BHARATHIDASAN UNIVERSITY Department of Remote Sensing · Unit:2. Data Structure: Data Structure in GIS -Types of Data (P oints, Lines and Polygons)-Data Base Structures (R aster Data

Department of Remote Sensing

Bharathidasan University 1

BHARATHIDASAN UNIVERSITYDepartment of Remote Sensing

TIRUCHIRAPPALLI- 620 023

Curriculum Ph D Geological Remote Sensing

After Revision 2017-18

DRS



Ph.D. CURRICULUM STRUCTURE

1. Ph.D. in Remote Sensing

The Department of Remote Sensing at the Bharathidasan University has a rich tradition of

high-impact research on Coastal geomorphic and plate tectonics, Natural resources like as Oil

and gas, mineral exploration, Disaster management, Water resources and management

student-centered excellence and a service within the academic community. Our faculty

members are well-known in their area of specialization and support and foster scientific

synergy between faculty researchers and research students.

2. Objectives of the programme

Develop substantive knowledge in their area of specialization.

Demonstrated ability to engage in a productive research career, including

publications, grant writing and conference presentations.

Excel in a variety of institutional settings, including universities, industry and

government research labs, and think tanks.

Demonstrate an understanding and concern for the high ethical standards in business

research, teaching, and service.

3. Eligibility

A Candidate of this university or any recognized University with Master’s Degree in

Geology / Applied Geology /M. Tech in Geological Technology and Geoinformatics/

Geoinformatics/ Earth science/ Marine Geology / Mineral Exploration / Hydrogeology or

who possesses a Post graduate accepted by the Syndicate as equivalent there to and has a

minimum of 55% marks in their Master’s Degree Examinations is eligible for registration

for the degree of Doctorate of philosophy.

4. Admission

CSIR / UGC-NET qualified candidates will be given preference. However in exceptional

cases, candidates without NET may be considered upon satisfactory performance in written

test / interview conducted by the University.

Mode: Full-time Regular program / Part-time Program



5. Structure of the Program

I. Course Work**

II. Comprehensive Viva (after passing the Course Work Examination) for confirmation of

Registration

III. Submission of the Synopsis of the Thesis & Thesis

IV. Defending the Thesis through Public Viva Voce.

6. Regulations:

Candidates who fulfill the eligibility requirements of the Bharathidasan University for

seeking admission to Ph.D. programs can pursue Ph.D. programs in the University

Course Structure

Course Code Course Title Credit

Course I PHDGRS Research Methodology 4

Course II

MTIGT0501 Geographic Information Systems

4

MTIGT0506Geomorphology and ModernGeodynamics

MTIGT0604Surface and Groundwaterhydrology and Management

MTIGT0704 Geoinformatics in Geohazards

MTIGT0901Hyperspectral Remote Sensing inGeotechnology

MTIGT0904Advanced Digital Image Processingin Geotechnology

MTIGT0905Geoinformatics In Coastal Dynamics And CoastalManagement

Course III

Topic of Pursuing Research

MTIGT0301 Physical Geology & Geodynamics

4

MTIGT0304 Satellite remote sensing

MTRS-21 Remote Sensing & GIS in Geology

MTRS-22 Remote Sensing & GIS in Geomorphology

MTRS-32 Remote Sensing & GIS in water resources

MTRS-12 Principles of Satellite Remote Sensing



Objectives:

An overview of the variety of research methods and the skills to determine which

research method best answer their research question.

Research challenges, including appropriate selection of design, research participants,

sample size, data collection, and selection of appropriate measures, data analysis and

interpretation of results are studied.

Students learn to advance their understanding of data analysis methods required to

interpret data collected during the course of the proposed research.

Syllabus:

Unit:1. RESEARCH: Important and need for research ethics: Scientific Research - Research

Design- Types and Topics - Significance of Research- Hypotheses - Definition of Scientific

Method - Formulation of Hypotheses –Synthesis & Originality. Defining the Research

Problem: What is Research Problem? Selecting the Problem, Necessity of and Techniques in

defining the problem

Methods of Data Collection: Collection of Primary Data - Observation Method - Interview

method - Collection of Data through questionnaire and Schedule - Other methods. Collection

of Secondary Data - Selection of appropriate method for data collection - Case Study Method -

Journals –Internet- writing of review of literature.

Documentation of Research work - Preparation of reports - outline of preparation report to

grow with the investigation – Introductory section- methodology - Interpretation of data –

Recommendations - Thesis work - Conventional format of reporting research - Specific parts

of thesis - Guidelines for writing the thesis.

Unit:2. SCIENTIFIC WRITING: Characteristics of scientific writing – logical format writing

thesis& papers – organisation of a scientific paper – title – abstract – introduction – review of

literature –materials and methods – results – effective presentation of data – discussion-

references style – reference systems.

Unit:3. COMPUTER APPLICATION IN SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH: Microsoft Word:

Preparing a research paper: MLA document style- margin –page setup- page number- header &

Footer page break – section break formatting- tracking changes & comments – Lists – working

with equation – mathematics symbols – tables- charts- graphs- spelling- grammar & thesaurus

Code Core course Name CreditMarks

I E T

PHDGRS Research Methodology 4 25 75 100



–mail merge- saving & printing the documents- converting documents to other applications &

other versions.

Introduction to Spread sheet package- Work book management File recovery - Worksheet

and Table basics Features and functions of spread sheet - creating spread sheet and enter data -

format worksheets - adding graphics, printing – Calculate - manipulate and analyse data -

custom calculations - consolidating worksheets - pivot tables - charts conservation and

compatibility.

Mathematical and Statistical Applications:

Introduction to statistical analysis- Regression analysis (Various types of regression analysis –

Simple- univariate- bivariate- linear- nonlinear) – Choice of variables – collection of relevant

variables- choice of the method of fitting the data – application of SPSS software in research.

Unit:4. SAMPLING TECHNIQUES FOR GEOLOGICAL STUDY: Introduction to sampling

theory - population senses – referesntative sampling - sampling frame random samples – non-

random samples – types of surveys – field surveys – base map preparation - objective of the

survey – sample populations – method of measurement – sample selection – organisation of the

field work – analysis of the data types of sampling and various analytical methods of sample.

Unit:5. GEOMATICS TECHNOLOGY IN GEO-EXPLORATION: Remote Sensing :- Aerial &

Satellite Remote Sensing – Basic Principles – Optical – Thermal – Microwave Remote Sensing

– Image Interpretation Keys and Geotechnical Elements.

Digital Image Processing:- Principles – Image Rectification & Restoration- Enhancement –

Classification Techniques. GIS: - Principles – Vector & Raster data Structures – Data Analysis

and Spatial Modelling. Spatial Decision Support System. GPS:- Basics – GPS Mapping

Application of Geomatics in Geo- Exploration

References:

1. Kothari, C.R., Research Methodology (Methods and Techniques), New Age Publisher

2. Fundamentals of modern statistical methods By Rand R. Wilcox

3. Power Analysis for Experimental Research A Practical Guide for the Biological, Medical

and Social Sciences by R. Barker Bausell, Yu-Fang Li Cambridge University Press

4. Design of Experiments: Statistical Principles of Research Design and Analysis, by Robert

O. Kuehl Brooke/Cole

5. Fundamentals of Computers by Rajaraman, Prentice Hall India Pvt. Limited

6. Microsoft Office Word 2007: Complete Concepts and Techniques by Gary B. Shelly,

Thomas J. Cashman, Misty E. Vermaat, Cengage Learning Inc.



Objectives:

To learn the basics and concepts of GIS

To know the components and importance of GIS

To study the capabilities of GIS in input, verification, analysis, modelling and output

generation

To understand the importance of manipulation and their applications

To learn the methods of spatial data analyses, simulation and modelling aspects.

Syllabus:

Unit:1. Basics of GIS: Definition - Usefulness of GIS - Components of GIS - Computer Hardware,

Software Modules and Organizational Context of GIS. 6 hrs

Unit:2. Data Structure: Data Structure in GIS - Types of Data (Points, Lines and Polygons)- Data

Base Structures (Raster Data Structures and Vector data Structures) - Data Conversion,

(Vector to Raster and Raster to Vector). 6 hrs

Unit:3. Data Input, Verification, Storage and Output: Spatial Data Input Processes and Devices

(Sources of data, - Different Types of Data Entry methods, viz., Manual input, Run length

code, Digitization, Automated Scanning, etc. - Vector to Raster conversion - Raster to

Vector conversion - Input devices) - Entry of non-spatial data - Linking of Spatial & Non-

spatial data - Data Verification (Errors of different types) - Correction (Rubber Sheet

Transformation, Bilinear interpolation, Cubic Convolution, use of topology) - GIS

capabilities for Data correction - Data output (Types of Output, GIS Capabilities for output,

Output devices). 12 hrs

Unit:4. Methods of Spatial Interpolation and Digital Elevation Model: Spatial Interpolation:

Basic Principles of Interpolation -Methods of Interpolation (Interpolation by Joining

Boundaries, viz., Simple vector maps, Theisson polygons) -Global Methodsof

Interpolation, Local Interpolation (Trend Surface Analysis) -Local Interpolation (Splines) -

Optimal Interpolation (Kriging).

