2 04 80

3 65 4 04 1040

4 30 3 06 540

5 15 2 05 150

6 70 4 12 3360

7 20 3 12 720

8 30 2 05 150

9 65 5 20 6500

10 10 3 08 240

11 60 3 09 1620

12 20 15 15 4500

13 50 4 08 1600

14 50 3 08 1200

15 40 8 08 2560

16 40 4 09 1440

17 25 15 20 7500

18 10 2 08 160

Station Length m

Width m

Depth m

Area m3

19 15 3 15 675

20 10 3 10 300

21 40 4 15 2400

22 2 2 05 20

23 15 5 10 750

24 60 4 08 1920

25 20 4 08 640

26 100 5 05 2500

27 5 3 04 60

28 5 3 04 60

29 20 2 04 160

30 35 4 10 1400

31 60 4 12 2880

32 40 4 15 4200

33 25 7 10 1500

34 12 5 10 600

35 bull 80 7 15 8400

36 45 5 12 2700

37 40 2 04 320

vegetation

a mean of 50degC

collecting stations

I melas only 15

10 mud and gravel

16 rock

17 mud and silt

27 mud and gravel

29 mud and gravel

33 mud and debri

ing station

than I melas

13 (08

26 lt08

32 (08

35 (08

08 14 8

08 30 47

13 41 35

17 14 10

25 1 0

collecting station

for I melas

station

1 dirt

2 X dirt and tree

3 X dirt and tree

4 dirt

5 dirt

6 dirt

7 X dirt and tree

8 X dirt

11 X dirt and tree

12 dirt

13 dirt

14 X dirt and tree

15 X dirt

17 dirt

19 X dirt

20 dirt and grass

22 X dirt and grass

24 X dirt and grass

25 dirt

28 X dirt and grass

1 none

2 filamentous algae

3 filamentous algae

4 filamentous algae

5 filamentous algae

8 filamentous algae

13 coontail

14 coontail

15 coontail

17 coontail

different pools

collecting days

August

10 278 200 2997 Down 52

11 31 7 200 3008 Steady 35

12 328 167 2999 Steady 48

13 31 7 200 3002 Steady 20

14 333 178 3009 Up 28

16 ---shy 183 3019 Down 59

17 31 7 150 3013 Down 45

18 311 156 3002 Down 45

19 317 226 3005 Down 37

20 333 200 3003 Down 32

21 333 206 2993 Steady 63

23 ---shy 189 2992 Down 54

24 333 217 3004 Steady 43 co

26 361 178 3005 Up 47

27 333 156 3011 Down 49

30 ---shy 128 3010 Down 46

31 294 133 3003 Down 42

September

1 300 172 2995 Steady 41

3 333 206 2983 Down 52

4 328 244 29~83 Down 70

7 ---shy 21 7 2994 Down 54

8 339 228 2995 Down SO

9 367 161 3000 Down 49

10 350 183 2995 Down 46

13 ---shy 150 2995 Down 38

14 31 7 189 2971 Steady 37 ~ 0

15 322 156 3003 Down 36

16 300 83 3006 Steady 47

17 222 11 7 3028 Down 41 Trace

21 ---- 50 3022 Down 16

22 222 106 3020 Down 57 Trace

23 228 89 3040 Down 44

24 211 106 3026 Down 70

25 189 133 2996 Steady 87 90

27 ---- 211 2976 Down 42

28 306 211 2990 Up 57

29 322 200 2999 Down 53

30 294 200 2992 Down 50

October

1 3U6 194 2989 Down 56

2 294 167 2991 Up 81 08

4 ---- 67 3012 Down 25

5 228 100 3015 Steady 29

6 267 83 3023 Down 44

7 283 122 3004 Down 36

8 267 139 3008 Steady 37

9 306 33 3018 Steady 43

11 ---- 100 3001 Down 23

12 250 67 2983 Down 23

13 244 67 3004 Down 40

14 300 89 2984 Steady 40

15 211 11 2987 Down 54 In

16 272 161 2998 Down 90

18 ---shy 172 2981 Steady tJ7 31

19 250 100 3001 Steady 53 33

20 172 11 3002 Down 93 26

21 139 122 3019 Down 87

22 144 11 7 3008 Steady 66

23 150 11 7 3009 Steady 88

25 ---shy 89 2999 Steady 75

26 206 144 2972 Down 73

27 244 111 2965 Up 50 04

November

3 194 -06 3031 Down 34

4 167 28 3004 Down 33

8 ---shy -06 3007 Down 76 14 VI N

9 61 11 3032 Down 38

10 56 22 3015 Down 22

11 144 00 3014 Down 22

12 183 78 2984 Down 38

15 ---- 122 3005 Down 59

16 239 128 3005 Down 93 22

17 233 122 2977 Down 70

18 156 28 3005 Up 73 Trace

19 189 -33 3006 Down 41

20 77 44 2989 Steady 30

22 ---- -38 3013 Down 82

23 67 -11 3013 Down 82 Snow-40

24 22 -17 3025 Down 89

humidities

precipitation

unknown) attached

groups II and IV

GRowrH

melas ---shy

-_~~~-~-

L nata1is

_ ___ __~-- 1LV ------t- ----~-------- -- shy -I -----------f---------t-------~-- ------~~- -I

~ j 12

9 ti Cf)

~ 5 ~ 4

100 150

H U ~ p (I)

20 ~ 0

~ ~ rQ

I II III

AGE IN YEARS IV

2S v ~ p ]

30 ~ 0 T ~ ~

sect i

Absolute Growth

IX and X

I 128 294

II 164 513

III 192 1008

IV 242 1730

I 122 169

II 162 476

III 217 1280

IV 246 1968

1 melas

I natalis

AGE IN YEARS

1StII I

51 I r

r4 ~ H

~ HZ ~ u Z H

c H o Z ~ I

----__-_

1 y bull --shy

AGE IN YEARS

I natalis

150J UJ

~ cr Z H

Eo-ltr 0shyH

~ 100 ~

II I melasI

102 1 130 141 1 450

110 2 145 144 1 330

114 1 170 145 1 380

115 1 50 146 1 290

11 7 2 245 149 1 450

118 1 330 151 2 375

121 1 340 153 2 395

123 1 270 150 1 450

124 1 270 157 2 390

125 4 245 158 1 320

126 3 327 160 1 400

129 1 330 161 2 530

130 1 300 162 1 580

131 2 350 163 2 590

134 2 235 164 1 600

135 2 360 165 2 520

136 1 410 167 2 455

137 1 450 169 1 600

138 1 430 170 1 700

173 1 620 188 1 820

174 1 620 191 1 1070

178 1 600 195 2 1050

180 2 670 196 1 1090

182 1 750 199 1 1100

183 1 860 205 1 1430

184 1 1010 208 1 1220

185 2 850 215 1 1220

186 4 943 242 1 1730

104 1 160 154 2 375

105 1 30 155 1 340

111 1 90 158 2 430

115 2 235 160 1 380

11 7 1 40 161 1 560

118 2 190 162 3 503

125 2 170 163 3 483

126 1 190 166 1 450

130 3 190 167 1 550

133 1 170 168 1 720

139 2 215 169 1 570

142 3 293 170 2 540

145 3 340 172 1 560

147 3 303 173 1 710

148 1 290 174 1 470

149 1 250 175 2 640

150 3 393 176 1 720

151 3 470 178 1 700

152 2 290 179 1 500

153 2 310 180 1 850

185 2 745 217 1 1180

186 1 650 220 1 1300

187 1 580 222 1 1360

200 1 820 227 1 1480

202 1 1230 228 1 1360

211 1 1310 245 3 1973

212 2 1150 250 1 1950

I me1as log W ~ -29533 + 37974 log L

Condition Factor

102 13 123 137 45 1 75

110 245 109 138 43 164

114 17 115 141 45 161

115 5 033 144 33 loll

11 7 245 103 145 38 125

118 33 201 146 29 093

121 34 192 149 45 136

123 27 145 151 375 109

124 27 142 153 395 loll

125 245 126 156 45 119

126 326 163 157 39 101

129 33 154 158 32 081

130 30 137 160 40 098

131 35 156 161 53 128

134 235 098 162 58 136

135 36 146 163 59 136

136 41 163 164 60 136

165 52 116 185 85 134

167 455 098 186 943 148 169 60 124 188 82 123

170 70 142 191 107 154

173 62 120 195 105 142

174 62 118 196 109 145

178 60 106 199 110 140

180 67 115 205 143 166

182 75 124 208 122 136

183 86 140 215 122 123

184 101 162 242 173 122

104 16 142 152 29 083

105 j 026 153 31 087

111 9 066 154 375 103

115 235 155 155 34 091

117 4 025 158 43 109

118 19 116 160 38 093

125 17 087 161 56 134

126 19 095 162 503 118

130 19 086 163 483 112

133 17 072 166 45 098

139 215 080 167 55 118

142 193 102 168 72 152

145 34 loll 169 57 118

147 303 095 170 54 110

148 29 089 172 56 110

149 25 076 173 71 137

150 393 117 174 47 089

151 47 140 175 64 120

176 72 132 211 131 139

178 70 124 212 115 121

179 50 087 21 7 118 115

180 85 146 220 130 122

185 745 118 222 136 124

186 65 101 227 148 127

187 58 089 228 136 115

200 82 103 245 1973 134

202 123 149 250 195 125

~ ai 100 tf)

r 50__

to bull

bull -_

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 1~ 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

200middot

~~~ ~_

~----- bull 10 1

11 12 I

14 Imiddot

15 Imiddot

16 I -j

19 20 21 22 23 24 25

1 34 138

2 26 115

3 18 142

4 1 122

1 17 092

2 54 110

3 9 126

4 4 132

CHAPTER IV

SUMMARY

the study fish

44degC

age group II

LITERATURE CITED

1962 ishes

DetershyTrans

Lohmeyer 1972

Lohmeyer 1972 pt2

LIST OF TABLES

TABLE PAGE

LIST OF FIGLES

FIGURE PAGE

SBFUI r

Literature Review

coexisting

CHAPTER II

Laboratory Study

Scott (1958)

specimens

Field Study

c co -IN (J~r

I 2I ( -8

I ))LLshy

-shy t3

r Iq Ls1ij

~Gf6 I II~ ~~~~ r t- rIq ~ )_n

==- ~ w ~

11 J5-~~ f-- ~ 1 0y-- 0lt0

O~~ 7 I 0

I J53 y~d-~ I l~ ~

~~__- J ( ltAd (

1 Jf 3i~3C) 3( ~oI

J1 ~ ~

were as follows

KSTC inward

distribution curve

5K(TL) VI 103

L = length in mID

of K near unity

CHAPTER III

Species Behavior

Ingestive Behavior

substance

Agonistic Behavior

Sexual Behavior

on 27 July 1971

to shift also

the aquarium

the subject

then spit out

Escape Behavior

the front glass

I me1as

Field Study

for 1 natalis

31761 m bull

11 5 3

12 4 3

13 3 5

18 1 2

19 3 3

TABLE I (Continued)

20 4 4

27 3 14

30 ~ 2

32 1 1

33 3 4

34 1 2

37 4 1

1 30 2 05 300

2 10 2 04 80

3 65 4 04 1040

4 30 3 06 540

5 15 2 05 150

6 70 4 12 3360

7 20 3 12 720

8 30 2 05 150

9 65 5 20 6500

10 10 3 08 240

11 60 3 09 1620

12 20 15 15 4500

13 50 4 08 1600

14 50 3 08 1200

15 40 8 08 2560

16 40 4 09 1440

17 25 15 20 7500

18 10 2 08 160

Station Length m

Width m

Depth m

Area m3

19 15 3 15 675

20 10 3 10 300

21 40 4 15 2400

22 2 2 05 20

23 15 5 10 750

24 60 4 08 1920

25 20 4 08 640

26 100 5 05 2500

27 5 3 04 60

28 5 3 04 60

29 20 2 04 160

30 35 4 10 1400

31 60 4 12 2880

32 40 4 15 4200

33 25 7 10 1500

34 12 5 10 600

35 bull 80 7 15 8400

36 45 5 12 2700

37 40 2 04 320

vegetation

a mean of 50degC

collecting stations

I melas only 15

10 mud and gravel

16 rock

17 mud and silt

27 mud and gravel

29 mud and gravel

33 mud and debri

ing station

than I melas

13 (08

26 lt08

32 (08

35 (08

08 14 8

08 30 47

13 41 35

17 14 10

25 1 0

collecting station

for I melas

station

1 dirt

2 X dirt and tree

3 X dirt and tree

4 dirt

5 dirt

6 dirt

7 X dirt and tree

8 X dirt

11 X dirt and tree

12 dirt

13 dirt

14 X dirt and tree

15 X dirt

17 dirt

19 X dirt

20 dirt and grass

22 X dirt and grass

24 X dirt and grass

25 dirt

28 X dirt and grass

1 none

2 filamentous algae

3 filamentous algae

4 filamentous algae

5 filamentous algae

8 filamentous algae

13 coontail

14 coontail

15 coontail

17 coontail

different pools

collecting days

August

10 278 200 2997 Down 52

11 31 7 200 3008 Steady 35

12 328 167 2999 Steady 48

13 31 7 200 3002 Steady 20

14 333 178 3009 Up 28

16 ---shy 183 3019 Down 59

17 31 7 150 3013 Down 45

18 311 156 3002 Down 45

19 317 226 3005 Down 37

20 333 200 3003 Down 32

21 333 206 2993 Steady 63

23 ---shy 189 2992 Down 54

24 333 217 3004 Steady 43 co

26 361 178 3005 Up 47

27 333 156 3011 Down 49

30 ---shy 128 3010 Down 46

31 294 133 3003 Down 42

September

1 300 172 2995 Steady 41

3 333 206 2983 Down 52

4 328 244 29~83 Down 70

7 ---shy 21 7 2994 Down 54

8 339 228 2995 Down SO

9 367 161 3000 Down 49

10 350 183 2995 Down 46

13 ---shy 150 2995 Down 38

14 31 7 189 2971 Steady 37 ~ 0

15 322 156 3003 Down 36

16 300 83 3006 Steady 47

17 222 11 7 3028 Down 41 Trace

21 ---- 50 3022 Down 16

22 222 106 3020 Down 57 Trace

23 228 89 3040 Down 44

24 211 106 3026 Down 70

25 189 133 2996 Steady 87 90

27 ---- 211 2976 Down 42

28 306 211 2990 Up 57

29 322 200 2999 Down 53

30 294 200 2992 Down 50

October

1 3U6 194 2989 Down 56

2 294 167 2991 Up 81 08

4 ---- 67 3012 Down 25

5 228 100 3015 Steady 29

6 267 83 3023 Down 44

7 283 122 3004 Down 36

8 267 139 3008 Steady 37

9 306 33 3018 Steady 43

11 ---- 100 3001 Down 23

12 250 67 2983 Down 23

13 244 67 3004 Down 40

14 300 89 2984 Steady 40

15 211 11 2987 Down 54 In

16 272 161 2998 Down 90

18 ---shy 172 2981 Steady tJ7 31

19 250 100 3001 Steady 53 33

20 172 11 3002 Down 93 26

21 139 122 3019 Down 87

22 144 11 7 3008 Steady 66

23 150 11 7 3009 Steady 88

25 ---shy 89 2999 Steady 75

26 206 144 2972 Down 73

27 244 111 2965 Up 50 04

November

3 194 -06 3031 Down 34

4 167 28 3004 Down 33

8 ---shy -06 3007 Down 76 14 VI N

9 61 11 3032 Down 38

10 56 22 3015 Down 22

11 144 00 3014 Down 22

12 183 78 2984 Down 38

15 ---- 122 3005 Down 59

16 239 128 3005 Down 93 22

17 233 122 2977 Down 70

18 156 28 3005 Up 73 Trace

19 189 -33 3006 Down 41

20 77 44 2989 Steady 30

22 ---- -38 3013 Down 82

23 67 -11 3013 Down 82 Snow-40

24 22 -17 3025 Down 89

humidities

precipitation

unknown) attached

groups II and IV

GRowrH

melas ---shy

-_~~~-~-

L nata1is

_ ___ __~-- 1LV ------t- ----~-------- -- shy -I -----------f---------t-------~-- ------~~- -I

~ j 12

9 ti Cf)

~ 5 ~ 4

100 150

H U ~ p (I)

20 ~ 0

~ ~ rQ

I II III

AGE IN YEARS IV

2S v ~ p ]

30 ~ 0 T ~ ~

sect i

Absolute Growth

IX and X

I 128 294

II 164 513

III 192 1008

IV 242 1730

I 122 169

II 162 476

III 217 1280

IV 246 1968

1 melas

I natalis

AGE IN YEARS

1StII I

51 I r

r4 ~ H

~ HZ ~ u Z H

c H o Z ~ I

----__-_

1 y bull --shy

AGE IN YEARS

I natalis

150J UJ

~ cr Z H

Eo-ltr 0shyH

~ 100 ~

II I melasI

102 1 130 141 1 450

110 2 145 144 1 330

114 1 170 145 1 380

115 1 50 146 1 290

11 7 2 245 149 1 450

118 1 330 151 2 375

121 1 340 153 2 395

123 1 270 150 1 450

124 1 270 157 2 390

125 4 245 158 1 320

126 3 327 160 1 400

129 1 330 161 2 530

130 1 300 162 1 580

131 2 350 163 2 590

134 2 235 164 1 600

135 2 360 165 2 520

136 1 410 167 2 455

137 1 450 169 1 600

138 1 430 170 1 700

173 1 620 188 1 820

174 1 620 191 1 1070

178 1 600 195 2 1050

180 2 670 196 1 1090

182 1 750 199 1 1100

183 1 860 205 1 1430

184 1 1010 208 1 1220

185 2 850 215 1 1220

186 4 943 242 1 1730

104 1 160 154 2 375

105 1 30 155 1 340

111 1 90 158 2 430

115 2 235 160 1 380

11 7 1 40 161 1 560

118 2 190 162 3 503

125 2 170 163 3 483

126 1 190 166 1 450

130 3 190 167 1 550

133 1 170 168 1 720

139 2 215 169 1 570

142 3 293 170 2 540

145 3 340 172 1 560

147 3 303 173 1 710

148 1 290 174 1 470

149 1 250 175 2 640

150 3 393 176 1 720

151 3 470 178 1 700

152 2 290 179 1 500

153 2 310 180 1 850

185 2 745 217 1 1180

186 1 650 220 1 1300

187 1 580 222 1 1360

200 1 820 227 1 1480

202 1 1230 228 1 1360

211 1 1310 245 3 1973

212 2 1150 250 1 1950

I me1as log W ~ -29533 + 37974 log L

Condition Factor

102 13 123 137 45 1 75

110 245 109 138 43 164

114 17 115 141 45 161

115 5 033 144 33 loll

11 7 245 103 145 38 125

118 33 201 146 29 093

121 34 192 149 45 136

123 27 145 151 375 109

124 27 142 153 395 loll

125 245 126 156 45 119

126 326 163 157 39 101

129 33 154 158 32 081

130 30 137 160 40 098

131 35 156 161 53 128

134 235 098 162 58 136

135 36 146 163 59 136

136 41 163 164 60 136

165 52 116 185 85 134

167 455 098 186 943 148 169 60 124 188 82 123

170 70 142 191 107 154

173 62 120 195 105 142

174 62 118 196 109 145

178 60 106 199 110 140

180 67 115 205 143 166

182 75 124 208 122 136

183 86 140 215 122 123

184 101 162 242 173 122

104 16 142 152 29 083

105 j 026 153 31 087

111 9 066 154 375 103

115 235 155 155 34 091

117 4 025 158 43 109

118 19 116 160 38 093

125 17 087 161 56 134

126 19 095 162 503 118

130 19 086 163 483 112

133 17 072 166 45 098

139 215 080 167 55 118

142 193 102 168 72 152

145 34 loll 169 57 118

147 303 095 170 54 110

148 29 089 172 56 110

149 25 076 173 71 137

150 393 117 174 47 089

151 47 140 175 64 120

176 72 132 211 131 139

178 70 124 212 115 121

179 50 087 21 7 118 115

180 85 146 220 130 122

185 745 118 222 136 124

186 65 101 227 148 127

187 58 089 228 136 115

200 82 103 245 1973 134

202 123 149 250 195 125

~ ai 100 tf)

r 50__

to bull

bull -_

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 1~ 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

200middot

~~~ ~_

~----- bull 10 1

11 12 I

14 Imiddot

15 Imiddot

16 I -j

19 20 21 22 23 24 25

1 34 138

2 26 115

3 18 142

4 1 122

1 17 092

2 54 110

3 9 126

4 4 132

CHAPTER IV

SUMMARY

the study fish

44degC

age group II

LITERATURE CITED

1962 ishes

DetershyTrans

Lohmeyer 1972

Lohmeyer 1972 pt2

TABLE PAGE

LIST OF FIGLES

FIGURE PAGE

SBFUI r

Literature Review

coexisting

CHAPTER II

Laboratory Study

Scott (1958)

specimens

Field Study

c co -IN (J~r

I 2I ( -8

I ))LLshy

-shy t3

r Iq Ls1ij

~Gf6 I II~ ~~~~ r t- rIq ~ )_n

==- ~ w ~

11 J5-~~ f-- ~ 1 0y-- 0lt0

O~~ 7 I 0

I J53 y~d-~ I l~ ~

~~__- J ( ltAd (

1 Jf 3i~3C) 3( ~oI

J1 ~ ~

were as follows

KSTC inward

distribution curve

5K(TL) VI 103

L = length in mID

of K near unity

CHAPTER III

Species Behavior

Ingestive Behavior

substance

Agonistic Behavior

Sexual Behavior

on 27 July 1971

to shift also

the aquarium

the subject

then spit out

Escape Behavior

the front glass

I me1as

Field Study

for 1 natalis

31761 m bull

11 5 3

12 4 3

13 3 5

18 1 2

19 3 3

TABLE I (Continued)

20 4 4

27 3 14

30 ~ 2

32 1 1

33 3 4

34 1 2

37 4 1

1 30 2 05 300

2 10 2 04 80

3 65 4 04 1040

4 30 3 06 540

5 15 2 05 150

6 70 4 12 3360

7 20 3 12 720

8 30 2 05 150

9 65 5 20 6500

10 10 3 08 240

11 60 3 09 1620

12 20 15 15 4500

13 50 4 08 1600

14 50 3 08 1200

15 40 8 08 2560

16 40 4 09 1440

17 25 15 20 7500

18 10 2 08 160

Station Length m

Width m

Depth m

Area m3

19 15 3 15 675

20 10 3 10 300

21 40 4 15 2400

22 2 2 05 20

23 15 5 10 750

24 60 4 08 1920

25 20 4 08 640

26 100 5 05 2500

27 5 3 04 60

28 5 3 04 60

29 20 2 04 160

30 35 4 10 1400

31 60 4 12 2880

32 40 4 15 4200

33 25 7 10 1500

34 12 5 10 600

35 bull 80 7 15 8400

36 45 5 12 2700

37 40 2 04 320

vegetation

a mean of 50degC

collecting stations

I melas only 15

10 mud and gravel

16 rock

17 mud and silt

27 mud and gravel

29 mud and gravel

33 mud and debri

ing station

than I melas

13 (08

26 lt08

32 (08

35 (08

08 14 8

08 30 47

13 41 35

17 14 10

25 1 0

collecting station

for I melas

station

1 dirt

2 X dirt and tree

3 X dirt and tree

4 dirt

5 dirt

6 dirt

7 X dirt and tree

8 X dirt

11 X dirt and tree

12 dirt

13 dirt

14 X dirt and tree

15 X dirt

17 dirt

19 X dirt

20 dirt and grass

22 X dirt and grass

24 X dirt and grass

25 dirt

28 X dirt and grass

1 none

2 filamentous algae

3 filamentous algae

4 filamentous algae

5 filamentous algae

8 filamentous algae

13 coontail

14 coontail

15 coontail

17 coontail

different pools

collecting days

August

10 278 200 2997 Down 52

11 31 7 200 3008 Steady 35

12 328 167 2999 Steady 48

13 31 7 200 3002 Steady 20

14 333 178 3009 Up 28

16 ---shy 183 3019 Down 59

17 31 7 150 3013 Down 45

18 311 156 3002 Down 45

19 317 226 3005 Down 37

20 333 200 3003 Down 32

21 333 206 2993 Steady 63

23 ---shy 189 2992 Down 54

24 333 217 3004 Steady 43 co

26 361 178 3005 Up 47

27 333 156 3011 Down 49

30 ---shy 128 3010 Down 46

31 294 133 3003 Down 42

September

1 300 172 2995 Steady 41

3 333 206 2983 Down 52

4 328 244 29~83 Down 70

7 ---shy 21 7 2994 Down 54

8 339 228 2995 Down SO

9 367 161 3000 Down 49

10 350 183 2995 Down 46

13 ---shy 150 2995 Down 38

14 31 7 189 2971 Steady 37 ~ 0

15 322 156 3003 Down 36

16 300 83 3006 Steady 47

17 222 11 7 3028 Down 41 Trace

21 ---- 50 3022 Down 16

22 222 106 3020 Down 57 Trace

23 228 89 3040 Down 44

24 211 106 3026 Down 70

25 189 133 2996 Steady 87 90

27 ---- 211 2976 Down 42

28 306 211 2990 Up 57

29 322 200 2999 Down 53

30 294 200 2992 Down 50

October

1 3U6 194 2989 Down 56

2 294 167 2991 Up 81 08

4 ---- 67 3012 Down 25

5 228 100 3015 Steady 29

6 267 83 3023 Down 44

7 283 122 3004 Down 36

8 267 139 3008 Steady 37

9 306 33 3018 Steady 43

11 ---- 100 3001 Down 23

12 250 67 2983 Down 23

13 244 67 3004 Down 40

14 300 89 2984 Steady 40

15 211 11 2987 Down 54 In

16 272 161 2998 Down 90

18 ---shy 172 2981 Steady tJ7 31

19 250 100 3001 Steady 53 33

20 172 11 3002 Down 93 26

21 139 122 3019 Down 87

22 144 11 7 3008 Steady 66

23 150 11 7 3009 Steady 88

25 ---shy 89 2999 Steady 75

26 206 144 2972 Down 73

27 244 111 2965 Up 50 04

November

3 194 -06 3031 Down 34

4 167 28 3004 Down 33

8 ---shy -06 3007 Down 76 14 VI N

9 61 11 3032 Down 38

10 56 22 3015 Down 22

11 144 00 3014 Down 22

12 183 78 2984 Down 38

15 ---- 122 3005 Down 59

16 239 128 3005 Down 93 22

17 233 122 2977 Down 70

18 156 28 3005 Up 73 Trace

19 189 -33 3006 Down 41

20 77 44 2989 Steady 30

22 ---- -38 3013 Down 82

23 67 -11 3013 Down 82 Snow-40

24 22 -17 3025 Down 89

humidities

precipitation

unknown) attached

groups II and IV

GRowrH

melas ---shy

-_~~~-~-

L nata1is

_ ___ __~-- 1LV ------t- ----~-------- -- shy -I -----------f---------t-------~-- ------~~- -I

~ j 12

9 ti Cf)

~ 5 ~ 4

100 150

H U ~ p (I)

20 ~ 0

~ ~ rQ

I II III

AGE IN YEARS IV

2S v ~ p ]

30 ~ 0 T ~ ~

sect i

Absolute Growth

IX and X

I 128 294

II 164 513

III 192 1008

IV 242 1730

I 122 169

II 162 476

III 217 1280

IV 246 1968

1 melas

I natalis

AGE IN YEARS

1StII I

51 I r

r4 ~ H

~ HZ ~ u Z H

c H o Z ~ I

----__-_

1 y bull --shy

AGE IN YEARS

I natalis

150J UJ

~ cr Z H

Eo-ltr 0shyH

~ 100 ~

II I melasI

102 1 130 141 1 450

110 2 145 144 1 330

114 1 170 145 1 380

115 1 50 146 1 290

11 7 2 245 149 1 450

118 1 330 151 2 375

121 1 340 153 2 395

123 1 270 150 1 450

124 1 270 157 2 390

125 4 245 158 1 320

126 3 327 160 1 400

129 1 330 161 2 530

130 1 300 162 1 580

131 2 350 163 2 590

134 2 235 164 1 600

135 2 360 165 2 520

136 1 410 167 2 455

137 1 450 169 1 600

138 1 430 170 1 700

173 1 620 188 1 820

174 1 620 191 1 1070

178 1 600 195 2 1050

180 2 670 196 1 1090

182 1 750 199 1 1100

183 1 860 205 1 1430

184 1 1010 208 1 1220

185 2 850 215 1 1220

186 4 943 242 1 1730

104 1 160 154 2 375

105 1 30 155 1 340

111 1 90 158 2 430

115 2 235 160 1 380

11 7 1 40 161 1 560

118 2 190 162 3 503

125 2 170 163 3 483

126 1 190 166 1 450

130 3 190 167 1 550

133 1 170 168 1 720

139 2 215 169 1 570

142 3 293 170 2 540

145 3 340 172 1 560

147 3 303 173 1 710

148 1 290 174 1 470

149 1 250 175 2 640

150 3 393 176 1 720

151 3 470 178 1 700

152 2 290 179 1 500

153 2 310 180 1 850

185 2 745 217 1 1180

186 1 650 220 1 1300

187 1 580 222 1 1360

200 1 820 227 1 1480

202 1 1230 228 1 1360

211 1 1310 245 3 1973

212 2 1150 250 1 1950

I me1as log W ~ -29533 + 37974 log L

Condition Factor

102 13 123 137 45 1 75

110 245 109 138 43 164

114 17 115 141 45 161

115 5 033 144 33 loll

11 7 245 103 145 38 125

118 33 201 146 29 093

121 34 192 149 45 136

123 27 145 151 375 109

124 27 142 153 395 loll

125 245 126 156 45 119

126 326 163 157 39 101

129 33 154 158 32 081

130 30 137 160 40 098

131 35 156 161 53 128

134 235 098 162 58 136

135 36 146 163 59 136

136 41 163 164 60 136

165 52 116 185 85 134

167 455 098 186 943 148 169 60 124 188 82 123

170 70 142 191 107 154

173 62 120 195 105 142

174 62 118 196 109 145

178 60 106 199 110 140

180 67 115 205 143 166

182 75 124 208 122 136

183 86 140 215 122 123

184 101 162 242 173 122

104 16 142 152 29 083

105 j 026 153 31 087

111 9 066 154 375 103

115 235 155 155 34 091

117 4 025 158 43 109

118 19 116 160 38 093

125 17 087 161 56 134

126 19 095 162 503 118

130 19 086 163 483 112

133 17 072 166 45 098

139 215 080 167 55 118

142 193 102 168 72 152

145 34 loll 169 57 118

147 303 095 170 54 110

148 29 089 172 56 110

149 25 076 173 71 137

150 393 117 174 47 089

151 47 140 175 64 120

176 72 132 211 131 139

178 70 124 212 115 121

179 50 087 21 7 118 115

180 85 146 220 130 122

185 745 118 222 136 124

186 65 101 227 148 127

187 58 089 228 136 115

200 82 103 245 1973 134

202 123 149 250 195 125

~ ai 100 tf)

r 50__

to bull

bull -_

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 1~ 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

