Bellwork Biology/Life Sciences

AuthorLaura Rivard, Ph.D.

Editorial Consultants:Michelle N. BarnettErica Kaiser

Illustrators:José L. de la RosaCarrie HerschBrenda Morales

Copyright © 2007 Bellwork Enterprises, Inc.

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, withoutprior permission in writing from the publisher. The reproduction of any part for an individual, classroom,school, or school system is strictly prohibited.

Bellwork is a registered trademark of Bellwork Enterprises, Inc.

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Printed in the U.S.A. (10/07)ISBN 978-1-932469-78-3

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Biology/Life Sciences© BELLWORK Enterprises – DO NOT DUPLICATE

The cells of ___________ have a nucleus and

other membrane-bound organelles.

A all prokaryotesB some prokaryotesC all eukaryotesD some eukaryotes

During photosynthesis, plants convert carbon

dioxide and the energy from sunlight into —

F chlorophyll.G heat energy.H lipids.J sugar.

A(n) _______________ catalyzes a specific

biochemical reaction.

A enzymeB muscle fiberC molecule of glucoseD chloroplast

The relationship between the cell and its

plasma membrane is similar to the relationship

between the human body and its —

F nervous system.G skin.H digestive system.J skeleton.

Look at the chart below. Then answer the questions on the next page.

Biology/Life Sciences 40 © BELLWORK Enterprises – DO NOT DUPLICATE

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Box #1

A adenine, guanine, cytosine, uracilB adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymineC adenine, guanine, uracil, thymineD proline, cysteine, lysine, arginine

Box #2

F double-stranded linear chainG single-stranded linear chainH double-stranded helixJ single-stranded helix

Box #3

A glucoseB deoxyglucoseC riboseD deoxyribose

Box #4

F cytoplasm onlyG nucleus onlyH nucleus and plasma membraneJ mitochondria only

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Complete the chart.

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Hormones released by the endocrine system —

A travel along defined pathways, much likethe electrical signals in the nervoussystem.

B are secreted into the bloodstream butreach only one target cell type.

C are secreted into the bloodstream andreach many cell types.

The brief pulse of electrical current that is

initiated when a neuron is stimulated by the

environment or another neuron is known as

a(n) —

F resting potential.G action potential.H synapse.J neurotransmitter.

_________ connect and transmit signals

between other neurons.

A Motor neuronsB InterneuronsC Sensory neuronsD Myofibrils

_________ is an example of a nonspecific

defense against disease.

F A lymph nodeG An antibodyH An antigenJ The skin

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White blood cells, the thymus, the spleen, and

lymph nodes are all part of —

A the nervous system.B the immune system.C the circulatory system.D the excretory system.

A chemical used by a neuron to conduct nerve

impulses across a synapse is called —

F an action potential.G an enzyme.H a neurotransmitter.J hemoglobin.

The nervous and endocrine systems use

____________ to regulate conditions in the

body.

A environmental stimuliB the Krebs cycleC reflex arcsD feedback loops

The peripheral nervous system is composed

of ________ and _________ divisions.

F brain, spinal cordG neural, glialH voluntary, reflexJ sensory, motor

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Natural selection acts on physical variations

in individuals. These variations are the

result of —

A genetic diversity.B environmental conditions.C acquired physical changes.D competition for limited resources.

A new mutation that arises in a gene pool —

F can have no affect on fitness.G can decrease fitness.H can increase fitness.J all of the above

Natural variation within a population

produces individuals —

A that are phenotypically identical.B that are genetically identical.C that are not subject to natural selection.D with unique advantages and

disadvantages.

When genetic drift affects a population —

F the least fit individuals are removed.G the most fit individuals are removed.H the individuals that cannot reproduce

are removed.J a random group of individuals is

removed.

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Antibiotics are effective for treating —

A viral infections.B bacterial infections.C bacterial and viral infections.D all pathogens that cause an infection.

How does a neuron transmit an impulse to

another neuron?

F The neuron releases a neurotransmitterinto a synaptic cleft separating the twoneurons.

G An action potential travels across thesynapse from one neuron to the next.

H Neurons are physically connected, so theaction potential can continue down thenext neuron.

Which division of the nervous system is

responsible for processing and responding to

messages about the external environment and

the body?

A the peripheral nervous systemB the somatic nervous systemC the central nervous systemD the autonomic nervous system

Feedback loops _________ the systems they

regulate.

F always inhibitG always stimulateH may inhibit or stimulateJ strengthen

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The Krebs cycle, electron transport, and

glycolysis are all part of aerobic cellular

respiration. Which of the following has

these processes in the correct order?

A electron transport---Krebs cycle---glycolysis

B glycolysis---Krebs cycle---electrontransport

C Krebs cycle---glycolysis---electrontransport

Enzymes ________ the activation energy of a

reaction.

F raiseG lowerH generateJ consume

When a substance diffuses across a cell

membrane, —

A it moves to an area with the sameconcentration of substance.

B it moves up the concentration gradient(low to high).

C it moves down the concentration gradient(high to low).

D it forms a concentration gradient withinthe cell membrane.

Which of the following is NOT a step in

photosynthesis?

F electron transportG CO2 productionH light absorptionJ sugar synthesis

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A human egg always contains —

A one X chromosome.B one Y chromosome.C two X chromosomes.D an X and Y chromosome.

Which of the following is a characteristic of

meiosis, but NOT mitosis?

F the production of daughter cellsG the production of genetic variationH cell divisionJ the presence of homologous chromosomes

Duplications, inversions, and translocations

are examples of —

A frameshift mutations.B chromosomal mutations.C point mutations.D amino acid mutations.

Which of the following statements is correct

regarding gene expression in a multicellular

organism?

F All genes are expressed by all cells.G Any given gene is only expressed by

one specific cell type.H Every cell expresses a different gene.J Different cell types express a different

assortment of genes.

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Two proteins CANNOT differ in —

A amino acid sequence.B the basic building blocks used during

translation of the proteins (the 20 aminoacids).

C the number of different polypeptide chainsthat group to form the mature proteins.

D the way the polypeptide chains fold toform the mature protein.

Red-green color blindness is an X-linked

recessive trait. A color-blind woman and a man

with normal color vision have a child. Which

phenotypes are expected in their offspring?

F color-blind males and femalesG normal vision males and femalesH color-blind males and normal vision

females

An individual has the genotype AaBbCc.

Which of the following best describes how

the A, B, and C genes will segregate from

each other?

A The dominant alleles will alwayssegregate into the same gamete.

B The alleles will segregate randomly intogametes.

C both A and B

If all the cells in a multicellular organism

express the same genes, —

F the cells can become specialized andperform different functions.

G the cells cannot become specialized andwill be the same.

H the cells will adapt to perform specificfunctions without altering their DNA.

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Bellwork Biology/Life Sciences