BRITISH JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE

EDITORIAL BOARD

Editor: Dr. Henry E. Robson, 39 Linkfield Road, Mounstorrel, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE12 7DJ

Chairman: Surgeon Rear Admiral Stanley Miles, CB, MD, MSc, FRCP, FRCS, 25 Grove Road, Barton-on-Sea,New Milton, Hants. BH25 7DJ

Members: Prof. Arnold H. Beckett, DSc, PhD, FRIC, Chelsea College, London UniversityDr. Ernest J. Hamley, PhD, Loughborough UniversityMr. Basil Helal, MCh(Orth), FRCS, The London HospitalDr. John E. Kane, PhD, West London Institute of Higher EducationMrs. Margaret John, MCSP, Studley, WarwickshireProf. Harry Thomason, PhD, DLC, Loughborough UniversityDr. Dan Tunstall-Pedoe, MA, DPhil, FRCP, St. Bartholomew's Hospital, London

This Journal is published four times a year by

THE BRITISH ASSOCIATION OF SPORT AND MEDICINESometimes two numbers may be issued in a combined publication

Chairman: Mr. Basil Helal, MCh(Orth), FRCS

Hon. Secretary: Dr. Peter N. Sperryn, MRCP, 49 Blakes Lane, New Malden, Surrey

Hon. Treasurer: Dr. Henry E. Robson, 39 Linkfield Road, Mountsorrel, Loughborough, Leicestershire

SUBSCRIPTIONS

The Journal is sent to all members of the British Association of Sport and Medicine, and includedwith the annual subscription

FROM JANUARY 1st, 1982 EXTERNAL (NON-MEMBER) SUBSCRIBERS: £10 for subscribersin the United Kingdom, $30 U.S. for overseas subscribersSubscriptions run from January to the end of the year. Single numbers: £4 or $10. A limitednumber of back issues are available.

RENEWALS: These should be confirmed before the end of the year, or at the latest by the endof January in the current year. Late renewals involving restoration to the mailing list after deletion,may incur an additional administration charge.

MAILING is by second class mail to the U.K., and surface mail overseas.

ORDERS FOR THE JOURNAL should be sent to the Editor/Treasurer at the above address.Payment with order is preferred. Cancellations should be sent before the end of the year, or bythe end of January at the latest.

APPLICATIONS FOR MEMBERSHIP of the British Association of Sport and Medicine shouldbe sent to the Hon. Secretary or Hon. Treasurer.

(a)

HONORARY SECRETARY'S COLUMN - MARCH 1983

At this year's Annual General Meeting on October 14th, 1983, it will be necessary to reconsider the Constitution ofBASM and to elect or re-elect all the Officers and one third of the Committee.

The Executive Committee has decided that ample time has now elapsed since it submitted the "blue paper" con-cerning possible reorganisation to the entire membership. It is the Committee's intention, therefore, to submit to themembership in time for the annual meeting its definitive constitutional proposals for the next phase in BASM's develop-ment.

Proposals for a FederationWe have now completed comprehensive discussions on the subject of federation between the various organisations insports medicine and science in Great Britain. A series of meetings initially called by the General Secretary of the BritishOlympic Association and subsequently hosted by the Sports Council drew, sadly, to the conclusion that there wasgeneral support for the federal concept but no support for its early achievement because of the many and parochialinterests of the organisations in this field.

A compromise was agreed by the formation of an informal "standing liaison committee of sports sciences andmedical organisations" to meet not more than twice annually under the aegis of the Sports Council so that there wouldbe formal opportunity for mutual contact between all organisations in sport science and medicine. It was further agreedthat each constituent organisation would remain entirely autonomous and free to develop as it wished.

AGM 1983BASM now has over 1500 members and some 600 non-member Journal subscribers. It is the national organisationrecognised by the Sports Council and internationally recognised by its affiliation to the International Federation ofSports Medicine. It has a constitutional commitment to multi-disciplinism though membership has always beenconfined to those holding an appropriate professional qualification in the particular professions involved.