Digital Elevation Modeling: Need For Three Dimensional Models - Methods of DEM -

Products of DTM (Contour Maps, Shaded Relief Map, Maps Related To Slopes, Line of

Sight Maps, Drainage Analysis, Volume Estimation, Fly-thru models, Anaglyph stereo

images) - Usefulness of DEM/DTM. 12 hrs


I E T

MTIGT 0501 Geographic Information Systems 4 25 75 100



Unit:5. Data Analysis and Spatial Modeling:Simple data retrieval - Data retrieval through

Boolean Logic - Data Pre-processing - Map Overlaying and Cartographic Modeling (Two

layers, Multiple layers, Binary, Index, Regression, and Process Models) - Overlay analysis,

Capabilities (Point Operations, Regional Operations, Neighbourhood Operations) -

Buffering - Cartographic Modeling using Natural Language Commands - Advantages and

disadvantages of Carto modeling - Post-processing of analysed outputs - Network analysis.

12 hrs

Unit:6. Current Contours: (Not for Final Exam only for Discussion):

Recent advancements in GIS; Application of GIS in automation, decision making and query

building processes in Geological Technology; Modules and capabilities of QUGIS,

GRAM++, IDRISI GIS software.

Text Books:

1. Burrough, P.A Principles of Geographical Information Systems for Land Resources

Assessment, Clarandone Press, Oxford, 1986.

2. Kang - Tsung Chang, Introduction to Geographic Information System, MC

Graw Hill, Boston. 2002.

References:

1. Campbell, J, Introductory Cartography, Printers Hall Englewood Cliffs, N.J, 1984.

2. Dent B.D, Principles of Thematic Map Design, Addition - Wesley, Reading, Mass. 1985.

3. Freeman, H and Pieroni, GG., Map Data Processing, Academic Press, New York. 1980.

4. Monmonier, M.A, Computer Assisted Cartography - Principles and Prospects, Prentice Hall,

Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1982.

5. Tomlinson, R.F Calkins, H.S and. Marble, D.F, Computer Handling of Geographic Data,

UNESCO, Geneva. 1976.

6. Graeme F. & Bonham Carter, Geographic Information Systems for Geoscientists, Modelling

with GIS, Pergamon Publications, 1994.

Course outcomes:

After the successful completion of this course, the students are able to:

Understand the basic concepts and virtues of this important tool providing various platforms

to handle Geospatial data

Gain basic ideas to generate, group, store Geospatial data in effective data structures

Develop skills on manipulation, 3D visualization, Spatial Analysis and Spatial Modeling.

Handle Geologic problems Geospatially in GIS platform independently.



Objectives:

To study the principles of landform development

To study the different types of landforms formed by the denudational and tectonic processes

To understand the fluvial and coastal processes and related landscape

To learn the Aeolian, volcanic and groundwater related landforms

To study the application of geomorphology in resources, hazards and environmental

assessment

Syllabus:

Unit:1. Introduction to Geomorphology: History - Development in geomorphology - Basic

Principles of Geomorphology, catastrophism, uniformitarianism - concept of geomorphic

cycle and evolution of landforms - Landforms in relation to climate, rock type, structure and

tectonics - endogenous and exogenous processes. 6 hrs

Unit:2. Denudational Geomorphology: Need for studying the denudational geomorphology -

Process of physical and chemical weathering -Process and types of Mass wasting - Types of

landforms, Summit Zone landforms, Slope Zone landforms, Foot hill zone landforms, plain

zone landforms and their expressions and manifestations in field, aerial photographs and

satellite image.

Tectonic Geomorphology:Need for Studying the Tectonic Geomorphology - Types of

Landforms, Structural Hills, Tors complexes, Horizontal Landforms, Landforms in

marginally deformed rocks, landforms related to folding, landforms related to faulting -

Their expressions in field, Aerial Photographs and Satellite Images. 12 hrs

Unit:3. Fluvial Geomorphology: Need for studying the Fluvial Geomorphology - Drainages

(Classification, Morphology and Types) - Life Cycle of River Systems - Constructional and

Destructional Landforms (in Youthful, Mature and Old Stages of river) -migratory behavior

of rivers - Deltas of Tamil Nadu - Manifestation of Fluvial Landforms in field, Aerial

Photographs and Satellite Images

Coastal Geomorphology: Need for Studying Coastal Geomorphology - Coastal Zone

Processes, waves, currents and tides - Classification of Shorelines - destructional and

constructional coastal landforms - Manifestations of Coastal Landforms in Field, Aerial

Photographs and Satellite Images. 12 hrs


I E T

MTIGT 0506 Geomorphology and ModernGeodynamics

3 25 75 100



Unit:4. Aeolian Geomorphology: Need for Studying Aeolian Geomorphology - Processes in Arid

Region - Landform Types and Morphology, landforms of wind erosion, landforms of wind

deposition - Manifestations of Aeolian Land Forms (in field, Aerial Photographs and

Satellite Images

Volcanic Geomorphology: Need For Studying Volcanic Geomorphology - Different

Volcanic Landforms and their Manifestations (in field, Aerial Photographs and Satellite

Images).

Ground Water Generated Landforms: Need for its Study -Karst topography, Karst

Landforms - Their Expressions (In Field, Air Photo and Satellite Images).

Bio-genic Landforms: Need For its Study -Landform Types - Their Expressions (In Field,

Air Photo and Satellite Images).

Glacial Geomorphology: Need For its Study -Landform Types - Their Expressions (In

Field, Air Photo and Satellite Images). 12 hrs

Unit:5. Applied Geomorphology: Geomorphic indicators of Neotectonic movements: Stream

channel morphology changes, drainage modifications, fault reactivation, Uplift -Application

of geomorphology in mineral exploration, water resources inventory, oil exploration, civil

engineering, environmental appraisal and natural disaster mapping and mitigation. 6 hrs


Landscape of Tamil Nadu; Landform development in east coast of Tamil Nadu; Landscape

of Western Ghats and Eastern Ghats; Geomorphic processes and landforms of major deltas

of India; Development of Himalayan landforms.

Text Books:

1. Thornbury, W.D., Principles of Geomorphology, John Wiley and Sons, 2nd Edition, New

York. 1985.

2. Jha. V.C., Geomorphology and Remote Sensing, ACB Publications.

3. Verstappen, H. Remote Sensing in Geomorphology, Elsevier, Amsterdam. 1977.

4. American Society of Photogrammetry, Manual of Remote Sensing, ASP Falls Church,

Virginia. 1983.

5. Drury, S.A A guide to Remote Sensing Interpreting Images of Earth, Oxford Science

Publications, Oxford. 1990.

6. Gupta R.P Remote Sensing Geology, Springer - Verlag - New York, London, 1991.

7. Gary L.Prost Remote Sensing For Geologists - A Guide to Image Interpretation, Gordon and

Breach Science Publishers, The Netherlands. 1997.

8. Doehring, Geomorphology in Arid Regions, Allen and Unwin, London. 1980.

9. Verstappen,H. Applied Geomorphology, Elsevier, Amsterdam. 1983.



10. Ramasamy, SM. Trends in Geological Remote Sensing - Rawat Publishers, Jaipur, 1996.

11. Rao. D.P, Remote Sensing for Earth Resources - Association of Exploration Geophysicists,

2nd Edition, Hyderabad, 1999.

12. Surendra Singh, Geomorphology and Remote Sensing in Environmental Management,

Scientific publishers, 1992.

13. Tripathi. N.K. Remote Sensing in Geosciences, Anmol Publications, 1998.

14. David Paine, Aerial Photography & Image Interpretation for Resource Management, John

Wiley & Sons, 1981.

15. Keller E.A., Environmental Geology, CBS Publishers, 1985.

16. Chouhan. T.S., Applied Remote Sensing and Photo Interpretation, Vigyan Prakashan, 1996.

17. Rice R.J, Fundamentals of Geomorphology, E.L.B.S, Longman, 1988.

18. Chouhan, T.S., Readings in Remote Sensing Applications, Scientific publishers, 1992.

19. Ramasamy, SM., Remote Sensing in Geology, Rawat Publishers

20. Ramasamy, SM., Remote Sensing in Geomorphology, New India Publishing Agency, New

Delhi, 2005.

21. Ramasamy, SM., C.J. Kumanan, The Indian Context -Allied Publishers, Chennai.

22. Ramasamy, SM., C.J. Kumanan, Sivakumar, Bhoopsingh, Geomatics in Tsunami, New India

Publishing Agency, New Delhi.