200middot

~~~ ~_

~----- bull 10 1

11 12 I

14 Imiddot

15 Imiddot

16 I -j

19 20 21 22 23 24 25

1 34 138

2 26 115

3 18 142

4 1 122

1 17 092

2 54 110

3 9 126

4 4 132

CHAPTER IV

SUMMARY

the study fish

44degC

age group II

LITERATURE CITED

1962 ishes

DetershyTrans

Lohmeyer 1972

Lohmeyer 1972 pt2

LIST OF FIGLES

FIGURE PAGE

SBFUI r

Literature Review

coexisting

CHAPTER II

Laboratory Study

Scott (1958)

specimens

Field Study

c co -IN (J~r

I 2I ( -8

I ))LLshy

-shy t3

r Iq Ls1ij

~Gf6 I II~ ~~~~ r t- rIq ~ )_n

==- ~ w ~

11 J5-~~ f-- ~ 1 0y-- 0lt0

O~~ 7 I 0

I J53 y~d-~ I l~ ~

~~__- J ( ltAd (

1 Jf 3i~3C) 3( ~oI

J1 ~ ~

were as follows

KSTC inward

distribution curve

5K(TL) VI 103

L = length in mID

of K near unity

CHAPTER III

Species Behavior

Ingestive Behavior

substance

Agonistic Behavior

Sexual Behavior

on 27 July 1971

to shift also

the aquarium

the subject

then spit out

Escape Behavior

the front glass

I me1as

Field Study

for 1 natalis

31761 m bull

11 5 3

12 4 3

13 3 5

18 1 2

19 3 3

TABLE I (Continued)

20 4 4

27 3 14

30 ~ 2

32 1 1

33 3 4

34 1 2

37 4 1

1 30 2 05 300

2 10 2 04 80

3 65 4 04 1040

4 30 3 06 540

5 15 2 05 150

6 70 4 12 3360

7 20 3 12 720

8 30 2 05 150

9 65 5 20 6500

10 10 3 08 240

11 60 3 09 1620

12 20 15 15 4500

13 50 4 08 1600

14 50 3 08 1200

15 40 8 08 2560

16 40 4 09 1440

17 25 15 20 7500

18 10 2 08 160

Station Length m

Width m

Depth m

Area m3

19 15 3 15 675

20 10 3 10 300

21 40 4 15 2400

22 2 2 05 20

23 15 5 10 750

24 60 4 08 1920

25 20 4 08 640

26 100 5 05 2500

27 5 3 04 60

28 5 3 04 60

29 20 2 04 160

30 35 4 10 1400

31 60 4 12 2880

32 40 4 15 4200

33 25 7 10 1500

34 12 5 10 600

35 bull 80 7 15 8400

36 45 5 12 2700

37 40 2 04 320

vegetation

a mean of 50degC

collecting stations

I melas only 15

10 mud and gravel

16 rock

17 mud and silt

27 mud and gravel

29 mud and gravel

33 mud and debri

ing station

than I melas

13 (08

26 lt08

32 (08

35 (08

08 14 8

08 30 47

13 41 35

17 14 10

25 1 0

collecting station

for I melas

station

1 dirt

2 X dirt and tree

3 X dirt and tree

4 dirt

5 dirt

6 dirt

7 X dirt and tree

8 X dirt

11 X dirt and tree

12 dirt

13 dirt

14 X dirt and tree

15 X dirt

17 dirt

19 X dirt

20 dirt and grass

22 X dirt and grass

24 X dirt and grass

25 dirt

28 X dirt and grass

1 none

2 filamentous algae

3 filamentous algae

4 filamentous algae

5 filamentous algae

8 filamentous algae

13 coontail

14 coontail

15 coontail

17 coontail

different pools

collecting days

August

10 278 200 2997 Down 52

11 31 7 200 3008 Steady 35

12 328 167 2999 Steady 48

13 31 7 200 3002 Steady 20

14 333 178 3009 Up 28

16 ---shy 183 3019 Down 59

17 31 7 150 3013 Down 45

18 311 156 3002 Down 45

19 317 226 3005 Down 37

20 333 200 3003 Down 32

21 333 206 2993 Steady 63

23 ---shy 189 2992 Down 54

24 333 217 3004 Steady 43 co

26 361 178 3005 Up 47

27 333 156 3011 Down 49

30 ---shy 128 3010 Down 46

31 294 133 3003 Down 42

September

1 300 172 2995 Steady 41

3 333 206 2983 Down 52

4 328 244 29~83 Down 70

7 ---shy 21 7 2994 Down 54

8 339 228 2995 Down SO

9 367 161 3000 Down 49

10 350 183 2995 Down 46

13 ---shy 150 2995 Down 38

14 31 7 189 2971 Steady 37 ~ 0

15 322 156 3003 Down 36

16 300 83 3006 Steady 47

17 222 11 7 3028 Down 41 Trace

21 ---- 50 3022 Down 16

22 222 106 3020 Down 57 Trace

23 228 89 3040 Down 44

24 211 106 3026 Down 70

25 189 133 2996 Steady 87 90

27 ---- 211 2976 Down 42

28 306 211 2990 Up 57

29 322 200 2999 Down 53

30 294 200 2992 Down 50

October

1 3U6 194 2989 Down 56

2 294 167 2991 Up 81 08

4 ---- 67 3012 Down 25

5 228 100 3015 Steady 29

6 267 83 3023 Down 44

7 283 122 3004 Down 36

8 267 139 3008 Steady 37

9 306 33 3018 Steady 43

11 ---- 100 3001 Down 23

12 250 67 2983 Down 23

13 244 67 3004 Down 40

14 300 89 2984 Steady 40

15 211 11 2987 Down 54 In

16 272 161 2998 Down 90

18 ---shy 172 2981 Steady tJ7 31

19 250 100 3001 Steady 53 33

20 172 11 3002 Down 93 26

21 139 122 3019 Down 87

22 144 11 7 3008 Steady 66

23 150 11 7 3009 Steady 88

25 ---shy 89 2999 Steady 75

26 206 144 2972 Down 73

27 244 111 2965 Up 50 04

November

3 194 -06 3031 Down 34

4 167 28 3004 Down 33

8 ---shy -06 3007 Down 76 14 VI N

9 61 11 3032 Down 38

10 56 22 3015 Down 22

11 144 00 3014 Down 22

12 183 78 2984 Down 38

15 ---- 122 3005 Down 59

16 239 128 3005 Down 93 22

17 233 122 2977 Down 70

18 156 28 3005 Up 73 Trace

19 189 -33 3006 Down 41

20 77 44 2989 Steady 30

22 ---- -38 3013 Down 82

23 67 -11 3013 Down 82 Snow-40

24 22 -17 3025 Down 89

humidities

precipitation

unknown) attached

groups II and IV

GRowrH

melas ---shy

-_~~~-~-

L nata1is

_ ___ __~-- 1LV ------t- ----~-------- -- shy -I -----------f---------t-------~-- ------~~- -I

~ j 12

9 ti Cf)

~ 5 ~ 4

100 150

H U ~ p (I)

20 ~ 0

~ ~ rQ

I II III

AGE IN YEARS IV

2S v ~ p ]

30 ~ 0 T ~ ~

sect i

Absolute Growth

IX and X

I 128 294

II 164 513

III 192 1008

IV 242 1730

I 122 169

II 162 476

III 217 1280

IV 246 1968

1 melas

I natalis

AGE IN YEARS

1StII I

51 I r

r4 ~ H

~ HZ ~ u Z H

c H o Z ~ I

----__-_

1 y bull --shy

AGE IN YEARS

I natalis

150J UJ

~ cr Z H

Eo-ltr 0shyH

~ 100 ~

II I melasI

102 1 130 141 1 450

110 2 145 144 1 330

114 1 170 145 1 380

115 1 50 146 1 290

11 7 2 245 149 1 450

118 1 330 151 2 375

121 1 340 153 2 395

123 1 270 150 1 450

124 1 270 157 2 390

125 4 245 158 1 320

126 3 327 160 1 400

129 1 330 161 2 530

130 1 300 162 1 580

131 2 350 163 2 590

134 2 235 164 1 600

135 2 360 165 2 520

136 1 410 167 2 455

137 1 450 169 1 600

138 1 430 170 1 700

173 1 620 188 1 820

174 1 620 191 1 1070

178 1 600 195 2 1050

180 2 670 196 1 1090

182 1 750 199 1 1100

183 1 860 205 1 1430

184 1 1010 208 1 1220

185 2 850 215 1 1220

186 4 943 242 1 1730

104 1 160 154 2 375

105 1 30 155 1 340

111 1 90 158 2 430

115 2 235 160 1 380

11 7 1 40 161 1 560

118 2 190 162 3 503

125 2 170 163 3 483

126 1 190 166 1 450

130 3 190 167 1 550

133 1 170 168 1 720

139 2 215 169 1 570

142 3 293 170 2 540

145 3 340 172 1 560

147 3 303 173 1 710

148 1 290 174 1 470

149 1 250 175 2 640

150 3 393 176 1 720

151 3 470 178 1 700

152 2 290 179 1 500

153 2 310 180 1 850

185 2 745 217 1 1180

186 1 650 220 1 1300

187 1 580 222 1 1360

200 1 820 227 1 1480

202 1 1230 228 1 1360

211 1 1310 245 3 1973

212 2 1150 250 1 1950

I me1as log W ~ -29533 + 37974 log L

Condition Factor

102 13 123 137 45 1 75

110 245 109 138 43 164

114 17 115 141 45 161

115 5 033 144 33 loll

11 7 245 103 145 38 125

118 33 201 146 29 093

121 34 192 149 45 136

123 27 145 151 375 109

124 27 142 153 395 loll

125 245 126 156 45 119

126 326 163 157 39 101

129 33 154 158 32 081

130 30 137 160 40 098

131 35 156 161 53 128

134 235 098 162 58 136

135 36 146 163 59 136

136 41 163 164 60 136

165 52 116 185 85 134

167 455 098 186 943 148 169 60 124 188 82 123

170 70 142 191 107 154

173 62 120 195 105 142

174 62 118 196 109 145

178 60 106 199 110 140

180 67 115 205 143 166

182 75 124 208 122 136

183 86 140 215 122 123

184 101 162 242 173 122

104 16 142 152 29 083

105 j 026 153 31 087

111 9 066 154 375 103

115 235 155 155 34 091

117 4 025 158 43 109

118 19 116 160 38 093

125 17 087 161 56 134

126 19 095 162 503 118

130 19 086 163 483 112

133 17 072 166 45 098

139 215 080 167 55 118

142 193 102 168 72 152

145 34 loll 169 57 118

147 303 095 170 54 110

148 29 089 172 56 110

149 25 076 173 71 137

150 393 117 174 47 089

151 47 140 175 64 120

176 72 132 211 131 139

178 70 124 212 115 121

179 50 087 21 7 118 115

180 85 146 220 130 122

185 745 118 222 136 124

186 65 101 227 148 127

187 58 089 228 136 115

200 82 103 245 1973 134

202 123 149 250 195 125

~ ai 100 tf)

r 50__

to bull

bull -_

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 1~ 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

200middot

~~~ ~_

~----- bull 10 1

11 12 I

14 Imiddot

15 Imiddot

16 I -j

19 20 21 22 23 24 25

1 34 138

2 26 115

3 18 142

4 1 122

1 17 092

2 54 110

3 9 126

4 4 132

CHAPTER IV

SUMMARY

the study fish

44degC

age group II

LITERATURE CITED

1962 ishes

DetershyTrans

Lohmeyer 1972

Lohmeyer 1972 pt2

SBFUI r

Literature Review

coexisting

CHAPTER II

Laboratory Study

Scott (1958)

specimens

Field Study

c co -IN (J~r

I 2I ( -8

I ))LLshy

-shy t3

r Iq Ls1ij

~Gf6 I II~ ~~~~ r t- rIq ~ )_n

==- ~ w ~

11 J5-~~ f-- ~ 1 0y-- 0lt0

O~~ 7 I 0

I J53 y~d-~ I l~ ~

~~__- J ( ltAd (

1 Jf 3i~3C) 3( ~oI

J1 ~ ~

were as follows

KSTC inward

distribution curve

5K(TL) VI 103

L = length in mID

of K near unity

CHAPTER III

Species Behavior

Ingestive Behavior

substance

Agonistic Behavior

Sexual Behavior

on 27 July 1971

to shift also

the aquarium

the subject

then spit out

Escape Behavior

the front glass

I me1as

Field Study

for 1 natalis

31761 m bull

11 5 3

12 4 3

13 3 5

18 1 2

19 3 3

TABLE I (Continued)

20 4 4

27 3 14

30 ~ 2

32 1 1

33 3 4

34 1 2

37 4 1

1 30 2 05 300

2 10 2 04 80

3 65 4 04 1040

4 30 3 06 540

5 15 2 05 150

6 70 4 12 3360

7 20 3 12 720

8 30 2 05 150

9 65 5 20 6500

10 10 3 08 240

11 60 3 09 1620

12 20 15 15 4500

13 50 4 08 1600

14 50 3 08 1200

15 40 8 08 2560

16 40 4 09 1440

17 25 15 20 7500

18 10 2 08 160

Station Length m

Width m

Depth m

Area m3

19 15 3 15 675

20 10 3 10 300

21 40 4 15 2400

22 2 2 05 20

23 15 5 10 750

24 60 4 08 1920

25 20 4 08 640

26 100 5 05 2500

27 5 3 04 60

28 5 3 04 60

29 20 2 04 160

30 35 4 10 1400

31 60 4 12 2880

32 40 4 15 4200

33 25 7 10 1500

34 12 5 10 600

35 bull 80 7 15 8400

36 45 5 12 2700

37 40 2 04 320

vegetation

a mean of 50degC

collecting stations

I melas only 15

10 mud and gravel

16 rock

17 mud and silt

27 mud and gravel

29 mud and gravel

33 mud and debri

ing station

than I melas

13 (08

26 lt08

32 (08

35 (08

08 14 8

08 30 47

13 41 35

17 14 10

25 1 0

collecting station

for I melas

station

1 dirt

2 X dirt and tree

3 X dirt and tree

4 dirt

5 dirt

6 dirt

7 X dirt and tree

8 X dirt

11 X dirt and tree

12 dirt

13 dirt

14 X dirt and tree

15 X dirt

17 dirt

19 X dirt

20 dirt and grass

22 X dirt and grass

24 X dirt and grass

25 dirt

28 X dirt and grass

1 none

2 filamentous algae

3 filamentous algae

4 filamentous algae

5 filamentous algae

8 filamentous algae

13 coontail

14 coontail

15 coontail

17 coontail

different pools

collecting days

August

10 278 200 2997 Down 52

11 31 7 200 3008 Steady 35

12 328 167 2999 Steady 48

13 31 7 200 3002 Steady 20

14 333 178 3009 Up 28

16 ---shy 183 3019 Down 59

17 31 7 150 3013 Down 45

18 311 156 3002 Down 45

19 317 226 3005 Down 37

20 333 200 3003 Down 32

21 333 206 2993 Steady 63

23 ---shy 189 2992 Down 54

24 333 217 3004 Steady 43 co

26 361 178 3005 Up 47

27 333 156 3011 Down 49

30 ---shy 128 3010 Down 46

31 294 133 3003 Down 42

September

1 300 172 2995 Steady 41

3 333 206 2983 Down 52

4 328 244 29~83 Down 70

7 ---shy 21 7 2994 Down 54

8 339 228 2995 Down SO

9 367 161 3000 Down 49

10 350 183 2995 Down 46

13 ---shy 150 2995 Down 38

14 31 7 189 2971 Steady 37 ~ 0

15 322 156 3003 Down 36

16 300 83 3006 Steady 47

17 222 11 7 3028 Down 41 Trace

21 ---- 50 3022 Down 16

22 222 106 3020 Down 57 Trace

23 228 89 3040 Down 44

24 211 106 3026 Down 70

25 189 133 2996 Steady 87 90

27 ---- 211 2976 Down 42

28 306 211 2990 Up 57

29 322 200 2999 Down 53

30 294 200 2992 Down 50

October

1 3U6 194 2989 Down 56

2 294 167 2991 Up 81 08

4 ---- 67 3012 Down 25

5 228 100 3015 Steady 29

6 267 83 3023 Down 44

7 283 122 3004 Down 36

8 267 139 3008 Steady 37

9 306 33 3018 Steady 43

11 ---- 100 3001 Down 23

12 250 67 2983 Down 23

13 244 67 3004 Down 40

14 300 89 2984 Steady 40

15 211 11 2987 Down 54 In

16 272 161 2998 Down 90

18 ---shy 172 2981 Steady tJ7 31

19 250 100 3001 Steady 53 33

20 172 11 3002 Down 93 26

21 139 122 3019 Down 87

22 144 11 7 3008 Steady 66

23 150 11 7 3009 Steady 88

25 ---shy 89 2999 Steady 75

26 206 144 2972 Down 73

27 244 111 2965 Up 50 04

November

3 194 -06 3031 Down 34

4 167 28 3004 Down 33

8 ---shy -06 3007 Down 76 14 VI N

9 61 11 3032 Down 38

10 56 22 3015 Down 22

11 144 00 3014 Down 22

12 183 78 2984 Down 38

15 ---- 122 3005 Down 59

16 239 128 3005 Down 93 22

17 233 122 2977 Down 70

18 156 28 3005 Up 73 Trace

19 189 -33 3006 Down 41

20 77 44 2989 Steady 30

22 ---- -38 3013 Down 82

23 67 -11 3013 Down 82 Snow-40

24 22 -17 3025 Down 89

humidities

precipitation

unknown) attached

groups II and IV

GRowrH

melas ---shy

-_~~~-~-

L nata1is

_ ___ __~-- 1LV ------t- ----~-------- -- shy -I -----------f---------t-------~-- ------~~- -I

~ j 12

9 ti Cf)

~ 5 ~ 4

100 150

H U ~ p (I)

20 ~ 0

~ ~ rQ

I II III

AGE IN YEARS IV

2S v ~ p ]

30 ~ 0 T ~ ~

sect i

Absolute Growth

IX and X

I 128 294

II 164 513

III 192 1008

IV 242 1730

I 122 169

II 162 476

III 217 1280

IV 246 1968

1 melas

I natalis

AGE IN YEARS

1StII I

51 I r

r4 ~ H

~ HZ ~ u Z H

c H o Z ~ I

----__-_

1 y bull --shy

AGE IN YEARS

I natalis

150J UJ

~ cr Z H

Eo-ltr 0shyH

~ 100 ~

II I melasI

102 1 130 141 1 450

110 2 145 144 1 330

114 1 170 145 1 380

115 1 50 146 1 290

11 7 2 245 149 1 450

118 1 330 151 2 375

121 1 340 153 2 395

123 1 270 150 1 450

124 1 270 157 2 390

125 4 245 158 1 320

126 3 327 160 1 400

129 1 330 161 2 530

130 1 300 162 1 580

131 2 350 163 2 590

134 2 235 164 1 600

135 2 360 165 2 520

136 1 410 167 2 455

137 1 450 169 1 600

138 1 430 170 1 700

173 1 620 188 1 820

174 1 620 191 1 1070

178 1 600 195 2 1050

180 2 670 196 1 1090

182 1 750 199 1 1100

183 1 860 205 1 1430

184 1 1010 208 1 1220

185 2 850 215 1 1220

186 4 943 242 1 1730

104 1 160 154 2 375

105 1 30 155 1 340

111 1 90 158 2 430

115 2 235 160 1 380

11 7 1 40 161 1 560

118 2 190 162 3 503

125 2 170 163 3 483

126 1 190 166 1 450

130 3 190 167 1 550

133 1 170 168 1 720

139 2 215 169 1 570

142 3 293 170 2 540

145 3 340 172 1 560

147 3 303 173 1 710

148 1 290 174 1 470

149 1 250 175 2 640

150 3 393 176 1 720

151 3 470 178 1 700

152 2 290 179 1 500

153 2 310 180 1 850

185 2 745 217 1 1180

186 1 650 220 1 1300

187 1 580 222 1 1360

200 1 820 227 1 1480

202 1 1230 228 1 1360

211 1 1310 245 3 1973

212 2 1150 250 1 1950

I me1as log W ~ -29533 + 37974 log L

Condition Factor

102 13 123 137 45 1 75

110 245 109 138 43 164

114 17 115 141 45 161

115 5 033 144 33 loll

11 7 245 103 145 38 125

118 33 201 146 29 093

121 34 192 149 45 136

123 27 145 151 375 109

124 27 142 153 395 loll

125 245 126 156 45 119

126 326 163 157 39 101

129 33 154 158 32 081

130 30 137 160 40 098

131 35 156 161 53 128

134 235 098 162 58 136

135 36 146 163 59 136

136 41 163 164 60 136

165 52 116 185 85 134

167 455 098 186 943 148 169 60 124 188 82 123

170 70 142 191 107 154

173 62 120 195 105 142

174 62 118 196 109 145

178 60 106 199 110 140

180 67 115 205 143 166

182 75 124 208 122 136

183 86 140 215 122 123

184 101 162 242 173 122

104 16 142 152 29 083

105 j 026 153 31 087

111 9 066 154 375 103

115 235 155 155 34 091

117 4 025 158 43 109

118 19 116 160 38 093

125 17 087 161 56 134

126 19 095 162 503 118

130 19 086 163 483 112

133 17 072 166 45 098

139 215 080 167 55 118

142 193 102 168 72 152

145 34 loll 169 57 118

147 303 095 170 54 110

148 29 089 172 56 110

149 25 076 173 71 137

150 393 117 174 47 089

151 47 140 175 64 120

176 72 132 211 131 139

178 70 124 212 115 121

179 50 087 21 7 118 115

180 85 146 220 130 122

185 745 118 222 136 124

186 65 101 227 148 127

187 58 089 228 136 115

200 82 103 245 1973 134

202 123 149 250 195 125

~ ai 100 tf)

r 50__

to bull

bull -_

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 1~ 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

200middot

~~~ ~_

~----- bull 10 1

11 12 I

14 Imiddot

15 Imiddot

16 I -j

19 20 21 22 23 24 25

1 34 138

2 26 115

3 18 142

4 1 122

1 17 092

2 54 110

3 9 126

4 4 132

CHAPTER IV

SUMMARY

the study fish

44degC

age group II

LITERATURE CITED

1962 ishes

DetershyTrans

Lohmeyer 1972

Lohmeyer 1972 pt2

Literature Review

coexisting

CHAPTER II

Laboratory Study

Scott (1958)

specimens

Field Study

c co -IN (J~r

I 2I ( -8

I ))LLshy

-shy t3

r Iq Ls1ij

~Gf6 I II~ ~~~~ r t- rIq ~ )_n

==- ~ w ~

11 J5-~~ f-- ~ 1 0y-- 0lt0

O~~ 7 I 0

I J53 y~d-~ I l~ ~

~~__- J ( ltAd (

1 Jf 3i~3C) 3( ~oI

J1 ~ ~

were as follows

KSTC inward

distribution curve

5K(TL) VI 103

L = length in mID

of K near unity

CHAPTER III

Species Behavior

Ingestive Behavior

substance

Agonistic Behavior

Sexual Behavior

on 27 July 1971

to shift also

the aquarium

the subject

then spit out

Escape Behavior

the front glass

I me1as

Field Study

for 1 natalis

31761 m bull

11 5 3

12 4 3

13 3 5

18 1 2

19 3 3

TABLE I (Continued)

20 4 4

27 3 14

30 ~ 2

32 1 1

33 3 4

34 1 2

37 4 1

1 30 2 05 300

2 10 2 04 80

3 65 4 04 1040

4 30 3 06 540

5 15 2 05 150

6 70 4 12 3360

7 20 3 12 720

8 30 2 05 150

9 65 5 20 6500

10 10 3 08 240

11 60 3 09 1620

12 20 15 15 4500

13 50 4 08 1600

14 50 3 08 1200

15 40 8 08 2560

16 40 4 09 1440

17 25 15 20 7500

18 10 2 08 160

Station Length m

Width m

Depth m

Area m3

19 15 3 15 675

20 10 3 10 300

21 40 4 15 2400

22 2 2 05 20

23 15 5 10 750

24 60 4 08 1920

25 20 4 08 640

26 100 5 05 2500

27 5 3 04 60

28 5 3 04 60

29 20 2 04 160

30 35 4 10 1400

31 60 4 12 2880

32 40 4 15 4200

33 25 7 10 1500

34 12 5 10 600

35 bull 80 7 15 8400

36 45 5 12 2700

37 40 2 04 320

vegetation

a mean of 50degC

collecting stations

I melas only 15

10 mud and gravel

16 rock

17 mud and silt

27 mud and gravel

29 mud and gravel

33 mud and debri

ing station

than I melas

13 (08

26 lt08

32 (08

35 (08

08 14 8

08 30 47

13 41 35

17 14 10

25 1 0

collecting station

for I melas

station

1 dirt

2 X dirt and tree

3 X dirt and tree

4 dirt

5 dirt

6 dirt

7 X dirt and tree

8 X dirt

11 X dirt and tree

12 dirt

13 dirt

14 X dirt and tree

15 X dirt

17 dirt

19 X dirt

20 dirt and grass

22 X dirt and grass

24 X dirt and grass

25 dirt

28 X dirt and grass

1 none

2 filamentous algae

3 filamentous algae

4 filamentous algae

5 filamentous algae

8 filamentous algae

13 coontail

14 coontail

15 coontail

17 coontail

different pools

collecting days

August

10 278 200 2997 Down 52

11 31 7 200 3008 Steady 35

12 328 167 2999 Steady 48

13 31 7 200 3002 Steady 20

14 333 178 3009 Up 28

16 ---shy 183 3019 Down 59

17 31 7 150 3013 Down 45

18 311 156 3002 Down 45

19 317 226 3005 Down 37

20 333 200 3003 Down 32

21 333 206 2993 Steady 63

23 ---shy 189 2992 Down 54

24 333 217 3004 Steady 43 co

26 361 178 3005 Up 47

27 333 156 3011 Down 49

30 ---shy 128 3010 Down 46

31 294 133 3003 Down 42

September

1 300 172 2995 Steady 41

3 333 206 2983 Down 52

4 328 244 29~83 Down 70

7 ---shy 21 7 2994 Down 54

8 339 228 2995 Down SO

9 367 161 3000 Down 49

10 350 183 2995 Down 46

13 ---shy 150 2995 Down 38

14 31 7 189 2971 Steady 37 ~ 0

15 322 156 3003 Down 36

16 300 83 3006 Steady 47

17 222 11 7 3028 Down 41 Trace

21 ---- 50 3022 Down 16

22 222 106 3020 Down 57 Trace

23 228 89 3040 Down 44

24 211 106 3026 Down 70

25 189 133 2996 Steady 87 90

27 ---- 211 2976 Down 42

28 306 211 2990 Up 57

29 322 200 2999 Down 53

30 294 200 2992 Down 50

October

1 3U6 194 2989 Down 56

2 294 167 2991 Up 81 08

4 ---- 67 3012 Down 25

5 228 100 3015 Steady 29

6 267 83 3023 Down 44

7 283 122 3004 Down 36

8 267 139 3008 Steady 37

9 306 33 3018 Steady 43

11 ---- 100 3001 Down 23

12 250 67 2983 Down 23

13 244 67 3004 Down 40

14 300 89 2984 Steady 40

15 211 11 2987 Down 54 In

16 272 161 2998 Down 90

18 ---shy 172 2981 Steady tJ7 31

19 250 100 3001 Steady 53 33

20 172 11 3002 Down 93 26

21 139 122 3019 Down 87

22 144 11 7 3008 Steady 66

23 150 11 7 3009 Steady 88

25 ---shy 89 2999 Steady 75

26 206 144 2972 Down 73

27 244 111 2965 Up 50 04

November

3 194 -06 3031 Down 34

4 167 28 3004 Down 33

8 ---shy -06 3007 Down 76 14 VI N

9 61 11 3032 Down 38

10 56 22 3015 Down 22

11 144 00 3014 Down 22

12 183 78 2984 Down 38

15 ---- 122 3005 Down 59

16 239 128 3005 Down 93 22

17 233 122 2977 Down 70

18 156 28 3005 Up 73 Trace

19 189 -33 3006 Down 41

20 77 44 2989 Steady 30

22 ---- -38 3013 Down 82

23 67 -11 3013 Down 82 Snow-40

24 22 -17 3025 Down 89

humidities

precipitation

unknown) attached

groups II and IV

GRowrH

melas ---shy

-_~~~-~-

L nata1is

_ ___ __~-- 1LV ------t- ----~-------- -- shy -I -----------f---------t-------~-- ------~~- -I

~ j 12

9 ti Cf)

~ 5 ~ 4

100 150

H U ~ p (I)

20 ~ 0

~ ~ rQ

I II III

AGE IN YEARS IV

2S v ~ p ]

30 ~ 0 T ~ ~

sect i

Absolute Growth

IX and X

I 128 294

II 164 513

III 192 1008

IV 242 1730

I 122 169

II 162 476

III 217 1280

IV 246 1968

1 melas

I natalis

AGE IN YEARS

1StII I

51 I r

r4 ~ H

~ HZ ~ u Z H

c H o Z ~ I

----__-_

1 y bull --shy

AGE IN YEARS

I natalis

150J UJ

~ cr Z H

Eo-ltr 0shyH

~ 100 ~

II I melasI

102 1 130 141 1 450

110 2 145 144 1 330

114 1 170 145 1 380

115 1 50 146 1 290

11 7 2 245 149 1 450

118 1 330 151 2 375

121 1 340 153 2 395

123 1 270 150 1 450

124 1 270 157 2 390

125 4 245 158 1 320

126 3 327 160 1 400

129 1 330 161 2 530

130 1 300 162 1 580

131 2 350 163 2 590

134 2 235 164 1 600

135 2 360 165 2 520

136 1 410 167 2 455

137 1 450 169 1 600

138 1 430 170 1 700

173 1 620 188 1 820

174 1 620 191 1 1070

178 1 600 195 2 1050

180 2 670 196 1 1090

182 1 750 199 1 1100

183 1 860 205 1 1430

184 1 1010 208 1 1220

185 2 850 215 1 1220

186 4 943 242 1 1730

104 1 160 154 2 375

105 1 30 155 1 340

111 1 90 158 2 430

115 2 235 160 1 380

11 7 1 40 161 1 560

118 2 190 162 3 503

125 2 170 163 3 483

126 1 190 166 1 450

130 3 190 167 1 550

133 1 170 168 1 720

139 2 215 169 1 570

142 3 293 170 2 540

145 3 340 172 1 560

147 3 303 173 1 710

148 1 290 174 1 470

149 1 250 175 2 640

150 3 393 176 1 720

151 3 470 178 1 700

152 2 290 179 1 500

153 2 310 180 1 850

185 2 745 217 1 1180

186 1 650 220 1 1300

187 1 580 222 1 1360

200 1 820 227 1 1480

202 1 1230 228 1 1360

211 1 1310 245 3 1973

212 2 1150 250 1 1950

I me1as log W ~ -29533 + 37974 log L

Condition Factor

102 13 123 137 45 1 75

110 245 109 138 43 164

114 17 115 141 45 161

115 5 033 144 33 loll

11 7 245 103 145 38 125

118 33 201 146 29 093

121 34 192 149 45 136

123 27 145 151 375 109

124 27 142 153 395 loll

125 245 126 156 45 119

126 326 163 157 39 101

129 33 154 158 32 081

130 30 137 160 40 098

131 35 156 161 53 128

134 235 098 162 58 136

135 36 146 163 59 136

136 41 163 164 60 136

165 52 116 185 85 134

167 455 098 186 943 148 169 60 124 188 82 123

170 70 142 191 107 154

173 62 120 195 105 142

174 62 118 196 109 145

178 60 106 199 110 140

180 67 115 205 143 166

182 75 124 208 122 136

183 86 140 215 122 123

184 101 162 242 173 122

104 16 142 152 29 083

105 j 026 153 31 087

111 9 066 154 375 103

115 235 155 155 34 091

117 4 025 158 43 109

118 19 116 160 38 093

125 17 087 161 56 134

126 19 095 162 503 118

130 19 086 163 483 112

133 17 072 166 45 098

139 215 080 167 55 118

142 193 102 168 72 152

145 34 loll 169 57 118

147 303 095 170 54 110

148 29 089 172 56 110

149 25 076 173 71 137

150 393 117 174 47 089

151 47 140 175 64 120

176 72 132 211 131 139

178 70 124 212 115 121

179 50 087 21 7 118 115

180 85 146 220 130 122

185 745 118 222 136 124

186 65 101 227 148 127

187 58 089 228 136 115

200 82 103 245 1973 134

202 123 149 250 195 125

~ ai 100 tf)

r 50__

to bull

bull -_

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 1~ 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

200middot

~~~ ~_

~----- bull 10 1

11 12 I

14 Imiddot

15 Imiddot

16 I -j

19 20 21 22 23 24 25

1 34 138

2 26 115

3 18 142

4 1 122

1 17 092

2 54 110

3 9 126

4 4 132

CHAPTER IV

SUMMARY

the study fish

44degC

age group II

LITERATURE CITED

1962 ishes

DetershyTrans

Lohmeyer 1972

Lohmeyer 1972 pt2

CHAPTER II

Laboratory Study

Scott (1958)

specimens

Field Study

c co -IN (J~r

I 2I ( -8

I ))LLshy

-shy t3

r Iq Ls1ij

~Gf6 I II~ ~~~~ r t- rIq ~ )_n

==- ~ w ~

11 J5-~~ f-- ~ 1 0y-- 0lt0

O~~ 7 I 0

I J53 y~d-~ I l~ ~

~~__- J ( ltAd (

1 Jf 3i~3C) 3( ~oI

J1 ~ ~

were as follows

KSTC inward

distribution curve

5K(TL) VI 103

L = length in mID

of K near unity

CHAPTER III

Species Behavior

Ingestive Behavior

substance

Agonistic Behavior

Sexual Behavior

on 27 July 1971

to shift also

the aquarium

the subject

then spit out

Escape Behavior

the front glass

I me1as

Field Study

for 1 natalis

31761 m bull

11 5 3

12 4 3

13 3 5

18 1 2

19 3 3

TABLE I (Continued)

