FreshFreshVOLUME 41 l Summer Edition, 2013 | Environmental Health

BETTER SOLUTIONSBETTER PERFORMANCEMAKES A DIFFERENCE

FreshFresh Environmental HealthFreshFresh

At PerkinElmer, we make a difference We are equipped with the technologies everyday – helping scientists, clinicians like LCMS, TOF, Direct sample analyzer, and governments detect earlier and high end UV VIS NIR spectrometer, vari-more accurately to improve the health ous hyphenated techniques, IR micros-and safety of people and the environ- copy and imaging system to get more ment. Our solutions range from insights of the samples from renewable enabling the discovery of more effective energy sources, health care, automo-diagnostics and therapies, to making tive, chemicals, petrochemicals, food sure that the food we eat, the water and beverages etc.we drink, and our environment are safe

The state of the art technology centers from contaminants.at Thane (near Mumbai) and Hyderabad

The organizational structure is more effi- are unique to PerkinElmer. The top class the modern world regulations like USP cient and more customer centric. New scientific talents are working with the 232/233 for pharmaceuticals or EPA establishment of satellite offices latest systems to provide the value norms or ASTM D 1976. Pressure bal-at Kochi and Chandigarh are equipped added services to our esteemed cus-anced TurboMatrix head spaces sam-with the sales and service teams are tomer. The world class training facilities pling with Clarus GCs are widely used mainly to go closer to the customers. at these locations are used by the for residual solvents analysis as per USP We focus on the solutions which mar- experts to impart the operational train-<467> in many regulated labs. The ket needs through our technologies. TM ing to customers from various parts of

Spectrum Two FTIR and Frontier multi-the world.

range automated spectrometer were PerkinElmer’s expertise in the inorganic launched in the market keeping in mind spectroscopy and quality products pro- The service training academy for our the applications from various segments.vide the answers to the challenges of own service engineers is unique to

3

Making a difference for the better

Dear readers,

The Indian summer is almost set all over the sub-continent.

The scorching heat is making life more difficult for all living.

The level of ground water has gone low as never before.

The need of the time is to have clean water for everybody.

We bring this Fresh issue devoted for water and water

analysis.

PerkinElmer globally is working for human health and

environmental health. Water is part of life and

environment. There are various factors which make usable

water to use less water. Contaminants in water are major

issues and require to be detected. These are to be

maintained blow the limits so as to make use of water for

consumption and protect the environment.

Water pollution is a serious problem in India as almost 70

percent of its surface water resources and a growing

percentage of its groundwater reserves are contaminated

by biological, toxic, organic, and inorganic pollutants. In

many cases, these sources have been rendered unsafe for

human consumption as well as for other activities, such as

irrigation and industrial needs. This shows that degraded

water quality can contribute to water scarcity as it limits its

availability for both human use and for the ecosystem.

PerkinElmer technologies are being used worldwide for

analysis of water in various forms like tap water, drinking

water, and packaged drinking water, potable water,

laboratory water, ground water, saline water, sea water,

brine, steam, boiler feed water, process water, moisture

content, rain water, lake water etc.

Some of the articles in this edition are based on the analysis

done as per the regulations in the geographies mentioned

there in.

This edition also includes the highlights of PerkinElmer in

India to keep our esteemed customers updated so enjoy

the reading. Please do write to us your suggestions. We welcome the articles based on the industrial issues and its analytical solutions using PerkinElmer technologies; please do write to Marketing.India@perkinelmer.com

Team Marketing

PerkinElmer (India) Pvt. Ltd.

WHAT’S

Fresh inside...

Article . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

• Making a Difference for the better. . . . . . . . . . . . 3-4

• Determination of low lever BTEX in

drinking water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-6

• Epichlorohydrin in drinking water . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-8

• Driving productivity and increasing

speed of analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-10

Pg. no.

• Rapid determination of herbicides . . . . . . . . . . 11-12

• Water and environmental analysis . . . . . . . . . . 13-14

• Analysis of metals in process water . . . . . . . . . 15-16

• Determination of water content

in contact lenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17-18

Event update

• News update-Asia Pharma 2013-Dhaka . . . . . . . 19

FreshFresh Environmental HealthFreshFresh

At PerkinElmer, we make a difference We are equipped with the technologies everyday – helping scientists, clinicians like LCMS, TOF, Direct sample analyzer, and governments detect earlier and high end UV VIS NIR spectrometer, vari-more accurately to improve the health ous hyphenated techniques, IR micros-and safety of people and the environ- copy and imaging system to get more ment. Our solutions range from insights of the samples from renewable enabling the discovery of more effective energy sources, health care, automo-diagnostics and therapies, to making tive, chemicals, petrochemicals, food sure that the food we eat, the water and beverages etc.we drink, and our environment are safe

The state of the art technology centers from contaminants.at Thane (near Mumbai) and Hyderabad

The organizational structure is more effi- are unique to PerkinElmer. The top class the modern world regulations like USP cient and more customer centric. New scientific talents are working with the 232/233 for pharmaceuticals or EPA establishment of satellite offices latest systems to provide the value norms or ASTM D 1976. Pressure bal-at Kochi and Chandigarh are equipped added services to our esteemed cus-anced TurboMatrix head spaces sam-with the sales and service teams are tomer. The world class training facilities pling with Clarus GCs are widely used mainly to go closer to the customers. at these locations are used by the for residual solvents analysis as per USP We focus on the solutions which mar- experts to impart the operational train-<467> in many regulated labs. The ket needs through our technologies. TM ing to customers from various parts of

Spectrum Two FTIR and Frontier multi-the world.

range automated spectrometer were PerkinElmer’s expertise in the inorganic launched in the market keeping in mind spectroscopy and quality products pro- The service training academy for our the applications from various segments.vide the answers to the challenges of own service engineers is unique to

3

Making a difference for the better

Dear readers,

The Indian summer is almost set all over the sub-continent.

The scorching heat is making life more difficult for all living.

The level of ground water has gone low as never before.

The need of the time is to have clean water for everybody.

We bring this Fresh issue devoted for water and water

analysis.

PerkinElmer globally is working for human health and

environmental health. Water is part of life and

environment. There are various factors which make usable

water to use less water. Contaminants in water are major

issues and require to be detected. These are to be

maintained blow the limits so as to make use of water for

consumption and protect the environment.

Water pollution is a serious problem in India as almost 70

percent of its surface water resources and a growing

percentage of its groundwater reserves are contaminated

by biological, toxic, organic, and inorganic pollutants. In

many cases, these sources have been rendered unsafe for

human consumption as well as for other activities, such as

irrigation and industrial needs. This shows that degraded

water quality can contribute to water scarcity as it limits its

availability for both human use and for the ecosystem.

PerkinElmer technologies are being used worldwide for

analysis of water in various forms like tap water, drinking

water, and packaged drinking water, potable water,

laboratory water, ground water, saline water, sea water,

brine, steam, boiler feed water, process water, moisture

content, rain water, lake water etc.

Some of the articles in this edition are based on the analysis

done as per the regulations in the geographies mentioned

there in.

This edition also includes the highlights of PerkinElmer in

India to keep our esteemed customers updated so enjoy

the reading. Please do write to us your suggestions. We welcome the articles based on the industrial issues and its analytical solutions using PerkinElmer technologies; please do write to Marketing.India@perkinelmer.com

Team Marketing

PerkinElmer (India) Pvt. Ltd.

WHAT’S

Fresh inside...

Article . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

• Making a Difference for the better. . . . . . . . . . . . 3-4

• Determination of low lever BTEX in

drinking water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-6

• Epichlorohydrin in drinking water . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-8

• Driving productivity and increasing

speed of analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-10

Pg. no.

• Rapid determination of herbicides . . . . . . . . . . 11-12

• Water and environmental analysis . . . . . . . . . . 13-14

• Analysis of metals in process water . . . . . . . . . 15-16

• Determination of water content

in contact lenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17-18

Event update

• News update-Asia Pharma 2013-Dhaka . . . . . . . 19

Determination of low level BTEX in drinking water by Headspace Trap GC/MS

5

FreshFresh Environmental HealthFreshFresh

4

VOLUME 41 • Summer Edition, 2013

Organic compounds can be a major BTEX is a grouping of structurally pollution problem in groundwater. similar volatile organic compounds Their presence in water can create a including benzene, toluene, ethyl hazard to public health and the benzene and the three xylene isomers. environment. One of the most common These compounds are known sources for BTEX-contamination of soil pollutants and are typically found near and groundwater are spills involving petroleum production and storage the release of petroleum products such sites. BTEX are regulated toxic as gasoline, diesel fuel and lubricating compounds while benzene is also an and heating oil from leaking oil tanks. EPA target carcinogen. The Because of their polarity and very investigation of these compounds, soluble characteristics, the organic especially in drinking water at low chemicals (BTEX) of petroleum products levels, is critical to protect public health. will be able to enter the soil and This application note focuses on

plastics, nylon, insecticides, paints, groundwater systems and cause serious exceeding the current EPA detection

dyes, resins-glues, furniture wax, pollution problems. In present study, limit requirement for BTEX while

detergents and cosmeticswe report about the BTEX contaminant meeting and/or exceeding all other and their characteristics and also try to criteria in EPA method 524.2 for these • Auto exhaust and industrial provide information on what BTEX's analytes. emissions account for about 20% are, why they are a risk to human and of the total nationwide exposure

Benzene can be found in gasoline and environment. to benzene. Benzene can also be in products such as synthetic rubber,

Clarus SQ8 GCMS

PerkinElmer; where engineers get expo-sure to the system before they are han-dling the customer’s system at site. Con-tinuous efforts are being made to expe-dite the logistics through new ware-housing facility at Bangalore.

