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Bernard Hourcade
Monde Iranien et Indien, Paris (CNRS, Sorbonne Nouvelle, INALCO, EPHE)
[email protected] Tel 01 49 60 41 65
http://www.iran-inde.cnrs.fr
INALCO Département EURASIE
GEOGRAPHIE DE L’EURASIE
Année universitaire 2009 2010
3. L’Eurasie : Etats, identités et frontières.
L'aménagementlinguistique
dans le monde
Site hébergé par leTrésor de la langue Française
au Quebec
TLFQ
Université LavalQuébec, 2007
Auteur : Jacques Leclerc,membre associé au TLFQ
http://www.tlfq.ulaval.ca/axl/
https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ir.html
Site de la CIA ( USA)
https://www.cia.gov/index.html
1. La construction des États : centralisme et frontières
2. Ethnicité et transnational
3. Autonomies et conflits
1. La construction des États. centralisme, et frontières
AFGHANISTAN
31 M hab. 647,500 km2
border countries: China 76 km, Iran 936 km, Pakistan 2,430 km, Tajikistan 1,206 km, Turkmenistan 744 km, Uzbekistan 137 km
Pashtun 42%, Tajik 27%, Hazara 9%, Uzbek 9%, Aimak 4%, Turkmen 3%, Baluch 2%, other 4%
Sunni Muslim 80%, Shi'a Muslim 19%, other 1%
TADJIKISTAN7,320,815 hab143,100 Km2
BordersAfghanistan 1,206 km, China 414 km, Kyrgyzstan 870 km, Uzbekistan 1,161 km
Tajik 79.9%, Uzbek 15.3%, Russian 1.1%, Kyrgyz 1.1%, other 2.6%
Sunni Muslim 85%, Shi'a Muslim 5%, other 10%
OUZBEKISTAN447,400 km227,307,134 Hab
border Afghanistan 137 km, Kazakhstan 2,203 km, Kyrgyzstan 1,099 km, Tajikistan 1,161 km, Turkmenistan 1,621 km
Uzbek 80%, Russian 5.5%, Tajik 5%, Kazakh 3%, Karakalpak 2.5%, Tatar 1.5%, other 2.5%
Muslim 88% (mostly Sunnis), Orthodox 9%, other 3%
KIRGHIZIE198,500 km25,213,898 Hab
borders China 858 km, Kazakhstan 1,051 km, Tajikistan 870 km, Uzbekistan 1,099 km
Kyrgyz 64.9%, Uzbek 13.8%, Russian 12.5%, Dungan 1.1%, Ukrainian 1%, Uygur 1%, other 5.7%
Muslim 75%, Orthodox 20%, other 5%
TURKMENISTAN
488,100 km²5,042,920 hab
borders: Afghanistan 744 km, Iran 992 km, Kazakhstan 379 km, Uzbekistan 1,621
Turkmen 85%, Uzbek 5%, Russian 4%, other 6%
Muslim 89%, Eastern Orthodox 9%, unknown 2%
KAZAKHSTAN2,717,300 km2 15,233,244 hab.border : China 1,533 km, Kyrgyzstan 1,051 km, Russia 6,846 km, Turkmenistan 379 km, Uzbekistan 2,203 km
Kazakh 53.4%, Russian 30%, Ukrainian 3.7%, Uzbek 2.5%, German 2.4%, Tatar 1.7%, Uygur 1.4%, other 4.9%
Muslim 47%, Russian Orthodox 44%, Protestant 2%, other 7%
TURQUIE780,580 km2 70,413,958 habborder : Armenia 268 km, Azerbaijan 9 km, Bulgaria 240 km, Georgia 252 km, Greece 206 km, Iran 499 km, Iraq 352 km, Syria 822 km
Turkish 80%, Kurdish 20%
Languages : Turkish, Kurdish, Zaza), Azeri, Kabardian. Muslim 99.8% (mostly Sunni), other 0.2% (mostly Christians and Jews) Alevi ??
AZERBAIDJAN 86,600 km²7,961,619 hab.
border : Armenia 566 km, Armenia/ Naxcivan 221 km, Georgia 322 km, Iran 432 km, Iran /Naxcivan ) 179 km, Russia 284 km, Turkey 9 km
Azeri 90.6%, Dagestani 2.2%, Russian 1.8%, Armenian 1.5%, other 3.9%
Azeri) 89%, Russian 3%, Armenian 2%, other 6%
Muslim 93.4%, Russian Orthodox 2.5%, Armenian Orthodox 2.3%, other 1.8%
ARMENIE29,800 km²2,976,372 Hab.
borders: Azerbaijan- 566 km, Naxcivan exclave 221 km, Georgia 164 km, Iran 35 km, Turkey 268 km
Armenian 97.9%, Yezidi 1.3%, Russian 0.5%, other 0.3%
Armenian Apostolic 94.7%, other Christian 4%, Yezidi 1.3%
GEORGIE9,700 km²4,661,473 hab.borders: Armenia 164 km, Azerbaijan 322 km, Russia 723 km, Turkey 252 km
Georgian 83.8%, Azeri 6.5%, Armenian 5.7%, Russian 1.5%, other 2.5%
Georgian 71% Russian 9%, Armenian 7%, Azeri 6%, other 7% Abkhaz
Orthodox 83.9%,Muslim 9.9%, Armenian 3.9%, Catholic 0.8%, other 0.8%,
IRAN1.648 M km²68,688,433 hab.
borders: Afghanistan 936 km, Armenia 35,Azerbaijan-432 Azerbaijan-Naxcivan 179 Iraq 1,458 km, Pakistan 909 km, Turkey 499 km, Turkmenistan 992 kmCaspienne 657Golfe Persique 2043
Persian 51%, Azeri 24%, Gilaki and Mazandarani 8%, Kurd 7%, Arab 3%, Lur 2%, Baluch 2%, Turkmen 2%, other 1%
Languages : Persian 58%, Turk 26%,Kurdish 9%, Luri 2%, Baluchi 1%, Arabic 1%, Turkish 1%, other 2%
Shi'a Muslim 89%, Sunni 9%, Zoroastrian, Jewish, Christian, and Baha'i 2%
2. Ethnicité et transnational
3. Autonomies et Conflits
LES ROUTES DU PETROLE
Les routes de la drogue
KURDES et BALOUTCHES
Article publié par
Ralph Peters. Blood borders? How a Better Middle East Would Look.Armed Forces Journal, June 2006
Dossier d’analyses critiques dans Diplomatie, 24, 2007 p. 44-63
« Frontières sanglantes »
Comment des dogmes culturels peuvent générer des conflits et briser des équilibres difficiles.