Bell-Ringer1) What is the function of the organelle pictured below:a) Transport materials and make mitochondriab) Transport materials and make proteinsc) Transport materials and make energyd) Transport materials and store water

2) The smooth ER can not make proteins because…a) It does not have mitochondriab) It is not located in the nucleusc) It does not have ribosomesd) It does not have vesicles

3) The Golgi Apparatus is most like a…e) Power Plant – makes ATP for the cellf) UPS Truck – transports materialsg) City Hall – the brain of the cellh) Post Office – addresses proteins

Still More

Organelles...

Golgi Apparatus • The Golgi Apparatus is very similar to the ER in

both function and appearance.• It is responsible for transporting proteins or

lipids made by the ER to various parts of the cell.

Golgi Apparatus

Golgi Apparatus • The Golgi acts like a Post Office.

Golgi Apparatus • The Golgi acts like a Post Office.• It receives proteins, “addresses” them by

attaching different carbohydrates, and then delivers them to the correct part of the cell.

Golgi Apparatus • The Golgi acts like a Post Office.• The Golgi is very important in ensuring that

proteins get delivered to the correct area of the cell.

• Create the Golgi Apparatus• Place it inside your cell.

Play-Doh

Vesicles • Vesicles are responsible for transporting

substances throughout the cell (like the Post Office’s Trucks.)

• They are spherical organelles, surrounded by their own membrane layer.

Vesicles • Vesicles are responsible for transporting

substances throughout the cell (like the Post Office’s Trucks.)

• They are spherical organelles, surrounded by their own membrane layer.

What are cell membranes made out of?

Vesicles • Vesicles are responsible for transporting

substances throughout the cell (like the Post Office’s Trucks.)

• They are spherical organelles, surrounded by their own membrane layer.

Phospholipids

Vesicles • Two important vesicles are:– Lysosomes– Peroxisomes

Lysosomes • Lysosomes are vesicles that form from the

Gogli Apparatus.• Lysosomes are the cell’s “clean up crew.”

Lysosomes • Lysosomes are vesicles that form from the

Gogli Apparatus.• Lysosomes are the cell’s “clean up crew.”• These vesicles contain digestive enzymes that

break down biological molecules and organelles.

Lysosomes • Lysosomes in the liver break down

carbohydrates in order to release sugar into the blood stream

• White blood cells use lysosomes to break down invading bacteria cells.

Lysosomes • Lysosomes are also responsible for breaking

down cells when it is time for the cell to die. • This function is very important in maintaining

the health of the organism.

Peroxisomes• Peroxisomes are also vesicles that contain

digestive enzymes.• These vesicles, however, are not produced by

the Golgi Apparatus.

Peroxisomes• Peroxisomes are responsible for neutralizing

compounds which would normally harm the body.• Peroxisomes are help detoxify alcohol and other

drugs within the body.

• Create some vesicles:– A Lysosome– A Peroxisome(make them different colors)

• Place them inside your cell.

Play-Doh

Cytoskeleton• The cytoskeleton gives

shape to the cell.• It is composed of a

network of crisscrossing tubes and filaments in the cytoplasm.

Cytoskeleton• The cytoskeleton is composed of three specific

elements:– Microtubules– Microfilaments– Intermediate filaments

• Create the cytoskeleton(crisscrossing filaments in the cytoplasm)

• Place them inside your cell.

Play-Doh

Cilia and Flagella• Many cells have either cilia or flagella to help

them move.

Cilia and Flagella• Cilia – hair-like

structures on the surface of the cell that assist in movement.

• Cilia are short and present in great numbers.

Cilia and Flagella• Flagella – tail-like structure on the surface of a

cell that assists in movement.• Flagella are longer than cilia and are far less

numerous when found on cells.

• Create both cilia and flagella for your cell• Place them on the outside of your cell

Play-Doh

1) Our bodies treat alcohol as a poison. Understanding this fact, we would expect someone who frequently abuses alcohol to have a higher number of __________ than someone who does not drink alcohol.

a) Lysosomesb) Mitochondriac) Peroxisomesd) Ribosomes

2) Vesicles are most like what other organelle…a) The cell membrane – both are lipid bilayers b) The mitochondria – both make ATPc) The ribosomes – both make proteinsd) Cilia – both are involved in movement

3) Looking through a microscope at some cells, you notice that one is very fluid. It is unable to keep its shape. You determine that it has a problem with...a) its Golgi Apparatusb) its Ribosomesc) its Flagellumd) its Cytoskeleton

4) The sperm cells to the right are powered by...a) Flagellumb) Ciliac) DNAd) Microtubule