The need for elections of Officers in 1983 gives the Association the opportunity to rethink its Constitutionalposition. Our present low subscription of £10 does not allow for a professional office structure. Our Journal isconstantly expanding but not making a profit for the Association and indeed consumes a major part of our income. Thequestion of professionalisation of the Journal (in contract with a publishing house) and a further rise in subscriptionwill clearly also have to be considered in relation to our future status and activities.

The most anxious debate in recent years has featured the needs expressed by many individual clinicians for an auton-omous organisation consisting of doctors only. This naturally has much merit but the experience world-wide is thatfragmentation of "sports medicine" is not very productive. The medical profession is notoriously strong in its abilitynot only to get its way but to dominate outside organisations and it may fairly be asked why those clinicians who havefelt most strongly about their autonomous status have not pursued their energies through their own professional organ-isations, namely the British Medical Association, the Royal Colleges and the speciality organisations including theBritish Orthopaedic Association and the British Association for Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, which would seemto offer full scope for all clinical sectional interests.

This association has strongly supported the concept of open membership to professionals of all disciplines. It is feltthat the advantages of a common forum for what is, after all, a very wide ranging multi-disciplinary field of work, faroutweigh any disadvantages of fragmentation. Any one familiar with the American College of Sports Medicine willsee how multi-disciplinary federalism creates great strength. It would be sad to think that we in Britain are tooparochial and class conscious to be able to join hands with other professional colleagues in a cause of mutual interest.

The practical question facing BASM is whether to make itself into a federation and form sub-divisions of its own torepresent the specific membership groups. Last year's AGM decided to accept formation of a medical sub-committeefor just this purpose but this was essentially a holding operation which can now, in the light of the failure to achieve afull federation through the Sports Council talks, be reviewed purely in the interests of our own members.

Do we want to form sub-divisions? If so how many or how few would be most effective? Should we follow the leadof the American College and have divisions for medicine and health services; education; and basic and applied sciencewith a swift rotation of all offices but backed by a highly effective and professional secretariat? If so, how shall we raisethe cash?

(b)

A further alternative must be considered. If sectional interests wish to pursue their own autonomous powers inde-pendently, then we can argue amongst ourselves, doctors as doctors, physiotherapists as physiotherapists, and so on,as to which of our various professional organisations we will choose to support for sports medicine. This leaves BASMto choose between winding itself up and leaving people to pursue sports medicine through their own narrow sectionsor to continue to serve the common cause of sports medicine by remaining as an open membership organisation with nosub-divisions and therefore dissolving the medical practitioners' sub-committee. There is no sense in a half way housebecause partial divisions merely create further enmity among ostensibly equal members. Is not the strength of an organ-isation such as BASM the fact it is as broadly based as the subject of sports medicine itself?

The Officers now call for the membership's final response to the constitutional problem. It is suggested that we nowproceed to federalise ourselves, resume our path towards institution as a limited liability company with charity statusand opt unashamedly for a multi-disciplinary association. We invite any member with positive views to communicatethem in writing at the earliest possible opportunity to the Hon. Secretary so that the Officers and Committee can placebefore the October annual meeting a fair and satisfactory consensus which can see us productively through thechallenges of the next few years.

P. N. SPERRYN

NOTICES

AGM

Attention of BASM members is drawn to the Advance Notice of the Annual General Meeting on Saturday, 14thOctober at Bisham Abbey, Marlow, Berks. - see page 63.

Unpaid and Underpaid Subscriptions

Some 600 members are still in arrears for 1983, and several for 1982 as well. After adequate notice, those in arrearswill have their names deleted from the mailing list for journals.

Meetings of Other Organisations

Details of two conferences appear on the back pages, adjacent to the back cover.