We have continuously updated and upgraded the facilities, knowledge and services for the valued customers in India and sub-continent. There are vari-ous contemporary products available in the market; but PerkinElmer quality products with the knowledge packed services make a difference for the better.

Bangalore warehouse facility

Determination of low level BTEX in drinking water by Headspace Trap GC/MS

5

FreshFresh Environmental HealthFreshFresh

4

VOLUME 41 • Summer Edition, 2013

Organic compounds can be a major BTEX is a grouping of structurally pollution problem in groundwater. similar volatile organic compounds Their presence in water can create a including benzene, toluene, ethyl hazard to public health and the benzene and the three xylene isomers. environment. One of the most common These compounds are known sources for BTEX-contamination of soil pollutants and are typically found near and groundwater are spills involving petroleum production and storage the release of petroleum products such sites. BTEX are regulated toxic as gasoline, diesel fuel and lubricating compounds while benzene is also an and heating oil from leaking oil tanks. EPA target carcinogen. The Because of their polarity and very investigation of these compounds, soluble characteristics, the organic especially in drinking water at low chemicals (BTEX) of petroleum products levels, is critical to protect public health. will be able to enter the soil and This application note focuses on

plastics, nylon, insecticides, paints, groundwater systems and cause serious exceeding the current EPA detection

dyes, resins-glues, furniture wax, pollution problems. In present study, limit requirement for BTEX while

detergents and cosmeticswe report about the BTEX contaminant meeting and/or exceeding all other and their characteristics and also try to criteria in EPA method 524.2 for these • Auto exhaust and industrial provide information on what BTEX's analytes. emissions account for about 20% are, why they are a risk to human and of the total nationwide exposure

Benzene can be found in gasoline and environment. to benzene. Benzene can also be in products such as synthetic rubber,

Clarus SQ8 GCMS

PerkinElmer; where engineers get expo-sure to the system before they are han-dling the customer’s system at site. Con-tinuous efforts are being made to expe-dite the logistics through new ware-housing facility at Bangalore.

We have continuously updated and upgraded the facilities, knowledge and services for the valued customers in India and sub-continent. There are vari-ous contemporary products available in the market; but PerkinElmer quality products with the knowledge packed services make a difference for the better.

Bangalore warehouse facility

7

Low-Level analysis of epichlorohydrin in drinking water by Headspace Trap-GC/MSEpichlorohydrin is an organochlorine temperature; hydrolysis is accelerated Epichlorohydrin can enter the organism compound and an epoxide. It is a color- by heat or in the presence of an acid. through a number of routes, including less liquid with a pungent, garlic-like The reaction between epichlorohydrin inhalation, skin contact, or ingestion. odor, moderately soluble in water, but and certain alkali metals or alkali earth It causes depression of the central ner-miscible with most polar organic sol- metals, such as iron and aluminum chlo- vous system and skin irritation as well vents. Epichlorohydrin (1-chloro-2, 3- rides, as well as metal powders (zinc, as irritation of the ocular and respira-epoxypropane) is a raw material used in aluminum, etc.), can be very violent or tory mucous membranes.the manufacture of various resins (ep- explosive.

Because of the toxicity, inflammability oxy resins, ion exchangers, etc.), elasto-Epichlorohydrin in drinking water has and high reactivity of epichlorohydrin, mers, and glycerol and its derivatives. the potential to negatively impact strict preventive and protective mea-Epichlorohydrin - based polymers are human health. Studies carried out on sures have been mandated. The law used as a coagulant in the treatment of rats established the LD50 (median lethal restricting its application is the Euro-water supplies. The presence of dose for 50% of the population) for pean Normative 98/83/EC concerning epichlorohydrin in water is caused by its oral administration of epichlorohydrin quality criteria for packaged water, spe-migration from various materials in con-at 90 mg/kg. Additionally, it has carci- cial treatment and labeling for pack-tact with the water, into the water nogenic properties: different types of aged mineral water and spring water, stream.tumors have been observed in rats and as well as spring water supplied in pub-

Resulting from the presence of a mice as a result of various administra- lic taprooms.chlorine atom and an epoxy bridge, tion routes and generally at high levels

This norm imposes a quality limit of 0.1 epichlorohydrin is highly reactive. of exposure (tumors of the nasal fossae, µg of epichlorohydrin per liter of water subcutaneous sarcoma, stomach can-

The molecule will tend to hydrolyze for packaged spring water and water cers, etc.).when in contact with water at ambient made drinkable by treatment. The work

FreshFreshFreshFresh VOLUME 41 • Summer Edition, 2013

6

found in cigarette smoke. About 20 times improved detection limits for ease of use, fast cycle times (72 50% of the entire nationwide this application. samples analyzed within a 12 hour exposure to benzene results from clock), instrument and method

The experimental conditions are can smoking tobacco robustness and optimal analytical be down loaded from our website performance

• Toluene occurs naturally as a www.perkinelmer.in. An Elite 624 component of many petroleum column (20 m x 0.18 mm x 1.0 µm) products. Toluene is used as a should be used in this application, solvent for paints, coatings, which is also the column of choice for gums, oils and resins several laboratories analyzing volatile

organic compounds by HS Trap. The • Ethylbenzene is used mostly as narrow bore, shorter, efficient column

a gasoline and aviation fuel aided in enhancing peak efficiency for additive. It may also be present shorter analysis time and signal-to noise in consumer products such as performance. Analyte equilibrium was paints, inks, plastics and empirically determined to be eight pesticides minutes.

• Xylene is a member of the BTEX Figure 1 presents a sample group of pollutants. Ortho-xylene chromatogram recorded at 4.0 parts is the only naturally-occurring per billion (ppb) acquiring in full scan. form of xylene, the other two Analytical results aredisplayed in Table forms are man-made. Xylenes 4 and include the 12-point calibration are colourless liquids, used in curve results, signal-to-noise recorded gasoline and as a solvent in for the 0.02 ppb standard and precision printing, rubber and leather measurements performed using 1.0 industries ppb standards.

To determine the BTEX content in the drinking water A PerkinElmer TurboMatrix™ Headspace (HS) sample handling system should be used to volatilize and concentrate BTEX in water samples. To enhance detection limits, an inline trap was employed, which focused these analytes prior to injection onto the analytical column.

®A PerkinElmer Clarus SQ 8S Gas Chromatograph Mass Spectrometer (GC/MS) configured with the standard capacity turbo molecular pump work

Figure 2 illustrates the excellent water station is the ideal system to get the management ability of the HS Trap best results.system. In these experiments, a two

The GC provided rapid cool down to minute dry purge completely isolated shorten the period between injections the water from the target analytes. A (more samples analyzed in a “clock”). three minute dry purge reduced water Using the temperature programmable levels to baseline intensity, however a low volume inlet improved peak quicker analytical method was the goal efficiency by reducing “dead” volume of this application so a longer dry purge and resulted in enhanced resolution, was avoided. This solution provides faster chromatography and improved contract laboratories with compelling detection limits. The PerkinElmer SQ8S reasons and benefits for investing in MS operating in full scan mode was this system, such as longer intervals used for this analysis, providing up to between system maintenance, operator

Figure 2.

INTO PRODUCTIVITY

TURNING POWERAND PERFORMANCE

AuthorLee Marotta, PerkinElmer, Inc. Shelton, CT 06484 USA

Figure 1.

Environmental Health

7

Low-Level analysis of epichlorohydrin in drinking water by Headspace Trap-GC/MSEpichlorohydrin is an organochlorine temperature; hydrolysis is accelerated Epichlorohydrin can enter the organism compound and an epoxide. It is a color- by heat or in the presence of an acid. through a number of routes, including less liquid with a pungent, garlic-like The reaction between epichlorohydrin inhalation, skin contact, or ingestion. odor, moderately soluble in water, but and certain alkali metals or alkali earth It causes depression of the central ner-miscible with most polar organic sol- metals, such as iron and aluminum chlo- vous system and skin irritation as well vents. Epichlorohydrin (1-chloro-2, 3- rides, as well as metal powders (zinc, as irritation of the ocular and respira-epoxypropane) is a raw material used in aluminum, etc.), can be very violent or tory mucous membranes.the manufacture of various resins (ep- explosive.

