Behaviour

Mon 8th March.

COPY:BAT: Explain that animals inherit certain patterns of

behaviour from their parents known as instinctive behaviour

• Starter: Write down as many examples of instinctive behaviour that you can think

• Stepping on drawing pin - the pin is the stimulus for this behaviour.

• The reflex action that results is instinctive.

Instinctive responses are inherited from parents and reinforced by natural selection

• The quicker individuals respond the better their chances of survival.

Innate or Learned Behaviour?

Starter

Watch the video clips.

• Were these responses learned? • Why does the baby have these reflexes?

http://uk.youtube.com/watch?v=pxvb097an3o - moro reflexhttp://uk.youtube.com/watch?v=bal9fYVGv74 walking reflexhttp://uk.youtube.com/watch?v=6CdPC0520L4 swimming reflexhttp://uk.youtube.com/watch?v=gyVLD0hl0XY Primary reflexes

Innate Behaviour

When an animal responds to something automatically, without thinking about it we call it:

An INNATE or INSTINCTIVE behaviour or response

A baby’s reflex response is an example of an INNATE BEHAVIOUR

• Make a list of the different innate responses the babies had.

• How does each behaviour help the baby to survive?

Is it only humans that have innate behaviour?

http://uk.youtube.com/watch?v=RrY2lkxBhGU

cuckoo chick in nest

Why does the newly hatched cuckoo have this behaviour?

Be specific!!1. It has the nest to itself – more room to grow, less

likely to fall out

2.More food and care from parents – no competition

Answer the following questions in full sentences

• Page 46-47 Q 1-5

COPY:BAT:Explain that animals can learn through

conditioning

STARTER: Explain why animals possess innate behaviours.

http://uk.youtube.com/watch?v=a8dpAMPGmek toddler walking

http://uk.youtube.com/watch?v=WndzXOQDB2A baby feeding itself

These are examples of:

LEARNED BEHAVIOUR

It takes a while for babies to learn to walk, eat and talk by themselves

Bahaviour that changes in the light of experience is learned

• Pets will show you learned behaviour - e.g heading for kitchen cupboard, picking up lead etc.

Hands up who likes chocolate!

Which hand did you raise?

Number of left hands up

Number of Right hands up

Raising your hand to answer a question is a ………………….. behaviour

Instinctively putting up an particular hand is a ………………..behaviour

learned

innateNow try this with catching a ball. Do you instinctively use the same hand. Careful!!

What Triggers Behaviour?

• What made you instinctively catch the ball?

• What happens if you hear a loud bang?

You behave in that way because you are RESPONDING TO A STIMULUS (signal)

These are examples of EXTERNAL STIMULICan you think of other external stimuli we

respond to?Temperature, light, touch, smell, taste

What Triggers Behaviour?

• Birds are born knowing how to build a particular shape and

size of nest at the right time of year.

• What external stimuli are the birds responding to?

Temperature and hours of daylight

What Triggers Behaviour?

What things will make a baby cry?

Feeling cold, feeling tired, wet/dirty nappy, hungry, loud noise, stranger

Which of these are External stimuli?

Feeling tired, hungry and uncomfortable are

INTERNAL STIMULI

Learning a new skill You will need:A card with a star shape

on it.Tracing paperPencilMirrorstopwatch

Method:Work in pairs – take it in turns to be

the learner and the timer

1. Measure how long it takes to trace a shape on paper

2. Trace the shape by looking at the reflection in a mirror.

3. Try several times. 4. How long does it take

after practice5. How many goes were

needed to learn this new behaviour

• To begin with a young pet cat will only show interest when the food is seen and tasted. Seeing and tasting are the primary stimuli which the cat associates with food.

• With age it starts to associate secondary stimuli with food e.g. the owner heading for food cupboard.

Conditioning

• The secondary stimulus itself is not directly linked to the possibility of food but the cat has learnt the association.

• We say the cat has become conditioned.

Ivan Pavlov 1849-1936

• The Russion Ivan Pavlov was first to study conditioned behaviour scientifically

• Pavlov noticed that when food (the primary stimulus) was placed in a dog’s mmouth the flow of saliva increased.

