Quick Review & Looking Forward

Bell Ringer 11/14/2013m.socrative.com - Room #38178QUESTION:1. What are the 3 main parts of sonata form?2. What do we call an extended composition, lasting 20-45 minutes, that explores a wide range of tone colors and dynamics?

USE YOUR DEVICES IF YOU HAVE ONE its so much quicker to grade when you submit them electronically!!!

Sorry I dont have your binder grades yet. Infinite Campus was down last night so I havent had a chance to enter them. I will get them into the gradebook tonight and pass them back tomorrow when youre working on your projects.Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart1756-1791Classical Symphony - ComposersWolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756-1791)Wrote over 600 works, 41 were symphoniesHis last 6 are most complex and rich in orchestrationPlayed the keyboard and violinComposed from the age of 5He would play, his father would write the piece downAustrian

K1-5: Example

Wolfgang Amadeus MozartPerformed at the court of Empress Maria Theresa at age 6

At the age of 17 he was a court musician in Salzburg performing for Austrian royalty

Aristocratic patronage was essential for musicians to earn a living, although the middle classes provided a progressively larger portion of commissions, pupil fees, and concert attendance

He moved to Vienna in the late 1700s and achieved fame but struggled financiallyHis best works were composed in Vienna

Wolfgang Amadeus MozartMozarts short career (died at 35 of illness) was dogged by financial insecurityConstantly broke and struggling to pay bills

How he died is part of a mystery well talk about next week was it a fever? Did he work himself to death? Did his rival composer Salieri murder him? (The movie is about his life and the mystery of his death.)Wolfgang Amadeus MozartEarly symphonies were simple and relatively short while later works were longer and more complex

His last 3 symphonies are generally regarded as among his greatest masterpieces

The typical classical symphony: Symphony No. 40 in G minorThis work, along with 39 and 41, has clear order and restraint, yet they exhibit a tremendous emotional urgencySymphony No. 401 of only 2 symphonies Mozart wrote in a MINOR key25 is also in G Minor

Was written in just a few weeks in 1788 (he completed Symphonies 39 and 41 in the same few weeks.)June-August 1788

Mozart never got it hear it performedThere is proof that he BRIEFLY heard itThe performance was so bad that he left the room before it was finishedSymphony No. 40Scored for 2 flutes, 2 oboes, 2 clarinets, 2 bassoons, 2 horns, and full string section No trumpets or percussion

4 MovementsFast, Slow, Minuet (3/4 dance), Fast

Every movement (but the minuet & trio) is in sonata form

Symphony No. 40Four MovementsMozarts Symphony No. 40

1st Movement in Sonata FormThe violins state the first theme above a soft homophonic accompanimentRestless rhythms accentuated by the liveliness of the lower stringsSecond theme in woodwinds and strings (contrasts the first)The exposition is completely repeated (AABA) 2:01Development section takes the beginning 3-note motif and explores several possibilitiesBrief Development Section 3:55Recapitulation restates the first and second themes 5:05

Symphony No. 40A work of passion, violence, and grief.

One of his most admired works

Beethoven knew it wellCopied 29 bars of it into one of his sketchbooks

The first theme comes from his 21st piano concertoWritten 3 years before the symphonyhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i2uYb6bMKyI (4 minutes)Eine Kleine NachtmusikWritten for strings only (not a full orchestra)No winds, brass, or percussion of any kind

Written in 1787, published in 1827Long after Mozarts deathWas sold to a publisher in 1799 (with several other of his compositions) by his wife to make money

A little night musicEine Kleine NachtmusikWritten in 4 MovementsI. Allegro (the one you need to know)II. Romanze: AndanteIII. Minuetto: AllegrettoIV. Rondo: Allegro

The first movement is in sonata formDevelopment: 3:15Recap: 3:50The Turkish MarchPart of Mozarts Piano Sonata No. 11The Fourth Movement RondoThe whole sonata is about 20 minutes in length

One of Mozarts most famous piano pieces

Imitates the sound of Turkish bands

The Turkish MarchABACA form - RONDO

The Marriage of FigaroLe nozze di Figaro, ossia la folle giornataThe Marriage of Figaro, or the Day of Madness

A Comic OperaWell look at the story and actually watch part of it when we study theater

Figaro first premiered in May 1786Mozart himself conducted the first two performancesIt had 9 total performances

The Marriage of FigaroThe applause of the audience the first night resulted in 5 encoresThere were 7 the second night

It is currently number 6 on the current Operabase list of the most performed operas worldwide