Because of the toxicity, inflammability oxy resins, ion exchangers, etc.), elasto-Epichlorohydrin in drinking water has and high reactivity of epichlorohydrin, mers, and glycerol and its derivatives. the potential to negatively impact strict preventive and protective mea-Epichlorohydrin - based polymers are human health. Studies carried out on sures have been mandated. The law used as a coagulant in the treatment of rats established the LD50 (median lethal restricting its application is the Euro-water supplies. The presence of dose for 50% of the population) for pean Normative 98/83/EC concerning epichlorohydrin in water is caused by its oral administration of epichlorohydrin quality criteria for packaged water, spe-migration from various materials in con-at 90 mg/kg. Additionally, it has carci- cial treatment and labeling for pack-tact with the water, into the water nogenic properties: different types of aged mineral water and spring water, stream.tumors have been observed in rats and as well as spring water supplied in pub-

Resulting from the presence of a mice as a result of various administra- lic taprooms.chlorine atom and an epoxy bridge, tion routes and generally at high levels

This norm imposes a quality limit of 0.1 epichlorohydrin is highly reactive. of exposure (tumors of the nasal fossae, µg of epichlorohydrin per liter of water subcutaneous sarcoma, stomach can-

The molecule will tend to hydrolyze for packaged spring water and water cers, etc.).when in contact with water at ambient made drinkable by treatment. The work

FreshFreshFreshFresh VOLUME 41 • Summer Edition, 2013

6

found in cigarette smoke. About 20 times improved detection limits for ease of use, fast cycle times (72 50% of the entire nationwide this application. samples analyzed within a 12 hour exposure to benzene results from clock), instrument and method

The experimental conditions are can smoking tobacco robustness and optimal analytical be down loaded from our website performance

• Toluene occurs naturally as a www.perkinelmer.in. An Elite 624 component of many petroleum column (20 m x 0.18 mm x 1.0 µm) products. Toluene is used as a should be used in this application, solvent for paints, coatings, which is also the column of choice for gums, oils and resins several laboratories analyzing volatile

organic compounds by HS Trap. The • Ethylbenzene is used mostly as narrow bore, shorter, efficient column

a gasoline and aviation fuel aided in enhancing peak efficiency for additive. It may also be present shorter analysis time and signal-to noise in consumer products such as performance. Analyte equilibrium was paints, inks, plastics and empirically determined to be eight pesticides minutes.

• Xylene is a member of the BTEX Figure 1 presents a sample group of pollutants. Ortho-xylene chromatogram recorded at 4.0 parts is the only naturally-occurring per billion (ppb) acquiring in full scan. form of xylene, the other two Analytical results aredisplayed in Table forms are man-made. Xylenes 4 and include the 12-point calibration are colourless liquids, used in curve results, signal-to-noise recorded gasoline and as a solvent in for the 0.02 ppb standard and precision printing, rubber and leather measurements performed using 1.0 industries ppb standards.

To determine the BTEX content in the drinking water A PerkinElmer TurboMatrix™ Headspace (HS) sample handling system should be used to volatilize and concentrate BTEX in water samples. To enhance detection limits, an inline trap was employed, which focused these analytes prior to injection onto the analytical column.

®A PerkinElmer Clarus SQ 8S Gas Chromatograph Mass Spectrometer (GC/MS) configured with the standard capacity turbo molecular pump work

Figure 2 illustrates the excellent water station is the ideal system to get the management ability of the HS Trap best results.system. In these experiments, a two

The GC provided rapid cool down to minute dry purge completely isolated shorten the period between injections the water from the target analytes. A (more samples analyzed in a “clock”). three minute dry purge reduced water Using the temperature programmable levels to baseline intensity, however a low volume inlet improved peak quicker analytical method was the goal efficiency by reducing “dead” volume of this application so a longer dry purge and resulted in enhanced resolution, was avoided. This solution provides faster chromatography and improved contract laboratories with compelling detection limits. The PerkinElmer SQ8S reasons and benefits for investing in MS operating in full scan mode was this system, such as longer intervals used for this analysis, providing up to between system maintenance, operator

Figure 2.

INTO PRODUCTIVITY

TURNING POWERAND PERFORMANCE

AuthorLee Marotta, PerkinElmer, Inc. Shelton, CT 06484 USA

Figure 1.

Environmental Health

FreshFreshFreshFresh

8 9

VOLUME 41 • Summer Edition, 2013

Driving productivity and increasing the speed of analysisCase Study instrument was identified as due for South West Water having over 1,225 renewal. The analytical team were look-employees across the South West of ing for an instrument that could be England., part of the Pennon Group relied upon to have minimum down-plc, was formed as a result of the pri- time and be a workhorse for high sam-vatization of the water industry in the ple throughput; but also offer flexibility UK in 1989. South West Water is to adapt to changing business require-responsible for maintaining and moni- ments and complete investigative work toring the quality of drinking water, if required. After the evaluation of the

®sewerage systems and bathing waters top three suppliers, the NexION 300 in line with the stringent UK and EU ICP-MS from PerkinElmer was selected. standards. Analytical services for the The flexibility offered by NexION having company are coordinated from a cen- both a collision and dynamic reaction

tight beam and helps to eliminate main-tral laboratory. cell ensures that the lab is future tenance whilst the patented proofed. Being fully prepared to handle

South West Water is responsible for Quadrupole Ion Defector (QID) ensures any changes in sample matrices and still maintaining and monitoring the quality that only ions are introduced into the benefit from sensitive, reproducible of drinking and bathing waters and the cell; giving a stable signal. results day in day out.sewage system network in a region of “It is really easy to get the cones out, England. They do this effectively South West Water can be assured of and how the QID works is significantly through a central analytical facility. maximum uptime and unsurpassed reli- different from other manufacturers” In early 2010, as part of the rolling ability with NexION. The innovative Tri- comments James Thomas, Analytical replacement programme, the ICP-MS ple Cone Interface (TCI) generates a Team Leader. Alan continues, “NexION

®NexION 300 ICPMS

presented here shows that the it possible to reach low-level detection TM and quantitation limits.TurboMatrix HS Trap-Clarus GC/MS

system will achieve the necessary 0.1 The chromatographic column used in

µg/L limit. The use of headspace sample this study was the PerkinElmer Elite-

introduction allows trace detection of ™WAX column (60m x 0.25mm x 0.5 epichlorohydrin to be quantified in µm). Helium was used as the carrier gas water without pre-treating the samples. in both the GC and HS Trap; the HS The typical signal-to-noise determined Trap controls the pressure of the carrier for a sample fortified with gas at the column head at the specified epichlorohydrin at 0.1 µg/L is 114:1. pressure of 25 psi. The mass spectrom-The system was successfully calibrated eter method for this analysis utilized sin-across a working range of 0.1 to 50

the Clarus GC/MS is an excellent instru-gle ion and full ion scanning (SIFI) µg/L with a linear calibration curve.mental platform for the low-level analy-mode. SIFI collects both single ion moni-sis of epichlorohydrin in water. This sys-The fused-silica transfer line from the toring data and full scan data simulta-tem virtually eliminates sample prepara-HS Trap is directly connected to the ana- neously, ensuring accurate identifica-tion by using headspace sample intro-lytical column with a glass butt connec- tion with full spectral data and duction. The application of adsorbent-tor – this eliminates dead volume and enhanced sensitivity from the selected trapping technology concentrates the transfers analytes to the GC without ion signal. The calibration solutions headspace and provides the sensitivity splitting or dilution. (For detailed experi- used in this analysis were prepared in needed to exceed the low-level thresh-mental conditions please write to water with a series of dilutions from a old required by the latest regulations.Marketing.India@perkinelmer.com) The stock solution. The stock solution was

TM prepared at 50 ppb–this low-level solu-TurboMatrix HS Trap allows for the tion reduces the exposure to excessively analysis of samples without extensive high concentrations of epichlorohydrin.sample preparation. The combination

of the static headspace technique with This study has shown that the combina-

a pre-concentration of samples on an tion of the TurboMatrix HS Trap with

adsorbent bed prior to injection makes

Courtsey Christophe Mattioda PerkinElmer, Inc.-16, av du Quebec91945 Courtaboeuf – France

TMTurboMatrix HS Trap-Clarus GC/MS system

Environmental Health

INNOVATIVE MASS DETECTORFOR UN PARALLEL DETECTIONCLARUS SQ 8 GC/MS

•

•

•

•

SMART source™Fastest conventional GC oven availableMost sensitive Clarifi™ detectorFewer Parts with greater Ease

Log on www.perkinelmer.in

FreshFreshFreshFresh

8 9

VOLUME 41 • Summer Edition, 2013

Driving productivity and increasing the speed of analysisCase Study instrument was identified as due for South West Water having over 1,225 renewal. The analytical team were look-employees across the South West of ing for an instrument that could be England., part of the Pennon Group relied upon to have minimum down-plc, was formed as a result of the pri- time and be a workhorse for high sam-vatization of the water industry in the ple throughput; but also offer flexibility UK in 1989. South West Water is to adapt to changing business require-responsible for maintaining and moni- ments and complete investigative work toring the quality of drinking water, if required. After the evaluation of the

®sewerage systems and bathing waters top three suppliers, the NexION 300 in line with the stringent UK and EU ICP-MS from PerkinElmer was selected. standards. Analytical services for the The flexibility offered by NexION having company are coordinated from a cen- both a collision and dynamic reaction

tight beam and helps to eliminate main-tral laboratory. cell ensures that the lab is future tenance whilst the patented proofed. Being fully prepared to handle