20 4 4

27 3 14

30 ~ 2

32 1 1

33 3 4

34 1 2

37 4 1

1 30 2 05 300

2 10 2 04 80

3 65 4 04 1040

4 30 3 06 540

5 15 2 05 150

6 70 4 12 3360

7 20 3 12 720

8 30 2 05 150

9 65 5 20 6500

10 10 3 08 240

11 60 3 09 1620

12 20 15 15 4500

13 50 4 08 1600

14 50 3 08 1200

15 40 8 08 2560

16 40 4 09 1440

17 25 15 20 7500

18 10 2 08 160

Station Length m

Width m

Depth m

Area m3

19 15 3 15 675

20 10 3 10 300

21 40 4 15 2400

22 2 2 05 20

23 15 5 10 750

24 60 4 08 1920

25 20 4 08 640

26 100 5 05 2500

27 5 3 04 60

28 5 3 04 60

29 20 2 04 160

30 35 4 10 1400

31 60 4 12 2880

32 40 4 15 4200

33 25 7 10 1500

34 12 5 10 600

35 bull 80 7 15 8400

36 45 5 12 2700

37 40 2 04 320

vegetation

a mean of 50degC

collecting stations

I melas only 15

10 mud and gravel

16 rock

17 mud and silt

27 mud and gravel

29 mud and gravel

33 mud and debri

ing station

than I melas

13 (08

26 lt08

32 (08

35 (08

08 14 8

08 30 47

13 41 35

17 14 10

25 1 0

collecting station

for I melas

station

1 dirt

2 X dirt and tree

3 X dirt and tree

4 dirt

5 dirt

6 dirt

7 X dirt and tree

8 X dirt

11 X dirt and tree

12 dirt

13 dirt

14 X dirt and tree

15 X dirt

17 dirt

19 X dirt

20 dirt and grass

22 X dirt and grass

24 X dirt and grass

25 dirt

28 X dirt and grass

1 none

2 filamentous algae

3 filamentous algae

4 filamentous algae

5 filamentous algae

8 filamentous algae

13 coontail

14 coontail

15 coontail

17 coontail

different pools

collecting days

August

10 278 200 2997 Down 52

11 31 7 200 3008 Steady 35

12 328 167 2999 Steady 48

13 31 7 200 3002 Steady 20

14 333 178 3009 Up 28

16 ---shy 183 3019 Down 59

17 31 7 150 3013 Down 45

18 311 156 3002 Down 45

19 317 226 3005 Down 37

20 333 200 3003 Down 32

21 333 206 2993 Steady 63

23 ---shy 189 2992 Down 54

24 333 217 3004 Steady 43 co

26 361 178 3005 Up 47

27 333 156 3011 Down 49

30 ---shy 128 3010 Down 46

31 294 133 3003 Down 42

September

1 300 172 2995 Steady 41

3 333 206 2983 Down 52

4 328 244 29~83 Down 70

7 ---shy 21 7 2994 Down 54

8 339 228 2995 Down SO

9 367 161 3000 Down 49

10 350 183 2995 Down 46

13 ---shy 150 2995 Down 38

14 31 7 189 2971 Steady 37 ~ 0

15 322 156 3003 Down 36

16 300 83 3006 Steady 47

17 222 11 7 3028 Down 41 Trace

21 ---- 50 3022 Down 16

22 222 106 3020 Down 57 Trace

23 228 89 3040 Down 44

24 211 106 3026 Down 70

25 189 133 2996 Steady 87 90

27 ---- 211 2976 Down 42

28 306 211 2990 Up 57

29 322 200 2999 Down 53

30 294 200 2992 Down 50

October

1 3U6 194 2989 Down 56

2 294 167 2991 Up 81 08

4 ---- 67 3012 Down 25

5 228 100 3015 Steady 29

6 267 83 3023 Down 44

7 283 122 3004 Down 36

8 267 139 3008 Steady 37

9 306 33 3018 Steady 43

11 ---- 100 3001 Down 23

12 250 67 2983 Down 23

13 244 67 3004 Down 40

14 300 89 2984 Steady 40

15 211 11 2987 Down 54 In

16 272 161 2998 Down 90

18 ---shy 172 2981 Steady tJ7 31

19 250 100 3001 Steady 53 33

20 172 11 3002 Down 93 26

21 139 122 3019 Down 87

22 144 11 7 3008 Steady 66

23 150 11 7 3009 Steady 88

25 ---shy 89 2999 Steady 75

26 206 144 2972 Down 73

27 244 111 2965 Up 50 04

November

3 194 -06 3031 Down 34

4 167 28 3004 Down 33

8 ---shy -06 3007 Down 76 14 VI N

9 61 11 3032 Down 38

10 56 22 3015 Down 22

11 144 00 3014 Down 22

12 183 78 2984 Down 38

15 ---- 122 3005 Down 59

16 239 128 3005 Down 93 22

17 233 122 2977 Down 70

18 156 28 3005 Up 73 Trace

19 189 -33 3006 Down 41

20 77 44 2989 Steady 30

22 ---- -38 3013 Down 82

23 67 -11 3013 Down 82 Snow-40

24 22 -17 3025 Down 89

humidities

precipitation

unknown) attached

groups II and IV

GRowrH

melas ---shy

-_~~~-~-

L nata1is

_ ___ __~-- 1LV ------t- ----~-------- -- shy -I -----------f---------t-------~-- ------~~- -I

~ j 12

9 ti Cf)

~ 5 ~ 4

100 150

H U ~ p (I)

20 ~ 0

~ ~ rQ

I II III

AGE IN YEARS IV

2S v ~ p ]

30 ~ 0 T ~ ~

sect i

Absolute Growth

IX and X

I 128 294

II 164 513

III 192 1008

IV 242 1730

I 122 169

II 162 476

III 217 1280

IV 246 1968

1 melas

I natalis

AGE IN YEARS

1StII I

51 I r

r4 ~ H

~ HZ ~ u Z H

c H o Z ~ I

----__-_

1 y bull --shy

AGE IN YEARS

I natalis

150J UJ

~ cr Z H

Eo-ltr 0shyH

~ 100 ~

II I melasI

102 1 130 141 1 450

110 2 145 144 1 330

114 1 170 145 1 380

115 1 50 146 1 290

11 7 2 245 149 1 450

118 1 330 151 2 375

121 1 340 153 2 395

123 1 270 150 1 450

124 1 270 157 2 390

125 4 245 158 1 320

126 3 327 160 1 400

129 1 330 161 2 530

130 1 300 162 1 580

131 2 350 163 2 590

134 2 235 164 1 600

135 2 360 165 2 520

136 1 410 167 2 455

137 1 450 169 1 600

138 1 430 170 1 700

173 1 620 188 1 820

174 1 620 191 1 1070

178 1 600 195 2 1050

180 2 670 196 1 1090

182 1 750 199 1 1100

183 1 860 205 1 1430

184 1 1010 208 1 1220

185 2 850 215 1 1220

186 4 943 242 1 1730

104 1 160 154 2 375

105 1 30 155 1 340

111 1 90 158 2 430

115 2 235 160 1 380

11 7 1 40 161 1 560

118 2 190 162 3 503

125 2 170 163 3 483

126 1 190 166 1 450

130 3 190 167 1 550

133 1 170 168 1 720

139 2 215 169 1 570

142 3 293 170 2 540

145 3 340 172 1 560

147 3 303 173 1 710

148 1 290 174 1 470

149 1 250 175 2 640

150 3 393 176 1 720

151 3 470 178 1 700

152 2 290 179 1 500

153 2 310 180 1 850

185 2 745 217 1 1180

186 1 650 220 1 1300

187 1 580 222 1 1360

200 1 820 227 1 1480

202 1 1230 228 1 1360

211 1 1310 245 3 1973

212 2 1150 250 1 1950

I me1as log W ~ -29533 + 37974 log L

Condition Factor

102 13 123 137 45 1 75

110 245 109 138 43 164

114 17 115 141 45 161

115 5 033 144 33 loll

11 7 245 103 145 38 125

118 33 201 146 29 093

121 34 192 149 45 136

123 27 145 151 375 109

124 27 142 153 395 loll

125 245 126 156 45 119

126 326 163 157 39 101

129 33 154 158 32 081

130 30 137 160 40 098

131 35 156 161 53 128

134 235 098 162 58 136

135 36 146 163 59 136

136 41 163 164 60 136

165 52 116 185 85 134

167 455 098 186 943 148 169 60 124 188 82 123

170 70 142 191 107 154

173 62 120 195 105 142

174 62 118 196 109 145

178 60 106 199 110 140

180 67 115 205 143 166

182 75 124 208 122 136

183 86 140 215 122 123

184 101 162 242 173 122

104 16 142 152 29 083

105 j 026 153 31 087

111 9 066 154 375 103

115 235 155 155 34 091

117 4 025 158 43 109

118 19 116 160 38 093

125 17 087 161 56 134

126 19 095 162 503 118

130 19 086 163 483 112

133 17 072 166 45 098

139 215 080 167 55 118

142 193 102 168 72 152

145 34 loll 169 57 118

147 303 095 170 54 110

148 29 089 172 56 110

149 25 076 173 71 137

150 393 117 174 47 089

151 47 140 175 64 120

176 72 132 211 131 139

178 70 124 212 115 121

179 50 087 21 7 118 115

180 85 146 220 130 122

185 745 118 222 136 124

186 65 101 227 148 127

187 58 089 228 136 115

200 82 103 245 1973 134

202 123 149 250 195 125

~ ai 100 tf)

r 50__

to bull

bull -_

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 1~ 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

200middot

~~~ ~_

~----- bull 10 1

11 12 I

14 Imiddot

15 Imiddot

16 I -j

19 20 21 22 23 24 25

1 34 138

2 26 115

3 18 142

4 1 122

1 17 092

2 54 110

3 9 126

4 4 132

CHAPTER IV

SUMMARY

the study fish

44degC

age group II

LITERATURE CITED

1962 ishes

DetershyTrans

Lohmeyer 1972

Lohmeyer 1972 pt2

CHAPTER II

Laboratory Study

Scott (1958)

specimens

Field Study

c co -IN (J~r

I 2I ( -8

I ))LLshy

-shy t3

r Iq Ls1ij

~Gf6 I II~ ~~~~ r t- rIq ~ )_n

==- ~ w ~

11 J5-~~ f-- ~ 1 0y-- 0lt0

O~~ 7 I 0

I J53 y~d-~ I l~ ~

~~__- J ( ltAd (

1 Jf 3i~3C) 3( ~oI

J1 ~ ~

were as follows

KSTC inward

distribution curve

5K(TL) VI 103

L = length in mID

of K near unity

CHAPTER III

Species Behavior

Ingestive Behavior

substance

Agonistic Behavior

Sexual Behavior

on 27 July 1971

to shift also

the aquarium

the subject

then spit out

Escape Behavior

the front glass

I me1as

Field Study

for 1 natalis

31761 m bull

11 5 3

12 4 3

13 3 5

18 1 2

19 3 3

TABLE I (Continued)

20 4 4

27 3 14

30 ~ 2

32 1 1

33 3 4

34 1 2

37 4 1

1 30 2 05 300

2 10 2 04 80

3 65 4 04 1040

4 30 3 06 540

5 15 2 05 150

6 70 4 12 3360

7 20 3 12 720

8 30 2 05 150

9 65 5 20 6500

10 10 3 08 240

11 60 3 09 1620

12 20 15 15 4500

13 50 4 08 1600

14 50 3 08 1200

15 40 8 08 2560

16 40 4 09 1440

17 25 15 20 7500

18 10 2 08 160

Station Length m

Width m

Depth m

Area m3

19 15 3 15 675

20 10 3 10 300

21 40 4 15 2400

22 2 2 05 20

23 15 5 10 750

24 60 4 08 1920

25 20 4 08 640

26 100 5 05 2500

27 5 3 04 60

28 5 3 04 60

29 20 2 04 160

30 35 4 10 1400

31 60 4 12 2880

32 40 4 15 4200

33 25 7 10 1500

34 12 5 10 600

35 bull 80 7 15 8400

36 45 5 12 2700

37 40 2 04 320

vegetation

a mean of 50degC

collecting stations

I melas only 15

10 mud and gravel

16 rock

17 mud and silt

27 mud and gravel

29 mud and gravel

33 mud and debri

ing station

than I melas

13 (08

26 lt08

32 (08

35 (08

08 14 8

08 30 47

13 41 35

17 14 10

25 1 0

collecting station

for I melas

station

1 dirt

2 X dirt and tree

3 X dirt and tree

4 dirt

5 dirt

6 dirt

7 X dirt and tree

8 X dirt

11 X dirt and tree

12 dirt

13 dirt

14 X dirt and tree

15 X dirt

17 dirt

19 X dirt

20 dirt and grass

22 X dirt and grass

24 X dirt and grass

25 dirt

28 X dirt and grass

1 none

2 filamentous algae

3 filamentous algae

4 filamentous algae

5 filamentous algae

8 filamentous algae

13 coontail

14 coontail

15 coontail

17 coontail

different pools

collecting days

August

10 278 200 2997 Down 52

11 31 7 200 3008 Steady 35

12 328 167 2999 Steady 48

13 31 7 200 3002 Steady 20

14 333 178 3009 Up 28

16 ---shy 183 3019 Down 59

17 31 7 150 3013 Down 45

18 311 156 3002 Down 45

19 317 226 3005 Down 37

20 333 200 3003 Down 32

21 333 206 2993 Steady 63

23 ---shy 189 2992 Down 54

24 333 217 3004 Steady 43 co

26 361 178 3005 Up 47

27 333 156 3011 Down 49

30 ---shy 128 3010 Down 46

31 294 133 3003 Down 42

September

1 300 172 2995 Steady 41

3 333 206 2983 Down 52

4 328 244 29~83 Down 70

7 ---shy 21 7 2994 Down 54

8 339 228 2995 Down SO

9 367 161 3000 Down 49

10 350 183 2995 Down 46

13 ---shy 150 2995 Down 38

14 31 7 189 2971 Steady 37 ~ 0

15 322 156 3003 Down 36

16 300 83 3006 Steady 47

17 222 11 7 3028 Down 41 Trace

21 ---- 50 3022 Down 16

22 222 106 3020 Down 57 Trace

23 228 89 3040 Down 44

24 211 106 3026 Down 70

25 189 133 2996 Steady 87 90

27 ---- 211 2976 Down 42

28 306 211 2990 Up 57

29 322 200 2999 Down 53

30 294 200 2992 Down 50

October

1 3U6 194 2989 Down 56

2 294 167 2991 Up 81 08

4 ---- 67 3012 Down 25

5 228 100 3015 Steady 29

6 267 83 3023 Down 44

7 283 122 3004 Down 36

8 267 139 3008 Steady 37

9 306 33 3018 Steady 43

11 ---- 100 3001 Down 23

12 250 67 2983 Down 23

13 244 67 3004 Down 40

14 300 89 2984 Steady 40

15 211 11 2987 Down 54 In

16 272 161 2998 Down 90

18 ---shy 172 2981 Steady tJ7 31

19 250 100 3001 Steady 53 33

20 172 11 3002 Down 93 26

21 139 122 3019 Down 87

22 144 11 7 3008 Steady 66

23 150 11 7 3009 Steady 88

25 ---shy 89 2999 Steady 75

26 206 144 2972 Down 73

27 244 111 2965 Up 50 04

November

3 194 -06 3031 Down 34

4 167 28 3004 Down 33

8 ---shy -06 3007 Down 76 14 VI N

9 61 11 3032 Down 38

10 56 22 3015 Down 22

11 144 00 3014 Down 22

12 183 78 2984 Down 38

15 ---- 122 3005 Down 59

16 239 128 3005 Down 93 22

17 233 122 2977 Down 70

18 156 28 3005 Up 73 Trace

19 189 -33 3006 Down 41

20 77 44 2989 Steady 30

22 ---- -38 3013 Down 82

23 67 -11 3013 Down 82 Snow-40

24 22 -17 3025 Down 89

humidities

precipitation

unknown) attached

groups II and IV

GRowrH

melas ---shy

-_~~~-~-

L nata1is

_ ___ __~-- 1LV ------t- ----~-------- -- shy -I -----------f---------t-------~-- ------~~- -I

~ j 12

9 ti Cf)

~ 5 ~ 4

100 150

H U ~ p (I)

20 ~ 0

~ ~ rQ

I II III

AGE IN YEARS IV

2S v ~ p ]

30 ~ 0 T ~ ~

sect i

Absolute Growth

IX and X

I 128 294

II 164 513

III 192 1008

IV 242 1730

I 122 169

II 162 476

III 217 1280

IV 246 1968

1 melas

I natalis

AGE IN YEARS

1StII I

51 I r

r4 ~ H

~ HZ ~ u Z H

c H o Z ~ I

----__-_

1 y bull --shy

AGE IN YEARS

I natalis

150J UJ

~ cr Z H

Eo-ltr 0shyH

~ 100 ~

II I melasI

102 1 130 141 1 450

110 2 145 144 1 330

114 1 170 145 1 380

115 1 50 146 1 290

11 7 2 245 149 1 450

118 1 330 151 2 375

121 1 340 153 2 395

123 1 270 150 1 450

124 1 270 157 2 390

125 4 245 158 1 320

126 3 327 160 1 400

129 1 330 161 2 530

130 1 300 162 1 580

131 2 350 163 2 590

134 2 235 164 1 600

135 2 360 165 2 520

136 1 410 167 2 455

137 1 450 169 1 600

138 1 430 170 1 700

173 1 620 188 1 820

174 1 620 191 1 1070

178 1 600 195 2 1050

180 2 670 196 1 1090

182 1 750 199 1 1100

183 1 860 205 1 1430

184 1 1010 208 1 1220

185 2 850 215 1 1220

186 4 943 242 1 1730

104 1 160 154 2 375

105 1 30 155 1 340

111 1 90 158 2 430

115 2 235 160 1 380

11 7 1 40 161 1 560

118 2 190 162 3 503

125 2 170 163 3 483

126 1 190 166 1 450

130 3 190 167 1 550

133 1 170 168 1 720

139 2 215 169 1 570

142 3 293 170 2 540

145 3 340 172 1 560

147 3 303 173 1 710

148 1 290 174 1 470

149 1 250 175 2 640

150 3 393 176 1 720

151 3 470 178 1 700

152 2 290 179 1 500

153 2 310 180 1 850

185 2 745 217 1 1180

186 1 650 220 1 1300

187 1 580 222 1 1360

200 1 820 227 1 1480

202 1 1230 228 1 1360

211 1 1310 245 3 1973

212 2 1150 250 1 1950

I me1as log W ~ -29533 + 37974 log L

Condition Factor

102 13 123 137 45 1 75

110 245 109 138 43 164

114 17 115 141 45 161

115 5 033 144 33 loll

11 7 245 103 145 38 125

118 33 201 146 29 093

121 34 192 149 45 136

123 27 145 151 375 109

124 27 142 153 395 loll

125 245 126 156 45 119

126 326 163 157 39 101

129 33 154 158 32 081

130 30 137 160 40 098

131 35 156 161 53 128

134 235 098 162 58 136

135 36 146 163 59 136

136 41 163 164 60 136

165 52 116 185 85 134

167 455 098 186 943 148 169 60 124 188 82 123

170 70 142 191 107 154

173 62 120 195 105 142

174 62 118 196 109 145

178 60 106 199 110 140

180 67 115 205 143 166

182 75 124 208 122 136

183 86 140 215 122 123

184 101 162 242 173 122

104 16 142 152 29 083

105 j 026 153 31 087

111 9 066 154 375 103

115 235 155 155 34 091

117 4 025 158 43 109

118 19 116 160 38 093

125 17 087 161 56 134

126 19 095 162 503 118

130 19 086 163 483 112

133 17 072 166 45 098

139 215 080 167 55 118

142 193 102 168 72 152

145 34 loll 169 57 118

147 303 095 170 54 110

148 29 089 172 56 110

149 25 076 173 71 137

150 393 117 174 47 089

151 47 140 175 64 120

176 72 132 211 131 139

178 70 124 212 115 121

179 50 087 21 7 118 115

180 85 146 220 130 122

185 745 118 222 136 124

186 65 101 227 148 127

187 58 089 228 136 115

200 82 103 245 1973 134

202 123 149 250 195 125

~ ai 100 tf)

r 50__

to bull

bull -_

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 1~ 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

200middot

~~~ ~_

~----- bull 10 1

11 12 I

14 Imiddot

15 Imiddot

16 I -j

19 20 21 22 23 24 25

1 34 138

2 26 115

3 18 142

4 1 122

1 17 092

2 54 110

3 9 126

4 4 132

CHAPTER IV

SUMMARY

the study fish

44degC

age group II

LITERATURE CITED

1962 ishes

DetershyTrans

Lohmeyer 1972

Lohmeyer 1972 pt2

CHAPTER II

Laboratory Study

Scott (1958)

specimens

Field Study

c co -IN (J~r

I 2I ( -8

I ))LLshy

-shy t3

r Iq Ls1ij

~Gf6 I II~ ~~~~ r t- rIq ~ )_n

==- ~ w ~

11 J5-~~ f-- ~ 1 0y-- 0lt0

O~~ 7 I 0

I J53 y~d-~ I l~ ~

~~__- J ( ltAd (

1 Jf 3i~3C) 3( ~oI

J1 ~ ~

were as follows

KSTC inward

distribution curve

5K(TL) VI 103

L = length in mID

of K near unity

CHAPTER III

Species Behavior

Ingestive Behavior

substance

Agonistic Behavior

Sexual Behavior

on 27 July 1971

to shift also

the aquarium

the subject

then spit out

Escape Behavior

the front glass

I me1as

Field Study

for 1 natalis

31761 m bull

11 5 3

12 4 3

13 3 5

18 1 2

19 3 3

TABLE I (Continued)

20 4 4

27 3 14

30 ~ 2

32 1 1

33 3 4

34 1 2

37 4 1

1 30 2 05 300

2 10 2 04 80

3 65 4 04 1040

4 30 3 06 540

5 15 2 05 150

6 70 4 12 3360

7 20 3 12 720

8 30 2 05 150

9 65 5 20 6500

10 10 3 08 240

11 60 3 09 1620

12 20 15 15 4500

13 50 4 08 1600

14 50 3 08 1200

15 40 8 08 2560

16 40 4 09 1440

17 25 15 20 7500

18 10 2 08 160

Station Length m

Width m

Depth m

Area m3

19 15 3 15 675

20 10 3 10 300

21 40 4 15 2400

22 2 2 05 20

23 15 5 10 750

24 60 4 08 1920

25 20 4 08 640

26 100 5 05 2500

27 5 3 04 60

28 5 3 04 60

29 20 2 04 160

30 35 4 10 1400

31 60 4 12 2880

32 40 4 15 4200

33 25 7 10 1500

34 12 5 10 600

35 bull 80 7 15 8400

36 45 5 12 2700

37 40 2 04 320

vegetation

a mean of 50degC

collecting stations

I melas only 15

10 mud and gravel

16 rock

17 mud and silt

27 mud and gravel

29 mud and gravel

33 mud and debri

ing station

than I melas

13 (08

26 lt08

32 (08

35 (08

08 14 8

08 30 47

13 41 35

17 14 10

25 1 0

collecting station

for I melas

station

1 dirt

2 X dirt and tree

3 X dirt and tree

4 dirt

5 dirt

6 dirt

7 X dirt and tree

8 X dirt

11 X dirt and tree

12 dirt

13 dirt

14 X dirt and tree

15 X dirt

17 dirt

19 X dirt

20 dirt and grass

22 X dirt and grass

24 X dirt and grass

25 dirt

28 X dirt and grass

1 none

2 filamentous algae

3 filamentous algae

4 filamentous algae

5 filamentous algae

8 filamentous algae

13 coontail

14 coontail

15 coontail

17 coontail

different pools

collecting days

August

10 278 200 2997 Down 52

11 31 7 200 3008 Steady 35

12 328 167 2999 Steady 48

13 31 7 200 3002 Steady 20

14 333 178 3009 Up 28

16 ---shy 183 3019 Down 59

17 31 7 150 3013 Down 45

18 311 156 3002 Down 45

19 317 226 3005 Down 37

20 333 200 3003 Down 32

21 333 206 2993 Steady 63

23 ---shy 189 2992 Down 54

24 333 217 3004 Steady 43 co

26 361 178 3005 Up 47

27 333 156 3011 Down 49

30 ---shy 128 3010 Down 46

31 294 133 3003 Down 42

September

1 300 172 2995 Steady 41

3 333 206 2983 Down 52

4 328 244 29~83 Down 70

7 ---shy 21 7 2994 Down 54

8 339 228 2995 Down SO

9 367 161 3000 Down 49

10 350 183 2995 Down 46

13 ---shy 150 2995 Down 38

14 31 7 189 2971 Steady 37 ~ 0

15 322 156 3003 Down 36

16 300 83 3006 Steady 47

17 222 11 7 3028 Down 41 Trace

21 ---- 50 3022 Down 16

22 222 106 3020 Down 57 Trace

23 228 89 3040 Down 44

24 211 106 3026 Down 70

25 189 133 2996 Steady 87 90

27 ---- 211 2976 Down 42

28 306 211 2990 Up 57

29 322 200 2999 Down 53

30 294 200 2992 Down 50

October

1 3U6 194 2989 Down 56

2 294 167 2991 Up 81 08

4 ---- 67 3012 Down 25

5 228 100 3015 Steady 29

6 267 83 3023 Down 44

7 283 122 3004 Down 36

8 267 139 3008 Steady 37

9 306 33 3018 Steady 43

11 ---- 100 3001 Down 23

12 250 67 2983 Down 23

13 244 67 3004 Down 40

14 300 89 2984 Steady 40

15 211 11 2987 Down 54 In

16 272 161 2998 Down 90

18 ---shy 172 2981 Steady tJ7 31

19 250 100 3001 Steady 53 33

20 172 11 3002 Down 93 26

21 139 122 3019 Down 87

22 144 11 7 3008 Steady 66

23 150 11 7 3009 Steady 88

25 ---shy 89 2999 Steady 75

26 206 144 2972 Down 73

27 244 111 2965 Up 50 04

November

3 194 -06 3031 Down 34

4 167 28 3004 Down 33

8 ---shy -06 3007 Down 76 14 VI N

9 61 11 3032 Down 38

10 56 22 3015 Down 22

11 144 00 3014 Down 22

12 183 78 2984 Down 38

15 ---- 122 3005 Down 59

16 239 128 3005 Down 93 22

17 233 122 2977 Down 70

18 156 28 3005 Up 73 Trace

19 189 -33 3006 Down 41

20 77 44 2989 Steady 30

22 ---- -38 3013 Down 82

23 67 -11 3013 Down 82 Snow-40

24 22 -17 3025 Down 89

humidities

precipitation

unknown) attached

groups II and IV

GRowrH

melas ---shy

-_~~~-~-

L nata1is

_ ___ __~-- 1LV ------t- ----~-------- -- shy -I -----------f---------t-------~-- ------~~- -I

~ j 12

9 ti Cf)

~ 5 ~ 4

100 150

H U ~ p (I)

20 ~ 0

~ ~ rQ

I II III

AGE IN YEARS IV

2S v ~ p ]

30 ~ 0 T ~ ~

sect i

Absolute Growth

IX and X

I 128 294

II 164 513

III 192 1008

IV 242 1730

I 122 169

II 162 476

III 217 1280

IV 246 1968

1 melas

I natalis

AGE IN YEARS

1StII I

51 I r

r4 ~ H

~ HZ ~ u Z H

c H o Z ~ I

----__-_

1 y bull --shy

AGE IN YEARS

I natalis

150J UJ

~ cr Z H

Eo-ltr 0shyH

~ 100 ~

II I melasI

102 1 130 141 1 450

110 2 145 144 1 330

114 1 170 145 1 380

115 1 50 146 1 290

11 7 2 245 149 1 450

118 1 330 151 2 375

121 1 340 153 2 395

123 1 270 150 1 450

124 1 270 157 2 390

125 4 245 158 1 320

126 3 327 160 1 400

129 1 330 161 2 530

130 1 300 162 1 580

131 2 350 163 2 590

134 2 235 164 1 600

135 2 360 165 2 520

136 1 410 167 2 455

137 1 450 169 1 600

138 1 430 170 1 700

173 1 620 188 1 820

174 1 620 191 1 1070

178 1 600 195 2 1050

180 2 670 196 1 1090

182 1 750 199 1 1100

183 1 860 205 1 1430

184 1 1010 208 1 1220

185 2 850 215 1 1220

186 4 943 242 1 1730

104 1 160 154 2 375

105 1 30 155 1 340

111 1 90 158 2 430

115 2 235 160 1 380

11 7 1 40 161 1 560

118 2 190 162 3 503

125 2 170 163 3 483

126 1 190 166 1 450

130 3 190 167 1 550

133 1 170 168 1 720

139 2 215 169 1 570

142 3 293 170 2 540

145 3 340 172 1 560

147 3 303 173 1 710

148 1 290 174 1 470

149 1 250 175 2 640

150 3 393 176 1 720

151 3 470 178 1 700

152 2 290 179 1 500

153 2 310 180 1 850

185 2 745 217 1 1180

186 1 650 220 1 1300

187 1 580 222 1 1360

200 1 820 227 1 1480

202 1 1230 228 1 1360

211 1 1310 245 3 1973

212 2 1150 250 1 1950

I me1as log W ~ -29533 + 37974 log L

Condition Factor

102 13 123 137 45 1 75

110 245 109 138 43 164

114 17 115 141 45 161

115 5 033 144 33 loll

11 7 245 103 145 38 125

118 33 201 146 29 093

121 34 192 149 45 136

123 27 145 151 375 109

124 27 142 153 395 loll

125 245 126 156 45 119

126 326 163 157 39 101

129 33 154 158 32 081

130 30 137 160 40 098

131 35 156 161 53 128

134 235 098 162 58 136

135 36 146 163 59 136

136 41 163 164 60 136

165 52 116 185 85 134

167 455 098 186 943 148 169 60 124 188 82 123

170 70 142 191 107 154

173 62 120 195 105 142

174 62 118 196 109 145

178 60 106 199 110 140

180 67 115 205 143 166

182 75 124 208 122 136

183 86 140 215 122 123

184 101 162 242 173 122

104 16 142 152 29 083

105 j 026 153 31 087

111 9 066 154 375 103

115 235 155 155 34 091

117 4 025 158 43 109

118 19 116 160 38 093

125 17 087 161 56 134

126 19 095 162 503 118

130 19 086 163 483 112

133 17 072 166 45 098

139 215 080 167 55 118

142 193 102 168 72 152

145 34 loll 169 57 118

147 303 095 170 54 110

148 29 089 172 56 110

149 25 076 173 71 137

150 393 117 174 47 089

151 47 140 175 64 120

176 72 132 211 131 139

178 70 124 212 115 121

179 50 087 21 7 118 115

180 85 146 220 130 122

185 745 118 222 136 124

186 65 101 227 148 127

187 58 089 228 136 115

200 82 103 245 1973 134

202 123 149 250 195 125

~ ai 100 tf)

r 50__

to bull

bull -_

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 1~ 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

