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Bellwork Review packet pgs 51-53 Reading quiz coming up You may use reading notes on the quiz I will take questions on the reading in a few minutes

Bellwork · Imperialism –establishing control over foreign lands After the Punic Wars, Greece and surrounding areas became Roman provinces Continued struggle between Plebeians and

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Page 1: Bellwork · Imperialism –establishing control over foreign lands After the Punic Wars, Greece and surrounding areas became Roman provinces Continued struggle between Plebeians and

Bellwork

▪ Review packet pgs 51-53

▪ Reading quiz coming up

▪ You may use reading notes on the quiz

▪ I will take questions on the reading in a few minutes

Page 2: Bellwork · Imperialism –establishing control over foreign lands After the Punic Wars, Greece and surrounding areas became Roman provinces Continued struggle between Plebeians and

The Geography of Rome

▪ Center of Italy and the Mediterranean

▪ Fertile Land

▪ Easy Travel

▪ Few Natural Resources

Page 3: Bellwork · Imperialism –establishing control over foreign lands After the Punic Wars, Greece and surrounding areas became Roman provinces Continued struggle between Plebeians and

Early People of Italy – The Etruscans-

▪ Established independent city-states

▪ Farmers

▪ Strong Military

▪ Influenced Roman language, religion, and values

▪ The Kingdom of Rome was taken over by the Etruscans –corruption led to their overthrow

Page 4: Bellwork · Imperialism –establishing control over foreign lands After the Punic Wars, Greece and surrounding areas became Roman provinces Continued struggle between Plebeians and

The Roman Republic

▪ Republic – government system in which representatives are elected by citizens

▪ 2 Groups of Romans–Plebeians – farmers, merchants, artisans–Patricians – wealthy landowners* Constant power struggle between groups*

Page 5: Bellwork · Imperialism –establishing control over foreign lands After the Punic Wars, Greece and surrounding areas became Roman provinces Continued struggle between Plebeians and

The Government

▪ Senate – legislative body, 300 members (patricians)

▪ 2 Consuls –Supervise government and command

armies–1 year termsDictator – ruler with complete control (only

used during emergencies and for 6 months)

Page 6: Bellwork · Imperialism –establishing control over foreign lands After the Punic Wars, Greece and surrounding areas became Roman provinces Continued struggle between Plebeians and

Rome Expands

▪ Initially for security

▪ Legion – Group of 5000 foot soldiers

▪ Leniency shown to the conquered– Recognize Roman authority, pay

taxes

– Keep local customs and government

– Citizenship

Page 7: Bellwork · Imperialism –establishing control over foreign lands After the Punic Wars, Greece and surrounding areas became Roman provinces Continued struggle between Plebeians and

Plebeians vs. Patricians

▪ The plebeians resented their lack of power in the new republic – Why?

▪ In 494 B.C. many plebeians refused to fight in the Roman army unless the patricians yielded to their demands for change.

▪ Why would the Patricians make concessions to the plebeians?

▪ Tribunes – representatives of plebeians, have veto power

Page 8: Bellwork · Imperialism –establishing control over foreign lands After the Punic Wars, Greece and surrounding areas became Roman provinces Continued struggle between Plebeians and

The Twelve Tables

▪ Roman Law Code

▪ Engraved on 12 tablets and put on public display – What is symbolic significance?

Page 9: Bellwork · Imperialism –establishing control over foreign lands After the Punic Wars, Greece and surrounding areas became Roman provinces Continued struggle between Plebeians and

The Punic Wars and The Roman Empire

Page 10: Bellwork · Imperialism –establishing control over foreign lands After the Punic Wars, Greece and surrounding areas became Roman provinces Continued struggle between Plebeians and
Page 11: Bellwork · Imperialism –establishing control over foreign lands After the Punic Wars, Greece and surrounding areas became Roman provinces Continued struggle between Plebeians and

The Punic Wars

▪ Series of wars between Rome and Carthage (264 BC – 146 BC)

▪ Fought over control of the Mediterranean

Page 12: Bellwork · Imperialism –establishing control over foreign lands After the Punic Wars, Greece and surrounding areas became Roman provinces Continued struggle between Plebeians and
Page 13: Bellwork · Imperialism –establishing control over foreign lands After the Punic Wars, Greece and surrounding areas became Roman provinces Continued struggle between Plebeians and

2nd Punic War

▪ Carthaginian leader Hannibal moves his army through Spain and France, then invades Italy

▪ Hannibal’s army destroys the Roman countryside for 15 years

Page 14: Bellwork · Imperialism –establishing control over foreign lands After the Punic Wars, Greece and surrounding areas became Roman provinces Continued struggle between Plebeians and

3rd Punic War(149-146 B.C.)

