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BELLWORK – 5/21. What is containment?
2. Describe the Cold War Arms Race.
3. How did the Arms Race end?
4. What is Sputnik? Why is it important?
5. List one achievement made by the U.S. and Soviet Union during the Space Race.
6. In your opinion, who do you think won the Space Race?
7. THINKER: Look at the nuclear battlefield map on pg. 661. What was the purpose of the DEW Line? Why do you think they built it in Northern Canada?
BELLWORK – 5/41. Who were the Kuomintang?2. Why was the Kuomintang unpopular?3. Who was Mao Zedong? Why did people support
him?4. What was the Long March?5. What was the outcome of the Chinese Communist
Revolution?6. THINKER: As you know, containment (stopping the
spread of communism) is one of America’s main priorities during the Cold War. Which area should the U.S. focus on “containing” first? Eastern Europe, (Poland/Czech), the Caribbean (Cuba) or Southeast Asia (China/Vietnam). Why is communism the most dangerous in this area? Explain your answer!
Bin Laden’s Death• Founder and leader of al Qaeda who orchestrated the
September 11th attacks; killing about 3,000 people. • Monday morning Bin Laden was found by American troops in
Pakistan.• 30 miles north of Pakistani capital, Islamabad.• His killing was the culmination of years of intelligence work and
following leads• The key break involved one of the few couriers trusted by bin
Laden. About two years ago, intelligence work identified where the courier and his brother lived and operated in Pakistan
• CIA determined in January that bin Laden was at this same location.
• Operation organized by the U.S. government was meant to kill him; did not want him alive.
• President Obama authorized the operation on Friday April 29th. • Bin Laden’s body was later buried at sea, per Muslim tradition. • http://www.cnn.com/2011/WORLD/asiapcf/05/02/
bin.laden.dead/index.html?hpt=T1
Cold War Conflicts• What is a Cold War?• As you know, the Soviet Union and United States
never met in armed conflict during the Cold War.• Instead, they used other countries to fight the
communism vs. democracy battle.• China, Cuba, Vietnam & Korea • These four countries were central to Cold War
conflicts.• Soviet Union wanted to establish communism, and
America wanted to stop it from spreading.• This caused both superpowers to send aide/troops to
the unstable countries.
Cold War Conflict: China• Background:
• Kuomintang– Anti-Communist– Started by Sun Yat-Sen– Under revolution, led by Chiang Kai-Sheik– Imposed heavy taxes; not supported by poor
• Chinese Communist Party– Led by Mao Zedong– Heavily supported peasants & lower classes– Created Red Army
Kuomintang Party
Sun Yat- SenChiang Kai- Shek
Chinese Communist Party
Mao Zedong
• Chiang started a purge of communist government officials
• Killed 2,000 men
• As a response, Zedong started the Red Army to support peasants and fight against the Kuomintang.
• The peasants and lower classes joined to show their support for Zedong.
Start of Revolution
The Chinese Red Army
The enemy advances, we retreat.
The enemy camps, we harass.
The enemy tires, we attack.
The enemy retreats, we pursue.
Put back all doors when you leave a house.
Rice-stalk mattresses must all be bundled up again and returned.
Be polite. Help people when you can.
Give back everything you borrow, even if its only a needle.
Pay for all things broken, even if only a chopstick.
Don’t help yourself or search for things when people are not in their homes.
Six Principles of the Red ArmyMao Zedong’s Tactics
The Long March• In 1933 the Kuomintang
launched an attack & blockade on the communists that were in Jiangxi.
• Within a year, the Red Army had lost 50% of their territory and 60,000 soldiers.
• In 1934, Zedong started The Long March which was a retreat to another communist city, Ya’nan.
• The March allowed the Red Army to retreat and wear down Kuomintang troops.
• Only 10% survived the year long March, but communism prevailed!
Cold War Support
• America supported the Kuomintang because they were more accepting of democracy.
• Soviets supported Zedong and his quest to establish communism.
• After China falls to communism, they aide other countries in establishing communist governments (North Korea, North Vietnam)
Outcome
• The Kuomintang was weak with corruption and unpopularity.
• Chiang Kai-Sheik fled to Taiwan.
• Mao Zedong won the Chinese Revolution.
• Established the Republic of China under his control.
• China is officially communist.
Cold War Conflicts• In groups of 3, each member will read about
one Cold War conflict.
• China, Cuba, Korea, Vietnam
• As you read, you will independently fill in your section of the graphic organizer.
• Once everyone in your group is finished, you will teach the other members about your conflict
• As you share the information, you will complete the rest of the graphic organizer.