63

Bulletin of The British Association of Sport and MedicineF - --m m - - -m - -m - -- - - -m - m - m m - _

ADVANCE NOTICE

I ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING OF THE BRITISH ASSOCIATION OF SPORT AND MEDICINE

The Annual General Meeting will follow the Advanced Sports Medicine Course, and will take place onSATURDAY, 14th OCTOBER, 1983 at BISHAM ABBEY NATIONAL RECREATION CENTRE,

| Berkshire, at 2.00 p.m. Further details will be published later, and reports and accounts will be sent tomembers with the Agenda in advance. The three-year Term of Office for all officers is ending, so elections

I of officers will take place. It is regretted that Dr. P. N. Sperryn will not be standing for re-election asI Honorary Secretary. A major re-organisation of the Association will therefore have to be contemplated,I and it is most important that as many members as possible attend. Accommodation for some having to

travel long distances is being arranged. Lunch will be provided for those booking in advance. The morningprogramme will be the final session of the Sports Medicine Course, and on a topic of general interest willbe open to those attending the AGM in the afternoon. Nominations for officers, and members of theExecutive Committee, as well as notice of any items of business to be included in the Agenda, should besent well in advance to Dr. Peter Sperryn, Hon. Secretary, 49 Blakes Lane, NEW MALD EN, Surrey.

THE FOOT: WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO SPORTorganised by ACPSM and BASM Southern Region

To be held at thePOST GRADUATE MEDICAL CENTRE, ROYAL BERKSHIRE HOSPITAL, READING, BERKS.

on 21st and 28th June, 1983, 6.30 p.m.-9.30 p.m.Fee £5.00 including supper (to be sent on application)

Application fromMrs. D. Middleton, MCSP, 116 Barkham Road, Wokingham, Berks. (please include Fee and SAE)

CLOSING DATE 24th MAY

PRELIMINARY NOTICE OF MEETINGNZ FEDERATION OF SPORTS MEDICINE

andNZ RUGBY FOOTBALL UNION

Sports Medicine Conference on Rugby Football, Christchurch, NZ29th June-ist July, 1983

1. Coincides with NZ tour by British Lions.2. Preferential Test and provincial games tickets available.3. Programme on Injury Management, Prevention and Coaching for safe rugby.4. Orthopaedic and medical contributions by internationally recognised authorities from UK, Canada, Australia and

New Zealand.Emphasis on arthroscopy.

5. Programme, Travel, Accommodation. WRITE TO: Mr. R. Marks,Preferential tickets available. NZFSM,

PO Box 6104,Upper Riccarton,Christchurch,New Zealand.

65

REPORTACPSM and BASM London and South East England Area

A joint meeting of the London and South East Regions of the Association of Chartered Physiotherapists in SportsMedicine and the British Association of Sport and Medicine was held at the Post Graduate Centre, Brighton GeneralHospital on Tuesday, 23rd November, 1982.

A mixed audience of fifty-four turned out on a night of atrocious weather to listen to an absorbing lecture on "Feet,Footwear and the Athlete" and, had time permitted, the audience would have been quite happy to listen to Dr.McGregor for a considerably longer period. Dr. Rob Roy McGregor is a consultant podiatrist, from Boston,Massachusetts.

After a very well illustrated exposition of the bio-mechanical links in the leg, from the pelvis to the distal phalanges,Dr. Tabor introduced a clinical problem in a young athlete and Dr. McGregor talked through his examination, diagnosisand suggested lines of treatment.

The meeting was sponsored by Winner Shoes, manufacturers of the Etonic range of footwear, to whom theorganisers are indebted for their help.

D. Chapman

BRITISH OLYMPIC ASSOCIATION 1 Church Row,Wandsworth Plain,London SW18 1EHTel: 01-874 4764

PRESS RELEASE (for immediate publication)SPEND AN EXPENSES PAID FORTNIGHT IN GREECE THIS SUMMER LEARNING ABOUT

THE OLYMPIC GAMES AT THE INTERNATIONAL OLYMPIC ACADEMY

The International Olympic Academy was set up 22 years ago to spread the Olympic ideals and principles. The Academyis sited near the scene of the ancient Olympic Games at Olympia, Greece in a purpose-built establishment with modernsports facilities. Each year the Academy Session is attended by lecturers, guests and students from many of the 150countries in the Olympic Movement. Students are selected by their National Olympic Committees. The British OlympicAssociation will be awarding four scholarships to the Academy this year.

