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Better Labs at Lower CostsTen Tools for Challenging Conventional Lab Planning “Rules of Thumb”
Richard L. Kobus, AIA, FACHA
Senior Principal
One Brattle Square, P.O. Box 9114
Cambridge, MA 02138-9114
617-475-4000
www.tka-architects.com
© The New Yorker Collection 2003
Charles Barsotti from cartoonbank.com.
All Rights Reserved.
3
I N T R O D U C T I O N
Conventional “rules of thumb” drive designs to the outer fringes of what is necessary for the
majority of lab activity.
This session will demonstrate the implications of applying rules of thumb and provide tools to
challenge them in order to create better labs at lower costs.
Fig. 1 Designing for the extreme
Difficulthighly stable
Easy
Spectrum of Design Criteria
Lab
Act
ivit
ies
Difficulthighly contained
nano
P-c
hem
istry
chem
istry
bio-
chem
istry
engi
neer
ing
com
puta
tion
wet
bio
logy
geol
ogy
viva
riaB
L-3
BL-
4
4
C O N V E N T I O N A L P R A C T I C E # 1
#1 VIBRATION CONTROL
Conventional Practice: Design for 2000 mi/sec in all lab areas.
Implications: Steel cost and tonnage is higher than necessary — sometimes by as much as 50%.
Tools for Challenging Convention:
Results and Examples:
Fig. 4 Alternate framing
Fig. 3 Corridor placement
Fig. 5 Equipment placement
Fig. 2 Initial design
5
C O N V E N T I O N A L P R A C T I C E # 2
#2 PLUG LOADS
Conventional Practice: Design for 15–30 W/sf electrical load.
Implications: Overstated electrical demand creates a ripple effect of increasing costs for site utilities and
HVAC systems.
Tools for Challenging Convention:
Results and Examples:
Fig. 6 A vicious cycle
Fig. 7 Actual load versus design loads
6
C O N V E N T I O N A L P R A C T I C E # 3
#3 LOW-VOLUME FUME HOODS
Conventional Practice: Design fume hoods for 100 FPM assuming low-fl ow hoods are unproven.
Implications: More air and more energy are used to achieve marginal (if any) safety benefi ts.
Tools for Challenging Convention:
Results and Examples:
Fig. 8 Regular fume hood
Fig. 9 Low-fl ow fume hood
7
C O N V E N T I O N A L P R A C T I C E # 4
#4 FUME HOOD DIVERSITY
Conventional Practice: Assume no diversity for research fume hoods.
Implications: Zero diversity means poor laboratory practices are overcome by HVAC systems that are
overly expensive to build and operate.
Tools for Challenging Convention:
Results and Examples:
Fig. 10 Zero diversity
Fig. 11 Automatic closer
8
C O N V E N T I O N A L P R A C T I C E # 5
#5 MINIMUM FUME HOOD VENTILATION
Conventional Practice: Use 25 CFM/SF of hood deck for minimum ventilation.
Implications: Potential energy savings in unoccupied modes are not fully realized-with no appreciable
improvement in safety.
Tools for Challenging Convention:
Results and Examples:
Fig. 12 Minimum fl ow is based on deck area
9
C O N V E N T I O N A L P R A C T I C E # 6
#6 VENTILATION RATES
Conventional Practice: Rely on six to twelve air changes per hour
Implications: Designing for generic science results in systems that are oversized for their actual need.
Tools for Challenging Convention:
Results and Examples:
Fig. 13 Twelve air changes per hour Fig. 14 Six air changes per hour
Fig. 15 12 ACH acetone 5:1 Fig. 16 6 ACH acetone 5:1
10
C O N V E N T I O N A L P R A C T I C E # 7
#7 TEMPERATURE CONTROL
Conventional Practice: Segregate all air streams
Implications: Overly cautious design for contamination and stability results in wasteful energy practices.
Tools for Challenging Convention:
Results and Examples:
Fig. 17 Segregated air
Fig. 18 Borrowed air
Re-heat Coils(wastes energy usedto create 55º air)
Equipment RoomCooled
Open LabRe-heated
55º in 55º 55º
70º 70º 70º
70º out
11
C O N V E N T I O N A L P R A C T I C E # 8
#8 HEAT WHEELS FOR LABS
Conventional Practice: Assume heat wheels can’t be used for lab exhaust
Implications: Hasty risk assessment can prevent rational energy and capital-saving design measures.
Tools for Challenging Convention:
Results and Examples:
Fig. 19
Fig. 20
Summer
Exh
aust
Sup
ply
Exh
aust
Sup
ply
Winter
Exhaust Contaminants Exhaust Contamin
AHU AHU
70º50 RH
70º30 RH
90º70 RH
1010
12
C O N V E N T I O N A L P R A C T I C E # 9
#9 DAYLIGHTING AND TASK LIGHTING
Conventional Practice: Achieve light levels through overhead lighting
Implications: Overhead lighting placement can lead to higher than needed lighting power densities.
Tools for Challenging Convention:
Results and Examples:
Fig. 21 Overhead lighting
Fig. 22 Task lighting
13
C O N V E N T I O N A L P R A C T I C E # 1 0
#10 UTILITY DISTRIBUTION
Conventional Practice: Provide lab utilities to all areas of labs.
Implications: Overly fl exible labs can add to expense without providing the anticipated utility.
Tools for Challenging Convention:
Results and Examples:
Fig. 23
14
S P E A K E R S
Richard L. Kobus, AIA, FACHA
Senior Principal
A founding partner of Tsoi/Kobus & Associates, a 140-person architecture, planning and interior
design fi rm in Cambridge, Massachusetts, Rick has developed a national reputation for strategic
planning and design of highly complicated research facilities including the Earth and Planetary
Sciences Building at Washington University in St. Louis, the Translational and Biomedical
Research Center at Medical College of Wisconsin/Children’s Research Institute, the Centerra
Bio Labs for Dartmouth College, and the Center for Life Science Boston, Karp Family Research
Laboratories at Children’s Hospital Boston. With more than 30 years of experience, Rick is an
award-winning designer who believes that design should be a group effort and that everyone
involved is a valuable contributor — and he keeps the process moving forward through
consensus building and true partnering. He is a frequent presenter at conferences around
the country including Tradeline, Lab Design, International Facility Management Association,
Construction Owners Association of America, Build Boston, and Harvard University’s Graduate
School of Design.