Benchmark 2 Review

Any number 2 through 103

1.3.

2.

5.

6.

4.

What is a species?A. groups of individuals that belong to the same

species and live in the same area. B. a group of organisms so similar to one another that

they can breed and produce fertile offspring. C. assemblages of different populations that live

together in a defined area.D. is a collection of all the organisms that live in a

particular place, together with their nonliving, or physical, environment.

E. is a group of ecosystems that have the same climate and similar dominant communities

What is a population?A. groups of individuals that belong to the same

species and live in the same area. B. a group of organisms so similar to one another that

they can breed and produce fertile offspring. C. assemblages of different populations that live

together in a defined area.D. is a collection of all the organisms that live in a

particular place, together with their nonliving, or physical, environment.

E. is a group of ecosystems that have the same climate and similar dominant communities

What is a community?A. groups of individuals that belong to the same

species and live in the same area. B. a group of organisms so similar to one another that

they can breed and produce fertile offspring. C. assemblages of different populations that live

together in a defined area.D. is a collection of all the organisms that live in a

particular place, together with their nonliving, or physical, environment.

E. is a group of ecosystems that have the same climate and similar dominant communities

What is a community?A. groups of individuals that belong to the same

species and live in the same area. B. a group of organisms so similar to one another that

they can breed and produce fertile offspring. C. assemblages of different populations that live

together in a defined area.D. is a collection of all the organisms that live in a

particular place, together with their nonliving, or physical, environment.

E. is a group of ecosystems that have the same climate and similar dominant communities

What is an ecosystem?A. groups of individuals that belong to the same

species and live in the same area. B. a group of organisms so similar to one another that

they can breed and produce fertile offspring. C. assemblages of different populations that live

together in a defined area.D. is a collection of all the organisms that live in a

particular place, together with their nonliving, or physical, environment.

E. is a group of ecosystems that have the same climate and similar dominant communities

What is biome?A. groups of individuals that belong to the same

species and live in the same area. B. a group of organisms so similar to one another that

they can breed and produce fertile offspring. C. assemblages of different populations that live

together in a defined area.D. is a collection of all the organisms that live in a

particular place, together with their nonliving, or physical, environment.

E. is a group of ecosystems that have the same climate and similar dominant communities

Autotrophs

• Autotrophs - use energy from the environment to fuel the assembly of simple inorganic compounds into complex organic molecules (Producers)

• Processes- photosynthesis and chemosynthesis.

Heterotrophs

• Heterotrophs - organisms that rely on other organisms for their energy and food supply (Consumers)

• Herbivores• Carnivores• Omnivores• Scavengers• Detritivores• Decomposers

Food Chains and Food Chains

• Food Chain - a series of steps in which organisms transfer energy by eating and being eaten

• Food Web - links all the food chains in an ecosystem together

Trophic

Levels

Ecological Pyramids

1. Energy –

2. Biomass –

3. Numbers -

Energy Pyramid

Biomass Pyramid

Numbers

What is a community?

• groups of individuals that belong to the same species and live in the same area.

• a group of organisms so similar to one another that they can breed and produce fertile offspring.

• assemblages of different populations that live together in a defined area.

• is a collection of all the organisms that live in a particular place, together with their nonliving, or physical, environment.

• is a group of ecosystems that have the same climate and similar dominant communities

A.C.

B.

Question 2.

What is a species?

• groups of individuals that belong to the same species and live in the same area.

• a group of organisms so similar to one another that they can breed and produce fertile offspring.

• assemblages of different populations that live together in a defined area.

• is a collection of all the organisms that live in a particular place, together with their nonliving, or physical, environment.

• is a group of ecosystems that have the same climate and similar dominant communities

A.C.

B.

Question 4.

What is an ecosystem?

• groups of individuals that belong to the same species and live in the same area.

• a group of organisms so similar to one another that they can breed and produce fertile offspring.

• assemblages of different populations that live together in a defined area.

• is a collection of all the organisms that live in a particular place, together with their nonliving, or physical, environment.

• is a group of ecosystems that have the same climate and similar dominant communities

B.

C.

A.

Question 6.

What is biome?

• groups of individuals that belong to the same species and live in the same area.

• a group of organisms so similar to one another that they can breed and produce fertile offspring.

• assemblages of different populations that live together in a defined area.

• is a collection of all the organisms that live in a particular place, together with their nonliving, or physical, environment.

• is a group of ecosystems that have the same climate and similar dominant communities

B.

C.

A.

Question 8.

A group of organisms of a certain species that is in one area at a given time is known as

A. an ecosystemB. a communityC. a populationD. a trophic level

A.C.

B.

Question 10.

Organisms in an ecosystem are linkedtogether by

A geochemical pathwaysB greenhouse effectsC food websD water cycles

Which of the following fields of biologyfocuses on the interactions among variousspecies with each other and theirenvironment?

A anatomyB geneticsC biochemistryD ecology

Which of the following is an abiotic factor in an ecosystem?