200middot

~~~ ~_

~----- bull 10 1

11 12 I

14 Imiddot

15 Imiddot

16 I -j

19 20 21 22 23 24 25

1 34 138

2 26 115

3 18 142

4 1 122

1 17 092

2 54 110

3 9 126

4 4 132

CHAPTER IV

SUMMARY

the study fish

44degC

age group II

LITERATURE CITED

1962 ishes

DetershyTrans

Lohmeyer 1972

Lohmeyer 1972 pt2

CHAPTER II

Laboratory Study

Scott (1958)

specimens

Field Study

c co -IN (J~r

I 2I ( -8

I ))LLshy

-shy t3

r Iq Ls1ij

~Gf6 I II~ ~~~~ r t- rIq ~ )_n

==- ~ w ~

11 J5-~~ f-- ~ 1 0y-- 0lt0

O~~ 7 I 0

I J53 y~d-~ I l~ ~

~~__- J ( ltAd (

1 Jf 3i~3C) 3( ~oI

J1 ~ ~

were as follows

KSTC inward

distribution curve

5K(TL) VI 103

L = length in mID

of K near unity

CHAPTER III

Species Behavior

Ingestive Behavior

substance

Agonistic Behavior

Sexual Behavior

on 27 July 1971

to shift also

the aquarium

the subject

then spit out

Escape Behavior

the front glass

I me1as

Field Study

for 1 natalis

31761 m bull

11 5 3

12 4 3

13 3 5

18 1 2

19 3 3

TABLE I (Continued)

20 4 4

27 3 14

30 ~ 2

32 1 1

33 3 4

34 1 2

37 4 1

1 30 2 05 300

2 10 2 04 80

3 65 4 04 1040

4 30 3 06 540

5 15 2 05 150

6 70 4 12 3360

7 20 3 12 720

8 30 2 05 150

9 65 5 20 6500

10 10 3 08 240

11 60 3 09 1620

12 20 15 15 4500

13 50 4 08 1600

14 50 3 08 1200

15 40 8 08 2560

16 40 4 09 1440

17 25 15 20 7500

18 10 2 08 160

Station Length m

Width m

Depth m

Area m3

19 15 3 15 675

20 10 3 10 300

21 40 4 15 2400

22 2 2 05 20

23 15 5 10 750

24 60 4 08 1920

25 20 4 08 640

26 100 5 05 2500

27 5 3 04 60

28 5 3 04 60

29 20 2 04 160

30 35 4 10 1400

31 60 4 12 2880

32 40 4 15 4200

33 25 7 10 1500

34 12 5 10 600

35 bull 80 7 15 8400

36 45 5 12 2700

37 40 2 04 320

vegetation

a mean of 50degC

collecting stations

I melas only 15

10 mud and gravel

16 rock

17 mud and silt

27 mud and gravel

29 mud and gravel

33 mud and debri

ing station

than I melas

13 (08

26 lt08

32 (08

35 (08

08 14 8

08 30 47

13 41 35

17 14 10

25 1 0

collecting station

for I melas

station

1 dirt

2 X dirt and tree

3 X dirt and tree

4 dirt

5 dirt

6 dirt

7 X dirt and tree

8 X dirt

11 X dirt and tree

12 dirt

13 dirt

14 X dirt and tree

15 X dirt

17 dirt

19 X dirt

20 dirt and grass

22 X dirt and grass

24 X dirt and grass

25 dirt

28 X dirt and grass

1 none

2 filamentous algae

3 filamentous algae

4 filamentous algae

5 filamentous algae

8 filamentous algae

13 coontail

14 coontail

15 coontail

17 coontail

different pools

collecting days

August

10 278 200 2997 Down 52

11 31 7 200 3008 Steady 35

12 328 167 2999 Steady 48

13 31 7 200 3002 Steady 20

14 333 178 3009 Up 28

16 ---shy 183 3019 Down 59

17 31 7 150 3013 Down 45

18 311 156 3002 Down 45

19 317 226 3005 Down 37

20 333 200 3003 Down 32

21 333 206 2993 Steady 63

23 ---shy 189 2992 Down 54

24 333 217 3004 Steady 43 co

26 361 178 3005 Up 47

27 333 156 3011 Down 49

30 ---shy 128 3010 Down 46

31 294 133 3003 Down 42

September

1 300 172 2995 Steady 41

3 333 206 2983 Down 52

4 328 244 29~83 Down 70

7 ---shy 21 7 2994 Down 54

8 339 228 2995 Down SO

9 367 161 3000 Down 49

10 350 183 2995 Down 46

13 ---shy 150 2995 Down 38

14 31 7 189 2971 Steady 37 ~ 0

15 322 156 3003 Down 36

16 300 83 3006 Steady 47

17 222 11 7 3028 Down 41 Trace

21 ---- 50 3022 Down 16

22 222 106 3020 Down 57 Trace

23 228 89 3040 Down 44

24 211 106 3026 Down 70

25 189 133 2996 Steady 87 90

27 ---- 211 2976 Down 42

28 306 211 2990 Up 57

29 322 200 2999 Down 53

30 294 200 2992 Down 50

October

1 3U6 194 2989 Down 56

2 294 167 2991 Up 81 08

4 ---- 67 3012 Down 25

5 228 100 3015 Steady 29

6 267 83 3023 Down 44

7 283 122 3004 Down 36

8 267 139 3008 Steady 37

9 306 33 3018 Steady 43

11 ---- 100 3001 Down 23

12 250 67 2983 Down 23

13 244 67 3004 Down 40

14 300 89 2984 Steady 40

15 211 11 2987 Down 54 In

16 272 161 2998 Down 90

18 ---shy 172 2981 Steady tJ7 31

19 250 100 3001 Steady 53 33

20 172 11 3002 Down 93 26

21 139 122 3019 Down 87

22 144 11 7 3008 Steady 66

23 150 11 7 3009 Steady 88

25 ---shy 89 2999 Steady 75

26 206 144 2972 Down 73

27 244 111 2965 Up 50 04

November

3 194 -06 3031 Down 34

4 167 28 3004 Down 33

8 ---shy -06 3007 Down 76 14 VI N

9 61 11 3032 Down 38

10 56 22 3015 Down 22

11 144 00 3014 Down 22

12 183 78 2984 Down 38

15 ---- 122 3005 Down 59

16 239 128 3005 Down 93 22

17 233 122 2977 Down 70

18 156 28 3005 Up 73 Trace

19 189 -33 3006 Down 41

20 77 44 2989 Steady 30

22 ---- -38 3013 Down 82

23 67 -11 3013 Down 82 Snow-40

24 22 -17 3025 Down 89

humidities

precipitation

unknown) attached

groups II and IV

GRowrH

melas ---shy

-_~~~-~-

L nata1is

_ ___ __~-- 1LV ------t- ----~-------- -- shy -I -----------f---------t-------~-- ------~~- -I

~ j 12

9 ti Cf)

~ 5 ~ 4

100 150

H U ~ p (I)

20 ~ 0

~ ~ rQ

I II III

AGE IN YEARS IV

2S v ~ p ]

30 ~ 0 T ~ ~

sect i

Absolute Growth

IX and X

I 128 294

II 164 513

III 192 1008

IV 242 1730

I 122 169

II 162 476

III 217 1280

IV 246 1968

1 melas

I natalis

AGE IN YEARS

1StII I

51 I r

r4 ~ H

~ HZ ~ u Z H

c H o Z ~ I

----__-_

1 y bull --shy

AGE IN YEARS

I natalis

150J UJ

~ cr Z H

Eo-ltr 0shyH

~ 100 ~

II I melasI

102 1 130 141 1 450

110 2 145 144 1 330

114 1 170 145 1 380

115 1 50 146 1 290

11 7 2 245 149 1 450

118 1 330 151 2 375

121 1 340 153 2 395

123 1 270 150 1 450

124 1 270 157 2 390

125 4 245 158 1 320

126 3 327 160 1 400

129 1 330 161 2 530

130 1 300 162 1 580

131 2 350 163 2 590

134 2 235 164 1 600

135 2 360 165 2 520

136 1 410 167 2 455

137 1 450 169 1 600

138 1 430 170 1 700

173 1 620 188 1 820

174 1 620 191 1 1070

178 1 600 195 2 1050

180 2 670 196 1 1090

182 1 750 199 1 1100

183 1 860 205 1 1430

184 1 1010 208 1 1220

185 2 850 215 1 1220

186 4 943 242 1 1730

104 1 160 154 2 375

105 1 30 155 1 340

111 1 90 158 2 430

115 2 235 160 1 380

11 7 1 40 161 1 560

118 2 190 162 3 503

125 2 170 163 3 483

126 1 190 166 1 450

130 3 190 167 1 550

133 1 170 168 1 720

139 2 215 169 1 570

142 3 293 170 2 540

145 3 340 172 1 560

147 3 303 173 1 710

148 1 290 174 1 470

149 1 250 175 2 640

150 3 393 176 1 720

151 3 470 178 1 700

152 2 290 179 1 500

153 2 310 180 1 850

185 2 745 217 1 1180

186 1 650 220 1 1300

187 1 580 222 1 1360

200 1 820 227 1 1480

202 1 1230 228 1 1360

211 1 1310 245 3 1973

212 2 1150 250 1 1950

I me1as log W ~ -29533 + 37974 log L

Condition Factor

102 13 123 137 45 1 75

110 245 109 138 43 164

114 17 115 141 45 161

115 5 033 144 33 loll

11 7 245 103 145 38 125

118 33 201 146 29 093

121 34 192 149 45 136

123 27 145 151 375 109

124 27 142 153 395 loll

125 245 126 156 45 119

126 326 163 157 39 101

129 33 154 158 32 081

130 30 137 160 40 098

131 35 156 161 53 128

134 235 098 162 58 136

135 36 146 163 59 136

136 41 163 164 60 136

165 52 116 185 85 134

167 455 098 186 943 148 169 60 124 188 82 123

170 70 142 191 107 154

173 62 120 195 105 142

174 62 118 196 109 145

178 60 106 199 110 140

180 67 115 205 143 166

182 75 124 208 122 136

183 86 140 215 122 123

184 101 162 242 173 122

104 16 142 152 29 083

105 j 026 153 31 087

111 9 066 154 375 103

115 235 155 155 34 091

117 4 025 158 43 109

118 19 116 160 38 093

125 17 087 161 56 134

126 19 095 162 503 118

130 19 086 163 483 112

133 17 072 166 45 098

139 215 080 167 55 118

142 193 102 168 72 152

145 34 loll 169 57 118

147 303 095 170 54 110

148 29 089 172 56 110

149 25 076 173 71 137

150 393 117 174 47 089

151 47 140 175 64 120

176 72 132 211 131 139

178 70 124 212 115 121

179 50 087 21 7 118 115

180 85 146 220 130 122

185 745 118 222 136 124

186 65 101 227 148 127

187 58 089 228 136 115

200 82 103 245 1973 134

202 123 149 250 195 125

~ ai 100 tf)

r 50__

to bull

bull -_

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 1~ 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

200middot

~~~ ~_

~----- bull 10 1

11 12 I

14 Imiddot

15 Imiddot

16 I -j

19 20 21 22 23 24 25

1 34 138

2 26 115

3 18 142

4 1 122

1 17 092

2 54 110

3 9 126

4 4 132

CHAPTER IV

SUMMARY

the study fish

44degC

age group II

LITERATURE CITED

1962 ishes

DetershyTrans

Lohmeyer 1972

Lohmeyer 1972 pt2

Scott (1958)

specimens

Field Study

c co -IN (J~r

I 2I ( -8

I ))LLshy

-shy t3

r Iq Ls1ij

~Gf6 I II~ ~~~~ r t- rIq ~ )_n

==- ~ w ~

11 J5-~~ f-- ~ 1 0y-- 0lt0

O~~ 7 I 0

I J53 y~d-~ I l~ ~

~~__- J ( ltAd (

1 Jf 3i~3C) 3( ~oI

J1 ~ ~

were as follows

KSTC inward

distribution curve

5K(TL) VI 103

L = length in mID

of K near unity

CHAPTER III

Species Behavior

Ingestive Behavior

substance

Agonistic Behavior

Sexual Behavior

on 27 July 1971

to shift also

the aquarium

the subject

then spit out

Escape Behavior

the front glass

I me1as

Field Study

for 1 natalis

31761 m bull

11 5 3

12 4 3

13 3 5

18 1 2

19 3 3

TABLE I (Continued)

20 4 4

27 3 14

30 ~ 2

32 1 1

33 3 4

34 1 2

37 4 1

1 30 2 05 300

2 10 2 04 80

3 65 4 04 1040

4 30 3 06 540

5 15 2 05 150

6 70 4 12 3360

7 20 3 12 720

8 30 2 05 150

9 65 5 20 6500

10 10 3 08 240

11 60 3 09 1620

12 20 15 15 4500

13 50 4 08 1600

14 50 3 08 1200

15 40 8 08 2560

16 40 4 09 1440

17 25 15 20 7500

18 10 2 08 160

Station Length m

Width m

Depth m

Area m3

19 15 3 15 675

20 10 3 10 300

21 40 4 15 2400

22 2 2 05 20

23 15 5 10 750

24 60 4 08 1920

25 20 4 08 640

26 100 5 05 2500

27 5 3 04 60

28 5 3 04 60

29 20 2 04 160

30 35 4 10 1400

31 60 4 12 2880

32 40 4 15 4200

33 25 7 10 1500

34 12 5 10 600

35 bull 80 7 15 8400

36 45 5 12 2700

37 40 2 04 320

vegetation

a mean of 50degC

collecting stations

I melas only 15

10 mud and gravel

16 rock

17 mud and silt

27 mud and gravel

29 mud and gravel

33 mud and debri

ing station

than I melas

13 (08

26 lt08

32 (08

35 (08

08 14 8

08 30 47

13 41 35

17 14 10

25 1 0

collecting station

for I melas

station

1 dirt

2 X dirt and tree

3 X dirt and tree

4 dirt

5 dirt

6 dirt

7 X dirt and tree

8 X dirt

11 X dirt and tree

12 dirt

13 dirt

14 X dirt and tree

15 X dirt

17 dirt

19 X dirt

20 dirt and grass

22 X dirt and grass

24 X dirt and grass

25 dirt

28 X dirt and grass

1 none

2 filamentous algae

3 filamentous algae

4 filamentous algae

5 filamentous algae

8 filamentous algae

13 coontail

14 coontail

15 coontail

17 coontail

different pools

collecting days

August

10 278 200 2997 Down 52

11 31 7 200 3008 Steady 35

12 328 167 2999 Steady 48

13 31 7 200 3002 Steady 20

14 333 178 3009 Up 28

16 ---shy 183 3019 Down 59

17 31 7 150 3013 Down 45

18 311 156 3002 Down 45

19 317 226 3005 Down 37

20 333 200 3003 Down 32

21 333 206 2993 Steady 63

23 ---shy 189 2992 Down 54

24 333 217 3004 Steady 43 co

26 361 178 3005 Up 47

27 333 156 3011 Down 49

30 ---shy 128 3010 Down 46

31 294 133 3003 Down 42

September

1 300 172 2995 Steady 41

3 333 206 2983 Down 52

4 328 244 29~83 Down 70

7 ---shy 21 7 2994 Down 54

8 339 228 2995 Down SO

9 367 161 3000 Down 49

10 350 183 2995 Down 46

13 ---shy 150 2995 Down 38

14 31 7 189 2971 Steady 37 ~ 0

15 322 156 3003 Down 36

16 300 83 3006 Steady 47

17 222 11 7 3028 Down 41 Trace

21 ---- 50 3022 Down 16

22 222 106 3020 Down 57 Trace

23 228 89 3040 Down 44

24 211 106 3026 Down 70

25 189 133 2996 Steady 87 90

27 ---- 211 2976 Down 42

28 306 211 2990 Up 57

29 322 200 2999 Down 53

30 294 200 2992 Down 50

October

1 3U6 194 2989 Down 56

2 294 167 2991 Up 81 08

4 ---- 67 3012 Down 25

5 228 100 3015 Steady 29

6 267 83 3023 Down 44

7 283 122 3004 Down 36

8 267 139 3008 Steady 37

9 306 33 3018 Steady 43

11 ---- 100 3001 Down 23

12 250 67 2983 Down 23

13 244 67 3004 Down 40

14 300 89 2984 Steady 40

15 211 11 2987 Down 54 In

16 272 161 2998 Down 90

18 ---shy 172 2981 Steady tJ7 31

19 250 100 3001 Steady 53 33

20 172 11 3002 Down 93 26

21 139 122 3019 Down 87

22 144 11 7 3008 Steady 66

23 150 11 7 3009 Steady 88

25 ---shy 89 2999 Steady 75

26 206 144 2972 Down 73

27 244 111 2965 Up 50 04

November

3 194 -06 3031 Down 34

4 167 28 3004 Down 33

8 ---shy -06 3007 Down 76 14 VI N

9 61 11 3032 Down 38

10 56 22 3015 Down 22

11 144 00 3014 Down 22

12 183 78 2984 Down 38

15 ---- 122 3005 Down 59

16 239 128 3005 Down 93 22

17 233 122 2977 Down 70

18 156 28 3005 Up 73 Trace

19 189 -33 3006 Down 41

20 77 44 2989 Steady 30

22 ---- -38 3013 Down 82

23 67 -11 3013 Down 82 Snow-40

24 22 -17 3025 Down 89

humidities

precipitation

unknown) attached

groups II and IV

GRowrH

melas ---shy

-_~~~-~-

L nata1is

_ ___ __~-- 1LV ------t- ----~-------- -- shy -I -----------f---------t-------~-- ------~~- -I

~ j 12

9 ti Cf)

~ 5 ~ 4

100 150

H U ~ p (I)

20 ~ 0

~ ~ rQ

I II III

AGE IN YEARS IV

2S v ~ p ]

30 ~ 0 T ~ ~

sect i

Absolute Growth

IX and X

I 128 294

II 164 513

III 192 1008

IV 242 1730

I 122 169

II 162 476

III 217 1280

IV 246 1968

1 melas

I natalis

AGE IN YEARS

1StII I

51 I r

r4 ~ H

~ HZ ~ u Z H

c H o Z ~ I

----__-_

1 y bull --shy

AGE IN YEARS

I natalis

150J UJ

~ cr Z H

Eo-ltr 0shyH

~ 100 ~

II I melasI

102 1 130 141 1 450

110 2 145 144 1 330

114 1 170 145 1 380

115 1 50 146 1 290

11 7 2 245 149 1 450

118 1 330 151 2 375

121 1 340 153 2 395

123 1 270 150 1 450

124 1 270 157 2 390

125 4 245 158 1 320

126 3 327 160 1 400

129 1 330 161 2 530

130 1 300 162 1 580

131 2 350 163 2 590

134 2 235 164 1 600

135 2 360 165 2 520

136 1 410 167 2 455

137 1 450 169 1 600

138 1 430 170 1 700

173 1 620 188 1 820

174 1 620 191 1 1070

178 1 600 195 2 1050

180 2 670 196 1 1090

182 1 750 199 1 1100

183 1 860 205 1 1430

184 1 1010 208 1 1220

185 2 850 215 1 1220

186 4 943 242 1 1730

104 1 160 154 2 375

105 1 30 155 1 340

111 1 90 158 2 430

115 2 235 160 1 380

11 7 1 40 161 1 560

118 2 190 162 3 503

125 2 170 163 3 483

126 1 190 166 1 450

130 3 190 167 1 550

133 1 170 168 1 720

139 2 215 169 1 570

142 3 293 170 2 540

145 3 340 172 1 560

147 3 303 173 1 710

148 1 290 174 1 470

149 1 250 175 2 640

150 3 393 176 1 720

151 3 470 178 1 700

152 2 290 179 1 500

153 2 310 180 1 850

185 2 745 217 1 1180

186 1 650 220 1 1300

187 1 580 222 1 1360

200 1 820 227 1 1480

202 1 1230 228 1 1360

211 1 1310 245 3 1973

212 2 1150 250 1 1950

I me1as log W ~ -29533 + 37974 log L

Condition Factor

102 13 123 137 45 1 75

110 245 109 138 43 164

114 17 115 141 45 161

115 5 033 144 33 loll

11 7 245 103 145 38 125

118 33 201 146 29 093

121 34 192 149 45 136

123 27 145 151 375 109

124 27 142 153 395 loll

125 245 126 156 45 119

126 326 163 157 39 101

129 33 154 158 32 081

130 30 137 160 40 098

131 35 156 161 53 128

134 235 098 162 58 136

135 36 146 163 59 136

136 41 163 164 60 136

165 52 116 185 85 134

167 455 098 186 943 148 169 60 124 188 82 123

170 70 142 191 107 154

173 62 120 195 105 142

174 62 118 196 109 145

178 60 106 199 110 140

180 67 115 205 143 166

182 75 124 208 122 136

183 86 140 215 122 123

184 101 162 242 173 122

104 16 142 152 29 083

105 j 026 153 31 087

111 9 066 154 375 103

115 235 155 155 34 091

117 4 025 158 43 109

118 19 116 160 38 093

125 17 087 161 56 134

126 19 095 162 503 118

130 19 086 163 483 112

133 17 072 166 45 098

139 215 080 167 55 118

142 193 102 168 72 152

145 34 loll 169 57 118

147 303 095 170 54 110

148 29 089 172 56 110

149 25 076 173 71 137

150 393 117 174 47 089

151 47 140 175 64 120

176 72 132 211 131 139

178 70 124 212 115 121

179 50 087 21 7 118 115

180 85 146 220 130 122

185 745 118 222 136 124

186 65 101 227 148 127

187 58 089 228 136 115

200 82 103 245 1973 134

202 123 149 250 195 125

~ ai 100 tf)

r 50__

to bull

bull -_

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 1~ 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

200middot

~~~ ~_

~----- bull 10 1

11 12 I

14 Imiddot

15 Imiddot

16 I -j

19 20 21 22 23 24 25

1 34 138

2 26 115

3 18 142

4 1 122

1 17 092

2 54 110

3 9 126

4 4 132

CHAPTER IV

SUMMARY

the study fish

44degC

age group II

LITERATURE CITED

1962 ishes

DetershyTrans

Lohmeyer 1972

Lohmeyer 1972 pt2

specimens

Field Study

c co -IN (J~r

I 2I ( -8

I ))LLshy

-shy t3

r Iq Ls1ij

~Gf6 I II~ ~~~~ r t- rIq ~ )_n

==- ~ w ~

11 J5-~~ f-- ~ 1 0y-- 0lt0

O~~ 7 I 0

I J53 y~d-~ I l~ ~

~~__- J ( ltAd (

1 Jf 3i~3C) 3( ~oI

J1 ~ ~

were as follows

KSTC inward

distribution curve

5K(TL) VI 103

L = length in mID

of K near unity

CHAPTER III

Species Behavior

Ingestive Behavior

substance

Agonistic Behavior

Sexual Behavior

on 27 July 1971

to shift also

the aquarium

the subject

then spit out

Escape Behavior

the front glass

I me1as

Field Study

for 1 natalis

31761 m bull

11 5 3

12 4 3

13 3 5

18 1 2

19 3 3

TABLE I (Continued)

20 4 4

27 3 14

30 ~ 2

32 1 1

33 3 4

34 1 2

37 4 1

1 30 2 05 300

2 10 2 04 80

3 65 4 04 1040

4 30 3 06 540

5 15 2 05 150

6 70 4 12 3360

7 20 3 12 720

8 30 2 05 150

9 65 5 20 6500

10 10 3 08 240

11 60 3 09 1620

12 20 15 15 4500

13 50 4 08 1600

14 50 3 08 1200

15 40 8 08 2560

16 40 4 09 1440

17 25 15 20 7500

18 10 2 08 160

Station Length m

Width m

Depth m

Area m3

19 15 3 15 675

20 10 3 10 300

21 40 4 15 2400

22 2 2 05 20

23 15 5 10 750

24 60 4 08 1920

25 20 4 08 640

26 100 5 05 2500

27 5 3 04 60

28 5 3 04 60

29 20 2 04 160

30 35 4 10 1400

31 60 4 12 2880

32 40 4 15 4200

33 25 7 10 1500

34 12 5 10 600

35 bull 80 7 15 8400

36 45 5 12 2700

37 40 2 04 320

vegetation

a mean of 50degC

collecting stations

I melas only 15

10 mud and gravel

16 rock

17 mud and silt

27 mud and gravel

29 mud and gravel

33 mud and debri

ing station

than I melas

13 (08

26 lt08

32 (08

35 (08

08 14 8

08 30 47

13 41 35

17 14 10

25 1 0

collecting station

for I melas

station

1 dirt

2 X dirt and tree

3 X dirt and tree

4 dirt

5 dirt

6 dirt

7 X dirt and tree

8 X dirt

11 X dirt and tree

12 dirt

13 dirt

14 X dirt and tree

15 X dirt

17 dirt

19 X dirt

20 dirt and grass

22 X dirt and grass

24 X dirt and grass

25 dirt

28 X dirt and grass

1 none

2 filamentous algae

3 filamentous algae

4 filamentous algae

5 filamentous algae

8 filamentous algae

13 coontail

14 coontail

15 coontail

17 coontail

different pools

collecting days

August

10 278 200 2997 Down 52

11 31 7 200 3008 Steady 35

12 328 167 2999 Steady 48

13 31 7 200 3002 Steady 20

14 333 178 3009 Up 28

16 ---shy 183 3019 Down 59

17 31 7 150 3013 Down 45

18 311 156 3002 Down 45

19 317 226 3005 Down 37

20 333 200 3003 Down 32

21 333 206 2993 Steady 63

23 ---shy 189 2992 Down 54

24 333 217 3004 Steady 43 co

26 361 178 3005 Up 47

27 333 156 3011 Down 49

30 ---shy 128 3010 Down 46

31 294 133 3003 Down 42

September

1 300 172 2995 Steady 41

3 333 206 2983 Down 52

4 328 244 29~83 Down 70

7 ---shy 21 7 2994 Down 54

8 339 228 2995 Down SO

9 367 161 3000 Down 49

10 350 183 2995 Down 46

13 ---shy 150 2995 Down 38

14 31 7 189 2971 Steady 37 ~ 0

15 322 156 3003 Down 36

16 300 83 3006 Steady 47

17 222 11 7 3028 Down 41 Trace

21 ---- 50 3022 Down 16

22 222 106 3020 Down 57 Trace

23 228 89 3040 Down 44

24 211 106 3026 Down 70

25 189 133 2996 Steady 87 90

27 ---- 211 2976 Down 42

28 306 211 2990 Up 57

29 322 200 2999 Down 53

30 294 200 2992 Down 50

October

1 3U6 194 2989 Down 56

2 294 167 2991 Up 81 08

4 ---- 67 3012 Down 25

5 228 100 3015 Steady 29

6 267 83 3023 Down 44

7 283 122 3004 Down 36

8 267 139 3008 Steady 37

9 306 33 3018 Steady 43

11 ---- 100 3001 Down 23

12 250 67 2983 Down 23

13 244 67 3004 Down 40

14 300 89 2984 Steady 40

15 211 11 2987 Down 54 In

16 272 161 2998 Down 90

18 ---shy 172 2981 Steady tJ7 31

19 250 100 3001 Steady 53 33

20 172 11 3002 Down 93 26

21 139 122 3019 Down 87

22 144 11 7 3008 Steady 66

23 150 11 7 3009 Steady 88

25 ---shy 89 2999 Steady 75

26 206 144 2972 Down 73

27 244 111 2965 Up 50 04

November

3 194 -06 3031 Down 34

4 167 28 3004 Down 33

8 ---shy -06 3007 Down 76 14 VI N

9 61 11 3032 Down 38

10 56 22 3015 Down 22

11 144 00 3014 Down 22

12 183 78 2984 Down 38

15 ---- 122 3005 Down 59

16 239 128 3005 Down 93 22

17 233 122 2977 Down 70

18 156 28 3005 Up 73 Trace

19 189 -33 3006 Down 41

20 77 44 2989 Steady 30

22 ---- -38 3013 Down 82

23 67 -11 3013 Down 82 Snow-40

24 22 -17 3025 Down 89

humidities

precipitation

unknown) attached

groups II and IV

GRowrH

melas ---shy

-_~~~-~-

L nata1is

_ ___ __~-- 1LV ------t- ----~-------- -- shy -I -----------f---------t-------~-- ------~~- -I

~ j 12

9 ti Cf)

~ 5 ~ 4

100 150

H U ~ p (I)

20 ~ 0

~ ~ rQ

I II III

AGE IN YEARS IV

2S v ~ p ]

30 ~ 0 T ~ ~

sect i

Absolute Growth

IX and X

I 128 294

II 164 513

III 192 1008

IV 242 1730

I 122 169

II 162 476

III 217 1280

IV 246 1968

1 melas

I natalis

AGE IN YEARS

1StII I

51 I r

r4 ~ H

~ HZ ~ u Z H

c H o Z ~ I

----__-_

1 y bull --shy

AGE IN YEARS

I natalis

150J UJ

~ cr Z H

Eo-ltr 0shyH

~ 100 ~

II I melasI

102 1 130 141 1 450

110 2 145 144 1 330

114 1 170 145 1 380

115 1 50 146 1 290

11 7 2 245 149 1 450

118 1 330 151 2 375

121 1 340 153 2 395

123 1 270 150 1 450

124 1 270 157 2 390

125 4 245 158 1 320

126 3 327 160 1 400

129 1 330 161 2 530

130 1 300 162 1 580

131 2 350 163 2 590

134 2 235 164 1 600

135 2 360 165 2 520

136 1 410 167 2 455

137 1 450 169 1 600

138 1 430 170 1 700

173 1 620 188 1 820

174 1 620 191 1 1070

178 1 600 195 2 1050

180 2 670 196 1 1090

182 1 750 199 1 1100

183 1 860 205 1 1430

184 1 1010 208 1 1220

185 2 850 215 1 1220

186 4 943 242 1 1730

104 1 160 154 2 375

105 1 30 155 1 340

111 1 90 158 2 430

115 2 235 160 1 380

11 7 1 40 161 1 560

118 2 190 162 3 503

125 2 170 163 3 483

126 1 190 166 1 450

130 3 190 167 1 550

133 1 170 168 1 720

139 2 215 169 1 570

142 3 293 170 2 540

145 3 340 172 1 560

147 3 303 173 1 710

148 1 290 174 1 470

149 1 250 175 2 640

150 3 393 176 1 720

151 3 470 178 1 700

152 2 290 179 1 500

153 2 310 180 1 850

185 2 745 217 1 1180

186 1 650 220 1 1300

187 1 580 222 1 1360

200 1 820 227 1 1480

202 1 1230 228 1 1360

211 1 1310 245 3 1973

212 2 1150 250 1 1950

I me1as log W ~ -29533 + 37974 log L

Condition Factor

102 13 123 137 45 1 75

110 245 109 138 43 164

114 17 115 141 45 161

115 5 033 144 33 loll

11 7 245 103 145 38 125

118 33 201 146 29 093

121 34 192 149 45 136

123 27 145 151 375 109

124 27 142 153 395 loll

125 245 126 156 45 119

126 326 163 157 39 101

129 33 154 158 32 081

130 30 137 160 40 098

131 35 156 161 53 128

134 235 098 162 58 136

135 36 146 163 59 136

136 41 163 164 60 136

165 52 116 185 85 134

167 455 098 186 943 148 169 60 124 188 82 123

170 70 142 191 107 154

173 62 120 195 105 142

174 62 118 196 109 145

178 60 106 199 110 140

180 67 115 205 143 166

182 75 124 208 122 136

183 86 140 215 122 123

184 101 162 242 173 122

104 16 142 152 29 083

105 j 026 153 31 087

111 9 066 154 375 103

115 235 155 155 34 091

117 4 025 158 43 109

118 19 116 160 38 093

125 17 087 161 56 134

126 19 095 162 503 118

130 19 086 163 483 112

133 17 072 166 45 098

139 215 080 167 55 118

142 193 102 168 72 152

145 34 loll 169 57 118

147 303 095 170 54 110

148 29 089 172 56 110

149 25 076 173 71 137

150 393 117 174 47 089

151 47 140 175 64 120

176 72 132 211 131 139

178 70 124 212 115 121

179 50 087 21 7 118 115

180 85 146 220 130 122

185 745 118 222 136 124

186 65 101 227 148 127

187 58 089 228 136 115

200 82 103 245 1973 134

202 123 149 250 195 125

~ ai 100 tf)

r 50__

to bull

bull -_

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 1~ 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

200middot

~~~ ~_

~----- bull 10 1

11 12 I

14 Imiddot

15 Imiddot

16 I -j

19 20 21 22 23 24 25

1 34 138

2 26 115

3 18 142

4 1 122

1 17 092

2 54 110

3 9 126

4 4 132

CHAPTER IV

SUMMARY

the study fish

44degC

age group II

LITERATURE CITED

1962 ishes

DetershyTrans

Lohmeyer 1972

Lohmeyer 1972 pt2

c co -IN (J~r

I 2I ( -8

I ))LLshy

-shy t3

r Iq Ls1ij

~Gf6 I II~ ~~~~ r t- rIq ~ )_n

==- ~ w ~

11 J5-~~ f-- ~ 1 0y-- 0lt0

O~~ 7 I 0

I J53 y~d-~ I l~ ~

~~__- J ( ltAd (

1 Jf 3i~3C) 3( ~oI

J1 ~ ~

were as follows

KSTC inward

distribution curve

5K(TL) VI 103

L = length in mID

of K near unity

CHAPTER III

Species Behavior

Ingestive Behavior

substance

Agonistic Behavior

Sexual Behavior

on 27 July 1971

to shift also

the aquarium

the subject

then spit out

Escape Behavior

the front glass

I me1as

Field Study

for 1 natalis

31761 m bull

11 5 3

12 4 3

13 3 5

18 1 2

19 3 3

TABLE I (Continued)