▪ Rome invades and destroys Carthage, now has complete control of the Mediterranean

Page 15: Bellwork · Imperialism –establishing control over foreign lands After the Punic Wars, Greece and surrounding areas became Roman provinces Continued struggle between Plebeians and
Page 16: Bellwork · Imperialism –establishing control over foreign lands After the Punic Wars, Greece and surrounding areas became Roman provinces Continued struggle between Plebeians and
Page 17: Bellwork · Imperialism –establishing control over foreign lands After the Punic Wars, Greece and surrounding areas became Roman provinces Continued struggle between Plebeians and
Page 18: Bellwork · Imperialism –establishing control over foreign lands After the Punic Wars, Greece and surrounding areas became Roman provinces Continued struggle between Plebeians and

Imperial Rome

▪ Imperialism – establishing control over foreign lands

▪ After the Punic Wars, Greece and surrounding areas became Roman provinces

▪ Continued struggle between Plebeians and Patricians weakened Rome and a series of civil wars broke out

Page 19: Bellwork · Imperialism –establishing control over foreign lands After the Punic Wars, Greece and surrounding areas became Roman provinces Continued struggle between Plebeians and

Imperial Rome

▪ After the Punic Wars, Greece and surrounding areas became Roman provinces

▪ Continued struggle between Plebeians and Patricians weakened Rome and a series of civil wars broke out

▪ Generals gained political power

Page 20: Bellwork · Imperialism –establishing control over foreign lands After the Punic Wars, Greece and surrounding areas became Roman provinces Continued struggle between Plebeians and

The End of the Roman Republic

Page 21: Bellwork · Imperialism –establishing control over foreign lands After the Punic Wars, Greece and surrounding areas became Roman provinces Continued struggle between Plebeians and

First Triumvirate

▪ Caesar Pompey CrassusGreat General Great General Not a great general – very rich

Page 22: Bellwork · Imperialism –establishing control over foreign lands After the Punic Wars, Greece and surrounding areas became Roman provinces Continued struggle between Plebeians and

First Triumvirate 60 BC – 53 BC

▪ 54 BC – Julia (Caesar’s Daughter and Pompey’s wife dies)

▪ Crassus – Killed – Details not pretty

▪ Caesar and Pompey = Civil War

▪ Pompey Killed (details also not pretty) -- Caesar Wins

▪ 44 BC – Caesar named dictator for life – then assassinated

Page 23: Bellwork · Imperialism –establishing control over foreign lands After the Punic Wars, Greece and surrounding areas became Roman provinces Continued struggle between Plebeians and

Julius Caesar

▪ Successful General who waged a war against another general, Pompey

▪ Caesar is victorious, named dictator for 10 years, then for life

▪ Assassinated in 44 B.C. – 15 year civil war erupts

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Page 25: Bellwork · Imperialism –establishing control over foreign lands After the Punic Wars, Greece and surrounding areas became Roman provinces Continued struggle between Plebeians and

2nd Triumvirate

Octavian Mark Antony Lepidus

Caesar’s adopted son Caesar’s Chief Aid, Friend, Who Cares

and General

Page 26: Bellwork · Imperialism –establishing control over foreign lands After the Punic Wars, Greece and surrounding areas became Roman provinces Continued struggle between Plebeians and

The Pax Romana

▪ Octavian=Augustus

▪ Reformed and stabilized the government

▪ Civil service, public works projects

▪ Pax Romana – 200 years of Roman peace

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Page 28: Bellwork · Imperialism –establishing control over foreign lands After the Punic Wars, Greece and surrounding areas became Roman provinces Continued struggle between Plebeians and

The Roman Emperors

▪ No set method of replacing the Emperor

▪ Why could this cause a problem???

▪ That brings us to the Julio-Claudians!

