Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Bellringer• Have out your study guide for the midterm with 1-27
completed and the Latin America Map!• Using the map you completed for homework, answer
the following questions (you don’t have to write the questions down) on a piece of paper titled: “Bellringer, 1/4/11”▫Name 4 countries that are a part of “Latin America”.▫What European nation owns most of the land in Latin
America?▫What did Touissant L’Ouverture do for the people of
Haiti? (think back to your Napoleon notes)▫What events were going on around the world that might
influence revolutions in Latin America? (Hint: think about nationalism!)
• BJOTD: Why do bees have sticky hair?
Objectives• The Students will know:
▫The major figures and countries that achieved independence from Europe in Latin America
▫What Latin America is▫The colonial system implemented by the Europeans in
Latin America• The Students will understand:
▫The Enlightenment and other revolutions in France and America helped to stimulate revolutions in Latin America.
• The Students will be able to:▫Analyze a political cartoon▫Use a map to answer questions▫Review for their midterm exam
Colonial Authority and Latin American Revolutions
Winning Independence
•The American Revolution, French Revolution and Enlightenment ideas encouraged the people of Latin America to rise up against France, Spain, and Portugal.
•Nationalism is occurring▫Strong pride in their country▫Sick of being ruled by a foreign country
•Ocurred in the late 1700s-1800
Who were they trying to get freedom from and why?• Wanted independence from the colonial powers• The colonial powers (Spain, Portugal, and
France) were treating the Latin American people very poorly
• Colonial governments mirrored their home movements ▫Europeans on top, natives (Latin Americans) at
the bottom of the system▫Catholicism was forced upon the natives▫Europeans used the natives in slave-like roles to
mine precious metals (silver)
•Europeans used the major Latin American cities as outposts of colonial authority. ▫Cities: Havana, Mexico City, Lima, Sao
Paulo, Buenos Aires ▫Conquistadors were made into viceroys or
colonial officers who controlled the cities and treated the natives very poorly
Latin American Society• 1st- Peninsulars – men born in
Spain (.1%)• 2nd- Creoles- Spaniards born in
Latin America(22.8%)• 3rd- Mestizos- European and Indian
descent (7.3%)• 4th- Mulattos- European and African
descent (7.8%)• 5th- Indians- (55.8%)• Mestizos, Mulattos and Indians were
always discriminated against• Creoles (native-borns) were
educated and traveled to Spain often. They did not believe they were getting the same rights as Spaniards. They followed Enlightenment ideas
Peninsulars
Creoles
Mestizos
Mulattos
Indians
Processing
•What factors of life in the colonies could lead to revolutions? (Name Two)
•What outside factors led to
revolutions in the Latin American colonies?
The Major Rebellions
•Haiti:▫Saint Domingue (Haiti)was a French
Colony ▫Toussaint L’Ouverture and 10, 000 slaves
rose up and freed slaves throughout the colony Defeated troops from Great Britain, France, and
Spain▫On January 1, 1804 Haiti was declared an
independent colony
The Liberators End Spanish Rule• Simon Bolivar and Jose San Martin were two
brilliant generals who were native to Latin America
• Simon Bolivar declared Venezuela independent from Spain in 1811, but fought for its freedom and the freedom of Columbia until 1821.
• Jose de San Martin worked to free Argentina, Chile, and Peru. ▫ He and Bolivar met in 1822, and they
combined their armies to defeat the Spanish• Bolivar used the combined army to defeat the
Spanish completely at the Battle of Ayacucho in 1824
• Simón José Antonio de la Santísima Trinidad Bolívar Palacios y Blanco de Rodríguez
Mexico Ends Spanish Rule•Started with Father Midel Hidalgo, a
believer in the Enlightenment•Hidalgo led an army of 60,000 Indian and
Mestizo followers against the Spanish▫He died in 1811, but his work was
carried on by others•1821- the Central American states
declared independence
Brazil Freed from Portugal• Portugal’s royal family fled to Brazil
to escape Napoleon during the Peninsular War
• When Portugal’s monarchy was restored in Europe, the creoles asked Dom Pedro (the son of the King of Portugal) to rule Brazil independently from Portugal
• On September 7, 1822 Dom Pedro declared Brazil independent. It was the only bloodless revolution in Latin America.
What was the U.S. Doing?
• President Monroe wrote a declaration called The Monroe Doctrine in 1823. ▫Latin American nations were
acknowledged to be independent. ▫The United States would regard as a
threat to their own peace and safety any attempt by European powers to take over any independent state in the Western Hemisphere Result: Europeans stay away from the
Americas
