bia,dï O¾uh

bia,dï O¾uh

10 fY%aKsh

wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=j

ii

m%:u uqøKh (- 2014

fojk uqøKh (- 2015

f;jk uqøKh (- 2016

isõjk uqøKh (- 2017

miajk uqøKh (- 2018

yhjk uqøKh (- 2019

y;ajk uqøKh (- 2020

ish¨ ysñlï weúß‚'

ISBN 978-955-25-0379-5

Published by : Educational Publications DepartmentPrinted by : Vishwa Graphics (Pvt) Ltd.

wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=j úiska

u;af;f.dv" jdikdj;a; mdr" wxl 90 ork ia:dkfhys msysá

úYaj .%e*slaia ^mqoa.,sl& iud.fuys

uqøKh lrjd m%ldYhg m;alrk ,È'

iii

Y%S ,xld cd;sl .Sh

Y%S ,xld ud;d

wm YS% ,xld" kfuda kfuda kfuda kfuda ud;d

iqkaor isßnßkS" iq/òs w;s fidanudk ,xld

OdkH Okh fkl u,a m,;=re msß ch N+ñh ruHd

wmyg iem isß fi; iokd Ôjkfha ud;d

ms<s.kq uek wm Nla;s mQcd

kfuda kfuda ud;d


Tn fõ wm úoHd

Tn u h wm i;Hd

Tn fõ wm Yla;s

wm yo ;=< Nla;s

Tn wm wdf,dafla

wmf.a wkqm%dfKa

Tn wm Ôjk fõ

wm uqla;sh Tn fõ

kj Ôjk foñfka ks;sk wm mqnqÿ lrka ud;d

{dk ù¾h jvjñk /f.k hkq uek ch N+ñ lrd

tl ujlf. ore le, neúkd

huq huq ù fkdmud

fm%au jvd ieu fNao ÿ/r Þ kfuda kfuda ud;d


iv

wms fjuq tl ujlf. orefjda

tl ksjfiys fjfikd

tl mdge;s tl reêrh fõ

wm lh ;=< ÿjkd

tneúks wms fjuq fidhqre fidhqßfhda

tl f,i tys jefvkd

Ôj;a jk wm fuu ksjfia

fid¢k isáh hq;= fõ

ieug u fu;a lreKd .=fKkS

fj<S iu.s oñkS

rka ñKs uq;= fkd j th u h iem;d

lsis l, fkdu Èrkd

wdkkao iurfldaka

v

fmrjok

ÈhqKqfõ ys‚fm; lrd .uka lrkd j;auka f,djg" ks;e;skau wjeis jkqfha

jvd;a kjH jQ wOHdmk l%uhls' tu`.ska ks¾udKh l< hq;af;a ukq.=Koï imsreKq

yd l=i,;dj,ska hqla; oremrmqrls' tlS W;a;=x. fufyjrg cj n,h imhñka"

úYaùh wNsfhda. iòyd Èßfhka uqyqK Èh yels isiq mrmqrla ks¾udKh lsÍu iòyd

iydh ùu wmf.a mru j.lSu jkafka h' bf.kqï wdOdrl iïmdok ld¾hh

fjkqfjka il%Sh f,i ueÈy;a fjñka wm fomd¾;fïka;=j ta fjkqfjka odhl;ajh

,nd fokafka cd;sfha oreoeßhkaf.a keK myka o,ajd,Sfï W;=ï wÈgfkks'

fm<fmd; úfgl oekqï fldaIaGd.drhls' th ;j;a úfgl wm úkaokd;aul

f,djlg o leòjdf.k hhs' tfiau fï fm<fmd;a wmf.a ;¾l nqoaêh jvjd,kafka

wfkalúO l=i,;d mqnqÿ lrjd.kakg o iqúi,a t<s oyrla fjñks' úÿìfuka iuq.;a

Èkl jqj wmßñ; wdorfhka iaurKh l< yels u;l" fm<fmd;a msgq w;r oejà

Tn iu`.ska w;aje,a neò tkq fkdwkqudk h' fï fm<fmd; iu`.u ;j ;j;a

oekqï wjldY msß biõ fj; ks;s mshuksñka mßmQ¾K;ajh w;a lr.ekqug Tn ieu

ksr;=rej wem lem úh hq;= h'

ksoyia wOHdmkfha uydk¾> ;Hd.hla fia fï mqia;lh Tn foda;g msßkefï'

fm<fmd;a fjkqfjka rch jeh lr we;s iqúi,a OkialkaOhg w¾:iïmkak w.hla

,nd Èh yelafla Tng mu‚' fuu mdGH .%ka:h ukdj mßYS,kh lrñka keK .=K

msß mqrjeishka ù wkd.; f,dj taldf,dal lrkakg oefha ish¨ ¥ orejka fj; Èßh

iúh ,efíjdhs yoj;ska iqn m;ñ'

fm<fmd;a iïmdok ld¾hh fjkqfjka wm%udK jQ iïm;Aodhl;ajhla

iemhQ f,aLl" ixialdrl yd we.hqï uKav, idudðl msßjrg;a wOHdmk m%ldYk

fomd¾;fïka;=fõ ld¾h uKav,fha ieug;a udf.a yomsß m%Kduh mqolrñ'

mS' tka' whs,mafmreu

wOHdmk m%ldYk flduidßia ckrd,a


biqremdh

n;a;ruq,a,

2020'06'26

vi

kshdukh yd wëlaIKh ( mS' tka' whs,mafmreu

wOHdmk m%ldYk flduidßia ckrd,a


fufyhùu ( ví,sõ' ta' ks¾u,d mshiS,s

flduidßia îxj¾Ok&


iïnkaëlrKh ( tï' à' wíÿ¾ ryaudka

iyldr flduidßia


whs' tA' tï' w*aidka

iyldr flduidßia

f,aLl uKav,h (

1' tï' tÉ' tï' kd,s¾ - fcHaIaG lÓldpd¾h"

*d;sya wdh;kh" ;sydßh'

2' tï' tÉ' tï nqydß - .=re WmfoaYl"

l,dm wOHdmk ld¾hd,h"

ñkqjkaf.dv'

3' ta' mS' tï' wíndia - fcHaIaG lÓldpd¾h"

cdñwd k,Sñhd - fírej,'

4' tï' tia' tï' nQiß - fcHaIaG Wm.=re"

w,a wiay¾ u'u'ú'" ;sydßh'

5' tï' tï' *ia¨¾ ryaudka - fcHaIaG Wm.=re"

ndnqia i,dï u'ú'" miahd,

6' tï' wd¾' ysIdï uqyïuoa - fcHaIaG Wm.=re"

w,a wiay¾ u'u'ú'" ;sydßh'

7' uõ,úhd tï' whs' tia' iqydrd - Wm.=re"

lhsßhd uqia,sï ldka;d 'ú' fld' 09

8' tA' idnq§ka - úÿy,am;s ^úY%dñl&"

wdfkdf,dkaodj" lmqf.d,a,dj'

9' wiSud yqfihska - fcHaIaG Wm.=re"

ã'tia' fiakdkdhl ú'" fld' 07'


vii

ixialdrl uKav,h (

1' uydpd¾h tï' tA' tï' Iqlaß - wOHCIl"

cdñhd k,Sñhd" fírej,'

2' tï' tia' wíÿ,a ndß - fcHaIaG lÓldpd¾h"

wrdì" bia,dï YsIagdpdr fomd¾;fïka;=j

fmardfo‚h úYajúoHd,h'

3' uõ,ú tA' î' tï' w,shd¾ - mSGdêm;s" bia,dï wrdì mSGh"

w.aksÈ. úYajúoHd,h" T¨ú,a

úOdhl idudðlîuia; ,xld c'W'i&

4' fÊ' tï' cid¾ - lÓldpd¾h" wd.ñl tAllh

cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh" uyr.u

5' uõ,ú tï' whs' tï' kõ*¾§ka - iyldr wOHCIl"

uqia,sï mdi,a ixj¾Ok YdLdj"

biqremdh'

6' tï'à'wíÿ¾ ryaudka - iyldr flduidßia"

wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=j'

NdId ixialrKh ( tï' tA' tï' ouhka;s

ixj¾Ok iyldr"

kj wdo¾Y m%d:ñl md'ixj¾Ok jHdmD;sh"

biqremdh'

fidaÿm;a lshùu ( .hdka uqKisxy

cd;sl tAldnoaO;d m%j¾Ok iyldr"

cd;sl NdId yd iudc tAldnoaO;d wud;HdxYh'

wjidk we.hSï ( uõ,ú tï' tka'tï' bÊ,dka

m%Odk l;Síjrhd" uy m,a,sh fld<U'

wOHCI" ndÈîhd wrdì úÿy," lyfgdaúg'

tA' à' tï' kscdï

.=re WmfoaYl"

l,dm wOHdmk ld¾hd,h' mq;a;,u

Ñ;% rEm igyka"msg ljrh ( tï'ví' tA wid¾

ó,a md¾ffj óähd uOHia:dkh"

fld<U 09

mß.Kl .; lsÍu" msgq ieliSu ( ví'tA' Ôjks È,areCIs


ví' wfhaId uOqjka;s is,ajd


viii

mgqk msgqj

1' wlSod 1

2' Budka yd wu,a 5

3' ßid,;a yd ysodh;a 9

4' w;a;ydr;aa ^msßisÿlu& 12

5' wkakcdi;a ^wmsßisÿlu& 17

6' bndo;a 21

7' i,d;fha jeo.;alu 27

8' is*;=ia i,d;a 32

9' i,d;fhka wk;=re j Wiqßh hq;= mdrdhkdjka 38

10' w;a ;ialshd 44

11' hy .=Kdx. ms<sn| bia,dóh oelau I 47

12' hy .=Kdx. ms<sn| bia,dóh oelau II 49

13' wdOHd;añl ÈhqKqj i|yd jq u. fmkaùu 62 14' jyS ys jeo.;alu 70

15' w,a l=¾wdkh my< lsÍu yd f.dkq lsÍu 74

16' iqkak;a ys jeo.;alu 79

17' iydh uQ,dY%h 82

18' wrdìlrfha bia,dï jHdma;sh 87

19' kì î,a& ;=udf.a o#jdj iy wNsfhda. 91

20' iSrdfjys jeo.;alu 96

21' wd¾Ólh iïnkaO bia,dóh oelau 100

22' bmhSfï jeo.;alu 105 23' bmhSu I 111 24' bmhSu II 116

25' wÊkî uyaró iSudjka wkq.ukh lruq 121 26' udkj whs;sjdislï 124

27' fh!jkh yd ld¾h Nd¾h 128

28' YdÍßl yd udkisl fhda.H;djh 132

29' uOHia:Ndjh wkq.ukh lsÍu 137

30' *slayq,a wõ,úhd;a 141

x

fuu fm< fmdf;ys mdvïj, iuyr kï bÈßfhka jryka ;=< flá fhÿï we;' tAjdfha iïmQ¾K fhÿu my; § we;' tAjd iïmQ¾Kfhka WÉpdrKh lr lshùu bia,dóh l%uh fõ' tf,i" WÉpdrKh lr lshùfuka mQ¾K m%;sM, ,nd .; yelsh'

flá fhÿï(

î,a& } i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï

^r<s& } mqreIhl= kï

r<sh,a,dyq wkayq

ldka;djl kï

r<sh,a,dyq wkayd

fofokl= kï

r<sh,a,dyq wkayqud

fofokl=g jeä kï

r<sh,a,dyq wkayqï

^wff,& } mqreIhl= kï

-¡ wff,ysia i,dï

ldka;djla kï

¡ wff,yia i,dï

fofokl= kï

¡ wff,ysuia i,dï

fofokl=g jeä kï

¡ wff,ysuqia i,dï

^rya& } ryau;==,a,dys wff,ys fyda

rysuyq,a,dya

1

fmdÿfõ ñksia Ôú;h úYajdih u; f.dvke.S we;' ffoksl Ôú;fha § ñksid

ls%hd;aul lrjkafka o Tyq ;=< olakg ,efnk úYajdih fõ' uqia,sï ne;su;l=f.a

Ôú;h .;a l," Tyqf.a Ôú;h úYajdih mokï lr.ksñka f.dvke.sh hq;= h'

wjidkh f;la Tyq tu úYajdih u ls%hd;aul l< hq;= h" hkak bia,dufha wNsm%dh

fõ' tfyhska w,a l=¾wdkfha ;=fkka tla fldgilg jvd jeäfhka úYajdih ms<sn|

j idlÉPd lr we;' Budka iu`. wu,a i|yka jk ia:dk 70lg jvd jeä h'

ud ljrl= o@ fuf,dj uf.a fiajh l=ula o@ uf.a wjidkh fln÷ o@ wd§

Ôú;fha uQ,sl .eg¨j,g uqia,sï ne;su;l= BudkSh moku u; ms<s;=re fiúh hq;=

h' fuf,i úYajdi i|yd bia,duh úYd, jeo.;a lula ,nd § we;'

wlSod ke;fyd;a wldboa hk mo zzúYajdihZZ yqjd ±laùug Ndú; lrkq

,efí' bia,dóh iïm%Þh ;=< zzwlSodZZ hk moh" —wjidk jQ;a iaÓr jQ;a idOl ;=<ska

f.dvk.k ,o úYajdih˜ hkak ±laùug Ndú;d lrkq ,efí'

w,a,dya úiska f;dard .kakd ,o foaj O¾u ¥;hka ish,a,kau tl u wlSodj

foaYkd l< njg w,a l=¾wdkh idCIs orhs'

—wms kQyag O¾ufhka wkqYdikd l< foa ;j o kqU fj; my< l< foa ;j

o Bid" uQid" bn%dysï" hkd§ whg wm wkqYdikd l< foa Tyq kqU,d fj; o kshu

fldg ;sfí' tA kqU,d §ka ^bia,dóh Ôjk ud¾.h& ;yjqre lrkq' tA ;=< kqU,d fNao

ìkak fkdjkq hkakhs'˜ ^42(13& hkqfjka w,a l=¾wdkfha i|yka fõ'

bia,dóh b;sydih ;=< úúO l,djka ìys jQ wjia:dfõ" bia,dóh úYajdih f.dkq

lr §ug ìys jQ tlu l,dj zzb,auq,a wlSodZZ fyj;a zzb,auq,a wldboa ZZ kï l,dj fõ'

w,a l=¾wdkh yd wiaiqkakdya b,auq,a wlSodjg mdol ù we;' bia,dóh uQ,sl

úYajdihka ms<sn| j tAjd m%ldY lr we;' ksoiqkla jYfhka my; isÿùu ±laúh yels

h' ðíÍ,a ^wff,& ;=ud zzBudkh ms<sn| j ug mjikakZZ hehs kì î,a& ;=udf.ka weiQ

úg" t;=udfKda zzw,a,dya" Tyqf.a u,lajreka" Tyqf.a wd.ï" Tyqf.a foaj O¾u ¥;hka"

mrudka; Èkh yd hym;- whym; foaj leue;a; wkqj isÿ fõ" hkak úYajdi lsÍu

Budka fõ ZZhkqfjka ms<s;=re ÿkay' ^nqydß&

wlSod

01

fkdñf,a fm< fmd;a fnodyeÍu

2

آمنت بالله وملائكته وكتبهورسله واليوم الخر والقدر خيره

وشره من الله تعالى

fuu y§ih m%Odk úYajdi yhu f.kyer olajhs'

01' w,a,dya ms<sn| úYajdih -

w,a,dya isákafka h" Tyqf.a talFjh i|yd jk idCIs" Tyqf.a .=Kdx."

Tyqf.a w,xldr kdu" Tyqf.a yelshdjka yd Yla;sh hkdÈh fuys úia;r lr

we;'

02' u,lajreka ms<sn| úYajdih -

u,lajreka" ðkajreka ms<sn| úia;r fuys wka;¾.; fõ' ;j o zzrEya

ZZ ms<snò úia;r o fuys wka;¾.; ù we;'

03' wd.ï ms<sn| úYajdih -

ñksia iudchg u. fmkaùu Wfoid w,a,dya my< lrk ,o iqyq*a"

wd.ï ms<sn| j fuys myod § we;'

04' kìjreka" riQ,ajreka ms<sn| úYajdih -

kìjrekaf.a .=Kdx." Tjqkag ,nd fok ,o ydialï" Tjqkaf.a fiajd

.ek fuys meyeÈ,s lr we;'

05' mrudka; Èkh ms<sn| úYajdih -

lírh" n#ia" ysidí" óidka" isrd;a" ckakd" kd¾ ms<sn| lreKq fuys

wvx.= fõ'

06' l<d loa¾ ms<sn| úYajdih -

uq`¿ úYajh u ls%hd lrjk foúhkaf.a wNsm%dh ms<sn| j fuys meyeÈ,s

lr we;'

3

fuu m%Odk úYajdi yh wlSod lafIa;% ms<sn| bia,dóh úoaj;=ka my;

i|yka wdldrhg fldgia y;rlg fnod meyeÈ,s lr we;'

01' w,a b,dyshshd;a -

w,a,dya ms<sn| úYajdih" L<d loa¾ ms<sn| úYajdih" tA yd iïnkaO ish¨

lreKq fuys wvx.= fõ'

02' wka kqnqõjd;a -

kìjreka" riQ,ajreka ms<sn| úYajdih" wd.ï ms<sn| úYajdih hkdÈ ish¨ oE

fuys wvx.= fõ'

03' w¾ rEydkshshd;a -

mshú weig;a bkaøshkag;a f.dapr fkdjk u,lajreka" ðkajreka"

ffI;dkajreka" rEya hkdÈh fuys wvx.= fõ'

04' wia iïbhshd;a -

mrf,dj Ôú;h iïnkaO ish¨ lreKq fuys wvx.= fõ' ^ lí¾" n#ia" uyaI¾

ysidí" óidka" yõ,a" isrd;a" ckakd" kd¾&

úYajdih" hym;a jk úg Ôú;h o hym;a fõ' Ôú;hg fYa%IaG wruqKla

,nd §" th n,j;a lrk w.kd fiajhla zzbia,dóh wlSodZZ bgq lrhs' fuu wlSodj

fkdue;s j ;ks uqia,sï mqoa.,hl= fyda uqia,sï iudchla f.dv ke.sh fkdyels h'

uqia,sï iudch ;=< miqld,Sk j we;s jQ foaYmd,ksl w¾nqo" wkH Ñka;khka f.a

n,mEï" úpdr nqoaêfhys iSudj blauùu m%uqL úúO lreKq ldrKd fya;= fldg f.k

wlSodfjys ir, nj .s,syS jHdl+, úh' ñksid ls%hd;aul lr Ôú;h n,iïmkak lsÍug

Wr fok Yla;shla njg m;a úh hq;= th Bg yd;amiska u mgyeks j flda,dy,j,g

yd igkaj,g u. fmkajk lreKla njg m;a úh' fláfhka mjikjd kï —wlSod˜

jpkhg muKla iSud úh'

wlSod úIhfhys úúO u;jdo orkakkaf.a woyia ;=<ska uqia,sï iudcfhys

úúO lKavdhï rdYshla ìys úh' cnßhshd" loßhshd" uq¾ðwd" uq#;is,d hkdÈh Bg

ksoiqka lsysmhls'

bia,dóh wlSod j fujeks jerÈ ls%hdud¾. ;=<ska n,mEug ,la fkdúh

hq;= h' tys mdßY=oaO;ajh wysñ fkdúh hq;= hehs is;+ úoaj;ayq /ila th /l

.ekSfuys,d m%h;ak ±rEy' wyauoa ìka ykan,a ryau;=,a,dys" wnq,a yika w,a

wIawÍ ryau;=,a,dya" wnq ukaiQ¾ w,aud;a;=re§ ryau;=,a,dya" hk budïjre

fuys,d úYd, Þhl;ajhla ,nd ÿkay' fudjqyq ish,af,da u —wyaïa iqkakdya

4

j,a cudwd jg˜ wh;a jQfjda fj;s' wyaïa iqkakdya j,a cudwd hkq uqyïuoa

i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=udf.a yd iydìjrekaf.a u. ms<smÈkafkda fj;s'

wmso fuu ms<sfj;a ms<smeo Ôú;h Yla;su;a lr.uq¦ fuf,dj" mrf,dj fi!Nd.Hj;a

lr .ksuq'

wNHdi

01' —wlSod˜ hkafkka Tn wjfndaO lr.;af;a l=ula o@

02' —b,auq,a wlSod˜ ìys ùfuys,d n,mE fya;=j iòyka lrkak'

03' bia,dóh wlSodjg úreoaO jQ lKavdhï myla ,shkak'

04' —wlSod˜ ld,dkqrEmSj fjkia fkdjk tlla nj w,a l=¾wdka jelshla

u.ska myokak'

5

bia,dï mjik lreKq úYajdi lsÍu —Budka˜ f,i;a tys foaYkd ms<sme§u

—wu,a˜ f,i;a ie,fla' Budka hkq yoj;ska u ms<sf.k uqúka m%ldY lr ls%hdfjka

iaÓr lsÍu fõ' hfula bia,dóh úYajdi ms<sf.k" ta ;=<ska wu,a bgq lrkafka

kï" Tyq —uq#óka˜ f,i y`ÿkajkq ,nhs' Budka yd wu,a" u,g iqjò fuka tlg neòS

mj;S' Budkfhka f;dr j isÿ lrkq ,nk lsisÿ wu,hla ms<s.kq fkd,efí' w,a

l=¾wdkfhys Budka yd wu,a tlg tla lr ia:dk 70l muK iòyka lr ;sîfuka

fuh iaÓr lrkq ,efí'

—kìjrhdfKks" ljfrla Budka lr id,sya jk ls%hd lrkafkda o Tjqkag

ksh; jYfhka u iaj¾. we;' tAjdfhys .,d hk Èh .x.djka ;sfnk njg iqNdrxÑ

mjikak' ^2(25&

mqreIhl= fyda ia;s%hl fyda fõjd" úYajdi lr hy ls%hd ljfrl= isÿ l< o

ksh; jYfhka u wms Tjqkag hy Ôú;hla .; lsÍug i,iajkafkuq'˜ ^16'97&

—Budkays 70lg jvd jeä wx. m%udKhla wka;¾.; fõ' tys Wiia;u wx.h

—,d b,dy b,a,,a,dya˜ hk l,Sudj jk w;r tys my< u wx.h ud¾.fha we;s

wk;=reodhl øjH bj;a lsÍu fõ' ,eÊcdYS,SNdjh o Budkays tla wx.hls'˜ hkqfjka

uqyïuoa i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=udfKda mejiQy' ^nQydß&

Budka yd wu,a

02

6

bia,dï" Budka l< hq;= lreKq fmkajd § we;s wdldrhg wu,a o fmkajd

§ we;' keuÿï j;dj;a" fmdÿ fiajdjka" .kqfokq" hy .=Kdx. hkdÈh wu,ays

wka;¾.; fõ' tu wu,a bgq lsÍu u.ska flkl=f.a Budkh iaÓr jkq we;'

kqU,df.a uqyqK kef.kysr fyda niakdysr foig yerùu ^muKla& hylu

fkdfõ' tfy;a hylu kï w,a,dya .ek o wjidk Èkh .ek o u,lajreka .ek

o O¾u .%ka: .ek o kìjreka .ek o úYajdi lr Tyq ^w,a,dya& flfrys jQ we,au

ksid foam< kEoEhkag o wkd:hkag o È<skaokag o u.Skag o hdplhkag o jy¨ka

uqojd .ekSug o jeh lr i,d;ays ksr;j ild;a f.ùu o fõ' ;jo Tjqyq fmdfrdkaÿ

jQ úg ;u fmdfrdkaÿj bgq lrk ÿIalr;djkays § o È<s`ÿnfõ§ o i;Hh yd wi;Hh

w;r& igfka§ o bjis,su;a jkafkda fj;s' Tjqyq i;Hjd§yq h' ;j o ìhne;su;a jQ

wh o Tjqyq u h' ^2#177&

fuh iqkakdyafjka o ;yjqre fõ'

uq#ñkajrhl= yd ld*s¾jrhl= w;r we;s fjki i,d;h w;yeÍu fõ' ^nqydß&

jekaoUqjlf.a fyda wkd:hl=f.a wjYH;d bgq lsÍug W;aidy lrkakd"

fkdlvjd rd;s%fha isgf.k keu`ÿï l< yd Èjd ld,fha Wmjdifha fhfokakl=

fuka fõ' ^nqydß&

hfula ;udg m%shukdm foa ;u fidfydhqrdg o m%sh ukdm nj úYajdi

fkdlrk ;dla Tyq i;H uq#ñkajrfhla fkdfõ' ^nqydß&

hfula w,a,dya yd mrudka; Èkh úYajdi lrkafka o Tyq wi,ajdiSkag

hym; isÿ lr;ajdæ ljfrla w,a,dyaj yd mrudka; Èkh úYajdi lrkafka o Tyq ;u

wd.ka;=lhkag i;aldr lr;ajdæ hfula w,a,dya yd mrudka; Èkh úYajdi lrkafka

o Tyqq l;d l< fyd;a hym;a foa l;d lr;ajdæ fkdue;s kï" ksy`vj isá;ajdæ

^nqydß&

—uq#ñkajreka w;ßka hym;a ;eke;a;d hy.=K we;a;d fõ'˜ ^wyauoa&

wu,a fkdue;s Budka m, rys; jkakdfia u Budka fkdue;s wu,a m, rys; fõ' fujeks wu,a w,a l=¾wdkh ñßÕ=jla hehs mjihs'

m%;slafIam lrkakka jQ Tjqkaf.a ls%hdldrlï" msmdis;hd th c,h hehs is;k ldka;drfha ñßÕ=jl fuks' Tyq tys .sh úg lsisu fohla Tyqg fkd,enqfKah' ^24(39& w,a l=¾wdkh Budka iu. wu,a tla lr mjik úg" —Budka lr ^hym;a&

id,sya jk ls%hd bgq lrkakka hkqfjka˜ mjihs —id,sya jk wu,a˜ hkak kshñ;

ld,h ;=< lrk iqÿiq ksjerÈ ls%hd f,i meyeÈ,s l< yels h' ;j o fuf,dj -

mrf,dj Ôú;hg;a" ;ks mqoa.,-iduQysl Ôú;hg;a wdOHd;añl-f,!lsl Ôú;hg;a

7

.e<fmk mßÈ ilia jk ish¨ u ls%hd id,sya jk wu,a f,i úia;r l< yels h'

id,sya jk zwu,aZ tlla w,a,dya ms<s.ekSug kï Ñ;a; mdßY=oaêh jeo.;a

fldkafoaishls'

—jrla iydìjrfhla w,a,dyaf.a O¾u ¥;hd wi<g meñK —w,a,dyaf.a O¾u

¥;hdfKksæ w,a,dya fjkqfjka uu wu,a lsysmhla bgq lrkafkñ' tA iu. u ckhd

uf.a ls%hd foi n,k úg ud yg i;=gla we;sfjkjd˜ hehs mejiqfõ h' uqyïuoa

i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=udfKda lsis`ÿ ms<s;=rla fkdÿkay' túg my; i|yka

w,a l=¾wdka jdlHh my< úh' —hfula ;u foúhka yuq ùug ms%h lrkafka o Tyq hy

ls%hd lr ;u foúhka lsisjl=g iu fkdlr ^Tyq u& kuÈkak˜ ^18(110& fï isoaêh

jHdc f,i lrk wu,a l=*a¾ yd iudk nj meyeÈ,s lrhs'

uq#ñkajrhl=f.a l%shdldÍ;ajh yd uq#ñka fkdjk flkl=f.a ls%hdldÍ;ajh

w;r fjkila we;' uq#ñkajrhl=f.a ls%hdldÍ;ajh my; i|yka fldkafoaisj,g

hg;a fõ'

01' w,a,dyag yd Tyqf.a ¥;hdg hg;a j isàu'

02' uqyïuoa i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=ud l< wdldrhg tu ls%hd isÿlsÍu'

03' w,a,dyaf.a ;Dma;sh n,dfmdfrd;a;=fjka isàu'

04' w,a,dyaf.ka muKla m%;sM,h n,dfmdfrd;a;=fjka isàu'

Budka iys; ck;djf.a msú;=re ffO¾hh uqiq jQ ls%hdldrlï bia,dóh

b;sydih mqrd u olakg yels h' uq#ñkajrhl=f.a taldhk wruqK jkafka w,a,dya

;Dma;su;a lsÍuhs" hkakg hym;a mQ¾jdo¾Yhla f,i my; i|yka isÿùu ±laúh

yels h'

hqo msáhl § w,s r<sh,a,dyq wkayq ;=ud i;=rd iu`. igka lrñka isáfha h'

i;=rd ÿ¾j, jk wjia:dfõ § Tyq w,s r<sh,a,dyq wkayq ;=udf.a uqyqKg W.=r mdod

fl< .eiqfõ h' tl jr u" w,s r<sh,a,dyq wkayq ;=ud Tyq tu ia:dkfha § w;yer

fjk;l .sfha h' fuh ±l úiauhg m;a jQ Tyq blaukska ÿqne| f.dia —udj tf,i

w;yer .sfha ulaksido@˜ lshd úuiqfõ h' túg t;=ud —kqU w,a,dyaf.a i;=rl= neúka

kqU j urd ±óug W;aidy lf<ñ' kuqÿ" kqU W.=r mdod fl< .eiQúg uf.a i;=rl=

njg m;a jq‚' fuu ;;a;ajfha § ud kqU uerefõ kï th wd;aud¾:ldó ueÍula

njg m;a fõ' w,a,dyaf.a l=i,a wysñ j hhs' tfyhska" uu kqU j w;yeßfhñ˜

hkqfjka ms<s;=re ÿkafka h'

tu ksid wmf.a uq;=kañ;a;kaf.a fujeks wdo¾Yh ms<smeo wms o wmf.a

Budkh Yla;su;a lr .ksuq'

8

wNHdi

01' Budkh yd wu,a w;r we;s in|;dj my|kak'

02' w,a l=¾wdkfha 18(110 jk jelsh my< ùug fya;= jQ isÿùu l=ula o@

03' hy ls%hd bgq lsÍfuys ,d uq#ñkajrhl= yd uq#ñka fkdjkakl= w;r

fjki j.=.; lrkak'

04' —id,sya jk wu,a˜ hkafkka Tn jgyd.;a foa l=ula o@

05' mdvfï i|yka jk w,a l=¾wdka" y§ia u.ska fmkajd fokq ,nk

hy .=Kdx. ,ehsia;= .; lrkak'

9

foaj O¾u ¥;hka hk wh w,a,dyaf.a u.fmkaùu fuf,djg foaYkd lsÍfï

fiajh bgq l<y' Tjqkaf.ka ñksia iudch foaj u.fmkaùu ,nd .;ay' Tjqkag

w,a,dya úiska m%Þkh lrk ,o u.fmkaùu" foaYkd —ßid,;a˜ Ô¾u ¥; fufyjr&

hkqfjka ye|skafõ' fuu ßid,;a ñksid hyu. heùug w;HjYHh fõ' w,a,dya

;ud ms%hlrkakka fj; muKla wjk; ùfï yeÕSu we;s lrkq ,nkafka h' fuh

—ysodh;a˜ hkqfjka mejfia' fuksid foaj Ñka;kh" l=i,a lsÍfï wjia:dj" idrO¾u

we;s fõ' fuh my; iòyka idOl u.ska jgyd.; yels h'

01' ñksia ±kqu" ;dCI‚l ÈhqKqj yd úoHd;aul fidhd .ekSï ;=< úiañ; jd¾;d

;nñka mj;shs' kuqÿ" idrO¾uj,g tys lsisÿ iaÓridr" ;ks u.fmkaùula ,nd§ug

;rï Yla;shla fkdue;' tfyhska" ñksidg .=Kd;aul idrO¾u y÷kd .ekSug;a

tAjd /l .ksñka Ôj;a ùug;a foaj u.fmkaùu w;HjYHh fõ' ;j o" jix jQ lreKq

ms<sn| ±kqu ,nd.ekSug;a ta flfrys úYajdih ;eîug;a tAjd .eUqre w¾:fhka

úYajdi lsÍug;a foaj u.fmkaùï wjYH jkafka h' my; i|yka w,a l=¾wdka jelsh

;=<ska fuh meyeÈ,s j u f.kyer olajkafka h' ljfrla w,a,dya ^Tyqf.a O¾uh&

iaÓridr j .%yKh lrkafka o Tyq ksh; jYfhka u Rcq ud¾.h Tiafia fhduq

lrjkq ,nkafka h ^3#101&

ßid,;a yd ysodh;a

03

10

tf,i foaj u.fmkaùï fkdms<sf.k ;¾l lrkakka ms<sn| j w,a l=¾wdkh Tjqka

foi n,d fufia mjikafka h'

—w,a,dya my< l< oE wkq.ukh lrkqhs˜ Tjqkg lshkq ,enQ l,ayS" —ke;'

wmf.a uq;=kañ;a;kaf.ka wm ÿgq oE wm wkq.ukh lrkafkuqhs˜ Tjqyq lsh;s' nqr

nqrd k.sk ^ksrfha& .skafka o~qjug ffI;dka Tjqka le|jQj o ^fufia Tjqyq Tjqka

wkq.ukh lrkafkys o@& ^ 31#21&

02' ñksid ujk ,o wruqK ksjerÈ j jgyd .; hq;= h' ke;fyd;a" ñksid wdYdjkag

jy,a ù fuf,dj Ôú;h úkdY lr .kshs' mrf,dfõ §;a wmydihg m;a fõ' fujeks

;;a;ajhla ;=< § Tyqf.ka m%Yak lsÍu;a Tyqg o~qjï lsÍu;a idOdrK fkdfõ' tu

ksid mrudka; Èk Tyqg o~qjï lsÍu;a widOdrK nj ;¾l l< o th jereoaola nj

mejish fkdyels h' kuqÿ" w,a,dya kS;s .rel h' lsisÿ wd;auhlg widOdrK f,i

o~qjï fkdlrkafka h' tfyhska" ;u foaj O¾u ¥;hka tjd ßid,;a ;=<ska ñksidg

Tyq ujk ,o wruqK myod tu moku u; ls%hd lsÍug u.fmkakqfõ h' th meñŒug

fmr fõokdjlska wm Tjqka úkdY l<d kï —wmf.a rí ^mrudêm;shdfKks& Tn

wm fj; riQ,ajrhl= fkdtõfõ ukao@ tfia kï wm kskaÞjg iy wmlS¾;shg

m;aùug fmr wmg Tnf.a wdhd;a ^joka& wkq.ukh l< yelsj ;snqfKa˜ hehs Tjqka

lshkq we;' ^20#134&

fuu jelsh u.ska foaj u.fmkaùu ,nd ÿka miq j w,a,dya úiska ;Hd. fyda

o~qjï ,nd fokq ,efí" hkak jgyd .; yels h'

03' ñksia iudch hyuf.ys heùug fYa%IaG wdo¾Yhla w;HjYH h' ñksia is;a

i;ka ;=< mqyq m%pdrhla we;s lrkakd jQ n,mEug jvd úYd, n,mEula m%dfhda.sl

wdo¾Yhkag we;s l< yels h' foaj O¾u ¥;fhda tjeks n,mEula we;s lrkakfkda

jQy' tu.ska ßid,;a foaj u.fmkaùu Wfoid udOHhla f,i ls%hd lrhs " hkakg

Tjqyq idlaIs or;s' tfyhska" Tjqka ms<sn| j w,a l=¾wdkh fufia m%Yxid lr we;'

^kìjrhdfKks& w,a,dya hyu. fmkajQ wh jkafka Tyq u h' tneúka kqU o&

Tjqkaf.a hyu. wkq.ukh lrkq' ^6#90& hkqfjka Tjqka foi n,d w,a l=¾wdkh

i|yka lrhs'

04' ñksia Ôú;hg u. fmkaùfï iqÿiqlu ñksia ±kqug ,nd ÿkafka kï" ñksia

iudch fnÿï oyilg fnfoa' —tlafiai;alu˜ hkak isÿ l< fkdyelalla njg

m;a fõ' fuu ;;a;ajfhka ßid,;a ñksia iuch wdrCId lrkafka h' ish¨ fokd

wksjd¾hfhka u iu.sfhka isáh hq;= wjia:d fmkajd § Tjqka iduldó lrkafka h'

11

ñksia iudch foaj u.fmkaùu w;HjYHh u lreKla neúka w,a,dya

wrïNfha isg u foaj O¾u ¥;hka tjñka isáfha h' iqyq*a yd wd.ñl lD;s my<

lf<a h'

uqia,sï ne;suf;l= w,a,dya úiska my< lrk ,o wd.ï ish,a, u ms<s.; hq;= h'

Bg fujeks jels idËs f,i olakg ,efí'

— Tjqyq ish,af,da u w,a,dya j" Tyqf.a u,lajreka j" Tyqf.a foaj .%ka: yd

Tyqf.a riQ,ajreka j úYajdi lrkakdyq h˜ ^2# 285 &

wd.ñl lD;s j,g my< lrk ,o iqyq*ays ixLHdj 110 f,i i|yka fõ' tkï"

wdoï wff,ysiai,dï ;=udg 10 ISoa wff,ysiai,dï ;=udg 50

boaÍia wff,ysiai,dï ;=udg 30 bírdySï wff,ysiai,dï ;=udg 10

uQid wff,ysiai,dï ;=udg 10

fï w;ßka bírdySï wff,ysiai,dï ;=udg yd uQid wff,ysiai,dï ;=udg

my< lrk ,o iqyq*a ms<sn| j muKla w,a l=¾wdkays m%ldYhg m;a lr we;' tf,i"

uQid wff,ysiai,dï ;=udg ;õrd;a wd.ñl lD;sh o

ÞjQoa wff,ysiai,dï ;=udg inQ¾ wd.ñl lD;sh o

Bid wff,ysiai,dï ;=udg bkaÔ,a wd.ñl lD;sh o

uqyïuoa i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=udg *q¾ldka wd.ñl lD;sh o my< flre‚'

by; iòyka lrk ,o ish¨ u wd.ñl lD;s w,a,dya úiska my< lrk ,oaola

nj wm úYajdi l< hq;= h' tA iu. u wjidk wd.ñl lD;sh jk w,a l=¾wdkh

ms<sme§u hyu.Wfoid jQ wjidk f;dard .ekSu hkak iaÓr lr .; hq;= h'

wNHdi

01' wd.ñl lD;s" iqyq*a my< lrk ,o kìjrekaf.a kï ,ehsia;= .; lrkak'

02' ñksia iudchg hyu. fmkaùug ßid,;ays wjYH;dj yÕjk idOdrK fya;=

f.k yer olajkak'

12

bia,duh ;=< msßisÿNdjfha jeo.;alu'

bia,dï uq`¿ Ôú;hg u u. fmkaùuls' th ñksia Ôú;fha ish¨ u wxYhkag

wjYH foaYkd" u. fmkaùï ,nd § we;' tA wkqj bia,dï" th ms<smÈk iEu uqia,sï

ne;su;l=g u msßisÿNdjh /l.kakd f,i wjjdo lrhs' msrsisÿ j isàu hym; f.k

fok bndo;hla f,i o th fmkajd fohs'

w,a,dya iEu úg u msßisÿ j isákakkag fifkyi olajk nj w,a l=¾wdkfha

i|yka fõ'

— ksh; jYfhka u w,a,dya úiska mdßY=oaOjka;hskag fifkyi olajkafka h˜

^9(108&

kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=udg wdrïNfha § my< lrk ,o ziQrd

uqoaoiais¾Z ys i|yka jelshl msßisÿNdjfha jeo.;alu yÕjd we;'

—^kì;=udKksæ& kqUf.a jia;% msßisÿ lr.kq' ^ 74(04 &

tf,iu kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=ud o msßisÿlu Budkfha tla

fldgila hehs mejiSfuka tys jeo.;alu wmg jgyd fokq we;'

—msßisÿlu Budkfha wvls ˜ ûqia,sï&

uqia,sïjrhl= ;u ffoksl Ôú;fha § iEu wjia:djl u msßisÿ j isàug

wjjdo lrk bia,dï" i,d;h" b#;sld*a jeks m%Odk bndo;a /ila bgqlsÍu Wfoid

uQ,sl fldkafoaishla f,i th iòyka lr we;' th my; i|yka y§ifhys iaÓr lr

we;'

—msßisÿNdjfhka f;dr jQ lsis ÿ i,d;hla w,a,dya fkdms<s.kafka h˜

ûqia,sï&

msßisÿlu ^;ydr;a& ms<sn| bia,dóh ±lau b;d mq¿,a h' uqia,sïjrhl= ndysr

msßisÿlug fldf;la wjOdkh fhduq lrkafka o tf,iu wNHka;r msrsisÿlu fj;

o ±ä wjOdkhla fhduq l< hq;= hehs th foaYkd lrkafka h' uqia,sïjrhl= YÍrh

w;a;ydr;a ^msßisÿlu&

04

13

flf,i wmsßisÿ foaj,ska j<lajdf.k msßisÿ j isáh hq;= o tf,i u Tyqf.a is;;a

B¾IHdj" WvÕ=nj" jerÈ is;=ú,s" ffjrh jeks ÿ¾.=Kdx.j,ska f;drj msßisÿ j ;sìh

hq;= njg bia,dóh oelau ;=<ska wjOdrKh flfrhs'

c,h yd tys j¾.ñksidf.a ndysr msßisÿlu /l .ekSug m%Odk jYfhka rel=,la jkafka

c,h hs' c,fha j¾." tAjd Ndú; lsÍfï § n,mdk iSud ms<sn| j bia,dï b;d u

meyeÈ,s j úia;r lr we;'

bia,dóh kS;s úoaj;=ka c,h my; i|yka wdldrhg j¾. lr we;'

01' w,a udW;a ;yQ¾ ^b;d msßisÿ c,h&

fuh iajdNdjfhka msßisÿ h' wka ish,a, msßisÿ lsÍug Yla;sh we;' c,fha

iajdNdjhg lsisÿ fjkila fuys isÿ ù ke;' fuhg úúOdldr c,h wh;a fõ'

) j¾Idj" ysu" whsialeg hkdÈfhka ,nd .kakd c,h

) uqyqÿ c,h

) .x.d c,h" W,am;a Èh

) tla ia:dkhl §¾> ld,hla /£ ;sîfuka fld<" mdis" f.ä hkdÈh jeà

fjkia jQ wêl c,h ^WÞ ( jej&

fujeks c,h wksjd¾h kEu" ckdid keùu hkd§ wd.ñl j.lSï bgq

lsÍug;a kÔia bj;a lsÍug;a Ndú; lrkq ,efí'

fuu c,h fldgia ;=klg fnÞ olajd we;'