Course outcomes:

After the completion of the course students will be able to understand:

Principles of landform formation and its significant

Origin of Landforms related to weathering, river action, coastal processes, volcanic activity,

wind movement, glacial processes, etc.

Understand the recent geological processes by analyzing the landforms

Evaluate the Landforms with reference to the resources like water, mineral and oil resources

Evaluate the landforms with reference to the various disasters like earthquakes, landslides,

volcanic eruption, glacial avalanches, tsunami, etc.



Objectives:

To know the potential sources, origin, occurrences of water resources

To understand the concepts of water resources prospecting, water quality mapping and conservation

To learn the capabilities of Geoinformatics and its applications for water resources targeting, quantification,

budgeting and management

To learn the Geological Technology and Geoinformatics in understanding the functions of aquifers and

groundwater movement

To learn the basics and applications of hydrogeological models.

Syllabus:

Unit:1. Surface Water Resources: Hydrological Cycle - Global Distribution of Surface water

Bodies -Drainage Morphometry -Sources of Surface water -Snow, Rainfall and groundwater

table. Modelling assumptions - choice of equation - phenomena and model geometry -

choice of variables and parameters - data and knowledge acquisition - model building -

calibration and verification, results presentation. 12 hrs

Unit:2. Geoinformatics in Surface Water Resources: Satellite data based Surface water budgeting

and Quantification -Automated drainage Mapping Using DEM -Spectral Response Pattern

of Water -Water quality mapping and monitoring using Remote Sensing -Infra Red data

based Water Quantity Forecasting -Water quality Mapping and Monitoring using satellite

data. 12 hrs

Unit:3. Groundwater Resources:Groundwater Origin & Occurrence: Sources of Groundwater -

Classification of Groundwater. Aquifer Types: Crystalline Aquifer, Sedimentary aquifer,

Unconsolidated Sedimentary Aquifer, Geomorphic aquifer.Targeting:General

Investigations- Geological mapping- Geological Cross sections- Well inventory-

Geophysical Methods-Drilling and Exploration - Pump tests - Groundwater Assessment and

Budgeting - Issues and conservation Strategies. 16 hrs

Unit:4.Geoinformatics in Groundwater Resources: Geoinformatics and evaluation of

lithologically controlled, Structurally controlled and Geomorphologically controlled

aquifers -Concept of Hydro geomorphic mapping. Natural and Artificial recharge site


I E T

MTIGT 0604 Geoinformatics in WaterResources Management

4 25 75 100



selection - detection of site specific mechanisms -Quantification of allowable recharge.

12 hrs

Unit:5. Hydrological Models: Surface Water Hydrological Models:Snow melt Runoff modeling -

GIS based Runoff modeling -Various hydrological models using Geoinformatics models for

Inter watershed water transfer. Groundwater models: Stochastic -MOD Flow- Linear -Finite

Element Modeling. 12 hrs

Unit:6. Current Contours: (Not for Final Exam only for Discussion): Hydrogeological Information

System; Hydrological models in GIS, Use of Digital Image Processing methods for surface water prospecting;

Use of high resolution DEM for surface water quantification; Use of tracers to understand the aquifer

characters, recharge behaviours and contaminant transport through groundwater.

Text Books:

1. David Keith Todd, Groundwater Hydrology, Wiley Student Edition.

2. Raghunath H.M., Ground Water, New Age International (P) Limited Publishers, 1987.

3. Ramakrishnan. S. Groundwater, 1998.

References:

1. Chang, H.H. Fluvial processes in river engineering, John Wiley and Sons, New York. 1988.

2. Bedient, P.B, Hydrology and flood Plain analysis, Addision westery publishing company.

1988.

3. Driscoll, F.S. Groundwater & Wells, 2nd Edition, Scientific Publishers, Joclpur, 1986.

4. Karanth K.R., Groundwater Assessment Development and Management, Tata McGraw Hill

Publishing Company Limited, New Delhi, 1987.

5. Clorer. R.C., Groundwater Management.

6. Scalf M.R., Manual of SW Quality Sampling procedure

7. Mutreja, K.N Applied Hydrology, Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Company Limited, New

Delhi, 1986.

8. Thomann R.V, Principles of Surface Water Quality Modelling and Control, HIE, Harper &

Row, Publishers, New York, 1987.

9. Mohammed Ali, George E Radosevich, Water Resource Policy for Asia, A. A.

Balkema/Rotterdam/Boston, 1987.

10. Mcdonald AT, Water Resources : Issues and Strategies, Longman Scientific & Technical,

1988.

11. Pillai, K.M., Water Management and Planning, Himalaya Publishing House, 1987.



12. Gower. A.M., Water Quality in Catchment Ecosystem, John Willey & Sons, 1980.

13. Ramesam. V. Trends in Groundwater Research, The Geological Society of India, Bangalore,

1987.

14. Trivedi, R.N., Shatrunjay Kumar Sing, Water Resources and Quality Management,

Commonwealth Publishers, New Delhi, 1990.

15. Fetter C.W. Applied Hydrology, CBS Publishers & Distributors, 1988.

16. Gautam Mahajan. Groundwater Surveys and investigations, Ashish Publishing House, New

Delhi, 1995.

17. Chow V.T., maidment, D.R., and Mays, L.W. applied Hydrology, McGraw Hill, New

York,pp.530 to 537. 1988.

18. Deman, MCJ. Smith G.S and H.T.Verstappen (eds), Remote Sensing for resources

development and environmental management, A.A.Ballkema Publishers, Totterdam,

Netherlands. 1986.

19. Fraysee, G. (ed), Remote Sensing application agriculture and hydrology, A.A.Balkema

Publishers, Totterdam., 1980.

20. Paine, D.P, Aerial photography and image interpretation for resource management, Wiley

and Sons, New York. 1981.

21. Solomonson, V.V and P.D.Bharsan, The contribution of space observations to water

resources management, Paragamon press, New York. 1980.

22. Johnson, A.I, Hydrologic applications of space technology, IAHS Publication, No. 165, 1985.

23. Engman, E.T and R.J.Gurney, Remote Sensing in Hydrology, Chapman and Hall publishers.

1991.

24. Hall.D.K, Remote Sensing of Ice and Snow, Chapman and Hall, 1985.

25. Govardhan, V., Remote Sensing and Water Management in Command areas, International

Book Distributing Co., Lucknow, India, 1993.

26. Muralikrishna, I.V Spatial information Technology (Remote Sensing & GIS) Vol. I & II,

B.S. Publications, 2001.

27. Ramasamy, SM., Remote Sensing in Water Resources, Rawat Publishers, Jaipur.

28. Foster, T.Gurnell, A.M., ans Petts, G.E., (eds), Sediment and water quality in river

catchments, John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, 1995. (Ed. Vol)

29. Goodchild, M.J., Parks, B.C., and Steyaert.L.T. (ed) Environmental Modeling with GIS,

OxfordUniversity Press, 1993. (Ed. Vol).



Course outcomes:

After the successful completion of this course, the students are able to:

Understand the availability, sources and importance of the water resources prospect for both surface and

groundwater resources using Geoinformatics technology

Determine the types of aquifers, their characteristics and their recouperation ability

Delineate suitable sites and mechanisms for natural and artificial recharge

Understand the application of Geoinformatics technology for surface and groundwater resources exploration,

targetting, quantification, budgetting, conservation and management

Learn the application of Geological technology and Geoinformatics tools in developing various hydrological

models.



Objectives:

To study the Earthquake, Plate Tectonics, Neo-Active Seismotectonics

To study the Landslides and Slope Stability

To learn the various types of coastal disaster management and mitigation

To learn the causes and remedial measures for flood

To understand the volcanic, glacial and environmental disasters

Syllabus:

Unit:1. Earthquake Plate Tectonics, Neo-Active Seismotectonics: Introduction to geohazards,

classification of natural disasters- Earthquake and its causes, Elastic rebound theory, plate

tectonics and earthquakes, earthquake belts of the world, fault associated earthquakes -

types and nature of seismic waves - intensity and magnitude of earthquake - Warning and

prediction of earthquake, Remote Sensing techniques in warning and prediction of

earthquakes - Neo-Active Seismotectoncs, mapping of Lineament anomalies - Geomorphic

anomalies (Tectonic, Denudational, Fluvial, Coastal & Aeolian) -Geophysical anomalies -

Ground water anomalies - historic seismic data analysis - Micro seismic zonation - GIS

integration and risk assessment. 12 hrs

Unit:2. Landslides and Slope Stability: Mass wasting, morphology and classification of Landslides

- Causes and triggering factors of landslide: geomorphological, geological, hydro-

meteorological parameters- Remote Sensing and GIS based Landslide Hazards Zonation

Mapping: Integrated Land system Analysis, Information Value, Weight of Evidence, Index

Overlay and BIS Methods - Factor of safety - Risk assessment - Mitigation Strategies.