20 4 4

27 3 14

30 ~ 2

32 1 1

33 3 4

34 1 2

37 4 1

1 30 2 05 300

2 10 2 04 80

3 65 4 04 1040

4 30 3 06 540

5 15 2 05 150

6 70 4 12 3360

7 20 3 12 720

8 30 2 05 150

9 65 5 20 6500

10 10 3 08 240

11 60 3 09 1620

12 20 15 15 4500

13 50 4 08 1600

14 50 3 08 1200

15 40 8 08 2560

16 40 4 09 1440

17 25 15 20 7500

18 10 2 08 160

Station Length m

Width m

Depth m

Area m3

19 15 3 15 675

20 10 3 10 300

21 40 4 15 2400

22 2 2 05 20

23 15 5 10 750

24 60 4 08 1920

25 20 4 08 640

26 100 5 05 2500

27 5 3 04 60

28 5 3 04 60

29 20 2 04 160

30 35 4 10 1400

31 60 4 12 2880

32 40 4 15 4200

33 25 7 10 1500

34 12 5 10 600

35 bull 80 7 15 8400

36 45 5 12 2700

37 40 2 04 320

vegetation

a mean of 50degC

collecting stations

I melas only 15

10 mud and gravel

16 rock

17 mud and silt

27 mud and gravel

29 mud and gravel

33 mud and debri

ing station

than I melas

13 (08

26 lt08

32 (08

35 (08

08 14 8

08 30 47

13 41 35

17 14 10

25 1 0

collecting station

for I melas

station

1 dirt

2 X dirt and tree

3 X dirt and tree

4 dirt

5 dirt

6 dirt

7 X dirt and tree

8 X dirt

11 X dirt and tree

12 dirt

13 dirt

14 X dirt and tree

15 X dirt

17 dirt

19 X dirt

20 dirt and grass

22 X dirt and grass

24 X dirt and grass

25 dirt

28 X dirt and grass

1 none

2 filamentous algae

3 filamentous algae

4 filamentous algae

5 filamentous algae

8 filamentous algae

13 coontail

14 coontail

15 coontail

17 coontail

different pools

collecting days

August

10 278 200 2997 Down 52

11 31 7 200 3008 Steady 35

12 328 167 2999 Steady 48

13 31 7 200 3002 Steady 20

14 333 178 3009 Up 28

16 ---shy 183 3019 Down 59

17 31 7 150 3013 Down 45

18 311 156 3002 Down 45

19 317 226 3005 Down 37

20 333 200 3003 Down 32

21 333 206 2993 Steady 63

23 ---shy 189 2992 Down 54

24 333 217 3004 Steady 43 co

26 361 178 3005 Up 47

27 333 156 3011 Down 49

30 ---shy 128 3010 Down 46

31 294 133 3003 Down 42

September

1 300 172 2995 Steady 41

3 333 206 2983 Down 52

4 328 244 29~83 Down 70

7 ---shy 21 7 2994 Down 54

8 339 228 2995 Down SO

9 367 161 3000 Down 49

10 350 183 2995 Down 46

13 ---shy 150 2995 Down 38

14 31 7 189 2971 Steady 37 ~ 0

15 322 156 3003 Down 36

16 300 83 3006 Steady 47

17 222 11 7 3028 Down 41 Trace

21 ---- 50 3022 Down 16

22 222 106 3020 Down 57 Trace

23 228 89 3040 Down 44

24 211 106 3026 Down 70

25 189 133 2996 Steady 87 90

27 ---- 211 2976 Down 42

28 306 211 2990 Up 57

29 322 200 2999 Down 53

30 294 200 2992 Down 50

October

1 3U6 194 2989 Down 56

2 294 167 2991 Up 81 08

4 ---- 67 3012 Down 25

5 228 100 3015 Steady 29

6 267 83 3023 Down 44

7 283 122 3004 Down 36

8 267 139 3008 Steady 37

9 306 33 3018 Steady 43

11 ---- 100 3001 Down 23

12 250 67 2983 Down 23

13 244 67 3004 Down 40

14 300 89 2984 Steady 40

15 211 11 2987 Down 54 In

16 272 161 2998 Down 90

18 ---shy 172 2981 Steady tJ7 31

19 250 100 3001 Steady 53 33

20 172 11 3002 Down 93 26

21 139 122 3019 Down 87

22 144 11 7 3008 Steady 66

23 150 11 7 3009 Steady 88

25 ---shy 89 2999 Steady 75

26 206 144 2972 Down 73

27 244 111 2965 Up 50 04

November

3 194 -06 3031 Down 34

4 167 28 3004 Down 33

8 ---shy -06 3007 Down 76 14 VI N

9 61 11 3032 Down 38

10 56 22 3015 Down 22

11 144 00 3014 Down 22

12 183 78 2984 Down 38

15 ---- 122 3005 Down 59

16 239 128 3005 Down 93 22

17 233 122 2977 Down 70

18 156 28 3005 Up 73 Trace

19 189 -33 3006 Down 41

20 77 44 2989 Steady 30

22 ---- -38 3013 Down 82

23 67 -11 3013 Down 82 Snow-40

24 22 -17 3025 Down 89

humidities

precipitation

unknown) attached

groups II and IV

GRowrH

melas ---shy

-_~~~-~-

L nata1is

_ ___ __~-- 1LV ------t- ----~-------- -- shy -I -----------f---------t-------~-- ------~~- -I

~ j 12

9 ti Cf)

~ 5 ~ 4

100 150

H U ~ p (I)

20 ~ 0

~ ~ rQ

I II III

AGE IN YEARS IV

2S v ~ p ]

30 ~ 0 T ~ ~

sect i

Absolute Growth

IX and X

I 128 294

II 164 513

III 192 1008

IV 242 1730

I 122 169

II 162 476

III 217 1280

IV 246 1968

1 melas

I natalis

AGE IN YEARS

1StII I

51 I r

r4 ~ H

~ HZ ~ u Z H

c H o Z ~ I

----__-_

1 y bull --shy

AGE IN YEARS

I natalis

150J UJ

~ cr Z H

Eo-ltr 0shyH

~ 100 ~

II I melasI

102 1 130 141 1 450

110 2 145 144 1 330

114 1 170 145 1 380

115 1 50 146 1 290

11 7 2 245 149 1 450

118 1 330 151 2 375

121 1 340 153 2 395

123 1 270 150 1 450

124 1 270 157 2 390

125 4 245 158 1 320

126 3 327 160 1 400

129 1 330 161 2 530

130 1 300 162 1 580

131 2 350 163 2 590

134 2 235 164 1 600

135 2 360 165 2 520

136 1 410 167 2 455

137 1 450 169 1 600

138 1 430 170 1 700

173 1 620 188 1 820

174 1 620 191 1 1070

178 1 600 195 2 1050

180 2 670 196 1 1090

182 1 750 199 1 1100

183 1 860 205 1 1430

184 1 1010 208 1 1220

185 2 850 215 1 1220

186 4 943 242 1 1730

104 1 160 154 2 375

105 1 30 155 1 340

111 1 90 158 2 430

115 2 235 160 1 380

11 7 1 40 161 1 560

118 2 190 162 3 503

125 2 170 163 3 483

126 1 190 166 1 450

130 3 190 167 1 550

133 1 170 168 1 720

139 2 215 169 1 570

142 3 293 170 2 540

145 3 340 172 1 560

147 3 303 173 1 710

148 1 290 174 1 470

149 1 250 175 2 640

150 3 393 176 1 720

151 3 470 178 1 700

152 2 290 179 1 500

153 2 310 180 1 850

185 2 745 217 1 1180

186 1 650 220 1 1300

187 1 580 222 1 1360

200 1 820 227 1 1480

202 1 1230 228 1 1360

211 1 1310 245 3 1973

212 2 1150 250 1 1950

I me1as log W ~ -29533 + 37974 log L

Condition Factor

102 13 123 137 45 1 75

110 245 109 138 43 164

114 17 115 141 45 161

115 5 033 144 33 loll

11 7 245 103 145 38 125

118 33 201 146 29 093

121 34 192 149 45 136

123 27 145 151 375 109

124 27 142 153 395 loll

125 245 126 156 45 119

126 326 163 157 39 101

129 33 154 158 32 081

130 30 137 160 40 098

131 35 156 161 53 128

134 235 098 162 58 136

135 36 146 163 59 136

136 41 163 164 60 136

165 52 116 185 85 134

167 455 098 186 943 148 169 60 124 188 82 123

170 70 142 191 107 154

173 62 120 195 105 142

174 62 118 196 109 145

178 60 106 199 110 140

180 67 115 205 143 166

182 75 124 208 122 136

183 86 140 215 122 123

184 101 162 242 173 122

104 16 142 152 29 083

105 j 026 153 31 087

111 9 066 154 375 103

115 235 155 155 34 091

117 4 025 158 43 109

118 19 116 160 38 093

125 17 087 161 56 134

126 19 095 162 503 118

130 19 086 163 483 112

133 17 072 166 45 098

139 215 080 167 55 118

142 193 102 168 72 152

145 34 loll 169 57 118

147 303 095 170 54 110

148 29 089 172 56 110

149 25 076 173 71 137

150 393 117 174 47 089

151 47 140 175 64 120

176 72 132 211 131 139

178 70 124 212 115 121

179 50 087 21 7 118 115

180 85 146 220 130 122

185 745 118 222 136 124

186 65 101 227 148 127

187 58 089 228 136 115

200 82 103 245 1973 134

202 123 149 250 195 125

~ ai 100 tf)

r 50__

to bull

bull -_

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 1~ 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

200middot

~~~ ~_

~----- bull 10 1

11 12 I

14 Imiddot

15 Imiddot

16 I -j

19 20 21 22 23 24 25

1 34 138

2 26 115

3 18 142

4 1 122

1 17 092

2 54 110

3 9 126

4 4 132

CHAPTER IV

SUMMARY

the study fish

44degC

age group II

LITERATURE CITED

1962 ishes

DetershyTrans

Lohmeyer 1972

Lohmeyer 1972 pt2

c co -IN (J~r

I 2I ( -8

I ))LLshy

-shy t3

r Iq Ls1ij

~Gf6 I II~ ~~~~ r t- rIq ~ )_n

==- ~ w ~

11 J5-~~ f-- ~ 1 0y-- 0lt0

O~~ 7 I 0

I J53 y~d-~ I l~ ~

~~__- J ( ltAd (

1 Jf 3i~3C) 3( ~oI

J1 ~ ~

were as follows

KSTC inward

distribution curve

5K(TL) VI 103

L = length in mID

of K near unity

CHAPTER III

Species Behavior

Ingestive Behavior

substance

Agonistic Behavior

Sexual Behavior

on 27 July 1971

to shift also

the aquarium

the subject

then spit out

Escape Behavior

the front glass

I me1as

Field Study

for 1 natalis

31761 m bull

11 5 3

12 4 3

13 3 5

18 1 2

19 3 3

TABLE I (Continued)

20 4 4

27 3 14

30 ~ 2

32 1 1

33 3 4

34 1 2

37 4 1

1 30 2 05 300

2 10 2 04 80

3 65 4 04 1040

4 30 3 06 540

5 15 2 05 150

6 70 4 12 3360

7 20 3 12 720

8 30 2 05 150

9 65 5 20 6500

10 10 3 08 240

11 60 3 09 1620

12 20 15 15 4500

13 50 4 08 1600

14 50 3 08 1200

15 40 8 08 2560

16 40 4 09 1440

17 25 15 20 7500

18 10 2 08 160

Station Length m

Width m

Depth m

Area m3

19 15 3 15 675

20 10 3 10 300

21 40 4 15 2400

22 2 2 05 20

23 15 5 10 750

24 60 4 08 1920

25 20 4 08 640

26 100 5 05 2500

27 5 3 04 60

28 5 3 04 60

29 20 2 04 160

30 35 4 10 1400

31 60 4 12 2880

32 40 4 15 4200

33 25 7 10 1500

34 12 5 10 600

35 bull 80 7 15 8400

36 45 5 12 2700

37 40 2 04 320

vegetation

a mean of 50degC

collecting stations

I melas only 15

10 mud and gravel

16 rock

17 mud and silt

27 mud and gravel

29 mud and gravel

33 mud and debri

ing station

than I melas

13 (08

26 lt08

32 (08

35 (08

08 14 8

08 30 47

13 41 35

17 14 10

25 1 0

collecting station

for I melas

station

1 dirt

2 X dirt and tree

3 X dirt and tree

4 dirt

5 dirt

6 dirt

7 X dirt and tree

8 X dirt

11 X dirt and tree

12 dirt

13 dirt

14 X dirt and tree

15 X dirt

17 dirt

19 X dirt

20 dirt and grass

22 X dirt and grass

24 X dirt and grass

25 dirt

28 X dirt and grass

1 none

2 filamentous algae

3 filamentous algae

4 filamentous algae

5 filamentous algae

8 filamentous algae

13 coontail

14 coontail

15 coontail

17 coontail

different pools

collecting days

August

10 278 200 2997 Down 52

11 31 7 200 3008 Steady 35

12 328 167 2999 Steady 48

13 31 7 200 3002 Steady 20

14 333 178 3009 Up 28

16 ---shy 183 3019 Down 59

17 31 7 150 3013 Down 45

18 311 156 3002 Down 45

19 317 226 3005 Down 37

20 333 200 3003 Down 32

21 333 206 2993 Steady 63

23 ---shy 189 2992 Down 54

24 333 217 3004 Steady 43 co

26 361 178 3005 Up 47

27 333 156 3011 Down 49

30 ---shy 128 3010 Down 46

31 294 133 3003 Down 42

September

1 300 172 2995 Steady 41

3 333 206 2983 Down 52

4 328 244 29~83 Down 70

7 ---shy 21 7 2994 Down 54

8 339 228 2995 Down SO

9 367 161 3000 Down 49

10 350 183 2995 Down 46

13 ---shy 150 2995 Down 38

14 31 7 189 2971 Steady 37 ~ 0

15 322 156 3003 Down 36

16 300 83 3006 Steady 47

17 222 11 7 3028 Down 41 Trace

21 ---- 50 3022 Down 16

22 222 106 3020 Down 57 Trace

23 228 89 3040 Down 44

24 211 106 3026 Down 70

25 189 133 2996 Steady 87 90

27 ---- 211 2976 Down 42

28 306 211 2990 Up 57

29 322 200 2999 Down 53

30 294 200 2992 Down 50

October

1 3U6 194 2989 Down 56

2 294 167 2991 Up 81 08

4 ---- 67 3012 Down 25

5 228 100 3015 Steady 29

6 267 83 3023 Down 44

7 283 122 3004 Down 36

8 267 139 3008 Steady 37

9 306 33 3018 Steady 43

11 ---- 100 3001 Down 23

12 250 67 2983 Down 23

13 244 67 3004 Down 40

14 300 89 2984 Steady 40

15 211 11 2987 Down 54 In

16 272 161 2998 Down 90

18 ---shy 172 2981 Steady tJ7 31

19 250 100 3001 Steady 53 33

20 172 11 3002 Down 93 26

21 139 122 3019 Down 87

22 144 11 7 3008 Steady 66

23 150 11 7 3009 Steady 88

25 ---shy 89 2999 Steady 75

26 206 144 2972 Down 73

27 244 111 2965 Up 50 04

November

3 194 -06 3031 Down 34

4 167 28 3004 Down 33

8 ---shy -06 3007 Down 76 14 VI N

9 61 11 3032 Down 38

10 56 22 3015 Down 22

11 144 00 3014 Down 22

12 183 78 2984 Down 38

15 ---- 122 3005 Down 59

16 239 128 3005 Down 93 22

17 233 122 2977 Down 70

18 156 28 3005 Up 73 Trace

19 189 -33 3006 Down 41

20 77 44 2989 Steady 30

22 ---- -38 3013 Down 82

23 67 -11 3013 Down 82 Snow-40

24 22 -17 3025 Down 89

humidities

precipitation

unknown) attached

groups II and IV

GRowrH

melas ---shy

-_~~~-~-

L nata1is

_ ___ __~-- 1LV ------t- ----~-------- -- shy -I -----------f---------t-------~-- ------~~- -I

~ j 12

9 ti Cf)

~ 5 ~ 4

100 150

H U ~ p (I)

20 ~ 0

~ ~ rQ

I II III

AGE IN YEARS IV

2S v ~ p ]

30 ~ 0 T ~ ~

sect i

Absolute Growth

IX and X

I 128 294

II 164 513

III 192 1008

IV 242 1730

I 122 169

II 162 476

III 217 1280

IV 246 1968

1 melas

I natalis

AGE IN YEARS

1StII I

51 I r

r4 ~ H

~ HZ ~ u Z H

c H o Z ~ I

----__-_

1 y bull --shy

AGE IN YEARS

I natalis

150J UJ

~ cr Z H

Eo-ltr 0shyH

~ 100 ~

II I melasI

102 1 130 141 1 450

110 2 145 144 1 330

114 1 170 145 1 380

115 1 50 146 1 290

11 7 2 245 149 1 450

118 1 330 151 2 375

121 1 340 153 2 395

123 1 270 150 1 450

124 1 270 157 2 390

125 4 245 158 1 320

126 3 327 160 1 400

129 1 330 161 2 530

130 1 300 162 1 580

131 2 350 163 2 590

134 2 235 164 1 600

135 2 360 165 2 520

136 1 410 167 2 455

137 1 450 169 1 600

138 1 430 170 1 700

173 1 620 188 1 820

174 1 620 191 1 1070

178 1 600 195 2 1050

180 2 670 196 1 1090

182 1 750 199 1 1100

183 1 860 205 1 1430

184 1 1010 208 1 1220

185 2 850 215 1 1220

186 4 943 242 1 1730

104 1 160 154 2 375

105 1 30 155 1 340

111 1 90 158 2 430

115 2 235 160 1 380

11 7 1 40 161 1 560

118 2 190 162 3 503

125 2 170 163 3 483

126 1 190 166 1 450

130 3 190 167 1 550

133 1 170 168 1 720

139 2 215 169 1 570

142 3 293 170 2 540

145 3 340 172 1 560

147 3 303 173 1 710

148 1 290 174 1 470

149 1 250 175 2 640

150 3 393 176 1 720

151 3 470 178 1 700

152 2 290 179 1 500

153 2 310 180 1 850

185 2 745 217 1 1180

186 1 650 220 1 1300

187 1 580 222 1 1360

200 1 820 227 1 1480

202 1 1230 228 1 1360

211 1 1310 245 3 1973

212 2 1150 250 1 1950

I me1as log W ~ -29533 + 37974 log L

Condition Factor

102 13 123 137 45 1 75

110 245 109 138 43 164

114 17 115 141 45 161

115 5 033 144 33 loll

11 7 245 103 145 38 125

118 33 201 146 29 093

121 34 192 149 45 136

123 27 145 151 375 109

124 27 142 153 395 loll

125 245 126 156 45 119

126 326 163 157 39 101

129 33 154 158 32 081

130 30 137 160 40 098

131 35 156 161 53 128

134 235 098 162 58 136

135 36 146 163 59 136

136 41 163 164 60 136

165 52 116 185 85 134

167 455 098 186 943 148 169 60 124 188 82 123

170 70 142 191 107 154

173 62 120 195 105 142

174 62 118 196 109 145

178 60 106 199 110 140

180 67 115 205 143 166

182 75 124 208 122 136

183 86 140 215 122 123

184 101 162 242 173 122

104 16 142 152 29 083

105 j 026 153 31 087

111 9 066 154 375 103

115 235 155 155 34 091

117 4 025 158 43 109

118 19 116 160 38 093

125 17 087 161 56 134

126 19 095 162 503 118

130 19 086 163 483 112

133 17 072 166 45 098

139 215 080 167 55 118

142 193 102 168 72 152

145 34 loll 169 57 118

147 303 095 170 54 110

148 29 089 172 56 110

149 25 076 173 71 137

150 393 117 174 47 089

151 47 140 175 64 120

176 72 132 211 131 139

178 70 124 212 115 121

179 50 087 21 7 118 115

180 85 146 220 130 122

185 745 118 222 136 124

186 65 101 227 148 127

187 58 089 228 136 115

200 82 103 245 1973 134

202 123 149 250 195 125

~ ai 100 tf)

r 50__

to bull

bull -_

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 1~ 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

200middot

~~~ ~_

~----- bull 10 1

11 12 I

14 Imiddot

15 Imiddot

16 I -j

19 20 21 22 23 24 25

1 34 138

2 26 115

3 18 142

4 1 122

1 17 092

2 54 110

3 9 126

4 4 132

CHAPTER IV

SUMMARY

the study fish

44degC

age group II

LITERATURE CITED

1962 ishes

DetershyTrans

Lohmeyer 1972

Lohmeyer 1972 pt2

were as follows

KSTC inward

distribution curve

5K(TL) VI 103

L = length in mID

of K near unity

CHAPTER III

Species Behavior

Ingestive Behavior

substance

Agonistic Behavior

Sexual Behavior

on 27 July 1971

to shift also

the aquarium

the subject

then spit out

Escape Behavior

the front glass

I me1as

Field Study

for 1 natalis

31761 m bull

11 5 3

12 4 3

13 3 5

18 1 2

19 3 3

TABLE I (Continued)

20 4 4

27 3 14

30 ~ 2

32 1 1

33 3 4

34 1 2

37 4 1

1 30 2 05 300

2 10 2 04 80

3 65 4 04 1040

4 30 3 06 540

5 15 2 05 150

6 70 4 12 3360

7 20 3 12 720

8 30 2 05 150

9 65 5 20 6500

10 10 3 08 240

11 60 3 09 1620

12 20 15 15 4500

13 50 4 08 1600

14 50 3 08 1200

15 40 8 08 2560

16 40 4 09 1440

17 25 15 20 7500

18 10 2 08 160

Station Length m

Width m

Depth m

Area m3

19 15 3 15 675

20 10 3 10 300

21 40 4 15 2400

22 2 2 05 20

23 15 5 10 750

24 60 4 08 1920

25 20 4 08 640

26 100 5 05 2500

27 5 3 04 60

28 5 3 04 60

29 20 2 04 160

30 35 4 10 1400

31 60 4 12 2880

32 40 4 15 4200

33 25 7 10 1500

34 12 5 10 600

35 bull 80 7 15 8400

36 45 5 12 2700

37 40 2 04 320

vegetation

a mean of 50degC

collecting stations

I melas only 15

10 mud and gravel

16 rock

17 mud and silt

27 mud and gravel

29 mud and gravel

33 mud and debri

ing station

than I melas

13 (08

26 lt08

32 (08

35 (08

08 14 8

08 30 47

13 41 35

17 14 10

25 1 0

collecting station

for I melas

station

1 dirt

2 X dirt and tree

3 X dirt and tree

4 dirt

5 dirt

6 dirt

7 X dirt and tree

8 X dirt

11 X dirt and tree

12 dirt

13 dirt

14 X dirt and tree

15 X dirt

17 dirt

19 X dirt

20 dirt and grass

22 X dirt and grass

24 X dirt and grass

25 dirt

28 X dirt and grass

1 none

2 filamentous algae

3 filamentous algae

4 filamentous algae

5 filamentous algae

8 filamentous algae

13 coontail

14 coontail

15 coontail

17 coontail

different pools

collecting days

August

10 278 200 2997 Down 52

11 31 7 200 3008 Steady 35

12 328 167 2999 Steady 48

13 31 7 200 3002 Steady 20

14 333 178 3009 Up 28

16 ---shy 183 3019 Down 59

17 31 7 150 3013 Down 45

18 311 156 3002 Down 45

19 317 226 3005 Down 37

20 333 200 3003 Down 32

21 333 206 2993 Steady 63

23 ---shy 189 2992 Down 54

24 333 217 3004 Steady 43 co

26 361 178 3005 Up 47

27 333 156 3011 Down 49

30 ---shy 128 3010 Down 46

31 294 133 3003 Down 42

September

1 300 172 2995 Steady 41

3 333 206 2983 Down 52

4 328 244 29~83 Down 70

7 ---shy 21 7 2994 Down 54

8 339 228 2995 Down SO

9 367 161 3000 Down 49

10 350 183 2995 Down 46

13 ---shy 150 2995 Down 38

14 31 7 189 2971 Steady 37 ~ 0

15 322 156 3003 Down 36

16 300 83 3006 Steady 47

17 222 11 7 3028 Down 41 Trace

21 ---- 50 3022 Down 16

22 222 106 3020 Down 57 Trace

23 228 89 3040 Down 44

24 211 106 3026 Down 70

25 189 133 2996 Steady 87 90

27 ---- 211 2976 Down 42

28 306 211 2990 Up 57

29 322 200 2999 Down 53

30 294 200 2992 Down 50

October

1 3U6 194 2989 Down 56

2 294 167 2991 Up 81 08

4 ---- 67 3012 Down 25

5 228 100 3015 Steady 29

6 267 83 3023 Down 44

7 283 122 3004 Down 36

8 267 139 3008 Steady 37

9 306 33 3018 Steady 43

11 ---- 100 3001 Down 23

12 250 67 2983 Down 23

13 244 67 3004 Down 40

14 300 89 2984 Steady 40

15 211 11 2987 Down 54 In

16 272 161 2998 Down 90

18 ---shy 172 2981 Steady tJ7 31

19 250 100 3001 Steady 53 33

20 172 11 3002 Down 93 26

21 139 122 3019 Down 87

22 144 11 7 3008 Steady 66

23 150 11 7 3009 Steady 88

25 ---shy 89 2999 Steady 75

26 206 144 2972 Down 73

27 244 111 2965 Up 50 04

November

3 194 -06 3031 Down 34

4 167 28 3004 Down 33

8 ---shy -06 3007 Down 76 14 VI N

9 61 11 3032 Down 38

10 56 22 3015 Down 22

11 144 00 3014 Down 22

12 183 78 2984 Down 38

15 ---- 122 3005 Down 59

16 239 128 3005 Down 93 22

17 233 122 2977 Down 70

18 156 28 3005 Up 73 Trace

19 189 -33 3006 Down 41

20 77 44 2989 Steady 30

22 ---- -38 3013 Down 82

23 67 -11 3013 Down 82 Snow-40

24 22 -17 3025 Down 89

humidities

precipitation

unknown) attached

groups II and IV

GRowrH

melas ---shy

-_~~~-~-

L nata1is

_ ___ __~-- 1LV ------t- ----~-------- -- shy -I -----------f---------t-------~-- ------~~- -I

~ j 12

9 ti Cf)

~ 5 ~ 4

100 150

H U ~ p (I)

20 ~ 0

~ ~ rQ

I II III

AGE IN YEARS IV

2S v ~ p ]

30 ~ 0 T ~ ~

sect i

Absolute Growth

IX and X

I 128 294

II 164 513

III 192 1008

IV 242 1730

I 122 169

II 162 476

III 217 1280

IV 246 1968

1 melas

I natalis

AGE IN YEARS

1StII I

51 I r

r4 ~ H

~ HZ ~ u Z H

c H o Z ~ I

----__-_

1 y bull --shy

AGE IN YEARS

I natalis

150J UJ

~ cr Z H

Eo-ltr 0shyH

~ 100 ~

II I melasI

102 1 130 141 1 450

110 2 145 144 1 330

114 1 170 145 1 380

115 1 50 146 1 290

11 7 2 245 149 1 450

118 1 330 151 2 375

121 1 340 153 2 395

123 1 270 150 1 450

124 1 270 157 2 390

125 4 245 158 1 320

126 3 327 160 1 400

129 1 330 161 2 530

130 1 300 162 1 580

131 2 350 163 2 590

134 2 235 164 1 600

135 2 360 165 2 520

136 1 410 167 2 455

137 1 450 169 1 600

138 1 430 170 1 700

173 1 620 188 1 820

174 1 620 191 1 1070

178 1 600 195 2 1050

180 2 670 196 1 1090

182 1 750 199 1 1100

183 1 860 205 1 1430

184 1 1010 208 1 1220

185 2 850 215 1 1220

186 4 943 242 1 1730

104 1 160 154 2 375

105 1 30 155 1 340

111 1 90 158 2 430

115 2 235 160 1 380

11 7 1 40 161 1 560

118 2 190 162 3 503

125 2 170 163 3 483

126 1 190 166 1 450

130 3 190 167 1 550

133 1 170 168 1 720

139 2 215 169 1 570

142 3 293 170 2 540

145 3 340 172 1 560

147 3 303 173 1 710

148 1 290 174 1 470

149 1 250 175 2 640

150 3 393 176 1 720

151 3 470 178 1 700

152 2 290 179 1 500

153 2 310 180 1 850

185 2 745 217 1 1180

186 1 650 220 1 1300

187 1 580 222 1 1360

200 1 820 227 1 1480

202 1 1230 228 1 1360

211 1 1310 245 3 1973

212 2 1150 250 1 1950

I me1as log W ~ -29533 + 37974 log L

Condition Factor

102 13 123 137 45 1 75

110 245 109 138 43 164

114 17 115 141 45 161

115 5 033 144 33 loll

11 7 245 103 145 38 125

118 33 201 146 29 093

121 34 192 149 45 136

123 27 145 151 375 109

124 27 142 153 395 loll

125 245 126 156 45 119

126 326 163 157 39 101

129 33 154 158 32 081

130 30 137 160 40 098

131 35 156 161 53 128

134 235 098 162 58 136

135 36 146 163 59 136

136 41 163 164 60 136

165 52 116 185 85 134

167 455 098 186 943 148 169 60 124 188 82 123

170 70 142 191 107 154

173 62 120 195 105 142

174 62 118 196 109 145

178 60 106 199 110 140

180 67 115 205 143 166

182 75 124 208 122 136

183 86 140 215 122 123

184 101 162 242 173 122

104 16 142 152 29 083

105 j 026 153 31 087

111 9 066 154 375 103

115 235 155 155 34 091

117 4 025 158 43 109

118 19 116 160 38 093

125 17 087 161 56 134

126 19 095 162 503 118

130 19 086 163 483 112

133 17 072 166 45 098

139 215 080 167 55 118

142 193 102 168 72 152

145 34 loll 169 57 118

147 303 095 170 54 110

148 29 089 172 56 110

149 25 076 173 71 137

150 393 117 174 47 089

151 47 140 175 64 120

176 72 132 211 131 139

178 70 124 212 115 121

179 50 087 21 7 118 115

180 85 146 220 130 122

185 745 118 222 136 124

186 65 101 227 148 127

187 58 089 228 136 115

200 82 103 245 1973 134

202 123 149 250 195 125

~ ai 100 tf)

r 50__

to bull

bull -_

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 1~ 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