1& w,a udW,a liS¾ ^wêl c,h&

fuh l=,a,ff;ka m%udKhg jvd jeä c,h fõ' l=,a,ff;ka hkq ,Sg¾ 210 l c,

m%udKh fõ' fujeks c,fhys kÔihla tla jQ mu‚ka u tu c,h kÔia fkdfõ'

tkuq;a" tu c,fhys j¾Kh" iqj|" rih hk .=Kdx. w;rska tla .=Kdx.hla fyda

fjkia jqjfyd;a muKla th kÔia njg m;a fõ' fuu c, j¾.h w,a udWka uq;a,la

hkqfjka o y`ÿkajkq ,efí'

kej; flfia Ndú; l< yels o @

fuu c,h ld,hla .; ùfuka iajdNdúl j fyda jeä c,hla tla ùfuka tu

c,h fjkia ù b;d msßisÿ c,h ^;yQ¾& njg m;a úh yels h' túg tu c,h kej;

jq`¿# lsÍu" wksjd¾h kEu jeks wd.ñl wjYH;d Wfoid Ndú; l< yels h'

14

2& w,a udW,a l,S,a ^w,am c,h&

l=,a,ff;ka m%udKhg jvd wvq b;d msßisÿ c,h fufia y÷kajkq ,efí'

fujeks c,hg kÔia tla jqjfyd;a tys j¾Kh" iqj|" ri jeks .=Kdx. w;=ßka

lsisjla fjkia fkdjqj o tu c,h kÔia fõ' kuq;a" reêr ixirKhla fkdue;s

ueiaid" l+ôhd" óueiaid jeks lDóka jeàfuka th kÔia njg m;a fkdfõ'


fuu c,hg l=,a,ff;ka m%udKhg jvd jeä c,h tla lr tys j¾Kfhys

fyda iqjf|ys fyda rifhys fyda fjkila olakg fkd,efí kï" th kej; wd.ñl

wjYH;d Wfoid Ndú; l< yels h'

3& w,a udW,a uqia;#u,a ^mßyrKh lrk ,o c,h&

l=,a,ff;ka m%udKhg jvd wvq b;d msßisÿ c,h *¾¨ jk kEu" jq`¿# lsÍu

jeks *¾¨ jk j.lSï Wfoid Ndú; lf<a kï fuu c,h fufia y÷kajkq ,nhs'

tu c,h ;j;a *¾¨ jQ lghq;a;la i|yd Ndú; l< fkdyels h'


fuu c,hg wêl jYfhka b;d msßisÿ c,h tla lr l=,a,ff;ka m%udKhg

m;a lr b;d msßisÿ c,h ^;yQ¾& njg m;a l< miq j kej; wd.ñl wjYH;d i|yd

Ndú; l< yels h'

02' w,a udW;a ;dyS¾ ^msßisÿ c,h&iajdëk j msßisÿ jqj o wka ish,a, msßisÿ fkdlrk c,h fuf,i ye¢ka

fõ' msßisÿ øjHh c,hg tla ùfuka tys j¾Kfhys fyda iqjf|ys fyda rifhys

lsishï fjkila isÿ ù we;s f;a" frdai j;=r" m,;=re hqI" isis,a îu jeks øjH

fuu .Khg wh;a fõ' ;eô,s j;=r jeks iajdNdjfhka u c,fha iajdNdúl

;;a;ajfhka fjkia jQ ødjKh o fuu j¾.hg wh;a fõ'

15

fïjd wdydr" T!IO jeks fjk;a wjYH;d Wfoid Ndú; lsÍug yels jqj o

wd.ñl j.lSï fjkqfjka fyda msßisÿ ùug fyda Ndú; l< fkdyels h'

03' w,a udW,a uq;kÊðia ^wmsßisÿ c,h&fuh wmsßisÿ c,h fõ' wka ish,a, msßisÿ fkdlrhs' uq;% jeks iajdNdjfhka

u wmsßisÿ ødjK yd u;a øjH jeks kðia ñY% jQ c,h fuu j¾.hg wh;a fõ' fuu

c,h wd.ñl j.lSï fjkqfjka fyda msßisÿ ùug fyda Ndú; l< fkdyels h'

³ls,a, yd bka ñ§u uqia,sï ne;su;l= iq¿ ls,a, yd uyd ls,a,g nÿka ùu —yoia˜ kï fõ'

uqia,sï ne;su;l= wmsßisÿ ;;a;ajhl § bia,dï msßisÿ jk l%u folla fmkajd §

we;' fuu u. fmkaùu iuyr úg j.lSula f,i o bndo;a lsysmhla bgq lsÍug

w;HjYH fldkafoaishla f,i o ±laúh yels h' msßisÿ ùu o bndo;ays tla wx.hls'

1' iq`¿ ls,af,ka msßisÿ jk wdldrh

iq`¿ ls,af,ka msßisÿ ùug jq`¿# l< hq;= h' uqyqK" w;" ysi" ll=, hk wjhj

fuys § iïnkaO fõ' iq`¿ ls,a, we;s jk wjia:d jq`¿# ìf|k wjia:d ms<sn| j fuka

u *¾¨" iqkak;a ms<sfj< hkdÈh ms<sn| j Tn óg fmr bf.k f.k we;'

2' uyd ls,af,ka msßisÿ jk wdldrh

uyd ls,af,ka msßisÿ ùug Èh kEu ^.=ia,a& wksjd¾h fõ' uq`¿ YÍrh u

c,fhka msßisÿ lrk l%uh fufia y÷kajhs' ia;S% mqreI ixi¾.fha fh§u" Y=l% Od;=

msgùu" w¨;ska bia,duh je<| .ekSu" urKhg m;a ùu" yhs,a yd ks*dia jeks úúO

wjia:djkays § Èh kEu uqia,sï ne;su;l=yg wksjd¾h fõ' ls,af,ka ñ§ug Èh kEu

yd jq`M# lsÍu tlsfklg fjkia bndo;a folls' tAjd bgq lsÍu Wfoid l=i,a ysñ fõ'

³ msßisÿ lrk wdldrfhys olakg we;s úl,am l%ubia,dï ms<sme§ug myiq wd.ula jYfhka o ls,af,ka msßisÿ jk ls%hdldrlu

;=< jq`¿# lsÍfï § fyda Èh kEfï § fyda ndOl we;s jk úg úl,am l%u lsysmhlg

fhduq ùfï wjldYh ,nd § we;' m%dfhda.sl wd.ula jYfhka o tjeks úl,am l%u

w;r ;hïuqï yd cîr;a hkdÈh m%uqLia:dkhla ,nd .kS' fuu úl,am l%u fol u

w,a l=¾wdka yd iqkakdya úiska iaÓr lrk ,È'

1' ;hïuqï

;hïuqï hkq wksjd¾h jq`¿# fyda wksjd¾h kEu Wfoid c,h mßyrKh

lsÍug fkdyels jk úg Bg úl,amhla f,i msßisÿ mia Ndú; fldg uqyqK yd

oE;a uiayq lsÍu ^msßue§u& fõ' wikSm fya;= fldg f.k fyda c,h fkdue;slu

fya;=fjka c,h Ndú; l< fkdyels wjia:djl § fyda mdkh i|yd muKla c,h

;sfnk wjia:djl § ;hïuqï lr i,d;h we;=¿ wfkl=;a bndo;a bgq l< yels h'

16

2' cîr;a

cîr;a hkq YÍr wjhj u; we;s ;=jd< fjkqfjka ouk ,o fj¿u nekafâÊ&

fyda ma,diag¾ fõ' jq`¿# lr f.k isák ;;a;ajhl § jq`M# lrk ,o wjhj u;

muKla fuu fj`¿ï oud ;sfnkafka kï" tu fldgia c,fhka fidaÞ yeÍu fjkqjg

;hïuqï lr .ekSug bia,dï wkque;sh ,nd § we;' kuq;a wfkl=;a wjhj c,h

Ndú; fldg jq`¿# lr .; hq;= h'

wNHdi

01' msßisÿlu ms<sn| i|yka jk w,a l=¾wdka jelshl yd y§ihl mßj¾;kh

,shkak'

02' c,fha m%Odk j¾. ;=k WÞyrK iu. ,shkak'

03' —yoia hkq l=ula @ —yoia foj¾.fhka msßisÿ jk m%Odk l%u fol l=ula o@

04' ;hïuqï lsÍug yels wjia:d folla ,shkak'

05' Èh kEug Ndú; lrk ,o l=,a,ff;ka m%udKhg jvd wvq c,h kej;

jq`¿# lsÍug Ndú; lrkafka kï l=ula l< hq;= o @

17

uqia,sï ne;suf;l= bndo;a bgq lsÍug msßisÿ j isàfï wjYH;dj ms<sn| j

fmr mdvfuys È wms bf.k .;af;uq' uqia,sï ne;su;l= iEu úg u msßisÿ j yd

ksfrda.S j isàugkï Tyq kÔiaj,ska ^wmsßisÿlñka& je<ls Ôj;a ùu w;HjYH h'

wrdì NdIdj ;=< —wka kcdi;a˜ hk jpkh wmsßisÿlu hk w¾:fhka Ndú; lrkq

,efí' fujeks wmsßisÿlï" tAjdfha j¾. yd bka msßisÿ jk l%u ms<sn| j bia,dï

wmg meyeo,s j mjid we;' fuu mdvfuka kÔia ms<sn| j ±k .ksuq'

kÔia j¾. kÔia msßisÿ lrk l%uh ie,ls,a,g f.k th fldgia ;=klg fnÞ olajd

we;'

1' iudkH kÔia

2' uDÿ kÔia

3' ±ä kÔia

wka kcdi;a ^wmsßisÿlu&

05

18

1' idudkH kÔia ys wvx.= jk foaj,a³ u,my

³ uQ;%

³ reêr

³ ierj

³ jukh

³ uÈ

³ jÈ

³ u;ameka

³ ;o kskafoa § uqúka msgjk fl<

³ wkqNj lsÍug wkque;sh fkd,;a i;=kaf.a lsß

³ i;=kaf.a u< l=Kq

³ Ôj;aj isák m%dŒkaf.ka fjka jQ fldgia

my; iòyka oE idudkH kÔia ;;a;ajfhka ñfoa'

) iajdNdúl j ñh .sh uiqka" m<Õeáhd

^fïjd wkqNj lsÍug wkqu; lr we;'&

) reêr ixirKhla fkdue;s l=yqUqjka" ó ueiaid hkdÈh

) wkqNj lsÍug wkque;sh we;s ñh .sh i;=kaf.a wiaÓ" wx" ksh" frdau"

msydgq hkdÈh'

) b;d u iaj,am jYfhka we÷fuys" fyda YÍrfhys fyda ;ejreKq reêrh

) ujq lsß

msßisÿ lrk wdldrh'

by; i|yka lrk ,o kÔia YÍrfha fyda we÷fuys fyda ;ejreKq úg m<uq j

u tu kÔih tu ia:dkfhka bj;a l< hq;= h' miq j kÔifha rih" j¾Kh" iqj|

hk .=Kdx. ;=k u bj;a jk ;=re fiaÈh hq;= h' c,h muKla Ndú; fldg kÔih

bj;a l< fkdyels kï inka" inka l=vq" hkdÈh Ndú; l< hq;= h' msßisÿ l< miq j o

tu kÔifha j¾Kh" iqj| hk fol u fyda ke;fyd;a rih muKla b;sß j we;akï

th msßisÿ hehs i,lkq fkd,efí'

19

02' uDÿ kÔiays wvx.= jk foaj,aujq lsß muKla wdydr f,i .kq ,nk jhi wjqreÿ folg wvq msßñ orejl=f.a

uQ;%'

msßisÿ lrk wdldrh

fuu kÔih msßisÿ lrk úg ksYaÑ; kÔih ;ejrekq ia:dkh ñßld kÔih

bj;a lsÍfuka miq j" tu ia:dkfhys b;d msßisÿ c,h wjYH ;rï biSu muKla

m%udKj;a h'

03 z±ä kÔiaZ ys wvx.= jk foaj,an,a,d" W!rd" hk i;=kaf.a u, my" ierj" fl<" oyäh" reêrh jeks ish,a,

u fuu .Khg we;=<;a fõ'

msßisÿ lrk wdldrh

fuu kÔih msßisÿ lrk úg by; mjik ,o l%uh wkq.ukh lsÍu;a iu.

;j ÿrg;a mia ñY% c,h Ndú; lsÍu;a i;a j;djla c,h j;a lr fia§u;a wksjd¾h

fõ' m%:ufhka u fyda w;r u. § mia ødjKh Ndú; l< yels h' ±ä kÔia ;ejreKq

ia:dkfhys kÔifhys uQ,sl .=Kdx. ;=k fkdfmkqK o tu ia:dkh i;a jrla

fiaÈh hq;= h'

úys§ mj;sk ûqyqo" jej jeks& wêl j c,h /f|k ia:dkj, msßisÿ lrk

úg yd .x.d jeks .,d hk c,fhys msßisÿ lrk úg c,h iq`¿ jYfhka l,;d tu

c,h ;=<g ih jrla Èfha .s,ajd .ekSu m%udKj;a fõ'

20

kÔia foaj,a msßisÿ lrk wdldrh

fmdÿfõ .;a l," kÔia foa msßisÿ l< fkdyels h' kuq;a" kÔia jk øjH

lsysmhla Ndú; l< yelsh' tAjdg WÞyrK f,i my; i|yka foa ±laúh yels h'

) i;=kaf.a iï

n,a,d" W!rd yer wfkl=;a i;=kaf.a iï .;a l, fyd¢ka moï lr .ekSu

;=<ska wdydrhg .ekSu yer" fjk;a wjYH;d i|yd Ndú; l< yels h'

) u;ameka ^rd&

iajdNdúl j .kakd ,o ndysr øjH ñY% fkdlrk ,o rd" iajdNdjfhka u

úkdlsß njg m;a jkafka kï" th wdydr i|yd Ndú; l< yels h'

) kÔia ;ejreK leá jQ lsß

uqojk ,o lsß" t<Õs f;,a" ng¾" Öia jeks leá jQ ;;a;ajfhys we;s lsß u;

kÔihla m;s; jQfha kï tu kÔih ;ejreKq fldgi bj;a lr b;sßh Ndú; l<

yels h'

wNHdi

01' zkÔiaysZ m%Odk j¾. WÞyrK iu. ,shkak'

02' hul=f.a jia;%fhys ±ä kÔia ;ejreKq úg th bj;a lr .ekSug l=ula l<

hq;= o@

03' wkqNjh g ;ykï lrk ,o n,a,d-W!rd yer wfkl=;a i;=kaf.a iï msßisÿ

lsÍug l=ula l< hq;= o@

04' my; iòyka lreKq iïnkaOfhka bia,dóh kS;s Í;s fidhd ,shkak'

01' ñh.sh .jhl=f.a ifuka fnr iE§u'

02' uÿrejl=g .ik úg YÍrfha reêrh ;ejÍu

03' uqojmq ó lsß n÷klg kÔihla m;s; ùu'

04' iajdNdúlj ñh .sh" krla fkdjQ ;;a;ajfhys ;sfnk m<Õeáhl=

wdydrhg .ekSu'

21

uqia,sï ne;su;l= ;=ka wdldrhl j.lSï bgq l< hq;= njg" kshu lrkq

,en we;' tkï

1' bndo;a

2' budr;a

3' ls,d*;a

1' bndo;a hkak w,a,dya keu§u yd" wjk; ùu;a

2' budr;a hkak fmdf<dj ire lsÍu;a

3' ls,d*;a hkak fuf,dj w,a,dyaf.a ksfhdað;hd f,i th md,kh lsÍu;a fõ'

fï w;ßka bndo;a m%uqL ia:dkhla ,nd .kshs'

bndo;a

—bndo;a˜ kï wrdì moh —wno˜ hk l%shd mofhka ìysjQjls' fuu mofhys

kuÈkafka h" wjk; jQfõ h" hg;a jQfõ h" hk wre;a wka;¾.; h' fï wkqj

bndo;a hkak keu§u" hg;a ùu" wjk; ùu hk f;areï f.k fohs' bia,dóh

iïm%Þh ;=< —bndo;a˜ hkak w,a,dya wmg l< úOdk f.k l%shd lsÍu ;=<ska yd

j<lajk ,o fohska je<lS isàu;a ;=<ska Tyqg hgy;a j ls%hd lsÍu fõ" hkqfjka

w¾:l:kh lr we;'

fuu hg;a ùu w,a,dya fj; ±la jQ wdorh fya;=fjka isÿ l< hq;= h' tkï"

bndo;a hkak —w,a,dya fj; olajk Wmßu wdorh iu.ska jQ mQ¾K hg;a nj˜

hkqfjka woyia l< yels h'

w,a l=¾wdkh fuf,i mjihs'—ud keu§ug yer ^fjk lsisjla Wfoid& uu

ðkajre yd ñksid fkdueõfjñ˜ ^51#56&

bndo;a

06

22

fï wkqj n,k l," bndo;ays uq¿ Ôú;h u we;=<;a lr we;" hkak wmg

jgyd .; yels h' i;H jYfhka u" bndo;a hkafkka ksYaÑ; keuÿï lSmhla fuka

u ffoksl Ôú;h ;=< isÿ lrkq ,nk ish¨ u ld¾h i|yka fõ'

tu ksid" ;u uq¿ Ôú;h u bndo;a f,i ielish hq;= kï" IÍwdjg wkqj ish¨ ld¾h ilia lr .; hq;= h' túg foúhka jykafia wm ks¾udKh lsÍfï

wruqK wms bgq lr .;af;da fjuq'

bndo;a ys wruqK

w,a,dya wmg wksjd¾h lrk ,o ish¨ bndo;a fof,dfjys u Nd.Hh ysñ lr fok Wiia wruqKq iys; tAjd h' i,d;h" ild;h" Wmjdih" yÊ jeks uQ,sl bndo;a wksjd¾h lrk ,o wruqKq ms<sn| jQ w,a l=¾wdka woyia my; wdldrhg f.dkq l<

yels h'

³ is; md,kh lr foaj Nla;sh we;s lr .ekSu'

³ w,a,dya iu.ska ne£u j¾Okh lr .ekSu'

³ mdmS ls%hdjkaf.ka je<lS Ôj;a ùug mqreÿ ùu'

³ mß;Hd.YS,s;ajh" bjiSu" wkHhkag hym; ie,iSu jeks .=Kdx. j¾Okh lr

.ekSu'

³ foaj ;Dma;sh ,nd iaj¾.hg we;=¿ ùug u. mdÞ .ekSu'

23

bndo;a foj¾.hls

01' uQ,sl ksYaÑ; bndo;a

02' ffoksl Ôú;h iu. iïnkaO bndo;a

01' uQ,sl ksYaÑ; bndo;a

i,d;a" ild;a" Wmjdih" yÊ hk bndo;a fuys wvx.= h' fïjd ms<s.ekSug

jeo.;a fldkafoais folla we;' tkï" w,a l=¾wdkhg yd iqkakdyajg wkql+, ùu"

yd msú;=re fÉ;kdfjka bgq lsÍu fõ'

fujeks bndo;a" fuf,i o ie,ls,a,g .; yels h'

³ YÍrh yd l%shdj iïnkaO tAjd

i,d;a" Wmjdih" yÊ hkdÈh

³ is; yd iïnkaO tAjd

bya,dia" bjiSu hkdÈh

³ Okh yd iïnkaO tAjd

ild;a" iold" W,ayshshd hkdÈh

³ jpkh yd iïnkaO tAjd

foudmshka iu. hym;a f,i l;d lsÍu¡ Tjqka fjkqfjka m%d¾:kd lsÍu¡

fuf,i j¾. lr ;snqK o fïjd w;ßka iuyrla wfkl=;a tAjd iu. o

in|;djla ;sfnk nj wjOdrKh l< yels h' yÊ hkak YÍrh" Okh yd is; iu.

o iïnkaO hehs WÞyrK f,i mejish yels h'

02' ffoksl Ôú;h iu. iïnkaO bndo;a

wdydr .ekSu" ksÞ .ekSu" /lshdjl ksr;ùu hkdÈ ffoksl l%shdldrlï

bia,dï mjik fldkafoaisj,g wkql+, jk úg tAjd bndo;a njg m;a fõ' hful=

w,a,dya fjkqfjka ;u YÍrh Yla;su;a lr .ekSug wkqNj lrkafka kï" Tyqf.a

wkqNjh bndo;a njg m;a ùu WÞyrKhla f,i ±laúh yels h'

fujeks ffoksl l%shdldrlï bndo;a hk ;;a;ajhg m;a ùug bia,dï my;

i|yka fldkafoais bÈßm;a lr we;'

^w& IÍwdfõ wkque;sh

wmf.a ffoksl" fuf,dj l%shdldrlï bndo;a iajrEmh ,nd .ekSug bia,dóh

wkque;sh b;d w.fka h' wd¾Ólh ke;fyd;a bmhSu —bndo;aj,g˜ WÞyrK f,i

±laúh yels h' kuq;a bia,dóh IÍwd ^kS;sÍ;s& wkque;sh fkd,;a u;aøjH úlsŒu"

iQÿj jeks lsisÿ l%shdldrlula bndo;a njg m;a fkdfõ'

24

^wd& msú;=re fÉ;kdj ^bya,dia&

w,a,dya fjkqfjka" Tyqf.a ;Dma;sh m;d msú;=re fÉ;kdfjka isÿ lrk

ld¾h bndo;a njg m;a fõ' Wmhd Ôj;a úh hq;= h' y,d,a jQ l%uhg jia;=j fidhd

.; hq;= h' w,a,dyaf.a ud¾.fha úhoï l< hq;= h" hk hym;a wruq‚ka hful=

wkqu; lrk ,o /lshdjl wkque;sh ,;a wdldrhg kshef<k úg tu W;aidyh

zbndo;aZ njg m;a fõ'

we& IÍwd iSudj blaujd fkdhEu

bia,dï wmf.a ffoksl l%shdldrlïj,g iSud /ila mkjd we;' tAjd blaujd

hk úg bndo;a hk iajrEmh fkd.kS' jHdmdr —bndo;a˜ f,i ie,lSug kï fmd<sh"

wmøjH l,jï lsÍu" ieÕùu hkdÈh tys ñY% fkdúh hq;= h" hkak WÞyrK f,i

ie,lsh yels h'

wE& uQ,sl j;dj;aj,g wjysr fkdùu

wmg wksjd¾h lrk ,o uQ,sl bndo;a ld,h ks¾Kh lrk ,o tAjd h'

tjeks bndo;aj,g ndOd muqKqjk wkaoñka ffoksl l%shdldrlï isÿ jkafka kï"

th bndo;a hk iSudfjka msg;g hehs' hful=f.a ls%hdjla mxpld, i,d;hg bgq

lsÍug ndOd jk úg tys wfkl=;a fldkafoais imqrd ;snqK o tu l%shdj bndo;a f,i

fkdie,lSu WÞyrK f,i .; yels h'

b& ksjerÈ j yd ms<sfj<g bgq lsÍu

bia,dï ieuúg u ms<sfj< yd ksjerÈ;dj rlskd" idOdrK wd.uls' fuu

.=Kdx. blaujd .sh l%shd th fkdms<s.ks' .ukl § ud¾. kS;s Í;s W,a,x>kh lsÍu"

25

rfÜ kS;sh W,a,x>kh lsÍu" kdhl;ajhg wjk; fkdùu bndo;a f,i ie,lsh

fkdyels h'

bia,dóh úoaj;=ka bndo;a" tAjdfhys jeo.;alug wkqj my; i|yka wdldrhg

fnÞ olajd we;'

1' *¾¨

wksjd¾h jk bndo;a' fufia ye`Èka fõ' tys fldgia folls'

w& *¾¨ whska

fuh iEu uqia,sïjrhl= u wksjd¾hfhka u bgq l< hq;= j.lSula fõ' fuh

bgq fkdfldg meyer yßkakd mdmsIaGhl= njg m;a fõ' mxp ld, i,d;" ru<dka

Wmjdih mjq, kv;a;= lsßu hk lreKq fuys wvx.= fõ'

wd& *¾¨ ls*dhd

fuh o iEu uqia,sïjrhl=u bgq l< hq;= j.lSula fõ' kuq;a iudcfha lsysm

fofkl= bgq lf<a kï wka wh j.lSfuka ñfoa' iudch th bgq fkdlf<a kï"

ish¨ fokd u mdmsIaGhka njg m;a fõ' ck;d j.lSï" wd.ñl úoaj;=ka ìys lsÍu"

iudchg wjYH úoHd{hka" ldka;d úfYaI{ ffjoHjßhka" bxðfkarejreka jeks

úfYaI{hka$ úoaj;=ka ìys lsßu hkdÈh fuys wvx.= fõ'

2' iqkak;a

*¾¨j,g wh;a fkdjQ j;dj;a fuu fldgig wh;a fõ' fïjd *¾¨j,g

wu;r j bgq lrk bndo;a fõ' fïjd bgq lsÍu ;=<ska l=i,a yd w,a,dyaf.a iómNdjh

wêl jYfhka ,nd .; yels h' tA iu. u *¾¨ jk bndo;ays isÿ jk wvqmdvq u.

yrjd .ekSug o yels fõ' iqkak;a jk i,d;a" Èla¾" i,dï mejiSu" frda.skaf.a

iqjÿla úuiSu hk lreKq /ila fuys wvx.= fõ'

tu ksid wm l=uk wruq‚ka ujk ,oafoa o" tu wruqKq bgq jk wdldrh g

wmf.a uq¿ Ôú;h u bndo;a njg m;a lr .ekSug W;aidy lruq'

26

wNHdi

1' yß jerÈ ,l=Kq lrkak'

»' i,dï mejiSu jpk yd iïnkaO bndo;hls' ^ &

»»' ish¨ u j¾.fha bndo;hkag msßisÿ fÉ;kdj wjYH fõ' ^ &

»»»' iqÿiaika ild;a f.ùu *¾¨ whska fõ' &

»¼' wd.ñl yd f,!lsl ±kqu we;s úoaj;=ka ìys lsÍu *¾¨ ls*dhd fõ' &

02' bndo;a hk mofha mq¿,a w¾:h l=ula o@

03' ñksid ueùfï wruqKq ms<sn| w,a l=¾wdkh mjik woyi f.k yer

olajkak'

04' bndo;a bgq lsÍu ;=<ska wm ;=< we;s úh hq;= fjkialï myla ,shkak'

05' wmf.a ffoksl l%shdldrlï bndo;a njg m;a ùug wm wjOdkh fhduq

l< hq;= fldkafoais fudkjd o@

27

bia,dï wksjd¾H lrk ,o uQ,sl bndo;a w;ßka i,d;h m%Odk fõ' tfyhska"

bia,dï" i,d;h uq#ñkajrhl=f.a ,CIKhla nj;a uq#ñka yd ld*s¾ w;r olakg

,efnk fjki nj;a i|yka lr we;' i,d;h bia,dufha m%Odk j.lSula hkak"

th wksjd¾h lrk ,o wdldrh ;=<ska o th bgq lrkq ,nk ms<sfj< ;=<ska o

f.kyer olajhs'

wksjd¾h j.lSuls

i,d;h iEu bia,dï ne;suf;l= u wksjd¾hfhka u bgq l< hq;= —*¾¨

whska˜ jk bndo;hls' —i,d;h ^ksjerÈj& bgq lrkak' ksh; jYfhka u i,d;h

úYajdiSka fj; fõ,dj kshu lrk ,o j.lSuls'˜ ^4(103& kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys

ji,a,ï ;=udfKda i,d;h bia,dufha moku f,i o tys l=¿Kla f,i o mejiQy'

i,d;fha jeo.;alu

07

28

bia,dufha ls%hdldrlï w;ßka jeo.;a jkafka tys tla l=¿Kla jk i,d;h

fõ' tys kdia ,Kqj w,a,dyaf.a ud¾.fha igka lsÍu fõ'

i,d;h uQ,sl j.lSula f,i ms<sf.k bgq fkdlrkakka yg kì i,a,,a,dyq

wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=ud ±ä fia wjjdo lf<A h' —ck;djg keu§u Wfoid w,a,dya

yer iqÿiq fjk lsisjl=;a fkdue;s nj;a uqyïuoa i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï

;=ud w,a,dyaf.a ¥;hl= nj;a idlaIs ord" i,d;h bgq lr" ild;h f.jk ;=re

igka lrk f,ig;a ug wK lr we;'˜ ^nqydß& hkqfjka kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys

ji,a,ï ;=udfKda mejiQy'

úfYaIs; j.lSu—hul= yg i,d;h u. yefrkafka o Tyq ;u mjq," jia;=j hkdÈh wysñ j

isák ñksil=g iudkh˜ ^bíkq ysíndka& hkqfjka kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï

;=udfKda mejiQy'

BudkSh ,CIKhBudka lrkakl= yd Budka fkdlrkakl= w;r fjki i,d;h nj kì

i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï;=udfKda fmkajd ÿkay'

uq#ñka yd ld*s¾ w;r fjki i,d;h w;yeÍu fõ' ûqia,sï&

wm yd Tjqka w;r .súiqu i,d;h fõ' ljfrla th w;yßkafka o Tyq

ld*s¾jrhl= njg m;a fõ' ^bíkq ksíndka& hkqfjka kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys

ji,a,ï ;=udfKda mejiQy'

ch.%dyS u.i,d;h bgq lsÍu hkq" nh mlaImd;S;ajfhka hq;a Nla;slhkaf.a yd ch.%dyS

uq#ñkajrekaf.a uQ,sl .=Kdx.hla nj w,a l=¾wdkh m%Yxid lrhs' ìh ne;s uq#ñkajre

jk& Tjqyq ieÕjqKq foa úYajdi lrkakdyq h' i,d;h bgq lrkakdyq h' ^2(2-3&

29

úYajdijka;fhda ch.%yKh ,enQy' Tjqyq Tjqkaf.a i,d;h ìh ne;sfhka bgq

lrkafkda h' ^23(1-2&

;j o ^ch.%dyS uq#ñkajre jk& Tjqyq Tjqkaf.a i,d;hkays iqmßCIdldÍ j bgq

lrkafkda h' ^23(9&

by; i|yka lrk ,o w,a l=¾wdka jels i,d;fha jeo.;alu fmkajd fohs'

olajkafka h' ;j o i,d;h" Ôú;fha iEu miqìula ;=< u bgq l< hq;= njg bia,dï

wksjd¾h lr we;' tfyhska w,a,dya i,d;h Wfoid wjldY /ila ,nd ÿkafka h'

w,a lia¾ j,a cïW" i,d;=,a lõ*a hkdÈh tA w;=ßka jeo.;a tAjd h'

w,a l=¾wdkh yd iqkakdya" i,d;h ms<sn| j i|yka lrk úg —bldu;=ia

i,d;a˜ i,d;h bgq lsÍu — uqyd*,;=ia i,d;a˜ i,d;h iq/lSu hk mo fm< Ndú;

lr ;sîu úfYAI h'

i,d;h ksjerÈ j bgq lrk uq#ñka fuf,dj yd mrf,dj m%fhdack /ila

,nd .kafka h' tAjd kï"

1' w,a,dya iu. ixjdofha fh§u'

kqU,d w;ßka flkl= i,d;h bgq lf<a kï Tyq ;u rí ^mrudêm;s& iu.

ixjdofha fhfokafka h'

—uu yd uf.a .e;a;d w;r i,d;h follg fnÞ we;' uf.a .e;a;dg Tyqf.a

m%d¾:kdj bgq fõ' .e;a;d" —w,ayïÿ ,s,a,dNs ríì,a wd,óka˜ hkqfjka mejiQfõ

kï" w,a,dyq;wd,d —uf.a .e;a;d udj i;=gg m;a lf<a h˜ hkqfjka mjikafka h'

.e;a;d —w¾ryaudks¾ rySï˜ hkqfjka mejiqfõ kï" —uf.a .e;a;d ud m%Yxid lf<a h˜

hkqfjka w,a,dya mjikafka h' .e;a;d —ud,sls hõñoa§ka˜ hkqfjka mejiQfõ kï"

—uf.a .e;a;d ud Wiia lf<a h˜ hkqfjka w,a,dya mjikafka h' .e;a;d —bhshdl

k#nqÿ j bhshdl kia;Bka˜ hkqfjka mejiqfõ kï" —fuh ud yd uf.a .e;a;d

w;r isÿjkakls' Tyqf.a m%d¾:kdj ksh; jYfhkau Tyqg u h˜hkqfjka w,a,dya

mjikafkah .e;a;d" —byaÈkia isrd;,a uqia;lSï isrd;,a,§k wkawï; wff,ysï

ff.ß,a u.aÆì wff,ysï j,,a,d ,Ska˜ hkqfjka mejiqfõ kï" w,a,dya —fuh ud

yd .e;a;d w;r isÿjkakls' Tyqf.a m%¾:kdj ksh; jYfhka u Tyqgu h hkqfjka

w,a,dya mjikafkah" hehs kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=udfKda mejiQy'

ûqia,sï&

2' w,a,dya isysm;a lsÍu yd iekiqu'

kqU ud kuÈkq' ud isysm;a lsÍu ms‚i i,d;h bgq lrkq' ^20(14&

±k .kq" w,a,dya isysm;a lsÍfuka is;a iekiqu ,nkafka h' ^13(28&

wefia isis,i uf.a i,d;h ;=< we;s lr we;' ^nqydß&

30

3' foaj ohdj ,eîu'

kqU,d ohdj ,nkq ms‚i i,d;h bgq lrkq¦ ild;a f.jkq¦ foaj O¾u ¥;hdg

lSlre jkq' ^24(56&

4' iaj¾.fha h;=r'

mrudka; Èk .e;a;l=f.ka m<uq j úuikq ,nk wu,a ^l%shdj& jkqfha"

i,d;h hs' th hym;a kï" Tyq ch ,nkafka h' th whym;a kï" Tyq mrdch ù

mdvq ,nkafka h' ^wyuoa&

i,d;fha h;=r jq¿# fõ' iaj¾.fha h;=r i,d;h fõ' ^;s¾ñÈ&

5' mrd¾:ldó yeÕSï yd fkdief,k is;'

ksh; jYfhka ñksid fkdbjis,sjka;hl= f,i ks¾udKh lr we;' Tyqg

kmqrla isÿ jQ l,a ys" Tyq fkdikaiqka h' Tyqg hym;la isÿ jQ l,a ys" Tyq uiqre

h' i,d;h bgq lrk wh yer ^wka ish,af,da u tf,i h& Tjqyq" Tjqkaf.a i,d;a ys

fkdlvjd ksr; fj;s' ^70(19-23&

6' mdmS l%shdjkaf.ka wdrlaIdj'

^kìjrhdfKksæ& ;j o" i,d;h bgq lrkqæ ksh; jYfhka u i,d;h

,eÊcdYS,S foa yd ms<sl=,a iy.; foa j<lhs' w,a,dya fufkys lsÍu w;sfY%aIaG fõ'

kqU,df.a l%shd ish,a, w,a,dya fyd¢ka okafka h' ^29(45&

7' mõ ludj ,eîu'

ojfia fofl,jfrys § o" rd;%S ld,fha uq,a fldgfiys § o i,d;fhys ksr;

jkq ksh; jYfhka u" hym; úiska whym; my lrkq ,nhs' fuh w,a,dya fufkys

lrkjqkag fyd| WmfoaYhls' ^11(114&

*¾Æ jk i,d;hg wÞ< fõ,dj meñ‚h fyd;a" ksjerÈ j jq`:# lr î,d;h

u.ska we;s lrkakd jQ& ìh ne;sfhka yd hgy;aNdjfhka ^l=IQW" l=ÆW& i,d;fha

kshef<k bia,dï Nla;slhl= iq¿ mõ Wfoid m%;sl¾uhla ^l*a*drd& f,i tu

i,d;h Èia fõ' ûqia,sï&

8' mrudka; Èkfha idlaIshla fõ'

hful= i,d;h ksjerÈj iqrlsñka bgq lrkafka o th Tyqg mrudka;

Èk wdf,dalhla f,i o idlaIshla f,i o ch.%yKhla f,i o mj;S' hful= th

w;yeßfha o Tyqg mrudka; Èk wdf,dalhla fyda idlaIshla fyda ch.%yKh fyda

fkd,efí' kuq;a Tyq ldrEka" *s¾wjqka" ydudka" Wffn bíkq l,í hk wh iu.

isákafka h' ^wyauoa&

31

9' ndysr - wNHka;r msßisÿlu'

úYajdijka;hsksæ kqU,d i,d;h fjkqfjka iQÞkï jQfha kï" kqU,df.a

uqyqKq" je<ñg olajd kqU,df.a oE;a"fidaÞ .kak' ;j o kqU,df.a ysi ^c,fhka

f;ud& msßueo .kak' ;j o j<¨lr olajd kqU,df.a ll=, o fidaÞ .kak' w,a,dya

kqU,dg lsishï wmyiq;djla isÿ ùu m%sh fkdlrkafka h' kuqÿ" kqU,d ;=;s ms§u

Wfoid" kqU,dj msßisÿ lrùug;a ;u Þhdo kqU,d fj; iïmQ¾K lr §ug;a m%sh

lrkafka h' ^5(6&

10' ksrfha fõokdfjka wdrlaIdj

iaj¾.jdiSka ksrfha jeishkaf.ka —kqU,dj îl¾ kï& ksrhg we;=¿ lrkq

,enqfõ l=ula ksid o@˜ hehs úuikafkda h' thg Tjqyq —wms i,d;h bgq lrkakka

w;r fkdisáfhuq'˜ hehs mji;s' ^74(40-43&

fï ish,a,g u wu;r j i,d;h hkak ;ks ñksil= iudch iu. nkaOkhla

we;s lrk bndo;hla f,i o olakg ,efí' .u ;=< /£ isák msßñka fj; cudw;a

jYfhka i,d;h bgq lsÍu wksjd¾h lr ;sîfuka Èklg mia jrla ck;dj iu`.

iïnkaO ùfï wjia:djla ysñ lr .kafka h'

tfyhska" m%:u jrg wksjd¾h lrk ,o" foõf,dj .ufka § ;Hd.hla f,i

msßkeuqKq" fmr kìjreka fj; wksjd¾h lr ;snqKq" mrudka; Èk m<uq jrg m%Yak

lrkq ,nk" kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=ud úiska urKdikak fudfydf;a

§ iudchg jishsh;a lrk ,o j.lSula jk i,d;fha jeo.;alu bf.k f.k"

jgyd f.k" bgq lr" jxpksl;ajfhka je<lS i;H uq#ñkajrhl= f,i fof,dj u

ch .ekSug wÈgka lr .ksuqæ

wNHdi

01' ;ks mqoa.,hl=f.a Ôú;h id¾:l lr,Sfuys ,d i,d;fha jeo.;alu

myokak'

02' i,d;h ;=<ska iudchg ,efnk m%fhdack ,ehsia;= .; lrkak'

03' i,d;h w; yßk Tnf.a hy¿jl=g i,d;h w; yeÍfï úmdl

ms<sn| j úia;r lr ,smshla ,shkak'

32

bia,dóh mxp uyd j.lSï w;=ßka fojeks j.lSu mxp ld, i,d;h fõ' th

uqia,sïjrhl=f.a Ôú;fha § u. yeßh fkdyels j.lSuls' ñyardÊ .ufka § i,d;h

wksjd¾h lrk ,È' tÈk isg kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=ud ;u urKh

olajd u i,d;h b;d fyd¢ka bgq lf<a h' i,d;h fkdjrojd bgq lsÍu uqia,sï

ne;su;l=f.a ,CIKhla f,i fmkajd § we;'

Budka yd l=*a¾ m%;slafIam lsÍu& w;r fjki i,d;h fõ' uqia,sï& hkqfjka

kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=udfKda mejiQy'

jrla kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=ud uiaðohg meñ‚fha h' tu

wjia:dfõ § u ;j;a ñksfila uiaðohg meñK i,d;h bgq lf<a h' i,d;h wyjr

lr kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=udg i,dï mejiqfõ h' kì i,a,,a,dyq

wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=ud thg ms<s;=re i,dï mejiqfõ h' miqj

—kej; i,d;h bgq lrkak' kqU i,d;h bgq lf<a u ke;'˜ hkqfjka mejiqfõ h'

tu ñksid fmr bgq l< mßÈ u i,d;h lr meñK kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys

ji,a,ï ;=udg i,dï mejiqfõ h' —kej; i,d;h bgq lrkak' kqU i,d;h bgq lf<a u ke;'

hkqfjka kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=udfKda mejiQy' ^fuf,i f;jrla isÿ

úh& bka miq tu ñksid" —i;H oyu iu.ska Tn;=udj tjk ,o w,a,dya fj; Èjqrñ'

i,d;h fuf,i bgq lrkjd yer fjk lsisÿ l%uhla uu fkdoksñ' ug W.kajd

fokak˜ hehs mejiqfõ h'

—kqU i,d;h Wfoid isg f.k —;laî¾˜ mjikak' miq j w,a l=¾wdkfha kqU okakd

fldgila lshjkak' miqj ksy~ j rel+W lrkak' miq j rel+Wys isg ksjerÈ j isg .kak'

is*;=ia i,d;a

08

33

miq j ixiqka j icÞ lrkak' icÞfjka ysi Tijd ikaiqka j ys| .kak' fuf,i Tnf.a

iEu i,d;hla u bgq lrkak'˜ nqydß& hehs kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=udfKda

mejiQy'

mrudka; Èk .e;a;df.a l%shd ms<sn| úuikq ,nk úg m%:ufhka u úuikq

,nkafka i,d;h ms<sn| j h' th hym;a kï" Tyq ch ,nhs' th whym;a kï" Tyq

ÿlg yd fYdalhg m;a fõ' ^;s¾ñÈ&

i,d;h b;d u iqmÍlaIdldÍ j bgq l< hq;= neúka ðíÍ,a wff,ysiai,dï

;=ud kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=udg m<uq Èk fofla § budï f,i ys|

i,d;h bgq fldg fmkakqfõ h' ñka bÈßhg i,d;h bgq lrk wdldrh ms<sn| j

wjOdkh fhduq lruq'

³ lsí,dj fmrgq lr f.k isg .ekSu'i,d;h bgq lsÍug iQÞkï jQ flkl=g isgf.k isàug Yla;sh ;sfí kï"

lsí,djg uqyqK ,d iDcq j isg .; hq;= h' mqreIhka ;u mdo w;r iq¿ bv m%udKhla

;nd o" ldka;djka mdo b;d ióm j ;nd o isg.; hq;= h'

³ kshsh;a ;eîu'kshsh;a hkq isf;ys we;s jk fÉ;kdj fõ' i,d;hg iQÞkï jk úg

m%:ufhkau tu i,d;hg wÞ< kshsh;h is;ska wÈgka lr f.k —w,a,dyq wlan¾˜

hehs m<uq j ;laî¾ mejish hq;= h' fuu m%:u ;laîrh —;laî¾ ;yaÍud˜ hkqfjka

y÷kajkq ,efí' —ksYaÑ; *¾¨ i,d;h fyda iqkak;a i,d;h bgq lrñ" hehs fláfhka

kshsh;a ;eìh yels h' ke;fyd;a ksYaÑ; i,d;h o tys rlawd;a m%udKh o i|yka

lr W;=ï jQ lsí,dj fmrgq lr f.k w,a,dya fjkqfjka i,d;h bgq lrñ"˜ hehs

mq¿,a j kshsh;aa ;eìh yels h'