South West Water is responsible for Quadrupole Ion Defector (QID) ensures any changes in sample matrices and still maintaining and monitoring the quality that only ions are introduced into the benefit from sensitive, reproducible of drinking and bathing waters and the cell; giving a stable signal. results day in day out.sewage system network in a region of “It is really easy to get the cones out, England. They do this effectively South West Water can be assured of and how the QID works is significantly through a central analytical facility. maximum uptime and unsurpassed reli- different from other manufacturers” In early 2010, as part of the rolling ability with NexION. The innovative Tri- comments James Thomas, Analytical replacement programme, the ICP-MS ple Cone Interface (TCI) generates a Team Leader. Alan continues, “NexION

®NexION 300 ICPMS

presented here shows that the it possible to reach low-level detection TM and quantitation limits.TurboMatrix HS Trap-Clarus GC/MS

system will achieve the necessary 0.1 The chromatographic column used in

µg/L limit. The use of headspace sample this study was the PerkinElmer Elite-

introduction allows trace detection of ™WAX column (60m x 0.25mm x 0.5 epichlorohydrin to be quantified in µm). Helium was used as the carrier gas water without pre-treating the samples. in both the GC and HS Trap; the HS The typical signal-to-noise determined Trap controls the pressure of the carrier for a sample fortified with gas at the column head at the specified epichlorohydrin at 0.1 µg/L is 114:1. pressure of 25 psi. The mass spectrom-The system was successfully calibrated eter method for this analysis utilized sin-across a working range of 0.1 to 50

the Clarus GC/MS is an excellent instru-gle ion and full ion scanning (SIFI) µg/L with a linear calibration curve.mental platform for the low-level analy-mode. SIFI collects both single ion moni-sis of epichlorohydrin in water. This sys-The fused-silica transfer line from the toring data and full scan data simulta-tem virtually eliminates sample prepara-HS Trap is directly connected to the ana- neously, ensuring accurate identifica-tion by using headspace sample intro-lytical column with a glass butt connec- tion with full spectral data and duction. The application of adsorbent-tor – this eliminates dead volume and enhanced sensitivity from the selected trapping technology concentrates the transfers analytes to the GC without ion signal. The calibration solutions headspace and provides the sensitivity splitting or dilution. (For detailed experi- used in this analysis were prepared in needed to exceed the low-level thresh-mental conditions please write to water with a series of dilutions from a old required by the latest regulations.Marketing.India@perkinelmer.com) The stock solution. The stock solution was

TM prepared at 50 ppb–this low-level solu-TurboMatrix HS Trap allows for the tion reduces the exposure to excessively analysis of samples without extensive high concentrations of epichlorohydrin.sample preparation. The combination

of the static headspace technique with This study has shown that the combina-

a pre-concentration of samples on an tion of the TurboMatrix HS Trap with

adsorbent bed prior to injection makes

Courtsey Christophe Mattioda PerkinElmer, Inc.-16, av du Quebec91945 Courtaboeuf – France

TMTurboMatrix HS Trap-Clarus GC/MS system

Environmental Health

INNOVATIVE MASS DETECTORFOR UN PARALLEL DETECTIONCLARUS SQ 8 GC/MS

•

•

•

•

SMART source™Fastest conventional GC oven availableMost sensitive Clarifi™ detectorFewer Parts with greater Ease

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VOLUME 41 • Summer Edition, 2013

Drinking water containing a common widely used herbicide atrazine from Water polluted by herbicides leach and herbicide could pose a greater public water. Current techniques use activated runoff can cause human health prob-health risk than previously thought carbons - porous materials with excep- lems including cancer tumors, repro-because regular municipal monitoring tionally high surface areas - to remove duction deformity, disruption of the doesn't detect frequent spikes in the the atrazine. However the success of endocrine system and DNA damage. In chemical's levels. this is directly related to the pore size, Karakalpakia (Aral Sea region in central

and pores can often be blocked by Asia), the United Nations Environmental Atrazine, an endocrine disruptor, can other organic material. Protection Program (UNEP) attributed interfere with the body's hormonal the increase in cancer mortality by activity and the development of repro- Water supports the physiological activi- 200% and the increase of newborn ductive organs. The Environmental Pro- ties of any biological cell and is there- deformities back in the 1980’s to drink-tection Agency looks at annual average fore essential for life and the ing water that was contaminated by levels of the chemical in drinking-water biodiversity of our planet. There are pesticides. Around the world constant systems, but the Natural Resources three main sources of water: ocean monitoring is crucial for detecting harm-Defense Council (NRDC) says this water, surface water and ground water, ful levels of herbicides in drinking misses spikes likely to occur after rain among them, ground water stored in water.and springtime application of the herbi- aquifers makes up ninety percent of cide. drinkable water in the world and is the In the U.S., the Clean Water Act (CWA)

largest reservoir of fresh water on the regulates the discharge of pollutants A new technique for bringing herbi- planet. However, ground water is sus- into surface water. Furthermore the cides in water down to safe levels has ceptible to pollution by herbicides Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) been developed. University of Illinois widely used in agriculture to control has established limits for any pollutant have prepared a chemically active fibre unwanted plants. in drinking water. that acts as a filter to remove the

Rapid determination of nine common herbicides in drinking water using UHPLC

Environmental Health

has clearly been designed with the user past. The team find the system easy to South West Water, UK. Stated that “As in mind, with minimal and fast mainte- use and that by tuning the auto lens it PerkinElmer have a lot of credibility and nance”. gives the best sensitivity. The view of a strong track record in the area of envi-

the analytical team leader, James, is ronmental analysis we were not ner-The analysts at South West Water that the scheduler is a great tool for vous about being one of the first to buy found it easy to streamline their old pre-condition testing and will be bene- the new NexION ICP-MS. PerkinElmer methods to cover the required 28 ele- ficial during routine operations, saving delivered what they promised; low back-ments on the NexION, without increas- them time and ensuring consistent oper- ground, less maintenance and less ing samples times. Using the FAST sys- ating conditions. downtime.”tem, it is possible to further reduce cycle times, as they have done in the Alan Clark, Section Leader Chemistry,

TMNexION 300 Series ICP Mass SpectrometersTriple Quadrupole analyzerTriple cone interfaceThree modes of operation

Improves the sensitivity, flexibility and stability to leverage the true power of ICP-MS.Inorganic analysis solution for pharmaceuticals, environmental, agricultural, food and beverages, semiconductor industries

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10

VOLUME 41 • Summer Edition, 2013

Drinking water containing a common widely used herbicide atrazine from Water polluted by herbicides leach and herbicide could pose a greater public water. Current techniques use activated runoff can cause human health prob-health risk than previously thought carbons - porous materials with excep- lems including cancer tumors, repro-because regular municipal monitoring tionally high surface areas - to remove duction deformity, disruption of the doesn't detect frequent spikes in the the atrazine. However the success of endocrine system and DNA damage. In chemical's levels. this is directly related to the pore size, Karakalpakia (Aral Sea region in central

and pores can often be blocked by Asia), the United Nations Environmental Atrazine, an endocrine disruptor, can other organic material. Protection Program (UNEP) attributed interfere with the body's hormonal the increase in cancer mortality by activity and the development of repro- Water supports the physiological activi- 200% and the increase of newborn ductive organs. The Environmental Pro- ties of any biological cell and is there- deformities back in the 1980’s to drink-tection Agency looks at annual average fore essential for life and the ing water that was contaminated by levels of the chemical in drinking-water biodiversity of our planet. There are pesticides. Around the world constant systems, but the Natural Resources three main sources of water: ocean monitoring is crucial for detecting harm-Defense Council (NRDC) says this water, surface water and ground water, ful levels of herbicides in drinking misses spikes likely to occur after rain among them, ground water stored in water.and springtime application of the herbi- aquifers makes up ninety percent of cide. drinkable water in the world and is the In the U.S., the Clean Water Act (CWA)

largest reservoir of fresh water on the regulates the discharge of pollutants A new technique for bringing herbi- planet. However, ground water is sus- into surface water. Furthermore the cides in water down to safe levels has ceptible to pollution by herbicides Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) been developed. University of Illinois widely used in agriculture to control has established limits for any pollutant have prepared a chemically active fibre unwanted plants. in drinking water. that acts as a filter to remove the

Rapid determination of nine common herbicides in drinking water using UHPLC

Environmental Health

has clearly been designed with the user past. The team find the system easy to South West Water, UK. Stated that “As in mind, with minimal and fast mainte- use and that by tuning the auto lens it PerkinElmer have a lot of credibility and nance”. gives the best sensitivity. The view of a strong track record in the area of envi-

the analytical team leader, James, is ronmental analysis we were not ner-The analysts at South West Water that the scheduler is a great tool for vous about being one of the first to buy found it easy to streamline their old pre-condition testing and will be bene- the new NexION ICP-MS. PerkinElmer methods to cover the required 28 ele- ficial during routine operations, saving delivered what they promised; low back-ments on the NexION, without increas- them time and ensuring consistent oper- ground, less maintenance and less ing samples times. Using the FAST sys- ating conditions. downtime.”tem, it is possible to further reduce cycle times, as they have done in the Alan Clark, Section Leader Chemistry,

