THRIPS MANAGEMENT PRACTICES IN FRENCH BEAN PRODUCTION AND EFFICACY OF INTEGRATED PESTICIDE

APPLICATION REGIEMES IN EMBU EAST

Benard Ouma Ogala-University of Nairobi

Supervisors

Dr. James Muthomi -University of Nairobi

Prof. John Nderitu-Mount Kenya University

Dr.Faith Torotich -University of Nairobi

1.Introduction

1.Inputs-Not affordable

2.EU regulation-Barriers to trade

MRL-10% sample per consignment

150000-200000 Ksh per shipment

3. Private standards e.g. Global GAP: Smallholder farmers have problems in

meeting the costs

2. Objectives

Broad

To develop an integrated thrips management regime suitable for small scale growers. Specific

• To determine pest management strategies used by small scale French bean farmers in Embu

• To evaluate the efficacy of integrating biological, synthetic and botanical pesticides in management of thrips.

3. Determination of current pest control practices

3.1Sampling procedure Sample size-70 farmers Multistage sampling technique Farmers randomly selected from the list of French bean farmers Structured questionnaire3.2Data collected• Challenges to French beans production• Farmers knowledge of pests and their management practices.• French bean varieties grown, harvesting and post harvest• Marketing channels and certification status of farmers

3.3: ResultsFigure 3.1: Constraints to French beans production

Figure 3.2:Important pest as perceived by farmers

Figure 3.3:Methods of control

Table 3.1:Record keeping and storage of pesticides

Percent farmers Percent farmers

Record keping Mwea east Embu east Storage of pesticides

Mwea east Embu east

Production 47.4 18.8 House 29 21.8

Spray 28.9 21.9 Separate store 65.8 50

Sales 60.5 40.6 Central store 2.6 21.8

PHI 21.1 34.4 Left in the field 2.6 6.4

Table 3.2:Marketing, marketing channels and certification status of farmers in Embu East district

Activity Measure Mwea east Embu east

Marketing chanel Brokers 63.2 28.1

Exporters/processors 36.8 71.9

Point of sale Sold at home 60.5 6.3

Exporters 13.2 3.1

Central collection point 18.4 90.6

Transported to brokers 7.9 0

Distance to collection point(Kilometers)

1 18.4 25

2 10.5 17.9

3 and more 10.6 57.1

Implementation of market standards

Yes 23.7 9.4

Type of standard Global GAP 23.7 9.4

Plans for certification Yes 15.8 3.1

Certified 0 3.1

4. Effects of integrating biological, synthetic and botanical pesticides on pod quality and yield of French beans

4.1Design-RCBD, 4 replicates

4.2 Treatments chemical plus biological pesticides - at 50% flowerinng, 8 days later, 16 days chemical plus botanical pesticides - at 50% flowerinng, 8 days later, 16 days conventional pesticide - at 50% flowerinng, 8 days later, 16 days botanical plus biological - at 50% flowerinng, 8 days later, 16 days Biological pesticide - at 50% flowerinng, 8 days later, 16 days Control plots - no pesticide application. 4.3 Data collected Growth parameters Thrips population Pod quality Pod yield

4.4 ResultsTable 4.1:Effects of pesticide spray regiemes on thrips population- F.spp

F.Occidentalis F.schulzei

Season 1 Season 2 Season 1 Season 2

Treatment MEAN MEAN MEAN MEAN

Chemical+Biological 5.4b 1.6ab 9.1ab 1.3ab

Chemical+Botanical 4.6b 1.5ab 10.8bc 1.5b

Conventional 2.8a 1.1a 6.31a 0.9a

Botanical+Biological 7.7c 2.0b 14.2cd 2.1c

Biological 7.7c 2.0B 15.5bc 2.3c

Control 8.2c 3.3C 21.8e 2.9d

LSD5.1

1.8 4.3 1.6

Cv%14.2

51.6 18.6 62.5

Table 4.2:Effects of pesticide spray regiemes on thrips population-Megalulothrips and larvae

Megalulothrips larvae

Season 1 Season 2 Season 1 Season 2

Treatment MEAN MEAN MEAN MEAN

Chemical+Biological 4.4a 1.7a 4.0a 1.3a

Chemical+Botanical 4.6a 1.5a 3.2a 1.8ab

Conventional 3.7a 1.2a 3.7a 1.2a

Botanical+Biological 25.0b 2.3b 15.4b 2.6bc

Biological 23.9b 2.4b 13.4b 3.3c

Control 25.7b 3.1c 16.9b 5.0d

LSD 12.8 1.7 13.0 2.2

Cv% 38.2 61.4 31.1 61.2

Table 4.3:Effects of pesticide spray regiemes on pod quality of French beans

Marketable

Season 1 Season 2

Treatment MEAN MEAN

Chemical+Biological7.6c 5.8c

Chemical+Botanical7.1c 6.0c

Conventional8.4d 6.6d

Botanical+Biological6.4b 5.2b

Biological6.1b 5.2b

Control4.7a 3.91a

LSD1.6 1.6

Cv%16.8 20.6

Table 4.4:Effect of different pesticide spray regimes on yield of French

Season 1 Season 2

Fine Extra fine Rejects Fine Extra fine Rejects

Treatment MEAN MEAN MEAN MEAN MEAN MEAN

Chemical+Bio

logical

225.7c1020b 323.0ab

01663.0c 285.2abc

Chemical+Bot

anical

174.8bc790.3b 393.8bc

01859cd 281.1.6ab

Conventional 199c 1347d 269.5a 0 2066.0d 245.6a

Botanical+Bio

logical

180bc636ab 469.4cd

01295.0b 353.0bc

Biological 131.1ab 609a 514.2de 0 1129.0b 386.0c

Control 106.9a 541a 588.2e 0 774.0a 611.8d

LSD 178.6 481.1 177.8 0 825.0 302.9

Cv% 13.8 42.2 48.7 0 40.3 60.2

Plan to conclusion

FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT

Compile first 3 chapters

of thesis

Data interpretation write

results

Compile and complete

thesis

Thesis submission

Graduation

THANK YOU