• Be ready to discuss with the class!
Cold War Conflicts• Cuba: 580-582• Korea: 682-684• Vietnam: 685-688
Cold War Conflict: Cuba
• Background:
• Fulgencio Batista became the dictator of Cuba in 1952
• Batista became increasingly unpopular– Poverty– Allowed U.S. to control
mines, oil & sugar industry
Communist Revolution• In 1956, Fidel Castro led a
guerrilla movement attacking Batista’s forces
• Fought with communist supporters and guerrillas from Mexico– Che Guevara
• January 1, 1959 – Batista fled Cuba, leaving Castro to take over.
• Cuba does not declare itself communist until 2 years later.
Cold War Support• When Castro came to power, he took control of
all businesses, including foreign businesses (U.S.)
• America refused to acknowledge Castro as the leader of Cuba– Caused Cuba to declare themselves communist
• Cuba looked towards the Soviet Union for support.
• Castro and Khrushchev worked closely together throughout the rest of the Cold War.
Relations with the United States• At this point, neither the U.S. nor Cuba is cooperative
with one another.• Bay of Pigs Invasion: CIA & La Brigada try to
overthrow Castro with approval from U.S. President Kennedy.
• The plan was a failure!– Castro captures hundreds of La Brigada– The airstrike is cancelled by President Kennedy
• Castro and U.S. cut off all ties– No trade, travel, business
• Cuba is now a communist dictatorship under the control of Fidel Castro
Cold War Conflict: Korea• Background:• After WWII, Korea was divided along the 38th
parallel • These divisions were temporary, because
elections were scheduled for 1950• When it was time for elections, the two sides
supported different leaders so it remained divided.
• North Korea: communist, led by Kim Il Sung• South Korea: democracy, led by Kim Young
Sam
Beginning of Korean War• In June 1950, North Korea
invaded the South hoping to unify the country under communism.
• Inchon Invasion: UN sends in troops to help the South and pushes them back to the Chinese border.
• China sends in troops to help the North and pushes them back to the 38th parallel.
• The war remains a stalemate
Cold War Support
• North Korea is aided by the Soviet Union and China (Communism!)
• South Korea is aided by the United States and UN (Democracy!)
• General Douglas MacArthur is in control of U.S. forces.
End of Korean War
• In 1953, an armistice was signed which ended the Korean War.
• Korea remained divided
Aftermath of Korean War
• There were four million total deaths.
• 33,600 Americans
• 16,000 UN
• 415,000 South Koreans
• 520,000 North Koreans
• 900,000 Chinese
• Half of Korea’s industry & 1/3 of homes were destroyed.
Cold War Conflict: Vietnam
• Background:• In 1884, France colonized
Vietnam.• IN 1954, Vietnam won their
independence from France (supported by U.S.)
• Geneva Accords: 1954 agreement that divided Vietnam at the 17th parallel.
• Division was temporary and elections were scheduled for 1956.
Beginning of Vietnam War• In 1956, the South
refused to allow elections, so Vietnam remained divided.
• North: communist, lead by Ho Chi Minh
• South: democratic, lead by Ngo Diem
• Viet Cong: Guerillas in the South that supported the communist North and Ho Chi Minh.
The Domino Theory• The Domino Theory: the fear that if one
Southeast Asian nation fell to Communism, the others would also fall.
• I.E: If Vietnam fell to Communism, because of its location, Cambodia, Laos, Burma and Thailand would also be in danger.
U.S. Involvement• In August 1964, North Vietnamese torpedo
boats attacked U.S. destroyers in the Gulf of Tonkin.
• Due to the attack, Congress passed the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution which authorized Johnson to take military action in Vietnam.
• Once in Vietnam, the U.S. supported the assassination of Diem – Very unpopular in South Vietnam due to harsh
religious policies and corruption.– Diem’s successors were also unpopular
Cold War Support
• North: Viet Cong, China (money, weapons & troops), Soviet Union (aide)
• South: United States
• Not supported by American citizens!
Vietcong Underground
Tunnels
Conditions in Vietnam War
Guerilla Warfare
Agent Orange
End of Vietnam War• Tet Offensive: attack on South Vietnam, lead
by the Viet Cong.
• War was very costly for both sides, and neither was advancing.
• In 1973, an armistice was signed and the U.S. pulled out of Vietnam
• In 1975, the North broke the peace agreement and invaded the South.
• They won and unified Vietnam under communism.
CLOSURE• With a partner, come up with similarities
between all the Cold War Conflicts:
• China
• Cuba
• Korea
• Vietnam
• Be ready to discuss!
