Benchmark Exam Power Point Notes

9-26-12

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Geography

Achievements

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Politics

Social Structure

Kansas–Nebraska Act• The Missouri Compromise said

slavery was not allowed in Louisiana Territory north of Missouri's southern border 36`. In 1854, Senator Stephen Douglas of Illinois said the territories of Kansas and Nebraska should vote on the issue of slavery. “Popular sovereignty” means that people vote on issues. Southerners loved the idea Northerners hated it. Congress passed the Kansas-Nebraska Act anyway and erased part of the Missouri Compromise.

Former president Adams appointedMarbury to the supreme court.

New President Jefferson had his secretary of state (Madison) make sure that did not

happen. So Marbury sued to get his job, and lost.

Adams Jefferson

MadisonMarbury VS

2nd Great Awakening• Every person

could be saved through revivals. It enrolled millions of new members and helped to form new denominationsdesigned to remedy the evils of society before the Second Coming of Jesus Christ

• female textile workers in Lowell, Massachusetts, in the 19th and 20th century. The Lowell textile mills employed a workforce which was about three quarters female from 15-35 working about 70 hours a week in horrible conditions. Workers lived in boarding houses nearby with 6 to a room.

Lincoln’s “lienient” 10% plan called for a small minority of southern voters to pledge their aliegence to the Union. His rivals “Radical” rivals

within his Republican party called for a 51% majority.

Lincoln’s 1st picture as President Lincoln looking haggard 6 years later

charles sumner

thaddeusstevens

REPUBLICAN

riv

als

Separation of Powers ensures there is a system of Checks and Balances. (This means no one branch of the Government can become too powerful, because

the other 2 will be able to regulate them.

Seneca Falls, New York. Stanton noted the Seneca Falls Convention was the first public women's rights meeting in the United States

In 1848 Mott and Stanton organized a women's rights convention at…

MOTT STANTONA YOUNGER REPRESENTSTIVE

The Union

• William Tecumseh Sherman was a

• Union general who• led a campaign called the

March to the Sea in Georgia (starting in Atlanta and ending in Savanna), in which his army created a path of destroyed anything and everything that the Confederates could use for war including crops, bridges, and railroad tracks.

Battle Flag

General Sherman theSequoia 275 ft tall & 25 ft diameter

States' Rights Doctrine The belief that states had rights and powers within the

U.S. government. Slave supporters argued for the protection of slave property, even if an owner moved into a free state. An example being the Dred Scott Virginia decision by the Supreme Court.

Abolitionist Leaders• William Lloyd Garrison:

Massachusetts editor of the abolitionist paper The Liberator, he was one of the founders of the American Anti-Slavery Society.

• Frederick Douglass: Maryland An escaped slave, he spoke and wrote about his life, and met with President Lincoln about the treatment of black soldiers and with President Johnson on the right of black males to vote.

Chinese Exclusion• During the mid-1800s,

many Chinese laborers came to the U.S. to build the Transcontinental Railroad. After the railroad was completed, Chinese immigrants faced increasing amounts of discrimination. White workers felt the Chinese were driving wages down. So, in 1882, Congress passed the Chinese Exclusion Act, prohibiting Chinese workers from immigrating to the United States for the next ten years.

Hull House• Settlement houses

were set up to help people living in slum tenements. Trained social workers provided services and promoted cooperation among neighbors. Jane Addams founded The Hull House in Chicago, which served as a community center for the neighborhood and later was a center for social reform activities.

The Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire in

New York City 1911

Caused the deaths of 146 Garment workers through smoke inhalation, or falling to their deaths. Most of the victims were recent Jewish and Italian immigrant women aged 16-23

Managers locked the doors to the exits – a common practice at the time- to prevent theft and extra breaks. The fire led to legislation requiring improved factory safety standards and helped spur the growth of Workers' Unions that fought for better working conditions.

Federal Indian Policy

• Started with the Indian Removal Act in 1830. Ordering all Native Americans to reservations by 1876 put Indian children in boarding Schools. The children were forbidden to speak their native languages, taught Christianity, and forced to abandon their Indian identity and culture.

Jim Thorpe 1888-1853Olympic Gold medalist. Playedpro football, baseball, and basketball.Of the Sac and Fox tribe (Oklahoma)

A

B

G ran ge rism

• A farmer's movement in the late 1800s that placed local farmers into area "granges" to work for their political and economic advantages. Each grange then reported concerns or problems to the National Grange (This party later supported the Populist movement)

Samuel Gompers

• The Leader of the American Federation of Labor (AFL) who organized the first U.S. labor movement to unionize workers in similar industries. He set the standard for how American workers would be treated in the future.

Andrew Carnegie• Owned the very successful

Carnegie Steel Company. He wrote an essay titled "The Gospel of Wealth" in 1889 which encouraged wealthy businessmen to donate $ to society. Carnegie became a great philanthropist and funded the creation of several schools and thousands of public libraries in the United States.