12 hrs

Unit:3. Coastal disasters: Tsunami: Causes of Tsunami - Characteristics of Tsunami wave, velocity

and speed of Tsunami - Tsunami generation belts of world - Historical Tsunami inundation

- Causes of 26th December 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami - Tsunami propagation and

inundation models: Method of Splitting Tsunami (MOST) Model - tsunami inundation and

run up mapping - offshore configuration vs tsunami run up - coastal geomorphology and

geometry vs tsunami inundation - Mitigation strategies. Other Coastal Hazards: Coastal

Erosion - Saltwater intrusion - Global warming and Sea level rise - Tropical cyclone - Storm

surges - Remote Sensing and GIS based coastal vulnerability mapping. 12 hrs


I E T

MTIGT 0704 Geoinformatics in Natural DisasterMitigation and Management

3 25 75 100



Unit:4. Flood: Definition, types and causes of flood - controlling factors of flood - Remote Sensing

and GIS in flood mapping, prediction, warning, monitoring, flood preparedness, relief and

rescue action, flood mitigation - Run-off Estimation: Soil Conservation Service (SCS)

method- Flood scenario of India and Tamil Nadu - 2015 Chennai flood - Flood vulnerability

mapping using historical flood data and post flood Remote Sensing data - Detection of

causative factors of flood - Remedial strategies. 6 hrs

Unit:5. Other Geohazards. Drought: Causes and types, Meteorological drought, Hydrological

drought, Agricultural drought, Socio-economic drought, drought indices and drought

detection- Remote and GIS in prediction, warning, mapping and management of drought.

Volcanic hazards: Nature of volcanic hazards, Factors determine violence of volcanic

eruption - volcano exclusivity index - role of remote sensing in prediction and fore warning

of volcanic eruption. Glacial: Types of glacial hazards - Remote Sensing and GIS in glacial

hazards mapping and mitigation - Soil erosion: types and causes of soil erosion - controlling

factors - Estimation of soil erosion, Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) - Remote Sensing

and GIS in soil erosion mapping and mitigation. 12 hrs


Major disasters of India; Major disasters of Tamil Nadu; Disasters of Western Ghats, central

plains and coastal region of Tamil Nadu; Principles and development of disaster

management support system.

References:

1. Chouhan.T.S., Joshi, K.N., Applied Remote Sensing and Photo Interpretation, Vigyan

Prakashan, 1996.

2. Chouhan, T.S., Joshi, K.N., Readings in Remote Sensing Applications, Scientific publishers,

1992.



Delhi, 2005.

5. Ramasamy, SM., C.J. Kumanan, The Indian Context -Allied Publishers, Chennai.

6.Ramasamy, SM., C.J. Kumanan, Sivakumar, Bhoop Singh, Geomatics in Tsunami, New India


7.Ramasamy, SM., Remote Sensing in Geomorphology, New India Publishing Agency, New

Delhi, 2007.



Course Outcomes


Various natural disastersUtility of various minerals

Role of Geoinformatics in disaster management and mitigation

Relation between the different types of disasters and different types of regions

Where the earthquake, landslide, tsunami, volcanic eruption, etc. occur

Preparation of disaster management plans

Major mineral deposits of India

Mineral deposits from remote sensing



Objectives:

To study the principles of hyperspectral remote sensing

To study the character and limitation of hyperspectral data

To learn the preprocessing of hyperspectral data

To learn the various classification techniques of hyperspectral data

To understand the application of hyperspectral data in various fields.

Syllabus:

Unit:1.Principles of hyperspectral Remote Sensing:Introduction: Definition, Multispectral vs

hyperspectral remote sensing - Spectral Signatures in the vsible, near infrared and

shortwave infrared regions of EMR for soil, water and vegetation - Limitations, issues and

characters of Hyperspectral Data - spectroscopy, imaging spectroscopy - Causes of

reflection and absorption of EMR: electronic and vibrational processes of absorption and

identification of various minerals and materials - specific spectral absorption feature of

water (H2O), hydroxyl (OH), Carbonate (CO3), Organics, Ices, vegetation - continuum

removal and Spectral Feature Comparison. 12 hrs

Unit:2. Hyperspectral data and Imaging sensors:Principles of operation, specifications of various

sensors: Airborne (CASI, AVIRIS, HYDICE, DAIS, etc.) - Space borne (Hyperion, Modis,

CHRIS, MERIS, Chandrayan-1, etc.) - Ground based (Spectroradiometer)- capability of

spectrometer (spectral range, spectral bandwidth, spectral sampling, and signal-to-noise

ratio (S/N)) - Hyperspectral data cube - spectral library, JHU (John Hopkins University)

Laboratory, Jet propulsion laboratory, USGS (United States Geological Survey) Spectral

laboratory - Factors controlling the quality and information in spectra. 12 hrs

Unit:3. Preprocessing of hyper spectral data: Atmospheric Correction: Atmospheric effects,

atmospheric scattering and absorption processes- Atmospheric correction models:

empirical models (Flat Field Correction, Internal Average Relative Reflectance); Physics /

absolute atmospheric correction models (ATREM, ATREM - EFFORT, ACORN and

FLAASH). Noise Estimation and dimensionality reduction in Hyperspectral Data: Data

Redundancy, problems with dimensionality, Principal Component Analysis, Minimum


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Noise Fraction (MNF), Pixel Purity Index (PPI), n-Dimensional Visualizer and endmembers

collection 16 hrs

Unit:4. Classification of Hyper spectral images:Spectral Angle Mapper - Spectral Correlation

Mapper-Support Vector Machine - Spectral Feature Fitting - Spectral unmixing (Linear -

Constrained Unmixing)- Matched filtering, Mixture Tuned Matched Filtering technique -

Spectral Derivative Analysis: first-order and and second- order derivative spectra and

application. 12 hrs

Unit:5. Applications:Applications of hyperspectral image analysis in mineral exploration,

vegetation, quantification of biophysical parameters, forestry, soil mapping and water

quality studies. 12 hrs

Unit:6.Current Contours: (Not for Final Exam only for Discussion):

Chandrayaan hyperspectral sensors and its significance; recent scientific development in

hyperspectral remote sensing; discuss about research papers published in hyperspectral

remote sensing.

References:

1. American Society of Photogrammetry, Manual of Remote Sensing (2nd Edition), ASP Falls

Church, Virginia, 1983.

2. Lillisand, T.M. and Kiefer, P.W, Remote Sensing and Image interpretation, John

Wiley&Sons, New York.1986

3. Hord R.Michel, Remote Sensing Methods and Application, John Wiley and Sons.1986.

4. Alexay Bunkin& Konstantin Volia.K, - Laser Remote Sensing of the Ocean Methods &

Publications.JohnWiley& Sons, NewYork, 2001.

Course Outcomes:

After the completion of the course students will be able to:

Understand the principles of Hyperspectral Remote Sensing

Know about the various pre and post processing of hyperspectral data

Familiarization to classification of hyperspectral data

Application of hyperspectral remote sensing in water, mineral and oil resources mapping

Application of Hyperspectral data in environmental studies



Objectives:

To introduce the relevance of Geoinformatics to Urban Planning and Management

To expose recent developments in Geoinformatics for Urban Planning and Management

To sensitize the importance of Inclusive urban planning towards sustainable development

Syllabus:

Unit 1 : INTRODUCTION TO URBAN PLANNING: Concepts of Urbanization and Urban Areas

- Evolution of City Building - Urban Design in classical and pre-industrial period – History

- Theories of City Development and Planning Theories Urban Growth and System of Cities

- City – Metro and Mega Cities: Problems and Issues - Human Settlement Planning, Urban

Development Policies and Programmes 9 hrs

Unit 2 : URBAN ECOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENT: Components of natural and built

environment, Ecosystems and their relevance to environment, resources and human

settlements, Modifications in natural environment, causes and consequences. Impact of

urbanization and industrialization on nature, and urban ecosystem. Integrated resource

planning approach. Sustainability and environmental criteria for location of human

settlements, Ecological parameters for planning at different levels: site planning, settlement

planning and regional planning. Pollution types, sources and remedies. 9 hrs

Unit 3 :REMOTE SENSING FOR URBAN STUDIES: Remote Sensing in Urban Planning -

Scope and Limitations – Scale and Resolution requirements – Spectral characteristics of

Urban Features– High Resolution, Thermal, Hyperspectral and Microwave Remote Sensing

for Urban area analysis – Aerial and Ground based Sensors – UAVs – Laser Scanners

Urban Modelling – Urban Land use and Land cover Classification – Change Detection –Urban Heat Island Urban Air quality mapping - Noise pollution modeling - 3D City

Modeling – Flood Modeling in Urban Areas - Geoinformatics for Smart Cities. 9 hrs

Unit 4: URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE PLANNING: Transport, Energy/ Utilities, protection of

the environment and safety; Water Supply and Sanitation - Solid Waste Disposal and

