Upload
toby-wells
View
219
Download
0
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Bell WorkTuesday 4/08
Please answer the following prompt in a complete paragraph:
In order to provide for a family often parents/guardians work long hours or sacrifice their personal desires for the good of those they love. Tell me about someone you know/look
up to and describe what they do to care for you or your family. (Make sure to give quality examples)
Sentence Stem Ex: I really look up to my ____ because they…….
SSR + Log Tuesday 4/08
Please sit quietly with your desks cleared and have your pencil/pen
ready for SSR
SSR + Log Tuesday 4/08
Please take two minutes to discuss our SSR article with your table mates.
When you receive your SSR Meta-cognitive log please read the directions and select and circle five sentence stems to help complete
the activity
Bell WorkWednesday 4/09
Look in your book beginning on page 717 and begin reading to find the answers
• 1. What were the four factors that contributed to Britain’s Industrialization?
• 2. How did the rising population benefit the Industrial Revolution?
• 3. What American invention aided in the textile industry?
The Industrial Revolution
Chapter 25
Section 1-The Beginnings of Industrialization
Industrial Revolution Begins in Britain
• The Industrial Revolution-– The increased output of
machine-made goods beginning in England in the mid 1700’s
• Enclosures- – Large fenced in fields in which
landowners experimented with productive seeding and harvesting methods to boost crop harvests
Industrial Revolution Begins in Britain
• Seed Drill-– Invented by Jethro Tull in 1701 that
allowed farmers to plant seeds in well-spaced rows at specific depths.
• Crop Rotation-– Designed to rotate crops that drained
nutrients from the soil (ex. Wheat) with crops that replenish them (ex. Turnips)
Industrial Revolution Begins in Britain
• Industrialization- The process of developing the machine production of goods through the use of natural resources.– Natural Resources used for
Industrialization• Water and coal power
• Iron Ore to construct tools, machines and buildings
• Rivers for inland transportation
• Harbors for the ships to set sail
Industrial Revolution Begins in Britain
• Factors of Production-The resources needed to produce goods and services that the Industrial Revolution required.– Ex. Land, labor and
capital (a.k.a wealth)
Improvements in Transportation
• Entrepreneur-Someone who organizes, manages, and takes on the risks of a business.
• The steam engine was modified by James Watt for increased efficiency.– Ex. Robert Fulton's Clermont was
a steam ship that ferried passengers up and down the Hudson River
The Railway Age Begins
• The steam powered railroad locomotive was the driving force behind English industry after 1820
• Steam-Driven Locomotives-– 1804 Richard Trevithick won several
thousand dollars on a bet that he could haul 10 tons of iron ore nearly 10 miles with a steam engine
The Railway Age Begins
• The Liverpool-Manchester Railroad-– English entrepreneurs wanted a
rail line to connect the cities of Liverpool and Manchester.
– A contest was held to see which train would run on the line• George Stephenson’s Rocket won
by hauling 13 tons at nearly 24 miles per hour
The Railway Age Begins
• Railroads Revolutionize Life in Britain-– The Four Major Effects of the Locomotive-
• Materials and finished products were cheap to transport
• The new rail lines created thousands of new jobs
• Agricultural and fishing industries saw a boost b/c of new transportation opportunities
• Travel became easier and people could now live farther from their jobs
Bell WorkThursday 4/10
Look in your book beginning on page 723
and begin reading to find the answers• 1. Why did people flock to cities and towns during the
Industrial Revolution?
• 2. What social class expanded as a result of industrialization?
• 3. What were some of the negative effects of the rapid growth of Manchester?
Section 2-Industrialization
Industrialization Changes Life
• Industrialization had positive and negative effects on the lives of Britain’s citizens – Positive Effects-• Most peoples quality of life improved
• There was a plentiful supply of jobs
– Negative Effects-• Change to machine production initially caused human
suffering
• Working conditions were often unhealthy
• Rising class tensions
Industrialization Changes Life
• Urbanization- The building of new cities and the movement of people to these cities – Between 1800 and
1850 the number of cities with more than 100,000 inhabitants grew from 22 to 47
Industrialization Changes Life
• Living Conditions-– Due to the rapid growth of English
cities they had several problems • No development plan
• No sanitary codes
• No building codes
– They also lacked adequate• Education
• Housing
• Police Protection
Industrialization Changes Life• Typical living conditions-– People lived in dark, dirty
houses, with one family in a room
– Diseases like cholera was common due to poor removal of excrement
– A British study estimated a life span of factory workers to be 17 years compared to 38 years for those living in rural areas
Industrialization Changes Life
• Working Conditions-– In order to be a productive as possible
companies often had their employees work 14 hour shifts, 6 days a week
– Other Issues-• Dark and dirty factories • Boilers might explode or limbs could get
caught in machines– No workman’s comp if you were injured on the job
• Mines were the most dangerous– Miners lived 10 years less than anyone else
Class Tensions Grow • Middle Class-A social class made up of
skilled workers, professionals, business people and wealthy farmers –Middle Class was neither rich nor poor
– Upper middle class was made up of:• Gov. employees, doctors, lawyers, and those who
managed mines, and shops
– Lower middle class was made up of:• Tool makers, mechanical drafters, and printers
Class Tensions Grow
• Working Class-– Between 1800 and 1850
workers saw little improvement in living and working conditions
• Angry that their livelihoods were disappearing due to labor saving machines they began to destroy them out of anger
Positive Effects of the Industrial Revolution
• Positive Effects of the Revolution-– Created new jobs
– Contributed to the wealth of the nation
– Technological progress was made through new inventions
– Production of consumer goods increased
– Standard of living was raised
Positive Effects of the Industrial Revolution
• Long Term Effects-– Consumer goods
considered luxuries 50-60 years ago are now affordable for everyone
– Profits from industrialization creates tax revenue • These funds allow
government to raise the standard of living for city dwellers
Bell WorkTuesday 4/14
Look in your book beginning on page 729 and begin reading to find the answers
• 1. What early industries mechanized in the United States?