• He also noticed that the flow of saliva increased as soon as the dog smelt his hand (secondary stimulus) - even before food was placed in dog’s mouth.

• The dog’s production of saliva was increased when Pavlov’s personal smell was followed with the taste of food.

• After a while Pavlov’s personal smell itself was enough to make the dog produce as much saliva as if it had been given food.

• Pavlov then conditioned dogs to produce saliva in response to other stimuli, such as the ringing of a bell.

• This type of conditioning is called classical conditioning. It fades unless it is reinforced from time to time.

Trial and Error conditioning

• Here the learning develops because of reward or punishment.

• American scientist B.F. Skinner (1904-1990) set out to investigate this in rats and other animlas.

What human behaviour is a result of this type of conditioning?

Now answer these questions in full sentences

• Pages 48-49 Q 1-5

Plenary

• Fill in the worksheet

• How well have you achieved your BAT’s today? What level do you think you have achieved?

Homework:• What have I learnt this week.• Try out the hands up and ball catching activity at

home. Do you family use the same hand as you? Why might that be?

Choosing a place to live

• What stimulus are woodlice responding to when they choose to live in dark conditions?

• Light• Is that an external or

internal stimulus?• External

Which Conditions Do woodlice prefer?

• Plan an investigation to find out if woodlice prefer to live in dark or light conditions using a choice chamber.

What will your Independent variable be?What will you keep the same?What will you measure (Dependent variable)• Include in your plan:• A Risk Assessment to work safely with

animals• How you will treat the woodlice ethically

Collecting Data

Amount of Light

Try 1 Try 2 Try 3 Try 4 Average

Number of woodlice

Light

Dark

Number of woodlice

Which Conditions did the woodlice prefer?

• Draw a bar chart of the results

• Write a conclusion to answer the question in the title.

The woodlice preferred the ……conditions.

This is probably because …………………

…………………………………………..

How could you get level 6 for this conclusion? Look at the 3rd BAT!

Plenary

• How reliable were your results?

• What could you do to improve reliability?

Extension: What other behaviour in woodlice could you investigate using a choice chamber?

Lesson 3:Hibernation and Migration

BATs4. Predict how conditions

(light levels and temperature) in a habitat are likely to change over the course of a year (IQ)

5. Interpret (analyse) simply presented temperature records (IQ)

5.Make links between the observed behaviour and the benefit to the individual organism. (Link to survival of species lev 6). (IQ/CT)

StarterHow does day length and

temperature vary over a year?

Look at the data sheets to see the range in temperature and hours of sunlight over a year.

High temperatures

Low temperatures

Research

• Find out about how one plant or animal copes with the changes in temperature and/or daylight.

How do some animals cope with changes in temperature and daylight?

• When it is cold some animals ……… whilst others ……. to a warmer climate.

• They are responding to the …….. Stimulus of ………..

• They behave like this because …………………………………..

External migrate, hibernate, temperature

How do some animals cope with changes in temperature and daylight?

• When it is cold some animals hibernate whilst others migrate to a warmer climate.

• They are responding to the external Stimulus of temperature.

• They behave like this because they cannot get enough food in cold conditions to survive.

How do some plants cope with changes in temperature and light?

• When it is cold some plants … whilst others, like carrots and …….. plants produce …. ……. organs to help them survive the winter.

• They are responding to the ……… Stimuli of ……….. and …...

• They behave like this because they cannot …………… in …. and …… conditions.

Darker, photosynthesise, die, external, light, food storage, cold, temperature

How do some plants cope with changes in temperature and light?

• When it is cold some plants die whilst others, like carrots and daffodil plants produce food storage organs to help them survive the winter.

• They are responding to the external Stimuli of temperature and light.

• They behave like this because they cannot photosynthesise in cold and darker conditions.

Lesson 4: Courtship

BATs

4. Work in a group to create a presentation about courtship in an imaginary animal (TW, CT)

5. Match the stimulus to the behaviour.

6. Appreciate how courtship can be linked to the survival of the species. (IQ/CT)

Starter

Lesson 5: Review

BATs

Create a display or mind map to summarise what I have learned about behaviour (CT, RL)

Assess what level I have achieved for this topic based on BAT’s and level descriptors, and know how to get to the next level (RL)

Starter