Page 29: Bellwork · Imperialism –establishing control over foreign lands After the Punic Wars, Greece and surrounding areas became Roman provinces Continued struggle between Plebeians and

Tiberius

▪ Paranoid

▪ Many executions during his rule

Page 30: Bellwork · Imperialism –establishing control over foreign lands After the Punic Wars, Greece and surrounding areas became Roman provinces Continued struggle between Plebeians and

Caligula

▪ 24 years old at time of rule

▪ Insane

▪ Ordered his troops to gather sea shells at the English Channel

▪ Thought he was a god

▪ Do not make bald jokes or speak of goats around Caligula

▪ Assassinated after 5 years of rule

Page 31: Bellwork · Imperialism –establishing control over foreign lands After the Punic Wars, Greece and surrounding areas became Roman provinces Continued struggle between Plebeians and

Claudius

▪ Uncle of Caligula

▪ Found hiding behind a curtain after Caligula’s assassination

▪ Many physical difficulties

▪ Successful emperor

▪ Probably poisoned by his wife

Page 32: Bellwork · Imperialism –establishing control over foreign lands After the Punic Wars, Greece and surrounding areas became Roman provinces Continued struggle between Plebeians and

Nero

▪ Mom probably killed Claudius when Nero was 17

▪ First few years of reign were good (he wasn’t actually ruling)

▪ Either insane or just really mean.

▪ Assassinated his mother, and later his wife

▪ Many executions

▪ Persecuted Christians

▪ Commits suicide after a revolt “What an artist dies with me!”

▪ Civil war after his death

Page 33: Bellwork · Imperialism –establishing control over foreign lands After the Punic Wars, Greece and surrounding areas became Roman provinces Continued struggle between Plebeians and
Page 34: Bellwork · Imperialism –establishing control over foreign lands After the Punic Wars, Greece and surrounding areas became Roman provinces Continued struggle between Plebeians and

The Five Good Emperors

▪ Series of emperors who wisely selected their successors

Page 35: Bellwork · Imperialism –establishing control over foreign lands After the Punic Wars, Greece and surrounding areas became Roman provinces Continued struggle between Plebeians and

Nerva

▪ Old, with no sons, serves 2 years and dies naturally

Page 36: Bellwork · Imperialism –establishing control over foreign lands After the Punic Wars, Greece and surrounding areas became Roman provinces Continued struggle between Plebeians and

Trajan

▪ Builder, conqueror, outlawed Christianity

Page 37: Bellwork · Imperialism –establishing control over foreign lands After the Punic Wars, Greece and surrounding areas became Roman provinces Continued struggle between Plebeians and
Page 38: Bellwork · Imperialism –establishing control over foreign lands After the Punic Wars, Greece and surrounding areas became Roman provinces Continued struggle between Plebeians and

Hadrian

▪ Gave up some conquered land, built a wall across Britain

Page 39: Bellwork · Imperialism –establishing control over foreign lands After the Punic Wars, Greece and surrounding areas became Roman provinces Continued struggle between Plebeians and

Built around A.D 122

Page 40: Bellwork · Imperialism –establishing control over foreign lands After the Punic Wars, Greece and surrounding areas became Roman provinces Continued struggle between Plebeians and

Built around A.D 122

Page 41: Bellwork · Imperialism –establishing control over foreign lands After the Punic Wars, Greece and surrounding areas became Roman provinces Continued struggle between Plebeians and
Page 42: Bellwork · Imperialism –establishing control over foreign lands After the Punic Wars, Greece and surrounding areas became Roman provinces Continued struggle between Plebeians and

Antoninus Pius

▪ Peaceful, boring period

Page 43: Bellwork · Imperialism –establishing control over foreign lands After the Punic Wars, Greece and surrounding areas became Roman provinces Continued struggle between Plebeians and

Marcus Aurelius

▪ Philosopher, Successful war, plague

Page 44: Bellwork · Imperialism –establishing control over foreign lands After the Punic Wars, Greece and surrounding areas became Roman provinces Continued struggle between Plebeians and

Marcus Aurelius

▪ Philosopher, Successful war, plague

▪ Son, Commodus becomes emperor

Page 45: Bellwork · Imperialism –establishing control over foreign lands After the Punic Wars, Greece and surrounding areas became Roman provinces Continued struggle between Plebeians and

Commodus

▪ Son of Marcus Aurelius

▪ Often dressed like Hercules

▪ Sometimes fought as a gladiator

▪ Assassinated by a former wrestler while he was bathing

Page 46: Bellwork · Imperialism –establishing control over foreign lands After the Punic Wars, Greece and surrounding areas became Roman provinces Continued struggle between Plebeians and

??????