Management - Fire and Electrification and Social Infrastructure Governance. 9 hrs

Unit 5: URBAN INFORMATION SYSTEM: Classification of information and data; Information

collection - traditional methods, drawbacks, need for alternative technology; Topographical

maps – sources, Survey of India (SOI) specifications, Study of SOI grids; Traditional


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Measurement units Geoinformatics in Plan Formulation and Review – Population

Estimation– Property Tax Assessment and Management -Urban Renewal Planning – case

studies. 9 hrs

Unit 6 :Current Contours: (Not for Final Exam only for Discussion): Smart Cities Concepts:

challenges facing urban environments - frames and attributes of a smart city

Text book

1. Netzband, Maik; Stefanov, William L.; Redman, Charles (Eds.)¸Applied Remote Sensing for

Urban Planning, Governance and Sustainability, Springer, 1st Edition, 2007

2. Rashed, Tarek; Jürgens, Carsten (Eds.), Remote Sensing of Urban and Suburban Areas,

Springer, 1st Edition. 2010

Reference

1. Jean-Paul Donnay, Michael John Barnsley, Remote sensing and urban analysis, 1st Edition,

Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2005

2. QihaoWeng, Dale A. Quattrochi (Eds), Urban Remote Sensing, 1st edition, CRC Press, 2006

Course Outcomes:

At the end of the course the student will be able to understand

The basics of Urban mapping and Plan preparation.

The application of remote sensing in urban mapping.

The role of remote sensing in preparation of urban plans.

The modeling techniques for modeling and prediction of future land use scenarios



Objectives:

To get familiarized in the basic coastal zone processes and coastal dynamics

Undertand the various environmental problems affecting the coast / offshore areas

To acquire knowledge in the applications of remote sensing in Coastal zone management.

To acquire skills as efficient Coastal Zone Managers and apply knowledge in the sustainable

development of the coast.

Syllabus:

Unit:1. Coastal Dynamics and Geomorphology: Origin of seas and oceans -Ocean Morphology -

Oceanic crust and Ocean margins -Sea Bottom Topography -Continental Margin, Shelf,

Slope, Sub marine canyon -Ocean basin floor -Abyssal hills, plains & gaps -Mid oceanic

rise & ridges -Application of ETOPO and other satellite data in sea bed

morphology.Circulation of the Ocean -Waves -Tides -Classification of Shorelines -Estuaries

and related environments - Deltas and its types -Barrier Island complex -Rocky coast -

Reefs -Continental shelf -Outer Continental margin - Constructional and Destructional

Landforms( in Emerging, Submerging, Neutral and Compound -Coasts) - Manifestations of

Coastal Landforms ( in Field, Aerial Photographs and Satellite Images). 12 hrs

Unit:2. Environmental Concerns: Environmental Concerns - Characteristics of Pollution -

Sediment - Oil pollution and Industrial wastes - Sewage discharges - Toxic algal blooms -

Eutropication - Thermal discharge - Human Impact - Bathymetry using satellite data.

12 hrs

Unit:3.Coastal management Applications Sensors / Platforms: Remote sensing in Coastal zone

management, Spatial, Spectral, Radiometric and Temporal resolutions, Sensors, ETM,

IKONOS, SPOT X S, sea WIFS, ERS, Along track scanning radiometer (ASTR),

OCEANSAT, RADARSAT, accuracies with different sensors, Limitations. 12 hrs

Unit:4. Principles of Integrated Coastal Zone Management: Basic principle, Database

management, ICZM model concept, Matrix approach to coastal interactions, solutions to the

problems. 12 hrs

Socio, Economic and Legal aspects of Coastal Zone Management: Stake holder

identification, Protocols in management of Ocean, Coastal seas and Lands, Legal controls


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which affect use of National coastal zones, Laws on coastal regulation zone.

16 hrs

Unit:5. Integrated Coastal Zone Management Applications: The ICZM development process:

Demonstration, Consolidation, Extension, Coastal Bio-diversity, Coastal environmental

impact assessment, Resource allocation conflict, Sustainable development, case studies.

12 hrs

Unit:6. Current Contours: (Not for Final Exam only for Discussion): Indian legislations for

coastal environmental protection –– environmental policy – Rio conventions –Jakarta

Mandate – wetlands - Ramsar convention – Future of ICZM

References:

1. Gupta R.P, Remote Sensing Geology, Springer - Verlag - New York-London, 1991

2. Gary L.Prost, Remote Sensing for Geologists - A Guide to Image interpretation, Gordon and

Breach Science Publishers, The Netherlands, 1997.

3. Thornbury, W.D, Principles of Geomorphology (2nd Edition) John Wiley and Sons, New

York, 1985.

4. Verstappen, H, Remote Sensing in Geomorphology, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1977.

5. Verstappen,H, Applied Geomorphology, Elsevier, Amsterdam,1983.

6. Jha. V.C., Geomorphology and Remote Sensing, ACB Publications, 2000.

7. Surendra Singh; Geomorphology and Remote Sensing in Environmental Management,

Scientific publishers, 1992.

8. Keller E.A., Environmental Geology, CBS Publishers, 1985.

9. Rice R.J. Fundamentals of Geomorphology, E.L.B.S, Longman, 1988.

10. Chouhan, T.S., Joshi, K.N., Readings in Remote Sensing Applications, Scientific publishers,

1992.


Delhi, 2005.

12. Edwards, A.J. (Ed.) Applications of Satellite and Airborne Image data to coastal

management. Coastal region and Small Island papers N0.4 (UNESCO, Paris), 1999.

13. Green, E.P., Mumby, P.J., Edwards, A.J. and Clark, C.D. (Ed. A.J. Edwards). Remote

Sensing handbook for tropical coastal management. Coastal management source books.3.

UNESCO, Paris. X + 316, 2000.



14. Clark,J, Handbook for Coastal zone Management. NY and London, Lewis Publishers

Kenchington R.et.al (Eds) ICZM Training manual, Bangkok: UNEP post J,1996.

15. Lundin CG, Guidelines for integrated coastal zone management. World banm

environmentally sustainable development series, 1996.

Course Outcomes:

At the end of the course the student will be able to understand

Apply knowledge in solving various issues affecting the coastal environment

Ability to mitigate and solve any coastal zone management issues in an integrated manner.



Course III

Objectives:

To study the basic principles and understand the scientific methods of Geology.

To understand the solar system, origin, evolution and age of the Earth

To understand the internal structure and it’s dynamics of the Earth.

To understand the types of weathering of rocks and minerals those occur as a result of

depositional landforms.

To study the role of plate tectonics which form seafloor spreading, continental drifting,

hotspots and maintaining of Isotasy

Syllabus:

Unit:1. Perspectives of Geology: Geology and the Scientific Method, Earth Materials: Minerals,

Rocks, and Fossils, Branches of Geology-Relative and absolute dating, Determining

Chronological Order and the Geologic Time Scale.-Relation of Geology with other Sciences

(Physics, Chemistry, Biology and Social Sciences- An introduction to basic principles of

geology. 12 hrs

Unit:2. Solar System and Earth: Solar system-Formation of earth, Density and Movement of the

Earth -Gravitational field of Earth -Origin of the Earth and Age of the Earth (various

Hypothesis, concepts and Theories. 12 hrs

Unit:3. Interior of the Earth: Structure of the Earth Interior (Crust, Mantle and Core) -Earthquakes

(Origin and Effects, Earthquake Belts, Epicenter, Seismograph, Magnitude Scale) -

Volcanoes (Types and Causes, Types of Eruption, Diapirism). 12 hrs

Unit:4. Weathering; Weathering of minerals and rocks/Types of weathering-Physical/ Mechanical

Weathering, Chemical Weathering, and Biological weathering. Landforms- Erosional

landforms by river, wind and glacial actions. Depositional landforms by river, wind and

glacial action. 12 hrs

Unit:5. Plate Tectonics Continental Drift, Paleomagnetism, Seafloor Spreading, Subduction,

Moving Plates and Plate Boundaries, Hotspots: A Plate Tectonic Enigma. Isostasy-

Mountain Building activities. 12 hrs


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A) Stratigraphic terms B) Geological Time C) Geological Systems. Correlation of formation

in India and world.The International Commission on Stratigraphy is the largest and oldest

constituent scientific body in the International Union of Geological Sciences (IUGS).

International Stratigraphic Guide. Correlation of world stratigraphy.

Text Books:

1. Diane H. Carlson, Charles C. Plummer, Lisa Hammersley Physical Geology (15th Edition) .

2. P.J. Wyllie,The Dynamic Earth, John Wiley and Sons. 1971.

3. J.A. Jacobs, Physics and Geology, R.D. Russel and J.T.Wilson,

4. Duff. P.Mcl.D,Principles of Physical Geology - Holmes, 4th Ed. Chapman and Hall, London.

1992

5. Girija Bhushan Mahapatra, A Text Book of Geology, CBS Publishers & Distributors,

4596/1A, 11 Daryaganj, New Delhi, 1987.