A grassB a foxC a rockD a worm

Predators often feed on weak or sickanimals in an ecosystem. The role of thepredator is described as its

A communityB habitatC nicheD population

In the food chain below, which population will most likely decrease if snakes are removed from the food chain?

grass grasshopper frog snake hawk

• A grass• B grasshopper• C frog• D hawk

Of the following, which is considered aliving organism?

A bacteriumB mitochondrionC nucleusD abiotic factor

Biology is the study of

A scienceB moleculesC lifeD animals

True or False

Autotrophs - use energy from the environment to fuel the assembly of simple inorganic compounds into complex organic molecules

Autotroph or Heterotroph?

Autotroph or Hetertroph?

True or False

Heterotrophs - organisms that rely on other organisms for their energy and food supply.

In a scientific experiment, how manyindependent variables should be tested at the same time?

A noneB oneC twoD three or more

Which of the following is the smallest unitas shown on the metric ruler below?

A centimeterB kilometerC millimeterD hectometer

A student named Lu is about to leave thelab area where she has been working withchemicals. What is the last activity sheshould perform before she leaves the labarea?

A put away her equipmentB wash her handsC wash the tabletopD clean the glassware

Homeostasis is the maintenance of stableconditions within the body. Which of thefollowing is a method of maintaininghomeostasis in the human body?

A working in air conditioningB shivering when coldC eating balanced mealsD sleeping regularly

As energy flows through anecosystem, at each trophic level it

A increasesB decreasesC fluctuatesD remains the same

The total mass of living tissue at each trophic level can be shown in a(an)

A.energy pyramid.B.pyramid of numbers.C.biomass pyramid.D.biogeochemical cycle

Predators often feed on weak or sick animals in an ecosystem. The role of the predator is described as its

A communityB habitatC nicheD population

Organisms in an ecosystem are linkedtogether by

A geochemical pathwaysB greenhouse effectsC food websD water cycles

In the food chain below, which population will most likely decrease if snakesare removed from the food chain?

grass grasshopper frog snake hawk

A grassB grasshopperC frogD hawk

Autotrophs are organisms that

A. rely on other organisms for their energy and food supply.

B. consume plant and animal remains and other dead matter.

C. use energy they take in from the environment to convert inorganic molecules into complex organic molecules.

D. obtain energy by eating only plants.

Question 7

All of life on Earth exists in a region known as

A. an ecosystem.B. a biome.C. the biosphere.D. ecology.

Which choice below has the correct trophic levels in the correct order?

a. Producer, 1st Level Consumer, 2nd Level Consumer, 3rd Level Consumer.

b. 3rd Level Consumer, 2nd Level Consumer, 1st Level Consumer, Producer.

c. 3rd Level Consumer,1st Level Consumer, Producer, 2nd Level Consumer.

How much energy is transferred to the next trophic level in an energy pyramid that is available for use?

a. 5%b. 10%c. 15%d. 100%

Groups of different species that live together in a defined area make up a(an)

A. population.B. community.C. ecosystem.D. biosphere.

Name?Macromolecule?

Contains Adenine, Thymine, Guanine and cytosine Stores Genetic Information Double Stranded

Name?Macromolecule?

C, H, O Structural component for insulation and long term energy storage.

Fat Cells

Name?Macromolecule?

C, H, O, N, S Anti-body Major part of the immune system that helps education white blood cells on potential pathogens.

Name?Macromolecule?

C,H, O Cellulose

Major structural component in plant cell walls

Name?Macromolecule?

C, H, O, N, S Major structural component found in egg white

Macromolecule?

Name?Macromolecule?

C, H, O, N, S Biological catalyst that speed up reactions by lowering the activation energy.

Name?Macromolecule?

C, H, O Major structural component of fungi cell wall and in the exoskeleton of arthropods.

Macromolecule?

Name?Macromolecule?

C, H, O Complex sugar – polysaccharide Source of Energy

Name?Macromolecule?

C, H, O

Wax

Waterproofing function in some organisms

The leaves of rutabaga plants are smooth, waxy, and divided into lobes. The leaves are edible and can be used and prepared in the same manner as turnip leaves.

Name?Macromolecule?

C, H, O, N, S Insulin

Major component of the blood that helps convert glucose into a useable form (hint: diabetes) Help regulate other body functions as well.

Name?Macromolecule?

C, H, O Oils

Name?Macromolecule?

C, H, O, N, S Keratin

Major structural component of skin, hair and fingernails.

Name?Macromolecule?

C, H, O C6H12O6

Simple sugar Source of energy

Name?Macromolecule?

C, H, O Fat Soluble hormone Examples: estrogen, progesterone, corticosteroids, testosterone, and Vitamin D.

Name?Macromolecule?

Contains Adenine, Uracil, Guanine and cytosine Stores genetic information for making proteins Single Stranded

Macromolecule?

Macromolecule?

Name?Macromolecule?

C, H, O, N, S Major structural component found in muscles (actin and myosin).

Name?Macromolecule?

C, H, O Complex sugar – polysaccharide Source of Energy Can be a structural component

Nucleotides are the monomer for what macromolecule?

Monosaccarides are the monomer for what macromolecule?

Fatty Acids and Glycerol are the monomers for what macromolecule?

Amino Acids are the monomer for what macromolecule?

