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Below Species Ranks• subspecies - a population of several biotypes forming a
more or less distinct regional group of a species - primarily a geographical race or ecotype
• variety - a population of one or several biotypes, forming more or less distinct local groups of a species - primarily local race, or ecotype of very small habitat - many people feel this term shouldn't be used as it is too uncertain what it means
• form - a population of one or several biotypes occurring sporadically in a species population in one or several distinct characters - a genetic variant mixed in with other distinct genetic variants - may be variation in flower color or secondary chemical compounds
• cultivar - a form or race of a plant found only under cultivation
Pitcher Plant - Sarracenia rubra subsp. gulfensis
Pitcher Plant - Sarracenia rubra subsp. wherryi
Acer rubrum – Red Maple - Aceraceae
Acer rubrum var. rubrum
Acer rubrumvar. trilobum
Rosaceae
PeachPrunus persicavar. persica
NectarinePrunus persicavar. nectarina
Violaceae
Two forms of Viola palustris – blue-runner violet
Solonaceae
Several cultivars of the tomato – Lycopersicon esculentum
Geology of Illinois
Garden of the Gods – Shawnee Hills
Apple River, Near Galena
Mississippi Palisades, Savannah, IL
Rockford, Illinois
Starved Rock State Park
Major cycles of variation in temperature
Causes of 100,000 year cycle in temperature variation
EarthduringWisconsinianglaciation
Exposed glacial till
Glacial Drift at Fox River Stone Company – St. Charles, IL – 100 feet of drift over
bedrock
Illinois River Valley
Prairie pothole ponds and marshes
Glacial erratic in Alberta
Exposed Loess Deposit
Glacial Landscape – Cross-section
Mean Monthly Temperatures – Urbana, Illinois
Cyclical climate and ecological change at Billy’s Lake, MN
• 10,000 to 8020 BP - jack pine, red pine forest with some oaks
• 8020 to 3400 BP - grassy prairies with sage (5000 to 4000 BP) and with oak after that
• 3400 to 1000 BP - deciduous forest - oak-grass to oak-birch to birch-hornbeam
• 1000 BP to present - pine forest - birch-white pine