The 1983 Session of the International Olympic Academy will be held at Olympia from 6th-21st July, 1983 when themajor topics for discussion will be:

(a) "OLYMPISM"-history, philosophy, how the Olympic Games are organised, etc.(b) "O LYMPISM, FAIR PLAY AND VIOLENCE"Generally scholarships are awarded to young people aged over 18 and under 28, although there is nothing to prevent

people of any age from making their case to the British Olympic Association for a scholarship. In the past, scholarshipshave been awarded by the Association to PE students and teachers; students, teachers, under-graduates and graduatesin other subjects; sports administrators and journalists.

If you are interested in sport, either as a spectator or participant at any level; if you are interested in the history ofthe Olympic Games and the revival of the Modern Olympics; if you are concerned about today's Olympic issues; thenyou are a possible candidate for a place at the Academy.

The two weeks in Greece comprise discussions, talks, films, sporting and leisure activities and various trips. To makean application for a scholarship write for an application form and further details to:

The British Olympic Association,1 Church Row,Wandsworth Plain,London SW18 1EH

The closing date for receipt of applications for scholarships is 31st March, 1983FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT THE BRITISH OLYMPIC ASSOCIATION ON 01-874 4764

66

mmli Ifor Eubuuriptiunm UEUZNOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN that all subscriptions for Membership and other Journal Subscriptions are due on 1stJANUARY 1983. Payment should be made on receipt of this Notice, and no other invoice should be necessary.

Subscription rates for 1983:-Ordinary Membership £10.00Affiliated Organisations £16.00Student Membership £ 4.00Retired rate for those no longer inpractice, and unable to claim theirsubscriptions as taxable allowances £ 6.00

Journal of Sports Medicine and PhysicalFitness (BASM members only) £17.00

or $30.00 US includingBank transfer charges

Due to the fall in the Pound against the Dollar, we must increase the price of the Journal of Sports Medicine andPhysical Fitness to £17 (we have to pay the publishers $25, and £1 = $1.50 at time of publication.

BRITISH JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE - External "Library" subscribers who are not members of theAssociation.

United Kingdom £10.00Overseas £12 Sterling or US $30.00 (including bank charges)

ALL THESE SUBSCRIPTIONS (Except Membership Subscriptions for Scottish Area members) should be sent to theHonorary Treasurer:-

Dr. H. E. ROBSON,39 Linkfield Road,

Mountsorrel,Nr. LOUGHBOROUGH,

LE12i7DJ As on 1st March, 1983 there are:

Tel: Leicester (0533) 303436 - Surgery Unpaid 1983 -approx. 300(0533) 303971 - Residence Underpaid 1983 - approx. 200

Scottish Members should pay their membership subscriptions to: PLEASE CO-OPERATEMrs. Elizabeth Snodgrass,

54 lain Road,Bearsden,GLASGOW.

The preferred method of payment for membership subscriptions is by Bankers Order and forms are available from theHon. Treasurers.

Subscribers from the Irish RepublicPlease ensure that payment including bankers orders will yield the full amount in STERLING. Bank transfer chargesof £2 STERLING should be included on all cheques from Irish Republic banks.

H. Evans Robson

SPRING MEETING OF INSTITUTE OF ORTHOPAEDIC MEDICINECity Hospital PGMC, Nottingham

9th April, 1983

SPORTS INJURIES

Registration and CoffeeAddress: Dr. Richard EllisAnkle Injuries:Video tape on Sports Injuries - Part 1The Sprained Ankle:Radiological Techniques:The Unstable Ankle:Followed by Discussion

COFFEEOveruse Injuries:Video tape on Sports Injuries - Part 2Podiatrist's View:Scintigraphy:Shin Splints:Followed by DiscussionAnnual General Meeting of the Institute of Orthopaedic MedicineTreadmill Demonstrations and re-run of VideosLUNCH

Groups:

Achilles Tendon Injuries:Followed by DiscussionChronic Groin Injuries:Followed by DiscussionTEA & CLOSE

Presented by:Dr. Michael HutsonDr. James CyriaxDr. Brian PrestonDr. Michael Hutson

Presented by:Dr. Keith BushMr. H. PontDr. Martin WastieDr. Keith Bush

Demonstration of TherapeuticTechniquesMr. John Williams, FRCS(Farnham Park)Mr. David Muckle, FRCS

£15 to Members of Institute of Orthopaedic Medicine£20 to non-Members£10 to non-medically qualified personnel

Approval under Section 63 for reimbursement of GP costs, subsistence and travelling expenses.