• 2. Why did Belgium lead Europe in Industrializing?
• 3. How did the Industrial Revolution shift the balance of power in the world?
Section 3-Industrialization Spreads
Industrial Development in the United States
• During the War of 1812 the British blockade forced the U.S. to develop their own industry
• Luckily the U.S. had the same resources that allowed Britain to industrialize – Fast flowing rivers
– Deposits of coal and iron ore
– Supply of laborers
Industrial Development in the United States
• U.S. industrialization began in the textile industry – Britain wouldn’t let mechanics, tool makers, or
engineers leave the country
• 1813-Francis Cabot Lowell and four other investors opened up a factory that mechanized every stage of cloth manufacturing – Young women began to work in these factories
earning more money and finding independence
Industrial Development in the United States
• Later Industrial Expansion-– The U.S. largely agricultural
until after the Civil War ended in 1865
• Technological Boom-– Light bulb and the telephone
met the demands of a booming population
Industrial Development in the United States
The Rise of Corporations-
• Stock- Certain rights of ownership sold to help entrepreneurs open or expands their business
• Corporation-A business owned by stock holders who share in it’s profits but are not personally responsible for it’s debts
Continental Europe Industrializes
• European businessmen yearned to replicate the “British miracle” of rapidly manufacturing goods
• The Napoleonic Wars had halted trade, interrupted communication and caused inflation in Europe
• Continental Europe’s industrialization began in Belgium
Continental Europe Industrializes
• Germany Industrializes-– Germany was politically divided
– Economic isolation and scattered resources hampered industrialization
– Around 1835 Germany began to copy the Britain by importing British equipment and engineers• They also sent their kids to England
to learn industrial management
Impact of Industrialization
• The Rise of Global Inequality – Global trade was strengthened but
the gap between the industrialized and unindustrialized widened • This led to the increased colonization of
smaller countries for natural resources
– Due to imperialism European economies were based on industry while Asian and African economies were still based on agriculture
Bell WorkTuesday 4/15
Look in your book beginning on page 734 and begin reading to find the answers
• 1.What were Adam Smith’s three natural laws of economics?
• 2. What kind of society did early socialists want?
• 3. Why did workers join together to form unions?
Section 4-Reforming the Industrial World
The Philosophies of Industrialization
• Laissez-faire-An economic policy of letting owners of industry and business set working conditions with out (gov.) interference – French for “let people do as they please”
• Capitalism-An economic system where the factors of production are privately owned and money is invested to make a personal profit
The Philosophies of Industrialization
• Adam Smith-Professor at the University of Glasgow (Scotland) wrote the Wealth of Nations in 1776– His book defended the
idea of a free economy, saying “economic liberty guaranteed economic progress”
The Philosophies of Industrialization
• Adam Smith’s Three Natural Laws of Economics– The Law of Self-Interest
• People work for their own good
– The Law of Competition• Competition forces people to make a
better product
– The Law of Supply and Demand• Maximum amount of goods will be
produced at the lowest possible price to meet the needs of the people
The Rise of Socialism
• Utilitarianism-The theory that people should judge ideas, institutions, and actions on the basis of their utility and usefulness
• Socialism- An economic system where the factors of production are owned by the public and operate for the welfare of all
Marxism: Radical Socialism
• Marxism-Radical form of socialism introduced by Karl Marx in a 23 page packet called “The Communist Manifesto” – Felt the Industrial Revolution
enriched the wealthy and improvised the poor. • He felt the workers would overthrow the
owners
• Marx felt communism was the “complete form of socialism”
Labor Unions and Reform Law
• Unions- Voluntary labor associations in which workers joined together to press for reforms
• Strikes- A collective refusal to work– Workers will usually strike
until their demands for the improvement of working conditions or higher wages is met
Labor Unions and Reform Law
• Laws that Reformed Working Conditions in England – Factory Act of 1833
• Made it illegal to hire kids under 9 to work in the factory – Kids 9-12 couldn’t work more than 8 hours a day – Kids 13-17 couldn’t work more than 12 hours a day
– Mines Act 1842-• Women and children could no longer work underground
in the mines
– Ten Hours Act of 1847-• Limited the work day of women and children in factories
to 10 hours
The Reform Movement Spreads
• The Abolition of Slavery-– The British abolished slavery
in 1833
– The American’s abolished slavery 1865
– Puerto Rico abolished slavery 1873
– Brazil abolished slavery 1888