WÞyrK jYfhka" —*¾¨ jk iqnya i,d;h bgq lrñ'˜ hkak flá kshsh;a

;eîu fõ' —*¾¨ jk iqnya i,d;h rlw;a folla jYfhka W;=ï jQ lsí,dj fmrgq

lr f.k w,a,dya fjkqfjka bgq lrñ˜ hkqfjka mq:,a f,i;a kshsh;a ;eìh yels h'

cudw;a jYfhka i,d;h bgq lrk úg" i,d;h fufyhjk budï ;=udf.a

kshsh;fhys —buduka˜ hkak;a u#uqka f,i i,d;h bgq lrkakka kshsh;fhys

—u#uquka˜ hkak;a tla lr .; hq;= h'

³ oE;a ne£ukì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=udfKda ;laî¾ mjik úg ;u fow;a

lka fol olajd tijQy' ûqia,sï& ;u Wrysia fol olajd Tijkakl= f,i isáhy'

^nqydß& kshsh;h isf;ys iaÓr lr f.k —w,a,dyq wlan¾˜ hkqfjka ;laî¾ mjid

wdrïNfha § fow;ays weÕs,s fl<ska lr" myiqfjka úysÿjd" fow;ays w;a, lsí,dj

foig yrjd" uymg weÕs,af,ys ;=v lfkys hg fmfoig fyda Wrysia olajd tiúh

34

hq;= h' túg" ;laî¾ mjiñka u fow;a fiñka my<g f.k mmqj yd kdNsh w;r

fow;a ne| .; hq;= h' jï w; u; ol=Kq w; ;nd" ol=Kf;ys w,af,ka juf;ys

ue‚la lgqj w,a,d .; hq;= h' mqreIhska je<ñg ;u bkg <x fkdfldg ÿria lr

o" ldka;djka <x lr o ne| .; hq;= h'

³ ÿwdW,a b*a;s;dya ^bia;s*a;dya&;laî¾ ;yaßud mjid ;laî¾ ne| .ekSu;a iu. iudrïNl ÿwdj mdrdhkh

l< hq;= h' fuu iudrïNl ÿwdj —ÿwdW,a b*a;s;dya˜ hkqfjka y÷kajkq ,efí'

fuh i,d;fha m%:u ;laîrh iu. mdrdhkh lrkq ,efí' túg kì i,a,,a,dyq

wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=ud úúO wjia:djkays § úúOdldr ÿwd mdrdhkh lf<a h' tAjd

w;=ßka ;uka m%sh lrk ÿwd mdrdhkh l< yels h' kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï

;=ud i,d;h bgq lrk úg

—w,a,dyq wlan¾˜ hkqfjka ;laî¾ mjid" jÊcya;= mdrdhkh lf<a h'

، إن صلت ونسك ومحياي وممت موات والرض حنيفا مسلم، وما أنا من المشكي هت وجهي للذي فطر الس وج

يك له وبذلك أمرت وأنا من المسلمي ، لا ش لله رب العالمي

³ iQr;=,a *d;syd mdrdhkh lsÍu'—wW!ÿ ì,a,dys ñkIa ffI;dks¾ rÔï˜ hkqfjka wdrïN lr" —ìiañ,a,dys¾

ryaudks¾ rySï˜ hkqfjka mjid iQr;=,a *d;sydj ixiqka j yd ksjerÈ j mdrdhkh

l< hq;= h' ;j o ish¨ u rlawd;aj, ìiañ iu. iQr;=,a *d;syd mdrdhkh l<

hq;= h' m%:u rlawd;a foflys iQr;=,a *d;sydjg miq fjk;a iQrdjla fyda iQrdjl

fldgila mdrdhkh lsÍu iqkak;a fõ' m<uq rlawd;fha § mdrdhkh lrkq ,nk

iQrdjg jvd fojk rlawd;fha § mdrdhkh lrkq ,nk iQrdfõ m%udKh l=vd ùu

m%shukdmh ûqia;yí&

³ rel+W lsÍu'w,a l=¾wdka jelss mdrdhkh lr wjika jQ miq iudrïNl ;laîrfha § fow;a

tijQ wdldrhg Tijd" ;laî¾ mjiñka rel+W lsÍu Wfoid keñh hq;= h' ysi"

35

fn,a," msg fmfoi hkdÈh tl fl<ska tl u uÜgul msysgk fia keó fow;ays

weÕs,s úysÿjd w,a, mdofha oKysi u; ;nd fyd¢ka w,a,d .; hq;= h' rel+W lrk

úg o mqreIhska je<ñg ;u bkg <x fkdfldg ÿria lr o ldka;djka ;u bkg <x

lr o ;nd .; hq;= h' miq j"

العظيم )وبحمده( سبحان ربûysuh ysñ" uf.a mrudêm;s j mdßY=oaO lr" Tyqg m%Yxid lrñ& hkqfjka

f;jrla mdrdhkh l< hq;= h'

³ rel+W isg keÕsg b#;sÞ,hg meñŒu'rel=Wfõ isg b#;sÞ,hg meñfKk úg Rcqj isg.kakd bßhõjg meñfKk

úg& iudruNl ;laîrfha § oE;a Tijk fia

;udj m%Yxid lrkakdf.a m%Yxidjg w,a,dya ijka fokafka h'& hkqfjka mjiñka rel+W

isg keÕsg fl<ska isg .; hq;= h' fuf,i b#;sÞ,hg meñ‚ miq" fow;a my<g oud

ء بعد موات و ملء الرض وملء ما شئت من ش ربنا لك الحمد ملء الس

^wmf.a mrudêm;shdfKksæ wyi mqrjd" fmdf<dj mqrjd" bka miq Tn wNsu; mßÈ ish,a,

mqrjd ^;enQ& Tng ish¨ m%Yxid ysñ h'& hkqfjka mdrdhkh l< hq;= h'

³ icÞ lsÍu îqcQoa lsÍu&miq j b#;sÞ,fha isg fow;a fkdTijd —w,a,dyq wlan¾˜ hkqfjka mjid iqcQoa

lsÍug hd hq;= h' —fomh" fooKysia" fow;a" k<," hk wjhj y; u fmdf<djg m;s;

jk fia icÞ l< hq;= h' icÞ lrk úg fow;ays weÕs,s lsí,dj fmrgq lr" lk fyda

Wrysiaj,g fl<ska ;nd .; hq;= h' mqreIhka je<ñg ;u bk"Worh" yd l<j hk

fmfoiaj,g <x fkdfldg" ÿria lr ;nd .; hq;= h' ldka;djka je<ñg ;u bk" Worh

yd l<j hk fmfoiaj,g <x lr ;nd f.k' iqcQoays §

العل )وبحمده( سبحان رب^w;sfY%aIaG jQ uf.a mrudêm;s j mdßY=oaO lr" Tyqg m%Yxid lrñ'& hkqfjka f;jrla

mdrdhkh l< hq;= h'

³ ueo b÷ug meñŒu'iqcQoays iaj,am fõ,djla /£ miq j ;laî¾ mjid ysi Tijd oK ysi w,a,df.k

ueo b÷fuys ys| .; hq;= h' túg" ol=Kq mdofhys weÕs,s ;=vq fmd<fõ jefok fia isgqjd

;nd" jï mdofha há mdoh u; ys| .; hq;= h' fow;ays weÕs,s lsí,dj foig" oK ysig

iómfhys" l<j fmfoi u; ;eìh hq;= h' fuu ys÷u —b*a;srdIa kï fõ' túg"

36

رب اغفرل وارحمني واجبن وارفعني وارزقني واهدن وعافني^mrudêm;shdKksæ ug lud fldg ohdkaú; jkak' uf.a wvqmdvq u.yrjd fokak' udj Wiia fldg Nd.Hh <Õd lr fokak' udj Rcq uf.ys fufyhjkak' ug iqjh

,nd fokak'& hkqfjka mdrdhkh l< hq;= h'

³ fojk icÞ îqcQoa& ue| ys÷fuys iaj,am fõ,djla /£ isg" —w,a,dyq wlan¾˜ hehs mjiñka fojk

iqcQohg hd hq;= h' m<uq iqcQoh bgq l< fia tys iaj,am fõ,djla /£ isg —;iaîya˜

mdrdhkh l< hq;= h'

fojk iqcQohg miq ;laîrh álla È.=j mjiñka ysi Tijd fojk

rldw;h Wfoid keÕsg isg .; hq;= h' fojk rlw;fha § oE;a ne|" m<uq rl

w;fha § mdrdhkh l< fia iQr;=,a *d;sydj o bkamiq ;j;a iQrdjla o mdrdhkd

l< hq;= h' i,d;fha § m%:u rlw;a foflys muKla iQr;=,a *d;sydjg miq fjk;a

iQrdjla fyda iQrdjl jels lsysmhla mdrdhkd l< hq;= h' f;jk" isjq jk rlw;a

iys; i,d;hkays § iQr;=,a *d;syd muKla mdrdhkd l< hq;= h'

³ l=kQ;a iqíyq i,d;fha fojk rlw;fha § o" ru<dka ui 16 jk rd;%sfha isg wjika

Èk olajd ú;a¾ i,d;fha wjidk rlw;fha § o" rel+W isg keÕsg b#;sÞ,hg wÞ<

ÿwdj mdrdhkh l< miq fow;a Wrysia wi<g Tijd uqyqK bÈßfha ;nd l=kQ;a

mdrdhkd lsÍu iqkak;a fõ'

اللهم اهدن ف من هديت وعافني فيمن عافيت وتولني فيمن توليت وبارك ل فيم اعطيت وقني ش ماقضيت فانك

تقض ولا يقضى عليك انه لايذل من واليت ولايعز من عاديت تباركت ربنا وتعاليت, فلك الحمد عل ما قضيت,

ي وعل آله وصحبه وسلم. د النبي الم وأستغفرك وأتوب إليك, وصل الله عل نبينا محم

³ w;a;yshshd;a wjia:d foll § mdrdhkd lrkq ,efí' th m<uq w;a;yshshd;a yd wjidk

w;a;yshshd;a fõ' rlw;a ;=klska fyda y;rlska hqla; i,d;aj, fojk rlw;fha

fojk iqcQohg miq b*a;srdIa ys÷fuys ys| .ekSu m<uq w;a;yshd;a fõ'

لم علينا وعل لم عليك أيها النبي ورحمة الله وبركاته, الس لوات الطيبات لله الس التحيات المباركات الص

دا عبده ورسوله. , أشهد أن لاإله إلا الله وأشهد أن محم الحي عباد الله الص

37

ish¨ u i,d;aj, wjidk rlw;fha fojk iqcQohg miq w;a;yshshd;a ol=Kq

mdofha há mdoh fl<ska isgjd" jï mdoh ol=Kq mdohg háka ;nd fmf<dfõ ys|

.ekSu wjidk w;a;yshd;a fõ' fuh —;j¾rela˜ ys÷u kï fõ' m%:u w;a;yshshd;fha

§ w;a;yshd;a ÿwdfõ —bírdysóhshd˜ jk f;la o wjidk w;a;yshshd;fha § —i,jd;a

bírdysóhshd˜ fldgi wjidk jk f;la o mdrdhkh l< hq;= h'

د, كم صليت عل إبراهيم وعل آل إبراهيم إنك حميد مجيد, وبارك عل د وعل آل محم اللهم صل عل محم

د, كم باركت عل إبراهيم وعل آل إبراهيم إنك حميد مجيد د وعل آل محم .محم

w;a;yshshd;a mjik ys÷ï fofla § u" fow;a oKysig fl<ska l<jd u; ;nd" ol=Kf;ys onr weÕs,a, ;rula we;=<g kefuk fia tu weÕs,af,ys há fmfoi uymg weÕs,s ;=vg iómfhys ;nd .; hq;= h' wfkl=;a weÕs,s ;=k u we;=<g kud ;nd .; hq;= h'

—wIayÿ wka,db,dy b,a,,a,dya˜ hk jelsh mdrdhkh lrk úg" we;=<g kud f.k isá ol=Kf;ys on/Õs,a, iïmQ¾Kfhka u È.= l< hq;= h¡ túg i,dï mjik ;=re È.=lr ;nd .kakd tu onrÕs,a, foi n,d f.k isàfuka wfkl=;a wjia:djkays § iqcQoa lrk ia:dkh foi n,d isàu o iqkak;a fõ'

wjidk w;a;yshshd;a mdrdhkh lr wjika jQ miq —wiai,duq wff,l=ï jryau;=,a,dya˜ hkqfjka i,dï mjiñka uqyqK ol=Kq foig;a tA iu. u fojk i,duh mjiñka jï foig;a yerúh hq;= h' fï iu.ska i,d;h wjika fõ'

لم عليكم ورحمة الله. الس*¾¨ i,d;hg wk;=re j lrk m%d¾:kdjka blaukska bgq fõ' tA ksid"

wjYH mßÈ" ms%hukdm m%d¾:kd isÿ l< yels h' ÿwdj yïÿ i,jd;a iu. wdrïN lr

yïÿ i,jd;a iu.ska wjika l< hq;= h'

wNHdi

01' i,d;h hk wksjd¾h j.lSfuys jeo.;alu meyeÈ,s lrkak'

02' iqcQoa lsÍfï § N+ñh iam¾Y úh hq;= YÍrfha fldgia fudkjdo@ tysÈ mdrdhkd

l< hq;= z;iaîyaZ fudkjdo@

03' i,d;h bgq lsÍu ms<sn| fkdie,sls,su;aj isákjqkag Tn fok WmfoaYh

l=ula o@

04' my; ±lafjk wrdì jpkj, w¾:h ,shkak'

w& ;laî¾ ;yaÍud we& b#;sod,a

wd& b*a;srdIa wE& ;j¾rela

38

ñksid iEu fudfyd;l u iEu wjia:djl u w,a,dya foiska wjYH;d

we;a;l= f,i isákafka h' tfyhska" ;ukaf.A l=uk wjYH;djla jqj o tAjd Tyqf.ka

m%d¾:kd lrk f,i;a th imqrd §ug Tyq iEu úg iQÞkñka isák nj;a w,a,dya

mjikafka h'

—hful= ;u wjYH;d w,a,dyaf.ka m%d¾:kd fkdlrkafka o Tyq ms<sn| j

w,a,dya fldamhg m;a jkafka h'˜ hkqfjka kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï

;=udfKda mejiQy' ^wyauoa&

th ;j;a iaÓr lrk mßÈ —ÿwd keuÿuls˜ hkqfjka kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys

ji,a,ï ;=udfKda mejiQy' ^;s¾ñÈ&

tfyhska" ish¨ bndo;a w;ßka ÿwdj,g m%uqLia:dkhla ysñ j we;' úfYaIfhka

—keuÿu˜ f.k yer n,k l," —i,d;a˜ kï wrdì mohg —m%d¾:kdj˜ hk w¾:h

wka;¾.; fõ' i,d;h ;=< §;a th bgq l< miqj;a mdrdhkh l< hq;= ÿwd /ila

bia,dï wmg fmkajd § we;' ;j o *¾¨ jk i,d;hkag miq m%d¾:kd lrkq ,nk

ÿwdjka b;d blaukska w,a,dya úiska ms<s.kq ,nk neúka tA ms<snò j ±ä fia Wkkaÿ

lr we;s nj ±l.; yels h'

mxp ld, i,d;hka bgq l< miq kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=ud

§¾> fõ,djla tu ia:dkfha ys| Èla¾ yd wõrdoa /ila mqreoaola f,i mdrdhkd l<

w;r iydìjrekag;a th b.ekajqfha h' Tjqyq th ;u Ôú;fha § ms<smeoafoda h' tmuKla

fkdj" iydìjreka w;ßka ljrl= fyda i,d;h wyjr fldg wõrdoa mdrdhkh

lsÍfuka je<lS hqyqiq¨ j keÕsg msg ù hkafka kï kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys

ji,a,ï ;=udfKda Tyq ms<sn| j úfYaI úuiqula mj;a jk ;rug u ÿwd hk

úIfhys ie,ls,a,la ±lajQy' tfyhska" kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=udf.a

fuu u.fmkaùu wmf.a Ôú;h ;=<;a l%shd;aul lsÍug wm iïmQ¾Kfhka u W;aiyd

lsÍu wjYH h'

tu ksid kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=ud yd iydìjreka i,d;fhka

wk;=re j mdrdhkh l<" ¥wd ;iaîya" wõrdoa f.dkq lr ta flfrys wms wjOdkh

fhduq lruq'

i,d;fhka wk;=re jl< hq;= mdrdhkhka

09

39

² kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=udfKda cudw;a i,d;h wjika

lr m%:u3

•

hkqfjka mdrdhkh l<y'

w¾:h #- w,a,dya w;s fYa%IaG fõ' uu w,a,dyaf.ka mõ ludj wheÈñ' f;jrla& hd w,a,dyaæ Ydka;sh Tn h' Ydka;sh ,efnkafka Tn fj;ska u h' w;s f.!rjkSh"w;s ufyda;a;uhdKksæ Tn fi!Nd.Hg ysñlre h' ûqia,sï&

² kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=ud i,d;hg miq my; ±lafjk

wdldrhg mdrdhkh lf<ah'

w¾:h #- keu§ug iqÿiaid w,a,dya yer ^fjk lsisjla" lsisjl=;a& fkdue;' Tyq mru fõ' Tyq wiuiu h' rdcHh Tyqg ysñ h' ish¨ m%Yxid Tyqg ysñ h' ish¨ jia;=j flfrys Tyq n,iïmkak h' w,a,dyaf.a msysg fkdue;sj l=i,a lsrSug fyda wl=i,a je<lS isàug fyda fkdyel' wms Tyq yer wka lsisjl= fkdku¢uq' ish¨ odhdo we;af;a Tyq fj; h' ;j o lS¾;sh iy w,xldr meiiqu o we;af;a Tyqghs' w,a,dya yer je|Sug wka foúhl= ke; m%;sfCIam lrkakka ms<sl=,a l< o Tyq fjkqfjka u Tyqf.a oyu b;is;ska ms<smÈuq' w,a,dyaæ Tn m%Þkh l< foa j<lajkafkla ke;' Tyq je<ela jQ foa m%Þkh lrkakl= o ke;' Tyqf.ka meñfKk o~qjñka wdrlaId lsÍug Okj;=kaf.a jia;=j m%fhdackj;a jkafka ke;' ûqia,sï&

40

••

• ••

•

41

w¾:h - ^kìjrhdKksæ& kqU mjikq wrefKdaofha mrudêm;sf.ka uu

wdrCIdj m;ñ' Tyq ks¾udKh l< fofhys ydksfhka o wkaOldrh me;sfrk l,

we;s jkakd jQ ydksfhka o .egj,g cmlr msôk ia;S%kaf.a ydksfhka o B¾IHd

lrkakd B¾IHd lrk úg we;s jkakd jQ ydksfhka o ûu wdrCIdj m;ñ'& ^113(1-5&

w¾:h - kìjrhdKksæ& kqU mjikq ñksiqkaf.a mrudêm;sf.ka uu wdrCIdj

m;ñ' ñksiqkaf.a wêm;s ^Tyq h'& ñksiqkaf.a keuÿug iqÿiaid ^Tyq h& ieÕù isg

ksIaM, iel we;s lrkd ûy ffI;dka f.a'& ydksfhka o ñksidf.a is;ays ksIaM, iel

we;s lrkakd jQ ðkajrekaf.ka yd ñksiqkaf.ka o ûu wdrCIdj m;ñ'& ^114(1-6&

² kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys j i,a,ï ;=ud iEu i,d;h lg u miq j

—wdh;=,a l=¾iS˜ Èkm;d mdrdhkh lf<a h'

hfula iEu i,;hlg u miq j —wdh;=,a l=¾iS˜ mdrdhkh lrkafka o

Tyqf.a urKh yer ^fjk lsisjla& Tyq iaj¾.hg we;=`¿ ùu fkdj<lajkafka h'

^kidB&

hfula *¾¨ jk i,d;hg miq —wdh;=,a l=¾iS˜ mdrdhkh lrkafka o Tyq B<Õ

i,d;fha fõ,dj meñfKk f;la w,a,dyaf.a /ljrKfhys isákafka h' ^;nrdks&

w¾:h - w,a,dya yer keu§ug fjk;a lsisÿ foúhl= fkdue;' ^Tyq& iÞ

Ôjudk h¦ iÞld,sl h' Tyqj uo kskao fyda ;o kskao fyda .%yKh fkdlrhs' wyiaj,

yd uyfmdf<dfõ ^me;sr& we;s foa ysñ jkafka Tyqg u h Tyqf.a wkque;sfhka

úkd Tyq bÈßfha ueÈy;a úh yelafla ld yg o@ ûeùïj,g& bÈßfha we;s foh;a"

Tjqkaf.ka ieÕ ù we;s fohla Tyq okafka h' Tyqf.a {dk iïNdrfhka Tyq ish

wNsudkfhka wkdjrKh lrkq ,nk fohla yer fjk lsisjla Tjqkg wjfndaO lr

42

.; fkdyelsh' Tyqf.a rdcHh ^l=¾ishshQ& wyi mqrd o uyfmdf<dfjys o jHdma; h'

fï fol wdrCId lsÍu Tyqg fjfyi f.k fokakla fkdfõ' Tyq b;d W;alDIaG

jkafka h¦ W;a;Í;r jkafkah' ^2(255&

² kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=ud iEu i,d;hlg u miq j my;

ioyka wdldrhg mdrdhkh lf<a h'

• w¾:h #- hd w,a,dyaæ ìh.=`¿Ndjfhka yd uiqrelñka ûqojd fok fuka& uu

/ljrKh m;ñ' fn,ySk jQ jfhdajDoaO ;;a;ajhg uf.a Ôú;h m;a fkdjkakg

uu /ljrKh m;ñ' fuf,dj flda,yd,j,ska uu /ljrKh m;ñ' lírfha

fõokdfjka uu /ljrKh m;ñ' ^nqydß" ;s¾ñÈ&

² kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=ud iEu i,d;hlg u miqj fuu

ÿwdj mdrdhkd lf<ah'

••

w¾:h #- hd w,a,dyaæ Tn fufkys lsÍug;a Tng ;=;s msÿug;a Tn ukd f,i

keu§ug;a Tn ug msysg jkq uekjæ ^wnqÞjqoa" kidB&

² iqíyq yd uyaßí hk i,d;hkag miq j uqyïuoa i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=ud

úfYaI ÿwd lsysmhla mdrdhkh l< nj ie, fõ' tA w;=ßka —l,su;=;a ;õySoa˜ oi

jrla mdrdhkd lr we;'

hfula iqíyq i,d;h wyjr lr lsisfjl= iuÕ fÞvu¨ ùug fmr —l,su;=;a

;õySoa˜ mdrdhkh lrkafka o Tyqg l=i,a 10la ,shkq ,efí' Tyqf.a wl=i,a 10la úkdY

fõ' Tyqf.a ^;;a;aajh& 10lska jeä fõ' ;j o tÈk ish¨ kmqfrka wdrlaId lrkq

,efí' ffI;dkaf.a ydksfhka Tyqj /l.kq ,efí" hkqfjka uqyïuoa i,a,,a,dyq

wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=ud mejiqfõ h' ^;s¾ños&

• w¾:h #- keuÿug iqÿiaid w,a,dya yer wka lsisjl= ke;' Tyq tAlhd h' Tyqg

lsisjl=;a iudk fkdfõ' ish¨ md,k n,h we;af;a Tyqg uh' ish¨ m%Yxid wh;a

43

jkafka o Tyqg u h' Tyq mK fohs' urKhg m;a lrhs' ish¨ hym; /`§ we;af;a

Tyq fj; h' ish,a,g jvd n,j;d Tyq uh'

² iqíyq yd uyßí hk i,d;hkag miq j uqyïuoa i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys

ji,a,ï ;=ud fuh i;a jrla mdrdhkh lf<a h'

w¾:h #- hd w,a,dyaæ ksrfha .skafkka udj /l fokq uekj æ

hfula iqíyq i,d;hg miq j lsisjl=;a iu. fÞvu¨ ùug fmr i;a jrla mdrdhkh

lrkafka o tÈk Tyq ñh .sfha kï" Tyq ksrfha ^.skafkka& ksoyi ,nhs' tf,i u"

uyaßí i,d;hg miq j mdrdhkh lrkafka o tA Èk rd;s%fha Tyq ñh .sfha kï" Tyq

ksrfha ^.skafkka& ksoyi ,nhs' ^wnqodjqoa&

² iqíyq i,d;hg miq uqyïuoa i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=udfKda

fufia mdrdhkh l<y'

w¾:h - hd w,a,dyaæ m%fhdckj;a wOHdmkh" msßisÿ ^y,d,a jk& wdydr yd

ms<s.kq ,enQ ls%hdj uu Tnf.ka b,a,kafkñ' ^bíkq udcd&

fujeks ÿwd /ila uqyïuoa i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=udfKda *¾¨ jk

i,d;hkag miq j mdrdhkh l<y' fïjd w¾:h iu. lg mdvï lr i,d;hg

wk;=re j ixiqka j mdrdhkh lsÍu u.ska w,a,dyaf.a ;Dma;sh ,nd .ksuq'

;j;a fujeks u Èla¾ yd ÿwd /ila y§iaj, i|yka fõ' tAjdo yels ;rï

bf.k f.k fuf,dj" mrf,dj ch .ksuq'

wNHdi

01' ÿwd jeo.;a bndo;hls" hkak WÞyrK iu. myokak'

02' iqíydk,a,dya" w,ayïÿ,s,a,dya" w,a,dyq wlan¾ hk mo wrdì NdIdfjka ,shd w¾:h yd úfYaI;d ,shd olajkak'

03' wdh;=,a l=¾isys w,a,dyaf.a .=Kdx. ms<sn| j mjik wdldrh ,shd fmkajkak'

04' i,d;hg wk;=re j mdrdhkh lrk fujeks u ÿwdjka fidhd ,shkak'

44

;ialshd hkq l=ula o@;ialshd hk wrdì mofhys mdßY=oaO lsÍu" ms<sfj<g ilia lsÍu hk w¾:h

.eí ù we;' bia,dóh NdId jHjydrfha § Ñ;a; mdßY=oaêh hk w¾:h .uH jk

mßÈ —;ialsh;=ka k*aia˜ hkak fláfhka —;ialshd˜ f,i ye`Èkafõ' ;ialshd ;=<ska"

uqia,sïjrhl= w,a,dyag wdfoaY lsÍfuys ,d wka;¾.; jk ish¨ u ÿ¾.=Kdx.j,ska

o ;u is;;a ls%hdj;a wdrCId lrf.k w,a,dya ms%h fkdlrk ish¨ u l%shdldrlï"

wdYdjka" Ñka;khka hkdÈfhka is; oukh fldg tys hy .=Kdx. j¾Okh lr

mßY=oaO j ;nd .; hq;= h'

isf;ys ^k*aia& ;;a;ajhka ;=kla ms<sn| j w,a l=¾wdkfhys i|yka lr we;'

1' zk*aiq,a wïudrd ìiaiQ#Z hkq whym;g fmd<Ujk is;hs' fuh hym;

Wfoid W;aiql fkdlrhs' yeÕSïj,g yd ffI;dkag jy,a jQ ;;a;ajhla olakg

,efí'

2' zk*aiq,a ,õjdudZ hkq ;udj ßojd .kakd is;hs' fuys yeÕSïj,g úreoaO j

igkla ;sfí' tfia u" yeÕSï W;aikak ù wl=if,ys kshe`¿fKa kï" tu fudfydf;a

tA fjkqfjka is;ska miq;eú,s fõ' ;udg u fÞia mjrd .kShs' ;u ;;a;ajh jgyd

f.k fYdalhg m;a fõ'

3' zk*aiq,a uq;aubkakdZ hkq Ydka; jQ is;hs' th l,n,fhka yd fkdikaiqka

núka f;dr ;ekam;a ;;a;ajfhys olakg ,efí' fuys whym;g fm<Uùu wvq h' hym;

flfrys we;s fm<Uùï wêl jYfhka olakg ,efí' fuu f;jk ;;a;ajh ;=<

whym;ska wdrCId lrk ,o is;la f.dv k.d .ekSu —;ialshd˜ u.ska n,dfmdfrd;a;=

fõ'

;ialshdfjys jeo.;alu'ñksidg fof,dj u ch .ekSug Ñ;a; mdßY=oaêh w;HjYH lreKls' mdmS

ls%hdjkaf.ka is; wdrCIdlr .ekSu ;=<ska fuf,dj" mrf,dj ch w;a lr .; yels

nj w,a l=¾wdkh mjihs'

ksh; jYfhka u hfula th îs;& msßisÿ lr .kafka o Tyq ch w;a lr

.;af;a h' ;j o hfula th ¥IKh lr .;af;a o Tyq mrdchg m;a jqfha h' ^91(9-10&

w;a ;ialshd

10

45

fï ms<sn| j w,a,dya ;u ueùï jk ysre" i÷" rd;s%h" oyj, hkdÈh u; Èjqrd mjid

;sîfuka Ñ;a; mdßY=oaêfhys jeo.;alu jvjvd;a iaÓr fõ'

foaj O¾u ¥;hka fuf,djg tjk ,o m%Odk wruqKq w;ßka tlla f,i Ñ;a;

mdßY=oaêh ±laúh yels h' kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=udf.a fiajh ms<sn| j

i|yka lrk úg w,a,dya ;u foaj .%ka:fhys fufia mjikafka h'

,sùug" lshùug fkdyelalka w;=ßka Tyq w,a,dya& foaj O¾u ¥;hkaj tõfõ h'

tu riQ,ajrhd Tjqkg w,a,dyaf.a foaj jels mdrdhkh lr fmkajkakd f,i o Tjqka

mdßY=oaO lrjkakd f,i o Tjqkag O¾uh yd {dkh îqkakdyaj& W.kajd fokakd

f,i o isákafka h' ^62(02&

iaj¾.hg msúish yels uQ,sl iqÿiqlula f,i is; mdßY=oaO lrjk ls%hdldrlï

±laúh yels h' fuh m%fõiñka fufyhúh hq;= h' th ksjerÈ ud¾.fha fhduq

lrjQfha kï" muKla iaj¾.hg hk ud¾.fha .uka l< yels h' fuh my; i|yka

w,a l=¾wdka jelsfhys meyeÈ,s lr we;'

ljrl=" zz;u foúhka bÈßfha isàZZ hehs ìh ne;s j" ;u is; bÉPdfjka

j<lajd .kafka o ksh; jYfhka Tyqf.a kjd;ek iaj¾.h fõ' ^80(40-41&

kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=udfKda Ñ;a; mdßY=oaêfha jeo.;alu

ms<sn| j wjia:d /il § u ;u i.hkag f.k yer ±lajQy' flkl=f.a is; hym;a

ùfuys jeo.;alu ms<sn| j jrla kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=udfKda my;

wdldrfhka jgyd ÿkay'

ksh; jYfhka u YÍrfhys tl uia ms~la we;' th whym;a jQfha kï" uq`¿

YÍrh u whym;a fõ' th hym;a jQfha kï" uq`¿ YÍrh u hym;a fõ' th is; fõ'

^nqydß" uqia,sï&

bia,duh ;=< ðydoa w;=ßka b;du hym;a ðydoh f,i —uqcdyo;=ka k*aia˜

kï jQ is;ska lrk ðydoh i,lkq ,efí' fuh fuu y§ih u.ska meyeÈ,s lrhs'

û,a,j fmdr hqoaOfha §& wfkld ìu fy,kakd ùrfhla fkdfõ' fldamhl § ;u

is; oukh lr .kq ,nkakd i;Hh ùrfhla fõ'

kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,y s ji,a,ï ;=udfKda úáka úg Ñ;a; mdßY=oaêh m;d

w,a,dyaf.ka o m%¾:kd l<y'

46

—hd w,a,dya æ wmf.a is;ays foaj ìh we;s lr;ajdæ Tn th mdßY=oaO lr;ajdæ

ksh; jYfhkau fYa%IaG;u mdßY=oaO lrkakd Tn u h' tys j.lSu orkakd f,i yd

iajdñhd f,i isákafka Tn h'˜ ûqia,sï&

fmr yd miq mdmhka lud lrkq ,enQ uqyïuoa i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï

;=ud Ñ;a; mdßY=oaêh Wfoid fu;rï foúhka wheÿfha kï" wm tys wjYH;dj

fl;rï we;a;jqka o@ hkak l,amkd l< hq;= h'

wmf.a ls%hdldrlï fld;rï úYd, jqj;a Ñ;a; mdßY=oaêh iu. th bgq

fkdlrk úg tAjdg w,a,dya bÈßfha lsis ÿ m%fhdackhla yd jákdlula fkdue;'

w,a,dya wmf.a ish¨ l%shdldrlïj, § wmf.a is; ms<sn| wjOdkh fhduq lrkafka h'

w,a,dya bÈßfha § wmf.a ndysr fmkqug jvd is;g jeä jeo.;alula ysñ jkafka h'

wnq yqffrrd r<sh,a,dyq wkayq ;=ud ksfõokh lrk ,o" —ksh; jYfhka u w,a,dya

Tn,df.a YÍrh fyda uqyqK fyda fkdn,kafka h' kuqÿ Tn,df.a is;a n,kafka h˜

ûqia,sï& hk y§ih ;=<ska fuh wmg fyd¢ka meyeÈ,s lrkafka h'

tu ksid" w,a l=¾wdkh yd y§ia wmg fmkajd fok u.fmkaùï ms<smeo

wdfgdamh" wdvïnrlu" B¾IHdj" jeks my;a .=Kdx.j,ska je<lSu" *¾¨ jk j.lSï

kshñ; wdlrfhka bgq lsÍu" iqkak;a jk j;dj;a bgq lsÍu" Èla¾ys kshe<Su" w,a

l=¾wdkh jeä jYfhka mdrdhkh lsÍu" ;õnd lsÍu hkd§ úúO ls%hdldrlï ;=<ska

wmf.a is;a mdßY=oaO lrf.k fof,dfjys u ch w;a lr.ekSug W;aidy lruq'

wNHdih

01' —;ialshd˜ hkafkys NdIduh w¾:h l=ula o@

02' bia,dóh jHjydrfha § —;ialsh;=ka k*aia˜ hkafkka l=ula woyia

lrkafka o @

03' —;ialshd˜ iòyd w,a l=¾wdkh yd y§ia idOl tl ne.ska fidhd

,shkak'

04' w,a l=¾wdkh ñksidf.a is; fnÞ olajd we;af;a flfia o@

05' ;ialshdfjys jeo.;alu ms<sn| j lreKq myla ,shkak'

06' wm ;=< Ñ;a; mdßY=oaêh we;s lr,Su Wfoid wm úiska ms<smeÈh hq;=

lreKq myla ,shd fmkajkak'

47

m%fõiïiy.; yd wkqu; lrk ,o Ôú;hla flfia ielish hq;= o hk

iSudj fmkajd fokafka hy .=Kdx. ;=<ska h' Ôú;fha iEu me;slvl § u iEu

;;aa;ajhl § u ieu úg u tajd m%o¾Ykh úh hq;= h' ulaksido h;a" wfkl=;a ish¨

Ôúkaf.ka fjkia jQ ñksid" iajdëk Wiia ;;a;ajhla ,nd .ekSug fuu hy.=Kdx.

fya;= ù we;'

hy.=Kdx. fmkajd fok fuu Wiia ;;a;ajh fya;=fjka b;sydih ;=<;a

hy.=Kdx. ms<snò j woyia yd Ñka;khka t<s±lajqKs' fuf<dj ìys jQ ish¨ u

iudcj, hy.=Kdx.j,g iqúfYaIs ia:dkhla ,nd § ;snqKq w;r tu ck iudc

hy.=Kdx. iïnkaO l%shdldrlï o /l f.k we;'

wrdì NdIdj ;=< yq¨la yika" wya,dla yikd" uldßuq,a wya,dla" woí" wdodí

m%uqL wrdì mo hy.=Kdx. fmkajd §ug Ndú; lrkq ,efí' hy.=Kdx.j,g bia,dï

Wiia ia:dkhla ,nd § we;' ñksid i;= lr .; hq;= hy.=Kdx. ms<snò j foaYkd

lsÍfuys ,d w,a l=¾wdka yd iqkakdya iqúi,a fufyhla bgq lrkafka h'

kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=ud hy.=Kdx.j, YsLrhla hehs j¾Kkd

lrk w,a l=¾wdkh hy.=Kdx. kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=udf.ka bf.k

.kakd f,i wdhdpkd lrkafka h'—hy.=Kdx. ;=<ska hym;a mqoa.,hd" Tn,d w;=ßka

hym;a mqoa.,hd fõ'˜ hk w,a l=¾wdka jelsh" hy.=Kdx.j,ska mßmQ¾K jQ Ôú;hla

.; lsÍfuys ,d we;s wjYH;dj yd jeo.;alu myod fokafka h'

l=vd l, isg u kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=ud hy.=Kdx. imsß mqoa.,hl=

f,i Èia jQ neúka zzw,a wókaZZ yd zzwiaidÈlaZZ f,i;a t;=udj y`ÿkajd fokq ,eìK' kì

f,i f;dard m;a lr .;a miqj;a t;=ud ckhd yd hy.=Kdx. we;sj l%shd lf<a h' kì

;=ud i;= jQ .=Kdx. bia,dufha mru i;=rka mjd bia,duh iu. tla j tys wdrlaIlhka

f,i fjkia ùug rel=,la úh' bia,dï wrdì foaYhg msgia;r f,dalfha m%foaY

/il jHdma; ùug bia,dï mqyqKq l< hy .=Kdx. fya;= jQ njg b;sydih ;=< idlaIs

/ila olakg we;'

hy .=Kdx. ms<sn| bia,dóh oelau I

11

48

w,a l=¾wdkh" hy.=Kj,g jeä m%uqLia:dkhlaa ,nd § we;' iQrd ¨laudkays

yd iQrd *q¾ldkays bia,dï ne;su;l= ;=< ;sìh hq;= jeo.;a hy.=Kdx. fmkajd §

we;' bia,dï ne;su;l= flfia yeisßh hq;= o hkakg Wmfoia iQrd ¨laudkays my;

iòyka mßÈ ±lafõ'

w,a,dyag lsisjla iudk fkdlrkak' i,d;h bgq lrkak' hym; mkjñka

whym; j<lajkak' kqU,dg we;s jk ish¨ fYdalhkays § bjiSfuka miqjkak'

ñksiqkaf.ka bj;g ;u uqyqK yrjd fkd.kak' .¾jfhka uyfmdf<dj u;

fkdweúÈkak' l%shdfõ § uOHia:Ndjh ms<smÈkak' y`v my;a lr .kak' y`vj,a

w;ßka ms<sl=,a iy.; y`v nQrejdf.a y`v h'îQr;=,a ¨laud,a 12-19&

fuf,i u iQr;=,a *q¾ldkays foaj .e;a;kaf.a .=Kdx. ms<snò j mejiSfuka

bia,dï m%sh lrk hy.=Kdx. fmkajd fokq ,efí'

w,a,dyaf.a hy .e;af;da fuf,dj hgy;a j l%shd lrkafkda h' w{dkjka;hka

iu. ;¾l lsÍfuka je<lS f.!rjKSh j isákafkda h' rd;%sfha ;a wêl jYfhka

w,a,dyag keuÿï lrkafkdah' ksrfha fõokdfjka /ljrKh m;kafkda h'

kdia;sfhka fyda f,daNlñka f;dr ù uOHia:j úhyshoï lrkafkda h' w,a,dyag

wdfoaY lr wka lsisjla fkdleòjkafkda h' widOdrK j lsisjl=;a >d;kh

fkdlrkafkda h' ÿrdpdrfha fkdyeisfrkafkda h' lsisjl= Wfoid;a fndre idlals

fkdmjikafkda h' wkfmalaIs; f,i ¥Is; l%shdjla ÿgqfõ kï" f.!rjKShj thska

je<lS isákafkda h' w,a l=¾wdka jelshlg ijka fok úg Tjqyq wkaOhka" f.d¿jka

fia l%shd fkdlrkafkda h' i;=gqodhl mjq,a Èúhla m;d m%d¾:kd lrkafkda h'

îQr;=,a *q¾ldka 63-73&

tu ksid wms;a w,a l=¾wdkh yd iqkakdyays u. fmkajd § we;s hy.=Kdx.

wdNrK f,i me<ò .ekSug W;aidy lruq'

wNHdi

01' hy.=Kdx. hkq l=ula o hkak fláfhka meyeÈ,s lrkak'

02' j¾;udkfha § isiqka iu. hy.=Kdx.j, wjYH;dj ms<snòj idlÉPd

lr ;sîfuys wjYH;dj f.k yer olajkak'

03' kì i,a ;=udg ßid,;a ysñ ùug fmr t;=udj wu;kq ,enqfõ l=uk

hy.=Kdx. úoyd ±lafjk kduhka f.ka o hkak iòyka lrkak'

04' —iQr;=,a ¨laudka˜ ys iòyka jk hy.=Kdx. 05la ,ehsia;= .; lrkak'

05' —iQr;=,a *q¾ldka˜ ys iòyka jk hy.=Kdx. 05la ,ehsia;= .; lrkak'

49

bia,dï mjik hy.=Kdx. lsysmhlawdorh

wdorh hkq w,a,dyaf.a w,xldr .=Khkaf.ka tlls' fuu .=Kh yd

iïnkaO j úúOdldr kduhka ^w¾-ryaudka - w;slreKdjka;hd&" w¾ rySï -w;s ohdjka;hd" w,a j¥oa ûy`.= lreKdjka;hd& w,a,dyag we;' w;s ohdkaú; Tyq

;u .e;a;dg ohdj ±laùug wêl j ms%h lrhs'

uqia,sï ne;su;l= wdorh ±laùfï .=Kh ,nd f.k isákafka kï Tyq w,a,dyag

wh;a tu .=Kh wdNrKhla f,i ,nd f.k isákafka h" hkak w¾:j;a fõ'

w,a,dya ;u .e;a;d fj; ;nd we;s wdorh fln`ÿ o hkak my; y§ifhka

úia;r flf¾'

^yjdhska f.da;%hg wh;a& isrlrejkaf.ka iuyfrla kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys

ji,a,ï ;=ud fj; meñKshy' Tjqka w;r tla ldka;djlf.a mshhqrej,g lsß trefKa

h' weh lsß §u iòyd ^;u orejd fidhñka isáh o& orejd fidhd .; fkdyels úh'

tneúka isrlrejka w;ßka ldf.a fyda orejl= ±l tu orejd ^fj,d& f.k lsß ÿkakd h'

