Upload
others
View
3
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
1
Beyond the bias and barriers
- What we have done in these 10 years in STEM field in Japan-
Tokyo, Japan, March 2, 2017
Issues on Work and Life Balance in Asia
AASSA - SCJ Workshop on "Role of Science for Inclusive Society"
Hisako Ohtsubo1, Haruko Ogawa2, Megumi Sato3, Noriko Hirata-Kohno4
1SeniorResearcher,NihonUniversity.Email:[email protected],OchanomizuUniversity.Email:[email protected]
3Lecturer,NihonUniversity.Email:[email protected],NihonUniversity.Email:[email protected]
LowRaJoofFemaleResearchersinJapan
2
• NumbersofFemaleResearchersareincreasing.
2005: 98,700(11.9%) --→ 2016: 136,000(14.7%)
• RaJoofthefemaleresearchersaresJlllow,becauseofthelowraJointhecompanies(8.2%).
Japan’sNumericalTarget:202030
1.OneNumericalTarget,30%by2020(2003) (30%offemaleraJoinleadingposiJonsinalltheareainsociety)
2. TwoBasicPlansEvery5years(since2005,2010,2015)1)TheBasicPlanforScienceandTechnology2)TheBasicPlanforGenderEquality3.ThreeProgramsbyMEXT(2006~present)1)Suppor<ngAc<vi<esforFemaleResearchers(2006~)
Suppor<ngPosi<veAc<vi<esforFemaleResearchers(2009-2011) (“KASOKU-Program/AcceleraJon-Program)
2)RestartPostdoctoral(RPD)Fellowship(2006~)3)SupportforFemaleHigh-SchoolStudentsintoScience(2006~)
Policies&MeasuresSupporJngGenderEqualityinSTEMFieldinJapan
4
%
男女雇用 機会均等法 BasicLawfora
Gender-EqualSociety
科学技術基本法
第2期科学技術基本計画
第3期科学技術 基本計画 モデル育成事業 RPD制度 理系選択支援
加速プログラム
第4期科学技術 基本計画
年 0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015
合計(理工農)
教授(理工農)
助(准)教授(理工農)
講師(理工農)
助教+助手(理工農)
助手(理工農)
助教(理工農)
合計(全体)
2004
独 法 化
Increase of Female Ratio of Researchers in STEM
4
EqualEmploymentOpportunityLaw
TheBasicActonScienceandTechnology
The2ndBasicPlanforScienceandTechnology
The4thBasicPlanforScienceandTechnology
MegumiSatoetal.,Transac9onsofNihonUniversitySchoolofDen9stry44,69-75
The3rdBasicPlanforScienceandTechnology
5
Almost100Universi9es/Ins9tu9onshavebeenpar9cipa9ngintheseMEXTPrograms. (2006~present)
1. SupporJngAcJviJesforFemaleResearchers(2006~)“CommonPrograms”amongtheIns9tu9onsNextslides!!
“Uniqueself-checksystem”(2010–present)• OchanomizuUniversity
SupporJngPosiJveAcJviJesforFemaleResearchers“KASOKU-Program”/Accelera9on-Program(2009-2011) GoodExamples:
• KyushuUniversity• NagoyaUniversity
2. RestartPostdoctoral(RPD)Fellowship(2006~)“Restartfromchildcareleave”
Akindof“QuotasSystem”broughtspillovereffects
6
h_p://www.kyodo-sankaku.provost.nagoya-u.ac.jp
Up-skillingProgram
Work-LifeBalance
MentoringProgram
GenderEqualityOffice
On-CampusNursery
ClimateChange
On-CampusChildcareAPerschool
SupportforWomenStudents
SupporRngProgram
HeForShe(UNWomen)
VariousProgramsforPromoJngGenderEqualitybyNagoyaUniversity
AnnualReports
LocalNetworking
hdp://www.kyodo-sankaku.provost.nagoya-u.ac.jp
7
• Since2010~present• In2016,
ExcelSheetsto98ins9tu9ons.41,recovered(41.8%recovery)
• 50quesRons→�100points• Averagescore:61.8points
Top:80points,Bo\om:17points• Popularitems:
ü SetuptheOrganiza9on(eg:GEOffice)
ü Offeringinforma9onsupportviaHomepage
ü Takingmeasurestopreventsexualharassment
• Varioususe:ü self-checkandfollowchangesover
theyears,ü data-basedevidencefornego9a9on
tothetop.