The Marriage of FigaroThe overture music is not anywhere else in the opera (with the exception of one short melody in one short song)Usually overtures are composed of music from the opera like a medley of all the best tunes

The Marriage of Figaro Overture

This is the opening piece

The Mozart EffectHave you heard of The Mozart Effect?The Mozart EffectListening to Mozart makes you smarterThe idea that early childhood exposure to classical music has a beneficial effect on mental development

Started with research that suggested that listening to Mozart temporarily boosted scores on one portion of the IQ test.The Mozart EffectRauscher, Shaw, and Ky (1993) investigated the effect of listening to music by Mozart on spatial reasoning

They gave research participants 3 different tests one while listening to a sonata by Mozart, one while listening to relaxation music, and one with silence.

Spatial reasoning was enhanced while listening to MozartThe Mozart EffectRauscher, Shaw, and Ky argue that their work was misinterpreted.Didnt prove that classical music makes you smarter, just proved that parts of the brain respond to specific frequencies

A follow up study proved that it was only temporary no student had effects extending beyond 15 minutesThe Mozart EffectIn 1997, another study was done where 3 and 4 year olds were given 8 months of private piano lessons.They scored 34% higher on tests than those who received computer lessons, singing lessons, and no training

In 1997, Don Campbell argued that playing selected classical music to infants would benefit their mental development.This has been explored in studies with no definitive resultsThe Mozart EffectCampbell wrote a follow-up book and sold products specifically aimed at exposing young students to classical music in an effort to improve their brain function

He represents the general use of music to reduce stress, depression, anxiety; induce relaxation and sleep; activate the body; and improve memory or awareness.The Mozart EffectAny later study with positive effects have been associated with music giving people positive emotions

Some studies suggest no IQ or spatial ability increase in childrenOthers suggest IQ and spatial reasoning can increase with high energy music that students enjoy.

The Mozart EffectIn 1999, two parallel studies were done to prove or disprove the Mozart EffectThey proved that any cognitive enhancement was small and did not reflect a change in IQThe improvement comes from enjoyment stimulating the brainThey tested with Mozart and readings of Stephen King people that enjoyed what they were exposed to performed betterThey used the piece in the original study, and subjects didnt do as well when the tempo was slower and the chords were minor (instead of major)

Other ResearchRegardless, national arts education associations argue that participation in the arts will grant students success in society, school, intelligence, and life.As we go through these feel free to bring up questions! Lets have a discussion!My biggest question: do these things happen because students are exposed to the arts OR are these simply the students that choose to be exposed to the arts?

Other ResearchSociety: music, drawing, and painting will give students an edge just as surely as math and science willThe ability to think critically, and to approach international problems as citizens of the world.When people play, perform, or dance together, they lean to cooperate as well as express themselvesStudents in band or orchestra reported the LOWEST lifetime and current use of substances (alcohol, tobacco, drugs)

Other ResearchSchool Schools with music programs have significantly higher graduation rates than those without (90.2% as compared to 72.9% )Schools with music programs have significantly higher attendance rates (93.3% compared to 84.9%)Students in good music programs scored 17% higher in math than children in schools without a music programStudents with low quality music programs scored higher in English and Math than students with no music at allStudents with experience in music performance scored 57 points higher on the verbal part and 43 points higher on the math portion of the SAT (2007)Students in music appreciation courses were 62 points higher on the verbal and 41 points higher on the math portion than students with no music at all

Other ResearchIntelligence Students with musical training recalled more words in verbal memory than those untrainedMastering a musical instrument improves the way the human brain processes parts of spoken languageEasier to detect small differences in words/syllablesMusicians have more focused brain activityYoung children who take music lessons have improved memoryOther ResearchLife The creative skills children develop through the arts carry them towards new ideas, new experiences, and new challengesMusic has the power to bring people togetherMusic is the only universal language the symbols mean the same thing no matter where you goIts part of being humanListening Recognition PracticeOn the Quiz and Test youll need to recognize certain famous pieces of music lets practice!Listening Recognition PracticeOn your paper is a list of pieces youve heard so far in this unit.Weve added the Turkish March and Marriage of Figaro

For today, simply write the number next to what you think is being played.We wont go over them until theyve ALL been played. Practice and see what you know!

Practice Online: http://nohsbands.weebly.com Hover over Arts and Humanities and click Classical Period

AmadeusWell start this movie Wednesday after the quiz and watch it the rest of the week.

Heres a little sneak preview