▪ With all these problems, how does the Empire survive for another 300 years?

Page 47: Bellwork · Imperialism –establishing control over foreign lands After the Punic Wars, Greece and surrounding areas became Roman provinces Continued struggle between Plebeians and

Roman Lifestyle and Achievements

Page 48: Bellwork · Imperialism –establishing control over foreign lands After the Punic Wars, Greece and surrounding areas became Roman provinces Continued struggle between Plebeians and
Page 49: Bellwork · Imperialism –establishing control over foreign lands After the Punic Wars, Greece and surrounding areas became Roman provinces Continued struggle between Plebeians and

Life in Rome

▪ Wealthy Romans–Political and Family Alliances–Interest in Politics and Power–Large Land Owners–Luxury

▪ Poor Romans–“Bread and Circuses”

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Page 51: Bellwork · Imperialism –establishing control over foreign lands After the Punic Wars, Greece and surrounding areas became Roman provinces Continued struggle between Plebeians and
Page 52: Bellwork · Imperialism –establishing control over foreign lands After the Punic Wars, Greece and surrounding areas became Roman provinces Continued struggle between Plebeians and
Page 53: Bellwork · Imperialism –establishing control over foreign lands After the Punic Wars, Greece and surrounding areas became Roman provinces Continued struggle between Plebeians and

The Roman Amphitheater

Page 54: Bellwork · Imperialism –establishing control over foreign lands After the Punic Wars, Greece and surrounding areas became Roman provinces Continued struggle between Plebeians and
Page 56: Bellwork · Imperialism –establishing control over foreign lands After the Punic Wars, Greece and surrounding areas became Roman provinces Continued struggle between Plebeians and

Other Amphitheaters

Page 57: Bellwork · Imperialism –establishing control over foreign lands After the Punic Wars, Greece and surrounding areas became Roman provinces Continued struggle between Plebeians and
Page 58: Bellwork · Imperialism –establishing control over foreign lands After the Punic Wars, Greece and surrounding areas became Roman provinces Continued struggle between Plebeians and
Page 59: Bellwork · Imperialism –establishing control over foreign lands After the Punic Wars, Greece and surrounding areas became Roman provinces Continued struggle between Plebeians and

Roman Architecture

Page 60: Bellwork · Imperialism –establishing control over foreign lands After the Punic Wars, Greece and surrounding areas became Roman provinces Continued struggle between Plebeians and

Roman Architecture

Page 61: Bellwork · Imperialism –establishing control over foreign lands After the Punic Wars, Greece and surrounding areas became Roman provinces Continued struggle between Plebeians and
Page 62: Bellwork · Imperialism –establishing control over foreign lands After the Punic Wars, Greece and surrounding areas became Roman provinces Continued struggle between Plebeians and
Page 63: Bellwork · Imperialism –establishing control over foreign lands After the Punic Wars, Greece and surrounding areas became Roman provinces Continued struggle between Plebeians and
Page 64: Bellwork · Imperialism –establishing control over foreign lands After the Punic Wars, Greece and surrounding areas became Roman provinces Continued struggle between Plebeians and
Page 65: Bellwork · Imperialism –establishing control over foreign lands After the Punic Wars, Greece and surrounding areas became Roman provinces Continued struggle between Plebeians and
Page 66: Bellwork · Imperialism –establishing control over foreign lands After the Punic Wars, Greece and surrounding areas became Roman provinces Continued struggle between Plebeians and