6. Girija Bhushan Mahapatra, Text Book of Physical Geology, CBS Publishers & Distributors,

4596/1A, 11 Daryaganj, New Delhi, 1994

References:

1. International Series in the Earth Sciences, Mc Graw Hill Book Co., 1959.

2. B.F. Windley,The Evolving Continents, John Wiley & Sons, 1978.

3. Allen Cox,Plate Tectonics, Freeman and Company, 1973.

4. Porters and Skinner - Principles of Geology, Printice Hall,

5. Marie Morisawa, Rivers Forms and Process, Geomorphology Texts, Longman Group

Limited, 1985.

6. Jauhari V.P., Sustaining River Linking, A Mittal Publications, A-110, Mohan Garden, New

Delhi, 2005.

7. Carter R.W.G, Coastal Environments, An Introduction to the Physical, Ecological and

Cultural Systems of Coast lines, Academic Press Limited, 1988.

8. Lecture Notes - Remote Sensing Applications in Coastal Geomorphology and Coastal zone

Resources, January 3-30, 1991, Sponsored by University Grants Commission, 1991.

9. David H.K. Amiran and Andrew W. Wilson, Coastal Deserts - Their Natural and Human

Environments, The University of Arizona Press, Tucson, Arizona, 1973.

10. Ramachandra T.V., Rajasekara Murthy C., and Ahalya N. Restoration of Lakes and

Wetlands, Allied Publishers (P) Limited, 751, Anna Salai, Chennai, 2002.



Course outcomes:


The perspectives of Geology and related subjects.

The Solar system, the formation of earth and its hypothesis.

Internal structure of the Earth and its dynamic activities.

“Uniformitarianisam” Present is the key to the past.

Plate Tectonic theories ant its causes.



Objectives:

To understand the fundamental concepts of Remote Sensing

To acquire knowledge in the various types of remote sensing and its usage

To understand about the characteristics of different satellites / sensors.

Syllabus:

Unit:1. Principles of Remote Sensing:Definition - History & Concepts - Electromagnetic Radiation

(Source, Mode of Energy transfer, Radiation Principles, Black body radiation). 10 hrs

Unit:2. Electro Magnetic Radiation (EMR): EMR Spectrum - EMR Interaction with Atmosphere

(Absorption, Scattering & Atmospheric windows) - EMR Interaction with Earth surface

(Absorption & reflection) - Spectral Response pattern - Energy budgeting in Remote

Sensing. 10 hrs

Unit:3. Sensors and Platforms:Resolutions (Spectral, Spatial, Temporal, Radiometric) - Platforms -

Sensors - Scanning & Orbiting Mechanism of Satellites and Data Acquisition. Optical

Remote Sensing: Basic concepts -Optical sensors and scanners. 12 hrs

Unit:4. Thermal & Microwave Remote Sensing: Thermal Remote Sensing:Basic concepts -

Thermal sensors & scanners - Thermal Inertia. Microwave Remote Sensing: Basic concepts

- Microwave sensors and Radiometers - Geometric characters - Radargrammetry (SLAR /

SAR)- LIDAR -Hyper spectral Remote Sensing: basic concepts. 20 hrs

Unit:5. Remote Sensing Satellites ( LANDSAT Series - IRS Series - IRS-P series -Cartosat - Spot

Series - ASTER, MODIS -IKONOS -QUICKBIRD - ORBVIEW -ERS)- Meteorological

Satellites -Shuttle Mission -Developments of Remote Sensing in India - Future Remote

Sensing Missions). 12 hrs

Unit:6. Current Contours: (Not for Final Exam only for Discussion): Russian and Chinese Space

programme (recent earth observation satellites and launchers- High resolution satellites

Text Books:

1. Lillesand, T.M. And P.W.Kiefer, Remote Sensing and Image Interpretation, John Wiley &

Sons, New York. Third Edition, 2007.

2. Curran, P. Principles of Remote Sensing, Longman, London. 1985.


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3. Sabins, F.F.Jr., Remote Sensing Principles and Interpretation, Freeman, Sanfrancisco. 1978.

References:

1. American Society of Photogrammetry, Manual of Remote Sensing, ASP Falls Church,

Virginia. 2nd Volume, 1983.

2. Lo.C.P. Applied Remote Sensing, Longman, London. 1986.

3. Richadson, B.F.Jr. (Ed), Introduction to Remote Sensing of the Environment, Kendall / Hunt,

Dubuque, Iowa. 1978.

4. Burney, S.S, Application of Thermal Imaging, Adam Hilger Publications, 1988.

5. Drury S.A, A Guide to Remote Sensing - Interpreting Images of Earth, Oxford Science

Publications, Oxford. 1990.

6. Floyd M. Henderson, Principles & Applications of Imaging Radar, John Wiley & Sons, New

York. 1998.

7. Duda, R.D and P.E.Hart Pattern Classification And Scene Analysis, Wiley Interscience, New

York. 1972.

8. Jensen, J.R Introductory Digital Image Processing: A Remote Sensing Perspective, Prentice-

Hall, New York. 1986.

9. Pratt, S.K. Digital Image Processing, Wiley - Inter Science, New York. 1978.

10. Schowengerdt, R.A Techniques For Image Processing And Classification In Remote Sensing,

Academic Press, New York. 1983.

11. Nilblack, W An Introduction To Digital Image Processing, III Edition, Prentice Hall

International. 1986.

12. Jain AK Fundamentals of Digital Image Processing, Prentice Hall, N.J1989.

13. Hord M.P, Digital Image Processing or Remotely Sensed Data, Academic Press. 1982.

14. Wilson,W.J, Principles of Artificial Intelligence, Springier Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg. 1980.

15. Nag P. & M. Kudrat, Digital Remote Sensing, Concept Publishing Co., New Delhi, 1998.

16. Paul Mather, Computer Processing of Remotely-Sensed Images An Introduction, Third

Edition, John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, West Sussex. 2004.

Course outcomes

Utility of different satellites sensors

Fundamental skills in the application potential different satellite sensors for earth observation



Objectives:

To introduce the student to the physical principles of Remote Sensing and Photogrammetry

as a tool for mapping

To inform him of the data products, their properties and methods of preparing thematic

information

Syllabus:

Unit:1. Introduction to Remote Sensing: History and Concepts - Advantages of Remote Sensing

Over Conventional Surveys - Aerial Versus Satellite Remote Sensing .

Unit:2. Electromagnetic Radiation: Physics of Remote Sensing - Energy Sources - Radiation

Principles - Energy interaction With Atmosphere - (Atmospheric Windows, Scattering,

Absorption) - Energy interaction with earth surface - (Absorbtion, Transmission, Scattering

& Reflexion)

Unit:3. Spectral Response Patterns: Spectral Reflectance of Earth Surface Features in Different

Wave Length Regions of EMR.

Unit:4. Optical Remote Sensing: Resolutions (Spectral, Spatial, Temporal and Radiometric

Resolutions) - Platforms (Aerial and Satellite) - Sensors (Photographic and Non-

photographic Sensors) - Data Acquisition - (Signal Detection, Recording, Scanning

Mechanisms and Orbiting Mechanisms of Satellites).

Unit:5. Thermal Remote Sensing: Basics of Thermal Remote Sensing - Thermal inertia -

Temperature From Radiance Values - Thermal Sensors, Scanners, Optomechanical CCD

Arrays.

Unit:6. Microwave Remote Sensing: Basic Concepts of Micro Wave Remote Sensing - Micro

Wave Sensors - Micro Wave Radiometers - Geometric Characteristics - (Spatial Resolution,

Radar grammetry) - SLAR, SAR Satellite Altimeters - Scatterometer and Airborne Sensors.

Unit:7. History of Space Imagery : Sensors, Geometry and Radiometry of LANDSAT, SPOT, IRS

Series, IRS P Series, CARTOSAT, TERRA - MODIS, ASTER, IKONOS, ERS, ORB

View, Shuttle Mission, Meteorological and other Satellites.


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Unit:8. Recent Developments in Remote Sensing Technology: Development of Remote Sensing in

India - Future Remote Sensing Missions.

Unit:9. Principles of Image interpretation: Decoding of Different Imagery - Elements of Image

interpretation - Techniques of Visual interpretation.

Unit:10. Satellite Stereo Imaging: Along Track - Across Track - DEM and Orthophoto Generation

- image registration.

Unit:11. Current Contours: (Not for Final Exam only for Discussion): Concepts of interior,

relative, absolute orientation - direct georeferencing - object, image relation - collinearity

and coplanarity conditions - effect of orientation elements - Elements and principles of

Aerotriangulation - orthorectification - ortho mosaic - Introduction to digital

photogrammetry- comparison with analytical systems - DP workstations.