200middot

~~~ ~_

~----- bull 10 1

11 12 I

14 Imiddot

15 Imiddot

16 I -j

19 20 21 22 23 24 25

1 34 138

2 26 115

3 18 142

4 1 122

1 17 092

2 54 110

3 9 126

4 4 132

CHAPTER IV

SUMMARY

the study fish

44degC

age group II

LITERATURE CITED

1962 ishes

DetershyTrans

Lohmeyer 1972

Lohmeyer 1972 pt2

KSTC inward

distribution curve

5K(TL) VI 103

L = length in mID

of K near unity

CHAPTER III

Species Behavior

Ingestive Behavior

substance

Agonistic Behavior

Sexual Behavior

on 27 July 1971

to shift also

the aquarium

the subject

then spit out

Escape Behavior

the front glass

I me1as

Field Study

for 1 natalis

31761 m bull

11 5 3

12 4 3

13 3 5

18 1 2

19 3 3

TABLE I (Continued)

20 4 4

27 3 14

30 ~ 2

32 1 1

33 3 4

34 1 2

37 4 1

1 30 2 05 300

2 10 2 04 80

3 65 4 04 1040

4 30 3 06 540

5 15 2 05 150

6 70 4 12 3360

7 20 3 12 720

8 30 2 05 150

9 65 5 20 6500

10 10 3 08 240

11 60 3 09 1620

12 20 15 15 4500

13 50 4 08 1600

14 50 3 08 1200

15 40 8 08 2560

16 40 4 09 1440

17 25 15 20 7500

18 10 2 08 160

Station Length m

Width m

Depth m

Area m3

19 15 3 15 675

20 10 3 10 300

21 40 4 15 2400

22 2 2 05 20

23 15 5 10 750

24 60 4 08 1920

25 20 4 08 640

26 100 5 05 2500

27 5 3 04 60

28 5 3 04 60

29 20 2 04 160

30 35 4 10 1400

31 60 4 12 2880

32 40 4 15 4200

33 25 7 10 1500

34 12 5 10 600

35 bull 80 7 15 8400

36 45 5 12 2700

37 40 2 04 320

vegetation

a mean of 50degC

collecting stations

I melas only 15

10 mud and gravel

16 rock

17 mud and silt

27 mud and gravel

29 mud and gravel

33 mud and debri

ing station

than I melas

13 (08

26 lt08

32 (08

35 (08

08 14 8

08 30 47

13 41 35

17 14 10

25 1 0

collecting station

for I melas

station

1 dirt

2 X dirt and tree

3 X dirt and tree

4 dirt

5 dirt

6 dirt

7 X dirt and tree

8 X dirt

11 X dirt and tree

12 dirt

13 dirt

14 X dirt and tree

15 X dirt

17 dirt

19 X dirt

20 dirt and grass

22 X dirt and grass

24 X dirt and grass

25 dirt

28 X dirt and grass

1 none

2 filamentous algae

3 filamentous algae

4 filamentous algae

5 filamentous algae

8 filamentous algae

13 coontail

14 coontail

15 coontail

17 coontail

different pools

collecting days

August

10 278 200 2997 Down 52

11 31 7 200 3008 Steady 35

12 328 167 2999 Steady 48

13 31 7 200 3002 Steady 20

14 333 178 3009 Up 28

16 ---shy 183 3019 Down 59

17 31 7 150 3013 Down 45

18 311 156 3002 Down 45

19 317 226 3005 Down 37

20 333 200 3003 Down 32

21 333 206 2993 Steady 63

23 ---shy 189 2992 Down 54

24 333 217 3004 Steady 43 co

26 361 178 3005 Up 47

27 333 156 3011 Down 49

30 ---shy 128 3010 Down 46

31 294 133 3003 Down 42

September

1 300 172 2995 Steady 41

3 333 206 2983 Down 52

4 328 244 29~83 Down 70

7 ---shy 21 7 2994 Down 54

8 339 228 2995 Down SO

9 367 161 3000 Down 49

10 350 183 2995 Down 46

13 ---shy 150 2995 Down 38

14 31 7 189 2971 Steady 37 ~ 0

15 322 156 3003 Down 36

16 300 83 3006 Steady 47

17 222 11 7 3028 Down 41 Trace

21 ---- 50 3022 Down 16

22 222 106 3020 Down 57 Trace

23 228 89 3040 Down 44

24 211 106 3026 Down 70

25 189 133 2996 Steady 87 90

27 ---- 211 2976 Down 42

28 306 211 2990 Up 57

29 322 200 2999 Down 53

30 294 200 2992 Down 50

October

1 3U6 194 2989 Down 56

2 294 167 2991 Up 81 08

4 ---- 67 3012 Down 25

5 228 100 3015 Steady 29

6 267 83 3023 Down 44

7 283 122 3004 Down 36

8 267 139 3008 Steady 37

9 306 33 3018 Steady 43

11 ---- 100 3001 Down 23

12 250 67 2983 Down 23

13 244 67 3004 Down 40

14 300 89 2984 Steady 40

15 211 11 2987 Down 54 In

16 272 161 2998 Down 90

18 ---shy 172 2981 Steady tJ7 31

19 250 100 3001 Steady 53 33

20 172 11 3002 Down 93 26

21 139 122 3019 Down 87

22 144 11 7 3008 Steady 66

23 150 11 7 3009 Steady 88

25 ---shy 89 2999 Steady 75

26 206 144 2972 Down 73

27 244 111 2965 Up 50 04

November

3 194 -06 3031 Down 34

4 167 28 3004 Down 33

8 ---shy -06 3007 Down 76 14 VI N

9 61 11 3032 Down 38

10 56 22 3015 Down 22

11 144 00 3014 Down 22

12 183 78 2984 Down 38

15 ---- 122 3005 Down 59

16 239 128 3005 Down 93 22

17 233 122 2977 Down 70

18 156 28 3005 Up 73 Trace

19 189 -33 3006 Down 41

20 77 44 2989 Steady 30

22 ---- -38 3013 Down 82

23 67 -11 3013 Down 82 Snow-40

24 22 -17 3025 Down 89

humidities

precipitation

unknown) attached

groups II and IV

GRowrH

melas ---shy

-_~~~-~-

L nata1is

_ ___ __~-- 1LV ------t- ----~-------- -- shy -I -----------f---------t-------~-- ------~~- -I

~ j 12

9 ti Cf)

~ 5 ~ 4

100 150

H U ~ p (I)

20 ~ 0

~ ~ rQ

I II III

AGE IN YEARS IV

2S v ~ p ]

30 ~ 0 T ~ ~

sect i

Absolute Growth

IX and X

I 128 294

II 164 513

III 192 1008

IV 242 1730

I 122 169

II 162 476

III 217 1280

IV 246 1968

1 melas

I natalis

AGE IN YEARS

1StII I

51 I r

r4 ~ H

~ HZ ~ u Z H

c H o Z ~ I

----__-_

1 y bull --shy

AGE IN YEARS

I natalis

150J UJ

~ cr Z H

Eo-ltr 0shyH

~ 100 ~

II I melasI

102 1 130 141 1 450

110 2 145 144 1 330

114 1 170 145 1 380

115 1 50 146 1 290

11 7 2 245 149 1 450

118 1 330 151 2 375

121 1 340 153 2 395

123 1 270 150 1 450

124 1 270 157 2 390

125 4 245 158 1 320

126 3 327 160 1 400

129 1 330 161 2 530

130 1 300 162 1 580

131 2 350 163 2 590

134 2 235 164 1 600

135 2 360 165 2 520

136 1 410 167 2 455

137 1 450 169 1 600

138 1 430 170 1 700

173 1 620 188 1 820

174 1 620 191 1 1070

178 1 600 195 2 1050

180 2 670 196 1 1090

182 1 750 199 1 1100

183 1 860 205 1 1430

184 1 1010 208 1 1220

185 2 850 215 1 1220

186 4 943 242 1 1730

104 1 160 154 2 375

105 1 30 155 1 340

111 1 90 158 2 430

115 2 235 160 1 380

11 7 1 40 161 1 560

118 2 190 162 3 503

125 2 170 163 3 483

126 1 190 166 1 450

130 3 190 167 1 550

133 1 170 168 1 720

139 2 215 169 1 570

142 3 293 170 2 540

145 3 340 172 1 560

147 3 303 173 1 710

148 1 290 174 1 470

149 1 250 175 2 640

150 3 393 176 1 720

151 3 470 178 1 700

152 2 290 179 1 500

153 2 310 180 1 850

185 2 745 217 1 1180

186 1 650 220 1 1300

187 1 580 222 1 1360

200 1 820 227 1 1480

202 1 1230 228 1 1360

211 1 1310 245 3 1973

212 2 1150 250 1 1950

I me1as log W ~ -29533 + 37974 log L

Condition Factor

102 13 123 137 45 1 75

110 245 109 138 43 164

114 17 115 141 45 161

115 5 033 144 33 loll

11 7 245 103 145 38 125

118 33 201 146 29 093

121 34 192 149 45 136

123 27 145 151 375 109

124 27 142 153 395 loll

125 245 126 156 45 119

126 326 163 157 39 101

129 33 154 158 32 081

130 30 137 160 40 098

131 35 156 161 53 128

134 235 098 162 58 136

135 36 146 163 59 136

136 41 163 164 60 136

165 52 116 185 85 134

167 455 098 186 943 148 169 60 124 188 82 123

170 70 142 191 107 154

173 62 120 195 105 142

174 62 118 196 109 145

178 60 106 199 110 140

180 67 115 205 143 166

182 75 124 208 122 136

183 86 140 215 122 123

184 101 162 242 173 122

104 16 142 152 29 083

105 j 026 153 31 087

111 9 066 154 375 103

115 235 155 155 34 091

117 4 025 158 43 109

118 19 116 160 38 093

125 17 087 161 56 134

126 19 095 162 503 118

130 19 086 163 483 112

133 17 072 166 45 098

139 215 080 167 55 118

142 193 102 168 72 152

145 34 loll 169 57 118

147 303 095 170 54 110

148 29 089 172 56 110

149 25 076 173 71 137

150 393 117 174 47 089

151 47 140 175 64 120

176 72 132 211 131 139

178 70 124 212 115 121

179 50 087 21 7 118 115

180 85 146 220 130 122

185 745 118 222 136 124

186 65 101 227 148 127

187 58 089 228 136 115

200 82 103 245 1973 134

202 123 149 250 195 125

~ ai 100 tf)

r 50__

to bull

bull -_

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 1~ 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

200middot

~~~ ~_

~----- bull 10 1

11 12 I

14 Imiddot

15 Imiddot

16 I -j

19 20 21 22 23 24 25

1 34 138

2 26 115

3 18 142

4 1 122

1 17 092

2 54 110

3 9 126

4 4 132

CHAPTER IV

SUMMARY

the study fish

44degC

age group II

LITERATURE CITED

1962 ishes

DetershyTrans

Lohmeyer 1972

Lohmeyer 1972 pt2

5K(TL) VI 103

L = length in mID

of K near unity

CHAPTER III

Species Behavior

Ingestive Behavior

substance

Agonistic Behavior

Sexual Behavior

on 27 July 1971

to shift also

the aquarium

the subject

then spit out

Escape Behavior

the front glass

I me1as

Field Study

for 1 natalis

31761 m bull

11 5 3

12 4 3

13 3 5

18 1 2

19 3 3

TABLE I (Continued)

20 4 4

27 3 14

30 ~ 2

32 1 1

33 3 4

34 1 2

37 4 1

1 30 2 05 300

2 10 2 04 80

3 65 4 04 1040

4 30 3 06 540

5 15 2 05 150

6 70 4 12 3360

7 20 3 12 720

8 30 2 05 150

9 65 5 20 6500

10 10 3 08 240

11 60 3 09 1620

12 20 15 15 4500

13 50 4 08 1600

14 50 3 08 1200

15 40 8 08 2560

16 40 4 09 1440

17 25 15 20 7500

18 10 2 08 160

Station Length m

Width m

Depth m

Area m3

19 15 3 15 675

20 10 3 10 300

21 40 4 15 2400

22 2 2 05 20

23 15 5 10 750

24 60 4 08 1920

25 20 4 08 640

26 100 5 05 2500

27 5 3 04 60

28 5 3 04 60

29 20 2 04 160

30 35 4 10 1400

31 60 4 12 2880

32 40 4 15 4200

33 25 7 10 1500

34 12 5 10 600

35 bull 80 7 15 8400

36 45 5 12 2700

37 40 2 04 320

vegetation

a mean of 50degC

collecting stations

I melas only 15

10 mud and gravel

16 rock

17 mud and silt

27 mud and gravel

29 mud and gravel

33 mud and debri

ing station

than I melas

13 (08

26 lt08

32 (08

35 (08

08 14 8

08 30 47

13 41 35

17 14 10

25 1 0

collecting station

for I melas

station

1 dirt

2 X dirt and tree

3 X dirt and tree

4 dirt

5 dirt

6 dirt

7 X dirt and tree

8 X dirt

11 X dirt and tree

12 dirt

13 dirt

14 X dirt and tree

15 X dirt

17 dirt

19 X dirt

20 dirt and grass

22 X dirt and grass

24 X dirt and grass

25 dirt

28 X dirt and grass

1 none

2 filamentous algae

3 filamentous algae

4 filamentous algae

5 filamentous algae

8 filamentous algae

13 coontail

14 coontail

15 coontail

17 coontail

different pools

collecting days

August

10 278 200 2997 Down 52

11 31 7 200 3008 Steady 35

12 328 167 2999 Steady 48

13 31 7 200 3002 Steady 20

14 333 178 3009 Up 28

16 ---shy 183 3019 Down 59

17 31 7 150 3013 Down 45

18 311 156 3002 Down 45

19 317 226 3005 Down 37

20 333 200 3003 Down 32

21 333 206 2993 Steady 63

23 ---shy 189 2992 Down 54

24 333 217 3004 Steady 43 co

26 361 178 3005 Up 47

27 333 156 3011 Down 49

30 ---shy 128 3010 Down 46

31 294 133 3003 Down 42

September

1 300 172 2995 Steady 41

3 333 206 2983 Down 52

4 328 244 29~83 Down 70

7 ---shy 21 7 2994 Down 54

8 339 228 2995 Down SO

9 367 161 3000 Down 49

10 350 183 2995 Down 46

13 ---shy 150 2995 Down 38

14 31 7 189 2971 Steady 37 ~ 0

15 322 156 3003 Down 36

16 300 83 3006 Steady 47

17 222 11 7 3028 Down 41 Trace

21 ---- 50 3022 Down 16

22 222 106 3020 Down 57 Trace

23 228 89 3040 Down 44

24 211 106 3026 Down 70

25 189 133 2996 Steady 87 90

27 ---- 211 2976 Down 42

28 306 211 2990 Up 57

29 322 200 2999 Down 53

30 294 200 2992 Down 50

October

1 3U6 194 2989 Down 56

2 294 167 2991 Up 81 08

4 ---- 67 3012 Down 25

5 228 100 3015 Steady 29

6 267 83 3023 Down 44

7 283 122 3004 Down 36

8 267 139 3008 Steady 37

9 306 33 3018 Steady 43

11 ---- 100 3001 Down 23

12 250 67 2983 Down 23

13 244 67 3004 Down 40

14 300 89 2984 Steady 40

15 211 11 2987 Down 54 In

16 272 161 2998 Down 90

18 ---shy 172 2981 Steady tJ7 31

19 250 100 3001 Steady 53 33

20 172 11 3002 Down 93 26

21 139 122 3019 Down 87

22 144 11 7 3008 Steady 66

23 150 11 7 3009 Steady 88

25 ---shy 89 2999 Steady 75

26 206 144 2972 Down 73

27 244 111 2965 Up 50 04

November

3 194 -06 3031 Down 34

4 167 28 3004 Down 33

8 ---shy -06 3007 Down 76 14 VI N

9 61 11 3032 Down 38

10 56 22 3015 Down 22

11 144 00 3014 Down 22

12 183 78 2984 Down 38

15 ---- 122 3005 Down 59

16 239 128 3005 Down 93 22

17 233 122 2977 Down 70

18 156 28 3005 Up 73 Trace

19 189 -33 3006 Down 41

20 77 44 2989 Steady 30

22 ---- -38 3013 Down 82

23 67 -11 3013 Down 82 Snow-40

24 22 -17 3025 Down 89

humidities

precipitation

unknown) attached

groups II and IV

GRowrH

melas ---shy

-_~~~-~-

L nata1is

_ ___ __~-- 1LV ------t- ----~-------- -- shy -I -----------f---------t-------~-- ------~~- -I

~ j 12

9 ti Cf)

~ 5 ~ 4

100 150

H U ~ p (I)

20 ~ 0

~ ~ rQ

I II III

AGE IN YEARS IV

2S v ~ p ]

30 ~ 0 T ~ ~

sect i

Absolute Growth

IX and X

I 128 294

II 164 513

III 192 1008

IV 242 1730

I 122 169

II 162 476

III 217 1280

IV 246 1968

1 melas

I natalis

AGE IN YEARS

1StII I

51 I r

r4 ~ H

~ HZ ~ u Z H

c H o Z ~ I

----__-_

1 y bull --shy

AGE IN YEARS

I natalis

150J UJ

~ cr Z H

Eo-ltr 0shyH

~ 100 ~

II I melasI

102 1 130 141 1 450

110 2 145 144 1 330

114 1 170 145 1 380

115 1 50 146 1 290

11 7 2 245 149 1 450

118 1 330 151 2 375

121 1 340 153 2 395

123 1 270 150 1 450

124 1 270 157 2 390

125 4 245 158 1 320

126 3 327 160 1 400

129 1 330 161 2 530

130 1 300 162 1 580

131 2 350 163 2 590

134 2 235 164 1 600

135 2 360 165 2 520

136 1 410 167 2 455

137 1 450 169 1 600

138 1 430 170 1 700

173 1 620 188 1 820

174 1 620 191 1 1070

178 1 600 195 2 1050

180 2 670 196 1 1090

182 1 750 199 1 1100

183 1 860 205 1 1430

184 1 1010 208 1 1220

185 2 850 215 1 1220

186 4 943 242 1 1730

104 1 160 154 2 375

105 1 30 155 1 340

111 1 90 158 2 430

115 2 235 160 1 380

11 7 1 40 161 1 560

118 2 190 162 3 503

125 2 170 163 3 483

126 1 190 166 1 450

130 3 190 167 1 550

133 1 170 168 1 720

139 2 215 169 1 570

142 3 293 170 2 540

145 3 340 172 1 560

147 3 303 173 1 710

148 1 290 174 1 470

149 1 250 175 2 640

150 3 393 176 1 720

151 3 470 178 1 700

152 2 290 179 1 500

153 2 310 180 1 850

185 2 745 217 1 1180

186 1 650 220 1 1300

187 1 580 222 1 1360

200 1 820 227 1 1480

202 1 1230 228 1 1360

211 1 1310 245 3 1973

212 2 1150 250 1 1950

I me1as log W ~ -29533 + 37974 log L

Condition Factor

102 13 123 137 45 1 75

110 245 109 138 43 164

114 17 115 141 45 161

115 5 033 144 33 loll

11 7 245 103 145 38 125

118 33 201 146 29 093

121 34 192 149 45 136

123 27 145 151 375 109

124 27 142 153 395 loll

125 245 126 156 45 119

126 326 163 157 39 101

129 33 154 158 32 081

130 30 137 160 40 098

131 35 156 161 53 128

134 235 098 162 58 136

135 36 146 163 59 136

136 41 163 164 60 136

165 52 116 185 85 134

167 455 098 186 943 148 169 60 124 188 82 123

170 70 142 191 107 154

173 62 120 195 105 142

174 62 118 196 109 145

178 60 106 199 110 140

180 67 115 205 143 166

182 75 124 208 122 136

183 86 140 215 122 123

184 101 162 242 173 122

104 16 142 152 29 083

105 j 026 153 31 087

111 9 066 154 375 103

115 235 155 155 34 091

117 4 025 158 43 109

118 19 116 160 38 093

125 17 087 161 56 134

126 19 095 162 503 118

130 19 086 163 483 112

133 17 072 166 45 098

139 215 080 167 55 118

142 193 102 168 72 152

145 34 loll 169 57 118

147 303 095 170 54 110

148 29 089 172 56 110

149 25 076 173 71 137

150 393 117 174 47 089

151 47 140 175 64 120

176 72 132 211 131 139

178 70 124 212 115 121

179 50 087 21 7 118 115

180 85 146 220 130 122

185 745 118 222 136 124

186 65 101 227 148 127

187 58 089 228 136 115

200 82 103 245 1973 134

202 123 149 250 195 125

~ ai 100 tf)

r 50__

to bull

bull -_

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 1~ 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

200middot

~~~ ~_

~----- bull 10 1

11 12 I

14 Imiddot

15 Imiddot

16 I -j

19 20 21 22 23 24 25

1 34 138

2 26 115

3 18 142

4 1 122

1 17 092

2 54 110

3 9 126

4 4 132

CHAPTER IV

SUMMARY

the study fish

44degC

age group II

LITERATURE CITED

1962 ishes

DetershyTrans

Lohmeyer 1972

Lohmeyer 1972 pt2

CHAPTER III

Species Behavior

Ingestive Behavior

substance

Agonistic Behavior

Sexual Behavior

on 27 July 1971

to shift also

the aquarium

the subject

then spit out

Escape Behavior

the front glass

I me1as

Field Study

for 1 natalis

31761 m bull

11 5 3

12 4 3

13 3 5

18 1 2

19 3 3

TABLE I (Continued)

20 4 4

27 3 14

30 ~ 2

32 1 1

33 3 4

34 1 2

37 4 1

1 30 2 05 300

2 10 2 04 80

3 65 4 04 1040

4 30 3 06 540

5 15 2 05 150

6 70 4 12 3360

7 20 3 12 720

8 30 2 05 150

9 65 5 20 6500

10 10 3 08 240

11 60 3 09 1620

12 20 15 15 4500

13 50 4 08 1600

14 50 3 08 1200

15 40 8 08 2560

16 40 4 09 1440

17 25 15 20 7500

18 10 2 08 160

Station Length m

Width m

Depth m

Area m3

19 15 3 15 675

20 10 3 10 300

21 40 4 15 2400

22 2 2 05 20

23 15 5 10 750

24 60 4 08 1920

25 20 4 08 640

26 100 5 05 2500

27 5 3 04 60

28 5 3 04 60

29 20 2 04 160

30 35 4 10 1400

31 60 4 12 2880

32 40 4 15 4200

33 25 7 10 1500

34 12 5 10 600

35 bull 80 7 15 8400

36 45 5 12 2700

37 40 2 04 320

vegetation

a mean of 50degC

collecting stations

I melas only 15

10 mud and gravel

16 rock

17 mud and silt

27 mud and gravel

29 mud and gravel

33 mud and debri

ing station

than I melas

13 (08

26 lt08

32 (08

35 (08

08 14 8

08 30 47

13 41 35

17 14 10

25 1 0

collecting station

for I melas

station

1 dirt

2 X dirt and tree

3 X dirt and tree

4 dirt

5 dirt

6 dirt

7 X dirt and tree

8 X dirt

11 X dirt and tree

12 dirt

13 dirt

14 X dirt and tree

15 X dirt

17 dirt

19 X dirt

20 dirt and grass

22 X dirt and grass

24 X dirt and grass

25 dirt

28 X dirt and grass

1 none

2 filamentous algae

3 filamentous algae

4 filamentous algae

5 filamentous algae

8 filamentous algae

13 coontail

14 coontail

15 coontail

17 coontail

different pools

collecting days

August

10 278 200 2997 Down 52

11 31 7 200 3008 Steady 35

12 328 167 2999 Steady 48

13 31 7 200 3002 Steady 20

14 333 178 3009 Up 28

16 ---shy 183 3019 Down 59

17 31 7 150 3013 Down 45

18 311 156 3002 Down 45

19 317 226 3005 Down 37

20 333 200 3003 Down 32

21 333 206 2993 Steady 63

23 ---shy 189 2992 Down 54

24 333 217 3004 Steady 43 co

26 361 178 3005 Up 47

27 333 156 3011 Down 49

30 ---shy 128 3010 Down 46

31 294 133 3003 Down 42

September

1 300 172 2995 Steady 41

3 333 206 2983 Down 52

4 328 244 29~83 Down 70

7 ---shy 21 7 2994 Down 54

8 339 228 2995 Down SO

9 367 161 3000 Down 49

10 350 183 2995 Down 46

13 ---shy 150 2995 Down 38

14 31 7 189 2971 Steady 37 ~ 0

15 322 156 3003 Down 36

16 300 83 3006 Steady 47

17 222 11 7 3028 Down 41 Trace

21 ---- 50 3022 Down 16

22 222 106 3020 Down 57 Trace

23 228 89 3040 Down 44

24 211 106 3026 Down 70

25 189 133 2996 Steady 87 90

27 ---- 211 2976 Down 42

28 306 211 2990 Up 57

29 322 200 2999 Down 53

30 294 200 2992 Down 50

October

1 3U6 194 2989 Down 56

2 294 167 2991 Up 81 08

4 ---- 67 3012 Down 25

5 228 100 3015 Steady 29

6 267 83 3023 Down 44

7 283 122 3004 Down 36

8 267 139 3008 Steady 37

9 306 33 3018 Steady 43

11 ---- 100 3001 Down 23

12 250 67 2983 Down 23

13 244 67 3004 Down 40

14 300 89 2984 Steady 40

15 211 11 2987 Down 54 In

16 272 161 2998 Down 90

18 ---shy 172 2981 Steady tJ7 31

19 250 100 3001 Steady 53 33

20 172 11 3002 Down 93 26

21 139 122 3019 Down 87

22 144 11 7 3008 Steady 66

23 150 11 7 3009 Steady 88

25 ---shy 89 2999 Steady 75

26 206 144 2972 Down 73

27 244 111 2965 Up 50 04

November

3 194 -06 3031 Down 34

4 167 28 3004 Down 33

8 ---shy -06 3007 Down 76 14 VI N

9 61 11 3032 Down 38

10 56 22 3015 Down 22

11 144 00 3014 Down 22

12 183 78 2984 Down 38

15 ---- 122 3005 Down 59

16 239 128 3005 Down 93 22

17 233 122 2977 Down 70

18 156 28 3005 Up 73 Trace

19 189 -33 3006 Down 41

20 77 44 2989 Steady 30

22 ---- -38 3013 Down 82

23 67 -11 3013 Down 82 Snow-40

24 22 -17 3025 Down 89

humidities

precipitation

unknown) attached

groups II and IV

GRowrH

melas ---shy

-_~~~-~-

L nata1is

_ ___ __~-- 1LV ------t- ----~-------- -- shy -I -----------f---------t-------~-- ------~~- -I

~ j 12

9 ti Cf)

~ 5 ~ 4

100 150

H U ~ p (I)

20 ~ 0

~ ~ rQ

I II III

AGE IN YEARS IV

2S v ~ p ]

30 ~ 0 T ~ ~

sect i

Absolute Growth

IX and X

I 128 294

II 164 513

III 192 1008

IV 242 1730

I 122 169

II 162 476

III 217 1280

IV 246 1968

1 melas

I natalis

AGE IN YEARS

1StII I

51 I r

r4 ~ H

~ HZ ~ u Z H

c H o Z ~ I

----__-_

1 y bull --shy

AGE IN YEARS

I natalis

150J UJ

~ cr Z H

Eo-ltr 0shyH

~ 100 ~

II I melasI

102 1 130 141 1 450

110 2 145 144 1 330

114 1 170 145 1 380

115 1 50 146 1 290

11 7 2 245 149 1 450

118 1 330 151 2 375

121 1 340 153 2 395

123 1 270 150 1 450

124 1 270 157 2 390

125 4 245 158 1 320

126 3 327 160 1 400

129 1 330 161 2 530

130 1 300 162 1 580

131 2 350 163 2 590

134 2 235 164 1 600

135 2 360 165 2 520

136 1 410 167 2 455

137 1 450 169 1 600

138 1 430 170 1 700

173 1 620 188 1 820

174 1 620 191 1 1070

178 1 600 195 2 1050

180 2 670 196 1 1090

182 1 750 199 1 1100

183 1 860 205 1 1430

184 1 1010 208 1 1220

185 2 850 215 1 1220

186 4 943 242 1 1730

104 1 160 154 2 375

105 1 30 155 1 340

111 1 90 158 2 430

115 2 235 160 1 380

11 7 1 40 161 1 560

118 2 190 162 3 503

125 2 170 163 3 483

126 1 190 166 1 450

130 3 190 167 1 550

133 1 170 168 1 720

139 2 215 169 1 570

142 3 293 170 2 540

145 3 340 172 1 560

147 3 303 173 1 710

148 1 290 174 1 470

149 1 250 175 2 640

150 3 393 176 1 720

151 3 470 178 1 700

152 2 290 179 1 500

153 2 310 180 1 850

185 2 745 217 1 1180

186 1 650 220 1 1300

187 1 580 222 1 1360

200 1 820 227 1 1480

202 1 1230 228 1 1360

211 1 1310 245 3 1973

212 2 1150 250 1 1950

I me1as log W ~ -29533 + 37974 log L

Condition Factor

102 13 123 137 45 1 75

110 245 109 138 43 164

114 17 115 141 45 161

115 5 033 144 33 loll

11 7 245 103 145 38 125

118 33 201 146 29 093

121 34 192 149 45 136

123 27 145 151 375 109

124 27 142 153 395 loll

125 245 126 156 45 119

126 326 163 157 39 101

129 33 154 158 32 081

130 30 137 160 40 098

131 35 156 161 53 128

134 235 098 162 58 136

135 36 146 163 59 136

136 41 163 164 60 136

165 52 116 185 85 134

167 455 098 186 943 148 169 60 124 188 82 123

170 70 142 191 107 154

173 62 120 195 105 142

174 62 118 196 109 145

178 60 106 199 110 140

180 67 115 205 143 166

182 75 124 208 122 136

183 86 140 215 122 123

184 101 162 242 173 122

104 16 142 152 29 083

105 j 026 153 31 087

111 9 066 154 375 103

115 235 155 155 34 091

117 4 025 158 43 109

118 19 116 160 38 093

125 17 087 161 56 134

126 19 095 162 503 118

130 19 086 163 483 112

133 17 072 166 45 098

139 215 080 167 55 118

142 193 102 168 72 152

145 34 loll 169 57 118

147 303 095 170 54 110

148 29 089 172 56 110

149 25 076 173 71 137

150 393 117 174 47 089

151 47 140 175 64 120

176 72 132 211 131 139

178 70 124 212 115 121

179 50 087 21 7 118 115

180 85 146 220 130 122

185 745 118 222 136 124

186 65 101 227 148 127

187 58 089 228 136 115

200 82 103 245 1973 134

202 123 149 250 195 125

~ ai 100 tf)

r 50__

to bull

bull -_

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 1~ 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

200middot

~~~ ~_

~----- bull 10 1

11 12 I

14 Imiddot

15 Imiddot

16 I -j

19 20 21 22 23 24 25

1 34 138

2 26 115

3 18 142

4 1 122

1 17 092

2 54 110

3 9 126

4 4 132

CHAPTER IV

SUMMARY

the study fish

44degC

age group II

LITERATURE CITED

1962 ishes

DetershyTrans

Lohmeyer 1972

Lohmeyer 1972 pt2

substance

Agonistic Behavior

Sexual Behavior

on 27 July 1971

to shift also

the aquarium

the subject

then spit out

Escape Behavior

the front glass

I me1as

Field Study

for 1 natalis

31761 m bull

11 5 3

12 4 3

13 3 5

18 1 2

19 3 3

TABLE I (Continued)

20 4 4

27 3 14

30 ~ 2

32 1 1

33 3 4

34 1 2

37 4 1

1 30 2 05 300

2 10 2 04 80

3 65 4 04 1040

4 30 3 06 540

5 15 2 05 150

6 70 4 12 3360

7 20 3 12 720

8 30 2 05 150

9 65 5 20 6500

10 10 3 08 240

11 60 3 09 1620

12 20 15 15 4500

13 50 4 08 1600

14 50 3 08 1200

15 40 8 08 2560

16 40 4 09 1440

17 25 15 20 7500

18 10 2 08 160

Station Length m

Width m

Depth m

Area m3

19 15 3 15 675

20 10 3 10 300

21 40 4 15 2400

22 2 2 05 20

23 15 5 10 750

24 60 4 08 1920

25 20 4 08 640

26 100 5 05 2500

27 5 3 04 60

28 5 3 04 60

29 20 2 04 160

30 35 4 10 1400

31 60 4 12 2880

32 40 4 15 4200

33 25 7 10 1500

34 12 5 10 600

35 bull 80 7 15 8400

36 45 5 12 2700

37 40 2 04 320

vegetation

a mean of 50degC

collecting stations

I melas only 15

10 mud and gravel

16 rock

17 mud and silt

27 mud and gravel

29 mud and gravel

33 mud and debri

ing station

than I melas

13 (08

26 lt08

32 (08

35 (08

08 14 8

08 30 47

13 41 35

17 14 10

25 1 0

collecting station

for I melas

station

1 dirt

2 X dirt and tree

3 X dirt and tree

4 dirt

5 dirt

6 dirt

7 X dirt and tree

8 X dirt

11 X dirt and tree

12 dirt

13 dirt

14 X dirt and tree

15 X dirt

17 dirt

19 X dirt

20 dirt and grass

22 X dirt and grass

24 X dirt and grass

25 dirt

28 X dirt and grass

1 none

2 filamentous algae

3 filamentous algae

4 filamentous algae

5 filamentous algae

8 filamentous algae

13 coontail

14 coontail

15 coontail

17 coontail

different pools

collecting days

August

10 278 200 2997 Down 52

11 31 7 200 3008 Steady 35

12 328 167 2999 Steady 48

13 31 7 200 3002 Steady 20

14 333 178 3009 Up 28

16 ---shy 183 3019 Down 59

17 31 7 150 3013 Down 45

18 311 156 3002 Down 45

19 317 226 3005 Down 37

20 333 200 3003 Down 32

21 333 206 2993 Steady 63

23 ---shy 189 2992 Down 54

24 333 217 3004 Steady 43 co

26 361 178 3005 Up 47

27 333 156 3011 Down 49

30 ---shy 128 3010 Down 46

31 294 133 3003 Down 42

September

1 300 172 2995 Steady 41

3 333 206 2983 Down 52

4 328 244 29~83 Down 70

7 ---shy 21 7 2994 Down 54

8 339 228 2995 Down SO

9 367 161 3000 Down 49

10 350 183 2995 Down 46

13 ---shy 150 2995 Down 38

14 31 7 189 2971 Steady 37 ~ 0

15 322 156 3003 Down 36

16 300 83 3006 Steady 47

17 222 11 7 3028 Down 41 Trace

21 ---- 50 3022 Down 16

22 222 106 3020 Down 57 Trace

23 228 89 3040 Down 44

24 211 106 3026 Down 70

25 189 133 2996 Steady 87 90

27 ---- 211 2976 Down 42

28 306 211 2990 Up 57

29 322 200 2999 Down 53

30 294 200 2992 Down 50

October

1 3U6 194 2989 Down 56

2 294 167 2991 Up 81 08

4 ---- 67 3012 Down 25

5 228 100 3015 Steady 29

6 267 83 3023 Down 44

7 283 122 3004 Down 36

8 267 139 3008 Steady 37

9 306 33 3018 Steady 43

11 ---- 100 3001 Down 23

12 250 67 2983 Down 23

13 244 67 3004 Down 40

14 300 89 2984 Steady 40

15 211 11 2987 Down 54 In

16 272 161 2998 Down 90

18 ---shy 172 2981 Steady tJ7 31

19 250 100 3001 Steady 53 33

20 172 11 3002 Down 93 26

21 139 122 3019 Down 87

22 144 11 7 3008 Steady 66

23 150 11 7 3009 Steady 88

25 ---shy 89 2999 Steady 75

26 206 144 2972 Down 73

27 244 111 2965 Up 50 04

November

3 194 -06 3031 Down 34

4 167 28 3004 Down 33

8 ---shy -06 3007 Down 76 14 VI N

9 61 11 3032 Down 38

10 56 22 3015 Down 22

11 144 00 3014 Down 22

12 183 78 2984 Down 38

15 ---- 122 3005 Down 59

16 239 128 3005 Down 93 22

17 233 122 2977 Down 70

18 156 28 3005 Up 73 Trace

19 189 -33 3006 Down 41

20 77 44 2989 Steady 30

22 ---- -38 3013 Down 82

23 67 -11 3013 Down 82 Snow-40

24 22 -17 3025 Down 89

humidities

precipitation

unknown) attached

groups II and IV

GRowrH

melas ---shy

-_~~~-~-

L nata1is

_ ___ __~-- 1LV ------t- ----~-------- -- shy -I -----------f---------t-------~-- ------~~- -I

