Bell Ringer

• What are Three adaptations for the fetal circulations? – Ductus Venous– Ductus Arteriosus– Fetal Umbilicous– Umbilical Cord

Heart Diseases & Complications

Congenital Heart Disease

• What is it? – abnormalities in cardiovascular structures that

occur before birth.

– This defect often appears while the fetus is developing

– While it is considered a childhood disease, most will experience symptoms again in adulthood

Causes

• During the first month of development, your heart is a vague representation of 2 sides and 4 chambers

• During the development of these chambers and vessels deformities can occur

• Actual Cause is unknown– genetics

Symptoms

• Abnormal heart rhythms (arrhythmias)

• A bluish tint to the skin

• Shortness of breath

• Tiring quickly upon exertion

• Dizziness or fainting

• Swelling of body tissue or organs

Treatment

• Regular check ups

• Medications– Prevent blood clots

• Implantable heart devices– pacemaker

• Open heart surgery

• Heart transplant

Coronary Heart Disease

• What is it?– Your coronary arteries become damaged or

diseased– Plaque build up is the main cause– Is developed over decades

Cause

•Smoking

•High blood pressure

•High cholesterol

•Diabetes or insulin resistance

•Radiation therapy to the chest, as used for certain types of cancer

•Sedentary lifestyle

Symptoms

• Chest Pain

• Shortness of breath

• Lead up to heart attacks

Treatments

• Coronary artery bypass surgery• Drugs

– Cholesterol modifying meds– Aspirin– Beta Blockers– Nitroglycerin

• Life style changes– Quit smoking– Eat healthy/ exercise – Reduce stress

Cardiomyopathy

• What is it?– The left ventricle stretches and thins (dilates)

and can't pump blood as well as a healthy heart can.

– Abnormality of the heart muscle

Cause

• Genetics• Congenital heart

defects• Infections, including

those caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites

• Drug and alcohol abuse• Certain cancer

medications

• Exposure to toxins, such as lead, mercury and cobalt

• Coronary artery disease or heart attack

• High blood pressure (hypertension)

• Diabetes• Complications of late-

stage pregnancy

Symptoms

• Fatigue

• Shortness of breath when you're active or lying down

• Reduced ability to exercise

• Swelling in your legs, ankles and feet

• Swelling of your abdomen

Treatments

• Medications – Beta blockers– Digoxin– Blood thinning medication

• Devices– Biventricular pacemaker– Implantable cardioverter- defibrillator– Heart pumps

Heart Failure

• What is it?– Congestive heart failure– Multiple diseases lead to the weakening of the

heart

Cause

• Left/ right sided heart failure

• Systolic heart failure• Diastolic heart failure• High blood pressure• Faulty heart valves • Myocarditis • Congenital• Damage

Symptoms

• Fatigue and weakness• Swelling• Rapid or irregular

heartbeat• Persistent cough or

wheezing• Swelling of the

abdomen• nausea

• Sudden and sever shortness of breath

Treatment

• Medications appointed to the cause of heart failure

• Other treatments include – Bypass surgery– Heart valve repair/ replacement – Heart transplant

Video• Congenital Heart Disease surgery

– https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=njqsI5Ijfdc

• Heart Attack – https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H_VsHmo

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Web Quest

• http://www.studentbiology.weebly.com