Application, fees and enquiries to:

Dr. M. A. Hutson,2 Regent Street,NottinghamNG1 5BQ

67

8.30-9.009.00

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70

NEW MEMBERS

The following were elected by the Executive Committee on 16th February, 1983

ORDINARY MEMBERSHIP

Dr. M. R. Ashworth, DRCOG, 71 Woodedge, Ashton-in-Makerfield, WIGAN, WN4 9JZMr. C. J. E. Barrett, MCSP, Flat 1, 89 New North Road, HUDDERSFIELD, W. Yorks.Ms Elizabeth Berry, MCSP, Beechcroft, Raigmore Hospital, INVERNESS, ScotlandMr. J. A. Black, MChS, SRCh, 42 Torridon Avenue, Dumbreck, GLASGOW, G41 5NSDr. B. Blacklidge, MCRGP, DRCOG, 19 Roseberry Road, Great Ayton, MIDDLESBROUGH,

Cleveland, TS9 6EHMs Wendy Blythe, MCSP, 24 Petts Wood Road, PETTS WOOD, Kent, BR5 1 LBDr. R. H. Burr, DA, DRCOG, 4 Thrushgill Drive, Halton, LANCASTER, LA2 6NNMrs. Jean Cantor, SRN, SCM, MDN, The End Cottage, Benfleet Hall, Green Lane, COBHAM, SurreyDr. D. L. Dennard, MRCGP, The Health Centre, Cannon Street, BOLTON, Lancs.Dr. C. P. Fletcher, Area Command Dispensary, Whittaker Corp, PO Box 9862,

Armed Forces Hospital, JEDDAHDr. D. Frame, 9 Headsmuir Avenue, CARLUKE, LanarkshireMiss Barbara E. Hannah, MCSP, 24 Ravenswood Drive, CHEADLE HULME, Cheshire, SK8 7DZMr. D. Hicks, ASA & Coach, Woodlands, 172 Maidstone Road, St. Mary's Platt, Borough Green,

SEVENOAKS, KentMr. J. S. Hilden, MCSP, Ospelia 11, 3000 DRAMMEN, NorwayDr. D. F. Hopkins, MD, 1 Graham Place, Ashgill, LARKHALL, Lanarkshire, ML9 3BADr. T. Jenkinson, 42 Glen Terrace, HALIFAX, Yorkshire, HX1 2YNDr. P. G. Jerreat, DMJ(Path), 42B Tomlins Grove, Bow, LONDON, E3Mr. M. A. Khaleel, BSc, Physiotherapy Dept., Salmania Medical Centre, PO Box 12, BAHRAINDr. H. MacAnespie, DPH, MFCM, Creca 3 South Glassford Street, Milngavie,GLASGOW, G62 6AT

Dr. A. W. Mills, MRCGP, 127 Venner Road, Sydenham, LONDON, SE26 5HUDr. Bard Natvig, CandMed, 9220 MOEN I MALSELV, NorwayMr. E. 1. Phillips, SRN, 3 Maidens Grove, Llandybie, AMMANFORD, Dyfed, SA18 3YHDr. K. D. Robinson, MRCGP, D(Obst)RCOG, Stoneleigh, 55 Ashwell Road, Heaton, BRADFORD,

W. Yorks., BD9 4AXMs Judith Sproul, MCSP, 45 Westbourne Drive, Bearsden, GLASGOW, G61 4BHDr. T. Stenhouse, DRCOG, 3 Grove Road, SOLIHULL, B91 2AGDr. K. Taylor, 20 Higher Greenfield, The Green, Ingol, PRESTON, PR2 3ZYDr. R. W. P. Terry, Grove Surgery, 3 Grove Road, SOLIHULL, B91 2AGMs Jan A. Thole, Cert Phys Ed, 27 The Deeside, Patcham, BRIGHTON, SussexDr. J. W. Totten, Eli Lilly & Company Ltd., Kingsclere Road, BASINGSTOKE, Hants, RG21 2XADr. J. P. Vernon, MRCGP, 152 City Road, DUNDEE, DD3 9AAMrs. Susan West, MCSP, SRP, 166 Forest Avenue, ABERDEEN, AB1 6UNMr. 1. Whatley, BSc, NIKE Sport Research Lab, 156 Front Street, EXETER, NH 03833, USADr. M. W. Whiteside, DCH, 66 Ivy Lane, MACCLESFIELD, Cheshire