References:

1. American Society of Photogrammetry, 1983: Manual of Remote Sensing (2nd Edition), ASP

Falls Church, Virginia

2. Curran, P. 1985 : Principles of Remote Sensing, Longman, London.

3. Barrett, E.C. and L.R.Curits, 1976: introduction To Environmental Remote Sensing, Halstged

Press, Wiley, New York.

4. Lillisand, T.M. and P.W.Kiefer, 1986: Remote Sensing and Image interpretation, John Wiley

& Sons, New York.

5. Lintz, J. and L.S.Simonett (Eds), 1976: Remote Sensing of Environment, Addition-Wesley,

Readings, Mass.

6. Lo.C.P. 1986: Applied Remote Sensing, Longman, London.

7. Richadson, B.F.Jr.(Ed), 1978; introduction To Remote Sensing of The Environment, Kendall

/ Hunt, Dubuque, Iowa.

8. Sabins, F.F.Jr., 1978: Remote Sensing Principles and interpretation, Freeman, Sanfrancisco.

9. Schanda,E. (Ed), 1976 : Remote Sensing for Environmental Science, Springerverlag.

10. Burney, S.S 1988: Application of Thermal Imaging, Adam Hilger Publications.

11. Hord R.Michel, 19866: Remote Sensing Methods and Application, John Wiley and Sons.

12. Drury S.A, 1990: A Guide To Remote Sensing - interpreting Images of Earth, Oxford

Science Publications, Oxford.

13. Floyd M. Henderson; Principles & Applications of Imaging Radar, John Wiley & Sons, N.Y.

14. Alexay Bunkin & Konstantin Volia.K, - Laser Remote Sensing of the Ocean Methods &

Publications. John & Wiley & Sons, N.Y.



Course outcomes:


Understanding the basic physical principles of remote sensing,

Understanding the basic technical principles of satellites, sensors and ground segments in

data collection and the properties of the available data from these systems,

Understanding the principles of digital image processing and manipulation in remote sensing,

Acquire knowledge about concepts of Remote sensing, sensors and their characteristics.

Gain skills in image analysis and interpretation in preparing thematic maps.

Acquire knowledge in basic concepts of Photogrammetry and Mapping



Objectives:

To study the spectral characteristics of Rocks and Minerals.

To study the remote sensing for geological structures mapping

To study the remote sensing for Lithological mapping

To understand geological survey techniques and GIS integration

To provide an exposure to Remote Sensing and GIS technology tools with particular

reference to geological applications

Syllabus:

Unit:1. SPECTRAL PROPERTIES OF ROCKS AND MINERALS (9 hours) Reflectance Properties

of Rocks, minerals in visible, NIR, MIR, SWIR, TIR and Microwave regions Laboratory

spectroscopy - laboratory and field spectral data comparative studies, Spectral reflection

curves for important Rocks, Minerals.

Unit:2. Igneous Rocks Mapping: Definition of Igneous rocks - Magma characteristics - Intrusive &

Extrusive Igneous rocks - Textural properties - Magmas and their differentiation -

Classification of Igneous rocks - its expression in field, Aerial & Raw Satellite images and

digitally processed data and mapping techniques.

Unit:3. Sedimentary Rocks Mapping: Definition - Sediment transportation - Sedimentary

differentiation and deposition - Classification of Sedimentary rocks - Primary Sedimentary

Structures - Sedimentology - Sedimentary basins of India - Expression of sedimentary rocks

in field, Aerial & Raw Satellite images and digitally processed data and Mapping

Techniques.

Unit:4. Metamorphic Rocks Mapping: Definition of Metamorphic rocks - Concepts of

Metamorphic Reactions - Mineral Reaction and Paragenesis - Metamorphosis and Plate

Tectonics - Expression of metamorphic rocks in field, Aerial & Raw Satellite images and

digitally processed data and mapping techniques.

Unit:5. Basic Principles Structures: Definition and Scope of Structural Geology - Primary and

Secondary Structures- Field Mapping - Stereographic projection.


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Unit:6. Fold Mapping: Types Of Folds - Geometry, Classifications and Recognition Of Folds In

Field - Structural Trend Line Mapping (Using Aerial Photographs, Satellite Images,

Resistivity Data, Air Borne Magnetic Data) - Deduction Of Fold Styles from structural

trend line data.

Unit:7. Lineaments / Faults Mapping : Joints, (Morphology and Classifications) - Faults,

(Morphology and Classifications) - Manifestation of Faults (In Field, Aerial Photographs

and Satellite Images) - Lineament Mapping and Analysis, Basin Tectonics.

Unit:8. Microstructures and Structures of Sedimentation and Intrusion: Joints and Shear

fractures - Cleavage, foliation and lineation - shear zones - conformity structures related to

igneous intrusion, diapirs, salt domes etc- Remote Sensing and GIS based mapping

techniques.

Unit:9. Geotectonics: Plate tectonics - Oceanic and continental crusts - continental drift -

Geological and Geophysical evidences- paleomagnetism- Isostasy, orogeny & epiorogeny -

seismic belts of the earth - Seismicity and plate movements - Geodynamics of the Indian

plate - Wide Field sensor ( WIFS ) in regional tectonic mapping

Unit:10. Remote Sensing in Soil studies: Soil Mapping and Soil Conservation. Remote Sensing in

Land Use Studies: Definition - Concepts - classification (Indian and USGS) - Land Use

Mapping - Planning - Land Evaluation.

Unit:11. Current Contours: (Not for Final Exam only for Discussion): GEOLOGICAL

SURVEY TECHNIQUES AND DATA INTEGRATION Geophysical survey, surface

investigation, subsurface investigation, Gravity survey, Seismic survey, refraction methods,

reflection methods, applications, Magnetic survey and Electrical resistivity survey, self

potential methods, potential drop methods, resistivity values, data interpretation, Curve

fitting, GIS data generation , integration and analysis.

References:

1. American Society of Photogrammetry, 1983: Manual of Remote Sensing, ASP Falls

Church, Virginia.

2. Hobbs,B.e Means,W.D and P.Williams, 1976 : An Outline of Structural Geology, John

Wiley and Sons, New York.

3. Park, R.G 1983: Foundation of Structural Geology, Blackie and Sons Ltd., Glasgow, New

Zealand.



4. Siegal, B.S and A.K. Gillespie (eds), 1980: Remote Sensing in Geology, John, Wiley and

Sons, New York.

5. Drury, S.A 1990: A guide to Remote Sensing interpreting Images of Earth, Oxford Science

Publications, Oxford.

6. Gupta R.P 1991: Remote Sensing Geology, Springer - Verlag - New York - London

7. Gary L.Prost 1997: Remote Sensing for Geologists - A Guide to Image interpretation,

Gordon and Breach Science Publishers, The Netherlands.

8. Ramasamy, SM. Trends in Geological Remote Sensing - Rawat Publishers,Jaipur

9. Tripathi. N.K. Remote Sensing in Geosciences, Anmal Publications.

10. David Paine, Aerial Photography & Image interpretation for Resource Management, John

Wiley & Sons.

11. Keller E.A., Environmental Geology, CBS Publishers.

12. Chouhan. T.S., Applied Remote Sensing and Photo interpretation, Vigyan Prakashan.

13. Chouhan, T.S., Readings in Remote Sensing Applications, Scientific publishers.


15. Ramasamy, SM., C.J. Kumanan, The indian Context - Allied Publishers, Chennai.

16. Ramasamy, SM., C.J. Kumanan, Sivakumar, Bhoopsingh, Geomatics in Tsunami, New India


Course outcomes:


Understand mapping lithological and structural features

Understand the concepts involved in Geomorphic Mapping

Understand the geophysical / geomagnetic surveys for subsurface exploration

Get exposed to various earth sciences applications



Objectives:

To study the principles of landform development

To study the different types of landforms formed by the denudational and tectonic processes

To understand the fluvial and coastal processes and related landscape

To learn the Aeolian, volcanic and groundwater related landforms

To study the application of geomorphology in resources, hazards and environmental assessment

Syllabus:

Unit:1. Basic Principles of Geomorphology.

Unit:2. Denudational Geomorphology: Need for Studying the Denudational Geomorphology - Process of

Weathering - Types of Landforms - Their Expressions and Manifestations (In field, Aerial

Photographs and Satellite Image) - Resources, Hazards and Environmental Appraisals and

Management in Denudational Geomorphic Systems.

Unit:3. Tectonic Geomorphology: Need for Studying The Tectonic Geomorphology - Types of Landforms -

Their Origin and Manifestations (in field, Aerial Photographs and Satellite Images) - Resources,

Hazards and Environmental Appraisals and Management in Tectano Geomorphic Systems.