TMNexION 300 Series ICP Mass SpectrometersTriple Quadrupole analyzerTriple cone interfaceThree modes of operation

Improves the sensitivity, flexibility and stability to leverage the true power of ICP-MS.Inorganic analysis solution for pharmaceuticals, environmental, agricultural, food and beverages, semiconductor industries

Log on www.perkinelmer.in

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VOLUME 41 • Summer Edition, 2013

UV/Vis spectroscopy is an important advanced UVWinlab software, featuring UV/Vis spectrophotometers represent analytical technique used for the full 32-bit Windows compatibility. excellent choices for environmental determination of many water constitu- analysis. Not only do these units have

There are various preprogrammed ents. Environmental regulations in excellent performance, with double water and environmental methods many countries prescribe the use of beam optics and high resolution, but according to US EPA and/or US UV/Vis spectroscopy. Depending on the the availability of a wide range of cell Standard Methods for the Examination method, UV/Vis determinations of holders and accessories, including long of Water and Wastewater guidelines metal and organic nonmetal analytes in path cell holders, sippers, autosamplers, are available for the PerkinElmer water have a minimum detectability in and Peltier temperature controlled Lambda spectrometers operating with the ppb-ppm range. accessories, allows high sample UV Winlab V 5.1.5 or higher. throughput and enhanced assay

The Lambda 25 as well as the Lambda precision.The PerkinElmer Lambda 25/35/45 35 UV/Vis spectrophotometers are ideal for environmental analysis. These For those who want to have busy lab instruments not only have high optical instrument with analytical methods quality and excellent performance including calibration curves, once specifications, but offer a wide range of defined, can be stored and are ready accessories commonly used for water for use with one keystroke. With this analysis, including long pathlength cells method concept all photometric and cell holders, flow through sipper methods as recommended by national systems, autosamplers, and Peltier regulations can be performed reliably temperature controlled cell changers. and easily by PerkinElmer Lambda XLS The Lambda systems are completely and XLS+UV Visible spectrophotom-computer controlled through the eters

Water and environmental analysis using the Lambda UV/Vis Spectrophotometers

Lambda 25/35 UV VIS spectrometer

Environmental Health

® ®It is however in the best interest of local selection of a suitable wavelength set-Restek Pinnacle DB C18,3 µm, 100 x municipalities as well as the food indus- ting for the analysis. A spectral library 2.1 mm. The run time was approxi-tries to routinely test water to ensure its was created within Chromera using the mately eight minutes with a back pres-safety and compliance to regulations. standard solution run, and was used to sure of 8500 PSI (586 bar).

confirm the identity of the peaks in The environmental health team of In addition to the reduction of the run spiked water samples.PerkinElmer has made efforts to time and the solvent usage by half, the develop a quicker and simpler method PerkinElmer’s Chromera software offers resolutions of analyte peaks were for determining 9 commonly found her- many data acquisition and processing improved. The optimal flow rate was bicides in the drinking water using 3µ features: spectral library creation, and 1.0 mL/min. at a temperature of 50°C UHPLC column. The throughput is com- peak purity, spectra 3D and contour and an improved separation was pared to that of a conventional C18 maps, which are powerful tools for obtained. The final analysis was com-HPLC column. Method conditions and interrogating the information content pleted in eight min. With a total solvent performance data including precision of a 3D photodiode array usage of 8.0 mL per injection, an and linearity are presented. chromatogram. The spectral library impressive improvement from 16 min.

search function allowed the storage of Run time and 16.0 mL solvent usage A working solution containing 20-28 standard herbicides spectra, later used when the conventional HPLC column µg/mL of each herbicide was prepared for peaks identification and confirma-was used. This is important not only by dilution from neat material using tion in sample.because of the relatively high cost of water as a solvent. Precision was evalu-

HPLC-grade solvents, but also because ated with six injections of the working

far less solvent must be disposed of as standard. Linearity was determined

waste. This results in much lower cost across the range of 125-28000 µg/mL.

of ownership and a much “greener” A sample of purified water was spiked

laboratory operation.with the working standard to obtain a solution between 0.5-0.7 µg/mL. A A spectrum of each herbicide was PerkinElmer Flexar™ FX-15 UHPLC sys- obtained from the analysis of the stan-tem fitted with a Flexar FX PDA dard solution over a range of 190 nm photodiode array detector was used. to 700 nm, and the wavelength maxi-The separation was achieved using a mum was determined, enabling the

Courtsey Njies Pedjie PerkinElmer, Inc.-16, Shelton, CT 06484 USA

For detail method and instrumental parameters please write to marketing.india@perkinelmer.com or log on to www.perkinelmer.in

Wider selection of LC solutions with Flexar™ UHPLC From PerkinElmer

IN LC ANALYSIS

REACH FOR MORE

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12 13

VOLUME 41 • Summer Edition, 2013

UV/Vis spectroscopy is an important advanced UVWinlab software, featuring UV/Vis spectrophotometers represent analytical technique used for the full 32-bit Windows compatibility. excellent choices for environmental determination of many water constitu- analysis. Not only do these units have

There are various preprogrammed ents. Environmental regulations in excellent performance, with double water and environmental methods many countries prescribe the use of beam optics and high resolution, but according to US EPA and/or US UV/Vis spectroscopy. Depending on the the availability of a wide range of cell Standard Methods for the Examination method, UV/Vis determinations of holders and accessories, including long of Water and Wastewater guidelines metal and organic nonmetal analytes in path cell holders, sippers, autosamplers, are available for the PerkinElmer water have a minimum detectability in and Peltier temperature controlled Lambda spectrometers operating with the ppb-ppm range. accessories, allows high sample UV Winlab V 5.1.5 or higher. throughput and enhanced assay

The Lambda 25 as well as the Lambda precision.The PerkinElmer Lambda 25/35/45 35 UV/Vis spectrophotometers are ideal for environmental analysis. These For those who want to have busy lab instruments not only have high optical instrument with analytical methods quality and excellent performance including calibration curves, once specifications, but offer a wide range of defined, can be stored and are ready accessories commonly used for water for use with one keystroke. With this analysis, including long pathlength cells method concept all photometric and cell holders, flow through sipper methods as recommended by national systems, autosamplers, and Peltier regulations can be performed reliably temperature controlled cell changers. and easily by PerkinElmer Lambda XLS The Lambda systems are completely and XLS+UV Visible spectrophotom-computer controlled through the eters

Water and environmental analysis using the Lambda UV/Vis Spectrophotometers

Lambda 25/35 UV VIS spectrometer

Environmental Health

® ®It is however in the best interest of local selection of a suitable wavelength set-Restek Pinnacle DB C18,3 µm, 100 x municipalities as well as the food indus- ting for the analysis. A spectral library 2.1 mm. The run time was approxi-tries to routinely test water to ensure its was created within Chromera using the mately eight minutes with a back pres-safety and compliance to regulations. standard solution run, and was used to sure of 8500 PSI (586 bar).

confirm the identity of the peaks in The environmental health team of In addition to the reduction of the run spiked water samples.PerkinElmer has made efforts to time and the solvent usage by half, the develop a quicker and simpler method PerkinElmer’s Chromera software offers resolutions of analyte peaks were for determining 9 commonly found her- many data acquisition and processing improved. The optimal flow rate was bicides in the drinking water using 3µ features: spectral library creation, and 1.0 mL/min. at a temperature of 50°C UHPLC column. The throughput is com- peak purity, spectra 3D and contour and an improved separation was pared to that of a conventional C18 maps, which are powerful tools for obtained. The final analysis was com-HPLC column. Method conditions and interrogating the information content pleted in eight min. With a total solvent performance data including precision of a 3D photodiode array usage of 8.0 mL per injection, an and linearity are presented. chromatogram. The spectral library impressive improvement from 16 min.

search function allowed the storage of Run time and 16.0 mL solvent usage A working solution containing 20-28 standard herbicides spectra, later used when the conventional HPLC column µg/mL of each herbicide was prepared for peaks identification and confirma-was used. This is important not only by dilution from neat material using tion in sample.because of the relatively high cost of water as a solvent. Precision was evalu-

HPLC-grade solvents, but also because ated with six injections of the working

far less solvent must be disposed of as standard. Linearity was determined

waste. This results in much lower cost across the range of 125-28000 µg/mL.

of ownership and a much “greener” A sample of purified water was spiked

laboratory operation.with the working standard to obtain a solution between 0.5-0.7 µg/mL. A A spectrum of each herbicide was PerkinElmer Flexar™ FX-15 UHPLC sys- obtained from the analysis of the stan-tem fitted with a Flexar FX PDA dard solution over a range of 190 nm photodiode array detector was used. to 700 nm, and the wavelength maxi-The separation was achieved using a mum was determined, enabling the

Courtsey Njies Pedjie PerkinElmer, Inc.-16, Shelton, CT 06484 USA

For detail method and instrumental parameters please write to marketing.india@perkinelmer.com or log on to www.perkinelmer.in

Wider selection of LC solutions with Flexar™ UHPLC From PerkinElmer

IN LC ANALYSIS

REACH FOR MORE

CHOICES

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Analysis of metals in process/formation water samples – ASTM D 1976Process water refers to water used in industry. Most of the times the Otherwise the process of analyzing

manufacturing processes such as requirement is to analyze more than samples would become a tedious job

rinsing, plating, spraying, coating, 15-20 elements in the samples. Any as it will involve a lot of dilution

cooling, washing, boiler water make- atomic spectroscopy techniques can be depending up on the type of sample.

up, cooling tower make-up, etc. Metal used for this purpose. TMThe PerkinElmer Optima 8300 ICP-ions dissolved in the water may cause

As the number of elements needs to be OES incorporated with the revolution-spotting, fouling, streaking, interfer-

analyzed is quite high AAS techniques ary flat plate technology coupled with ence with adherence, scaling, product

are not preferred for such type of an in-line auto-dilution/calibration contamination or other undesirable

analysis. Such samples would have lot system for the analysis of formation effects which affect quality of the

of high TDS levels and this would make water samples as per the ASTM D product or the cost to manufacture it.

