Benchmark #1 PretestDirections: Do your best to answer the following by choosing the best option listed under each question.

1. All citizens of Athens had the right to discuss issues openly and to vote in the assembly. This is an example of…. a. republicanism, c. democracy. b. monarchy, d. militarism.

2. The goal of the republican form of government in Rome was to a. concentrate power in the hands of the wealthy. b. concentrate power in the hands of a dictator. c. provide all Romans with a voice in government. d. prevent any one person from gaining too much power.

3. What made the Israelites' religious beliefs unique? a. The Israelites believed in one true God and that each event reflected God's plan. b. The Israelites feared God and believed that God would punish them. c. The Israelites believed that gods were tied to certain places and people. d. The Israelites worshipped two gods, Osiris and Isis, instead of one god.

4. Which of the following had a negative impact on the spread of Christianity? a. the Roman persecution of Christians b. the inclusion of Greek ideas in Christianity c. the emphasis on love and equality in Christianity d. the Roman road system

5. What was groundbreaking about the development of democracy? a. People were able to govern without using written laws. b. People were governed by councils, instead of by an absolute ruler. c. Democracy brought together religious faith and government. d. Democracy balanced power among religious leaders and kings.

6. A political system in which representatives are elected by the people follows the model of…. a. direct democracy. b. a republic. c. branches of government. d. Judeo-Christian tradition.

7. In the Greco-Roman view, the world is governed by natural laws that can be discovered through….. a. reason. b. tradition. c. faith. d. citizen participation.

8. In Judeo-Christian tradition, helping others in need should be the…. a. only duty of political leaders. B. sole mission of religion. c. responsibility of government. d. responsibility of every person. 9. Greco-Roman and Judeo-Christian traditions share an emphasis on a. prosperity. b. fair government. c. faith in one God. d. individual choice.

10. What was one way that Greco-Roman and Judeo-Christian values spread throughout Europe in the first centuries A.D.? a. explorers in the Age of Discovery b. expansion of the Roman Empire c. missionaries building churches d. conversion by the sword in Africa

Use this map to answer the next five questions-

11. What was Greece's largest island? a. Rhodes b, Marathon c. Crete d. Knossos

12. What sea separates Greece from Asia Minor? a. Mediterranean b. Ionian c. Aegean d. all of the above

13. Which is Greece's easternmost city? a. Byzantium b. Pella c. Troy d. Athens

14. Troy lies near what narrow waterway that separates Europe from Asia Minor? a. Sea of Marmara b. Aegean Sea c. Ionian Sea d. Dardanelles

15. What is the largest area named on the map that was not part of the Greek World? a. Knossos b. Asia Minor c. Byzantium d. Crete

16.. Which of the following Greek ideas provides the basis for modern constitutional governments? a. Socrates' concept of self-examination c. Plato's concept of philosopher-kings b. Aristotle's concept of the rule of law d. Aristotle's concept of the "golden mean"

17. In ancient Greece, the word tyrant referred to a leader who a. took over the government. b. ruled with cruelty. c. lost the support of the people. d. wanted to become a king.

18. According to ancient Greek philosophers, with whom did a tyrant share power? a. the people b. the aristocracy c. a group of philosophers d. nobody

19. What was the primary legacy of the philosophers in ancient Greece? a. they criticizing the government b. they thought about natural laws c. they worked toward democracy d. they reformed the laws

20. Plato wrote that a tyrant can become dangerous because every tyrant has... a. too much A freedom to rule. b. material wealth. c. popular support. d. interest in war.

21. According to Aristotle, why does a tyrant govern against the will of the people? a. Tyrants take power illegally. b. The people wish to rebel against a tyrant. c. The tyrant is primarily self-interested. d. Many people ruled by the tyrant are slaves.

22. Ancient Greek philosophers helped the development of democracy by... a. expanding definitions of citizenship. b. ending the rule of the tyrants. c. writing a basic set of fair laws. d. promoting reason and thought.

23. In his ideal government, Plato believed that the leaders would be chosen on the basis of… a. The will of the people b. The amount of money which the leaders possess c. The natural ability and attitude of the leaders d. The revealed will of the gods

24. . Aristotle believed that monarchy and tyranny were different in the way each upheld or violated… a. the will of the people b. The will of the gods c. the laws of nature d. the rule of law.

J. The rule of law is seen by Aristotle as the best way to govern because…. a. It is more consistent than the shifting will of the monarch or the people. b. It forces people to learn to read since the rules must be written out. c. It gives the monarch absolute power to govern. d. It gives protection to the rich land owning classes who deserve it.

Use this chart to answer the last five questions-

26. In which form of government did social status play a role? a. monarchy b. aristocracy c. oligarchy d. direct democracy

27. What form of government was practiced in Sparta? a. monarchy b. aristocracy c. oligarchy d. direct democracy

28. Where was monarchy the form of government around 1450 B.C.? a. Athens b. Mycenae c. Sparta d. all of the above

29. Which form of government sometimes had a ruler who claimed divine right? a. monarchy b. aristocracy c. oligarchy d. direct democracy

30. Which form of government was ruled by citizens? a. monarchy b. aristocracy c. oligarchy d. direct democracy