Bell Ringer What were the main 2 religions that influenced the
architecture and sculpture of ancient India?
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The Art of India
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The Harappans They used bronze and copper technology and built
multistoried buildings made from fire brick. Drainage system
Written language based on pictograms or picture symbols Made and
traded clay pottery, bronze, stone figures, and cotton cloth
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Ruins of Mohenjo-Daro, India
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Artist Depiction of Mohenjo-Daro, India
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Harappan Art Mostly clay works or pottery made for trading
purposes Only a few small stone and bronze sculptures survived to
present day They worshipped many spirits who they believed were
found in water, trees, and humans
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Clay Sculpture
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Figurines
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Copper plate with vertical sides. Copper
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Four Theories of Collapse Archaeologists have offered four
explanations for the collapse of the Harappan Civilization. Three
are based on ecological factors: intense flooding, decrease in
precipitation, and the dessication of the Sarasvati River. The
fourth hypothesis is that of the Aryan Invasion, proposed by Sir R.
E. Mortimer Wheeler and Stuart Piggott.
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Birth of Buddhism 500 B.C. Founder: Prince Siddhartha Gautama
In time he came to be called the Buddha, which means the
Enlightened One Buddhist believe in reincarnation- after death a
soul returns to life in another form Meditation - Act of focusing
thoughts on a single subject or area, but not praying to a higher
being
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Buddhist Architecture Many Buddhist withdraw from society and
live in monasteries called viharas. At first these monasteries were
simple wooden sturctures or natural caves.
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Lomas Rishi cave: The arch-like shape facade of Lomas Rishi
Caves, imitate the contemporary timber architecture. On the
doorway, a row of elephants proceed towards stupa emblems, along
the curved architecture.
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Chaitya Hall at Karli 200 B.C. - Finest cave temple Exterior of
this cave is carved to look like the wooden construction of the
time.
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Stupa 1000 A.D. A small round burial shrine erected over a
grave site to hold relics of the Buddha
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Buddhist Sculpture Sculpture depicted various events in the
life of the Buddha King Prasenajit visits the Buddha, from the
Bharhut stupa Symbolism in this sculpture is the wheel having
several meanings: circle of life, maturity, and death associated
with each reincarnation, all leading to nirvana
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Gupta Era 320 - 600 A.D. The standing and cross-legged Buddha
sculpture were perfected during this time
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Yakshini One of the gates to the Great Stupa, Sanchi Voluptuous
woman, a spirit embodying ideas of fertility and abundance Not part
of the Buddhist faith but belongs to older widespread Indian
beliefs Was held that women were able to cause trees to blossom and
bear fruit
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Buddha Preaching the First Sermon, from Sarnath Seated in a
pose of meditation Mudras- hand gesture that indicates
preaching
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Hinduism 3 primary processes in life:.1 creation 2.
preservation 3. destruction 3 main Hindu gods: 1. Brahma, the
Creator 2. Vishnu, the Preserver 3. Shiva, the Destroyer Ultimate
goal is liberation from these cycles into a permanent state of pure
conscientiousness, nirvanna.
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Brahma Vishnu Shiva
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Hinduism Art Vishnu dreaming the god Brahma and the world into
existence Carved in stone
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Hindu Architecture Hindu temples- similar to Greek temples;
neither was intended to accommodate large numbers of worshipers
Meant to be viewed from the outside Ex. Vishnu Temple
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Kandariya Mahadeva Dedicated to Shiva It rests on a stone
platform that serves to mark out a sacred area and separate it from
the everyday world
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The Khmer Kingdom Temples were erected for the king or god-king
Finest and largest example is the beautiful temple complex known as
Angkor Wat
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Jain Art Traces its beginnings to a sage named Mahavira Like
the Buddha, Mahavira left the comforts of his home in his youth Did
not become a world faith, yet it still has an important presence in
India Watercolor paintings Ex. The Birth of Mahavira- The lives of
the great saints
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Mughal Art and Influence Influenced by Persian culture Most
beloved Mughal architecture is the Taj Mahal Illustrated books were
a second great Persian artistic tradition
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Mughal Paintings Hamzanama- love of detail and jewel-toned
palette while retaining the decorative flatness and saturated
color
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Henna Paintings Ancient art practiced exclusively by women,
especially in India for weddings Floral designs