ICP-OES to have an edge over ICPMS 1976. The dual view nature of the Water quality may be associated with

for analyzing such samples. Optima 8300 along with the auto high energy costs; for example, de-

integration capability gives a very good The challenges associated with ICP-OES mineralizing water going to a boiler linear dynamic range for all metals of for this type of sample analysis are that may reduce fuel consumption markedly interest. Additionally the auto dilution the concentration of different metal by allowing operation at much higher capability of the prep FAST system ions can vary from a few µg/L to several cycles of concentration. So it is very helps the end user to further do this 100 mg/L. So the instrument used for important to do the analysis of metal analysis in a much effective manner analyzing such samples would have a ions in process water samples. The ever than before.very wide linear dynamic range. requirement may vary from industry to

TM

VOLUME 41 • Summer Edition, 2013

14

PerkinElmer Lambda XLS and XLS+UV Visible spectropho-tometersIs spectrophotometers have been specially designed for academic and industrial laboratories that require small-footprint, dedicated instrumenta-tion for a wide range of applications and offers complete and easy to use facilities for quantita-tive analysis. UV/V is spectroscopy is an important analytical technique used for the determination of many water constituents. National regulations in many countries prescribe the use of UV/Vis spectroscopy for the analysis of water constituents as listed in Table 1.

The present publication describes important analytical methods using UV/Vis spectroscopy. All methods are based on the U.S. EPA standard methods. Most of the limits and standard values listed in Table 1 can be measured using LAMBDA XLS+ UV/Vis spectroscopy with the methods described. The method detection limit is determined as per the guideline given under 40 CFR Part 136 Appendix B

routine measurement in the field of into the spectrometer. No further water and environmental UV/Vis programming or methods development analysis. is necessary. When these methods are

stored in the instrument it is only Basic methods in the instrument are necessary to call up the requested ‘Single Wavelength’, ‘Multi method, which sets all necessary Wavelength’, ‘Spectrum’, ‘Concentra- instrument parameters and makes it The instrument includes built-in basic tion’, ‘Standard Curve’, ‘Kinetics’ and ready for the respective analysis.methods for spectra recording, ‘Absorbance Ratio’.

wavelength programming, kinetics and quantitative analysis. These basic In the field of water analysis the basic methods can be modified by the user method ‘Standard Curve’ plays an according to specific analytical important role. It comprises a program demands and can be stored as ready- for quantitative photometric analysis to-use methods in the instrument. including multistandard calibration and There is facility for 90 methods can flexible curve fitting. For the LAMBDA be stored in the instrument. This XLS instrument it is easily possible to principle is well suited for all kinds of load ready-to-use, predefined methods

Lambda XLS/XLS + UV VIS spectrometer

Meth Analytical Reference MDL U. S. Limits Parameter Method

od forDrinking Water

1)MCL [mg/L]

1 Ammonia- Nesselerization 0.030 -

2)2 Chromium Diphenyl- 0.003 0.1

3 Chemical 410.4 22.000 -

3)4 Iron Phenathroline 0.015 0.3

4)5 Nitrate/ Sulfanilamide/ 0.007 10

6 Nitrate- Sulfanilamide/ 0.002 1

7 Phosphorus Molybdenum blue, 0.005 -

8 Phosphorus Molybdenum blue, 0.005 -

2)9 Sulfate Turbidimetric as 0.400 250

10 Tubidity Formazine, 3.500 5NTU

Nitrogen (APHA 4500)

(VI) cabazide (APHA 3500)

Oxygen Demand (COD)

Nitrate-Nitrigen ethylenediamine

with Cd reduction(353.3)

Nitrigenethylenediamine (354.1)

single reagent (365.2)

two reagent (365.3)

barium sulfate (375.4)

Nephelometric (180.1)

1) MCL = Maximum contaminant level in mg/L2) Total Chromium3) Secondary maximum contaminant level-not enforceable, only a guideline4) The sum of Nitrate plus Nitrite

Table 1: Summary of analytical methods for U. S. regulations for water and environmental analysis along with method detection limit obtained.

For detailed analytical conditions and sampling chemistry for various above parameters; please write to marketing.india@perkinelmer.com or visit our website www.perkinelmer.in

Environmental Health

FreshFresh

15

FreshFresh

Analysis of metals in process/formation water samples – ASTM D 1976Process water refers to water used in industry. Most of the times the Otherwise the process of analyzing

manufacturing processes such as requirement is to analyze more than samples would become a tedious job

rinsing, plating, spraying, coating, 15-20 elements in the samples. Any as it will involve a lot of dilution

cooling, washing, boiler water make- atomic spectroscopy techniques can be depending up on the type of sample.

up, cooling tower make-up, etc. Metal used for this purpose. TMThe PerkinElmer Optima 8300 ICP-ions dissolved in the water may cause

As the number of elements needs to be OES incorporated with the revolution-spotting, fouling, streaking, interfer-

analyzed is quite high AAS techniques ary flat plate technology coupled with ence with adherence, scaling, product

are not preferred for such type of an in-line auto-dilution/calibration contamination or other undesirable

analysis. Such samples would have lot system for the analysis of formation effects which affect quality of the

of high TDS levels and this would make water samples as per the ASTM D product or the cost to manufacture it.

ICP-OES to have an edge over ICPMS 1976. The dual view nature of the Water quality may be associated with

for analyzing such samples. Optima 8300 along with the auto high energy costs; for example, de-

integration capability gives a very good The challenges associated with ICP-OES mineralizing water going to a boiler linear dynamic range for all metals of for this type of sample analysis are that may reduce fuel consumption markedly interest. Additionally the auto dilution the concentration of different metal by allowing operation at much higher capability of the prep FAST system ions can vary from a few µg/L to several cycles of concentration. So it is very helps the end user to further do this 100 mg/L. So the instrument used for important to do the analysis of metal analysis in a much effective manner analyzing such samples would have a ions in process water samples. The ever than before.very wide linear dynamic range. requirement may vary from industry to

TM

VOLUME 41 • Summer Edition, 2013

14

PerkinElmer Lambda XLS and XLS+UV Visible spectropho-tometersIs spectrophotometers have been specially designed for academic and industrial laboratories that require small-footprint, dedicated instrumenta-tion for a wide range of applications and offers complete and easy to use facilities for quantita-tive analysis. UV/V is spectroscopy is an important analytical technique used for the determination of many water constituents. National regulations in many countries prescribe the use of UV/Vis spectroscopy for the analysis of water constituents as listed in Table 1.

The present publication describes important analytical methods using UV/Vis spectroscopy. All methods are based on the U.S. EPA standard methods. Most of the limits and standard values listed in Table 1 can be measured using LAMBDA XLS+ UV/Vis spectroscopy with the methods described. The method detection limit is determined as per the guideline given under 40 CFR Part 136 Appendix B

routine measurement in the field of into the spectrometer. No further water and environmental UV/Vis programming or methods development analysis. is necessary. When these methods are

stored in the instrument it is only Basic methods in the instrument are necessary to call up the requested ‘Single Wavelength’, ‘Multi method, which sets all necessary Wavelength’, ‘Spectrum’, ‘Concentra- instrument parameters and makes it The instrument includes built-in basic tion’, ‘Standard Curve’, ‘Kinetics’ and ready for the respective analysis.methods for spectra recording, ‘Absorbance Ratio’.

wavelength programming, kinetics and quantitative analysis. These basic In the field of water analysis the basic methods can be modified by the user method ‘Standard Curve’ plays an according to specific analytical important role. It comprises a program demands and can be stored as ready- for quantitative photometric analysis to-use methods in the instrument. including multistandard calibration and There is facility for 90 methods can flexible curve fitting. For the LAMBDA be stored in the instrument. This XLS instrument it is easily possible to principle is well suited for all kinds of load ready-to-use, predefined methods

Lambda XLS/XLS + UV VIS spectrometer

Meth Analytical Reference MDL U. S. Limits Parameter Method

od forDrinking Water

1)MCL [mg/L]

1 Ammonia- Nesselerization 0.030 -

2)2 Chromium Diphenyl- 0.003 0.1

3 Chemical 410.4 22.000 -

3)4 Iron Phenathroline 0.015 0.3

4)5 Nitrate/ Sulfanilamide/ 0.007 10

6 Nitrate- Sulfanilamide/ 0.002 1

7 Phosphorus Molybdenum blue, 0.005 -

8 Phosphorus Molybdenum blue, 0.005 -

2)9 Sulfate Turbidimetric as 0.400 250

10 Tubidity Formazine, 3.500 5NTU

Nitrogen (APHA 4500)

(VI) cabazide (APHA 3500)

Oxygen Demand (COD)

Nitrate-Nitrigen ethylenediamine

with Cd reduction(353.3)

Nitrigenethylenediamine (354.1)

single reagent (365.2)

two reagent (365.3)

barium sulfate (375.4)

Nephelometric (180.1)

1) MCL = Maximum contaminant level in mg/L2) Total Chromium3) Secondary maximum contaminant level-not enforceable, only a guideline4) The sum of Nitrate plus Nitrite

Table 1: Summary of analytical methods for U. S. regulations for water and environmental analysis along with method detection limit obtained.