;u orejd ,nd.;a jyd u orejd f.k ;u Worhg ;=re`¿ lr lsß ÿkakd h' túg

kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=ud —fuu ldka;dj ;u orejd .skafkys ouhs

o@˜ mjikak hhs wmf.ka úuiqfõ h' wm o —ke;" lsisúfgl oukafka ke;"˜ hhs

mejiqfjuq' túg foaj O¾u ¥; i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=udKka —fuu orejd

fj; wehg we;s wdorhg jvd w,a,dya ;u .e;a;d fj; b;d wdorfhka isáhs˜

hkqfjka mejiqfõ h' ^nqydß&

kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=udfKda fifkyi" lreKdj wdorh"

ohdj wd§ w,xldr .=Khkaf.ka msßmqka jQy' tfyhska w,a l=¾wdkh kì î,a&

;=udKka my; wdldrhg w.h lr olajhs'

^kì uqyïuoa& f,daljeishkg ohd¨jla fia ñi wms kqU my< fkdlf<uq' ^21(107&

—kìjrhdfKks" wm i;Hh okakd ish,a,kag ohdj ±laùug ñi heõfõ ke;'˜

B;,fhka ,nd .; fkdyels foa wdorfhka ,nd .; yels h" hkak idudkH

jHjydrfha mj;shs'

hy .=Kdx. ms<sn| bia,dóh oelau II

12

50

zwdorh fkdue;a;d ;=< mQ¾K Budkhla fkdue;Z hkak o Budkh ke;s

lr.;a ;eke;a;dg iaj¾.hg m%fõY úh fkdyels hZ hkak o bia,dufha WmfoaYhka

h' fuu woyi my; y§ifhka meyeÈ,s fõ'

udf.a wd;auh ljrl= i;= j ;sfí o tu foúhd u; Èjqrd mjiñ' i;Hh

jYfhka Tn Budka fkdork f;la iaj¾.hg m%fõY jkafka ke;' wfkHdakH wdorh

olajk f;la Budka ±ßh fkdyels h'

flfkla ;j;a flkl= flfrys fyda wfkl=;a Ôúka flfrys fyda ohdj

±laùfuka Tyqg lsisÿ wvqjla isÿ jkafka ke;' ta fjkqjg w,a,dyaf.a wdorh o" wka

whf.a wdorh o f.!rjh o Tyqg ysñ fõ' fuh iudcuh jYfhka wfkHdakH i;=g"

tluq;=lu" iyfhda.h yd fi!Nd.Hh Wod ùug fya;=ldrl fõ'

wdorh ±laùu fldgia follg fnod ±laúh yelsh'

1' w,a,dya flfrys wdorh ±laùu'

2' ueùï flfrys wdorh ±laùu'

—ueùï flfrys ñksid olajk wdorhg jvd .eUqre wdorhla w,a,dya flfrys

;eìh hq;=˜ hehs" bia,dï wfmalAId lrhs' fuf,i wdorfha iSudj w,a l=¾wdkh my;

wdldrhg olajd we;'

kqU,df.a mshjreka kqU,df.a mq;%hka" kqU,df.a ifydaorhka kqU,df.a

Nd¾hdjka kqU,df.a kEoE ys;j;=ka iy kqU,d bmhQ Okh;a th msßfyaù hhs kqU,d

ìh jk fjf<`Þu;a kqU,d m%fndaOhg m;a lrk ksfjia ^hk fï ish¨ foaj,a&

w,a,dyag;a Tyqf.a riQ,ajrhdg;a Tyqf.a ud¾.fha ðydoa ^bia,dóh hqoaOh& lsÍug;a

jvd fnfyúka kqU,dg ms%h kï w,a,dya Tyqf.a úksYaph ^kqU,d fj;g& f.fkk

f;la n,d isákq hehs o ^kì uqyïuoa& lshkq ^9(24&

w,a,dya flfrys wdorh ±laùug ksoiqka f,i" Tyqf.a wd.u flfrys ohdj

±laùu o Tyqf.a wKg .relr Ôj;a ùu o fõ' flfkl= ñksiqka w;r ljfrl=

flfrys fyda ohdj olajk njg fyda ke;fyd;a ms<sl=,a lrk njg fyda isákafka

kï th w,a,dya fjkqfjka u isÿ l< hq;= h" hkak bia,dóh .=K O¾uh fõ'

kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=udfKda fufia mejiQy' —lreKq ;=kla

ljfrl= i;=j mj;S o Tyq Budkfha iqjh ,nd .kshs' th wka ish¨ lreKqj,g jvd

w,a,dyag yd Tyqf.a ¥;hdKkayg ms%h jkakl= f,i isàu" tla ñksil= fj; w,a,dyq

fjkqfjka muKla fifkyi ±laùu" foúhka m%;slafIam lsÍfuka w,a,dya wdrlAId

l< miq .skakg úis lsÍu ms<sl=,a lrkjd fia kej; foúhka m%;slafIam lsÍfuys

ksr; ùu ms<sl=,a lsÍu h' ^nqydß" uqia,sï&˜

51

w,a,dya flfrys ohdj ±laùfuys ;j;a tla woyila kï w,a,dyaf.a O¾u

¥;hd flfrys o wdorh olajd t;=udf.a wKg iïmQ¾Kfhka hg;a j ls%hd lsÍu fõ'

fï ms<snò j w,a l=¾wdkh fufia iòyka lrhs'

kqU,d ^wjxl j u& w,a,dyag we`¿ï lrkakdyq kï ud wkq.ukh lrkq'

^túg& w,a,dya kqU,dg we`¿ï lrhs' ;j o kqU,df.a mdmhka i|yd iudj o fokq

we;' w,a,dya CIudYS,S yd uyd lreKdkaú; hehs ûqyïuoa ckhdg& mjikq' ^3(31&

flkl=f.a bndo;h m%udKj;a lsÍug kï w,a,dya flfrys wdorh ±laùu

m%Odk jYfhka l< hq;= h' fuu wjia:dj wdorh ñY% jQ ìhla ûqyín;a& f,i

bia,dóh úoaj;=ka úiska meyeÈ,s flf¾' fï ksid —foaj úYajdislfhda˜ bndo;h

udkisl ;Dma;shlska hq;= j bgq lr;s" hk w,a l=¾wdka jdlHh fuh ;yjqre lrhs'

—Tyq w,a,dya flfrys mj;sk wdorh ksid È<skaoka o wkd:hka o isrlrejka

o Tjqyq fmdaIKh lr;s' wms kqU,d fmdaIKh lrkafka w,a,dya Wfoid h' wms

kqU,df.a ;E.s fyda ia;+;s wfmaCId fkdlrkafkuq' ^76( 8-9&

fuf,i flkl= w,a,dya flfrys wdorh ;nd w,a,dya fjkqfjka u Ôj;a ù

isák úg" Tyq w,a,dyaf.a wdorh Èkd f.k foaj .e;a;l= fia fjkia fõ' fï nj

my; iòyka y§ifhys meyeÈ,s fõ' w,a,dya tla ñksil= flfrys ms%h ukdm jQfha

kï" ðíÍ,a wff,ysiai,dï ;=ud leòjd Tyq flfrys ohdj olajhs' miq j ðíÍ,a

wff,ysiai,dï ;=ud le|jd —uu fuu ñksid ms%h lrñ' tneúka Tn o Tyq flfrys

ohdkaú; jkak˜ hhs mjikafka h' túg ðíÍ,a wff,ysiai,dï ;=ud .=jfka Ôj;a

jk wh fj;g —w,a,dya fuu ñksid ms%h lrkafkah' tneúka Tn o Tyq j ms%h

lrkak'˜ hehs werhqï lrhs' .=jfka isák wh o Tyqg ms%h lrhs' miqj tu .e;a;dg

mDÓúfha Ôj;a jkakka w;r iudk;ajhla ,eîug u. mEfohs' ^nqydß" uqia,sï&

wdorh ±laùfï B<`. mshjr kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=udKka

flfrys wdorh ±laùu h' kì Ôú;h wdo¾Yhla fldg f.k t;=udKka leu;s"

wlue;s foa iòyd m%uqL;ajh § Ôj;a ùu" kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=udKka

flfrys wdorh ±laùfuys we;=<;a fõ'

kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=udKka flfrys ohdj olajk tla

uqia,sïjrhl= t;=udf.a mjqf,a idudðlhka flfrys o ohdj ±laúh hq;= h' kì

ñ;=rka flfrys ohdj ±laùu hkak iydìjrekaf.a úfYAI;ajh ms<sf.k Tjqkaf.a

ÿ¾j,;d yd Tjqka w;r isÿ jQ l,n,ldÍ ;;a;aj ms<snò jdo újdoj, ksr; fkdù

ksy`v j isàu fõ' tfia u Wïuqyd;=,a uq#ñkajßhka jk kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys

ji,a,ï ;=udKkaf.a ìßkaoEjreka ish¨ fokd f.!rjhg md;% jQ wh f,i o

mdßY=oaO jQ wh f,i o ms<s.; hq;= h'

52

wdorh ±laùfï B<`. mshjr jkafka ;ud flfrys o" ;u foudmshka" ×d;Ska"

wi,ajdiSka yd uqia,sï fkdjkakka flfrys o ohdj ±laùu h'

flfkla ;ud flfrys olajk ohdj hkq ;ud flfrys jQ hq;=lï yd

whs;sjdislï /l .ekSu fõ' bia,dóh ±lafuka flfkl= ;ud úiska u ;ud j úkdY

lr .ekSu uyd jrola yd mdmhla f,i i,lkq ,efí'

wdorh ±laùug o ia;+;s m%Yxidj ±laùug o hgy;a my;a ùug o yelshdj

iqÿiq wh fouõmsfhda fj;s' foujqmshka flfrys orejka ;u ohdj ±laúh hq;af;a

flfia o hkak my; w,a l=¾wdka jels yd y§ia u.ska meyeÈ,s fõ'

;j o wms ñksidg Tyqf.a foudmshka .ek ksfhda. lf<uq' Tyqf.a uj ÿn,

núka ÿn, nj ord f.k Tyq biq¨jd h' ;j o Tyqf.a lsß jeÍu jir follsks'

^tksid& ug;a kqUf.a foudmshkAg;a ;=;s mqo lrkqkaf.a ^kqUf.a& wjidk meñŒu

ud fj;ghs' ^wms Tyqg wK lf<uq'& ^31(14&

flfkla kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=ud fj;g meñK —w,a,dyaf.a

¥;hdfKks" wm ish¨ fokd w;ßka hym;a wdldrfhka yeisßh hq;af;a ld iu. o@

hehs úpd<y' túg kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=udfKda —Tnf.a uj iu`.˜

hehs ms<s;=re ÿkay' bka miq ljqrekao@ hehs úuiqúg —Tnf.a uj˜ hehs mejiQy' bka

miq ljqreka o hehs kej;;a úuiq úg thg o —Tnf.a uj˜ hkqfjka u ms<s;=re ÿkay'

bka miq ljqreka hehs isjqjk jr úuik úg —Tnf.a mshd˜ hehs ms<s;=re ÿkay' nqydß&

foujqmshka flfrys f.!rjh ±laùu iu.ska muKla fuh k;r fkdfõ'

Tjqka flfrys w,a,dyaf.a wdorh yd ohdj ,eîug o m%¾:kd lsÍu orejkaf.a hq;=lu

fõ' fï nj my; w,a l=¾wdka jelsfhka ukdj meyeÈ,s fõ'

;j o Tjqka fofokdg ohÆNdjfhka hgy;a my;a j i,lkq' ;j o udf.a rí

^mrudêm;shdKks& nd,úfha Tjqka fofokd u ^ldre‚l j yd wdorfhka& yÞ jvd.;a

wdldrfhka u Tjqka fofokdg ohdkaú; jkq uekjehs kqU,d m%¾:kd lryqq' ^17(24&

fuf,i foujqmshka o ;u orejka flfrys ±ä wdorhla ±laùu w;HjYH h'

orejka iu. wdorfhka lghq;= lr Tjqkaf.a yoj;a ;=< o wdorh j¾Okh l< hq;= h'

fldamh" nek je§u" ;¾ckh lsÍu wdÈfhka foujqmshka je<lS isáh hq;= h' fuh

orejka ovínr ÿIag mqoa.,hl= lsÍug o fya;= fõ' —;¾ckh yuqfõ yefok orejd

;¾ckhg u yqre fõ˜ hk mdGh foujqmshkaf.a wjOdkhg fhduq ùu hym;a h'

;j o flfkla uqia,sï ne;suf;l= f,i ×d;Ska" ñ;=rka wi,ajdiSka" wkd:hka"

wirKhka" fiajlhka" ;u md,kh hgf;a isákakkag" uqia,sï fkdjkakka wd§ ish¨

53

u ukqIH j¾.hd flfrys wdorh ±laúh hq;= h'

wdorh ±laùu hk f;audfõ ñksia fkdjk ish¨ Ôùka flfrys wdorh

±laùu o wka;¾.; jk nj wjfndaO lr .; hq;= h'

uy fmd<fõ ießirk& l=uk i;a;ajhl= jqj o" ;u mshdm;a foflka wyfia mshdUk

l=uk mCIshl= jqj o kqU,d jeks iuQy u ñi fjkila fkdfõ' ^6(38& hk w,a

l=¾wdka jdlHh ñksia fkdjk fiiq Ôùka o ñksid fuka u ;j;a ueùula neúka

Tjqka flfrys o wdorh" lreKdj yd fifkyi ±laúh hq;= nj wjOdrKh lrhs'

tmuKla fkdj" Tjqka flfrys ±ä wjOdkhla fhduq l< hq;= h' my; y§ifhka

fï nj meyeÈ,s fõ'

—Tfí i;=kaf.a msg Tfí ydkais mqgqjla lr fkd.kak˜ ^wyauoa ydlsï& ueùï

ish,a, w,a,dyaf.a md,kh hgf;a we;' fmd<fõ isákakka flfrys ohdj olajkak'

túg foõf,dj isákakd Tn fj; ohdj olajhs' ^wnqoduqoa&

n,a,ka" W!rka jeks i;=ka kÔia jQ i;=ka jQj o Tjqkag jo §ug bia,dufha

wkque;sh fkdue;' msmdis; n,a,l=g Èh îug §u ksid mõldr ia;s%hla iaj¾.hg

jrï ,o nj o" mQfil=g wdydr fkd§ neò ;eîu ksid fydò wu,aj, fh`ÿk ia;s%hla

ksrhg ysñlï lS nj ^nqydß& y§iaj, iòyka fõ' fï ish,a, Ôùka jk fyhska

Tjqka flfrys wdorh ±laùu ksid ta fjkqfjka w,a,dyaf.ka hy m%;sM, w;a jk

nj bia,dï wjOdrKh lrhs'

fï ish,a,g u jvd" wm Ôj;a jk mßirh /l .ekSu o bia,dï fmkajd fok

wdorh lsÍu hk ljhg wh;a fõ' wjg mßirh msßisÿ j o w,xldr j o ;nd f.k

iajdNdúl mßirh /l f.k iY%Sl lrk f,i Wmfoia fok bia,duh thska ;ud o

m%fhdackh ,nd .ksñka wka whg o m%fhdckh ,nd .ekSug u. i,ik fuka b,a,d

54

isáhs' mßirh iY%Sl lsÍu bia,dï fmkajd fok jeo.;a fiajdjkaf.ka tlls'

tneúka" wm wdorh m;=rejk iSudjka ksjerÈ j wjfndaO lrf.k ta

wkqj Ôj;a ù ish,a,kag u wdo¾Yj;a j Ôj;a ù foaj ohdj ,nd .ksuq'

mß;Hd.YS,sNdjhhula ,nd .ekSug ;j;a hula lem lsÍu mß;Hd.h kï fõ' bia,dï mjik

hy .=K w;ßka mß;Hd.hg Wiia ia:dkhla ysñ fõ' b;d iq`¿ ld,hlska bia,duh

jHdma; ùug kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=udKkaf.a yd Tyqf.a ñ;=rkaf.a

mß;Hd.YS,s Ndjh fya;= úh' tfyhska bia,dï O¾uh mß;Hd.YS,S Ndjfhka msìÿK

O¾uhla f,i y÷kajkq ,efí'

w,a,dya fjkqfjka hk —bya,dia˜ fÉ;kdfjka YdÍßl jYfhka fyda øjHuh

jYfhka wka whg iyh ùu o tu.ska we;s jk lror ú| ord .ekSu o mß;Hd.

YS,S;ajh fõ' ñksil=g lsishï fohl wjYH;djla ;sfnk úg ;u wjYH;dj

mfil,d ;j;a ñksil=f.a wjYH;dj imqrd,Su o wka whg Woõ l< hq;= h hk n,

lsÍï lsisjlska f;drj ;u fm!oa.,sl hym; fkd;ld Woõ Wmldr lsÍu mß;Hd.

YS,s;ajh f,i ye¢kaúh yels h'

kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=udKkaf.a ulald ld, jljdkqfõ § kì

i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=udKkag yd kì ñ;=rka l=ffrIsjrekaf.a oreKq jo

ysxidj,g ,la flreKq úg Tjqyq ;u hym; yd iqjh mß;Hd. lrñka fndfyda

ysßyer j,g yd oreKq jOysxidj,g ,la jQy' iuyre ;u Ôú;hu mß;Hd. l<y'

fuf,i w;s uy;a mß;Hd.hka l< tu ck;dj w.hñka w,a,dya Tjqkaj —idÈl+ka˜

*dbiQka hkqfjka j¾Kkd lf<a h'

;ukaf.a f.j,aj,ska o ;ukaf.a jia;=fjka o neyer lrk ,o È<s`ÿ

uqydð¾jrekag ^fldgila& h' Tjqyq w,a,dyaf.a jrm%idoh o fidïki o fidhkafkda

h' ;j o w,a,dyqg o Tyqf.a riQ,ajrhdg o Woõlrkafkda h' Tjqyq h" i;Hjka;fhda'

^59(8& tf,iu iQrd ;õnd ys 20 jeks jelsh fudjqka *dbiQka hk ch.%dylhka

hkqfjka o ioyka lr we;'

bia,dufha wdrïNl ld,fha úfrdaëkaf.a ìh.ekaùïj,g uqia,sïjreka ,la

jQ úg" Okj;a kì ñ;=rka ;u foam< o ;u Okh o lem lrñka w,a,dyaf.a wd.u

wdrËd lsÍu iòyd l< wm%udK mß;Hd. b;sydi.; ù we;'

;nQla hqoaOhg kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=udKka werhqï l< úg

wnQnla¾ r<sh,a,dyq wkayq ;=ud hqO úhoï iòyd ;ud i;= Okh iïmQ¾Kfhka u

f.keú;a kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=udKka bÈßfha f.dv .eiqfõh' túg"

kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï;=udKka ;u l,HdK ñ;% wnQnla¾ r<sh,a,dyq

wkayq ;=udf.ka —Tnf.a mjq, fjkqfjka b;=re lf<a l=ula ±hs úuiQ úg t;=ud˜

w,a,dya yd Tyqf.a O¾u¥;hdj hehs ms<s;=re ÿkafka h'

55

jrla wrdìlrfha ±ä id.;hla yd ksh`.hla we;s úh' túg frdau

wêrdcHfha pl%j¾;S jQ fyrla,shia ^Heraclius) uqia,sï cd;slhkag tfrys j úYd,

fiakdjla iQodkï lr hqoaOhlg m%fõY úh' tfy;a rfÜ mj;sk Wjÿre fya;=fjka

fyrla,shiaf.a wNsfhda.h Ndr .ekSug uqia,sï cd;slhkag uy;a mßY%uhla ±Íug

isÿ úh' fuu wjia:dfõ È¾ydï 5000la jákd jia;+ka iu. meñK isá Wiaudka

r<sh,a,dyq wkayq ;=udf.a fjf<| lKavdhu;a iu. .kqfokq lsÍu iòyd úúO

jHdmdßlfhda meñK isáhy' tfy;a" Wiaudka r<sh,a,dyq wkayq ;=ud tu øjHh

wf,ú lsÍu m%;slafIam lr tu ish¨ øjHh fyrla,shiaf.a fiakdjg uqyqK §u

iòyd mß;Hd. lf<a h'

mß;Hd.h fuf,dj § u;=msáka n,k úg úYd, mdvqjla f,i fmkqK o

thg wh;a m%;sM,h ysñ ùu wksjd¾h h' mß;Hd. lsÍu w,a,dyaf.a úOdkhla neúka

th bndo;hla f,i o ms<s.kshs' mß;Hd.hg ysñ jk m%;sM,h iaj¾.h fõ' fuu

woyi my; w,a l=¾wdka jdlHfhka ;yjqre fõ'

w,a,dya ksh; jYfhka uq#ókajrekaf.ka ^úYajdislhka& Tjqkaf.a isrere iy

Tjqkaf.a jia;=j ñ,g f.k we;' ^9(111&

bia,dóh oY–kh —mß;Hd.h hkq w,a,dyaf.a úOdkhla˜ hkakg jvd th

w,a,dya ;Dma;su;a lsÍu msKsi lrkq ,nk wu,a jQ ls%hdjla fõ' fuh my; y§ih

u.ska o" ta iu. we;s w,a l=¾wdka jelsh u.ska o f.k yer ±lafõ'

kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=udKka fj;g tla ñksfila meñK ;u

ÿmam;alu ms<snò meñKs,s lf<a h' fuhg ijka ÿka kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï

;=ud hula fok f,i mjid Tyq ;u ksjig heõfõ h' tfy;a" §ug kì ksjfiys

lsisjla fkd;sìKs' túg kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=ud tys isá ;u ñ;=rka

wu;d —wo rd;s%fha fudyqg wdydr iemhSug Tn w;r flkl= isákafka ±hs úuid"

w,a,dya Tyqg lreKdj olajhs˜ hehs mejiqfõ h' th g ijka ÿka wkaidßjreka

w;ßka tla ñ;%fhla —w,a,dyaf.a ¥;hdKks˜ uu isáñ˜ hehs mejiqfõ h' miqj kì

ñ;%hd tu ñksid iu. ;u ksjig .sfha h' tys § ;u ìßòg zw,a,dyaf.a ¥;hdf.a

wuq;a;l= meñK isáhs' tneúka ksjfia lsisjla b;sß lr ;sfí ±hsZ úuiqfõ h' túg"

Tyqf.a ìßò orejkaf.a wdydr fõ, ñi fjk lsisjla ud <`. fkdue;" hehs lSjd h' tfia

kï orejka ksÈ lrjkak˜ hehs ieñhd lsfõ h' ôrejka kskaog .sh miq wuq;a;dg

ix.%y l<y'&

fuu wjia:dfõ ìßò foi n,d —wkqNj lrkjd fia uq<d lsÍug myk ksjd

oud" wo rd;s%fha wm wmf.a l=i.skak o ksjd ouuq˜ hhs mejiqfõ h' ìßò o tfiau

l<d h' fï fya;=j ksid tu wdydrh wuq;a;d úiska iïmQ¾Kfhka wkqNj lrk ,È&

miq Èk tu ñ;=re wkaidßjrhd kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=ud uqK.eiqKq

56

úg —f.!rjmQ¾jl w,a,dya tu hqj<f.a ls%hdj,sh ±l wdYap¾hhg m;ajQfõ h'˜ hehs

mjid kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=udfKda fuu isoaêh ms<snò j ;udg my<

jQ w,a l=¾wdka jelsh mdrdhkh lr fmkajQy'

;uka ÿmam;alñka fm`¿K;a ;ukag jvd fiiaikag ;sîu .ek jeä leue;a;

olaj;s' hfula ;u ;DIaKdfjka ñÿfKa o Tjqyq u h ch.%dylfhda' ^59(9&

fujeks" mß;Hd.hkag wdo¾Yhla jk fndfyda b;sydi.; isoaê fmr

kìjreka ;=< muKla fkdj Tjqkaf.a iudc jeishka ;=< o olakg ,enqKs'

fuf,i fmr kìjreka o Tjqkaf.a iuQy jdiSka úiska o Tjqkaf.a Ôjk

b;sydifha fujeks mß;Hd. fndfydauhla isÿ lr we;' tneúka wms o wmg fmr

isá wh fuka mß;Hd. lr w,a,dyaf.a ;Dma;sh ,nd .ksuq'

oka §uwdorfha t<s±laùï w;=ßka oka§u o tlls' oka§u hkq w,a,dya ;udg ,nd § we;s

Okfhka tla fldgila wka whg §u h' fuh bia,dï ms%h lrk hy.=Khkaf.ka

tlls' w,a,dya uyd mßudKfha odkm;sfhls' ;u .e;a;dg w,a,dya odkh f,i ,nd

ÿka foa" tu .e;a;d fjk;a .e;a;ka iu. fnodyod .ekSu w,a,dya ms%h lrkafka h'

fï ms<snò j w,a l=¾wdkh fndfyda ia:dkj, wjOdrKh lr we;'

;u Okh Èjd rd;s%fhys o ryfia fuka u m%isoaêfha o jeh lrk whg

Tjqkaf.a rí ^mrudêm;s& fj;ska ;s<sK ,efnkafka h' ;j o Tjqkag ìh ke;' Tjqyq

,;efjkafkda o fkdfj;s' ^2(274&

57

;ud ,o Okh ;ud yd ;u mjqf,a Woúh mßyrKh lsÍu o ;u wjYH;dj

iòyd Ndú; lsÍu o jrola ke;' tfia u th Tjqkag ,nd ÿka w,a,dya th wka whg

fok f,i mjik úg w,a,dyaf.a úOdkh ms<sme§u ñksidf.a hq;=luls' w,a,dya ms%h

jQfha kï tu Okh kej; ,ndf.k wka whg §ug o Tyqg Yla;sh we;af;a h'

tu ksid wms w,a,dyaj—w,a-uq(kS˜ fyj;a Okm;shl= njg m;a lrkakd"

—w,a-uq(;S˜fyj;a ,ndfokakd hk kïj,ska wduka;%Kh lruq' iajNdjfhka u

ñksid ;=< wd;aud¾:ldó;ajh we;' úúOdldr wd;aud¾:ldó;ajh Tyqf.a oEf;ys

fj,S we;' Tyqf.a isf;ys uiqrelu we;s fõ' tfy;a" bia,dï fuu udkisl;ajh

b;d my;a ;;a;ajfhys ,d i,lhs' fuh ñksid w;r ms<sl=, yd fl%daOh j¾Okhg

o ;r`.ldÍ;ajh yd B¾IHdj we;s lsÍug o fya;= jk fyhska ±ä oKavkhlg ,la

lrkq we;' thg ms<shula f,i mfrdamldÍj isàu l< hq;= h' mß;Hd.h" §u" odkh"

mfrdamldrh hkdÈh bia,dï fmkajd fok Wiia .=Kdx. fõ' oka§u" m%Þkh lsÍu"

Þkh" mrd¾:ldó yeÕSu fkdue;s j flfkla uiqre ù uiqrl= f,i yeisfrkafka

kï ;udg ,eìh hq;= hym%;sM," fydò kdu hkdÈh w,a,dyaf.ka fuka u ñksiqkaf.

ka o ke;slr .kshs' ;j;a flfkla w,a,dya Tyqg ,nd ÿka Okfhka mrd¾:ldó j

wka whg ,nd § Ôj;a jkafka kï w,a,dyaf.ka hy m%;sM, o" ñksiqkaf.ka wd;au

f.!rjh o ,nd .kafka h'

ñksil= ;ud o Ôj;a fjñka" wka whg o oka § wka wh o Ôj;a lrjk úg

Ôú;h ienúka u M,Þhl jkafka h' Tyqf.a fuf,dj Ôú;h i;=áka .; fõ'

mrf,dj Ôú;h wêl ksoyila ,oaojqka fia fjkia fõ' fuh my; w,a l=¾wdka

jelsfhka m%ldY flf¾'

fï ksid kqU,dg yels mu‚ka w,a,dyag ìh jkq" ;jo Tyqg ijka fokq"

lSlre jkq" ;j o úhoï lrkq" hfula ;u f,daN lñka ñÿfKa o Tjqyq u h ienE

ch.%dylfhda' ^64(16&

flkl= oka fok úg Tyqf.a Okh wka wh fj;g hhs' fuh ndysr j n,k úg tla

mdvqjla f,i fmfka' ieneúka u th mdvqjla fkdfõ' Tyqg th wdksixi ,efnkakla f,i

o" hym;la f,i o mj;shs' by; jelsh iu. we;s wfkla jelsh w,a,dya fuh w,xlrKhla

f,ig j¾Kkd lrkafka h' wm flkl=g hï Khla ÿka úg th wmg kej; ysñ fõ'

tfia u wm odkhla fokafka kï th w,a,dyag fok Khla fõ' fuu Kh w,a,dya lsysm

.=Khlska jeä lr ;j;a fndfyda m%;sM, o iu.ska kej; ,nd fokafka h' ;j;a f,ilska

mjikafka kï wm w,a,dya fjkqfjka wka whg ,nd fok odkhka hkq wm wdrËdldÍ j

b;=re lr.;a foa ;ekam;a lrk ia:dkh hehs mejish yels h'

kqU,d i;= j we;s oE CIh jkafka h' w,a,dya i;= j we;s oE ia:dhs jkafka h' ^6 ( 96&

—kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=udfKda b;d Wiia Odkm;shl= ù isáhy'

yuk iq<`.g jvd fõ.fhka oka §fuys ksr; jQy˜ ^nqydß& hhs y§iays iòyka fõ'

58

;udg ;s<sK f,i hula ,enqfKa kï th fl;rï fõ.fhka wka whg Èh yels

o tmuK fõ.hlska wka whg § yudr lrhs' t;=udf.a ñ;=frda o tf,i u l<y' w,a,dya

fjkqfjka odkh fok úg ksh; jYfhka u w,a,dya fj;ska thg wod< m%;sM,h ;ukag

ysñ fõ" hkak iaÓr j úYajdi l<y'

flfkla oka §fuys ksr; jk úg ksYaph jYfhkau my; m%fhdack

w;a lr .ks;s'

³ fuf,dj w,a,dyaf.a wdorh yd ñksiqkaf.a wNsudkh ysñ fõ'

³ mrf,dj § úfYaI §ukdjla ysñ fõ'

³ Okfha j¾Okhla we;s fõ'

³ wk;=re u. yef¾'

³ ukig i;=gla yd iykhla ,efí'

tu ksid wmso uiqrelu ;=rka lr yels muK wkqkag Woõ lrñka Ôj;a

ùug yqre fjuq'

úYajdijka;nj

bia,dï j¾Okh lsÍug ms%h lrk hy.=K w;ßka úYajdijka; nj hkq tla

.=Khls' úYajdijka; nj hkq i;Hh" Wiia nj" wjxl nj wd§ woyia ork mq`¿,a

w¾:hlska hq;a jpkhls' i;Hjka; nj yd úYajdijka; nj tlu ldisfha me;s

folla fia tla uq#ñkajrhl=g ;sìh hq;= w;HjYH .=Kdx.hls'

l=vd ld,fha isg u kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï

;=udKka úYajdijka;hl= f,i o i;HjdÈhl= f,i o isáh fyhska

ulaldjdiSyq t;=udKka w,a wóka" wiaidÈla hk kduhkaf.ka

y÷kajñka m%Yxid l<y' fuu .=Kh ksid u tl, ckhd ;u jákd Okh wdrËdj

msKsi kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=udKka Ndrfha ;enQy'

flfkla fuf,i mjihs Èkla uu NdKavhla úlsŒug kì i,a,,a,dyq

wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=ud iu. .súiqula we;s lr .;af;ñ' kshñ; NdKavh kshñ;

ia:dkfha § ,nd §ug uu fmdfrdkaÿ jqfKñ' miq j" ug th wu;l jq‚' f;Èklg

miq th u;la úh' tA iu. u uu tu ia:dkhg .sfhñ' tys kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys

ji,a,ï ;=ud isgf.k isákq uu ÿgqfjñ' t;=ud ud ÿgq ú.i" z;reKhd æ Tn udj

wmyiq;djg m;a lf<a h' uu Tn fjkqfjka f;Èkla isg isákafkñ'Z ^wnqodjqoa&

;j;a tla wjia:djl u. .uka lrñka isá kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï;=udfKda wi< ;snQ OkH f.dvla ±l t;=<g ;u oE; we;=¿ lr mÍËd lr neÆy¡

;u we`.s,s ;=vq j,g OdkH f.dfvys my<ska ;snQ OdkH j, f;;a nj ±kqkq fyhska —

59

OdkH ysñlrejdfKks æ fï l=ula o@˜ hehs weiqfõh' —f;;a jQ OdkH ck;dj olsk

fia by<ska ;nd ;sìh hq;= fkdfõo @ pxpd lrkakd uf.a iuQyhg wh;a fkdfõ'˜

hehs kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=ud mejiqfõ h' ûqia,sï&

uq#ñkajrhl= ;=< ish¨ krl .=Kdx. ;sìh yels h' tfy;a Tyq ;=< fndrej"

jxpdj ;sìh fkdyels h' ^wyauoa&

wka wh úYajdi lr Ndr fok ,o Wlia NdKAv wia:dk .; ùug wdrïN jk Èkh

WÞ jQ úg mrudka; Èkh Wod ù we;" hkak ±k .kak' ^nqydß&

;Dma;sfhka ;u iajdñhdf.a úOdkhka bgq lrk úYajdikSh j.lSï orkakl=

oka fokakl=f.ka flfkla fõ' ^nqydß-ls;dnq,a bcdrd&

by; fmkajd fok ,o y§ia ish,a, u úYajikSh f,i ls%hd lsÍfuys

wjYH;dj wmg f.kyer olajhs'

j¾;udkfha idudkHfhka jHdmdr" wOHdmkh" wd¾Ólh" foaYmd,kh wd§ iEu

wxYhl u jxpksl;ajh o /jàu o wúYajdijka; nj o úYd, jYfhka olakg

,efí' jHdmdr fËa;%fha úYajdikSh;ajh hkak isyskhla njg m;a ù we;'

my; w,a l=¾wdka jelsh u.ska jHdmdr lghq;=j, § i;Hjd§ j yeisÍfï

wjYH;dj o th /l .ekSug fkdyels ùfuka mrf,dfjys isÿùug kshñ; Nhdkl

m%;sM, o ms<snò meyeÈ,s flf¾'

—Tn lsreï ñkqïj, § mßmQ¾K jkak' lsreïj, § ksjerÈ mähla ;nd

lsrkak˜' ^17(35&

lsreï ñkqïj, jxpd lrkjqka kmqre h' Tjqyq ñksiqkaf.ka hula lsrd ,nd

.kakd úg ^m%udKfhka& uq`¿ukskau ,nd .kafkda h' kuq;a Tjqka wkqkag lsrd fok

úg ke;fyd;a Tjqka wkqkag uksk úg ,nkakka hehs Tjqyq fkdis;kafkyq o@ uy;a

Èkhlg tÈk îsh¨& ñksiqka úYajHdêm;s wNsuqLj ke.S isg .kafkda h' ^83(16&

jHdmdr lghq;=j, § úYajdikSh j yeisfrkakkaf.a mrudka; Èk ;;a;ajh

ms<snò kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=ud fufia mjid we;'

úYajdikSh" i;Hjd§ fjf<kafola mrudka; Èk kìjreka isoa§lajre i;Hjd§ka&"

IqyÞjre ^w,a,dyaf.a ud¾.fha urKhg m;a jQjka& iu. isákafka h' ^bíkq udcdya&

yqfohsìhd .súiqu isÿ jk wjia:dfõ § th i;=rka úiska lv lsÍug fmr úreoaO

jd§kaf.a .%yKfhka ñ§ fíÍ wd ñ;=rl= u" fmdfrdkaÿ bIaG l< hq;= h" hk tl u fya;=j

u; b;d wlue;af;ka jq jo Tyq wdmiq hejQ isoaêh kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï

60

;=udKkaf.a úYajdikSh;ajhg lÈu ksoiqkls'

tla;rd isoaêhl § fidrlï l< ;eke;a;sh Wiia f.da;%hl ldka;djl

—neúka —wef.a w;a is|,Su fkdlrkak˜ hhs kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=udKka

flfrys ks¾foaYhla bÈßm;a l< úg —fidrlï l< ;eke;a;sh udf.a ÈhKsh jk *d;sud

jqj o w;a is|jd ouñ'˜ hhs ia:djrj mjid kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=udfKda

;u úYajikSh;ajh fmkakqï l<y'

úYajdikSh;ajh ksYaÑ; wxY lsysmhlg muKla iïnkaO fkdfõ' Ôú;fha

ish¨ u wxYhj, § úYajikSh;ajh /l.; hq;=h' /jàu" fødayslu" widOdrK f,i

Okh bmhSu hkdÈfhka je<lS isáh hq;= h' lsisfjla jxpd lrkq ,enqfõ kï Tyq

tu jxpd l< jia;=j o mrudka; Èkfha § ;ud iu. f.k hd hq;= ;;a;ajhla we;s

fõ" hkak w,a l=¾wdkfha wjjdo lr ;sîu wjOdkhg ,la l< yels h'

tu ksid /jàu" lmálu" fndre lSu" nd, foa ñY% lsÍu" jHdc ÈõÍu jeks

mdmS ls%hdjkaf.ka ;uka o bj;a ù wka wh o bj;a lr i;Hjka; yd úYajdijka;

f,i isàug m%h;ak ±ßh hq;= h'

bkaøsh oukh

bia,dï ñksid ;=< j¾Okh l< hq;= hhs ms%h lrk hy .=Kdx. w;r bkaøsh

oukfhka isÿ jk hym;a úm¾hdi ñksidf.a hy .=Kdx. t<s ±laúug fya;= fõ'

bkaøsh ksis mßÈ oukh lr fkd.ekSfuka whym;a ,CIK flkl= ;=< u;=ùu

je<elaúh fkdyels h'

ñksid wiSñ; wdYd we;af;ls¦ fn,ySkfhls¦ CI‚l j yeÕSïj,g jy,a

jkafkls' fuu ;;a;ajh ;=< § bkaøsh md,kh lr ;u Ôú;h hym;a lr .ekSu

Tyqf.a mru hq;=luls'

tu ksid hym;a .=Kdx.hka f.ka o" idrO¾uhkaf.ka o imsß hy iudchla

ìys lsÍug fya;= jk wdrïNhla f,i o mokula f,i o hy .=Kdx. Ôú;h ;=<ska

úoyd ±laùug W;aidy lruq'

61

wNHdi

01' bia,dóh ±lau wkqj hy.=Kdx. hkq fudkjd±hs meyeÈ,s lrkak'

02' bia,dï wjOdrKh lrk my; i|yka hy .=Kdx. ms<sn| flá igyka

,shkak'

w& ohdj $ wdorh

wd& oka §u

we& mß;Hd.Ys,sNdjh$ lem lsÍu

03' úYajdijka; Ndjh hk hy.=Kdx.h bia,dñh ixisoaêhla weiqßka

meyeÈ,s lrkak'

04' uqia,sïjrhl= ;u ðú;fha È ms<smeÈh hq;= fjk;a hy.=Kdx. fm<la

,ehsia;= .; lrkak'

05' ixfõÈ bkaøsh md,kh lsÍu hk hy.=Kdx.h ms<sn| Tng yefÕkafka

l=ulao@

06' hy.=Kdx. ms<sn| jq w,a l=¾wdka jelshla yd y§ia tlla i|yka

lrkak'

07' wdorh ±laùu hk hy.=Kdx.h fldgia follg fnod ±laúh yel' tu

fldgia folgu WodyrK 03 ne.ska ,nd fokak'

62

wOHd;auh bia,dufha b;d jeo.;a fldg ie,fla' ñksidg w,xldr jQ

YÍrhla ,eî we;s w;r w,xldr jQ wd;auhla o ,î we;' flfkla ;u isrer

w,xldr lr .ekSug ,nd fokakd jQ m%uqL;ajh u Tyqf.a wOHd;añl ÈhqKqj Wfoid

o ,nd Èh hq;= h" hkak bia,dï ms%h lrhs' tfia u ñksia wd;auh ms<snò w,xldr

Wmfoia ,nd § wdOHd;añl W;a;Í;r Ndjhg ,`.d ùug u.fmkaùïo ,nd § we;'

wdOHd;añl Ôú;h fuf,dj Ôú;fhka fjka jQ tlla f,i bia,dï woyia lrkafka

ke;'

ñksid uQ,sl jYfhka isrer" {dkh yd wd;auh hk m%Odk fldgiaj,ska

hqla; jkafka h' fï w;r wd;auhla fkdue;s isrer fyda isrerla fkdue;s wd;auh

jeo.;a fldg i,lkafka ke;' —w,a,dya w,xldr h¦ Tyq w,xldrh u ms%h lrhs˜

ûqia,sï& hk y§ih u.ska isrer yd is; iu ;;a;ajhl ;eîfï wjYH;dj wjOdrKh

lrhs' ,iaik isrerla yd wj,iaik wd;auhla o ke;fyd;a ,iaik wd;auhla yd

wj,iaik isrerla mj;sk ;;a;ajhla o bia,dï ms%h fkdlrhs'

j¾;udk f,dalfha isrer yd wd;auh w;r mej;sh hq;= iunr;djh fmr

lsis ld,hl fkdue;s wdldrhg wvq ù f.k hkafka h' wOHd;añl wjYH;dj bj;

oud YdÍßl wjYH;dj muKla fya;=fldg .;a ñksidf.a wjYH;d iSud ù we;' tu

ksid j¾;udk ñksid ysia jdKsc Ôúhl= njg m;a ù we;' iudÔh yeÕSu" kS;sh"

wdOHd;añl ÈhqKqj i|yd jQ u. fmkaùu

13

63

wjxlnj" idOdrKh" úYajdih" i;H wd§ udkqIsl idrO¾u iyuq,ska u úkdY jk

Nhdkl ;;a;ajhla lrd kùk iyi% iudch .uka lrñka isáhs' fuu ;;a;ajh

bia,dóh úoaj;ayq —wdOHd;añl È<s`ÿ nj˜ hehs iòyka lr;s'

fuu wOHd;añl È<sÿ núka ñksid wdrCIdj ,eìh hq;= kï Tyq is; m;=f,ka u

f,daflda;a;r ,CIK j¾Okh lr .; hq;= h' f,dj ish¨ wd.ï fï flfrys

wjOdkh fhduq lrhs'

bia,dóh oY–kh g wkqj tla uqia,sïne;su;l= ;u wdOHd;añl ÈhqKqj iòyd

w,a l=¾wdka yd iqkakdyays uÕ fmkaùu wkq.ukh l< hq;= h' —fuf,dj-¡mrf,dj"

isrer wd;auh hk fjkialï fkdue;s j ta fol tla lr hym;a Ôú;hla ,nd.ekSu

;=<ska fof,dfjys u M, ,nd .; yels h˜ hkak bia,dufha WmfoaYh fõ' fuu

u. fmkaùug úreoaO úêl%u u.ska wd;aóh mdßY=oaO;ajh fiùug W;aidy lsÍfuka

wdOHd;añl wxYhg ydks we;s úh yels h'

wdOHd;añl fCIa;%fha ÈhqKqj iòyd bia,dï fmkajk u. fmkaùï fufia h'