Identify the bond

• A water molecule is __________ because there is an uneven distribution of electrons between the oxygen and hydrogen atoms.

• Attraction of two different molecules?– Adhesion

• Attraction of two of the same molecule?– Cohesion

• Material composed of two or more elements or compounds?– Mixture

• Examples?

• Mixture with Water?– Solutions and Suspensions.

• All components are evenly distributed throughout?– Solution

• Substance being dissolved?– Solute

• Substance doing the dissolving?– Solvent

• Mixtures of water and material that is not dissolved?– Suspension

• Solution or Suspension?• Gatorade– Solution

• Quick Sand– Suspension

• Saltwater– Solution

• Blood– Both!!!

• What does pH measure?

• Acids (H+ ions) and Bases (OH- ions)

• What is the pH scale range?

• 0-14

• Acid or Base?• Orange Juice with a pH of 2

– Acid• Soap with a pH of 10

– Base• Human Blood with a pH of 7

– Neutral• Bleach with a pH of 13

– Base• Stomach Secretions with a pH of 1

– Acid

• How do scientists (or cells) adjust pH levels?– Buffers (weak acids or bases)

• What are the six most common element found in living things?– Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus, Sulfur,

Nitrogen• What are the four macromolecules?• Grab your PeNCiL!– Proteins– Nucleic Acids– Carbohydrates– Lipids

• What is the monomer?

• Proteins– Amino Acids

• Nucleic Acids– Nucleotides

• Carbohydrates– Monosaccharide

• Lipids– Fatty Acids

Hint: C6H12O6

OR

-NH2 + -COOH + R

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=VmpgpJoi6D1F0M&tbnid=UIEP_aXL8x8IqM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.uic.edu%2Fclasses%2Fbios%2Fbios100%2Flectf03am%2Flect11.htm&ei=YwtlUqV5hdPZBeDtgJAP&bvm=bv.54934254,d.b2I&psig=AFQjCNE0QKg2yYsUw-TKPt01pAoGrAl1fg&ust=1382440152253868

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=3yDy249nPwuclM&tbnid=Y0bYz3avWTGVFM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rpi.edu%2Fdept%2Fchem-eng%2FBiotech-Environ%2FIMMOB%2Flactose.html&ei=zAtlUqaNI-TA2gXwy4GICA&bvm=bv.54934254,d.b2I&psig=AFQjCNGkCEd0v642AZumSBrCi9OlegdTNg&ust=1382440255123001

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=VFz_NTAKW1nBOM&tbnid=A2v0j-yQZpV84M:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rpi.edu%2Fdept%2Fchem-eng%2FBiotech-Environ%2FFUNDAMNT%2Fsugpoly.htm&ei=BgxlUqGXEsaw2gXqhoHQCQ&bvm=bv.54934254,d.b2I&psig=AFQjCNGJbBLQT7ye15ZrQXL4vNwlpvGaqQ&ust=1382440300902877

Amino Acids

• What is the function?• Proteins– Structure and Functions

• Nucleic Acids– Store Genetic Information

• Carbohydrates– Energy and Structural

• Lipids– Store Energy and Structural

• Name examples?

• Proteins

• Nucleic Acids

• Carbohydrates

• Lipids• All Organic Compounds Contain?

– Carbon

• Identify Reactant or Product?

• CO2 + H20 H2CO3

• Identify Reactant or Product?

• CO2 +H20 H2CO3

• Energy that is needed to get a reaction?– Activation Energy

• Substance that speeds up a chemical reaction?– Catalyst

• Protein that is a biological catalyst (by lowering activation energy)?– Enzyme

• Identify the part of an enzymatic reaction

?

Question 34

• Identify the part of an enzymatic reaction

?

• Identify the part of an enzymatic reaction

?

• Identify the part of an enzymatic reaction

?

• Identify the part of an enzymatic reaction

?

• Some Enzymes are physically changed by extreme temperature or pH this is called?– Denaturation

• What is the optimum temperature for this enzyme?

oC

• What is the optimum pH for Enzyme B?A CB

Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic?

Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic?

Plant Cell or Animal Cell?Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic?

Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic?Plant Cell or Animal Cell?

Name the Organelle?

Found in Plant Cells, Animal Cells or Both?

Name the Organelle?

Found in Plant Cells, Animal Cells or Both?

Name the Organelle?

Found in Plant Cells, Animal Cells or Both?

Name the Organelle?

Found in Plant Cells, Animal Cells or Both?

Name the Organelle?

Found in Plant Cells, Animal Cells or Both?

Outside the Cell

Inside the Cell

Name the Organelle?

Found in Plant Cells, Animal Cells or Both?

Outside the Cell

Inside the Cell

Enlarged

Name the Organelle?

Found in Plant Cells, Animal Cells or Both?

Name the Organelle? Found in Plant Cells,

Animal Cells or Both?

Name the Organelle?

Found in Plant Cells, Animal Cells or Both?

Name the Organelle?

Found in Plant Cells, Animal Cells or Both?

?

Name the Organelle?

Found in Plant Cells, Animal Cells or Both?

What is it?

DNA

What is it?