~ j 12

9 ti Cf)

~ 5 ~ 4

100 150

H U ~ p (I)

20 ~ 0

~ ~ rQ

I II III

AGE IN YEARS IV

2S v ~ p ]

30 ~ 0 T ~ ~

sect i

Absolute Growth

IX and X

I 128 294

II 164 513

III 192 1008

IV 242 1730

I 122 169

II 162 476

III 217 1280

IV 246 1968

1 melas

I natalis

AGE IN YEARS

1StII I

51 I r

r4 ~ H

~ HZ ~ u Z H

c H o Z ~ I

----__-_

1 y bull --shy

AGE IN YEARS

I natalis

150J UJ

~ cr Z H

Eo-ltr 0shyH

~ 100 ~

II I melasI

102 1 130 141 1 450

110 2 145 144 1 330

114 1 170 145 1 380

115 1 50 146 1 290

11 7 2 245 149 1 450

118 1 330 151 2 375

121 1 340 153 2 395

123 1 270 150 1 450

124 1 270 157 2 390

125 4 245 158 1 320

126 3 327 160 1 400

129 1 330 161 2 530

130 1 300 162 1 580

131 2 350 163 2 590

134 2 235 164 1 600

135 2 360 165 2 520

136 1 410 167 2 455

137 1 450 169 1 600

138 1 430 170 1 700

173 1 620 188 1 820

174 1 620 191 1 1070

178 1 600 195 2 1050

180 2 670 196 1 1090

182 1 750 199 1 1100

183 1 860 205 1 1430

184 1 1010 208 1 1220

185 2 850 215 1 1220

186 4 943 242 1 1730

104 1 160 154 2 375

105 1 30 155 1 340

111 1 90 158 2 430

115 2 235 160 1 380

11 7 1 40 161 1 560

118 2 190 162 3 503

125 2 170 163 3 483

126 1 190 166 1 450

130 3 190 167 1 550

133 1 170 168 1 720

139 2 215 169 1 570

142 3 293 170 2 540

145 3 340 172 1 560

147 3 303 173 1 710

148 1 290 174 1 470

149 1 250 175 2 640

150 3 393 176 1 720

151 3 470 178 1 700

152 2 290 179 1 500

153 2 310 180 1 850

185 2 745 217 1 1180

186 1 650 220 1 1300

187 1 580 222 1 1360

200 1 820 227 1 1480

202 1 1230 228 1 1360

211 1 1310 245 3 1973

212 2 1150 250 1 1950

I me1as log W ~ -29533 + 37974 log L

Condition Factor

102 13 123 137 45 1 75

110 245 109 138 43 164

114 17 115 141 45 161

115 5 033 144 33 loll

11 7 245 103 145 38 125

118 33 201 146 29 093

121 34 192 149 45 136

123 27 145 151 375 109

124 27 142 153 395 loll

125 245 126 156 45 119

126 326 163 157 39 101

129 33 154 158 32 081

130 30 137 160 40 098

131 35 156 161 53 128

134 235 098 162 58 136

135 36 146 163 59 136

136 41 163 164 60 136

165 52 116 185 85 134

167 455 098 186 943 148 169 60 124 188 82 123

170 70 142 191 107 154

173 62 120 195 105 142

174 62 118 196 109 145

178 60 106 199 110 140

180 67 115 205 143 166

182 75 124 208 122 136

183 86 140 215 122 123

184 101 162 242 173 122

104 16 142 152 29 083

105 j 026 153 31 087

111 9 066 154 375 103

115 235 155 155 34 091

117 4 025 158 43 109

118 19 116 160 38 093

125 17 087 161 56 134

126 19 095 162 503 118

130 19 086 163 483 112

133 17 072 166 45 098

139 215 080 167 55 118

142 193 102 168 72 152

145 34 loll 169 57 118

147 303 095 170 54 110

148 29 089 172 56 110

149 25 076 173 71 137

150 393 117 174 47 089

151 47 140 175 64 120

176 72 132 211 131 139

178 70 124 212 115 121

179 50 087 21 7 118 115

180 85 146 220 130 122

185 745 118 222 136 124

186 65 101 227 148 127

187 58 089 228 136 115

200 82 103 245 1973 134

202 123 149 250 195 125

~ ai 100 tf)

r 50__

to bull

bull -_

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 1~ 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

200middot

~~~ ~_

~----- bull 10 1

11 12 I

14 Imiddot

15 Imiddot

16 I -j

19 20 21 22 23 24 25

1 34 138

2 26 115

3 18 142

4 1 122

1 17 092

2 54 110

3 9 126

4 4 132

CHAPTER IV

SUMMARY

the study fish

44degC

age group II

LITERATURE CITED

1962 ishes

DetershyTrans

Lohmeyer 1972

Lohmeyer 1972 pt2

Agonistic Behavior

Sexual Behavior

on 27 July 1971

to shift also

the aquarium

the subject

then spit out

Escape Behavior

the front glass

I me1as

Field Study

for 1 natalis

31761 m bull

11 5 3

12 4 3

13 3 5

18 1 2

19 3 3

TABLE I (Continued)

20 4 4

27 3 14

30 ~ 2

32 1 1

33 3 4

34 1 2

37 4 1

1 30 2 05 300

2 10 2 04 80

3 65 4 04 1040

4 30 3 06 540

5 15 2 05 150

6 70 4 12 3360

7 20 3 12 720

8 30 2 05 150

9 65 5 20 6500

10 10 3 08 240

11 60 3 09 1620

12 20 15 15 4500

13 50 4 08 1600

14 50 3 08 1200

15 40 8 08 2560

16 40 4 09 1440

17 25 15 20 7500

18 10 2 08 160

Station Length m

Width m

Depth m

Area m3

19 15 3 15 675

20 10 3 10 300

21 40 4 15 2400

22 2 2 05 20

23 15 5 10 750

24 60 4 08 1920

25 20 4 08 640

26 100 5 05 2500

27 5 3 04 60

28 5 3 04 60

29 20 2 04 160

30 35 4 10 1400

31 60 4 12 2880

32 40 4 15 4200

33 25 7 10 1500

34 12 5 10 600

35 bull 80 7 15 8400

36 45 5 12 2700

37 40 2 04 320

vegetation

a mean of 50degC

collecting stations

I melas only 15

10 mud and gravel

16 rock

17 mud and silt

27 mud and gravel

29 mud and gravel

33 mud and debri

ing station

than I melas

13 (08

26 lt08

32 (08

35 (08

08 14 8

08 30 47

13 41 35

17 14 10

25 1 0

collecting station

for I melas

station

1 dirt

2 X dirt and tree

3 X dirt and tree

4 dirt

5 dirt

6 dirt

7 X dirt and tree

8 X dirt

11 X dirt and tree

12 dirt

13 dirt

14 X dirt and tree

15 X dirt

17 dirt

19 X dirt

20 dirt and grass

22 X dirt and grass

24 X dirt and grass

25 dirt

28 X dirt and grass

1 none

2 filamentous algae

3 filamentous algae

4 filamentous algae

5 filamentous algae

8 filamentous algae

13 coontail

14 coontail

15 coontail

17 coontail

different pools

collecting days

August

10 278 200 2997 Down 52

11 31 7 200 3008 Steady 35

12 328 167 2999 Steady 48

13 31 7 200 3002 Steady 20

14 333 178 3009 Up 28

16 ---shy 183 3019 Down 59

17 31 7 150 3013 Down 45

18 311 156 3002 Down 45

19 317 226 3005 Down 37

20 333 200 3003 Down 32

21 333 206 2993 Steady 63

23 ---shy 189 2992 Down 54

24 333 217 3004 Steady 43 co

26 361 178 3005 Up 47

27 333 156 3011 Down 49

30 ---shy 128 3010 Down 46

31 294 133 3003 Down 42

September

1 300 172 2995 Steady 41

3 333 206 2983 Down 52

4 328 244 29~83 Down 70

7 ---shy 21 7 2994 Down 54

8 339 228 2995 Down SO

9 367 161 3000 Down 49

10 350 183 2995 Down 46

13 ---shy 150 2995 Down 38

14 31 7 189 2971 Steady 37 ~ 0

15 322 156 3003 Down 36

16 300 83 3006 Steady 47

17 222 11 7 3028 Down 41 Trace

21 ---- 50 3022 Down 16

22 222 106 3020 Down 57 Trace

23 228 89 3040 Down 44

24 211 106 3026 Down 70

25 189 133 2996 Steady 87 90

27 ---- 211 2976 Down 42

28 306 211 2990 Up 57

29 322 200 2999 Down 53

30 294 200 2992 Down 50

October

1 3U6 194 2989 Down 56

2 294 167 2991 Up 81 08

4 ---- 67 3012 Down 25

5 228 100 3015 Steady 29

6 267 83 3023 Down 44

7 283 122 3004 Down 36

8 267 139 3008 Steady 37

9 306 33 3018 Steady 43

11 ---- 100 3001 Down 23

12 250 67 2983 Down 23

13 244 67 3004 Down 40

14 300 89 2984 Steady 40

15 211 11 2987 Down 54 In

16 272 161 2998 Down 90

18 ---shy 172 2981 Steady tJ7 31

19 250 100 3001 Steady 53 33

20 172 11 3002 Down 93 26

21 139 122 3019 Down 87

22 144 11 7 3008 Steady 66

23 150 11 7 3009 Steady 88

25 ---shy 89 2999 Steady 75

26 206 144 2972 Down 73

27 244 111 2965 Up 50 04

November

3 194 -06 3031 Down 34

4 167 28 3004 Down 33

8 ---shy -06 3007 Down 76 14 VI N

9 61 11 3032 Down 38

10 56 22 3015 Down 22

11 144 00 3014 Down 22

12 183 78 2984 Down 38

15 ---- 122 3005 Down 59

16 239 128 3005 Down 93 22

17 233 122 2977 Down 70

18 156 28 3005 Up 73 Trace

19 189 -33 3006 Down 41

20 77 44 2989 Steady 30

22 ---- -38 3013 Down 82

23 67 -11 3013 Down 82 Snow-40

24 22 -17 3025 Down 89

humidities

precipitation

unknown) attached

groups II and IV

GRowrH

melas ---shy

-_~~~-~-

L nata1is

_ ___ __~-- 1LV ------t- ----~-------- -- shy -I -----------f---------t-------~-- ------~~- -I

~ j 12

9 ti Cf)

~ 5 ~ 4

100 150

H U ~ p (I)

20 ~ 0

~ ~ rQ

I II III

AGE IN YEARS IV

2S v ~ p ]

30 ~ 0 T ~ ~

sect i

Absolute Growth

IX and X

I 128 294

II 164 513

III 192 1008

IV 242 1730

I 122 169

II 162 476

III 217 1280

IV 246 1968

1 melas

I natalis

AGE IN YEARS

1StII I

51 I r

r4 ~ H

~ HZ ~ u Z H

c H o Z ~ I

----__-_

1 y bull --shy

AGE IN YEARS

I natalis

150J UJ

~ cr Z H

Eo-ltr 0shyH

~ 100 ~

II I melasI

102 1 130 141 1 450

110 2 145 144 1 330

114 1 170 145 1 380

115 1 50 146 1 290

11 7 2 245 149 1 450

118 1 330 151 2 375

121 1 340 153 2 395

123 1 270 150 1 450

124 1 270 157 2 390

125 4 245 158 1 320

126 3 327 160 1 400

129 1 330 161 2 530

130 1 300 162 1 580

131 2 350 163 2 590

134 2 235 164 1 600

135 2 360 165 2 520

136 1 410 167 2 455

137 1 450 169 1 600

138 1 430 170 1 700

173 1 620 188 1 820

174 1 620 191 1 1070

178 1 600 195 2 1050

180 2 670 196 1 1090

182 1 750 199 1 1100

183 1 860 205 1 1430

184 1 1010 208 1 1220

185 2 850 215 1 1220

186 4 943 242 1 1730

104 1 160 154 2 375

105 1 30 155 1 340

111 1 90 158 2 430

115 2 235 160 1 380

11 7 1 40 161 1 560

118 2 190 162 3 503

125 2 170 163 3 483

126 1 190 166 1 450

130 3 190 167 1 550

133 1 170 168 1 720

139 2 215 169 1 570

142 3 293 170 2 540

145 3 340 172 1 560

147 3 303 173 1 710

148 1 290 174 1 470

149 1 250 175 2 640

150 3 393 176 1 720

151 3 470 178 1 700

152 2 290 179 1 500

153 2 310 180 1 850

185 2 745 217 1 1180

186 1 650 220 1 1300

187 1 580 222 1 1360

200 1 820 227 1 1480

202 1 1230 228 1 1360

211 1 1310 245 3 1973

212 2 1150 250 1 1950

I me1as log W ~ -29533 + 37974 log L

Condition Factor

102 13 123 137 45 1 75

110 245 109 138 43 164

114 17 115 141 45 161

115 5 033 144 33 loll

11 7 245 103 145 38 125

118 33 201 146 29 093

121 34 192 149 45 136

123 27 145 151 375 109

124 27 142 153 395 loll

125 245 126 156 45 119

126 326 163 157 39 101

129 33 154 158 32 081

130 30 137 160 40 098

131 35 156 161 53 128

134 235 098 162 58 136

135 36 146 163 59 136

136 41 163 164 60 136

165 52 116 185 85 134

167 455 098 186 943 148 169 60 124 188 82 123

170 70 142 191 107 154

173 62 120 195 105 142

174 62 118 196 109 145

178 60 106 199 110 140

180 67 115 205 143 166

182 75 124 208 122 136

183 86 140 215 122 123

184 101 162 242 173 122

104 16 142 152 29 083

105 j 026 153 31 087

111 9 066 154 375 103

115 235 155 155 34 091

117 4 025 158 43 109

118 19 116 160 38 093

125 17 087 161 56 134

126 19 095 162 503 118

130 19 086 163 483 112

133 17 072 166 45 098

139 215 080 167 55 118

142 193 102 168 72 152

145 34 loll 169 57 118

147 303 095 170 54 110

148 29 089 172 56 110

149 25 076 173 71 137

150 393 117 174 47 089

151 47 140 175 64 120

176 72 132 211 131 139

178 70 124 212 115 121

179 50 087 21 7 118 115

180 85 146 220 130 122

185 745 118 222 136 124

186 65 101 227 148 127

187 58 089 228 136 115

200 82 103 245 1973 134

202 123 149 250 195 125

~ ai 100 tf)

r 50__

to bull

bull -_

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 1~ 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

200middot

~~~ ~_

~----- bull 10 1

11 12 I

14 Imiddot

15 Imiddot

16 I -j

19 20 21 22 23 24 25

1 34 138

2 26 115

3 18 142

4 1 122

1 17 092

2 54 110

3 9 126

4 4 132

CHAPTER IV

SUMMARY

the study fish

44degC

age group II

LITERATURE CITED

1962 ishes

DetershyTrans

Lohmeyer 1972

Lohmeyer 1972 pt2

Agonistic Behavior

Sexual Behavior

on 27 July 1971

to shift also

the aquarium

the subject

then spit out

Escape Behavior

the front glass

I me1as

Field Study

for 1 natalis

31761 m bull

11 5 3

12 4 3

13 3 5

18 1 2

19 3 3

TABLE I (Continued)

20 4 4

27 3 14

30 ~ 2

32 1 1

33 3 4

34 1 2

37 4 1

1 30 2 05 300

2 10 2 04 80

3 65 4 04 1040

4 30 3 06 540

5 15 2 05 150

6 70 4 12 3360

7 20 3 12 720

8 30 2 05 150

9 65 5 20 6500

10 10 3 08 240

11 60 3 09 1620

12 20 15 15 4500

13 50 4 08 1600

14 50 3 08 1200

15 40 8 08 2560

16 40 4 09 1440

17 25 15 20 7500

18 10 2 08 160

Station Length m

Width m

Depth m

Area m3

19 15 3 15 675

20 10 3 10 300

21 40 4 15 2400

22 2 2 05 20

23 15 5 10 750

24 60 4 08 1920

25 20 4 08 640

26 100 5 05 2500

27 5 3 04 60

28 5 3 04 60

29 20 2 04 160

30 35 4 10 1400

31 60 4 12 2880

32 40 4 15 4200

33 25 7 10 1500

34 12 5 10 600

35 bull 80 7 15 8400

36 45 5 12 2700

37 40 2 04 320

vegetation

a mean of 50degC

collecting stations

I melas only 15

10 mud and gravel

16 rock

17 mud and silt

27 mud and gravel

29 mud and gravel

33 mud and debri

ing station

than I melas

13 (08

26 lt08

32 (08

35 (08

08 14 8

08 30 47

13 41 35

17 14 10

25 1 0

collecting station

for I melas

station

1 dirt

2 X dirt and tree

3 X dirt and tree

4 dirt

5 dirt

6 dirt

7 X dirt and tree

8 X dirt

11 X dirt and tree

12 dirt

13 dirt

14 X dirt and tree

15 X dirt

17 dirt

19 X dirt

20 dirt and grass

22 X dirt and grass

24 X dirt and grass

25 dirt

28 X dirt and grass

1 none

2 filamentous algae

3 filamentous algae

4 filamentous algae

5 filamentous algae

8 filamentous algae

13 coontail

14 coontail

15 coontail

17 coontail

different pools

collecting days

August

10 278 200 2997 Down 52

11 31 7 200 3008 Steady 35

12 328 167 2999 Steady 48

13 31 7 200 3002 Steady 20

14 333 178 3009 Up 28

16 ---shy 183 3019 Down 59

17 31 7 150 3013 Down 45

18 311 156 3002 Down 45

19 317 226 3005 Down 37

20 333 200 3003 Down 32

21 333 206 2993 Steady 63

23 ---shy 189 2992 Down 54

24 333 217 3004 Steady 43 co

26 361 178 3005 Up 47

27 333 156 3011 Down 49

30 ---shy 128 3010 Down 46

31 294 133 3003 Down 42

September

1 300 172 2995 Steady 41

3 333 206 2983 Down 52

4 328 244 29~83 Down 70

7 ---shy 21 7 2994 Down 54

8 339 228 2995 Down SO

9 367 161 3000 Down 49

10 350 183 2995 Down 46

13 ---shy 150 2995 Down 38

14 31 7 189 2971 Steady 37 ~ 0

15 322 156 3003 Down 36

16 300 83 3006 Steady 47

17 222 11 7 3028 Down 41 Trace

21 ---- 50 3022 Down 16

22 222 106 3020 Down 57 Trace

23 228 89 3040 Down 44

24 211 106 3026 Down 70

25 189 133 2996 Steady 87 90

27 ---- 211 2976 Down 42

28 306 211 2990 Up 57

29 322 200 2999 Down 53

30 294 200 2992 Down 50

October

1 3U6 194 2989 Down 56

2 294 167 2991 Up 81 08

4 ---- 67 3012 Down 25

5 228 100 3015 Steady 29

6 267 83 3023 Down 44

7 283 122 3004 Down 36

8 267 139 3008 Steady 37

9 306 33 3018 Steady 43

11 ---- 100 3001 Down 23

12 250 67 2983 Down 23

13 244 67 3004 Down 40

14 300 89 2984 Steady 40

15 211 11 2987 Down 54 In

16 272 161 2998 Down 90

18 ---shy 172 2981 Steady tJ7 31

19 250 100 3001 Steady 53 33

20 172 11 3002 Down 93 26

21 139 122 3019 Down 87

22 144 11 7 3008 Steady 66

23 150 11 7 3009 Steady 88

25 ---shy 89 2999 Steady 75

26 206 144 2972 Down 73

27 244 111 2965 Up 50 04

November

3 194 -06 3031 Down 34

4 167 28 3004 Down 33

8 ---shy -06 3007 Down 76 14 VI N

9 61 11 3032 Down 38

10 56 22 3015 Down 22

11 144 00 3014 Down 22

12 183 78 2984 Down 38

15 ---- 122 3005 Down 59

16 239 128 3005 Down 93 22

17 233 122 2977 Down 70

18 156 28 3005 Up 73 Trace

19 189 -33 3006 Down 41

20 77 44 2989 Steady 30

22 ---- -38 3013 Down 82

23 67 -11 3013 Down 82 Snow-40

24 22 -17 3025 Down 89

humidities

precipitation

unknown) attached

groups II and IV

GRowrH

melas ---shy

-_~~~-~-

L nata1is

_ ___ __~-- 1LV ------t- ----~-------- -- shy -I -----------f---------t-------~-- ------~~- -I

~ j 12

9 ti Cf)

~ 5 ~ 4

100 150

H U ~ p (I)

20 ~ 0

~ ~ rQ

I II III

AGE IN YEARS IV

2S v ~ p ]

30 ~ 0 T ~ ~

sect i

Absolute Growth

IX and X

I 128 294

II 164 513

III 192 1008

IV 242 1730

I 122 169

II 162 476

III 217 1280

IV 246 1968

1 melas

I natalis

AGE IN YEARS

1StII I

51 I r

r4 ~ H

~ HZ ~ u Z H

c H o Z ~ I

----__-_

1 y bull --shy

AGE IN YEARS

I natalis

150J UJ

~ cr Z H

Eo-ltr 0shyH

~ 100 ~

II I melasI

102 1 130 141 1 450

110 2 145 144 1 330

114 1 170 145 1 380

115 1 50 146 1 290

11 7 2 245 149 1 450

118 1 330 151 2 375

121 1 340 153 2 395

123 1 270 150 1 450

124 1 270 157 2 390

125 4 245 158 1 320

126 3 327 160 1 400

129 1 330 161 2 530

130 1 300 162 1 580

131 2 350 163 2 590

134 2 235 164 1 600

135 2 360 165 2 520

136 1 410 167 2 455

137 1 450 169 1 600

138 1 430 170 1 700

173 1 620 188 1 820

174 1 620 191 1 1070

178 1 600 195 2 1050

180 2 670 196 1 1090

182 1 750 199 1 1100

183 1 860 205 1 1430

184 1 1010 208 1 1220

185 2 850 215 1 1220

186 4 943 242 1 1730

104 1 160 154 2 375

105 1 30 155 1 340

111 1 90 158 2 430

115 2 235 160 1 380

11 7 1 40 161 1 560

118 2 190 162 3 503

125 2 170 163 3 483

126 1 190 166 1 450

130 3 190 167 1 550

133 1 170 168 1 720

139 2 215 169 1 570

142 3 293 170 2 540

145 3 340 172 1 560

147 3 303 173 1 710

148 1 290 174 1 470

149 1 250 175 2 640

150 3 393 176 1 720

151 3 470 178 1 700

152 2 290 179 1 500

153 2 310 180 1 850

185 2 745 217 1 1180

186 1 650 220 1 1300

187 1 580 222 1 1360

200 1 820 227 1 1480

202 1 1230 228 1 1360

211 1 1310 245 3 1973

212 2 1150 250 1 1950

I me1as log W ~ -29533 + 37974 log L

Condition Factor

102 13 123 137 45 1 75

110 245 109 138 43 164

114 17 115 141 45 161

115 5 033 144 33 loll

11 7 245 103 145 38 125

118 33 201 146 29 093

121 34 192 149 45 136

123 27 145 151 375 109

124 27 142 153 395 loll

125 245 126 156 45 119

126 326 163 157 39 101

129 33 154 158 32 081

130 30 137 160 40 098

131 35 156 161 53 128

134 235 098 162 58 136

135 36 146 163 59 136

136 41 163 164 60 136

165 52 116 185 85 134

167 455 098 186 943 148 169 60 124 188 82 123

170 70 142 191 107 154

173 62 120 195 105 142

174 62 118 196 109 145

178 60 106 199 110 140

180 67 115 205 143 166

182 75 124 208 122 136

183 86 140 215 122 123

184 101 162 242 173 122

104 16 142 152 29 083

105 j 026 153 31 087

111 9 066 154 375 103

115 235 155 155 34 091

117 4 025 158 43 109

118 19 116 160 38 093

125 17 087 161 56 134

126 19 095 162 503 118

130 19 086 163 483 112

133 17 072 166 45 098

139 215 080 167 55 118

142 193 102 168 72 152

145 34 loll 169 57 118

147 303 095 170 54 110

148 29 089 172 56 110

149 25 076 173 71 137

150 393 117 174 47 089

151 47 140 175 64 120

176 72 132 211 131 139

178 70 124 212 115 121

179 50 087 21 7 118 115

180 85 146 220 130 122

185 745 118 222 136 124

186 65 101 227 148 127

187 58 089 228 136 115

200 82 103 245 1973 134

202 123 149 250 195 125

~ ai 100 tf)

r 50__

to bull

bull -_

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 1~ 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

200middot

~~~ ~_

~----- bull 10 1

11 12 I

14 Imiddot

15 Imiddot

16 I -j

19 20 21 22 23 24 25

1 34 138

2 26 115

3 18 142

4 1 122

1 17 092

2 54 110

3 9 126

4 4 132

CHAPTER IV

SUMMARY

the study fish

44degC

age group II

LITERATURE CITED

1962 ishes

DetershyTrans

Lohmeyer 1972

Lohmeyer 1972 pt2

Sexual Behavior

on 27 July 1971

to shift also

the aquarium

the subject

then spit out

Escape Behavior

the front glass

I me1as

Field Study

for 1 natalis

31761 m bull

11 5 3

12 4 3

13 3 5

18 1 2

19 3 3

TABLE I (Continued)

20 4 4

27 3 14

30 ~ 2

32 1 1

33 3 4

34 1 2

37 4 1

1 30 2 05 300

2 10 2 04 80

3 65 4 04 1040

4 30 3 06 540

5 15 2 05 150

6 70 4 12 3360

7 20 3 12 720

8 30 2 05 150

9 65 5 20 6500

10 10 3 08 240

11 60 3 09 1620

12 20 15 15 4500

13 50 4 08 1600

14 50 3 08 1200

15 40 8 08 2560

16 40 4 09 1440

17 25 15 20 7500

18 10 2 08 160

Station Length m

Width m

Depth m

Area m3

19 15 3 15 675

20 10 3 10 300

21 40 4 15 2400

22 2 2 05 20

23 15 5 10 750

24 60 4 08 1920

25 20 4 08 640

26 100 5 05 2500

27 5 3 04 60

28 5 3 04 60

29 20 2 04 160

30 35 4 10 1400

31 60 4 12 2880

32 40 4 15 4200

33 25 7 10 1500

34 12 5 10 600

35 bull 80 7 15 8400

36 45 5 12 2700

37 40 2 04 320

vegetation

a mean of 50degC

collecting stations

I melas only 15

10 mud and gravel

16 rock

17 mud and silt

27 mud and gravel

29 mud and gravel

33 mud and debri

ing station

than I melas

13 (08

26 lt08

32 (08

35 (08

08 14 8

08 30 47

13 41 35

17 14 10

25 1 0

collecting station

for I melas

station

1 dirt

2 X dirt and tree

3 X dirt and tree

4 dirt

5 dirt

6 dirt

7 X dirt and tree

8 X dirt

11 X dirt and tree

12 dirt

13 dirt

14 X dirt and tree

15 X dirt

17 dirt

19 X dirt

20 dirt and grass

22 X dirt and grass

24 X dirt and grass

25 dirt

28 X dirt and grass

1 none

2 filamentous algae

3 filamentous algae

4 filamentous algae

5 filamentous algae

8 filamentous algae

13 coontail

14 coontail

15 coontail

17 coontail

different pools

collecting days

August

10 278 200 2997 Down 52

11 31 7 200 3008 Steady 35

12 328 167 2999 Steady 48

13 31 7 200 3002 Steady 20

14 333 178 3009 Up 28

16 ---shy 183 3019 Down 59

17 31 7 150 3013 Down 45

18 311 156 3002 Down 45

19 317 226 3005 Down 37

20 333 200 3003 Down 32

21 333 206 2993 Steady 63

23 ---shy 189 2992 Down 54

24 333 217 3004 Steady 43 co

26 361 178 3005 Up 47

27 333 156 3011 Down 49

30 ---shy 128 3010 Down 46

31 294 133 3003 Down 42

September

1 300 172 2995 Steady 41

3 333 206 2983 Down 52

4 328 244 29~83 Down 70

7 ---shy 21 7 2994 Down 54

8 339 228 2995 Down SO

9 367 161 3000 Down 49

10 350 183 2995 Down 46

13 ---shy 150 2995 Down 38

14 31 7 189 2971 Steady 37 ~ 0

15 322 156 3003 Down 36

16 300 83 3006 Steady 47

17 222 11 7 3028 Down 41 Trace

21 ---- 50 3022 Down 16

22 222 106 3020 Down 57 Trace

23 228 89 3040 Down 44

24 211 106 3026 Down 70

25 189 133 2996 Steady 87 90

27 ---- 211 2976 Down 42

28 306 211 2990 Up 57

29 322 200 2999 Down 53

30 294 200 2992 Down 50

October

1 3U6 194 2989 Down 56

2 294 167 2991 Up 81 08

4 ---- 67 3012 Down 25

5 228 100 3015 Steady 29

6 267 83 3023 Down 44

7 283 122 3004 Down 36

8 267 139 3008 Steady 37

9 306 33 3018 Steady 43

11 ---- 100 3001 Down 23

12 250 67 2983 Down 23

13 244 67 3004 Down 40

14 300 89 2984 Steady 40

15 211 11 2987 Down 54 In

16 272 161 2998 Down 90

18 ---shy 172 2981 Steady tJ7 31

19 250 100 3001 Steady 53 33

20 172 11 3002 Down 93 26

21 139 122 3019 Down 87

22 144 11 7 3008 Steady 66

23 150 11 7 3009 Steady 88

25 ---shy 89 2999 Steady 75

26 206 144 2972 Down 73

27 244 111 2965 Up 50 04

November

3 194 -06 3031 Down 34

4 167 28 3004 Down 33

8 ---shy -06 3007 Down 76 14 VI N

9 61 11 3032 Down 38

10 56 22 3015 Down 22

11 144 00 3014 Down 22

12 183 78 2984 Down 38

15 ---- 122 3005 Down 59

16 239 128 3005 Down 93 22

17 233 122 2977 Down 70

18 156 28 3005 Up 73 Trace

19 189 -33 3006 Down 41

20 77 44 2989 Steady 30

22 ---- -38 3013 Down 82

23 67 -11 3013 Down 82 Snow-40

24 22 -17 3025 Down 89

humidities

precipitation

unknown) attached

groups II and IV

GRowrH

melas ---shy

-_~~~-~-

L nata1is

_ ___ __~-- 1LV ------t- ----~-------- -- shy -I -----------f---------t-------~-- ------~~- -I

~ j 12

9 ti Cf)

~ 5 ~ 4

100 150

H U ~ p (I)

20 ~ 0

~ ~ rQ

I II III

AGE IN YEARS IV

2S v ~ p ]

30 ~ 0 T ~ ~

sect i

Absolute Growth

IX and X

I 128 294

II 164 513

III 192 1008

IV 242 1730

I 122 169

II 162 476

III 217 1280

IV 246 1968

1 melas

I natalis

AGE IN YEARS

1StII I

51 I r

r4 ~ H

~ HZ ~ u Z H

c H o Z ~ I

----__-_

1 y bull --shy

AGE IN YEARS

I natalis

150J UJ

~ cr Z H

Eo-ltr 0shyH

~ 100 ~

II I melasI

102 1 130 141 1 450

110 2 145 144 1 330

114 1 170 145 1 380

115 1 50 146 1 290

11 7 2 245 149 1 450

118 1 330 151 2 375

121 1 340 153 2 395

123 1 270 150 1 450

124 1 270 157 2 390

125 4 245 158 1 320

126 3 327 160 1 400

129 1 330 161 2 530

130 1 300 162 1 580

131 2 350 163 2 590

134 2 235 164 1 600

135 2 360 165 2 520

136 1 410 167 2 455

137 1 450 169 1 600

138 1 430 170 1 700

173 1 620 188 1 820

174 1 620 191 1 1070

178 1 600 195 2 1050

180 2 670 196 1 1090

182 1 750 199 1 1100

183 1 860 205 1 1430

184 1 1010 208 1 1220

185 2 850 215 1 1220

186 4 943 242 1 1730

104 1 160 154 2 375

105 1 30 155 1 340

111 1 90 158 2 430

115 2 235 160 1 380

11 7 1 40 161 1 560

118 2 190 162 3 503

125 2 170 163 3 483

126 1 190 166 1 450

130 3 190 167 1 550

133 1 170 168 1 720

139 2 215 169 1 570

142 3 293 170 2 540

145 3 340 172 1 560

147 3 303 173 1 710

148 1 290 174 1 470

149 1 250 175 2 640

150 3 393 176 1 720

151 3 470 178 1 700

152 2 290 179 1 500

153 2 310 180 1 850

185 2 745 217 1 1180

186 1 650 220 1 1300

187 1 580 222 1 1360

200 1 820 227 1 1480

202 1 1230 228 1 1360

211 1 1310 245 3 1973

212 2 1150 250 1 1950

I me1as log W ~ -29533 + 37974 log L

Condition Factor

102 13 123 137 45 1 75

110 245 109 138 43 164

114 17 115 141 45 161

115 5 033 144 33 loll

11 7 245 103 145 38 125

118 33 201 146 29 093

121 34 192 149 45 136

123 27 145 151 375 109

124 27 142 153 395 loll

125 245 126 156 45 119

126 326 163 157 39 101

129 33 154 158 32 081

130 30 137 160 40 098

131 35 156 161 53 128

134 235 098 162 58 136

135 36 146 163 59 136

136 41 163 164 60 136

165 52 116 185 85 134

167 455 098 186 943 148 169 60 124 188 82 123

170 70 142 191 107 154

173 62 120 195 105 142

174 62 118 196 109 145

178 60 106 199 110 140

180 67 115 205 143 166

182 75 124 208 122 136

183 86 140 215 122 123

184 101 162 242 173 122

104 16 142 152 29 083

105 j 026 153 31 087

111 9 066 154 375 103

115 235 155 155 34 091

117 4 025 158 43 109

118 19 116 160 38 093

125 17 087 161 56 134

126 19 095 162 503 118

130 19 086 163 483 112

133 17 072 166 45 098

139 215 080 167 55 118

142 193 102 168 72 152

145 34 loll 169 57 118

147 303 095 170 54 110

148 29 089 172 56 110

149 25 076 173 71 137

150 393 117 174 47 089

151 47 140 175 64 120

176 72 132 211 131 139

178 70 124 212 115 121

179 50 087 21 7 118 115

180 85 146 220 130 122

185 745 118 222 136 124

186 65 101 227 148 127

187 58 089 228 136 115

200 82 103 245 1973 134

202 123 149 250 195 125

~ ai 100 tf)

r 50__

to bull

bull -_

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 1~ 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

200middot