1'bya,dia

zbya,diaZ hk jpkfhka msßisÿ fÉ;kdj" ksle<e,a is;=ú,s hk w¾:h f.k

foa'

uqia,sï ne;su;l= úiska isÿ lrk hy ls%hd w,a,dyaf.ka wkqu; úug

zbya,diaZ uQ,sl fldkafoaishla f,i ie,fla' .e;a;l= l=uk ls%hdjla lrkafka o" th

w,a,dya fjkqfjka u hk wêIaGdkfhka lsÍu bya,dia fõ' ;u foúhka mrf,dj §

uqK .eiSu wruqK lr .;a ;eke;a;d hy ls%hd lr;ajdæ tfia u lsisjla iu fkdlr

isá;ajdæ ^19(110& hkqfjka w,a,dyq ;wd,d w,a l=¾wdkfha mjid we;'

hï l%shdjla fjk;a flfkl= fyda fohla iu. w,a,dya iudk lsÍula lrhs

kï th wdfoaY lsÍula njg m;a fõ' jerÈ ls%hdjla f,ig o m;a fõ' ksoiqkla f,i

jHdc is;e`.s wruqKq lrf.k l%shd lrkafka kï zwdfoaY lsÍulaZ njg m;a fõ' b;d

iq`¿ jYfhka fyda jHdc is;e`.s ;sîu wdfoaY lsÍula Îs¾la& h hs kì i,a,,a,dyq

wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=udfKda mejiQy' Okh" n,h" ;k;=r" m%Yxidj" f,!lsl ,dN"

wdÈfhys úYajdih ;nd th wruqKq lr .ksñka ls%hd lrk úg" tu ls%hd mdßY=oaO

fkdjk w;r bia,dóh oY–khg wkqj th jrola njg m;a fõ' mßY=oaO fkdjk ls%hd

iòyd w,a,dyaf.ka lsisÿ jákdlula ,efnkafka ke;'

—ls%hd ish,a, fÉ;kdj mokï lr .ksñka isÿ fõ'˜ hkqfjka kì i,a,,a,dyq

wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=udKka mjiQy' ^nqydß" uqia,sï&

fuu y§ih ñksidf.a tla tla ls%hdjg msßisÿ fÉ;kdj wjYH nj f.k

yer olajhs' flkl=f.a fÉ;kdj uQ,sl lr .ksñka u Tyqf.a —wu,a˜ j,g w,a,dya

mrf,dj § m%;sM, ,nd fokafka h' ksh; jYfhka w,a,dya Tnf.a fmkqu fyda Tnf.a

jia;=j foi n,kafka ke;' Tnf.a is; yd Tnf.a ls%hd foi muKla n,kafka h'˜

hehs kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=udfKda mejiQy' ûqia,sï&

64

mrf,dj § úksYaph fokq ,nk Èkfha ;u Ôú;h mß;Hd. l< tla mqoa.,hl=

w,a,dya fj; le|jdf.k tkq ,efí' túg w,a,dya Tyqg" Tyq fjkqfjka ,nd ÿka

ohdj yd lreKdj f.k yer olajhs' Tyq o th ms<s.kS' miq j —Tn ud fjkqfjka

l=ula lrkq ,enqfõ˜ ±hs w,a,dya úuikafka h' —uu Tn fjkqfjka hqoaO lf<ñ' tu

ksid ureuqjg m;a jQfhñ'˜ hehs Tyq mjihs' túg w,a,dya —Tn mjikafka uqidjls'

Tn ùrhl= hhs m%Yxid ,eîu msKsi hqoaO l< flfkls'˜ hhs mjikafka h' miq j

û,lajreka wu;d& —fuu ñksid uqkska w;g ;nd ksrhg ;,a¨ lrkak˜ hehs wK

lrkafka h˜ hkqfjka kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=udfKda mejiQy' ûqia,sï&

fuu y§ih u.ska msßisÿ fÉ;kdj fldmuK jeo.;a jkafka o hkak jgyd

.; yels h' w,a,dyag Nla;sfhka l< yels lemlsÍï fldmuK o@" tu lemlsÍu"

tkï m%dKh w,a,dyaf.a ud¾.fha wysñ lr .;af;a h' fuh lsisjl=g m%;sfCIam l<

fkdyels h' tmuK myiqfjka lsisjl=g l< fkdyels lem lsÍul isÿ l< o Tyqf.a

fÉ;kdj whym;a neúka Tyqg ksrhg hdug isÿ jQ nj fuu kì joka fmkajd fohs'

j¾;udkfha fndfyda ñksiqka w,a,dya fjkqfjka l< hq;= hy ls%hd ^wu,a&

lS¾;sh" m%Yxid" Okh wd§ foa fjkqfjka lrkq olakg ,eîu b;d lK.dgqodhl

;;a;ajhls' Tjqyq fï ms<sn|j lsis ÿ ;elSula fkdue;s j ir, j isÿ lr;s' fudjqka

ms<snò uejqï lrk w,a,dya w,a l=¾wdkfha fuf,i iòyka lrkafka h'

ljfrla fuf,dj Ôú;h o tys w,xldrh o n,dfmdfrd;a;= jkafka kï tys

^fuf,dj& § wms Tjqkaf.a ls%hdjkag M, úmdlh Tjqkg iïmQ¾Kfhka u fokafkuq'

;j o tys § Tjqkg ^Tjqkaf.a M, úmdlfhka& lsisjla wvq lrkq fkd,efí' Tjqkg

mrf,dj § wmd .skak yer ^fjk lsisjla& ke;' Tjqka lrñka isá oE ksr¾:l h'

;j o" tjqka tys § l< oE ksIaM, h' ^11(15"16&

tneúka wmf.a ls%hd msßisÿ fÉ;kdfjka l< hq;= h' wka whg fmkaùug fyda

m%Yxid ,eîug fyda ls%hd lrkq ,enqfõ kï mrf,dj § wmg miq;eùug isÿ fõ'

2' ;õndisf;ys we;s mdms ls%hd bj;a lr .ekSug fyd| u ls%hdj,sh ;õnd fõ' tkï

mdmS ls%hdjkaf.ka je<lS foúhka fj; uq`¿ukska u ióm ùu h' ;õnd hkafkys

jpkd¾:h wdmiq tau" yeÍu fõ'

bia,dóh jHjydrfha ñksil= ryis.; j fyda m%isoaêfha w,a,dya ms<sl=,a

lrk fohska je<lS Tyq ms%h lrk foa fj; yeÍu hkak fuhska woyia fõ'

65

;õnd hkq ñksid iudkHfhka .; lrk tla;rd Ôjk rgdjlska" w¨;a

Ôjk rgdjla lrd .uka lsÍu hehs i|yka l< yels h' fuu fjki we;s ùug kï

ysia jpk lsysmhla jdÑlj m%ldY lsÍu m%udKj;a fkdfõ' fuu fjki Tyqf.a

±kqfuka yeÕSfuka muKla fkdj ls%hdfjka o isÿ úh hq;= h'

fuu fjki Tyqf.a wruqKq o ls%hd o .=Kdx. o mQ¾K jYfhka fjkiaùulg

Ndck l< hq;= h' fuf,i ienE fjkila we;s jkafka kï mukla th ienE

;õndjla f,i ie,fla'

ñksid hym; yd whym; w;r iqmßlaIdldÍ Ôú;hla .; l< hq;= h' fuu

;;a;ajh hgf;a hym; fyda whym; fyda Tyqf.ka isÿ úh yels h' fuf,i isÿ úh

yels whym;a foa iòyd ms<shula f,i ;õndj y÷kajd § we;'

flfkla ;j flkl= >d;kh l< ;;a;ajhl § fofokd u iaj¾.hg we;=`¿

jkq ±l w,a,dya iskdfikafka h' tla wfhla w,a,dyaf.a ud¾.fha igka lr tys §

>d;khg ,la jQ flfkls' wfkld Tyqj >d;kh lr ^;õnd lr w,a,dya foig

yerefKA h& w,a,dya Tyqf.a ;õndj ms<s.kafka h' Tyq w,a,dyag hg;a jkafka h'

miqj w,a,dyaf.a ud¾.fha Tyq o IySoa jkafka h' ^fudyq ;õnd lr hym;a flkl= ù

IySoa jQ fyhska Tyqg iaj¾.h ysñ fõ' ^nqydß"uqia,sï& hk kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys

ji,a,ï ;=udKkaf.a jelsh fuh ikd: lrkafka h'

fuf,i ñksiqka jrfoys ksr; jkakg Tjqkaf.a fkd±kqj;alu" md,kh l<

fkdyels ufkda wdYdjka muKla fkdj mdßißl n,mEï o fya;= fõ'

mdmfhys ksr; jk ñksid Tyqf.a mdmhkaf.ka ñ§ w,a,dya fj; yefrkafka

kï Tyq fuf,dj yd mrf,dj úúOdldr jQ m%;sM, ,nd .kshs' ñksfila ;õnd lr

66

wdmiq yeÍfuka w,a,dyag lSlre ùu hk Wiia .=Kh ysñ lr .kshs' ;õnd lsÍu

fof,dj ch.%yKh ysñ lr .ekSu iòyd u. fmkajk l%uhls'

;õnd u.ska foaj ióm;dj ysñ fõ' ksrfhka ñ§ iaj¾.hg hdug yels fõ'

Tyqf.a wl=i, l¾u l=i,a njg mßj¾;kh fõ' fuf,dj fi!Nd.Hj;a Ôú;hla

ysñ fõ'

tuksid ñksil= ;ud l<d jQ mdmfhka ñ§ wdksixi ,nd .; hq;= kï

w,a,dya yd Tyqf.a O¾u ¥; uqyïuoa kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=udKka

fmkajQ wdldrhg ;õnd l< hq;= h' fuf,i ;õndj iòyd fldkafoais y;rla

olakg ,efí'

1' w,a,dya fj;h hk msßisÿ fÉ;kdfjka ;õnd lsÍu

2' ;ud l< mdm w;yer thska iyuq,ska u bj;a ùu'

3' —;ud l< ta mdmh wjfndaO lr ta fjkqfjka miq;eú,s ùu'

4' lrk ,o mdmh ñksid yd iïnkaO jkafka kï Tyqf.ka iudj b,a,ñka

w,a,dya g ióm ùu

fuu fldkafoais iïmQ¾K jQ úg muKla wmf.a ;õnd mßmQ¾K fõ' ñksid

foúhka fjkqfjka ;u is; mßY=oaO lr f.k ;ud lrk ,o mdm ms<sn| j is;d

miq;eú,s ù tu mdmhkaf.ka ;ud iïmQ¾Kfhka u ñ§ hym;a lghq;= flfrys

YS>%fhka fhduq úh hq;= h'

;u my;a ye.Sï j,g m%;s úreoaO j ;u ls%hdj, ksr; ù w,a,dyag iïmQ¾Kfhka

Ndr lr m%¾:kd l< úg th w,a,dya ms<s.;a m%d¾:kd njg m;a fõ'

fuf,i ñksid ;õnd lr foúhka fj; yerefKa kï Tyqf.a ;;a;ajh

fmrg jvd hym;a fõ' iq`¿ mjla ms<snò is;k úg mjd Tyq ;=< w,a,dyaf.a ìhla

yg.kshs'

w,a,dya bÈßfha hgy;a my;a jQjl= fia isáhs' wyxldr nj Tyqf.ka bj;a

fõ' tfia u Tyqf.a wjhj w,a,dya je<ela jQ fohska ñ§ b;d iqrËs; j mj;shs'

wmf.a urKh flÈkl isÿ fõ o hkak okafka w,a,dya muKs' wmf.a Ôú;fha iEu

fudfyd;l u wm w,a,dya uqK .eiSug iQodkñka isáh hq;= h' ;õnd wheo isàu

miqjg l,a ±óu fkdl< hq;= h' ;õnd l,a ±óu o" ta ms<snò j fkdie,ls,su;a j

isàu o fIhs;dkaf.a Wjÿrls'

67

z;õndZ fjkqfjka fjka jQ ld, iSudjla fkdue;' jd¾Ysl j wmg yuq jk

ru<dka udih muKla u ;õndj iòyd fjka lr fkdue;' ;õndj ´kE u ld,hl

l< yels h' ru<dkh o .s,syS hdug fkd§ fï iòyd Ndú;hg .ksuq'

mdmhkaf.ka ñ§ ufkda bÉPdfjka o ñ§ w,a,dya fj;g kej; yefruq'

oyj,a ld,fha mdmhl fhÿKq flfkl=j lud lsÍug rd;S% ld,fha o rd;S% ld,fha

mdmhl fhÿKq flkl= lud lsÍug oyj,a ld,fha o w,a,dya u. n,df.k isákafka

h' w,a,dyaf.a ryau;h o mõludj o fidhd wms o ta fj;g huq'

4' jrWfuys woyi —ms<sfj;a iq/lSu˜ kï fõ' bia,dï mjik Wiia .=Khla f,i

ms<sfj;a iq/lSu hkak uQ,sl jYfhka —iel iys; foa w;yßkak¦ iel rys; foa

ms<smÈkak˜ ^wyauoa" ;s¾ñÈ" kidB& hehs y§iays iòyka fõ' bia,dufha ielhg u.

mdok foa j<lajd .ekSfï wjYH;dj fmkajd fohs' fuu woyi my; y§ih u.ska

fufia ;yjqre fõ'

jrla kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=udfKda ñksil= foi n,d —Tng

iel iys; foa w;yßkak' ielhla we;s fkdjk foa ms<smÈkak˜ hehs mejiQy' thg

tu ñksid th y÷kd .kafka flfia ±hs úuiqfõ h' thg kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys

ji,a,ï ;=udfKda Tn hï fohla lsÍug me;=fõ kï Tnf.a yojf;ys w; ;nd

n,kak¦ ksYaph jYfhka Tnf.a yoj; yrdï jQ foa bÈßfhys l,n, fjhs¦ y,d,a jQ

foa bÈßfhys ;Dma;su;a fõ¦ ;jo —ms<sfj;a iq/lSu˜ iys; uqia,sï ne;su;d uyd mdm

l¾uhlg ìh ù iq`¿ mdmhka mjd ieu úgu w;yßkakl= j isáhs" hkqfjka ms<s;=re

ÿkay' ^;nrdks&

fuu y§ih ms<sfj;a iq/lSu iòyd jQ iSudj meyeÈ,s lrhs'

—mdmhla isÿ fõ foda hk ìfhka" jrola fkdjk foa o isÿ fkdlr isák

^ms<sfj;a iq/lSu& iajNdjh ^/lSu& we;s fkdjk ;=re tla .e;a;l=g —uq;a;lS˜ ùug

kqmq`¿jk' ^;s¾ñÈ&

ms<sfj;a iq/lSu hk iajNdjh flkl=f.a is;ska o" jpkfhka o ls%hdfjka

o we;s úh hq;= h' isf;ys we;s jk iq`¿ iq`¿ is;=ú,a,la jqj o w,a,dya flfrys jQ

is;=ú,a,lg m;a lr .ekSu is;ska ms<sfj;a iq/lSu hehs mejish yels h' jpkfhka

ms<sfj;a iq/lSu hkak" ish¨ wkjYH l;dj,ska Èj wdrCId lr .ekSu h' ls%hdfjka

ms<sfj;a iq/lSu hk ls%hdj p,kh" we÷u" Ndú;h wd§ ish¨ wx. y,d,a f,i isÿ

lsÍu h'

68

—wnq yqffrrdæ Tn ms<sfj;a iqrlskakl= ù isákak' túg Tn uyd keuÿïlrkakl=

j isáhs' ^;s¾ñÈ& hk y§ih u.ska ms<sfj;a iq/lSu hk fuu .=Kh flkl=f.a ish¨

ls%hdodu ms<sfj<lg ilia lrhs" hkak f.k yer olajhs' ;j o fuu iajNdjh

bia,dï ne;su;l= zuq;a;lSZ f,ig fjkia lrhs' fuu iajNdjfha jeo.;alu

ms<snò meyeÿKq iydìjre ms<sfj;a iq/lSu hk .=Kh ròjd .ekSug fldf;la

ÿrg m%h;ak ±refõ o hhs mjikafka kï yrdï jk fohla isÿ fõ foda hk

ìh fya;=fjka y,d,a lghq;= ye;a;Ejlska je<flkakka f,i o isáhy' wms o

—ms<sfj;a iq/lSu˜ hk .=Kh /l .ksuq'

4' ziqyqoa wdOHd;añl ÈhqKqj Wfoid bia,dï u.fmkajk foa w;ßka ziqyqoa hkqfjka

y÷kajk we,aula fkdue;s fuf,dj Ôjk l%uh o tlls' we,aula fkdue;s fuf,dj

Ôú;h hkq" mrf,dj Ôú;h iu. ixikaokh lrk úg fkdjákd fohla f,i

woyia flfrhs'

zodre,a *kdZ hkqfjka y÷kajd úkdY jkiq¨ fuf,dj Ôú;h udhdfjka

jYS ù zodre,a nldZ hk ksula fkdue;s mrf,dj Ôú;h wu;l fkdlr isàug kï

tla tla mqoa.,hd ;=< fuf,dj Ôú;h ms<sn| j we,aula fkdue;s ùu wjYH h' fuu

woyi kqU,df.a ljrl= ls%hdfjka b;d fyd| ±hs kqU,d msßlaikq ms‚i urKh;a

Ôú;h;a Tyq ks¾udKh lf<a h' ;j o Tyq w;sn, iïmkak h" CIudYS,S h" ^67(2&

hk w,a l=¾wdka jdlHh fï nj ukdj fmkakqï lrhs'

fuf,dj Ôú;fha wdvïnrh yd úfkdaoh u.ska w,a,dya flfrys jq is;=ú,a,

wu;l lr fuf,dj § u kskaodj yd úkdYh we;s lrjk ksid tA ms<sn| w,a,dya

wmg wjjdo lrhs'

^ñksiqksæ& kqU,d ±k .kak' fuf,dj Ôú;h hkq mqyq fl<s fo<ls¦ ^mqyq&

úfkdaohls¦ ^mqyq& w,xldrhls¦ kqU,d tlsfkld w;r we;s jk mqyq wdvïnrh o

jia;=j;a" mrmqr;a j¾Okh l< hq;= h hk mqyq yeÕSuo fõ' tlsfkld w;r mqridrï

fovùuls' fuf,dj Ôú;h udhd iqfLdamfNda.hla ñi ke;ehs ±k .kq' ^57(20&

úYajdijka;hsksæ w,a,dya kqU,dg y,d,a ^wkqu;& l< msú;=re foa kqU,d ;ykï

fkdlr.kq' ;j o iSudj fkdblaujkq' ksh; jYfhka u w,a,dya blaujkakka ms%h

fkdlrhs' ^5(87&

fuf,dj w,a,dyag hgy;a ùu iòyd ujk ,o ñksid" fuf,dj N=la;s ú£u

;u tl u wruqK fkdlr.; hq;= h' fuf,dj iïm;a fidhd .ekSfï wdYdj

mrf,djg wjYH foa fidhd .ekSu w;yer thska flfkl=j fkdyerúh hq;= h'

m%Yxidj moú;dkdka;r wdÈh ,nd .; hq;= h hk wdYdj" w,a,dya yg m%Yxid lsÍu

o iaj¾.fha moúh ,nd .ekSu o w;yer Tyq fkdyerúh" hq;= h' fuf,dj hï

69

wjia:djla wysñ jk úg we;s jk ixfõ.h mrf,dj hï wjia:djla wysñ jk úg

we;s jk ixfõ.hg jvd wêl fkdúh hq;= h' ;ud ÿla uykais ù Wmhd.;a Okh

w,a,dyaf.a ud¾.fha jeh lsÍug lsisúfgl miqng fkdúh hq;= h' —fuf,dj Ôú;h

kqU,d rjgjd fkd.; hq;= h˜ ^31(33& hk w,a l=¾wdka jelsh o jrla kì;=udf.a

ñ;%fhla kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=udKka fj;g meñK" w,a,dyaf.a O¾u

¥;hdKksæ —w,a,dya yd ñksiqka ud flfrys ms%h ùug ud l=uk ls%hdjla l< hq;= ±hs

ug lshd fokak˜ hehs úpdf<ah' thg kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=udfKda

—fuf,dj Ôú;hg we,aula fkdue;s jQjl= f,i isákak' w,a,dya Tnj ms%h lrhs'

ñksid w;r we;s fohska ñ§ wjYH;d fkdue;af;l= j isákak" ñksid Tnj ms%h

lrhs˜' îqkka bìkq udcdya& hehs mejiQy' by; i|yka jelsh fuf,dj we,aula

fkdue;s j Ôj;aùu ms<snò bia,dóh ;;a;ajh meyeÈ,s lrkafka h'

fuf,dj we,aula fkdue;s j Ôj;aùu hkq" fuf,dj Ôú;h u w;yer

tys wdYajdohka iyuq,ska bj;a lr ±óu fkdfõ' tfia u fuf,dj Ôú;fha §

jqjukdfjka u lror msß" r`¿ Ôú;hla .; lsÍu;a fkdfõ' fuf,i Ôj;a ùu

bia,dï —ryandkshshd˜ hk meúÈ ;;a;ajhg f.k hkq ,nhs hkafkka wjjdo lr

th ;ykï lr we;'

th ;ykï lr we;'wNHdi

1' wdOHd;añl ÈhqKqj hkq l=ula o@

2' —ms<sfj;a iq/lSu˜ hk woyi fok wrdì jpkh l=ula o@ th ÿqçka

meyeÈ,s lrkak'

3' —ziqyqoa˜ hkq l=ula o@ th —ryandkshd˜ kï ;;a;ajfhka fjkia jkafka

flfia o@

4' —;õnd˜ ms<s.ekSu iòyd jQ fldkafoais fudkjd o@

5' —bya,dia˜ ;;a;ajh u;= lr olajk isoaêhla f.kyer olajkak'

70

ydßia(- wiai,duq w,hsl=ï m`ä;=uks' Tn iu. l;d lsÍug iq¿ fudfyd;lg

wjir Èh yels o@

m`äjrhd(- jwff,l=uqiai,dï jryau;=,a,dys jnrld;=yq' wehs tfyu wikafka' we;s

muK l;d l< yels hs'

ydßia(- jyS ms<snò j úuid ±k f.k tk f,i wfma .=re;=ud mejiqjd' ta ms<snò j

±k .ekSug meñKsfhñ'

m`äjrhd(- fydòhs' wiqka .kak' Tnf.a .eg¨ úuikak'

ydßia(- {dkh" bJøSh {dkh yd úpCIK {dkh jYfhka fldgia follg fnod

olajhs' tA fol w;ßka jyS l=uk fldgig wh;a fõ o@

m`äjrhd(- bJøSh {dkhg fukau úplaIK {dkhg by<ska jQ {dkh jyS f,i

ye¢kafõ' bkaøSh ×kh yd úplaIK ×kh ñksid ;=< fmdaIKh ù

ñksidf.a j¾Okh;a iu. th o uqjy;a fõ' tfy;a jyS tfia fkdfõ'

we;af;ka u th uq,ska lS j¾. foflys we;s {dkh iïnkaO lr ñksidg

i;Hfha u. fmkakqï lrhs'

ysIdï(- th álla úia;rd;aul j lsj yels o@

m`äjrhd(- ish¨ u Ôúkag bkaøShhka mokï fldg.;a" tAjdfhys wjYH;djg wkqj

iSud lrk ,o {dkhla ,nd § we;' ñksid fuu bkaøSh {dkh iu.

is;=ú,s mokï lr .ksñka úplaIK {dkh ,nd f.k we;' úplaIK

{dkh we;s ñksidg iDcq ud¾.h f;dard .ekSu iòyd Woõjla f,i

jyS u.ska ±kqu ,nd fokq we;' fuh tla tla ñksidg ;ks ;ks j

,nd § fkdue;' ta fjkqjg ñksiqka w;ßka f;dard m;a lr .kakd ,o

kìjrekag ,nd § Tjqka th f.k yer ±lau u.ska wka ñksiqka fj;g

th ,eî we;'

jyS ys jeo.;alu

14

71

ysIdï(- jyS hk mofha w¾:h meyeÈ,s l< yels o@

m`äjrhd(- NdIduh jYfhka jyS hk moh ix{dj" msì§u" isf;ys we;sùu" m‚úv

mejiSu" ryis.; l:kh hk woyia f.k fohs' w,a l=¾wdkfha jyS hk

mohg w¾: /ila Ndú; lr we;' wka whg fkd±fkk mßÈ;a .%dylhdg

muKla .%yKh jk mßÈ;a mqj;la b;d fõ.fhka yd b;d ryis.; j

yqjudre lsÍu hkqfjka o" wka whg fkd±fkk wdldrhg b;d ryis.;

j yd b;d fõ.fhka w,a,dya ;wd,d u.ska Tyqf.a O¾u ¥;hdg my<

lrk ,o w,a,dyaf.a l:kh hkqfjka o y`ÿkajkq ,efí'

ysIdï(- jyS u;a¨õ hkqfjka o" jyS ff.re u;a¨õ hkqfjka o jyS j¾. folla

we;s nj mjikjd fkao@ ta ms<snòj mjikak mq`¿jka o@

m`äjrhd(- jyS u;a¨õ hkq w,a,dya ðìÍ,a wff,ysiai,dï u.ska riQ,ajrekag

mdrdhkh lr fmka jQ jyS fõ' riQ,ajre th tf,i u ck;djg

mdrdhkh lr fmkaj;s' ñksid th ;u wjYH;dj wkqj jdÑl j o ,sÅ;

j o wdrCId lr .;af;a h' fï iòyd Wiia u ksoiqk w,a l=¾wdkh fõ'

kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=udKkag mdrdhkh lr fmkajk ,o

fuh jkfmd;a l%ufhka o mej; wd w;r f,aLk l%ufhka o j¾;udkh

olajd thdldrfhka u wdrCId ù we;' fuh w,a l=¾wdkhg muKla ,nd

§ we;s úfYaI;ajhls'

ydñoa (- jyS ff.re u;a¨õ hkq l=ula o@

m`äjrhd(- fuys woyi mdrdhkh lr fkdfmka jQ jyS hkak h' fuh úúO

wdldrfhka foaj O¾u ¥;hkayg ysñ jq‚'

ydñoa (- fuhg ksoiqka lsysmhla fmkakqï l< yels o@

m`äjrhd(- bn%dysï wff,ysiai,dï ;=ud ;u mq;a biaudhs,a wff,ysiai,dï ;=udj

l=¾ndka lrk f,i isyskhla ÿgqfõ hehs iQr;=ia id*a*d;a ys 102 jelsfhys

i|yka fkdfõ o@ tjeks i;H isysk fuys wka;¾.; fõ' tfia u uQid

wff,ysiai,dï ;=ud ;=¾iskd lkao wi,ska hk úg y`vla fkdweiqfKa

o@ w,a,dya t;=ud iu. ixjdofha fhÿfKa h' zilßhshd wff,ysiai,dï

;=ud ;u iudchg ix{d u.ska w,a,dya keu§ug o" m%Yxid lsÍug o

b.ekajQfha h' hkqfjka w,a l=¾wdkfha iòyka fõ' fuh o thg wh;a fõ'

fuf,i u uqyïuoa i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=udKkaf.a y§ihka o

jyS ff.re u;a õ hkqfjka y`ÿkajkq ,efí'

yqfohs*d (- jyS ys jeo.;alu ms<snò álla úia;r l< yels o@

72

m`äjrhd(- fuf;la mejiQ lreKq u.ska ñksidg iDcq u. ,eîug kï jyS ys {dkh

wjYH nj Tng wjfndaO ù we;' ta yer fjk;a fya;+ka o bÈßm;a l<

yels h' w,a,dya ñksid mÍCId lsÍu iòyd ufkda bÉPdj hk fmd<Uùu

Tyqg ,nd § we;' ufkda bÉPdj ñksidf.a úplaIK {dkhg wod< fydò

yd krl ms<snò is;Sug fkd§ f,dal wdiajdoh fj;g Tyqj weo .ekSug

W;aidy lrhs' fuu wjia:dfõ § jyS ±kqu ñksidg fydòkrl" yßjerÈ

ms<snò wjfndaOh ,nd fohs' th úYajdi lr Ôj;a jk ñksid l%ufhka

ufkda bÉPdj md,kh lr .kshs'

;j o úYajh ;=< úúOdldr jQ ueùï olakg ,efí' thska fndfyduhla

ñksidf.a bJøshhkag f.dapr fkdfõ' ulaksid o h;a ñksidf.a bJøshhka

j, ixfõ§ nj iSud lr we;' iuyr Ôùka ñksidg jvd wêl bJøsh

×khlska hqla;h' úoHd{hkaf.a m%ldY fuhg lÈu ksoiqka h' ñksidf.a

bkaøshhkag f.dapr fkdjk úúO i;Hhka jyS u.ska meyeÈ,s flf¾'

tfy;a fndfyda fofkla bJøsh {dkh .ek muKla úYajdih ;nd jyS

u.ska mjik i;Hh m%;slafIam lr;s' fuu ;;a;ajh wiaÓr h' fujeks

ñksiqka ;u bJøshhkaf.ka jgyd fkd.;a neúka" mDÓúh me;,sh hehs

úYajdih lr th f.da,dldrh hehs mejiQ úoHd{hka >d;kh lsÍug o

W;aidy ±rEy'

mDÓúfha w,a,dyaf.a ksfhdað;hd f,i ñksid w,a,dyag yd Tyqf.a

ueùï w;r we;s iïnkaO;dj ±k .ekSug jyS muKla u. fmkaùu

f,i mj;shs'

ysIdï(- m`äjrhdKksæ ñksidf.a bJøSh {dkfhka muKla ±k .; fkdyels

lreKq mej;sh yels o@

m`äjrhd(- ñksia isf;ys we;s jk iuyr uQ,sl .eg¨j,g mjd bkaøsh {dkh u.ska

fyda ÑpCIK {dkfhka fyda muKla ksjerÈ ms<s;=re mejish fkdyels h'

tf,i ms<s;=re §ug m%h;ak ±rE ñksid" ms<su foúhka f,i ie,lSh'

foúhl= fkdue; hehs mejiqfõ h' ñksid jdkrhdf.ka ìys úh hehs

mejiqfõ h'

yqfohs*d (- ñksia isf;ys Woa.; jk uQ,sl .eg¨ fudkjd ±hs mejish yels o@

m`äjrhd (- ud ljqo@

fldys isg meñKsfhñ o@

hkafka fldhs foig o @

udf.a Wmf;a wruqK l=ula o@

fuu .eg¨ uQ,sl fõ' tAjdg jyS ys wdOdrh fkdue;s j bkaøSh {dkh;a

úpCIK {dkh;a mdol fldg f.k muKla lsisúgl ksYaÑ; ms<s;=rla

73

mejish fkdyels h' ms<s;=re ksjerÈ j fkd,o úg ñksid jerÈ ud¾.hl

.uka lrhs' foúhka m%;slafIam lrk wfoaj jd§ka o mrf,dj m%;slafIam

lrk f,!lsljd§ka o fuhg lÈu ksoiqka h'

ydßia (- m`äjrhdKks" fuf;la fõ,d wm iu. isg wmf.a .eg¨j,g meyeÈ,s

úia;rhla ,nd ÿka Tng w,a,dyaf.a ohdj ysñ fõjdæ hhs m;ñka wmf.a

yDohdx.u ia;+;sh mqo lruq' czidl,a,dyq lhsrka liSrd'

m`äjrhd (- ndrl,a,dyq *Sl=ï isiqjks" lreKq fidhd bf.k .ekSug bÈßm;a jQ

Tnf.a ±kqu w,a,dya mq`¿,a lr;ajdæ

ydßia (- wiai,duq w,hsl=ï jryau;=,a,dys jnrld;=yq'

m`äjrhd (- jwff,l=uqiai,dï jryau;=,a,dys jnrld;=yq'

wNHdi

1' jyS ys m%Odk fldgia fudkjd o@ WodyrK iys; j meyeÈ,s lrkak'

2' jyS my< lrk l%u fudkjd o@

3' jyS my< lsÍfï wruqKq f.kyer olajkak'

4' bJøSSh {dkh" úpCIK {dkh hk foj¾.hg jvd jyS ±kqu fY%aIaG fõ"

hkak úia;r lr fmkajkafka flfia o@

74

w,a l=¾wdkh my< lsÍu yd f.dkq lsÍu

15

.=rejrhd (- bia,dóh uQ,sl uQ,dY%h w;=frka m%Odk uQ,dY%h jk w,a l=¾wdkh

ms<snò ixjdohla meje;aùug kshñ; h' fuys § msßila iyNd.Sjkakka f,i o"

;j;a msßila krUkakka f,i o isá;s' ixjdoh kId;a isiqjd wdrïN lrhs'

kId;a (- w,a l=¾wdkh my< lsÍu yd f.dkq lsÍu hk ud;Dldj hgf;a" w,a

l=¾wdkh m%:u jrg my< jQ wdldrh ms<snò j Tn iu. woyia yqjudre lr .ekSug

bÈßm;a jQfhñ'

w,a,dyq ;wd,d úiska my< lrk ,o wd.ï i;rla we;s nj wms oksuq' thska

w,a l=¾wdkh wjika jrg uqyïuoa kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=udKkag

my< lrk ,o wd.ñl lD;sh fõ' uqyïuoa kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï

;=udKkaf.a y;,sia jk úfhys ^l%s(j 610 § muK& ulaldfõ msysá ySrd .=ydfõ ;ks j

isá wjia:dfõ ff,,;=,a loa¾ kï rd;s%fha m%:u jySh my< úh'

jyS /f.k tk u,lajrhd jk ðíÍ,a wff,ysiai,dï ;=ud"

t;=udKka fj;g meñK —blar#˜ ^lshjkak& hehs mejiqfõ h' t;=udfKda

—uu lshúug fkdokafkñ˜ hkqfjka mejiQy' túg ðíÍ,a wff,ysiai,dï

75

;=ud uqyïuoa kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=udKka j ;Èka je<|

.;af;a h' miq j w;yer —blar#˜ hkqfjka kej; jrla mejiqfõ h' túg o

—uu lshùug fkdokafkñ˜ hkqfjka u ms<s;=re ÿkay' ðíÍ,a wff,ysiai,dï ;=ud

kej; jrla ;Èka je<| f.k —blard˜ hehs mejiqfõ h' fuf,i f;jrla u isÿ jQ

miq —l=ula mdrdhkh lrkak o@˜ hehs úuiQy' túg ziqr;=,a w,laZ ys m%:u jdlH

my mdrdhkh lr fmkajQfha h' uqyïuoa kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=udfKda

th mdrdhkd l<y'

fuh uqyïuoa kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=udKka yg tla w¨;a

w;a±lSula úh' tneúka t;=udKka yg ;e;s.ekaula yd ìhla we;s úh' ksji lrd

f.dia —udj fmdrjkak" udj fmdrjkak˜ hehs mejiQy' ìßò jk l§cd r<sh,a,dyq

wkayd ;=ñh t;=udKka fmrjQjd h¦ iekiqjd h' miq j isÿ jQ foa úuid ffO¾hu;a

l<d h' fmr wd.ï ms<snò ±kqula we;s ;u {d;shl= jQ jrl;a ìka kõ*,a ;=ud

fj;g le|jd f.k .shd h' t;=ud —uqyïuoa i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=udKka

w,a,dyaf.a O¾u ¥;hl= f,i my< lr we;s nj o" uqyïuoa kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys

ji,a,ï ;=ud fj;g meñKsfha ðíÍ,a wff,ysiai,dï kï foaj ¥;hd˜ nj o

meyeÈ,s lf<a h'

kqialS (- kId;a ifydaorhd m<uq jyS my< ùu ms<snò meyeÈ,s lf<a h' ta iu. úúO

wjia:d yd wjYH;dj,g wkqj w,a l=¾wdka jels my< úh' ðíÍ,a wff,ysiai,dï

;=ud w,a l=¾wdka jels ±kqj;a lrk úg uqyïuoa kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï

;=udfKda tajd jkfmd;a lr .;ay' tfia u ,sÅ; ±kqu we;s ;u ñ;=rkaf.ka ,sÅ; j

;nd .kakd f,i wdhdpkd l<y' tf,i jyS igyka lrkafkda —l=;a;dnq,a jyS˜ hehs

wu;kq ,enQy' tl, ulaldfõ lshùug yd ,sùug okakd b;d iq`¿ msßila muKla

isáhy' tfiau f,aLkh iòyd wjYH WmlrK o ;snqfKa b;d w,am jYfhks'

tneúka Tjqyq iï" >k wiaÓ" iqÿ .,a hkd § øjHj, ,shd ;enQy'

w,a l=¾wdka jels wjia:djkag wkqj my< jQ neúka tajd ;ks jdlHhla f,i

o" jdlH lsysmhla f,i o" iQrdjla f,i o my< úh' túg w¨;ska my< lrk ,o

wdh;a fyda iQrd" fmr my< jQ l=uk wdh;hl fyda iQrdjg fmr o miq o msysáh

hq;af;a hk úia;rh ðíÍ,a wff,ysiai,dï ;=ud ±kqï ÿkafka h' th o igyka lr

.kakd f,ig uqyïuoa kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=udfKda zl=;a;dnq,a jySZ

jreka fj; okajd isáhy'

w,a l=¾wdkh mshjßka mshjr my< jQ ms<sfj< z;¾;Snqka kqiQ,aZ hkqfjka

o" w,a l=¾wdkh mdrdhkh lsÍu iòyd kì uqyïuoa i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï

;=udKka fmkajd ÿka ms<sfj< z;¾;Snq;a ;s,dj;aZ hkqfjka o y÷kajkq ,efí' w,a

l=¾wdkh uqyïuoa kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=udKkaf.a j*d;h olajd u

my< úh'

76

kiañhd (- kqialS ifydaorhd uqyïuoa kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=udKkaf.a

ld,fha w,a l=¾wdkh my< jQ wdldrh fmkakqï lf<a h' fndfyda úg wrdìjreka

w;r b;d by< u;l Yla;shla ;snqKs' th tu iudchg ysñ jQ úfYaI;ajhls' tu

ksid iydìjre w,a l=¾wdkh b;d myiqfjka jkfmd;a lr .;ay' tfia u —l=;a;dnq,a

jyS˜ hkqfjka kï l< wh yd ;j;a iuyre w,a l=¾wdkh jk fmd;a lrk w;r u"

,shd .ksñka o isáhy' flfia fj;;a uqyïuoa kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï

;=udKkaf.a ld,fha w,a l=¾wdkh .%ka:drEV fkdù h'

kuq;a iEu ru<dka udihl u tf;la my< lrk ,o jels ðíÍ,a

wff,&ysiai,dï ;=udKka mdrdhkh lr fmkajk úg uqyïuoa kì i,a,,a,dyq

wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=udfKda ;u u;lh mÍËd lr .;ay' fuf,i uqyïuoa kì

i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=udKka f.a j*d;hg fmr jQ udifha § ^ru<dka&

foj;djla mßËd lr.;ay' túg ihsoa bíkq idì;a r<sh,a,dyq wkayq ;=ud kì

;=udKka iu. isg thg ijka ÿkafka h'

iíßkd (- uqyïuoa kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=udKka w,a l=¾wdkh f.dkq

lsÍug fmr iqodkula ilia lr ;sfnkafka o" hkak kiañhd ifydaoßh fmkakqï

l<d h' uqyïuoa kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=udKka j*d;a ù wnqnlal¾

r<sh,a,dyq wkayq ;=udKka l,S*d f,i moú m%dma; jQ úg uq;kíìjre o ^jHdc

kìjreka& uq¾;oajreka o ^bia,duh w;yer .sh wh& l,n, we;s lrkakg jQ neúka

Tjqkag úreoaO j hudud kï ia:dkfha§ igkla isÿ úh' tys § w,a l=¾wdkh jk

fmd;a l< yd*s,ajre wêl f,i IySoa jQy' fï ksid w,a l=¾wdkh ke;s ù hehs

foda hk ìh Wu¾ r<sh,a,dyq wkayq ;=udKkayg we;s úh' t;=ud l,S*d ;=udg w,a

l=¾wdkh f.dkq lr ,sÅ; j ;nd .; hq;= hehs" Wmfoia ÿkafka h' l,S*d ;=ud th

uqyïuoa kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=udKka isÿ fkdl< ls%hdjla hehs mjid

m%:ufhka miqng jQfha h' kuq;a ;;a;ajh wjfndaO lrf.k thg tl`. jqfKa h' tu

j.lSu z ihsoa bíkq idì;a r<sh,a,dyq wkayq ;=udf.a kdhl;ajfhka hq;a lñgqjlg

mjrk ,È' Tyq o wdrïNfha § miqng ù miq j j.lSfuka hq;= j ls%hd lr tu fiajh

bgq lf<a h'

77

t;=ud uiaðÿka knúfha fodrgqfõ fofokl= ròjd" uqyïuoa kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys

ji,a,ï ;=udKkaf.a ld,fha ,shk ,o ;uka w;r we;s l=¾wdka mdG ,shQ øjH

f.keú;a idlaIs iys; j Ndr fok f,i ±kqï ÿkafka h' tf,i f.k tk ,o øjH

ishqï f,i wOHhkhg ,la lf<a h' tu lñgqj tAjd mßËd l<y' lvodisj, ,shd

l,S*d ;=ud fj; Ndr ÿkay' l,S*d ;=ud th —uqiay*a˜ hkqfjka kï lf<a h' th

wdrïN ld,fha l,S*d wnqnlal¾ r<sh,a,dyq wkayq ;=ud Ndrfha ;nd" miq j t;=udf.a

j*d;fhka miq l,S*d Wu¾ r<sh,a,dyq wkayq fj; Ndr lrk ,È' Wu¾ r<sh,a,dyq

wkayq ;=ud th ;u ÈhKsh jk yd uqyïuoa kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï

;=udKkaf.a ìßò jk y*aid r<sh,a,dyq wkayq ;=ñh fj; Ndr lf<a h'

kodrd (- w,a l=¾wdkh f.dkq lsÍfï B<`. mshjr" l,S*d Wiaudka r<sh,a,dyq wkayq

;=udf.a ld,fha isÿ úh' t;=udf.a ld,fha wd¾fïkshd" wi¾nhscdka hk m%foaYj,

uqia,sï cd;slfhda igkaj, ksr; fjñka isáhy' fiakdj brdlfha yd Idï foaYfha

isáhy' Tjqyq w,a l=¾wdkh mdrdhkh lrk úg úúOdldrfhka mdrdhkh l<y'

tmuKla fkdj ;u mdrdhk rgdj ksjerÈ hhs ;¾l l<y' fuh yqfohs*d w,a

hudks r<sh,a,dyq wkayq ;=ud wjOdrKh lf<a h' hqoaOh wjika ù u§kdjg .sh

jyd u w,a l=¾wdkfha kñka uqia,sïjreka fNao fkdúh hq;= h" hk woyi bÈßm;a

lr igfka § isÿ jQ foa l,S*d ;=udg f.kyer ±lajQfha h' IdïfoaYjdiSka yd brdl

foaYjdiSka tl u w,a l=¾wdkh fjkia wdldrfhka mdrdhkh lsÍug fya;=j l=ula

o" hk mekh Tng isf;kakg mq`¿jk' tl, tla tla f.da;s%lfhda tlsfklg fjkia

jQ wrdì NdIdj,g mqreÿ ù isáhy' tu ksid tu NdId jHjydrfha WÉpdrKh úúO

úh' tfy;a w¾:h úúO fkdù h' tneúka uqyïuoa kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï

;=udfKda ;u ;ukaf.a WÉpdrKhg wkqj w,a l=¾wdkh mdrdhkh lsÍug wkque;sh

,nd ÿkay'

Wuhs¾ (- yqfohs*d w,ahudks r<sh,a,dyq wkayq ;=udf.a meñKs,a,g ijka ÿka l,S*d

;=ud jyd u ls%hd;aul úh' ihsoa ìka idì;a r<sh,a,dyq wkayq ;=udf.a kdhl;ajh

hgf;a l=ffrhsIsjrekaf.ka iukaú; lñgqjla m;a lf<a h' l,S*d ;=ud Tjqkaf.ka

l=ffrhsIsjrekaf.a WÉpdrK jHjydrhg wkqj w,a l=¾wdkh msgm;a lrk f,i

b,a,d isáfha h' Tjqyq wnq nlal¾ r<sh,a,dyq wkayq ;=udf.a ld,fha uqiay*A o"

l=ffrhsIsjrekaf.a WÉpdrKh o wjOdkhg ,la lrñka msgm;a wgla ilia l<y'

tAjd tla tla m<d;aj,g hjkq ,enq‚' tu msgm;a iu. l=ffrhsIsjrekaf.a jHjydrhg

mdrdhkh l< yels ldßjreka o heõfõ h' ta iu. u —ñka miq tu ldßjreka fia u

mdrdhkh l< hq;= h" hkak;a tjk ,o msgm; n,d ,shd .; hq;= h" hkak;a ^fmr

;snqKq& wfkla msgm;a ish,a, .sksn;a l< hq;= h˜ hkak;a wK lf<a h' fï ksid

ish¨ fokd u w,a l=¾wdkh tl u wdldrhg mdrdhkh lrk ;;a;ajhla we;s úh'

tu ksid Wiaudka r<sh,a,dyq wkayq ;=ud zcdñW,a l=¾wdkaZ hkqfjka y÷kajkq ,enq‚'

t;=udf.a ld,fha w,a l=¾wdka msgm; zuqiay*a WiaudksZ hkqfjka y÷kajkq ,eî h'

78

.=rejrhd (- fuf;la fj,d ijka ÿka ixjdoh ;=<ska Tn w,a l=¾wdkh my< lrk

,o yd f.dkq lrk ,o wdldrh ms<snò jgyd .kak we;s' fï ms<snò w,a,dyq ;wd,d

mjid we;s foa o ±k .; hq;= h'

—ksh;jYfhka u isysm;a lsÍu w,a l=¾wdka& my< lf<a wm h' ksh; jYfhka

u th wdrËd lrkafkda wms u h'˜ ^15(09&

fï ms<snò j fjk;a úia;r wjYH kï úuikak' iyNd.S jQ ish¨ fokdg u

ia;+;shs' czidl,a,dyq fflrdwNHdi

01' my; wrdì moj, isxy, w¾:h ,shd olajkak'

1' iQrd

2' wdh;a

3' uqiay*a Wiaudks

4' l=;a;dnq,a jyS

5' blar#

6' ;¾;Snqka kqziQ,a

7' ldÍ l=¾rd

8' uq¾;oa

9' uq;kíì

10' jyS u;a¨õ

02' uqyïuoa i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=udg m%:u jyS my< ùfï isÿùu

,shd olajkak'

03' wnq nlal¾ r<sh,a,dyq wkayq ;=udf.a ld,fha § w,a l=¾wdkh f.dkq lsÍug

fya;=j úia;r lrkak'

04' Wiaudka r<sh,a,dyq wkayq ;=udj —cdñW,a l=¾wdka˜ hk kdufhka weu;Sug

fya;=j úia;r lrkak'

05' w,a l=¾wdkh f.dkq lsÍfuys ,d ihsoa bíkq idì;a r<sh,a,dyq wkayq ;=udf.a

odhl;ajh úia;rd;aul j ,shd olajkak'

79

bia,dufha w,al=¾wdkh g miqj fojk uQ,dY%hh jYfhka iqkak;a îqkakd&

ye`Èkaúh yels h' kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=udf.a Ôú;h iy m%ldY

iqkak;a hkqfjka ks¾jpkh l< yels h' iqkak;a zy§iaZ hkqfjka o jHjydr lrkq

,efí' iqkak;a bia,dufha uQ,sl uQ,dY%hhla f,i w,a l=¾wdkh iy iqkakdj iaÓrj

m%ldY lr we;'

iqkak;a ms<sn| w,a l=¾wdkfha i|yka lreKq

^kì ;=uks ck;djg mjikakg& Tn,d i;H jYfhkau w,a,dyq ;wd,d

flfrys Nla;shla we;af;a kï ud wkq.ukh lrkak túg w,a,dyq ;wd,d Tn

flfrys ohdj wdorh olajkq we;' Tn,df.a mdm l¾u j,g Tyq iudj fokq we;'

w,a,dyq ;wd,d iudj §fï iy wiSñ; wdorh fmkaùfï È m%uqL ia:dkfha isáhs'

^3'31&

flfkla w,a,dyq ;wd,df.a ¥;hd wkq.ukh lrkafka o Tyqg w,a,dya

;wd,d f.a wdksYxi ,enkafka h' ^4'80&

wmf.a ¥;hd wmg ,nd ÿka foh Tn ys;g wjxl j ,nd .kak' Tyq l=uk

fohska j,lsk f,i Wmfoia ÿkafka o Tn tajdhska j<lskak' ^59'07&

iqkak;a ys jeo.;alu

16

80

iqkak;a ms<sn| y§iaj, i|yka lreKq

i;HjYfhka u udf.a w,a,dya ;wd,d ug ,nd ÿka Wmfoiaj,ska Tn fkdo;a

foa ug foaYkd lrk f,i ug Wmfoia § we;' ûqia,sï&

uu Tn,d fj; ldrKd folla yer hñ' th Tn ksishdldr j wkq.ukh lrk

f;la Tn lsis u úgl fkdu. hkafka ke;' tajd kï w,a l=¾wdkh iy udf.a

iqkak;a" ûqj;a;d&ud ksis f,i wkq.ukh l< wh iaj¾.hg hdu ksh; fõ' wka wh

m%;slafIam fj;s' ^ffnylss& jeks y§ia iqkak;a wkq.ukh l< hq;= hehs ;rfha lshd

isáhs' tu ksid w,a l=¾wdkh —jys u;a¨õ˜hkqfjka o iqkakdj —jys yhsre u;a¨õ˜

hkqfjka o y`ÿkajkq ,efnkafka fuksid h'

w,a l=¾wdkh fndfyda ia:dkj, ^ls;dí& .%ka:h hk jpkh;a yslaud

^×kh& hk jpkh;a iïnkaO lr lshkq ,efí' tu

¥;hd Tjqkag w,a,dyq ;wd,d f.a jpk mdrdhkd lr

fmkajd Tyq mdßY=oaO lr Tyqg wd.u iy ×kh ^yslaud&

W.kajk ,È' ^62'2& by; iòyka jQ ×kh hk jpkh

iqkakdj y`ÿkajk nj id*sB ryau;=,a,dys wff,ys ;=ud

i,lhs˜' ug w,a l=¾wdkh iy Bg iud.dó j ;j;a fohla

ms<s.kajk ,È˜ hk y§ih tA i|yd Tyq Wmfhda.s lrf.k

we;'

w,a l=¾wdkh iy iqkak;a hk fol tlska tl u;

rÞ mj;sk mßmQ¾K fldgia folla h' w,a l=¾wdkh iy

iqkakdj fmd;la yd tu fmd; w÷f¾ § lshùug rel=,la jk wdf,dalhg iudk lr

we;' tu ksid iqkak;a u.yer w,a l=¾wdkh f;areï .ekSug fyda l%shdfõ fhoùug

fyda kS;s ilia lsÍug fkdyels h'

fï ms<sn| ksoiqka lSmhla n,uq' w,a l=¾wdkh i,d;h ksis mßÈ wkq.

ukh lrk f,i u. fmkajhs' tkuq;a i,d;h flfia wkq.ukh l< hq;= o hkak

iqkak;a u.ska meyeÈ, s lrhs' i,d;a bgq l< hq;= l%ufõo ms<snò j iúia;r j iqkakdj

u.ska meyeÈ,s lrhs'

tla wjia:djl bïrdka ìka yqfiaka r<sh,a,dyq wkayq ;=ud fj; flfkla

wdfõ h' wmg w,a l=¾wdkh yer fjk;a lsisjla mjikak tmd hehs lS h' Tyq ;ud

iómhg leòjQ bïrdka r<sh,a,dyq wkayq ;=ud w,a l=¾wdkfha y¾ i,d;hg rldw;a

y;rla ;sfnk nj lshkjd o l#ndj y;a jrla ;jd*a lrkak ´kE lshd ;sfhkjd

o@ i*d iy u¾jd hk ia:dk fol w;r —iB˜ lrkak ´kE lshd ;sfnkjd o@ hehs

wid iqkak;ays jeo.;alu yqfola meyeÈ,s lf<a h'

81

;j;a flfkla wíÿ,a,d bnqkq Wu¾ r<sh,a,dyq wkayq ;=ud fj; liare cïW

hk i,d;h w,a l=¾wdkfha meyeÈ,s lr ;sfí o@ hkak weiS h' túg ifydaorhd

w,a,dya ;wd,d wmg uqyïuoa i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=ud wmf.a ¥;hd jYfhka

tjd we;' t;=ud fiau wms lrkafkuq hehs lS h' ûqj;a;d&

tfuka u kS;s iïmdokhg o iqkak;a wjYHh ù we;' tfia u fidrlug

o~qju w; lemSu hkqfjka w,a l=¾wdkfha iòyka lr we;' kuq;a iqkak;aj,ska

l=vd orejka udkisl frda.Ska jeks whg fuu o~qju ,sys,a lr we;' ta jf.a u

fidrlfï jákdlu wkqj o~qju fjkia úh yel' ue‚lalgqj olajd w; bj;a l<

yels h' ;j o wdydr øjH fidrlï l<d kï fuu o~qju ls%hd;aul l< fkdyels h'

fujeks úúO ls%hdodu ms<snò úia;r iqkak;a u.ska ,nd .; yels h' ;j o ckhd

i,d;h ild;a *s;a¾" byardï we£u jeks oE ms<snò úia;r iqkak;a u.ska ,nd .;

yels h'

iqkak;a wdrCId lr .ekSu iòyd iydndjre" ;dìBkajre" iy bka miq j

meñKs iudcj, lemùu ukdj meyeÈ,s fjhs' iydndjre úiska y§ia ish,a, ksjerÈ j

lgmdvï lrk ,È' wCIr ms<sn| ±kqu we;s wh tajd ,shd wdrCId lf<da h' Tjqyq

±k.;a y§ia ish,a, idlaIs iys;j ms<s.ekajQfjda h¦ y§ia wkqj l%shd lf<da h'

wkd.; iudchg y§ia odhdo lsÍu iòyd úoaj;=ka fj;g .sfhda h¦ jHdc y§iaj,ska

ksjerÈ y§ia y`ÿkd fjka lr .ekSug fkdfhla m¾fhaIKj, fhÿfKda h¦ y§ia

.%ka: ks¾udKh lf<da h¦ m%Yakhla we;s jQ wjia:dj, y§ia wdOdrfhka ks.ukhlg

meñKsfhda h'

by; iòyka ls%hdÞu ;=< iqkak;ays jeo.;alu wjfndaO lrf.k wm tÈfkod

Ôú;fha wkq.ukh l< hq;= hym;a mqreÿ yqre fjuq'

ls%hdldrlï (-

1' iqkak;a bia,dufha uQ,sl uQ,dY%hhla njg ;sfnk lreKq meyeÈ,s lrkak'

2' iqkakdj wdrCId lsÍug úoaj;=ka wkq.ukh l< ls%hdÞu ms<sn| meyeÈ,s lrkak'

3' iqkak;a fkdue;sj w,a l=¾wdkh meyeÈ,s l< fkdyels h" hk f;audj lreKq

iys;j meyeÈ,s lrkak'

82

uqia,sï flfkla wd.ñl kS;sÍ;sj,g wkql+, j Ôj;a ùu wkssjd¾h fõ'

tfia Ôj;a ùug wkq.ukh l< hq;= m%Odk uQ,dY% f,i w,a l=¾wdkh iy iqkakdj

hk fol ie,fla' fuu m%Odk uQ,dY%h fol ;=< f,dalh wjidkh olajd t<fUk ish u

.eg¨j,g úiÿï fidhd .; yels uQ,sl isoaOdka; .eí ù we;' fïjd Wmfhda.S

fldg ks¾udKh l< uQ,dY%h Wmldrl uQ,dY%h fjhs' fï ;=< .eí ù we;s uQ,dY%h

fol kï bÊudW yd lshdia fjhs'

bÊudW

bÊudW kï wrdì jofka ks¾jpkh tluq;= lsÍu hs" iaÓr;ajhg t<öu ;=<

talu;sl ;SrKhg wj;S¾K ùu hs'

fï wkqj bia,dóh jHjydrfha § bÊudW ztalu;sl ;SrKhZ f,i ye`Èkaúh

yels h' bÊudW kS;s uQ,dY%hhla f,i wkq.ukh l< yels njg w,a l=¾wdkh iy

iqkakdj hk foflka bvlv i,id we;'

1' hï flkl= hy u. .ek ;udg wjfndaO jQ miq j o w,a,dyaf.a fuu ¥;hd

.ek fkd;ld uq#ñkajre fkdhk u. .uka lf<d;a Tyq hk u. hkak § wmdhg o

hdug bv yßuq' th b;d u Nhdkl ia:dkhls' ^4(115&

2' w,a,dyq;a ;wd,d udf.a iudch fkdu. hdug fkdyßhs' ^;s¾ñÈ&

bÊudW hkqfjka y`ÿkajkqfha kì r<sh,a,dyq wkayq ;=udf.a wNdjfhka miq

mek kef.k wd.ñl .eg¨ w,a l=¾wdkfha iy iqkakdfõ iòyka fkdjQ wjia:dj,

§ tjlg Ôj;a jQ uqÊ;ySoajreka úiska talu;sl j t<fUk ;SrK fõ'

iydh uQ,dY%h

17

83

fuu lreKq fya;= fldg f.k (-

³ uqia,sï iudch fkdu. hdfuka je<lS ;sfí'

³ uq#óka jrekaf.a u. tAlu;slj ;SrKh jQ u. fõ'

³ talu;sl ;SrKhg wjk; fkdùu w,a,dyaf.a ¥;hd msgq ±lSug

iudk fõ'

³ w,a,dyaf.a ¥;hd iy uq#ñkajre msgqolsñka yqol,d u. .uka

lrkakd wmdhg f.dv fjhs'

fï .ek ie,lSfï § bÊudW b;d u jeo.;a kS;s uQ,dY%hhla f,i fmkS hkq ,efí'

bÊudW ms<sf.k ta u. .uka lrkakdg hym;la isÿ fjhs'

1' iudcfha iu.sh /flhs'

2' iudcfha yslaóu ì| fkdjefghs'

3' tlsfkldg Woõ Wmldr ,nd .ekSfï wjldYh ie,fihs'

uqÊ;ysoajreka bÊudW úúO wxYj,g fnÞ meyeÈ,s lr we;' tajdhska jeo.;a

hehs ie,flk lsysmhla my; ±lafjhs'

1' bÊudWia iÍya (-

meyeÈ,s bÊudW hkqfjka fuh ye`Èkaúh yels h' ksYaÑ; ld,hl § Ôj;a j isák

ish¨ u uqÊ;ysoajreka talu;sl ;SrKhlg t<UqKq nj Tjqkaf.a jd.a ud,dj,ska

fy<s jQ úg tu ;SrKh fufia y`ÿkajkq ,efí' fuh —bÊudW,a fl!,s˜ hkqfjka o

ye¢kafjhs'

2' bÊudW,A wlAirshAhd (-

nyq;rhlf.a ;SrKhg fufia lshkq ,efí' hï .eg¨jl § uqÊ;ysoajreka

nyq;rhlf.a ;SrKh fuhska m%ldY fõ'

3' bÊudWia iql+;s (-

ksYaYío jQ bÊudW hkqfjka fuh ye`Èkafjhs' ksYaÑ; ld, iSudjla ;=<

Ôj;a jk uqÊ;ySoa jrekaf.ka flkl=f.a fyda t<fUk ;SrKhlg leue;a; fyda

wlue;a; m%ldY fkdlr ksy`vj isàug fufia lsj yels h' fuu ;SrKh ksjerÈ

hehs ks.ukhlg meñKsh fkdyels nj budï Id*sB ryau;=,a,dys wff,ys ;=ud

m%ldY lrhs' ud,sla uoaynhg wh;a nyq;rhla úoaj;ayq fuh ksjerÈ hehs mji;s'

84

lshdia

kùk uQ,dY%hj,ska wêl f,i Wmfhda.S lr.kakd" ls%hdjg k`.k tla

uQ,dY%hhla f,i ie,lsh yel' fuys ks¾jpkh wrdì NdIdfjka iiòd ne,Su iy

wkqudk lsÍu jeks wre;aj,ska Ndú; fõ' w,a l=¾wdkh yd iqkakdfjys i|yka

fkdjk .eg¨jla u;= jQ úg th w,a l=¾wdkfha iqkakdfjys ;SrKh fyda úi÷u

i|yka jQ .eg¨jla iu. ii|d n,d tu ;SrKh fyda úiÿu kj .eg¨jg úiÿula

f,i Ndú; lsÍu fuu jpkfhka ms<sìUq fõ' tkï bia,dóh .eg¨j, § ks.ukhlg

t<ôh fkdyels w¨;a .eg`¿jla kï th w,a l=¾wdkh iy iqkakd hk fol u

Wmfhda.S lrf.k ,nd.;a ;SrKh kj .eg¨ j,g o fhduq lsÍu hs' fufia ;SrK

.ekSfï § tluq;=lula ms<sìUq úh hq;= h'

lshdia my; iòyka wkque;sh ,;a uQ,sl lreKq y;rg iSud ù ;sfí' fïjd

—w¾ldkq,a lshdia˜ hkqfjka y`ÿkajkq ,efí'

1' w,a wia,a (-

óg fmr ;SrKh fok ,o .eg¨jg fufia mjihs' Wod( ñkSurejdg Wreula

ldrfhla úh fkdyels h' ^;s¾ñÈ& hkqfjka kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=ud

mjid we;' mrïmrd.; odhdohla ,eîug ysñlï we;s mqoa.,hd tu nQo,h ysñ lre

>d;khlr we;a kï Tyqg ysñ foam<ys ysñlu ,eîug whs;shla fkdue;'

2' w,a *rW (-

w,a l=¾wdkh fyda iqkakdfõ fyda bÊudfõ fyda ;SrKh fkdolajd we;s

;SrKh .; hq;= j ksrdlrKh fkdjQ .eg¨j fufia y`ÿkajkq ,efí' WodyrK

jYfhka —jiSh;a˜ tkï wka;su leue;af;ka foam< ysñ jk mqoa.,hd foam< ,nd

fok jiSh;a lrk ,o mqoa.,hdj >d;kh lr we;akï jiSh;a ,o mqoa.,hdg foam<

ysñ úh hq;= o" hkak ks.ukhlg t,U fkdue;s .eg¨jls'

3' w,a b,a,;a (-

.eg¨ folla w;r ;sfnkakd jQ fmdÿ .=Kdx. fyda fmdÿ lreKq b,a,;a kï

fjhs' by; wjia:d fofla § u we;s fmdÿ .=Kdx.h jkqfha foam< ,nd .ekSug we;s

yÈiaish fõ'

4' w,a yql=ï (-

w,a l=¾wdka iy iqkakdfjka ,nd .;a ;SrKh fufia y`ÿkajhs' uqo,a ,nd

.ekSug >d;khg fhduq jQ orejkag tu foam< ,nd fkdÈh hq;= hehs yql=ï mjihs'

by; i|yka lreKqj,g wkqj blaukska foam< ,nd .ekSfï fÉ;kdfjka

jiSh;a l< mqoa.,hd >d;kh lsÍu ksid >d;lhdg jia;= ysñ jkafka ke;"hk

;SrKh ,nd fohs' fuh lshdia uQQ,sl lr f.k .;a ;SrKhla fjhs' lshdia kS;s

85

uQ,dY%hhla f,i ie,lsh yels njg fndfyda idOl ;sfí' tajdhska ;=kla my;

±lafõ'

1' yÊ jdðí jQ urKhg m;a jQ mshd fjkqfjka yÊ l< yels o" hkqfjka

ldka;djla weiS h' —Tnf.a mshd Khla fokak ;snqK flkl=g tu Kh uqo, Tn

f.õfjd;a Tfí mshdg th m%fhdckj;a fjhs o" hkqfjka kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys

ji,a,ï ;=ud weiS h' túg tu ldka;dj zTõZlSjd h' tfia kï w,a,dyq ;wd,dg

f.ùug we;s Kh f.ùu jvd WÑ; fõZZ hkqfjka kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï

;=ud mejiS h'

2' iydndjre fkdfhla wjia:dj, lshdia uQ,dY%hh lrf.k fkdfhla

;SrKj,g t<ôhy' WodyrK jYfhka kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=ud

frda.d;=r j isák wjia:dfõ i,d;hg budï jYfhka wnqnlal¾ r<sh,a,dyq wkayq

;=ud lghq;= lf<a h' t;=udf.a tu ls%hdj uq,a lrf.k iydndjreka kì i,a,,a,dyq

wff,ys ji,a,ï;=udf.a wNdjfhka miq l,S*d jYfhka Tyq m;a lf<da h' úpËK

nqoaêh lshdia jkafka h' tkï w,a l=¾wdkh u;ameka yrdï lr ;sfí' tkuq;a ta

jf.a fyda Bg;a jvd krl foaj,a .ek iòyka ù ke;' lshdia fkdms<s.kafka kï

u;ameka muKla yrdï fjhs' tkuq;a úpËK nqoaêh ;=<ska ish¨ u u;aøjH yrdï

jYfhka ye`Èkaúh yels h'

ukqIH iudch Èfkka Èk úúO fCIa;% ;=<ska ÈhqKq fjñka mj;s' fuu

ÈhqKqj kj .eg¨ ìys lsÍug o fya;= úh' tajdg o ksis ms<s;=re w,a l=¾wdkfha

iy iqkakdfjys oelafjhs' tu ksid tajdfha wdf,dalfhka fuu m%Yak j,g ;SrK

.ekSug wjYH ù we;'

thg Wmfhda.S jk jeo.;a uQ,dY%hhla f,i lshdia m;a fõ' tf,i bia,duh ish¨

u ld,j,g wÞ, .eg¨ j,g ms<s;=re §ug lshdia buy;a Wmldrhla ù we;'

bÊudW iy lshdia yer fjk;a uQ,dY%h yhla my; ±lafjhs'

tajd kï (¡

1' bia;syaidka

2' bia;siaydí

3' bia;sia,dya ûia,yd uq¾i,d&

4' W¾*a

5' wIaIrdbWia idìld

6' lõïa iydì

iuia;hla jYfhka uQ,dY%h ish,a, kS;s fCIa;%fha mek k.sk .eg¨j,g

úi÷ï ,nd .ekSug Wmldr jkjd fuka u ish¨ ld, jljdkqj,g bia,duh

kuHYS,sNdjhla olajhs" hkakg idlaIs orhs'

86

wNHdi

1' bÊudW hkq l=ula o@

2' bÊudW j, j¾. y`ÿkajkak'

3' bÊudWfjys m%fhdck folla fmkajd fokak'

4' —lshdia˜ wjYH jkafka wehs ±hs meyeÈ,s lrkak'

5' Wmldrl uQ,dY%h ish,a, fm<.iajkak'

87

wrdìlrh ngysr wdishdfõ" W;=rg isßhd ldka;drh o" ol=Kg wrdì uqyqo o"

ngysrg r;= uqyqo o" kef.kysrg m¾ishdj o udhsï j msysgd we;' tu m%foaYhg

bia,dï O¾uh y`ÿkajd fokq ,enQ ld,jljdkqj cdys,shshd ld,h hkqfjka

ye`Èkafjhs' —cdys,shshd˜ ld,h nqoaêh iy udkqIsl;ajfhka f;dr jQ ld,h ls' foaj

u. fmkaùug mgyeks j cSjk l%uh ;snQ ld,h hk wre; o tu jokg we;' fï

;;a;ajh wrdìlrfha muKla fkdj wka rgj, o olakg ,enqfKA h'

iudch

wrdìlrfha f.da;% iajrEmfhka hq;a iudchla olakg ,eìKs' mjq,a lsysmhla taldnoaO

ù Y=W!í ^fmdl=r& ;ekqfKa h' fuu fmdl=re lsysmhla taldnoaO ù lî,d ^f.da;%&

úh' fuu f.da;%h —ffYl=˜ hk kñka hq;= kdhlhl= úiska md,kh lrk ,È' fï

yer tys úêu;a md,k l%uhla olakg ;snqfKa ke;' wrdìlrfha fN!;sl ;;a;ajh

fujeks iudc jHqyhla f.dvke.Sug fya;= jqfha hehs lsj yels h'

wrdìlrfha bia,dï jHdma;sh

18

wrdìhdj

88

wrdìlrfha iSñ; iïm;a iy nyq, wjYH;d olskakg ,enqfKa h' t`¿jka

we;s lsÍfï ld¾hfhys fhÿKq Tjqkag ;K fld<j,g iy c,hg w`v onr ùug

isÿ úh' ta iòyd ;uka Yla;su;a ùfï fÉ;kdfjka Tjqyq f.da;s%l j fm< .eiqKy'

l#ndj mßmd,kh l< l=ffrIs f.da;%slfhda Wiia l=,hg wh;a jQy' Tjqyq fjf<|dï

lghq;= j, fh§ isáfhda h'

ld,hla .; ù hdfï § f.da;% ixúOdk n,j;a yd wka;jd§ ;;a;ajhlg

m;a úh' iEu mqrjeishl= u f.da;%hl idudðlfhla úh' Tjqyq ;u ;ukaf.a f.da;%

j¾Okhg lem jQy' fuh —wiìhshd˜ fkdfyd;a f.da;% yeÕSï f,i ye¢kafjhs' ish¨

u wjia:dj, f.da;%hg úYajikSh f,i yeisÍu mqreoaola úh' th lv lrk wh

iudcfhka fldka fj;s'

tu iudcfha b;d u iq`¿ jrolg mjd §¾>ld,Sk igka mej;=‚' tla;rd

f.da;%hlg wh;a Tgqfjla ;j;a f.da;%hlg wh;a j;a;l lE w;r W!g myr §

ll=,la leãu fya;= fldg f.k igka §¾> ld,Skj mej;=‚' tfiau wjqia liarÊ

jeks f.da;% w;r .egqï §¾> ld,Skj mej;=Ks' hqoaO lsÍu iòyd hqoaOhg wjeis

yeÕSï wdfrdamKh i|yd msßñ wh wjYH úh' hqoaOhg fm<Uùu;a mj;ajdf.k

hdug;a" lsÍug;a lúhka wjYH úh' tu ksid msßñ <uqka yd" lúhka fjkqfjka

W;aij meje;aú‚' msßñ <uqka l=vd l, isg hqo mqyqKqj ,eîu wksjd¾h úh'

wd.u

tl, wrdìlrfha ck;dj hyu. heùfï wd.ï lsisjla fkd;snqKs' wd.ula

f,i ls%hd;aul jQfha ixialD;sl wx. lsysmhls' ulalfï tl u foúhka jk w,a,dyq

;wd,d keu§ug bn%dysï wff,ysiai,fï ;=ud úiska bÈ lrk ,o l#ndj ;snqfKa h'

tfy;a tys mdßY=oaO;ajh flf,iS ;snq‚' tys ì;=is;=jï ks¾udKh lrk ,È' msßñ

iy .eyekq wh ks¾ji;%j ^;jd*a& hdÉ[d lf<da h' Tjqqyq uqIaÍlajre jYfhka u

Ôj;a jQy' Tjqkaf.a foaj Nla;sh jHdc úh' w,a,dya foúhl= ^rínq& jYfhka úYajdi

lf<da h' kuq;a tAl foaj jdoh ms<s.;af;a ke;'

—wyfia isg iy fmd<fõ isg Tng wdydr imhkafka ljqo@ ^Tnf.a& oDIaÀh

iy Y%jK yelshdfõ mru whs;slre ljqo@ mK we;s îÔú& fohska mK ke;s ^wÔú&

oE msg lrkafka o ^wÔú& mK ke;s fohska îÔú& mK we;s oE msg lrkafkao ljqo@

^f,dalfha& ish¨ foa úêu;a j l%shd lrjkafka ljqo@ hkqfjka ^kì;=uKs Tn&

wikak' thg Tjqyq w,a,dya hkqfjka lshhs' tfia kï Tyqg Tn ìh úh hq;= keoao @

hkqfjka wikak"˜ ^10(31& hk w,a l=¾wdka jelsh fuh meyeÈ,s lrhs'

wdíryd l#ndj ì`§ug meñKs úg l#ndfõ foúfhda th n,d .kshs" hk

l=ffrIsjrekaf.a ye`.Su fuhg lÈu ksoiqkls' fudjqyq foúhka w,a,dya& f.a ¥;hka

jYfhka my, isák l=vd foúhka m;a lr .;ay' fuh —wm w,a,dya fj; jvd;a

89

iómlrùug ñi wms tu foújre jkaokd lf<a ke;˜ ^hkqfjka mji;s& ^39(3&

hkqfjka w,a l=¾wdkfha i|yka fõ'

iEu jirla mdid u Y=oaO jQ udij, l#ndjg ne;su;ayq meñfK;s' tu ksid

tA m%foaY W;aijdldrfhka yevjQfha h' tu ld,h ;=< fjf<| fmd< mj;ajk

,È' tys u,a,j fmdr ;r`. iy .dhk ;r`. meje;aú‚' tu ;r`.j,ska Èkk .S;

l#ndfõ m%o¾Ykhg ;eî h' .dhlfhda f.!rjhg md;% jQy' tu ksid wrdì NdIdj

idys;Huh jYfhka ire úh' tu .S; yd lú miqld,Sk j f,aLk.; úh' ziíw

uqw,a,ld;aZ fïjdhska jeo.;a ;ekla bis,S h'

mjq,

ia;%S msßñ fomd¾Yjh ;=< iu;=,s;;djla fkdfmkqK ksid úêu;a mjq,a

mßirhla o fkdù h' újdy lghq;= mjd wjq,aiy.; ;;a;ajhl ;snqfKA h' by<

fmf<a f.da;%j, —ksldya IÍya˜ hkqfjka cd;sl újdy moaO;shla olakg ,enqfKa h'

fuys § ldka;dfjda f.!rjfhka i,lkq ,enQy'tkuq;a wka f.da;%j, úúO whqßka

újdyh isÿ lsÍu olakg ,enqfKa h'

mqreIhskag nyq Nd¾hdjka isá w;ru ldka;djkag o nyq iajdñ mqreIfhda

isáfhdah' mshdf.a Nd¾hdj o mshdf.a wNdjfhka miq mq;d újdy lr .;af;a h'

—uq;awd˜ hkqfjka ;djld,sl újdy l%uhla o ;snqfKa h' mshd ljq±hs uj úiska y`ÿkajd

fok ,È' iaÓr jdiia:dkhla fkdue;s ksid Tjqkaf.a Ôú;fha YsIAg l%ufõohla

fkdfmkqfKa h' tys § fkdfhla wmrdO isÿ úh' f.da;% uq,a lrf.k ck;dj ;=< Wiia my;a fNao olakg ,enq‚' hqo isrlrejka f,i w,a,d .;a wh iy uqo,a § ,nd.;a wh jy¨ka jYfhka ie,l=fjda h' Tjqka ydïmq;=kag Wmhd §fï l%ufõohla mej;s kuq;a Tjqkag lsis u whs;sjdislula fkd,enqfKa h'

;j o msßñ .eyekq w;r Wiia my;a fNaohla olakg ,enqfKa h' ldka;djkag ;u whs;sjdislï fndfyduhla wysñ úh' or /ia lsÍu" wdydr msiSu" c,h /f.k tau" lsßfoùu" kQ,a f.;Su" <uhska /ln,d .ekSu hkdÈ jevj, Tjqyq fhÿKy' iuyr f.da;%j, .eyekq orejka mKmsáka j, ±ófï mqreoaola o ;snq‚'

yeisÍu

>d;kh" u;aøjH" fmd<sh" ia;S% ¥IK" m<s.ekSï" uxfld,a, jeks ls%hd

fuys § nyq, j ;snq‚' tkuq;a tajd wfYdaNk ls%hd f,i fkdj f.!rjŒh

ls%hd f,i ie,l=fKA h' ;u urKfhka miq iqrd iQÿ jeks mqreÿ ke;s wh

kej; újdy lr .kak tmd hehs mejiQ mqj;la o ;snq‚' b;d u iq`¿ msßila

fujeks mdm ls%hdj,ska ñ§ isáfhda h' ta jf.a u NdId ksmqK;ajh ksoyia

wdl,am" fmdfrdkaÿ lv fkdlsÍu" wd.ka;=l i;aldr" ffO¾hh" ir, nj" jeks

.;s.=K o olakg ,enqfKa h' fïjd miqld,Sk j bia,dufha j¾Okhg rel=,la úh'

fujeks iudchla ;=< bia,duh y`ÿkajd fok ,È' kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï

;=ud fuu iudch w,a,dyaf.a m%Yxidjg ,la jQ iudchla njg m;a lf<A h'

90

wNHdi

1' my; iòyka jpkj, f;areu ,shkak'

I& cdys,shshd I I& lî,d I I I& wiìhshd

I V& ffYl= V& uq;awd

2' bia,duhg fmr wrdìlrfha f.d;s%l ck iudchla mej;Sug fya;= jQ

lreKq meyeÈ,s lrkak'

3' tl, msßñ <uqka bmÿfKa kï W;aij meje;aùu ms<sn| fya;= iy.; j

meyeÈ,s lrkak'

4' tl, .dhlhkag f.!rj olajkak fya;= jQ lreKq meyeÈ,s lrkak'

5' tl, wrdì ñksiqkaf.a mej;s hym;a .;s .=K iy whym;a .;s .=K j.=

.; lrkak'

91

kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=udf.a uQ,sl wjYH;dj jkafka w,a,dya

fj;g ck;dj le|jd .ekSu hs' fuh o#jd hkqfjka fláfhka y`ÿkajkq ,efí'

kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=ud fuu ls%hdj tla jr u wdrïN lf<A ke;'

Tyq ;u 40fjks úfha w,a,dyq ;wd,df.a Wmfoia u; fuu fiajdj wdrïN lf<a h'

fuh kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=udf.a Ôú;fha jeo.;a fjkia ùula f,i

ye`Èkaúh yels h'

m%:u —jysh˜ ^ksfhda.h& ksid kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=ud ;e;s

.;af;a h' fï .ek wjfndaO lr .;a;;a tu lïmkh iïmQ¾Kfhka u my jQfha

ke;' fuu wjia:dfõ —lïmkfhka i`¿j fmdrjd isák kì ;=uksæ Tn ke.S isg

ck;djg ìh .ekajk ksfhda.hla lrkak'˜ ^74(1(2& ta f,iu wka whg;a ;udf.a

WmfoaYh /f.k hk f,i;a w,a,dya ksfhda. lf<a h'

fuh ms<s.;a kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=ud m%:ufhka ;udf.a

mjqf,a whg;a hy`¿jkag;a fuh mejiS h' miqj ;udf.a mjqf,a whg ix.%yhla

mj;ajd ;udg ,enqKq —jysh˜ .ek meyeÈ,s lf<a h' ;jo ;udg iyfhda.h fok

f,i o b,a,Sula lf<a h' bka miq —i*d˜ lkao uqÿkg ke`. y~ kÕd ck;dj leòjd

;uf.a mKsúvh meyeÈ,s lf<A h'

kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=udf.a o#jdj

iy wNsfhda.

19

92

kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=ud bÈßm;a l< fuu mKsúvh ulaldfõ

Ôj;a jQ l=ffrIsjrekag iy wka whg w¨;a fuka u ;s;a; iajrEmhla .;af;a h'

;ud tu m‚úvh hd{d j,g yd;a miska fjkia yd ;u jrm%ido wysñ lrk nj;a

l=ffrIsjre is;=fjda h'

kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=ud uq,a wjqreÿ ;=k ryis.; j

fuu o#jdj lr f.k .sfha h' tu wjia:dfõ mjqf,a fldgila iy ñ;=rkaf.

ka fldgila o" iudcfha fydò ñksiqka hehs lshk msßil=;a" —ykS*a˜ hkqfjka

y`ÿkajk ^cdys,shd iufha w,a,dya foúhka iu. fjk;a oE fkdiei÷& wh o

ydïmq;=ka úiska lrorj,g Ndckh flreKq jy¨ka f.ka fldgila o" bia,duh

ms<s.;af;da h' fudjqka yg —w¾lï˜ r<sh,a,dyq wkayq ;=udf.a ksjfia § wOHdmkh

iy wdOHd;añl mqyqKqj o ^;¾ìhd& ,nd fok ,È' fuu uq,a mdi, —odre,a w¾lï˜

hk kñka wog;a isysjgkhla f,i mj;S' ;j ÿrg;a m%isoaO m%pdrK lghq;= j,

ksr; jQ úg fkdfhl=;a wNsfhda.j,g uqyqK ÿkafkda h' wnQ,yí" wnQcya,a hk

whf.a m%Odk;ajfhka úreoaOjd§ka" msáhg wj;S¾K jQy' kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys

ji,a,ï ;=udg fndreldrhd" yQkshïldrhd" msiaid" .dhlhd" mrïmrdjla fkdue;s

flkd hkdÈ joka j,ska wj,do kÕd ;¾ckh lf<da h' Tyq fj; wjOdkh fhduq

fkdlrk f,i ck;djg wjjdo lf<a h'

bia,dï oyu áflka ál j¾Okh úh' úreoaOjd§ka kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys

ji,a,ï ;=udg YdÍßl jo ysxid lrkak mgka .;a Tjqyq t;=ud hk tk uxj, lgq

msfrõfjda h" fn,a, ;o lr yqiau isr lf<da h' Tgqjf.a l=Kq nvje,a f.k —iqcQoa˜

bßhõfõ isák wjia:dfõ ud,hla fia me<÷fjda h' m%:ufhka l=vd .,aleg j,ska

.eiqfjda h' miqj ;=jd, jk ;rug .eiqfjda h'

kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=ud muKla fkdj t;=ud iu. isá whg

o .eyekq msßñ fNaofhka f;drj iuÉp,a lf<da h' jy,a¨ fuys § ±ä f,i

ysßyerhg ,la jQy' idudkH ck;dj mjqf,a whf.ka o wka whf.ka o ysßyerj,g

,la jQy' túg kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=ud yd wka bia,dï ne;su;a;= o

m,s.ekSula fkdlr isáfhda h'

l=ffrIsjrekaf.a ;¾ckj,g tfrys j ksy`v j bjid isàug fyda úreoaO

j igka lsÍug fkdyels j kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=ud ;u ñ;=rka

—ynIdjg˜ heõfõ h' m%:ufhka kqnqõj;a 5 jk jif¾ § myf<dia fofkl= o

kqnqõj;a 7 ish fokl= jYfhka wjia:d foll § msgux lf<a h' fuh ±l fldamhg

m;a l=ffrIsjre —ynId˜ f.dia kej; Tjqka ulaldjg f.kajd .ekSug W;aidy

lf<da h' tkuq;a tu W;aidyh wid¾:l úh' hymd,lhl= jQ —kÊcdIs˜ uqia,sï

ck;djg wdrCIdj ie,iqfõ h' miqj l=ffrIsjrekaf.a úreoaO;ajh uOHfha jqj

o bia,duh je<|.;a whf.a m%udKh wêl úh' yïid r<sh,a,dyq wkayq iy Wu¾

r<sh,a,dyq wkayq ;=uKa,d bia,duh je<|.;a ksid uqia,sï ne;su;=kaf.a ffO¾hh

93

jeä úh' tkuq;a l=ffrIsjrekaf.a ;¾ckh wvq fkdù h' urKSh ;¾ckj,ska mjd

wvqjla fkdfmkqKs' kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=ud wdrCId lsÍfï ld¾hfhys

Tyqf.a f,dl= ;d;a;d kshe,S isáfha h' kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=udf.a

m%pdrK ls%hd w;aysgqjk f,i;a fkdtfia kï t;=ukaj ;uka fj; Ndrfok f,i;a

l=ffrIsjre b,a,d isáfhdah' t;=ud tajd meyer yeßfha h' N+ñhg" ldka;djkag"

rkaNdKavj,g wdYdj yd fudayh Wmoaojd kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=ud

kud .; yels nj is;=fjda h' kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=ud iïuqL j yuq

ù ;u m%pdrKh w;ayßk f,i b,a,Sï l<y' fomd¾Yajfha idlÉPdfjka ;SrKhlg

t,öug W;aidy lf<da h' fï lsisjlg;a kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=ud

ie¨fKa ke;'

tu ksid kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=udf.a mjq,aj,g iïnkaO

ydIsïjre yd uq;a;,síjre iudcfhka fldka lrkq ,enQy' l#ndfjys ;ykï ksfhda.

m;%h m%o¾Ykh lrk ,È' Is#nq wî;d,sí hkqfjka jQ ksïkfha Tjqyq jir ;=kla isr

lrkq ,enqy' lEug wdydr fyda mdkhg c,h fyda fkdue;s j Tjqyq ÿla úkafoda h'

l=vd orejkaf.a ye`ãu uòla ÿrg weiqfKa h' fuh n,d isàug fkdyels lsishï

msßila ryis.; j Woõ lf<a h' tjeks wh .ek fy<sorõ jQ úg Tjqkg o~qjï ,nd

fok ,È' fuu ÿlaÅ; Ôú;h ÿgq ;reKfhda l#ndfõ m%o¾Ykh lrk ,o ±kaùï

m;s%ld brd úkdY l<y' tu ksid kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=ud yd t;=uka

iu. jQ wfkl=;a msßig ksoyi ,enq‚'

fufia ksoyia ù iq`¿ ld,hl § ;j;a .eg¨jlg uqyqK mEug isÿ úh'

fï olajd kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=udg iyfhda.hg isá wnq;d,sí iy

lÈcd r<sh,a,dyq wkayq hk fofokd u wNdjhg m;a jQy' fuh l=ffrIsjrekag

hym;la úh' fmrg;a jvd úYd, .eg¨ j,g kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï

;=udg uqyqK fokak isÿ úh' tu ksid ulaldfõ isg ;dhs*a fj; .sfha h' tys f.da;%

kdhlhkag ;ud w,a,dyaf.a ¥;hd hkqfjka ye`ÈkajQfha h' Tjqka kì i,a,,a,dyq

wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=ud iuÉp,hg ,la lf<da h' uerjrhka fhdod .,auq,aj,ska

myr § neK jeÿfkda h' tu wjia:dfõ mjd kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=ud

tu whf.a hym; Wfoid m%¾:kd lf<A h' fjk;a l< hq;= fohla fkdue;s j kej;

ulaldjg meñK —uq;abï˜ hk whf.a msysfgka Ôj;a ùug isÿ úh'

fï wjia:dfõ § u§kd isg ^h;aÍí& ulaldjg meñKs jkaokdlrejka

iuyfrla —wlnd˜ hk ia:dkfha § kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=ud yuqjQy'

;ud w,a,dyq ;wd,df.a ¥;hd nj y`ÿkajd ÿkafka h' óg fmr hqfoõjkaf.ka wka;su

kì ;=ud ms<snò j u|la ±k isá ksid kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=udf.a

m%ldYh Tjqyq ms<s.;af;da h' —h;aÍí˜ .sh fï wh tu whg o fuu i;=gqodhl

mKsúvh lSfjda h'

94

bkamiq B<`. jkaokd iufha § fodf<dia fofklA ckfhda ulaldjg meñK

bia,duh ms<s.;ay' kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=udf.a foaYkj,g o iyNd.S

jQy' fï wh iu. h;aÍí ys bia,dï foaYkh iòyd uqiawí r<sh,a,dyq wkayq hjk

,È' B<`. jkaokd iufha § kqnqj;a 12& h;aÍí jeisfhda 72 ulaldjg meñKsh y' kì

i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï;=ud yuq ùfuka miq fmr .súiqu w¨;A lr.;Ay' fuh

—ffnw;=,a wlnd 2˜ hkqfjka ye`Èkafjhs' fï wjia:dfõ § kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys

ji,a,ï ;=udg —h;aÍí˜ fj; meñfKk f,i wdrdOkhla ,enqKs'

tu whf.a wdrdOkh ms<sf.k m%:ufhka bia,dï ne;su;ayq ulaldfõ isg

u§kdjg ysÊr;a .shy' kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=ud o fï wh iu. ysÊr;a

.sh fyd;a wmg lrorhla fõ foda hk ìhla l=ffrIsjrekag we;s úh' tuksid kì

i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=ud >d;kh lsÍug ;SrKh lf<da h' t;=udf.a ksji

jgd /ljrKh fhdod ;snQ fudfyd;l kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=udfKda

wdrCIdldÍ j t<shg weú;a wnQnlal¾r<sh,a,dyq wkayq ;=ud iu. fkdfhla ndOd

miqlrñka u§kdjg meñKshy'

kì i,a,,a,dy q wff,y s ji,a,ï ;=udf.a meñKsu;a iu. h;aÍí" —u§k;=ka

kì˜ hkqfjka ye`ÈkaúKs' fuys § ulald fõ úiq l, uqyqK §ug isÿ fkdjQ w¨;a

wNsfhda.j,g uqyqK §ug isÿ úh' l=ffrIsjreka u§kdjg .sh kì i,a,,a,dyq

wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=udg fyda uqia,sï ck;djg ksoyfia Ôj;ajkak bv yeßfha ke;'

Tjqyq u§kdfõ Ôj;a jQ hqfoõjreka uqia,sï ck;djg lror lrkak Wis .ekajQy'

u§kdfõ isg jkaokdfõ meñKs whg ;¾ckh l<y' u§kdfõ ol=Kq udhsfï § myr

§ï l<y'

Tjqyq isjqmd i;=ka w;am;a lr .;a w;r j;=j,g .sks ;enQy' wjidk jYfhka

uqia,sï ck;dj iu. hqoaO lsÍug n, fiakdj msßjrdf.k wdy' uqia,sïjreka

lsisu iQodkula fkdue;s j mdrïmßlj ,o mqyqKqj Wmfhda.S lr .ksñka igka

lf<da h' fiakd n,hla we;s l=ffrIsjre mrdchg m;a jQy' fuys § uqia,sïjrekag

u,dbldjrekaf.a Woõ ,enqfKah' bka miq uqia,sïjrekag w,a,dya .ek ±ä úYajdihla

we;s úh' fujeks igka ;=klska miq ^no¾" Wyoa" lkaola& ysÊß 6 § fomsßi u

yqffoìhd hk ia:dkfha§ idu .súiqula we;s lr .;ay' tkuq;a iq¨ ld,hl§

l=ffrIsjre .súiqu lv l<y' fkdlvjd isÿ jQ isÿùïj,ska miq ulaldj uqia,sï

ck;djf.a md,khg k;= úh' bia,dï oyu fõ.fhka jHdma; ùu werôKs'

ysÊß m<uq j¾Ifha kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=ud hqfoõjreka

iu. .súiqula we;s lr .;af;a h' kuq;a Tjqyq l=ffrIsjreka iu. ikaOdk .;

ù kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=udg úreoaO j l=uka;%K lsÍug mgka .;a

ksid u§kdfõ isg msgqjy,a lrkq ,enqy' tu ksid u§kdj ikaiqka úh' bia,dóh

wêrdcHh jHdma; ù j¾Okh úh'

95

ñka miq kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=ud bia,dóh mKsúvh ms<sn| j

hdno j ;sfnk l=vd rdcHhkag iy uyd rdcHhkag o ,sÅ; j ±kqj;a lf<a h'fï

ksid wrdìlrfhka tmsg rgj, o bia,dï me;srefKa h' kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys

ji,a,ï ;=udf.a wNdjfhka miq ld,S*djrekaf.a ld,fha bia,dóh wêrdcHh mD:q,

úh'

kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=ud ;uka fj; mejreKq foaj fufyh

wl=rg u bgq lf<a h' ;udg ysßyer l< tu ck;dj ;u mKg;a by<ska ie,l=fõ

h' t;=<ska Tjqkaf.a is;a Èkd.;af;a h' ;udg uqyqK §ug isÿ jQ wNsfhda. bjiSfuka

yd iqÿiq mßÈ yeisrùfuka t;=udfKda —bia,dï˜ O¾uh cd;Hka;r n,fõ.hla njg

m;a lf<ah'

wNHdih

1' flá ms<s;=re fokak'

(i) o#jd lsÍug m%:u ksfhda.h ,eî we;af;a l=uk iQrdfõ o @

(ii) l=ffrIsjre kì ;=udf.a o#jdjg úreoaO jQ fya;= folla iòyka

lrkak'

(iii) kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=udg úreoaO jQjka t;=ukag

mgne¢ kï lsysmhla i|yka lrkak'

(iv) kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=udg úreoaaO jQ fofofkl=f.a

kï iòyka lrkak'

(v) bia,dï ne;su;=kaf.a wdrCIdjg isá m%n,fhl=f.a kula iòyka

lrkak'

(vi) u§kdfõ merKs ku iòyka lrkak'

(vii) ffnw;=,a wlnd hkq l=ula o@

^2& kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=udf.a m%pdrh keje;aùug l=ffrIsjreka

wkq.ukh l< ls%hd ud¾. iòyka lrkak'

^3& kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=ud iy ydIsïjre iudc úfrdaOhg ,la

ùug fya;= jQ lreKq meyeÈ,s lrkak'

^4& l=ffrhsIsjre ynIdfõ isg uqia,sï cd;slhka wdmiq f.kajd .ekSug l<

W;aidyh fláfhka iòyka lrkak'

^5& kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=ud wNsfhda. ch .;af;a flfia o@

96

iSrdfjys jeo.;alu

20

—iSrd˜ uqyïuoa kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=udf.a Ôú; l;dj .ek

lSug Ndú; jk ;ks jpkhls' fuu jpkh mokï fldgf.k iSrdj l,djla f,i

m%.=K fldg" f,aLk .; fjñka mj;S'

uqyïuoa kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=ud ish¨ fokdg u fmdÿ hy

u. fmkakqï l< flfkls' kì ;=uks" wm Tnj fuf,dj isák ish¨ ukqIH

j¾.hdg u wjjdo lr wkqYdikd lrk f,i fuf,djg hjd we;' tfy;a ;ju

nyq;rhla ck;dj fï ms<sn|j wkjfndaOfhka isá;s ^34(28& hkqfjka w,a l=¾wdkh

úoyd olajhs'

;j o w,a,dya ^rínq& i¾j n,Odßhd jYfhka ^1(1& isákjd fuka u kì

i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï;=ud ryau;ka ,s,a wd,óka& i¾j ¥;hd jYfhka 21(07&

isákafka h' w,a,dya ^rínqkakdia& ukqIHhkaf.a iajdñhd jYfhka ^114(1& isákjd

fia u kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=ud ^ld*a*;=ka ,skakdia& uq¿ uy;a ukqIH

iudchgu kì jYfhka ^34(28& isákafka h' tu ksid miq .sh ishjia ody;rlg;a

wêl ld,hla ;siafia t;=udf.a iSrdj bf.k f.k wdrCId lrkq ,eì‚' fuhg

fya;= jq lreKq lSmhla iòyka l< yels h'

1' Tyq fuf,dfõ wjidk ¥;hd fjhs' t;=udf.ka miq fjk;a ¥;hl= ìys

jkafka ke;' tu ksid t;=udf.a mKsúvh wdrCId l< hq;= fjhs'

2' t;=udj ms<sf.k ;u Ôjk rgdj yiqrejd .;a ck;dj t;=udf.a

ld,fha isg wo olajd mej; tau'

3' t;=udf.a b;sydih ksjerÈ j ,shd wdrCId lrf.k tau iEu l,ays §

u t;=udf.a pß;hg ydkshla fkdjk wkaoug wdrCId lsÍug W;aidy

±Íu'

4' t;=udf.a Ôú; l:dj ms<sn| fmd;a" ish¨ u NdId j,ska uqia,sï ck;dj

muKla fkdj uqia,sï fkdjk mqoa.,hska úiska o úúO fldakj,ska

,shd ;sîu'

97

kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=udf.a

iSrdj jHdl+, fkdfõ' t;=ud Ôj;a jk ld,fha §

iydndjreka úiska t;=ud f.a m%;srEmh" p,kh"

foaYkh" ls%hdldrlï" leu;a;" wlue;a;

hkdÈh b;d iQCIu f,i y`ÿkd .kq ,eì‚' miq

ld,Sk j ck;dj tajd idCIs iys;j Tmamq lf<da

h' t;=udf. a Ôú;h ms<snò f;dr;=re fiùug

bÈßm;a jQy' f.hska f.g f.dia iÔù j ÿgq

whf.ka wid ±k.;af;da h' ta ±k .;a f;dr;=re

kej; úu¾Ykhg ,la lf<da h'

kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=udf.a

ñ;=rka" ;dìBkajre" bka miq ;nW;a;dìBkajre"

kì ;=udf.a b;sydih wdrCId lsÍu iòyd

wiydh W;aidyhl fhÿfKda h' tu ksid

kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=ud Ôj;a

jk ld,fha ck;dj t;=udf.a ls%hdl,dmh ÿgqjd fia u wmg;a t;=ud f.a iSrd j

lshùfuka tu l%shd ms<sn| is;ska ±l .; yels jk whqßka tu iSrdj f.dkq fldg

we;' Y%jKh lsÍfuka iy lgmdvfuka ,enqKq iSrd f;dr;=re uqyïuoa ìka biaydla

^ysÊß 151& § m%:ufhka f,aLk .; lf<a h'

tys ku iSr;a riQ ,a,dya hkqfjka ye`ÈkaúKs' tu .%ka:h miqld,Sk j fkd,enqKs'

bkamiq tu .%kaa:h iu.dó j uqyïuoa wíÿ,a u,sla ìka ysIdï ysÊß 218& úiska ,shk

,o .%ka:h ±kg;a ;sfnk w;r iSrdjg ,shk ,o m%:u .%ka: fol jYfhka fuu

.%ka: fol ie,fla' kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=ud ;u iSrdj jerÈ wkaoug

y`ÿkajd§u fkdl< hq;= hehs ;u ñ;=rkag ;rfha wjjdo lf<A h' flkl= ud .ek

fndrejla f.d;kafka o Tyq Tyqf.a jdiia:dkh wmdfha fidhd .kq we;' ^nqydß&

ußhïf.a mq;d Bid wff,ysiai,dï ;=udg jHdc f,i m%Yxid lrkjd fia u lrkak

tmd hehs lSy' uu ¥;fhla muKhs' ud w,a,dyaf.a ¥;fhla hehs mjikak ^nqydß&

tu ksid t;=udf.a iSrdj ksjerÈ j" msßisÿ j ,shd ;sfí' lshùfuka" foaYk lsÍfuka"

ls%hdjg kexù ;sfí'

tkuq;a kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=ud wm fuka idudkH ñksil= hehs

mejish fkdyels h' Tyq ñksiqka w;r w;s Y=oaO jQ ñksfils' fmr miq mõj,g iudj

fok ,o flkl= jYfhka fuka u o úúO hym;a .;s.=K ysñ mqoa.,hl= jYfhka

o Tyq Wiia fõ' uqia,sï jrhl= jYfhka t;=udg ióm ùu Budkfha fldgila fjhs'

uqia,sï whg t;=ud ;u mKg;a jvd jeo.;a flkls' ^33(6&

98

zúYajdijka;hsks æ Tn ;=<ska ksYaÑ;j u ^wmf.a& ¥;fhla meñK isáhs'

^Tng hï lrorhla isÿ ù& Tn ÿlg m;a jQ úg ^th& t;=udf.a is;a ;ejq,g fya;=

fjhs'

tA ;rug Tyq Tn iu. iqyoYS,S h'& tA w;r u Tyq Tnf.a wdksYxi ks;r u ms%h

lrk flkl= jk w;r ukd úYajdijka;hska jk Tn flfrys ohdj yd lreKdj

buy;a f,i Tyq ;=< we;'Z ^9(128&

zljqre fyda flfkla Tyq úYajdi lr t;=ud Yla;su;a lr t;=udg Wojq lr

t;=uka yg my< jQ m%Ndkaú; O¾uh ms<smÈkafka o Tyq iu;a jQ fjls jeks w,a l=¾wdka

jels wm yd t;=uka w;r we;s in|;d j meyeÈ,s lrhs' tu ksid zTyqf.a Ôjk rgdj

bf.k .ekSu wjYH fjhs' tf,i wOHhkh lsÍfï § fin,d fikam;shd" YsIHhd

.=rejrhd" wkq.dñlhd kdhlhd wkq.ukh lrkjd fia u iSrdj bf.k .; hq;=

w;r u tys jeo.;alu y`ÿkdf.k uOHia: Ôú;hla .; l< hq;= hehs uqyïuoa w,a

.iaid,s iòyka lf<a h'

ñksiqka ish¨ fokd u tl iudk j isáh;a Tjqkaf.a .;s .=K yelshd wruqKq

ls%hdldrlï fjkia fjhs' tkuq;a Tjqka ish¨ fokd i|yd u jQ wdo¾Yh iSrdfõ

iòyka fjhs'

zi;HjYfhka u w,a,dyaf.a ¥;hd fj;ska wdo¾Yhla we;'Z ^33(21& hkqfjka

w,a l=¾wdkfha iòyka fjhs' tu wdo¾Yh ksYaÑ; ld,hlg fyda ia:dkhlg fyda

cd;shlg fyda isud fkdlr ish¨ fokd u wkq.ukh l< yels h'

zÿmam;l= jqj o md,lhl= fyda md,kh jk flkl= jqjo bf.k .kakl= fyda

ch.%dylhl= fyda ÿflka isákakl= fyda lror j,g ,la jQ flkl= fyda fjkhï

Ôjk rgdjla wkq.ukh lrk flkl= jqj o ishÆu fokdg wdo¾Yhla jk Ôjk

rgdjla iSrdfõ olakg ;sfnk nj fihshoa iqf,hsudka koaú iòyka lf<a h'

99

tu ksid iSrdj újD; yoj;ska bf.k .;a wh thg fhduq ù kì i,a,,a,dyq

wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=ud w,a,dyaf.a ¥;hd hkqfjka ms<sf.k úYajdijka;hka njg

fjkia jQ iuyre .ek b;sydifha iòyka fjhs'

;j;a oDIaá fldaKhlska n,k úg iSrdj bia,dufha uQ,sl isoaOdka;j, tla

udOHhla fjhs' w,a l=¾wdkh fyda fõjd iqkakdj fyda fõjd wmg ,ndÿkafka kì

i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=ud h' w,a,dya ðíÍ,a wff,ysiai,dï u.ska w,a

l=¾wdkh ms<s.ekaù h' th yd kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=udf.a Ôú;h iu

úh' fï fol uq,a lr f.k bia,dóh Ôjk l%uh yev .eiS we;' tA wkqj" ñksiqka

fkdu. hEu je<elaùu i|yd w,a l=¾wdkh yd iqkakdj hk fol u fuf,djg Þhdo

lr hk nj kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=ud ;u wjika foaYkfha § mejiqfõ h'

tu ksid bia,dóh Ôjk rgdfõ iSrdj jeo.;a ;ekla Wiq,k nj iòyka l< yels h'

wka whf.a Ôú; urKfhka wjika jk kuq;a kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys

ji,a,ï ;=udf.a Ôú;hg wog;a meje;aula we;'

wNHdi

1' my; iòyka wrdì jpkj, f;areu fokak'

iSrd rínq,awd,óka

iydnd ryqu;ka ,s,a wd,óka

;dìBka ;nW;a;dîBka

ld*a*d;=ka ,skakdia rínqkakdia

2' kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=udf.a iSrdj ish¨ u ck;djg fhda.

Hhs" hk ldrKdj fya;= iys; j olajkak'

3' kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=udf.a iSrdj jHdl+, fkdù ;sîug

fhdod .;a idOl j.= .; lrkak'

4' iSrdj bf.k .; hq;af;a wehs ±hs fláfhka iòyka lrkak'

5' Tn ±k.;a iSrd .%ka:j, kdu f,aLkhla ilia lrkak'

100

bia,dï wd.u ukqIH Ôú;fha ish¨ u wxYj,g iqÿiq u.fmkaùï ±lau iys;

wd.ula jk w;r wd¾Ólh yiqreùu ms<snò fYa%IaG u.fmkaùula o ûd¾f.damfoaYkh la&

,nd fohs'

wd¾Ólh hk jpkh Ndú; jkafka ñksia Y%uh fkdue;s j <`.d lr .;

fkdyels ñksia wjYH;d iemsÍu i|yd jQ iïm;a ye`Èkaùu i|yd h' tf,i u

ñksidf.a uQ,sl wjYH;d (wdydr" we÷ï me<÷ï" ksjdi yd iudcfha ÈhqKqjla iu.

u we;s jQ wOHdmkh" wdrlaIdj" ikaksfõokh" úfkdaoh jeks fjk;a wjYH;d

imqrd,Su ´kEu wd¾Ólhl m%Odk wruqK fõ' fï i|yd ls%hd;aul lrk úúO l%u

wd¾Ól l%u jk w;r tu l%u ms<sn| wOHhkh" wd¾Ól úoHdj kï fõ'

wd¾Ólh ms<sn| ñksiqkaf.a wruqKq iy tAjd <`.d lr .ekSug Tjqka ork

Wkkaÿj tlsfklg fjkia h' tu ksid ñksiqkaf.a wd¾Ól uÜgï o fjkia h'

iuyfrla wd¾Ólfha Wiia uÜgïj, o" ;j;a iuyfrla my;a uÜgfï o ;j;a

iuyfrla uOHia: j o isá;s' fï ish¨ fokdf.a u wd¾Ól wjYH;d imqrd,Su i|yd

bÈßm;a lrkq ,nk ie,eiau fYa%IaG wd¾Ól l%uhla fõ'

ñksidf.a wd¾Ól w¾nqo úi|d .ekSug fhdÞ .kakd m%Odk wd¾Ól

ixl,am folls' tkï"

1' Okjd§ wd¾Ól l%uh

2' iudcjd§ wd¾Ól l%uh

fm!oa.,sl wxYfha Wkak;sh i|yd uQ,sl;ajh ,nd fok wd¾Ól l%uh Okjd§

wd¾Ól l%uh jk w;r fm!oa.,sl wxYhg muKla iSud jQ wd¾Ól wNsjDoaêh msgq

olsk iïm;a ish,a, ck i;= lrk wd¾Ól l%uh iudcjd§ wd¾Ól l%uh fjhs'

fï ixl,am fol u uOHia: fkdfõ' fï ;=<ska f,dal wd¾Ólfha úi¢h fkdyels

wNsfhda. /ila ìys ù we;' kuq;a bia,dï uOHia: wd¾Ól ixl,amhla y÷kajd §

we;' th fm!oa.,sl wxYfha wd¾Ólhg yd fmdÿ iudc wd¾Ólhg o hym; f.k

foa'

wd¾Ólh iïnkaO bia,dóh ±lau

21

101

bia,dóh wd¾Ólfha uQ,sl ixl,am folla ;sfí'

01' ^úYajdih yd iïnkaO& m%;sm;a;suh lreKq

02' ls%hdldrlï yd iïnkaO uQ,sl lreKq'

01' úYajdih yd iïnkaO m%;sm;a;s uh lreKq (-

³ ish¨ u iïm;a w,a,dyaf.a h' tajd ñksid fjkqfjka ìys lf<a h'

zz;j o wyfia iy N+ñfha ;sfnk tajd;a w,a,dyaf.a h' ^53(31&ZZ

N+ñfha ;sfnk ish¨ foa Tn fjkqfjka ìys lf<a Tyq h'

³ Okj;alu .ek lshdu;a Èkfha úu¾Ykh lrkq ,efí'

Tng w,a,dya ;wd,d ,nd ÿka odhdo .ek o lshdu;a Èkfha úu¾Ykh lrkq ,efí'

^102(08&

³ fm!oa.,sl foam, $ Okfhka fldgil whs;sh iudchg o we;'

zzTjqkaf.a Okfhka ksYaÑ; m%udKhl whs;sh ke;s neß whg iy hdplhskag we;'

^70(24-25&ZZ

³ Okh bmehSug ork W;aidyh id¾:l fyda wid¾:l jkafka w,a,dyaf.a

wNsu;h mßÈ h'

zzwe;a; jYfhka u w,a,dya ;ud leu;s whg jeäfhka fyda wvqfjka ,ndfokafka

^17(30&ZZ

³ Okh $ iïm;a ñksid mÍlaIKhg Ndckh lsÍu i|yd ,nd § we;s tAjd fõ'

z ksYaÑ;j u Tfí Okh yd orejka Tn mÍlIKhg Ndckh lsÍu i|yd u

we;af;a h'Z ^64(15&

by; i|yka úYajdih yd iïnkaO jQ m%;sm;a;suh lreKq bia,dóh wd¾Ól

l%ufha m%dKh fjhs' tA wkqj OkjdÈ iy iudcjdÈ wd¾Ól l%u ;=<ska ñksiqkag ,nd

.ekSug fkdyels jQ ksoyi" udkisl ;Dma;sh" udkisl iqjh" bia,dóh wd¾Ól l%uh

;=<ska ,nd .; yels h'

102

02 l%shdldrlï yd iïnkaO uQ,sl lreKq

³ w,a,dyag ia;=;sh mqo lsÍu

fuh ud Tyqg ia;+;sh mqo lrkjd o keoao hkak mÍCId lsÍug udf.a foúhd

ug ÿka Þhdohls' ^27(40&

³ ild;a" iold yd fjk;a Þk udkj,ska iudchg ysñ fldgi ,nd §u'

zoka ish,a, ÿ.Ska" ÿmam;=ka" oka /ia lrkakka" kjuq bia,dï Nla;slhska" Kh nßka

ñßlS isákjqka" w,a,dya f.a u. lghq;= lrkjqka u.Shdplhska yd jy¨ka ksoyia

lsÍug ysñ w,a,dya kshu" lr we;s j.lSuls' w,a,dya ish¨ foa ms<sn| ±kqj;a uyd

×kjka;fhls ^9(60&

³ jeh lsÍfï § iy b;sß lsÍfï § uOHia: ùu'

zz^Tnf.a Okfhka lsisjla jeh fkdlr& ish,a, b;sß lr fn,af,a t,a,d fkd.kq æ

;j o Tnf.a Okh ish,a, jeh fldg ysia w;ska o fkdisákq ZZ ^17(29&

³ l=uk fyda wd¾Ól ls%hdoduhl jqj o fmd<sh wka;¾.; fkdùug j. n,d .ekSu'

zzfmd<S ,ndf.k mßfNdackh lrk jqka fIhs;dka wdfõY ù ke.sák jqka f,i ñi

ke.sákafka ke;'ZZ^2(275&

³ w,a,i" /jàu" iQÿj" ¥IKh jeks yr moaO;Skag úreoaO jQ ls%hdj,ska iïmQ¾Kfhka

u je<lS isàu'

zzflfkla ;j;a flkl=f.a foam, widOdrK f,i mßfNdackh fkdlrkak ZZ

zz^Tfí u;h fndre nj& Tn ±k isáh o fjk;a& ñksil=f.a jia;+ka lsisjla mdmfhka

msreKq ud¾.hlska$ l%uhlska ^widOdrK f,i w,a,ia §& w;am;a lr .ekSu g

ks,OdÍka fj; fkdhkqZZ ^2(188&

³ ld,Sk jYfhka we;s jk wd¾Ól wjYH;d" fjkiaùï yd jHdl+,;d

bia,dóh úoaj;=ka úiska bÊ;sydoa lr ksrdlrKh l< hq;= hs'

fuu uQ,sl lreKq fya;= fldg f.k bia,dóh wd¾Ól l%uh ish¨ u ld,

jljdkq j,g fhda.H mßÈ ilia ù we;'

103

³ tlÕ;dj u; isÿ lrk wd¾Ól l%shdldrlï idlaIs iys;j f,aLk .; lsÍu'

zúYajdijka;hsksæ Tn ksYaÑ; ld, iSudjla i|yd Kh ÿkafkd;a th ,sÅ; j ;nd

.ekSu fhda.H fjhs' ^2(282&

bia,dóh wd¾Ólfha fuu uQ,sl lreKq fol i|yd idlaIs f,i fuys § w,a

l=¾wdka jels muKla ,nd § we;' fï lreKq Yla;su;a lsÍug úúO y§ia we;' tAjd

w,a l=¾wdka jels j,g iudka;r fjhs' uqyïuoa kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï

;=ud uqia,sï iudcfha fuu isoaOdka; ls%hdjg kxjd fmkajQfha h' tu wdo¾Yh wkq.

ukh l< l,S*d jrekaf.a md,k ld,h ;=< isá uqia,sïjre tys m%;sM, w;aÿgqfjdah'

bia,dóh wd¾Ól l%ufha jeo.;a lreKq

³ foaj .=Kdx. (-

bia,dóh wd¾Ól l%ufhA § w,a,dyaf.a ud¾f.damfoaYh mokï lrf.k we;'

tA ksid ñksid ks¾udKh l< wd¾Ól l%u ;=< we;s wvqmdvq fuka fuys wvqmdvq

lsisjla olakg ke;'

³ iudch ;=< mek kÕsk wd¾Ól Wia my;alï úêu;a lsÍu (-

bia,dï O¾ufha we;s id¾:l fnÞ yeÍfï l%uh fuhg fya;= fõ' Tnf.a

Okh Okm;Ska w;r muKla /£ug fkd§ ^wka whg o ,eîug Okh fuf,i& fnÞ

fok f,i wK lrkafka h' ^59(7&

³ iudc hym; iy fm!oa.,sl hym; w;r iïnkaO;djla we;s lsÍu (-

fu ksid bia,dóh wd¾Ól l%uh Okjd§ yd iudcjd§ wd¾Ól l%uj,ska fjkia fõ'

³ wdOHd;añl wjYH;d iy f,!lsl wjYH;d .ek iu j ie,ls,a,g fhduq lsÍu'

±kg mj;sk wd¾Ól l%uh ,dNh yer fjk;a wxYj,g m%uqL;ajhla ,nd fokafka

ke;' bia,dóh wd¾Ólfha ,dNh muKla fkdj yeÕSï" .;s.=K" YsIagNdjh

ixialD;sh" hkdÈhg o jeo.;a ;ekla ysñ fjhs'

lsis flkl=g widOdrKhla fkdùu' fuh bia,dóh wd¾Ól l%shdldrlï j, b;d

jeo.;a wruqKls' widOdrKh lrkafkao ke;' widOdrKhg ,la jkafkao ke;'^2(279&

³ kuHYS,sNdjh (-

wd¾Ól l%shdldrlï zuqwdu,d;aZ j,g iïnkaO ksid bia,dï j<lajd we;s

iuyr foa yer wka tAjdg wkque;sh § ;sfí' fuys§" wd¾Ól l%shdldrlïj,g fhduq

ùfï § kjH;d fndfyduhla we;s ùug bv we;' túg tu kjH;d zbÊ;sydoaZ hg

,la lr zIÍ wdZ jg .e,fmk mßÈ tu kuH;d ms<sn| ;Skaÿ ,nd .; yel'

104

³ nrl;a (-

bia,dóh wd¾Ól l%uh zjySZ mokï lrf.k ks¾udKh ù we;' f,da jeishka

ish¨ fokdg u .e,fmk wd¾Ól l%uhla f,i fuh ieliS we;' ksh; jYfhkau

fuh wkq.ukh lsÍfuka w,a,dyaf.a wdksixi" ohdj yd nrl;a kï jQ j¾Okh

fkdwvq j ,efnkq we;'

fjkia u; tlsfklg úreoaO ùu iajdNdúl fõ' Okjd§ wd¾Ól o¾Ykh yd

iudcjd§ wd¾Ól o¾Ykh tlsfklg úreoaO jkafka o fï ksid h' bia,dóh wd¾Ól

o¾Ykh fï folg u fjkia jk ksid Okjd§ yd iudcjdÈ wd¾Ól o¾Ykhka

bia,dóh wd¾Ól o¾Ykhg úreoaO fõ' uqia,sïjre jk wm bia,dóh wd¾Ól o¾Ykh

wm fm!oa.,sl yd idudÔh Ôú;fha § ms<sìUq lsÍu yd tys jákdlu f,da jeishka

yg f.kyer ±laùu wmf.a j.lSuls'fufia lsÍfuka wmg mrf,dfõ § fuka u

fuf,dj § o ch.%yKh ,nd .; yel'

wNHdi

my; oelafjk m%Yakj,g ms<s;=re ,shkak'

01' bia,dóh wd¾Ólfha uQ,sl ixl,am j¾. l< yelafla flfia o@

02' bia,dóh wd¾Ólh iudcjd§ yd Okjd§ wd¾Ól l%uj,ska fjkia jkafka

flfiao @

03' bia,dóh wd¾Ólfha jeo.;alu ms<sn| úia;r lrkak'

ls%hdldrlï

—f,da jeiaika uqyqKfok j¾;udk wd¾Ól .eg¨j,g bia,dóh

m%;sm;a;s ;=<ska úi÷ï ,nd .; yels h˜ hk ud;Dldj hgf;a rpkdjla

,shkak'

105

ñksid ;u Ôú;hg wjYH foam, /ia lsÍu bia,dóh oDIAá fldaKfhka

jeo.;a ;ekla .kshs' ;u wjYH;d ;udg u imqrd .; yels h' fjk;a flkl=f.ka

hemSu bia,dóh ±laug wkqj my;a l%shdjls'

tla jrla kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=ud hï mqoa.,hl=f.a jeo.;a

,CIK lsysmhla bÈßm;a lf<a h' túg u iydndjreka lsysmfofkla zzw,a,dyaf.a

¥;hdfKks" Tyq wm iu. È.= ÿrla .uka lf<a h' wms tla;rd ;ekl kjd;eka

.;af;uq' Tyq kej; .uk wdrïN lrk f;la i,d;fha fh§ isáfha h' .ukdrïNfha

isg kej; kjd;eka .kakd f;la Èla¾ lrñka isáfha h'ZZ hehs lSfjda h' —Tyq .uka

l< Tgqjdg lEu imhd Tyqg wdydr ms<sfh< lf<a ljq o@˜ hehs kì i,a,,a,dyq

wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=ud weiqfõ h' túg —wms Tlafldau˜ hehs ms<s;=re ÿkafkda h'

—tfia kï Tn Tyqg jvd jeo.;a wh fj;s'˜ hehs lSfõ h' ^wonqoa ¥kahd joa§ka - budï udj¾§& fuu isoaêh wka whf.ka hefmk mqoa.,hskag jvd ;u bmhSfuka

Ôj;a jk mqoa.,hska fY%aIaG nj idlaIs orhs'

w,a,dyaf.a W;=ï u ks¾udKh ñksid h' Tyq wkqkaf.a bmhSu u; hefmk úg

Tyqf.a f.!rjh wvq fjhs' is`.uka he§u ms<sn| j bia,dï ;rfha wjjdo lrkqfha

fï ksid h'

kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=ud —flfkla fkdlvjd is`.uka he§fï

ksr; fjhs kï lshud ojfia Tyq uqyqfKa uia ms`vq fkdue;s j tkafka h'˜ hehs

mejiqfõ h' ^nqydß uqia,sï&

tla jrla kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=ud fkdlvjd jev lsßu ksid r¿ ù

we;s lïlrejl=f.a w; fndfyda fõ,djla w,a,d f.k isáfha h' fuu isoaêh ÿgq

wh úu;shg m;a jQ úg kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=ud zzksYaÑ;j u w,a,dya

bmhSfï jeo.;alu

22

106

Budkh we;s lïlrejd ^/lshdjla lrk mqoa.,hd& g we¨ï lrhsZZ hehs mejiqfõ h'

^;nrdks&

bmhSu bia,duhg wkqj úúO fya;= u; jeo.;a fõ'

01' bmhSu w,a,dyaf.a wdksYxi ôdho& ,nd .ekSug ork jEhuls'

ñksidf.a Ôú;hg wjYH ish¨ foa fuu uy fmd<fjys ;nd we;' fï .ek

w,a,dya fufia mjihs'

—^ñksiqfka& ksh; jYfhka u wms fuu uy fmd<fõ Tng ish¨ myiqlï

,nd § Tng Ôj;a ùug wjYH ish¨ idOl ìys lr we;af;uq'

^tA kuq;a& Tn ;=;s mqo lrkafka b;du;a w,am jYfhks'ZZ^7(10&

—wms N+ñh È. yer tys fkdfi,afjk l÷ ìys lf<uq' ishü ;DK j¾.

^tAjdg& iqÿiq mßÈ me, lf<uq' Tn,dg iy Tn wdydr § we;s ±ä fkdlrk wyfia

iy fmd<fõ Ôj;a jk Ôùkag;a Ôj;a ùug wjYH foa wms u tys ìys lf<uq'˜

^15(19(-20&

fï f,i w,a,dya ñksid fjkqfjka uejq uy fmdf<dj u; úisÍ we;s Ôj;a ùug

ñksidg wjYH oE w,a,dyaf.a Þhdo fjhs' tAjd ,nd .ekSug ñksid W;aidy lf<d;a

ñi tAjd ñksid fj; fkd ths' tu ksid tAjd fidhd hk f,i ñksidg Wmfoia

fohs' w,a l=¾wdkh zzuy fmdf<dj Tng ^Ôj;a ùug& myiq f,i ilid ÿkafka Tyq hs'

tu ksid iEu ÈYdjlgu f.dia Tyq ,nd § we;s Þhdo N=la;s ú¢kak'ZZ ^67(15&

zz^cqïwd& i,d;fhka miq N+ñfha úisr f.dia w,a,dyaf.a Þhdo fidhd ,nd .kak˜

^62(10&

fï wkqj bmhSu hkq w,a,dya f.a wdksYxi ^Þhdo& fidhd hk W;aidyhls'

2' bmhSu uqia,sï flkl=f.a wksjd¾h ls%hdjls'

³ fufoi fohdldrhlg ne,sh yels h'

l=ula fyda fkdue;s j wksjd¾h ls%hdjla iïmQ¾K fkdfõ o th bgq lsÍu o wksjd¾h l%shdjla hk bia,dóh IÍwd kS;sh wkqj" bia,dï wksjd¾h lr we;s j.lSï j,ska iuyrla Tjqkaf.a Ôkh& foam, yd iïnkaO fõ' WÞ(- ild;a" yÊ" mjq,a kv;a;= lsÍu jeks foa bgq lsÍug foam, Okh wjYH ksid tAjd fiùu o wksjd¾h fjhs'

*slaya fËa;%fha úoaj;=ka w,a,dyaf.a ksfhda. ^j.lSï& wksjd¾h l%shd y÷kajk njg

úYajdi lrhs' fudjqkaf.a úYaf,aIKh wkqj zzw,a,dyaf.a wdksixi ^Þhdo& fidhdf.dia

107

,nd.kakZZ ^62(10& hk foaj ksfhda.h bmhSu ^j.lSula& wksjd¾h l%shdjla njg

m;a lrhs'

03' bmhSu bia,dufha tla hd×jls'

uqia,sïjrfhl= bia,dóh u. fmkaùug wkqj ´kEu ls%hdjla lsÍu hd×jla

jkq we;' tu ksid bmhSu o fuu u. fmkaùug wkqj lsÍfï § hd×jla jkq we;'

tA wkqj kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=ud

zzhï flfkla y,d,a jQ bmhSul fh§ fjfyi jq ;;a;ajfhka rd;s%h .;

lrkafka o Tyqf.a mõ ish,a,g u iudj ,efnkq we;˜' hehs mejiSh ^bíkqudcd&

bia,dï bmhSu o hd×jla f,i i,lk ksid /lshdj, kshq;= ^Wmhk& whg

m%Odk i,d;j, l=vd iQrd mdrdhkh lsÍug wjldY ,nd § we;'

w,a l=¾wdkh fufia mjihs'

zztu ksid Tn rd;s%fha i,d; bgq lf<d;a & l=¾wdkh yels;dla ÿrg mdrdhkh

lrkak' Tn w;r .s,ka jQjka isáh yels nj;a ;j;a iuyrl= w,a,dyaf.a wdksixi

fkdfyd;a Okh fiùug fmd<fõ iEu ÈYdjlg u ^fldgilg u& hdug isÿúh

yels ksid;a ;j;a iuyrl= w,a,dyaf.a ud¾.fha igka je§ug hdug isÿúh yels

nj;a Tyq ukdj ±k isáhs' tA ksid Tnf.a ksoyia ld,hg .e,fmk wjldY ,efnk

mßÈ wvqfjka fyda jeäfhka& Tng myiq m%udKhla mdrdhkh lrkakZZ ^73(20&

bmhSu hd×jla f,i ie,lSug kï bia,dufha wkq.ukh l< hq;= ls%hd

fufia h'

01' msßisÿ fÉ;kdj

02' uQ,sl j;dj;aj,g mgyeks fkdùu

03' IÍwd kS;s lv fkdùu

108

bmhSug wÞ< Ißwd kS;s Í;s

01' yrdï jq oE wvx.= NdKavhla fkdúh hq;= h'

^WÞ(- uoHidr" W!reuia" fidrlï lrk ,o NdKav&

02' yrdï jQ l%shd uÕska ,nd .;a fohla fkdúh hq;= h'

^WÞ(- fidrlu" fmd<sh yd w,a,ia&

03' ck;djg ysßyerhla fyda /jàula jk fohla fkdúh hq;= h'

^WÞ(- iÕjd ;eîu" ñY% lsÍu" fmdfrdkaÿ lv lsÍu jeks foa yer&

04' fmdÿ kS;s W,a,x>kh lsÍfï ls%hdjla fkdúh hq;=h'

^WÞ(- l`¿ lv" NdKav mekakSu&

05' hym;a idrO¾uj,g mgyeks fkdúh hq;= h'

^WÞ(- fndre" ;Kaydj" jxpd" wd;aud¾:ldó;ajh&

fï olajd wOHhkh l< lreKq ;=<ska bia,dï" bmhSug ,nd § we;s m%uqL;ajh

wjfndaO lr .;af;uq' kuq;a iuyfrla /lshdjla fkdlr ksre;aidyfhka kslrefKa

ld,h .; lrñka isákjd ±lsh yel' fuf,i isàug fya;= ;=kla budï udj¾;s

;=ud fmkajd fohs'

01' lïue,slu (-

bia,dï lïue,slu

ms<sl=,a lrhs' lïue,shd

iEu úg u ÿmam;a lñka

fmf<k mqoa.,hl=

jYfhka isáhs' fuh

kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys

ji,a,ï ;=ud ms<sl=,a

l< w;r lïue,slfuka

wdrlaId ùu i|yd w,a,dya

f.ka fï m%d¾:kd lf<a h'

109

zzhd w,a,dya æ lïue,slfuka iy fkdyelshdfjka ud fírd fokq uek'ZZ

tfuka u t;=uka ;u Wïu;a wkq.dñlhska& w¨hu wjÈ ù l%shdYS,s j lghq;=

l< hq;= h hkak i|yd zzhd w,a,dya uf.a Wïu;a ^wkq.dñlhska& g kqU w¨hï

ld,fha § nrl;a lrkq uek'ZZ f,i m%d¾:kd lf<a h' tA ksid lïue,slu fya;=fjka

Wmhkafka ^/lshdjla lrkafka& ke;sj isàu bia,duhg mgyeks fõ'

02' ;jlal=,a ms<sn| jQ jerÈ u;h

;jlal=,a hkq w,a,dya ms<s.kakd Budkh yd iïnkaO l%shdjls' wm

mQ¾K W;aidyfhka hï ls%hdjl ksr; ù tys wjidk m%;sM,h w,a,dya fj; mejÍu

;jlal=,a kï fjhs' tfy;a iuyre fuh jerÈ f,i jgyd f.k bmhSug W;aidy

fkdlr w,a,dya fj; mjr;s' fuh Tjqka ;jlal=,a f,i wjfndaO lrf.k isáh;a'

fuh bia,duh ms<s.;a ls%hdj fkdfõ'

03' w,afmaÉP mej;=ï yd ,o fohska ;Dma;su;a ùu(-

iuyre f,!lsl wdYd j,g ìfhka wêl f,i bmhSfuka je<lS

isá;s' ;ukag ,efnk iq¿ wdÞhu m%udKj;a hehs ;Dma;su;a fj;s' fuh bia,dï

O¾uh ms<s.;a fohls'

kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=ud mejiqjd hehs wnqo¾Þ r<sh,a,dyq

wkayq m%ldY lrhs' —iEu Èkl u iQ¾hhd WÞùu;a iu. u,dhsldjre fofokl=

iQ¾hhdf.a fome;af;a ys| wduka;%Kh lr;s' ñksiqka yd ðkajre yer wfkl=;a ish¨

oE th Y%jKh lrhs'˜

zzñksiqks Tnf.a w,a,dya fj; hkak' wêl j ,eî /jàug ,la jkjdg jvd

w,am j ,eî thska ys; ;Dma;su;a ùu hym;a fõZZ'

bia,dóh b;sydih ;=< iydndjre ;u Okh yd jia;=j ;=<ska wêl f,i hym;a

m%;sM, /ila w;a lr .;ay' wnqnlal¾ r<sh,a,dyq wkayq" l§cd r<sh,a,dyq wkayd"