Unit:4. Fluvial Geomorphology: Need for Studying the Fluvial Geomorphology - Drainages (Classification,

Morphology and Types) - Life Cycle of River Systems - Constructional and Destructional

Landforms( in Youthful, Mature and Old Stages) - Migratory Behaviour of Rivers - Manifestation of

Fluvial Landforms (in field, Aerial Photographs and Satellite Images) - Resources, Hazards and

Environmental Appraisals and Management in Riverine Systems.

Unit:5. Coastal Geomorphology: Need for Studying Coastal Geomorphology - Coastal Zone Processes -

Classification of Shorelines, - Constructional and Destructional Landforms( in Emerging,

Submerging, Neutral and Compound - Coasts) - Manifestations of Coastal Landforms( in Field,

Aerial Photographs and Satellite Images) - Resources, Hazards and Environmental Appraisals and

Management of Coastal Systems.

Unit:6. Aeolian Geomorphology: Need for Studying Aeolian Geomorphology - Processes in Arid Region -

Landform Types and Morphology, Manifestations of Aeolian Land forms (in field, Aerial


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Photographs and Satellite Images) - Resources, Hazards and Environmental Appraisals and

Management of Aeolian Systems.

Unit:7. Volcanic Geomorphology: Need for Studying Volcanic Geomorphology - Origin of Volcanoes -

Spatial Distribution of Volcanoes Around The World - Different Volcanic Landforms and their

Manifestations ( in field, Aerial Photographs and Satellite Images) - Resources, Hazards and

Environmental Appraisals and Management of Volcanic Systems.

Unit:8. Glacial Geomorphology: Need for Studying Glacial Landforms - Their Expressions (In Field, Air

Photo and Satellite Images).

Unit:9. Ground Water Generated Landforms : Need For its Study - Landform Types - Their Expressions

(In Field, Air Photo And Satellite Images).

Unit:10. Bio-genic Landforms : Need For its Study - Landform Types - Their Expressions (In Field, Air

Photo And Satellite Images).


Landscape of Tamil Nadu; Landform development in east coast of Tamil Nadu; Landscape of

Western Ghats and Eastern Ghats; Geomorphic processes and landforms of major deltas of India;

Development of Himalayan landforms.

References:

1. Doehring, 1980 : Geomorphology in Arid Regions, Allen and Unwin, London.

2. Thornbury, W.D., 1985: Principles of Geomorphology (2nd Edition) John Wiely and Sons, New

York.

3. Verstappen, H. 1977 : Remote Sensing in Geomorphology, Elsevier, Amsterdam.

4. Verstappen,H. 1983: Applied Geomorphology, Elsevier, Amsterdam.

5. Jha. V.C., Geomorphology and Remote Sensing, ACB Publications.

6. Rao. D.P.; Remote Sensing for Earth Resources - 2nd Edition, Association of Exploration

Geophysicists, Hyderabad.

7. Surendra Singh; Geomorphology and Remote Sensing in Environmental Management, Scientific

publishers.

8. Rice R.J. Fundamentals of Geomorphology, E.L.B.S, Longman.

9. Ramasamy, SM., Remote Sensing in Geomorphology, New India Publishing Agency, New Delhi.



Course outcomes:


Principles of landform formation and its significant

Origin of Landforms related to weathering, river action, coastal processes, volcanic activity, wind

movement, glacial processes, etc.

Understand the recent geological processes by analyzing the landforms

Evaluate the Landforms with reference to the resources like water, mineral and oil resources

Evaluate the landforms with reference to the various disasters like earthquakes, landslides, volcanic

eruption, glacial avalanches, tsunami, etc.



Objectives:

This subject deals with the basics of hydrology and also various remote sensing and GIS applications

in the field of hydrology and water resources.

Syllabus:

Unit:1. Fundamentals of Hydrology: Hydrological cycle - estimation of various components of hydrological

cycle - clouds - rainfall - runoff - evaporation - transpiration – evapo transpiration - interception -

depression storage - spectral properties of water - case studies. Surface Water Budgeting/

Quantification using Satellite Infrared data

Unit:2. Drainage morphometric analysis: Drainage mapping and analysis (from Satellite data, Automated

Drainage Mapping using DEM, Drainage Morphometric Analysis) Water Quality Mapping and

Monitoring using Remote Sensing

Unit:3. Groundwater: Basic Principles of Groundwater Hydrology

Unit:4. Crystalline Aquifer Systems: Characteristics, Mapping of Crystalline Aquifer Systems, Lithological,

Regolith and Fracture Pattern Mapping and Modelling, Geophysical Surveys and GIS based

Geospatial modelling of Crystalline Aquifer System

Unit:5. Sedimentary Aquifer Systems: Characteristics, Artesian and suberising conditions, Mapping

Techniques using Geoinformatics.

Unit:6. Geomorphic Aquifer System: Hydro geomorphic mapping through Satellite Raw and Digitally

processed data - Ground water quality (Rock - water interaction, pollution etc).

Unit:7. Natural and Artificial Recharge: Site Selection for Natural and Artificial Recharge on Geological

criteria, Detection of Site Specific Mechanism for recharge through GIS Applications)

Unit:8. Groundwater Modelling: Geospatial Modelling of Groundwater Systems - Stochastic - Flow - Linear

- Finnet - element Modelling.

Unit:9. Integrated Watershed Development and Management: Mapping and monitoring the catchment

and command area - conjunctive use of surface and ground water - artificial recharge of groundwater

- water harvesting structures - erosivity and erodability - Universal Soil Loss Equation - sediment

yield - modeling of reservoir siltation - prioritization of watershed - modeling of sustainable


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development - information system for Natural resource management - case studies- GIS based

Watershed wise Water budgeting - Integrated Watershed Planning - Water Resources Information

System.

Unit:10. Case studies: Remote sensing and GIS in water resources - Case studies.


Drainage Basin Assessment: Watershed divide - stream networks - Delineation and codification of

watersheds - basin morphometric analysis - linear, aerial, relief aspects - Rainfall - runoff modeling -

urban hydrology - flood forecasting, risk mapping, damage assessment - soil moisture area - drought

forecasting and damage assessment - mitigation - Mapping of snow covered area - snow melt runoff -

case studies.

References:

1. Chang, H.H. 1988: Fluvial processes in river engineering, John Wiley and Sons, New York.

2. Deman, MCJ.Smith G.S and H.T.Verstappen (eds) 1986: Remote Sensing for resources development

and environmental management, A.A.Ballkema Publishers, Totterdam, Netherlands.

3. Fraysee, G.(ed) 1980 : Remote Sensing application agriculture and hydrology, A.A.Balkema

Publishers, Totterdam.

4. Paine, D.P 1981: Aerial photography and image interpretation for resource management, Wiley and

Sons, New York.

5. Solomonson, V.V and P.D.Bharsan 1980 :The contribution of space observations to water resources

management, Paragamon press, New York.

6. Johnson, A.I, 1985: Hydrologic applications of space technology, IAHS Publication, No. 165

7. Engman, E.T and R.J.Gurney 1991 : Remote Sensing in Hydrology, Chapman and Hall publishers.

8. Hall.D.K. 1985: Remote Sensing of Ice and Snow, Chapman and Hall

9. Bedient, P.B 1988: Hydrology and flood Plain analysis, Addision westery publishing company.

10. Driscoll, F.S., Groundwater & Wells.

11. Karanth K.R. Groundwater Assessment Development and Management.

12. Clorer. R.C., Groundwater Management.

13. Scalf M.R. Manual of SW Quality Sampling procedure

14. Mutreja, K.N Applied Hydrology

15. Thomann R.V, Principles of Surface Water Quality Modelling and Control.

16. Ali Metal, Water Resource Policy for Asia.

17. Raghunath H.M., Ground Water



18. Mcdonald AT, Water Resources: Issues and Strategies.

19. Pillai, K.M., Water Management and Planning.

20. Gower. A.M., Water Quality in Catchment Ecosystem.

21. Ramesan. V. Trends in Groundwater Research

22. Trivedi R Singh, Water Resources and Quality Management.

23. Govardhan, V., Remote Sensing and Water Management in Command areas

24. Fetter C.W. Applied Hydrology.

25. Gautam Mahajan. Groundwater Surveys and investigations

26. Davind Keith Todd, Groundwater Hydrology

27. Ramakrishnan. S. Groundwater

28. Muralikrishna, I.V Spatial information Technology (Remote Sensing & GIS) Vol. I & II, B.S.

Publications.

29. Ramasamy, SM., Remote Sensing in Water Resources, Rawat Publishers, Jaipur

Course outcomes:

On completion of this course students shall be able to

Understand the assessment of Basin and its hydrology using Geospatial technology.

Get exposure to the Groundwater and Watershed Management aspects of GIS.

Understand the water management techniques and rain water harvesting for feature generation and

important need of water for life cycle.

Documents

BHARATHIDASAN UNIVERSITY Department of Remote Sensing · Unit:2. Data Structure: Data Structure in GIS -Types of Data (P oints, Lines and Polygons)-Data Base Structures (R aster Data