~~~ ~_

~----- bull 10 1

11 12 I

14 Imiddot

15 Imiddot

16 I -j

19 20 21 22 23 24 25

1 34 138

2 26 115

3 18 142

4 1 122

1 17 092

2 54 110

3 9 126

4 4 132

CHAPTER IV

SUMMARY

the study fish

44degC

age group II

LITERATURE CITED

1962 ishes

DetershyTrans

Lohmeyer 1972

Lohmeyer 1972 pt2

Sexual Behavior

on 27 July 1971

to shift also

the aquarium

the subject

then spit out

Escape Behavior

the front glass

I me1as

Field Study

for 1 natalis

31761 m bull

11 5 3

12 4 3

13 3 5

18 1 2

19 3 3

TABLE I (Continued)

20 4 4

27 3 14

30 ~ 2

32 1 1

33 3 4

34 1 2

37 4 1

1 30 2 05 300

2 10 2 04 80

3 65 4 04 1040

4 30 3 06 540

5 15 2 05 150

6 70 4 12 3360

7 20 3 12 720

8 30 2 05 150

9 65 5 20 6500

10 10 3 08 240

11 60 3 09 1620

12 20 15 15 4500

13 50 4 08 1600

14 50 3 08 1200

15 40 8 08 2560

16 40 4 09 1440

17 25 15 20 7500

18 10 2 08 160

Station Length m

Width m

Depth m

Area m3

19 15 3 15 675

20 10 3 10 300

21 40 4 15 2400

22 2 2 05 20

23 15 5 10 750

24 60 4 08 1920

25 20 4 08 640

26 100 5 05 2500

27 5 3 04 60

28 5 3 04 60

29 20 2 04 160

30 35 4 10 1400

31 60 4 12 2880

32 40 4 15 4200

33 25 7 10 1500

34 12 5 10 600

35 bull 80 7 15 8400

36 45 5 12 2700

37 40 2 04 320

vegetation

a mean of 50degC

collecting stations

I melas only 15

10 mud and gravel

16 rock

17 mud and silt

27 mud and gravel

29 mud and gravel

33 mud and debri

ing station

than I melas

13 (08

26 lt08

32 (08

35 (08

08 14 8

08 30 47

13 41 35

17 14 10

25 1 0

collecting station

for I melas

station

1 dirt

2 X dirt and tree

3 X dirt and tree

4 dirt

5 dirt

6 dirt

7 X dirt and tree

8 X dirt

11 X dirt and tree

12 dirt

13 dirt

14 X dirt and tree

15 X dirt

17 dirt

19 X dirt

20 dirt and grass

22 X dirt and grass

24 X dirt and grass

25 dirt

28 X dirt and grass

1 none

2 filamentous algae

3 filamentous algae

4 filamentous algae

5 filamentous algae

8 filamentous algae

13 coontail

14 coontail

15 coontail

17 coontail

different pools

collecting days

August

10 278 200 2997 Down 52

11 31 7 200 3008 Steady 35

12 328 167 2999 Steady 48

13 31 7 200 3002 Steady 20

14 333 178 3009 Up 28

16 ---shy 183 3019 Down 59

17 31 7 150 3013 Down 45

18 311 156 3002 Down 45

19 317 226 3005 Down 37

20 333 200 3003 Down 32

21 333 206 2993 Steady 63

23 ---shy 189 2992 Down 54

24 333 217 3004 Steady 43 co

26 361 178 3005 Up 47

27 333 156 3011 Down 49

30 ---shy 128 3010 Down 46

31 294 133 3003 Down 42

September

1 300 172 2995 Steady 41

3 333 206 2983 Down 52

4 328 244 29~83 Down 70

7 ---shy 21 7 2994 Down 54

8 339 228 2995 Down SO

9 367 161 3000 Down 49

10 350 183 2995 Down 46

13 ---shy 150 2995 Down 38

14 31 7 189 2971 Steady 37 ~ 0

15 322 156 3003 Down 36

16 300 83 3006 Steady 47

17 222 11 7 3028 Down 41 Trace

21 ---- 50 3022 Down 16

22 222 106 3020 Down 57 Trace

23 228 89 3040 Down 44

24 211 106 3026 Down 70

25 189 133 2996 Steady 87 90

27 ---- 211 2976 Down 42

28 306 211 2990 Up 57

29 322 200 2999 Down 53

30 294 200 2992 Down 50

October

1 3U6 194 2989 Down 56

2 294 167 2991 Up 81 08

4 ---- 67 3012 Down 25

5 228 100 3015 Steady 29

6 267 83 3023 Down 44

7 283 122 3004 Down 36

8 267 139 3008 Steady 37

9 306 33 3018 Steady 43

11 ---- 100 3001 Down 23

12 250 67 2983 Down 23

13 244 67 3004 Down 40

14 300 89 2984 Steady 40

15 211 11 2987 Down 54 In

16 272 161 2998 Down 90

18 ---shy 172 2981 Steady tJ7 31

19 250 100 3001 Steady 53 33

20 172 11 3002 Down 93 26

21 139 122 3019 Down 87

22 144 11 7 3008 Steady 66

23 150 11 7 3009 Steady 88

25 ---shy 89 2999 Steady 75

26 206 144 2972 Down 73

27 244 111 2965 Up 50 04

November

3 194 -06 3031 Down 34

4 167 28 3004 Down 33

8 ---shy -06 3007 Down 76 14 VI N

9 61 11 3032 Down 38

10 56 22 3015 Down 22

11 144 00 3014 Down 22

12 183 78 2984 Down 38

15 ---- 122 3005 Down 59

16 239 128 3005 Down 93 22

17 233 122 2977 Down 70

18 156 28 3005 Up 73 Trace

19 189 -33 3006 Down 41

20 77 44 2989 Steady 30

22 ---- -38 3013 Down 82

23 67 -11 3013 Down 82 Snow-40

24 22 -17 3025 Down 89

humidities

precipitation

unknown) attached

groups II and IV

GRowrH

melas ---shy

-_~~~-~-

L nata1is

_ ___ __~-- 1LV ------t- ----~-------- -- shy -I -----------f---------t-------~-- ------~~- -I

~ j 12

9 ti Cf)

~ 5 ~ 4

100 150

H U ~ p (I)

20 ~ 0

~ ~ rQ

I II III

AGE IN YEARS IV

2S v ~ p ]

30 ~ 0 T ~ ~

sect i

Absolute Growth

IX and X

I 128 294

II 164 513

III 192 1008

IV 242 1730

I 122 169

II 162 476

III 217 1280

IV 246 1968

1 melas

I natalis

AGE IN YEARS

1StII I

51 I r

r4 ~ H

~ HZ ~ u Z H

c H o Z ~ I

----__-_

1 y bull --shy

AGE IN YEARS

I natalis

150J UJ

~ cr Z H

Eo-ltr 0shyH

~ 100 ~

II I melasI

102 1 130 141 1 450

110 2 145 144 1 330

114 1 170 145 1 380

115 1 50 146 1 290

11 7 2 245 149 1 450

118 1 330 151 2 375

121 1 340 153 2 395

123 1 270 150 1 450

124 1 270 157 2 390

125 4 245 158 1 320

126 3 327 160 1 400

129 1 330 161 2 530

130 1 300 162 1 580

131 2 350 163 2 590

134 2 235 164 1 600

135 2 360 165 2 520

136 1 410 167 2 455

137 1 450 169 1 600

138 1 430 170 1 700

173 1 620 188 1 820

174 1 620 191 1 1070

178 1 600 195 2 1050

180 2 670 196 1 1090

182 1 750 199 1 1100

183 1 860 205 1 1430

184 1 1010 208 1 1220

185 2 850 215 1 1220

186 4 943 242 1 1730

104 1 160 154 2 375

105 1 30 155 1 340

111 1 90 158 2 430

115 2 235 160 1 380

11 7 1 40 161 1 560

118 2 190 162 3 503

125 2 170 163 3 483

126 1 190 166 1 450

130 3 190 167 1 550

133 1 170 168 1 720

139 2 215 169 1 570

142 3 293 170 2 540

145 3 340 172 1 560

147 3 303 173 1 710

148 1 290 174 1 470

149 1 250 175 2 640

150 3 393 176 1 720

151 3 470 178 1 700

152 2 290 179 1 500

153 2 310 180 1 850

185 2 745 217 1 1180

186 1 650 220 1 1300

187 1 580 222 1 1360

200 1 820 227 1 1480

202 1 1230 228 1 1360

211 1 1310 245 3 1973

212 2 1150 250 1 1950

I me1as log W ~ -29533 + 37974 log L

Condition Factor

102 13 123 137 45 1 75

110 245 109 138 43 164

114 17 115 141 45 161

115 5 033 144 33 loll

11 7 245 103 145 38 125

118 33 201 146 29 093

121 34 192 149 45 136

123 27 145 151 375 109

124 27 142 153 395 loll

125 245 126 156 45 119

126 326 163 157 39 101

129 33 154 158 32 081

130 30 137 160 40 098

131 35 156 161 53 128

134 235 098 162 58 136

135 36 146 163 59 136

136 41 163 164 60 136

165 52 116 185 85 134

167 455 098 186 943 148 169 60 124 188 82 123

170 70 142 191 107 154

173 62 120 195 105 142

174 62 118 196 109 145

178 60 106 199 110 140

180 67 115 205 143 166

182 75 124 208 122 136

183 86 140 215 122 123

184 101 162 242 173 122

104 16 142 152 29 083

105 j 026 153 31 087

111 9 066 154 375 103

115 235 155 155 34 091

117 4 025 158 43 109

118 19 116 160 38 093

125 17 087 161 56 134

126 19 095 162 503 118

130 19 086 163 483 112

133 17 072 166 45 098

139 215 080 167 55 118

142 193 102 168 72 152

145 34 loll 169 57 118

147 303 095 170 54 110

148 29 089 172 56 110

149 25 076 173 71 137

150 393 117 174 47 089

151 47 140 175 64 120

176 72 132 211 131 139

178 70 124 212 115 121

179 50 087 21 7 118 115

180 85 146 220 130 122

185 745 118 222 136 124

186 65 101 227 148 127

187 58 089 228 136 115

200 82 103 245 1973 134

202 123 149 250 195 125

~ ai 100 tf)

r 50__

to bull

bull -_

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 1~ 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

200middot

~~~ ~_

~----- bull 10 1

11 12 I

14 Imiddot

15 Imiddot

16 I -j

19 20 21 22 23 24 25

1 34 138

2 26 115

3 18 142

4 1 122

1 17 092

2 54 110

3 9 126

4 4 132

CHAPTER IV

SUMMARY

the study fish

44degC

age group II

LITERATURE CITED

1962 ishes

DetershyTrans

Lohmeyer 1972

Lohmeyer 1972 pt2

on 27 July 1971

to shift also

the aquarium

the subject

then spit out

Escape Behavior

the front glass

I me1as

Field Study

for 1 natalis

31761 m bull

11 5 3

12 4 3

13 3 5

18 1 2

19 3 3

TABLE I (Continued)

20 4 4

27 3 14

30 ~ 2

32 1 1

33 3 4

34 1 2

37 4 1

1 30 2 05 300

2 10 2 04 80

3 65 4 04 1040

4 30 3 06 540

5 15 2 05 150

6 70 4 12 3360

7 20 3 12 720

8 30 2 05 150

9 65 5 20 6500

10 10 3 08 240

11 60 3 09 1620

12 20 15 15 4500

13 50 4 08 1600

14 50 3 08 1200

15 40 8 08 2560

16 40 4 09 1440

17 25 15 20 7500

18 10 2 08 160

Station Length m

Width m

Depth m

Area m3

19 15 3 15 675

20 10 3 10 300

21 40 4 15 2400

22 2 2 05 20

23 15 5 10 750

24 60 4 08 1920

25 20 4 08 640

26 100 5 05 2500

27 5 3 04 60

28 5 3 04 60

29 20 2 04 160

30 35 4 10 1400

31 60 4 12 2880

32 40 4 15 4200

33 25 7 10 1500

34 12 5 10 600

35 bull 80 7 15 8400

36 45 5 12 2700

37 40 2 04 320

vegetation

a mean of 50degC

collecting stations

I melas only 15

10 mud and gravel

16 rock

17 mud and silt

27 mud and gravel

29 mud and gravel

33 mud and debri

ing station

than I melas

13 (08

26 lt08

32 (08

35 (08

08 14 8

08 30 47

13 41 35

17 14 10

25 1 0

collecting station

for I melas

station

1 dirt

2 X dirt and tree

3 X dirt and tree

4 dirt

5 dirt

6 dirt

7 X dirt and tree

8 X dirt

11 X dirt and tree

12 dirt

13 dirt

14 X dirt and tree

15 X dirt

17 dirt

19 X dirt

20 dirt and grass

22 X dirt and grass

24 X dirt and grass

25 dirt

28 X dirt and grass

1 none

2 filamentous algae

3 filamentous algae

4 filamentous algae

5 filamentous algae

8 filamentous algae

13 coontail

14 coontail

15 coontail

17 coontail

different pools

collecting days

August

10 278 200 2997 Down 52

11 31 7 200 3008 Steady 35

12 328 167 2999 Steady 48

13 31 7 200 3002 Steady 20

14 333 178 3009 Up 28

16 ---shy 183 3019 Down 59

17 31 7 150 3013 Down 45

18 311 156 3002 Down 45

19 317 226 3005 Down 37

20 333 200 3003 Down 32

21 333 206 2993 Steady 63

23 ---shy 189 2992 Down 54

24 333 217 3004 Steady 43 co

26 361 178 3005 Up 47

27 333 156 3011 Down 49

30 ---shy 128 3010 Down 46

31 294 133 3003 Down 42

September

1 300 172 2995 Steady 41

3 333 206 2983 Down 52

4 328 244 29~83 Down 70

7 ---shy 21 7 2994 Down 54

8 339 228 2995 Down SO

9 367 161 3000 Down 49

10 350 183 2995 Down 46

13 ---shy 150 2995 Down 38

14 31 7 189 2971 Steady 37 ~ 0

15 322 156 3003 Down 36

16 300 83 3006 Steady 47

17 222 11 7 3028 Down 41 Trace

21 ---- 50 3022 Down 16

22 222 106 3020 Down 57 Trace

23 228 89 3040 Down 44

24 211 106 3026 Down 70

25 189 133 2996 Steady 87 90

27 ---- 211 2976 Down 42

28 306 211 2990 Up 57

29 322 200 2999 Down 53

30 294 200 2992 Down 50

October

1 3U6 194 2989 Down 56

2 294 167 2991 Up 81 08

4 ---- 67 3012 Down 25

5 228 100 3015 Steady 29

6 267 83 3023 Down 44

7 283 122 3004 Down 36

8 267 139 3008 Steady 37

9 306 33 3018 Steady 43

11 ---- 100 3001 Down 23

12 250 67 2983 Down 23

13 244 67 3004 Down 40

14 300 89 2984 Steady 40

15 211 11 2987 Down 54 In

16 272 161 2998 Down 90

18 ---shy 172 2981 Steady tJ7 31

19 250 100 3001 Steady 53 33

20 172 11 3002 Down 93 26

21 139 122 3019 Down 87

22 144 11 7 3008 Steady 66

23 150 11 7 3009 Steady 88

25 ---shy 89 2999 Steady 75

26 206 144 2972 Down 73

27 244 111 2965 Up 50 04

November

3 194 -06 3031 Down 34

4 167 28 3004 Down 33

8 ---shy -06 3007 Down 76 14 VI N

9 61 11 3032 Down 38

10 56 22 3015 Down 22

11 144 00 3014 Down 22

12 183 78 2984 Down 38

15 ---- 122 3005 Down 59

16 239 128 3005 Down 93 22

17 233 122 2977 Down 70

18 156 28 3005 Up 73 Trace

19 189 -33 3006 Down 41

20 77 44 2989 Steady 30

22 ---- -38 3013 Down 82

23 67 -11 3013 Down 82 Snow-40

24 22 -17 3025 Down 89

humidities

precipitation

unknown) attached

groups II and IV

GRowrH

melas ---shy

-_~~~-~-

L nata1is

_ ___ __~-- 1LV ------t- ----~-------- -- shy -I -----------f---------t-------~-- ------~~- -I

~ j 12

9 ti Cf)

~ 5 ~ 4

100 150

H U ~ p (I)

20 ~ 0

~ ~ rQ

I II III

AGE IN YEARS IV

2S v ~ p ]

30 ~ 0 T ~ ~

sect i

Absolute Growth

IX and X

I 128 294

II 164 513

III 192 1008

IV 242 1730

I 122 169

II 162 476

III 217 1280

IV 246 1968

1 melas

I natalis

AGE IN YEARS

1StII I

51 I r

r4 ~ H

~ HZ ~ u Z H

c H o Z ~ I

----__-_

1 y bull --shy

AGE IN YEARS

I natalis

150J UJ

~ cr Z H

Eo-ltr 0shyH

~ 100 ~

II I melasI

102 1 130 141 1 450

110 2 145 144 1 330

114 1 170 145 1 380

115 1 50 146 1 290

11 7 2 245 149 1 450

118 1 330 151 2 375

121 1 340 153 2 395

123 1 270 150 1 450

124 1 270 157 2 390

125 4 245 158 1 320

126 3 327 160 1 400

129 1 330 161 2 530

130 1 300 162 1 580

131 2 350 163 2 590

134 2 235 164 1 600

135 2 360 165 2 520

136 1 410 167 2 455

137 1 450 169 1 600

138 1 430 170 1 700

173 1 620 188 1 820

174 1 620 191 1 1070

178 1 600 195 2 1050

180 2 670 196 1 1090

182 1 750 199 1 1100

183 1 860 205 1 1430

184 1 1010 208 1 1220

185 2 850 215 1 1220

186 4 943 242 1 1730

104 1 160 154 2 375

105 1 30 155 1 340

111 1 90 158 2 430

115 2 235 160 1 380

11 7 1 40 161 1 560

118 2 190 162 3 503

125 2 170 163 3 483

126 1 190 166 1 450

130 3 190 167 1 550

133 1 170 168 1 720

139 2 215 169 1 570

142 3 293 170 2 540

145 3 340 172 1 560

147 3 303 173 1 710

148 1 290 174 1 470

149 1 250 175 2 640

150 3 393 176 1 720

151 3 470 178 1 700

152 2 290 179 1 500

153 2 310 180 1 850

185 2 745 217 1 1180

186 1 650 220 1 1300

187 1 580 222 1 1360

200 1 820 227 1 1480

202 1 1230 228 1 1360

211 1 1310 245 3 1973

212 2 1150 250 1 1950

I me1as log W ~ -29533 + 37974 log L

Condition Factor

102 13 123 137 45 1 75

110 245 109 138 43 164

114 17 115 141 45 161

115 5 033 144 33 loll

11 7 245 103 145 38 125

118 33 201 146 29 093

121 34 192 149 45 136

123 27 145 151 375 109

124 27 142 153 395 loll

125 245 126 156 45 119

126 326 163 157 39 101

129 33 154 158 32 081

130 30 137 160 40 098

131 35 156 161 53 128

134 235 098 162 58 136

135 36 146 163 59 136

136 41 163 164 60 136

165 52 116 185 85 134

167 455 098 186 943 148 169 60 124 188 82 123

170 70 142 191 107 154

173 62 120 195 105 142

174 62 118 196 109 145

178 60 106 199 110 140

180 67 115 205 143 166

182 75 124 208 122 136

183 86 140 215 122 123

184 101 162 242 173 122

104 16 142 152 29 083

105 j 026 153 31 087

111 9 066 154 375 103

115 235 155 155 34 091

117 4 025 158 43 109

118 19 116 160 38 093

125 17 087 161 56 134

126 19 095 162 503 118

130 19 086 163 483 112

133 17 072 166 45 098

139 215 080 167 55 118

142 193 102 168 72 152

145 34 loll 169 57 118

147 303 095 170 54 110

148 29 089 172 56 110

149 25 076 173 71 137

150 393 117 174 47 089

151 47 140 175 64 120

176 72 132 211 131 139

178 70 124 212 115 121

179 50 087 21 7 118 115

180 85 146 220 130 122

185 745 118 222 136 124

186 65 101 227 148 127

187 58 089 228 136 115

200 82 103 245 1973 134

202 123 149 250 195 125

~ ai 100 tf)

r 50__

to bull

bull -_

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 1~ 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

200middot

~~~ ~_

~----- bull 10 1

11 12 I

14 Imiddot

15 Imiddot

16 I -j

19 20 21 22 23 24 25

1 34 138

2 26 115

3 18 142

4 1 122

1 17 092

2 54 110

3 9 126

4 4 132

CHAPTER IV

SUMMARY

the study fish

44degC

age group II

LITERATURE CITED

1962 ishes

DetershyTrans

Lohmeyer 1972

Lohmeyer 1972 pt2

on 27 July 1971

to shift also

the aquarium

the subject

then spit out

Escape Behavior

the front glass

I me1as

Field Study

for 1 natalis

31761 m bull

11 5 3

12 4 3

13 3 5

18 1 2

19 3 3

TABLE I (Continued)

20 4 4

27 3 14

30 ~ 2

32 1 1

33 3 4

34 1 2

37 4 1

1 30 2 05 300

2 10 2 04 80

3 65 4 04 1040

4 30 3 06 540

5 15 2 05 150

6 70 4 12 3360

7 20 3 12 720

8 30 2 05 150

9 65 5 20 6500

10 10 3 08 240

11 60 3 09 1620

12 20 15 15 4500

13 50 4 08 1600

14 50 3 08 1200

15 40 8 08 2560

16 40 4 09 1440

17 25 15 20 7500

18 10 2 08 160

Station Length m

Width m

Depth m

Area m3

19 15 3 15 675

20 10 3 10 300

21 40 4 15 2400

22 2 2 05 20

23 15 5 10 750

24 60 4 08 1920

25 20 4 08 640

26 100 5 05 2500

27 5 3 04 60

28 5 3 04 60

29 20 2 04 160

30 35 4 10 1400

31 60 4 12 2880

32 40 4 15 4200

33 25 7 10 1500

34 12 5 10 600

35 bull 80 7 15 8400

36 45 5 12 2700

37 40 2 04 320

vegetation

a mean of 50degC

collecting stations

I melas only 15

10 mud and gravel

16 rock

17 mud and silt

27 mud and gravel

29 mud and gravel

33 mud and debri

ing station

than I melas

13 (08

26 lt08

32 (08

35 (08

08 14 8

08 30 47

13 41 35

17 14 10

25 1 0

collecting station

for I melas

station

1 dirt

2 X dirt and tree

3 X dirt and tree

4 dirt

5 dirt

6 dirt

7 X dirt and tree

8 X dirt

11 X dirt and tree

12 dirt

13 dirt

14 X dirt and tree

15 X dirt

17 dirt

19 X dirt

20 dirt and grass

22 X dirt and grass

24 X dirt and grass

25 dirt

28 X dirt and grass

1 none

2 filamentous algae

3 filamentous algae

4 filamentous algae

5 filamentous algae

8 filamentous algae

13 coontail

14 coontail

15 coontail

17 coontail

different pools

collecting days

August

10 278 200 2997 Down 52

11 31 7 200 3008 Steady 35

12 328 167 2999 Steady 48

13 31 7 200 3002 Steady 20

14 333 178 3009 Up 28

16 ---shy 183 3019 Down 59

17 31 7 150 3013 Down 45

18 311 156 3002 Down 45

19 317 226 3005 Down 37

20 333 200 3003 Down 32

21 333 206 2993 Steady 63

23 ---shy 189 2992 Down 54

24 333 217 3004 Steady 43 co

26 361 178 3005 Up 47

27 333 156 3011 Down 49

30 ---shy 128 3010 Down 46

31 294 133 3003 Down 42

September

1 300 172 2995 Steady 41

3 333 206 2983 Down 52

4 328 244 29~83 Down 70

7 ---shy 21 7 2994 Down 54

8 339 228 2995 Down SO

9 367 161 3000 Down 49

10 350 183 2995 Down 46

13 ---shy 150 2995 Down 38

14 31 7 189 2971 Steady 37 ~ 0

15 322 156 3003 Down 36

16 300 83 3006 Steady 47

17 222 11 7 3028 Down 41 Trace

21 ---- 50 3022 Down 16

22 222 106 3020 Down 57 Trace

23 228 89 3040 Down 44

24 211 106 3026 Down 70

25 189 133 2996 Steady 87 90

27 ---- 211 2976 Down 42

28 306 211 2990 Up 57

29 322 200 2999 Down 53

30 294 200 2992 Down 50

October

1 3U6 194 2989 Down 56

2 294 167 2991 Up 81 08

4 ---- 67 3012 Down 25

5 228 100 3015 Steady 29

6 267 83 3023 Down 44

7 283 122 3004 Down 36

8 267 139 3008 Steady 37

9 306 33 3018 Steady 43

11 ---- 100 3001 Down 23

12 250 67 2983 Down 23

13 244 67 3004 Down 40

14 300 89 2984 Steady 40

15 211 11 2987 Down 54 In

16 272 161 2998 Down 90

18 ---shy 172 2981 Steady tJ7 31

19 250 100 3001 Steady 53 33

20 172 11 3002 Down 93 26

21 139 122 3019 Down 87

22 144 11 7 3008 Steady 66

23 150 11 7 3009 Steady 88

25 ---shy 89 2999 Steady 75

26 206 144 2972 Down 73

27 244 111 2965 Up 50 04

November

3 194 -06 3031 Down 34

4 167 28 3004 Down 33

8 ---shy -06 3007 Down 76 14 VI N

9 61 11 3032 Down 38

10 56 22 3015 Down 22

11 144 00 3014 Down 22

12 183 78 2984 Down 38

15 ---- 122 3005 Down 59

16 239 128 3005 Down 93 22

17 233 122 2977 Down 70

18 156 28 3005 Up 73 Trace

19 189 -33 3006 Down 41

20 77 44 2989 Steady 30

22 ---- -38 3013 Down 82

23 67 -11 3013 Down 82 Snow-40

24 22 -17 3025 Down 89

humidities

precipitation

unknown) attached

groups II and IV

GRowrH

melas ---shy

-_~~~-~-

L nata1is

_ ___ __~-- 1LV ------t- ----~-------- -- shy -I -----------f---------t-------~-- ------~~- -I

~ j 12

9 ti Cf)

~ 5 ~ 4

100 150

H U ~ p (I)

20 ~ 0

~ ~ rQ

I II III

AGE IN YEARS IV

2S v ~ p ]

30 ~ 0 T ~ ~

sect i

Absolute Growth

IX and X

I 128 294

II 164 513

III 192 1008

IV 242 1730

I 122 169

II 162 476

III 217 1280

IV 246 1968

1 melas

I natalis

AGE IN YEARS

1StII I

51 I r

r4 ~ H

~ HZ ~ u Z H

c H o Z ~ I

----__-_

1 y bull --shy

AGE IN YEARS

I natalis

150J UJ

~ cr Z H

Eo-ltr 0shyH

~ 100 ~

II I melasI

102 1 130 141 1 450

110 2 145 144 1 330

114 1 170 145 1 380

115 1 50 146 1 290

11 7 2 245 149 1 450

118 1 330 151 2 375

121 1 340 153 2 395

123 1 270 150 1 450

124 1 270 157 2 390

125 4 245 158 1 320

126 3 327 160 1 400

129 1 330 161 2 530

130 1 300 162 1 580

131 2 350 163 2 590

134 2 235 164 1 600

135 2 360 165 2 520

136 1 410 167 2 455

137 1 450 169 1 600

138 1 430 170 1 700

173 1 620 188 1 820

174 1 620 191 1 1070

178 1 600 195 2 1050

180 2 670 196 1 1090

182 1 750 199 1 1100

183 1 860 205 1 1430

184 1 1010 208 1 1220

185 2 850 215 1 1220

186 4 943 242 1 1730

104 1 160 154 2 375

105 1 30 155 1 340

111 1 90 158 2 430

115 2 235 160 1 380

11 7 1 40 161 1 560

118 2 190 162 3 503

125 2 170 163 3 483

126 1 190 166 1 450

130 3 190 167 1 550

133 1 170 168 1 720

139 2 215 169 1 570

142 3 293 170 2 540

145 3 340 172 1 560

147 3 303 173 1 710

148 1 290 174 1 470

149 1 250 175 2 640

150 3 393 176 1 720

151 3 470 178 1 700

152 2 290 179 1 500

153 2 310 180 1 850

185 2 745 217 1 1180

186 1 650 220 1 1300

187 1 580 222 1 1360

200 1 820 227 1 1480

202 1 1230 228 1 1360

211 1 1310 245 3 1973

212 2 1150 250 1 1950

I me1as log W ~ -29533 + 37974 log L

Condition Factor

102 13 123 137 45 1 75

110 245 109 138 43 164

114 17 115 141 45 161

115 5 033 144 33 loll

11 7 245 103 145 38 125

118 33 201 146 29 093

121 34 192 149 45 136

123 27 145 151 375 109

124 27 142 153 395 loll

125 245 126 156 45 119

126 326 163 157 39 101

129 33 154 158 32 081

130 30 137 160 40 098

131 35 156 161 53 128

134 235 098 162 58 136

135 36 146 163 59 136

136 41 163 164 60 136

165 52 116 185 85 134

167 455 098 186 943 148 169 60 124 188 82 123

170 70 142 191 107 154

173 62 120 195 105 142

174 62 118 196 109 145

178 60 106 199 110 140

180 67 115 205 143 166

182 75 124 208 122 136

183 86 140 215 122 123

184 101 162 242 173 122

104 16 142 152 29 083

105 j 026 153 31 087

111 9 066 154 375 103

115 235 155 155 34 091

117 4 025 158 43 109

118 19 116 160 38 093

125 17 087 161 56 134

126 19 095 162 503 118

130 19 086 163 483 112

133 17 072 166 45 098

139 215 080 167 55 118

142 193 102 168 72 152

145 34 loll 169 57 118

147 303 095 170 54 110

148 29 089 172 56 110

149 25 076 173 71 137

150 393 117 174 47 089

151 47 140 175 64 120

176 72 132 211 131 139

178 70 124 212 115 121

179 50 087 21 7 118 115

180 85 146 220 130 122

185 745 118 222 136 124

186 65 101 227 148 127

187 58 089 228 136 115

200 82 103 245 1973 134

202 123 149 250 195 125

~ ai 100 tf)

r 50__

to bull

bull -_

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 1~ 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

200middot

~~~ ~_

~----- bull 10 1

11 12 I

14 Imiddot

15 Imiddot

16 I -j

19 20 21 22 23 24 25

1 34 138

2 26 115

3 18 142

4 1 122

1 17 092

2 54 110

3 9 126

4 4 132

CHAPTER IV

SUMMARY

the study fish

44degC

age group II

LITERATURE CITED

1962 ishes

DetershyTrans

Lohmeyer 1972

Lohmeyer 1972 pt2

Documents

BEHAVIOR, ECOLOGY, GROWTH, Jll~ INTERSPECIFIC …