“OchadaiIndex”,ASelf-CheckINDEXforlevelingthefield
①
②
③
④
⑤
⑥
⑦②
③
⑤
①
④
⑦
⑥
hdp://www-w.cf.ocha.ac.jp/leader/cosmos/contents/consolidaJon/ochaindex/howtoochaindex/
8
“KASOKU-Program”/Accelera9on-ProgramWomenResearchersPromoJonProgrambyKyushuUniversity
bycourtesyofProf.ErikoJotaki@KyushuUniversity
Twostepscompe99onarerequiredinselec9onprocedure.
Quali9esofcandidatesaswellasmo9va9onofthedepartmentsareexamined.
(2009~2018)
9
“KASOKU-Program”/Accelera9on-ProgramNoonecouldsayanymore“Isthereanyfemaleapplicants?”andsoon,
Suchas“Itisdeteriora9onofacademiclevel”!!
bycourtesyofProf.ErikoJotaki@KyushuUniversity
High spillover effect was observed!
Quotas
Numbers of Female Faculty Members
1010
DivisionofBiologicalSc.i,GraduateSchoolofSci.,NagoyaUniv.h_p://www.bio.nagoya-u.ac.jp/introduc9on.html
2006 2016
ThreeisamagicNumber!
bycourtesyofProf.NarieSasaki@NagoyaUniversity
Dras9cIncreasein11yearsinBiologyDivision@Nagoya-U.
NumbersofAwardeesIncludingtheconJnued
fellows
Applicant
Awardee
AdopJonrate
63.2
90
10.5
3.7
10.5
1.710.5
3.15.3 1.4
0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%
100%
RPD PD
JobsaPer5years
unemployedpart-<mejobpart-<meresearcherpostdocfull-<meresearcher
RPD*:Advancementinthepastdecade*:RestartPstdctoralFellow¥362,000/monthfor3yrs
2006 2016
2006 2016
NumbersofApplicants&Awardees
h_ps://www.jsps.go.jp/j-pd/rpd_gaiyo.html
12
TheassociaJonof90academicsocieJesinSTEM(2015)
12
EPMEWSE ─ Renraku-kai (established at 2002)JapanInter-SocietyLiaisonAssocia9onCommi_eeforPromo9ngEqualPar9cipa9onofMenandWomenin
ScienceandEngineering(EPMEWSE)<h_p://www.djrenrakukai.org/en/index.html>
1. Large-scalesurveysevery5years2. ProposalsandRequeststotheGovernment3. Annualsymposiumeveryfall4. SurveysoffemaleraJoineachsocieJes5. Summercamp&Workshopforhigh-schoolgirls
TheMajorRolls
13
VisibilitySurveysofFemaleScien9stsinScien9ficSocie9es&Scien9ficMee9ng
LargeScaleSurveysevery5years
Analysis&Reports
Proposals&Requests
WELCOMEtoEPMEWSE:EnglishHomepageh_p://www.djrenrakukai.org/en/index.html
VisibilityoftheFemaleScienJstsinScienJficSocieJes
TheMathema9calSocietyofJapan
TheChemicalSocietyofJapan
PhysiologicalSocietyofJapan
ThePhysicalSocietyofJapan
TheZoologicalSocietyofJapan
Ordinarymembers
Studentmembers
President/VPs
Directors
SpeakersinvitedtoSymposium
Organizers:MenonlyMen&Women
Arewevisibleenoughinthescien9ficsocie9es?WeseeUnconsciousBiaseverywhere!
HommaMK.,MotohashiR.andOhtsuboH.GenestoCells18(07):529-532(2013)
hdp://annex.jsap.or.jp/renrakukai/doc_pdf/2013_raJo/2013_raJo_table.pdf
FemaleRa<ooftheSocie<es(2013)
(10/82havefemaleP/VP.)
15
Large-ScaleSurveyinSTEMEvery5Years
15
The3rdLarge-ScaleSurveyofActualCondiRonsofGenderEqualityinScienRficandTechnologicalProfessions
August2013
ContentsoftheReport:Chapter1 SummaryofResultsChapter2GenderGapinJobPosi9onsChapter3ChildandNursingCareChapter4Limited-termEmploymentandPostdocsChapter5ProgramsandPoliciesChapter6Wri_enComments
81ScienRficSocieResinSTEMfield,Surveywasdoneinthefallof2012Numbersofrespondents:16,314(Male11,958&Female4,356)h_p://www.djrenrakukai.org/doc_pdf/3rd_enq_report_en.pdf
Under39
NumbersofchildreninyoungergeneraJonNumbers of children Numbers of children
they wish and they could
More than two children are desired, but it is difficult for younger generations.