For detailed analytical conditions and sampling chemistry for various above parameters; please write to marketing.india@perkinelmer.com or visit our website www.perkinelmer.in

Environmental Health

FreshFreshFreshFresh VOLUME 41 • Summer Edition, 2013

Determination of water content of contact lenses by FT-NIR“Hard” lenses were the original contact Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide) whereas The original soft contact lenses are

lenses made several decades ago from PMMA is completely impermeable to now often referred to as “Low Water

a plastic called PMMA. For a long time gases. “Soft” contact lenses are Content” soft lenses and contain

they were the only kind of lens (if you completely different in that they are roughly 38% water when hydrated.

exclude the glass ones developed slightly larger, flexible and made of Manufacturers have spent time and

during the early part of this century and materials which soak up water. In fact resources perfecting the use of plastics

used as recently as Word War II!) but the uptake of water is what allows soft used in lenses and as a result the water

they are seldom used anymore as they lenses to transmit Oxygen to the content has risen.

have several drawbacks and have been cornea, the plastic itself being imper-Quality assurance of the water content

superseded by “Rigid” (also known as meable. The water also gives them their of contact lenses is needed to ensure

“Gas Permeable”) lenses. In fact, when flexibility - if you let a soft lens dry out comfort and performance for the

people say hard lenses they are most it does become quite brittle.wearer. Historically, water content in

likely referring to the gas permeable Soft lenses soak up water, and it this contact lenses has been determined

type. Gas permeable lenses are similar water which allows the eye to gravimetrically and analysis takes about

to hard lenses in design and appear-“breathe” through the contact lens. twelve hours per sample. In contrast,

ance, however as the name suggests Therefore the more water you can FT-NIR determination takes about two

the material they are made of is make the lens soak up then the easier minutes per sample. This paper

permeable to gases (most importantly it is for the Oxygen to pass through it. describes how FT-NIR increases speed

16 17

By combining an SCD detector and an

echelle optical system, the Optima

8300 ICP-OES can measure all wave-

lengths simultaneously. Its wavelength

flexibility allows the end users to easily

add new elements or wavelengths as

their program changes. Another benefit

of using the Optima 8300 is that it uses

the revolutionary flat plate technology

for plasma generation. The new

technology reduces the argon gas samples. Some of the benefits of this consumption exactly to half when approach for the demands of a high-compared with any other ICP-OES throughput in the laboratory include: available in the market today. The • Real time dilutions up to 200-fold optima 8300 uses a 40 MHz free- • Dilution in valve head

• Elimination of the errors running solid state RF generator associated with manual dilution designed to run from 750 to 1500 steps watts in 1 watt increments. High RF

• Reduction of reagent volumes power is required to generate robust required for high dilution factors

plasma which is essential for precise • Rapid uptake and washout

analysis of high matrix samples such • Reduced risk of contaminationas process water. The ICP torch is

The detailed configuration and method physically mounted in a vertical parameters are available in the orientation within the shielded torch application note. The advantages with box, and can be viewed radially.the combination of these two powerful

The prep FAST (Figure 2) is an auto- systems are that the end user needs to dilution system that is fully-integrated prepare just one stock standard with the Optima 8300 ICP-OES for in- solution. Calibration standards will be line auto-dilution of sample and stock prepared by automatic dilution in the standard solutions. Solutions are rapidly prep FAST system. This enables and reproducibly vacuum loaded from accurate, fast, and reproducible and each autosampler location into a contamination free analysis. sample loop. The system is used to

TMauto-calibrate the Optima 8300 ICP-

OES and perform in-line dilutions of

TMPerkinElmer Optima 8300 ICP-OES spectrometer

CourtseyPraveen Sarojam (PhD), Emphor Science Park, Dubai, U.A.E

Please do write to marketing.india@perkinelmer.com for more details.

Environmental Health

FreshFreshFreshFresh VOLUME 41 • Summer Edition, 2013

Determination of water content of contact lenses by FT-NIR“Hard” lenses were the original contact Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide) whereas The original soft contact lenses are

lenses made several decades ago from PMMA is completely impermeable to now often referred to as “Low Water

a plastic called PMMA. For a long time gases. “Soft” contact lenses are Content” soft lenses and contain

they were the only kind of lens (if you completely different in that they are roughly 38% water when hydrated.

exclude the glass ones developed slightly larger, flexible and made of Manufacturers have spent time and

during the early part of this century and materials which soak up water. In fact resources perfecting the use of plastics

used as recently as Word War II!) but the uptake of water is what allows soft used in lenses and as a result the water

they are seldom used anymore as they lenses to transmit Oxygen to the content has risen.

have several drawbacks and have been cornea, the plastic itself being imper-Quality assurance of the water content

superseded by “Rigid” (also known as meable. The water also gives them their of contact lenses is needed to ensure

“Gas Permeable”) lenses. In fact, when flexibility - if you let a soft lens dry out comfort and performance for the

people say hard lenses they are most it does become quite brittle.wearer. Historically, water content in

likely referring to the gas permeable Soft lenses soak up water, and it this contact lenses has been determined

type. Gas permeable lenses are similar water which allows the eye to gravimetrically and analysis takes about

to hard lenses in design and appear-“breathe” through the contact lens. twelve hours per sample. In contrast,

ance, however as the name suggests Therefore the more water you can FT-NIR determination takes about two

the material they are made of is make the lens soak up then the easier minutes per sample. This paper

permeable to gases (most importantly it is for the Oxygen to pass through it. describes how FT-NIR increases speed

16 17

By combining an SCD detector and an

echelle optical system, the Optima

8300 ICP-OES can measure all wave-

lengths simultaneously. Its wavelength

flexibility allows the end users to easily

add new elements or wavelengths as

their program changes. Another benefit

of using the Optima 8300 is that it uses

the revolutionary flat plate technology

for plasma generation. The new

technology reduces the argon gas samples. Some of the benefits of this consumption exactly to half when approach for the demands of a high-compared with any other ICP-OES throughput in the laboratory include: available in the market today. The • Real time dilutions up to 200-fold optima 8300 uses a 40 MHz free- • Dilution in valve head

• Elimination of the errors running solid state RF generator associated with manual dilution designed to run from 750 to 1500 steps watts in 1 watt increments. High RF

• Reduction of reagent volumes power is required to generate robust required for high dilution factors

plasma which is essential for precise • Rapid uptake and washout

analysis of high matrix samples such • Reduced risk of contaminationas process water. The ICP torch is

The detailed configuration and method physically mounted in a vertical parameters are available in the orientation within the shielded torch application note. The advantages with box, and can be viewed radially.the combination of these two powerful

The prep FAST (Figure 2) is an auto- systems are that the end user needs to dilution system that is fully-integrated prepare just one stock standard with the Optima 8300 ICP-OES for in- solution. Calibration standards will be line auto-dilution of sample and stock prepared by automatic dilution in the standard solutions. Solutions are rapidly prep FAST system. This enables and reproducibly vacuum loaded from accurate, fast, and reproducible and each autosampler location into a contamination free analysis. sample loop. The system is used to

TMauto-calibrate the Optima 8300 ICP-

OES and perform in-line dilutions of

TMPerkinElmer Optima 8300 ICP-OES spectrometer

CourtseyPraveen Sarojam (PhD), Emphor Science Park, Dubai, U.A.E

Please do write to marketing.india@perkinelmer.com for more details.

Environmental Health

FreshFreshFreshFresh VOLUME 41 • Summer Edition, 2013

of analysis while maintaining equiva- of contact lenses ranging from 24-58%

lence with the gravimetric technique. water.