STUDENTMEMBERSHIP

Mr. A. P. Liddell, Chiropody Student, 58 Toronto Avenue, Howden East, LIVINGSTON,W. Lothian, EH4 6BW

Mr. F. D. Ross, Chiropody Student, Holm-Lea, Thornhill Lane End, Hope Road, Bamford,SHEFFIELD, S30 2AL

Proposed by

H. E. RobsonP. R. Leary

H. E. RobsonJ. MacGregor

H. E. RobsonH. E. RobsonJ. Medhurst

P. N. SperrynH. E. Robson

T. E. DurkinH. E. RobsonE. Bradbury

J. M. CameronH. E. RobsonJ. MacGregorH. E. Robson

J. M. CameronH. E. Robson

J. A. MoncurJ. M. CameronH. E. RobsonH. E. Robson

H. E. RobsonR. Howat

H. E. RobsonH. E. RobsonH. E. RobsonH. E. RobsonJ. A. MoncurE. SnodgrassE. SnodgrassH. E. RobsonH. E. Robsori

R. Sloss

A. Ungar

71

Miss Louise Wilson, Medical Student, Carlyle Hall, East Suffolk Road, EDINBURGHA. Ungar

AFFILIA TED MEMBERSHIP

University of Strathclyde, Physical Education DepartmentRep: Mr. W. Hunter, DPE, BEd, Director of PE, Sports Centre, 347 Cathedral Street,GLASGOW, G1 2TB J. MacGregor

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LUITPOLD Product licence held byFarillon LimitedBryant AvenueRomfordEssex, RM3 OPJ

(c)

THE BRITISH SUB-AQUA CLUB SYMPOSIUM

organised by the BSAC Medical Committee on the

MEDICAL ASPECTS OF SPORTS DIVING

to be held in the

APPLIED SCIENCE AUDITORIUM, NOTTINGHAM UNIVERSITY, UNIVERSITY PARK, NOTTINGHAMon Saturday and Sunday, 9th and 10th April, 1983

(Section 63 Approval has been given)

Saturday, 9th April, 198309.00-09.30 Registration and Coffee

Opening Remarks by Dr. F. S. Preston,Chairman, BSAC Medical Committee

SESSION ONE - PHYSIOLOGY OF DIVINGChairman: Dr. J. Betts09.45 Introduction to Diving Medicine

Mr. J. HazzardRespiratory Physiology as Related toAmateur DivingDr. W. A. CrosbieCoffeeCardiovascular Responses to ImmersionProf. P. FentemHazards of Immersion in Northern WatersDr. D. M. Harris

12.40 Lunch - Courtesy of Geigy Pharma-ceuticals

SESSION TWO - MEDICAL PROBLEMS IN DIVINGChairman: Surgeon Vice-Admiral Sir J. S. P. Rawlins,(Retd.)14.15-17.20 Treatment of Chronic Eustacian Obstruc-

tionMr. W. D. McNicollHistory of Decompression SicknessDr. P. James

Tea

Neurological Decompression Sickness -the Clinical ProblemDr. M. SwashSpinal Cord Degeneration in Decom-pression SicknessMr. A. C. Palmer

19.30 Symposium Dinner

Sunday, 10th April, 1983SESSION THREE - DIVING EMERGENCIESChairman: Mr. T. Dix09.30 Acute Pulmonary Oedema in Divers

Dr. P. WilmhurstRecompression Treatment of SportsDiversSurgeon Lt.-Cdr. D. G. Bruce, RNCoffeeDiving Emergencies in Commercial DiversDr. N. McIverBone Necrosis in DiversProf. D. N. Walder

12.35 Lunch

SESSION FOUR - MEDICALSPORTS DIVERSChairman: Mr. J. Hazzard14.15-17.00 Fitness for Sport

Dr. M. HutsonMedical Standards:pointDr. J. C. Betts

STANDARDS FOR

the Amateur View-

Tea

The Diabetic Subject and Sports ActivitiesDr. G. S. SpathisDr. F. S. Preston, Chairman, BSACMedical Committee

Closing Remarks

The organisers are grateful to Geigy Pharmaceuticals forsupporting this meeting.