ThereasonswhytheydonothavechildrenfinancialmaderMen
Women difficulttomaintaincareerandfamily
Male Female Male Female
Over400.9at40yearsold
h_p://www.djrenrakukai.org/doc_pdf/3rd_enq_report_en.pdf
17
Heavyfamilyresponsibilitytowomen’sside(2007)
in the Lab
http://www.djrenrakukai.org/2007enquete/h19enquete_report_v2.pdf�
Shorterworkinghours(11-14hrs/week)intheLab
Longerworkinghours(20hrs/week)athome
Female<Male Female>Male
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Male
Female
00.51
1.52
2.53
3.54
4.55
Male
Female
at home
Hoursatworkplaceperweek Hoursforhousehold&childcareperday
1818
ChildcareLeave:Therateisincreasing,but・・・
1368 700 272 1262
0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%100%
Didnottakeleave
Tookleave,butnotasrequested
Tookleaveasrequested
17737 17
32
78
247
19
134
8248
210
0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%100%
Didnottakeleave
Tookleave,butnotasrequested
Tookleaveasrequested
7736 18
9
10
72
4
37
6
29
0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%
100%
Didnottakeleave
Tookleave,butnotasrequested
Tookleaveasrequested
Male(Universi<es) Female(Universi<es) Female(Corpora<ons)
:
1135
21
241
59
32
10
666
154
118
70
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Male
FemaleWasunnecessary
Didnotwishtotakeleave
Homeenvironment
Workplaceenvironment
Noprovisionexisted
WhyParentswithPre-schoolChildrenDidNotTakeChildcareLeave!
h_p://www.djrenrakukai.org/doc_pdf/3rd_enq_report_en.pdf
RequirementsforBalancingFamilyandWork
0 20 40 60
仕事中心の考え方の変化
上司の理解 職場の雰囲気
介護サービスの拡充 勤務時間の弾力化
男女役割分担の意識の変化 学童保育の拡充
休業中に自宅で仕事を継続できる仕組み 病児保育
保育園のサービスの拡充 女性
男性
%
ExpandedNurseryService
FlexibleWorkingHours
WorkplacesAtmosphere
SickChildCare
Changesin“workascenter”concepts
UnderstandingfromSupervisor
ChangesinmaleandfemalerollExpandedager-schoolcareforchildren
ExpandedNursing-caresirvice
VarietyofprovisionsforleaveofabsenceFemale
Male
Theanalysisof“The4thLarge-ScaleSurvey”isgoingonnow.Newdatawillbeopeninthisfall,2017.
h_p://www.djrenrakukai.org/doc_pdf/3rd_enq_report_en.pdf
DennisNormile記者(Science)
Science349Issue6244p127-128、July10,2015byDennisNormile,inTokyo
20
“WOMENINSCIENCE”,Interviewedby“Science”
References
21
TheLarge-ScaleSurvey:The3rdLarge-ScaleSurveyofActualCondiJonsofGenderEqualityinScienJficandTechnologicalProfessions(SurveyReport:ConciseSummary)hdp://www.djrenrakukai.org/doc_pdf/3rd_enq_report_en.pdfLejers,Ar<clesandInterviewsReports:1.HommaMK,MotohashiR.andOhtsuboH.:Japan'sLaggingGenderEquality.ScienceApr26;340(6131):428-30(2013)2.HommaMK.,MotohashiR.andOhtsuboH.:MaximizingthePotenJalofScienJstsinJapan:promoJngequalparJcipaJonforwomenscienJststhroughleadershipdevelopment.GenestoCells18(07):529-532(2013)3.SJllLessEqual:Japan’sgovernmentmustsJckbyitspromisetohelpwomen’scareerstoprosper.NatureEditorials,497535,30May,20134.JapanAimshighforgrowth:InnovaJoninscienceisattheheartofgovernmentplanstoboosttheeconomy.ByDavidCyranoski,NatureLe\ers,497548,30May,20135.WomeninScience:PlantodropgoalsforwomenroilsJapaneseScience:ChangesJrsdebateabouthowunderrepresentaJonofwomen.Science349Issue6244p127-128、July10,2015byDennisNormile,inTokyoURLs:KyushuUniv.:WomenResearchersPromoJonPrograms,hdp://wrp.kyushu-u.ac.jp/eng/busi/index.php#aNagoyaUniv.:hdp://www.kyodo-sankaku.provost.nagoya-u.ac.jpOchadaiIndex:hdp://www-w.cf.ocha.ac.jp/leader/cosmos/contents/consolidaJon/ochaindex/howtoochaindex/#aaa
Acknowledgement
22
WewouldliketothankProf.ErikoJotaki(KyushuUniversity)Prof.NarieSasaki(NagoyaUniversity)Prof.KazumiTsukada(OchanomizuUniversity)Dr.AkieNaito(OchanomizuUniversity)
forprovidingusimportantinformaJon.