Samples were run on a PerkinElmer Analysis was run using the PerkinElmer

Spectrum™ 100N FT-NIR System. The QUANT+ software package. This

instrument was fitted with a custom package is a multi-component quantita-

mount that used the lens mount on a tive analysis package based on principal

sample card*. Samples were run in component regression. For improved

transmission mode. The background data pre-processing, extensive data pre-

was run with fixture in place and then treatment algorithms are available

samples were run. The lens was taken within QUANT+ that have been further

out of the package and mounted on enhanced with Standard Normal measurement technique. The samples the fixture. Excess water was drawn off Variate (SNV) and de-tending (DT),

® were compared to the specified value state-of-the-art algorithms for NIR using a Kimwipe . An accumulation of and not an independently determined method development. In addition to four scans was taken for each sample value of the standards. Samples can be measuring concentrations, Spectrum and were scanned from 10000 to 4000 run in about 2 minutes. QUANT+ can relate spectral data to cm . Figure 2 shows the spectra of the -1

physical properties of the sample being six different lens types. This NIR technique is a fast method for analyzed. Up to fifteen properties may determining the water content of The samples were processed through be determined and up to 150 standards

TM contact lenses to an accuracy of ~1% the PerkinElmer QUANT+ (Principle may be used in the calibration set. The assuming precise mounting of the analytical wavelength range was from sample on the holder and removal of

-17957 to 4527 cm (Figure 3). the excess surface water.

The results were within 1% of the

specified value. As expected, the

greatest variation was at the lower end

with 24% water content showing a

standard deviation of .7 or about 3.4%.

The remaining lenses showed ~1%

variation or less. Accuracy is better than Component Analysis) program and reported since all of the error in the results recorded. Calibration was done analysis was assigned to the FT-NIR on five standards from different types

Figure 3. Analytical wavelength rage set -1from 7957 to 4527 cm .

Frontier FTNIR spectrometer

Table 1. Results of Predicted vs. Specified Water Content Sample of Contact Lenses.

Sample Type 1 Type 2 Type 3 Type 4 Type 5# (58%) (48%) (48%) (37%) (24%)

1 57.84 47.94 48.41 36.75 24.93

2 57.7 48.19 46.58 36.57 24.5

3 57.72 49.86 48.71 36.86 23.48

4 57.47 48.45 48 36.98 24.7

5 57.87 46.35 48.03 37.79 22.86

6 57.78 48.28 49.34 37.07 23.89

Average57.81 48.11 48.875 36.91 24.41

StdDev 0.143 1.123 0.926 0.423 0.744

18 19

Minister's visit to PerkinElmer boothPerkinElmer India participated in Asia to the growing market in the sub- We were honored to have Prof. AFM

Pharma Expo 2013 the biggest Pharma continent. Ruhal Haque, Member of the th Parliament, Minister of Health and show in Bangladesh. The 10 interna-

The exhibition had attracted all the Family Welfare, Government of the tional Expo exhibition in South Asian

major and minor pharmaceutical People's Republic of Bangladesh who Pharmaceutical markets held at Banga

manufacturing companies, testing labs took special interest in our instruments bhandu International conference

and academic institutions of which were displayed. Mr. Subhashish center, Dhaka between 23-25 February,

Bangladesh inspite of political distur-received him at the booth and briefed 2013. The PerkinElmer India team with

bance. The Indian team was consisting the Minister about PerkinElmer’s role in good planning and co-ordination

of Santosh Reddy, Technical Specialist, human health and environmental between sales, product, marketing

Naga Bhusanam Patti, Technical health through technology and team and support from our Bangladesh

Specialist and Subhashish Mukherjee, solutions. The Asia Pharma Expo ended business Partner M/S Saka International

Sales Leader-Channels. thLimited displayed spectacular presence on 25 February with good note.

Event updates

Subhashish briefing the health minister Attendees listening with rapt attention

Asia Pharma 2013 – Dhaka Bangladesh

Environmental Health

APPLICATIONS

BETTER SOLUTIONS FOR DEMANDING

Figure 1. Contact lens mount.

Figure 2. Spectra of 6 different lens types.

FreshFreshFreshFresh VOLUME 41 • Summer Edition, 2013

of analysis while maintaining equiva- of contact lenses ranging from 24-58%

lence with the gravimetric technique. water.

Samples were run on a PerkinElmer Analysis was run using the PerkinElmer

Spectrum™ 100N FT-NIR System. The QUANT+ software package. This

instrument was fitted with a custom package is a multi-component quantita-

mount that used the lens mount on a tive analysis package based on principal

sample card*. Samples were run in component regression. For improved

transmission mode. The background data pre-processing, extensive data pre-

was run with fixture in place and then treatment algorithms are available

samples were run. The lens was taken within QUANT+ that have been further

out of the package and mounted on enhanced with Standard Normal measurement technique. The samples the fixture. Excess water was drawn off Variate (SNV) and de-tending (DT),

® were compared to the specified value state-of-the-art algorithms for NIR using a Kimwipe . An accumulation of and not an independently determined method development. In addition to four scans was taken for each sample value of the standards. Samples can be measuring concentrations, Spectrum and were scanned from 10000 to 4000 run in about 2 minutes. QUANT+ can relate spectral data to cm . Figure 2 shows the spectra of the -1

physical properties of the sample being six different lens types. This NIR technique is a fast method for analyzed. Up to fifteen properties may determining the water content of The samples were processed through be determined and up to 150 standards

TM contact lenses to an accuracy of ~1% the PerkinElmer QUANT+ (Principle may be used in the calibration set. The assuming precise mounting of the analytical wavelength range was from sample on the holder and removal of

-17957 to 4527 cm (Figure 3). the excess surface water.

The results were within 1% of the

specified value. As expected, the

greatest variation was at the lower end

with 24% water content showing a

standard deviation of .7 or about 3.4%.

The remaining lenses showed ~1%

variation or less. Accuracy is better than Component Analysis) program and reported since all of the error in the results recorded. Calibration was done analysis was assigned to the FT-NIR on five standards from different types

Figure 3. Analytical wavelength rage set -1from 7957 to 4527 cm .

Frontier FTNIR spectrometer

Table 1. Results of Predicted vs. Specified Water Content Sample of Contact Lenses.

Sample Type 1 Type 2 Type 3 Type 4 Type 5# (58%) (48%) (48%) (37%) (24%)

1 57.84 47.94 48.41 36.75 24.93

2 57.7 48.19 46.58 36.57 24.5

3 57.72 49.86 48.71 36.86 23.48

4 57.47 48.45 48 36.98 24.7

5 57.87 46.35 48.03 37.79 22.86

6 57.78 48.28 49.34 37.07 23.89

Average57.81 48.11 48.875 36.91 24.41

StdDev 0.143 1.123 0.926 0.423 0.744

18 19

Minister's visit to PerkinElmer boothPerkinElmer India participated in Asia to the growing market in the sub- We were honored to have Prof. AFM

Pharma Expo 2013 the biggest Pharma continent. Ruhal Haque, Member of the th Parliament, Minister of Health and show in Bangladesh. The 10 interna-

The exhibition had attracted all the Family Welfare, Government of the tional Expo exhibition in South Asian

major and minor pharmaceutical People's Republic of Bangladesh who Pharmaceutical markets held at Banga

manufacturing companies, testing labs took special interest in our instruments bhandu International conference

and academic institutions of which were displayed. Mr. Subhashish center, Dhaka between 23-25 February,

Bangladesh inspite of political distur-received him at the booth and briefed 2013. The PerkinElmer India team with

bance. The Indian team was consisting the Minister about PerkinElmer’s role in good planning and co-ordination

of Santosh Reddy, Technical Specialist, human health and environmental between sales, product, marketing

Naga Bhusanam Patti, Technical health through technology and team and support from our Bangladesh

Specialist and Subhashish Mukherjee, solutions. The Asia Pharma Expo ended business Partner M/S Saka International

Sales Leader-Channels. thLimited displayed spectacular presence on 25 February with good note.

Event updates

Subhashish briefing the health minister Attendees listening with rapt attention

Asia Pharma 2013 – Dhaka Bangladesh

Environmental Health

APPLICATIONS

BETTER SOLUTIONS FOR DEMANDING

Figure 1. Contact lens mount.

Figure 2. Spectra of 6 different lens types.

PerkinElmer (India) Pvt. Ltd.thG-Corp Tech Park, 8 Floor, Near Hypercity Mall, Ghodbunder Road,

Kasarvadavali, Thane (West) – 400 615. India.Tel: +91-22-3326 1700, Fax: +91-22-3326 1790, +91-22-3326 1791Email: marketing.india@perkinelmer.com

www.perkinelmer.in

GOOD PREPARATION

GREAT RESULTS

BEGIN WITH

It’s not just the microwave it’s

everything behind it

With the Titan MPS™ microwave sample preparation system, we’re delivering on the promise of a simple, safe and cost- effective microwave digestion system. For those techniques often depend on microwave sample preparation systems that can deliver complete, uncontaminated samples.

Dual magnetron system

Un pulsed power with excellent control

Unique contact free sensors

Choice of 8 or 16 TFM vessels

Standard warranty for all vessels

Top loading PFA coated cavity

For details log on www.perkinelmer.in, Write to Marketing.India@perkinelmer.com

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