09.30

(d)

SOCIETY OF SPORTS SCIENCESOne Day Conference

THE ENDURANCE ATHLETE: A MULTIDIMENSIONAL PERSPECTIVETo be held at the University of Birmingham

Saturday, 16th April, 1983

09.15 Assemble - Coffee10.00-1 3.00 The Endurance Athlete: an Overview

N. C. Craig Sharp, Department of PhysicalEducation, Birmingham UniversitySprinters and Marathon Runners: SomeBiophysical Differences*D. W. Kellet, P. L. T. Willan, M. Mahon,Department of Anatomy, ManchesterUniversityChanges in Mitochondria and Capillariesin Human m. vastus lateralis due toTraining at the Anaerobic Threshold*H. Hoppeler, H. Claassen, H. Howald,Department of Physiology, BirminghamUniversityFatigue and Visual Reaction Time*R. J. Butterly, A. V. Knibbs, D. A.Sugden, Department of Physical Educa-tion, Leeds UniversityBreak for CoffeeImmediate Effects of Exercise on Cor-puscular Values in Peripheral Blood inCompetitive Swimmers and SedentarySubjects*R. J. Ratcliffe, P. L. T. Willan, Depart-ment of Anatomy, Manchester UniversityThe Relationship Between AlactacidAnaerobic Power, Lactacid AnaerobicPower and Aerobic Power in Trainedand Untrained Adolescent Boys*N. Armstrong, B. Davies. MovementScience Laboratory, Liverpool Collegeof H. E.Applied Sports Psychology and Prepara-tion of Middle Distance Athletes*B. Miller, A. J. Miller, School of H.M.S.,Bedford College of H.E. and SportsPsychology AssociatesAssessment of Breathlessness DuringExerciseP. A. O'Neill, *R. D. Stark, Pharma-ceuticals Division, Imperial ChemicalIndustries

13.00 Lunch

14.10-17.00 Work and Play in an Arctic Environ-mentJ. Beatty, Crowden Outdoor ActivitiesCentre

Glycogen Loading and RehydrationDuring Endurance Exercise*1D. MacLaren, K. Lanaghan, Depart-ment of Sport and Recreation, LiverpoolPolyUrinary Phenyl Ethylamine Levels DuringThree Days of Indoor Soccer Play*T. Reilly, A. George, Department ofSport and Recreation, Liverpool PolyTraining for Physical and Mental Endur-ance in Orienteering*G. V. Barrell, P. J. Cooper, Departmentof Physical Education, SouthamptonUniversityBreak for TeaChanges in Muscle Performance Metab-olism and Capillary Supply Induced byLong-term Electrical Stimulation0. Hudlicka, Department of Physiology,Birmingham UniversityAn Evaluation of the Training Methods ofElite British Endurance Athletes: 1970-1980M. Brown, Department of PhysicalEducation, Queen's University, BelfastThe Ergogenic Demands of ExtremeEndurance Performance: a 24 HourRoad Race Cycling Event*J. A. White, C. Ward, H. Nelson, HumanPerformance Laboratory, Department ofHuman Kinetics, Salford UniversityEfficiency: a Parameter of the AerobicPerformance Capacity*H. Hoppeler, S. L. Lindstedt, Depart-ment of Physiology, BirminghamUniversityClosing Remarks

*Presenter

In addition to the presented papers there will be adisplay of posters.

Members of the Society of Sports Sciences £3.00Non-members £4.50Full-time Students Free

M. S. Cudahy,Conference Organiser,Department of Physical Education,University of Birmingham

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