In a McDonalds in Rome

Page 67: Bellwork · Imperialism –establishing control over foreign lands After the Punic Wars, Greece and surrounding areas became Roman provinces Continued struggle between Plebeians and
Page 68: Bellwork · Imperialism –establishing control over foreign lands After the Punic Wars, Greece and surrounding areas became Roman provinces Continued struggle between Plebeians and
Page 69: Bellwork · Imperialism –establishing control over foreign lands After the Punic Wars, Greece and surrounding areas became Roman provinces Continued struggle between Plebeians and
Page 70: Bellwork · Imperialism –establishing control over foreign lands After the Punic Wars, Greece and surrounding areas became Roman provinces Continued struggle between Plebeians and
Page 71: Bellwork · Imperialism –establishing control over foreign lands After the Punic Wars, Greece and surrounding areas became Roman provinces Continued struggle between Plebeians and
Page 72: Bellwork · Imperialism –establishing control over foreign lands After the Punic Wars, Greece and surrounding areas became Roman provinces Continued struggle between Plebeians and
Page 73: Bellwork · Imperialism –establishing control over foreign lands After the Punic Wars, Greece and surrounding areas became Roman provinces Continued struggle between Plebeians and
Page 74: Bellwork · Imperialism –establishing control over foreign lands After the Punic Wars, Greece and surrounding areas became Roman provinces Continued struggle between Plebeians and

A New Religion and the Fall of the Roman Empire

Page 75: Bellwork · Imperialism –establishing control over foreign lands After the Punic Wars, Greece and surrounding areas became Roman provinces Continued struggle between Plebeians and

Attempts at Reform

▪ Diocletian (284 A.D.)–Divides the Empire–Resigns due to ill health,

empire continues to decline

Page 76: Bellwork · Imperialism –establishing control over foreign lands After the Punic Wars, Greece and surrounding areas became Roman provinces Continued struggle between Plebeians and

Attempts at Reform

▪ Constantine (312 A.D.)–Religious tolerance

Page 77: Bellwork · Imperialism –establishing control over foreign lands After the Punic Wars, Greece and surrounding areas became Roman provinces Continued struggle between Plebeians and
Page 78: Bellwork · Imperialism –establishing control over foreign lands After the Punic Wars, Greece and surrounding areas became Roman provinces Continued struggle between Plebeians and

Roman Christianity

▪ Why did it catch on?

– Teachings

– Roman Roads

– Religious toleration

▪ Persecution

– Why?

– Martyrs

▪ Persecution of Christians

▪ How could they actually attract people to the religion?

– Approval

▪ 313 - Constantine legalizes Christianity

▪ 380 – Theodosius makes Christianity the official religion

Page 79: Bellwork · Imperialism –establishing control over foreign lands After the Punic Wars, Greece and surrounding areas became Roman provinces Continued struggle between Plebeians and

Attempts at Reform

▪ Constantine (312 A.D.)

–Religious tolerance–Establishes a new

Capital, Constantinople – Well defended, center of trade

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Page 81: Bellwork · Imperialism –establishing control over foreign lands After the Punic Wars, Greece and surrounding areas became Roman provinces Continued struggle between Plebeians and

Theodosius

▪ Officially divides Rome into two independent Empires

▪ Roman Empire and Byzantine Empire

Page 82: Bellwork · Imperialism –establishing control over foreign lands After the Punic Wars, Greece and surrounding areas became Roman provinces Continued struggle between Plebeians and

Theodosius

▪ Officially divides Rome into two independent Empires

▪ Roman Empire and Byzantine Empire

Page 83: Bellwork · Imperialism –establishing control over foreign lands After the Punic Wars, Greece and surrounding areas became Roman provinces Continued struggle between Plebeians and

Weakening Military

▪ No longer prestigious to be in Roman Military

▪ Quality of weapons, armor, training declines

▪ Frequent civil wars

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Invasions

▪ Invasions by Germanic tribes could not be stopped by weakening legions

Page 85: Bellwork · Imperialism –establishing control over foreign lands After the Punic Wars, Greece and surrounding areas became Roman provinces Continued struggle between Plebeians and

The Huns

▪ Warlike Nomads

▪ Drove Germanic tribes to Roman lands

▪ Attila the Hun begins invading W. Europe (434 A.D.)

▪ Last Roman Emperor is deposed in 476

Page 86: Bellwork · Imperialism –establishing control over foreign lands After the Punic Wars, Greece and surrounding areas became Roman provinces Continued struggle between Plebeians and

How did it happen?

▪ Mercenaries – foreign soldiers fighting for Rome

▪ Social problems–Idea of Rome fades–Impact of Bread and Circuses

Page 87: Bellwork · Imperialism –establishing control over foreign lands After the Punic Wars, Greece and surrounding areas became Roman provinces Continued struggle between Plebeians and

The End?

▪ Eastern Roman Empire survived until the 1400’s (Byzantine Empire)