Bellringer April 8, 2011

Take out your homework and put it in the correct place on the counter

Take out your Chapter 8 Notes Guide

Put your materials in/under your desk

Chapter 8, Section 4: The early empire

Objectives

Today you are learning:

• How by expanding the empire and reorganizing the military and government, Augustus created a new era of prosperity

• How advancements in Rome made the empire rich and prosperous

The Emperor Augustus*Pax Romana – a

long era of peace that began with Augustus and lasted until A. D. 180

*“Roman Peace”

What did Augustus achieve? *Permanent,

professional army of about 150,000 men to provide security.

*Praetorian Guard – special unit of about 9,000 men in charge of guarding the emperor.

What did Augustus achieve? *Rebuilt Rome –

with stately palaces, fountains, and public buildings

*Imported grain from Africa to feed the poor

What did Augustus achieve? *Proconsul – governor

to rule a province of Rome *Replaced the politicians

appointed by the Senate*Tax reform – stopped

corruption of dishonest tax collectors by making tax collectors permanent gov’t workers

*Legal system – created laws for noncitizens in provinces

Who came after Augustus? *Tiberius – trained relative

of Augustus *Great military leader *Regulated business to prevent

fraud *Kept economy stable

*Caligula – Mental illness caused him to act strangely/treat people cruelly *Abolished sales tax *Allowed those in exile to

return Increase court system’s power *Wasted $ *Gave horse position of consul

Who came after Augustus?*Nero – vicious man

*Had mother/2 wives killed

Constructed building *Gave rights to slaves *Assisted cities

suffering from disaster

Unity and prosperity*Vaspasian –

general, one of Nero’s proconsuls. Restored order/peace

*Colosseum – a huge amphitheater in the center of Rome

Unity and prosperity*Titus – son of

Vespasian. *Defeated

Jews/destroyed Jewish temple in A.D. 70

*Mt. Vesuvius erupted –Pompeii destroyed

*Great fire damaged Rome

*Domitian – son of Vespasian, ruled with his brother

Both oversaw an era of growth and prosperity

PompeiiMount Vesuvius Erupted 79 CE

“bench” judge ruled from

Different colors on the columns in dif. Positions identified what businesses were located where

Chariot wheel grooves

Mount_Vesuvius_and_Pompeii.asf

The “Good Emperors”*The 5 “good emperors”

–Nerva, Trajan, Hadrian, Antoninus Pius, and Marcus Aurelius

*(like a Golden Age) – Agriculture flourished, trade increased, standard of living rose Did not abuse their power Among the most devoted &

capable rulers

*Trajan – gave $ to help poor parents raise and educate children

The “Good Emperors”*Hadrian –made

Roman law easier to understand and apply

*Antoninus Pius – passed laws to help orphans

*Aqueduct – human-made channel for carrying water long distances

Unified Empire*Trajan – empire reached

its largest size under him*Hadrian- realized the

empire had grown too big to rule effectively Pulled troops from

Mesopotamia Set northern boundaries at

the Rhine and Danube Rivers

Built wall across northern Britain to keep out enemies

*A.D. 212 – every free person made a Roman citizen

Booming Empire*Agriculture – most

important part of the economy

*Industry – potters, weavers, and jewelers produced goods Cities became centers for

making glass, bronze, and brass

*Puteoli and Ostia – Two largest port cities *Puteoli – on the Bay of

Naples *Ostia – at the mouth of the

Tiber River

Roads and money*Roads – 50,000 miles in

length

*Roman navy – helped rid the Mediterranean of pirates

*Currency – system of money

*Improvements in trade –created a standard system of weights and measures to ease pricing goods/shipping products