Wiaudka r<sh,a,dyq wkayq wíÿ¾ ryaudka ìka wjq*a r<sh,a,dyq wkayq hk wh tA i|yd

lÈu ksoiqka h'

fï msßi lrk mska oyï ÿgq wfkl=;a iydndjre kì;=ud fj; f.dia zw,a,dya

f.a ¥;hdKksæ Okj;=ka wm wNsnjd h;s hkqfjka meñ‚,s lf<da h' tksid wms

bia,dóh u. fmkaùï Wf.k W;aidyjka;j Wmhd hyuf.ys úhoï lruq'

110

wNHdi

01' bia,dufha bmhSu jeo.;a ùug fya;= jQ lreKq meyeÈ,s lrkak'

02' bmhSu hd{djla njg m;aùug kï wkq.ukh l< hq;= bia,dóh u. fmkaùï

fudkjdo @

03' bmhSfï § wjOdkh fhduq l< hq;= Ißwd kS;s Í;s fudkjd o@

04' ck;dj bmhSug W;aiql fkdùug fya;= f,i budï udj¾;a;s i|yka lrk

lreKq fudkjd o@

111

fmr mdvfï bia,duh bmhSug fok jeo.;alu .ek ne¨fjuq' oeka wm

bmehSug ork jEhï .ek fidhd n,uq' ñksidg Wmhdf.k Ôj;a ùug w,a,dya úiska

fndfyda ud¾. i,id § ;sfí' tAjd m%fhdackhg .ekSug úúO jQ ±kqï iïNdrhla o

ñksidg ,nd § we;' tAjd Wmfhda.S lrf.k ;u wjYH;d bgq lr .ekSu ñksidf.a

hq;=lu fjhs' fï wkqj ñksid fidhd .;a /lshd wjia:d nyq, j we;' tAjdhska uQ,sl

lreKq lSmhla muKla my; úia;r lr we;af;uq'

lDIsl¾uh

fuh b;d mer‚ uQ,sl bmhSï l%uhls' fuys fldgia folla we;'

1' Ydl wdydr ,nd .ekSu i|yd jQ fnda. j.dj'

2' udxY wdydr ,nd .ekSu i|yd jQ i;a;aj md,kh

fï fowdldrh u w,a,dya úiska wkqu; l< bmehSï l%u hkqfjka w,a -

l=¾wdkh i|yka lrhs'

—;j o ueiaila Wv o¿,k je,a j¾. o" m÷re jeks oEj,ska hq;= úúO j;=

bmhSu »

23

112

iy rg b¢ j.djka o úúO j¾.fha wdydr j¾. ,nd Èh yels fnda. j¾. fuka u

^fmkqfuka tl iudk jQ kuq;a ^riska& úúO jq T,sõ j¾. fo¿ï j¾. jeks m<;=re&

,nd ÿkafka w,a,dya u h' ^6(141&˜

—^t¿jka" .jhka" Tgqjka& jeks nr mgjdf.k hd yels úYd, isjqmdjqka o

l=vd isõmdjka o ^ìys lf<a w,a,dya h& w,a,dya imhd we;s fïjdhska Tng wkqNjhg

iqÿiq tAjd f;dard f.k Tn wkqNj lrkak' ^6(142&˜

y§ia ûq,dY%h mokï lrf.k& fuf,dj uq,a u ñksid jk kì wdoï

wff,ysiai,dï ;=ud úiska fï fowdldrfha u lDIsl¾udka; fuf,djg y÷kajd

ÿka nj olakg ,efí' Tyqf.a orejka fofokdf.ka tla orejl= zwdì,aZ fnda.

j.d lsÍu úfYaIs; /lshdjla jYfhka lrk ,o w;r fojks orejd jk —ldì,a˜

i;=ka we;s lsÍu ;udf.a úfYaI /lshdjla jYfhka lr we;' fï wkqj uq,a iudcfha

f.dùka f,i;a" tfâre f,i;a fldgia folla olakg ,enq‚'

w,a,dya ñksidg fuu /lshd foflkau Ôj;a ùu i|yd ire ìï iy ;DK

N+ñ iajdNdúl j ìys lr we;af;a h' fuh w,a l=¾wdkfha my; whqßka i|yka fõ'

zz ish¨ u ueùï j,g Ôj;a ùug myiq jk whqßka N+ñh ilid we;af;a h'

tys úúO j¾. j, m,;=re o m, nr jQ rg b`È .ia o jefjhs' OdkH j¾. fuka u

l=¿ nvq ksmojk me<Eá o jefjhs'ZZ ^55(10(12&

—Tyq úiska i;=ka Wfoid ;K ìï ìys lf<a h' ^87(04&˜

fnda. j.dj iy i;a;aj md,kh ñksidf.ka .s,syS fkdhdu i|yd kì

i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=ud fufia wjOdrKh fldg we;'

³ whs;sjdislï fkdue;s bvula hï flfkla Wmfhda.S fldg ÈhqKq

lf<d;a tu bvug whs;sjdislï lSug Tyq iqÿiafila fõ' ^nqydß&

³ flkl=g bvula ;sfí kï Tyq tys j.d l< hq;= h' fkdtfia kï

Tyqf.a ifydaorhl=g mskg Èh hq;= h' ^nqydß&

³ hfula .ila isgqjd th M, fok f;la bjiSfuka /ln,d isáfha o tu

.fika ljqre M, m%fhdack ,enqj o th Tyq ÿka Þkhla f,i w,a,dya i,lhs'

^wyauoa&

by; i|yka y§ia u.ska o ffln¾ hqoaOfha ch.%yKfhka ,enQ lDIsld¾ñl

bvï kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=ud úiska lDIs l¾udka;fha ksr; jkakkag

fnÞ §u u.ska o lDIsl¾udka;fha jeo.;alu yd wjYH;dj úoyd olajhs'

113

fï wkqj uqvqìï j, j.d lsÍu" lDIsl¾uh" yjq,a jHdmdr" noaog §u jeks

ud;Dld hgf;a y§ia f.dkq lr ;sîu;a *slayq .%ka: j, lDIs l¾udka;h iïnkaOfhka

kS;s f.dkq lr ;sîu;a lDIs ld¾ñl wxYh ;=< uqia,sïjrekaf.a Þhl;ajh úoyd

olajhs'

kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=ud u§kdjg ysÊr;a .sh wjia:dfõ u§kd

jeishka rg b¢ .ia w;r mrd.kh isÿlr M,Þj jeä lsÍug ±rE W;aidyh kì

i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï;=ud wkqu; l<y' fuh lDIs l¾ñl ;dlaIKhg kì

i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=ud ÿka Èß.ekaùula f,i ie,lsh yels '

t¿jka we;s lsÍfï l%shdj ms<sn| kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=ud

ks;r mjid"zzw,a,dya úiska hjk ,o ish¨ kìjre t¿jka we;s lsÍfï ld¾hfhys

fh§ isáfhda h"ZZ hehs mejiQ úg zzw,a,dyaf.a ¥;hdKks" Tn;a tfia o hehs iydìjre"

úuiqfjda h' zzTõ ulald jeishka t¿jka we;s l< msáfha uu;a t¿jka /l n,d

.;af;ñ" hehs kì ;=ud mejiqfõ h' ^nqydß&

wo ck.ykh wêl neúka fnda. j.dj yd i;a;aj md,kh kùk ;dlaIKhg

wkqj kùlrKh lr we;' wvq ìï m%udKhl flá l,la ;=< § jeä m%;s,dN

,nd .ekSug yelsjk mßÈ tu ;dCI‚l l%u ÈhqKq ù we;' fujeks /lshdj,

ksr; ùug woyia lrk wh tu l¾udka; ms<sn| fyd¢ka Wf.k wjYH ;dlaIKsl

Wmfoia jD;a;Sh úfYaI{hkaf.ka ,nd f.k ;u wd¾Ólh ÈhqKq lsÍug W;aidy

±Íu bia,dï ys m%YxikSh lreKla fõ'

l¾udka; hkqfjka woyia lrkafka ñksid ;u ±kqu yd yelshdj Wmfhda.S

lrf.k hï wuq øjHhla fhdÞ ;ukag wjYH ksñ NdKavhla ksIamdokh lsÍu

h' úúO jQ l¾udka; j¾. we;' fuhska b;du;a u mer‚ l¾udka; f,i fmaI

l¾udka;h yd jvq l¾udka;h ie,lsh yel'

fï ms<sn| budï bíkq l,a¥ka mjik wdldrhg" boaÍia wff,ysiai,dï ;=ud fmaI l¾udka;h y÷kajd ÿka nj m%lg lreKls' t;=udg miq meñ‚ kQya kì ;=ud .ek iòyka lrk úg t;=udf.a kej ±j yd weK Ndú;fhka ksmojd ;snqKs' fuu.ska kQya kì ;=ud jvq l¾udka;fha kshe,S isá njg w,a l=¾wdkfha iQr;=,a

lu¾ys 13 jk jelsfha i|yka fõ' ûqloaÈud&'

miq ld,Skj kì ilßhd wff,ysiai,dï ;=ud jvq l¾udka;fha kshe,S isá

nj iySya uqia,sï .%ka:fha we;=<;a y§ihl i|yka fjhs'

l¾udka; fËa;%fha f,day l¾udka;h b;d jeo.;a fõ' fndfyda NdKav

ksIamdokfha § th wuq øjHhla f,i Ndú; fõ' f,dayj, jeo.;alu yd th fhdÞ

l¾udka;

114

ksñ NdKav ksIamdokh lsÍfï ;dlaIKsl ±kqu w,a,dya úiska ÞjQoa wff,ysiai,dï

;=udg msßkeuQ nj w,a l=¾wdkfha i|yka fjhs'

hlv wms u my< lf<uq' tys m%n, Yla;shla o ñksidg m%fhdack rdYshla o

;sfí'^57(25&

ÞjQoa wff,ysiai,dï ;=udg hlv uDÿ lr ÿkafkuq' mQ¾K jeiqï ksIamdokh lrkq'

tAjdfha mßudKh ks¾Kh lrkq uekú' ^34(10-11&

hlv Ndú; lr úYd, ì;a;s ne`§u iy wuqKq ks¾udKh lsÍfï ld¾hfhys

—ÿ,al¾ffkka˜ rc fikam;shd fh§ isá nj iQrd w,a lya*a ys i|yka fjhs' ^94(96&

l%s'j' 18 jk ishjfiys we;s jQ ld¾ñl úma,jh ksid kj ;dlaIKh fhdÞ kj ks¾udK

ìys úh' fï ish,a, w,a,dyaf.a ks¾udKhla jk ñksid úiska ;u wjYH;djka bgq

lr .ekSu i|yd ;u oekqu Wmfhda.S lr .ekSfuka jQ úm¾hdihls' fï wkqj uy

fmdf<dfõ úúO iïm;a Wmfhda.S lr f.k ksIamdokh lsÍug ×kh iy yelshdj

,nd ÿka w,a,dyag u" ;=;s mqo l< hq;= h'

l¾udka; uyd mßudK l¾udka; iy l=vd l¾udka; ^.Dy l¾udka;"&

hkqfjka j¾. folls' uyd mßudK l¾udka;j,g úYd, m%d.aOkhla yd úYd, ñksia

Y%uhla o wjYH fõ' l=vd l¾udka; j, § iq¿ uqo,la yd ;u Y%uh muKla jqjo

fhdÞ ksmehqï l< yels h' we÷ï ueiSu" wdydr ksIamdokh" hka;% iQ;% w¨;ajeähdj"

fmd;a ne`§u" uqøK jev" yd w;alï ksmehqï iq¿ l¾udka; i|yd ksoiqka f,i

i|yka l< yels h'

fuu l¾udka; o lDIs l¾udka;h fuka u jeo.;a /lshdjls' tla jrla kì

i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=udf.ka Wiia u /lshdj l=ula ±hs úuiQ úg t;=ud

mejeiqfõ l¾udka; iy fndrefjka f;dr fjf<odu njhs' ^wyuoa&

115

;j;a wjia:djl zzflfkla ;u w;a foflka Wmhd wkqNj lrk wdydrhg

jvd fyd| wdydrhla fkdue; we;a; jYfhka u w,a,dyaf.a ¥;hl= jk Þjqoa

wff,ysiai,dï ;=ud ;u w;a foflka Wmhdf.k wkqNj lf<a h' ^nqydß&

kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=udf.a ld,fha mqreIhska fuka u ia;S%yq

o l¾udka; lr Ôj;a jQy' ksoiqkla jYfhka —Wïuyd;=,a uq#ñkSka˜ jrekaf.ka

flkl= jk ffikí ìka;a cyia r<sh,a,dyq wkayq ;=ñh oe,a úhd Ôj;a jQjd h'

l=uk /lshdjka l< o tys y,d,a - yrdï ;sîu idudkH fohls' tu ksid

uqia,sï ne;su;=ka jk wm" wmf.a /lshdj bia,dóh Ißwd kS;shg wkq.; ù tA wkqj

lsÍu w;HjYHh'

l¾udka; fËa;%fha j¾Okhg rel=,la jkafka tA tA wjia:dfõ § fidhd.kq

,nk kj fidhd .ekSï fõ' tu ksid wms kj ux fm;a j,ska is;d wmf.a kj

yelshdjka jeä lsÍug W;aidy lruq' w,a,dyaf.a ohdj fidhd ,nd .ekSug wm

W;aidy lsÍfï § úúO jQ ud¾. wmg mdÞ fokafka h'

f,dalh tys Ôj;a jk ish¨ ñksiqkag fmdÿ jQjls' fuys § W;aidyjka;hd

;u W;aidyfha m%;sM, fk<d .kS' bia,dóh rgdj ;=< l%shd lrk mqoa.,hd ;u

W;aidyfha m%;sM, mrf,dj § ysñ lr .kshs'

wNHdih

01' lDIsl¾udka;fha fldgia fol mjikak'

02' fuu fldgia fol ms<sn| j we;s w,a l=¾wdka yd w,a y§ia uQ,dY%h fjka

fjka j ,ehsia;=.; lrkak'

03' uqia,sïjre l¾udka; fËa;%fha ksr; úh hq;= h hkak bia,dï wjOdrKh

lrkafka flfia o@

116

fjf<`Þu

tla;rd NdKavhl fyda foam,l whs;sh ,nd f.k ;j;a flkl=g tys whs;sh

,nd §u fjf<`Þu fjhs' lDIs ld¾ñl ksIamdok fyda fjk;a hï l¾udka;hl

ksIamdok ck;dj w;g m;a jkafka fjf<|du u.sks' tA wkqj fjf<kaod" ksIamdolhd

iy mdßfNda.slhd w;r isák w;rueÈfhls' tu ksid fjf<`Þu bia,dï wkqu; l<

w;r tu fiajdj w.h lr we;'

zúYajikSh fjf<kafoda ^mrf,dj È& kìjreka iu. isá;s'Z^;s¾ñÈ&

bmhSu »»

24

117

fjf<|du hkq ixlS¾K bmehSï l%uhls' iuyre fjf<`Þu yd fmd<sh fjka lr

y÷kd .ekSug fkdyels j miq;eú,s fj;s' ;j;a iuyre fjf<|du" y,d,a ùu

i|yd wkq.ukh l< hq;= fldkafoais .ek fkd;ld ,dN ,eîfï fÉ;kdfjka

u muKla ksoyfia fjf<|dfuys fh§ isá;s' tu ksid ixlS¾K wd¾Ól l%uh ;=<

WmÈk .eg¨ w,a l=¾wdkh iy iqkakdj Wmfhda.S lrf.k ksrdlrKh lrñka tA

i|yd wkq.ukh l< yels y,d,a jQ l%shd ms<sfj;a yd bia,dóh kS;s Í;s ms<sn| j

úoaj;ayq meyeÈ,s lr we;' uqia,sï jHdmdßlhl= fïjd ish,a, ±k fjf<|dï lsÍu

wksjd¾h ^*¾¨& fjhs'

Wu¾ r<sh,a,dyq wkayq ;=ud fjf<|fmd<g f.dia fjf<|du iïnkaO jQ kS;s

Í;s ms<sn| j ksis wjfndaOhla fkdue;s wh fjf<|dï lsÍu ;ykï hehs lSfõ h'

ula ksid o h;a tjekakka f.a fjf<|du ;=< ±kqj;a j fyda fkd±kqj;a j fmd<sh

wka;¾.; úh yels hehs t;=uka wjjdo lf<a h'

bia,dóh ±laug wkqj" fjf<|dula wkqu; ùug uQ,sl lreKq lsysmhla yd fldkafoais

lsysmhla iïmQ¾K úh hq;= h'

fjf<|dfuys uQ,sl lreKq(-

1' .ekqïlre - úl=Kqïlre

2' fjf<| NdKav

3' Bcdí - lnQ,a

.ekqïlre- úl=Kqïlre

1' ksis jhig meñ‚ wfhl= úh hq;= h'

2' isys nqoaêhla we;s flfkl= úh hq;= h'

3' fjf<|du ms<sn| ukd ±kqula we;af;l= úh hq;= h'

fjf<ò NdKav

1' úl=Kqïlreg whs;s úh hq;= h'

2' .ekqïlreg NdrÈh yels ;;a;ajhl ;sìh hq;= h'

3' w;amsg ;sìh hq;= h'

4' bia,dóh IÍwdjg wkqj msßisÿ yd m%fhdackj;a NdKavhla úh hq;= h'

Bcdí - lnQ,a

Bcdí hkq úl=Kkakd ;ud úl=KQ NdKavh úl+KQ njg;a lnQ,a hkq ñ, §

.kakd ;ud th ;Dma;su;a j ms<s.kakd nj;a m%ldY ùu h' fuh jdÑl j fyda ,sÅ; j

fyda ±kg l%shd;aul jk fjk;a l%uhlg fyda isÿ úh yel'

118

fjf<| .kq fokqfõ § ;ykï l< foa

1' wkjYH ÈjqÍu

2' lsreï ñKqï jxpd

3' ie`.ùu

4' wêl ñ< ;eîu

5' ñY% lsÍu

6' fndre lSu

7' /jàu

8' fmdÿ kS;sÍ;s W,a,x>kh lsÍu

fjf<|dfï § úl=Kkakd iy ñ, § .kakd by; oelafjk bia,dóh isoaOdka;

wkq.ukh lr fjf<|dfï fh§fuka úúO m%fhdack ,nd .; yels h' ta w;=ßka

iuyrla my; ±lafõ'

1' Tjqkaf.a .kqfokq l%shdj,sh keuÿula njg m;a fõ'

2' ñ, § .kakd iy úl=Kkakd w;r iqyo;djhla we;s fjhs'

3' fjf<`Þfï ia:djr;ajhla we;s fjhs'

4' wkjYH fodaIdfrdamK j,ska wdrlaIdj ,efí'

5' yrdï jk .kqfokq j,ska ñÈh yels h'

tu ksid fjf<|dï lghq;=j, § bia,dóh iSudjka ;=< tu lghq;= lsÍfuka

fof,djg u m%fhdack j;a wkaoug l%shd lruq'

fiajdjkabmehSug ork W;aidyhka w;r fiajd iemhSu o tlls' flkl= ;j;a

flkl=g fiajdjla ,nd § tA i|yd jegqmla ,nd .ekSu fiajd ;;a;ajfha /lshdjla

hehs lshkq ,efí' fiajlhdf.a ±kqu" yelshdj" ld,h" Y%uh" wdÈh Tyqf.a Okh fõ'

tla fiajd jD;a;slhl= ;udf.a ±kqu yelshdjg wÞ< úúO fiajdjka ,nd § thg

WÑ; fõ;khla ,nd .ekSu bia,duh ms<s.;a isoaOdka;hls'

fiajd imhk /lshd fldgia follg j¾. l< yel'

^w& nqoaêh iïnkaO ^.=re jD;a;sh" ,smsldr jD;a;sh&

^wd& ldhsl Y%uh îq¨ fiajlhka" lïlrejka" wdrCIl fiajd&

fïjdhska wêl ms<s.ekSula yd jegqmla ,nd fok fiajdjka yd tfia fkdue;s

fiajdjka jYfhka iudÔh fn§ula mj;sk kuq;a bia,dï u.ska flkl= lrk /

lshdj wkqj Tyqf.a ;;a;ajh uek n,kafka ke;' lrk /lshdj l=ula jqj;a tu /

lshdjg iy tys ksr; jk mqoa.,hdg bia,dï ys mQ¾K ms<s.ekSula we;' tu ksid

119

kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=ud —Tn,df.ka flkl= ;ud i;=j we;s ,Kqjla

/f.k f.dia or /ia lr tlg ne| tu orñá ;u lr u; ;nd /f.k ú;a úlsŒu

ck;djf.ka isÕd lEug jvd fY%aIaG fõ˜ hehs mejiS h'

bia,dóh ±laug wkqj tla tla mqoa.,hd w,a,dya ;wd,df.ka úfYaI

yelshdjka ,nd we;s flfkla fõ' Tyq ;u yelshdj y÷kdf.k thg wÞ< /lshdj

lsÍu jeo.;a h' lS¾;sh" jegqm hk foa i|yd ;udg fkdyels kqiqÿiq /lshdjla

lsÍu bia,duh lsisúgl ms<s.kafka ke;' wnQo¾ w,a ls*dß r<sh,a,dyq wkayq ;=ud

kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=ud fj; meñK —w,a,dyaf.a ¥;hdKks æ ud hï

;k;=rlg m;a fkdlrkafka o@˜hkqfjka úuiqfõ h' thg kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys

ji,a,ï ;=ud ;u yia;fhka Tyqf.a Wrysig ;Ügq lr wnqo¾ Tn ÿn, mqoa.,fhls

;k;=rla hkq w;s úYd, j.lSuls' ;k;=rg iqÿiq mqoa.,hd th ,ndf.k tys rdcldß

bgq fkdlf<d;a tf,dfõ § ÿl iy miq;eú,a,g th fya;=jla ûqia,sï& fõ'

;jÿrg;a kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=ud —úksYaphlrejka j¾.

;=kla we;' Tjqkaf.ka tla msßila iaj¾.fha o ;j;a msßila ksrfha o isá;s' iaj¾.

fha isákd wh ljrl= o h;a i;Hh h:d¾:h wjfndaO lrf.k tA wkqj ;Skaÿ ,nd

ÿkakjqka fj;s' i;H jgydf.k thg mgyeks j úreoaO ;Skaÿ ,ndÿka wh yd

wjfndaOhlska f;drj ;Skaÿ ,ndÿka wh ksrfha isá;s˜ hehs lSfõ h' ^;s¾ñÈ&

w,a,dya ;u .e;a;kaf.ka fndfyda fokl=g tlsfklg fjkia jQ oCI;d yd l=i,;d

,nd § we;' Tjqka ;ukag .e<fmk bmhSï l%uh fidhd tAjd <Õd lr .ekSu

m%YxikSh lreKla fõ' tfia fkdue;skï Tjqka w,a,dya úiska ,nd ÿka wdksYxi

^Þhdo& wmfhdackhg ,la l< wh f,i ie,fla'

fiajd jD;a;sh kùk f,dalfha jHdma; ù we;' rgl wd¾Ól ixj¾Okhg

fuu whf.a Þhl;ajh b;d jeo.;a fjhs' fiajd jD;a;ska ys isák iEu flkl=u

ljo;a f.!rjhg ,la úh hq;= h' Tjqkaf.a fiajdj wj;lafiare fkdlr kshñ;

fiajdjg kshñ; jegqm WÑ; fj,dfõ u msßkeñh hq;= h' fiajlhdf.a vyÈh

úh,Sug fmr Tyqf.a jegqm f.ùu wksjd¾h nj kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï

;=ud wjjdo lf<a h'

fiajl whs;sjdislïj,g bia,dï uq,a;ek fokjd fiau Tyqf.a fiajdj

ms<sn|j o wjOdrKh lrhs' ;ud ,nd.kakd jegqmg iß,k yd tA i|yd jQ .súiqulg

hg;a j fiajh ,nd §u Tyq i;= j.lSuls' my; i|yka w,a l=¾wdka jelsh fuh

;yjqre lrkafka h' lsreï ñkqï j, § jxpd lrk wh úkdY hs' Tjqka ck;djf.ka

.kakd úg jeäfhka lsrk w;r fok úg wvqfjka lsrd fohs' wka wh mdvqjg ,la

lrhs' ^83(1'2'3&

jHdmdrhg iDcq j iïnkaO jk w,a l=¾wdka jels fiajd fËa;%hg o n,mdkq

we;' wêl jegqmla n,dfmdfrd;a;= jk fiajlhd ;u fiajdfõ wvqjla l<fyd;a

120

Tyq w,a,dyaf.a idmhg ,lafjhs' tu ksid ish¨ u fiajd tu úYajdifhka hq;= j

l< hq;= hs' tA ;=<ska ;udf.a fiajdj hym;a mqKH lghq;a;la njg m;alr .ekSfï

wjldYh ,efnkq we;'

wNHdi

01' fjf<|dfï uQ,sl lreKq yd tAjdfha fldkafoais i|yka lrkak

02' fjf<| .kqfokq j, § ;ykï lrk ,o foa l=ula o@

03' fjf<|dfï § bia,dóh u. fmkaùu wkq.ukh lsÍfuka ,efnk

l=i,a ,ehsia;= .; lrkak'

121

ñksidg yqfol,dfõ Ôj;aùu wmyiq h' iudÔh Ôú;hg ñksid jvd;a keUqre

h' yqfol,dfõ Ôj;a jk úg bia,dï mjrd we;s wksjd¾h ls%hdjka lsisjla Tyqg l<

fkdyelsh' iudcfha j.lSula jk *¾¨ ls*dhd ;ks j wkq.ukh lsÍu wmyiq h'

tu ksid wksjd¾hfhka u iudch iu. Ôj;a ùu iy {d;s in|;d j¾Okh lsÍu

wjYH fõ' fufia iudch iu. Ôj;a ùfï § yd iudc inò;d Yla;su;a lsÍfï §

wkq.ukh l< hq;= iSudj ks¾Kh lsÍug wÊkî uyaró kS;s Í;s wjYH fõ'

m%:ufhka uyarï hk jpkh wjOdkh fhduq lruq' fuu jpkh jHjydrfha

§ —yrdï˜ hk f;areu f.k fohs' mjqf,a kElu fya;=fjka fyda fjk;a hï fya;=jla

ksid fyda ia;%shlg újdy lr .ekSug ;ykï jQ mqreIhd ms<sn| j yd mqreIhdg

újdy lr.ekSu ;ykï jQ ia;%Sh ye¢kaùug fuu jpkh Ndú; flf¾' my; i|yka

f,aLkfha msßñkayg újdy lsÍug kqiqÿiq ia;%Syq fj;s' fï i|yd ûyaró& hk

jpkh Ndú;d fõ' fï whf.a úreoaO md¾Yjh ia;%Ska yg uyaró fjhs'

wÊkî - uyaró iSudjka wkq.ukh lruq

25

mjq,a kElu

³ uj" ujf.a uj'

³ ÿj" ÿjf.a ¥jreka" mq;df.a ¥jreka'

³ ifydaoßh"

³ ujf.a yd mshdf.a fjk;a újdy u.ska ìys jQ .eyeKq orejka¡ ³ mshdf.a ifydaoßh'

³ ujf.a ifydaoßh'

³ ifydaorhdf.a ÿj'

³ ujf.a yd mshdf.a fjk;a újdyhlska ìys jQ mßñ orejkaf.a ¥jreka¡ ³ ifydaoßhf.a ÿj'

³ ujf.a fyda mshdf.a fjk;a újdyhlska ìys jQ .eyeKq orejkaf.a ¥jreka¡

122

by; i|yka —uyarï˜ hk f,aLkfha we;=<;a fkdjQ wh —wÊkì˜ hk .Khg wh;a

fjhs' wÊkì hk jpkh ÿr kElu" kjlhd" kElula ke;s flkd" iïnkaOhla

fkdue;s flkd jeks úúO f;areï orhs'

±ka wm újdy ùug wkqu; l< wÊkì jQ wh msßñ iu. wdY%h lsÍfï §

wkq.ukh l< hq;= lreKq ms<snò wjOdkh fhduq lruq'

01' my; ne,Su (- ^ne,au md,kh lr .ekSu&

YÍrfha wõr;hg wh;a fldgia foi ne,Su fyda ldudYdfjka ne,Su fya;=jla

fyda wjYH;djla fyda fkdue;s j fkdlvjd ne,Su hk tAjdhska je<lS isàu'

;sfokl=f.a weia wmdh fkdols' tkï ¦

• w,a,dyaf.a hy u.g ksÈ uerE weia'

• w,a,dyaf.a ìh ne;sfhka ye`vQ weia'

• w,a,dya úiska ;ykï l< foh fkdneÆ weia'

lsß kElu

³ lsß fmjq uj" wehf.a ujqjreka" mshdf.a uj'

³ lsß kElfï ÿj" ÿjf.a ÿj" mq;df.a ÿj'

³ lsßkElfï ifydaoßh" ujq md¾Yjfha ifydaoßh" msh md¾Yjfha ifydaoßh'

³ lsß fmjq ujf.a ifydaoßh'

³ lsß kElfï mshdf.a ifydaoßh'

³ lsß kElfï ifydaorhdf.a ÿj'

³ lsß kElfï ifydaoßhf.a ÿj'

újdyl kElï

³ Nd¾hdjf.a uj

³ Nd¾hdjf.a ÿj

³ mq;df.a Nd¾hdj

³ mshdf.a Nd¾hdj

123

02' ldka;dj wõr;h iïmQ¾Kfhka u jefik mßÈ yd .re;ajh /flk

mßÈ we`ÿï we`§u'

03' weú§u" we`ÿï we`§u" yeisÍu yd l:d lsÍu jeks ish¨ lreKq bia,dóh

pdß;%hg wkqj ms<sme§u'

04' msßñkaf.a yeÕSï weúiafik ls%hdj, fkdfh§u (iqj| ú,jqka wdf,amkh"

buy;a f,i w,xldr jQ we`ÿï we`§u jeks l%shd ksjig muKla iSud lsÍu' ud¾.fha

.uka lrk úg iudch mßydkshg m;a jk wkaoug yeisÍfuka je<lS isáh hq;= h'

05' wÊkì jQ ia;%S - mqreI hq.,h yqfol,d ùug we;s wjia:d iSud l< hq;= hs'

Tnf.ka ^msßñ& flfkla fjk;a ldka;djl iu. yqol,dfõ isá úg tu fofokd

iu. ;=kajekakd jYfhka fIhs;dka isákafka h' ^niaid¾&

06' iudc hym; iy wjYH;d fjkqfjka muKla ia;S% mqreI fomd¾Yajh u

yuq jk wjia:d ixúOdkh l< hq;= fõ' ia;s%h wef.a ÿria lrk" weh wmlS¾;shg m;a

lrk" wef.a uQ,sl l¾;jHj,ska weh wE;a lrk wdldrfha l%shd ^wef.a iajdNdúl

iajrEmfhka& ia;S% mqreI fomd¾Yajh muKla fkdj uq`¿ uy;a iudch u úkdYh lrd

fhduq lrjhs'

wfma hym; i|yd bia,dï wmg mkjd we;s iSudjka wkq.ukh lr ×;s;ajh mK

.ekaúh hq;= h' tu ksid ukd ine`Èhdjla we;s úh yels h'

wNHdi

01' ia;S% mqreI fomd¾Yajh idlÉPd lsÍfï § wkq.ukh l< hq;= kS;s Í;s

fudkjd o@ fuh wkq.ukh fkdlsÍfuka iudchg jk ydksh i|yka

lrkak'

02' iSud rys; ia;%S - mqreI iïnkaO;d ksid isÿ jQ ydks ;=kla ms<sn| mqj;am;a

j, m< jQ mqj;a mokï lr .ksñka úia;r lrkak'

03' uyaró wÊkî hk ixl,am fol w;r we;s fjkialï meyeÈ,s lrkak'

124

bia,dï ñksia Ôú;fha ish¨ wxYj,g u. fmkajk wd.uls' tA ;=<ska

ñksidf.a fm!oa.,sl" mjq,a" iudc ðú;fha hym; ms<sn| ish¨ wxYj,g wjYH

kS;s Í;s iïmdokh ù we;'

ñksid ñksil= f,i Ôj;a ùug j.lSï wjYH jkjd fia u whs;sjdislï

o wjYH h' w,a,dyaf.a úfYaIs; ueùula jk ksid ish¨ ñksiqka tl iudk whs;s

jdislï we;af;da fj;s' l=uk ld,hl l=uk mßirhl Ôj;a jk flfkl= jQj

o Tyqf.a rg" cd;sh" foaYmd,kh" iudc wd¾Ól wOHdmksl miqìu l=ula jqj o

wd¾Ól l%uh l=ula jqj j.lSï iy whs;sjdislï ish¨ fokdgu fmdÿ fõ' tAjd ,nd

fokafka i¾jn,Odßhd jk w,a,dya úisks' ula ksid o h;a ish¨ fokdg u fmdÿfõ

iudkd;au;dfjka" wmlaImd;Sj j.lSï iy whs;sjdislï fmkajd Èh yelafla' ^Tyqg

mu‚&

tu ksid bia,dï udkj whs;sjdislï w,a l=¾wdkh iy iqkakdj ;=<ska

,nd .kafka h' w,a,dya ñksidg whs;sjdislï ,nd fokafka Wmf;a §u h' tu ksid

lsisfjl=g th lsisjl=g je<elaúh fkdyelsh" meyer .; fkdyelsh" ÿIKh l<

fkdyelsh" tfia lsÍug is;k wh uy;a fødaysfhda fj;s' ;j o Tjqyq w,a,yaf.a

o`vqjug ,la fj;s'

udkj whs;sjdislï

26

125

w,a,dya ,nd ÿka whs;sjdislï ñksid ilia l< whs;sjdislï fuka n, rys;

tAjd fkdfõ' ñksid ilia l< whs;Ska l,ska l,g ia:dkfhka ia:dkhg fjkia

fjhs' ,nd fok njg ujd fmkajñka Wÿrd .kq ,nk" tfiau f,aLkhlg muKla

iSud jQ" ls%hdjg fkdkef.k ^rdcH n,fhka fyda fjkhï l%uhlg wj,x.= jk&

tAjd fõ' fuu ls%hd ksid ñksia iudch wmyiq;djg m;a fjhs' tla;rd ld,hl tla

m%foaYhl Ôj;a jk ck;dj N=la;s ú`Èk foa wka ck;djg fyda m%foaYhg wysñ fjhs'

kùk f,dalh ,nd ÿka whs;Ska ;=< fujeks úúO wvq mdvq olakg ,efí'

fïjd ilia l< ngysr f,dalh tA ms<sn| uQ,sl l;sldj;la f.dvke.Sug ishjia

yhlg fmr bia,duh udkj whs;sjdislï m%ldYhg m;a fldg we;'

kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=ud u§kdjg ysÊr;a .sh w¨; tys Ôj;a

jQ ck;dj iu. .súiqulg t<UqfKa h' fuh u§kd iïuq;sh kñka ye`Èkafõ'

fuhg ishjia yhlg miq l%s' j 1215 § uyd iïuq;sh" —ulakd ld¾gd˜ Magna carta&" hk kñka tx.,ka;fha fcdaka rc;=ud iy ck;dj w;r .súiqula ;snq‚' miq

ld,Sk j th úúO ixfYdaOkhkag ,la úh'

tkuq;a bia,dï bÈßm;a l< whs;Ska ia:djr úh' ñksia ls%hdldrlïj,g fhda.Hh

úh' fkdlvd ls%hd;aul ùu" ldygj;a Wÿrd .ekSug fkdyels ùu jeks .=Kdx.

we;=<;a úh' fïjd ,nd §ug tfrys jkafka kï th mjla jk w;r kS;s úfrdaë yd

o`vqjï ,eìh yels jrola o fõ'

fï .ek kS;sm;s wdpd¾h iS' ù ùruka;s% uy;d w;ska rÑ; —bia,dóh kS;sh

yd cd;Hka;r ±lau˜ hk .%ka:fha w¨;a oDIaá fldaKhlska úia;r flfrhs' j;auka

cd;Hka;r iïuq;ska lsisjla .ek fkdi,ld bia,dóh kS;sh muKla úu¾Ykh lr

tAjdfha wka;¾.; udkj whs;sjdislï ms<sn| kS;s Í;s yd lreKq Wmqgd .ekSfuka

u muKla jqj o —cd;Hka;r bia,dóh udkj whs;sjdislï˜ f,i iïuq;shla ilia

l< yels h' fujeks iïuq;shla ilia lsÍfuka j;auka udkj whs;sjdislï m%×ma;s

yd bia,dóh udkj whs;sjdislï w;r iudklï we;s nj mila jkq we;'

bia,dï ms<s.ekajQ udkj whs;sjdislï lsysmhla

01' Ôj;a ùfï whs;sh

ukqIH m%dKh b;d w.fka h' th wdrCId l< hq;=h' tu ksid iEu flfkl=u

lsis u ndOdjlska f;dr j Ôj;a ùfï whs;sh ,nd isáhs'

w,a,dya W;=ï l< m%dKh ksis úNd.hlska f;dr j urkak tmd˜ ^6(151& hkqfjka o

126

—ljfrla ^widOdrK f,i& m%dK >d;kh lf<a o Tyq ish¨ u ñksiqka

>d;kh l<d yd iudk h' tfiau flfkla hï m%dKhla Ôj;a lf<a o Tyq ish¨ u

ñksiqka Ôj;a l<d yd iudkhs˜ ^5(32& hehs w,al=¾wdka mjihs'

02' iudkd;au;d whs;sh

ish¨ ñksiqka kS;sh bÈßfha iudk fõ' cd;sh" ia:dkh" mdg" yevrej jeks

fohska fjka l< fkdyels h'

zñksiqks" Tnf.a w,a,dya mru fõ' ±k .kak wrdìjreka wrdì fkdjk

whg jvd o iqÿ cd;Ska l`¿ cd;Skag jvd o Wiia wh fkdfõ' foaj ìh ne;sh ;=<ska

muKla Tn,d Wiia mqoa.,hska f,i i,lkq ,efíZ hehs kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys

ji,a,ï ;=ud mejiqfõ h'

03' fm!oa.,sl ksoyfia whs;sh

—j¾. ;=kla jk ñksiqkag úreoaO j uu lshdud Èkfha jdo lrñ' bka tla

msßila ñksiqka jy¨ka njg m;a lr Tjqka úl=Kd tu uqo,ska Ôj;a jk wh"˜ ^nqydß&

bia,dï" jy,a Ndjfhka ñksiqka ño ùug ksoyia lsÍu g& fmd<Uùï lrhs'

zbia,duh ;=< n, lsÍï ke;" ûlaksido h;a& fkdu. isg hyu. meyeÈ,sj

we;Z ^2(256& hkqfjka

w,a l=¾wdkfha i|yka ùu ñksil=g ;ud leu;s wd.ula weoysh yels wd.ñl ksoyi

ms<sn| j we;s ksoiqkls'

04' kS;sfha msysg ,nd .ekSfï whs;sh

iEu ñksil=g u kS;sh bÈßfha iudk ie,el=ï ,eîug;a idOdrKh bgq lr

.ekSug;a whs;sh we;'

zúYajdijka;hsks w,a,dya fjkqfjka îdOdrKj& i;Hh idlaIs mjik

mqoa.,hska u jkak" tla md¾Yjhlg Tfí we;s ffjrh ksid Tjqkag widOdrKhla

lsÍug Tnj fmd<Uùula fkdisÿ úh hq;=h'^fldmuK fl%daOh$ffjrh ;snqK o&

kS;sh ls%hd;aul lrkak' th mdßY=oaO;ajhg b;d wdikak jQ ;;a;ajhls' ^5(8&

zuf.a Èh‚h *d;sud fidrlï l<;a wef.a w; lemSug miqng fjkafka

ke;"Z hkqfjka kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=ud mjid we;'

05' f.!rjh wdrCId lr.ekSfï whs;sh'

ish¨ fokdg u ;ukaf.a ;;a;ajh yd f.!rjh ydks jk ls%hd fuka u mokï úrys; fpdaokdj,ska wdrCId ùfï whs;sh w,a l=¾wdkh ;rfha m%ldY lr

127

;sfí'

zúYajdijka;hsks æ fndfyda ielj,ska Tn ÿria jkak' wehs o kï iel tAjd

iuyrla mõ msfrk ls%hd h' ldf.a fyda jrola Tn mq,mq,d úNd. lrkak tmd'

fla,ï lshkak tmd'Z ^49(12&

06' foam< wdrCId lsÍfï whs;sh'

iEu mqoa.,hl=gu Ôú;fha uQ,sl wjYH;d ,nd .ekSfï whs;sh ,nd § we;'

msßñka /ia l< foa msßñkag whs;s h' tfuka u ia;%Ska /ia l< foa ia;%skag

ysñ fõ' ^4(32&

07' wd.ñl yeÕSïj,g wdrCIdj ,nd §fï whs;sh'

zúYajdijka;hsks æ w,a,dya fkdjk l=ula Tjqka ^foúhka hehs& ms<s.kafka o

tAjdg Tn n‚kak tmd' thska Tjqka fkd±kqj;a lñka wiSñ; f,i w,a,dyag nek

j§ù' fufia ish¨ j¾.j,g wÞ< msßig Tjqkaf.a ld¾hh w,xlD; fldg we;af;uq'

miqj Tjqka ;u foúhka fj;u hkafkda h' Tjqka l< foa ms<sn| j Tyq Tjqkag myÞ

fokq we;'˜^6(108&

fuys § bia,dï ,nd § we;s udkj whs;sjdislï lsysmhla muKla yÿkd

.;af;uq' bia,dufha udkj whs;sjdislï hk fldgi b;d mq¿,a fõ' ;ks ñksidf.a

isg iudc Ôú;fha ishü wxY ms<sn| wka;¾.; fldg tAjd ú.%y lr we;' fï

ms<sn| by< fYa%‚j, § Tng bf.k .; yels h'

wNHdi

01' j.lSu" whs;sjdislu hk fol fjka lr fmkajkak'

02' udkj whs;sjdislï w,a,dya úiska ilia fldg ;sîug fya;= olajkak'

03' ñksid úiska ilik ,o whs;Ska ÿn, jkafka wehs @

04' udkj whs;sjdislï folla i|yka lr tAjdfha ,CIK ms<sn| i|yka

lrkak'

05' bia,dï fmkajd § we;s udkj whs;sjdislï folla i|yka lr tAjdfha

jeo.;alu meyeÈ,s lrkak'

128

ñksidf.a Ôú;fha fh!jk wjêh jeo.;a ld,hls' <ore úfhka miq wdrïN

jk fuu fh!jk jhi wjqreÿ fÞ<y isg úiai olajd Èfjhs' fuu ld,h ;=< we;s

jk YdÍßl j¾Okh iy udkisl j¾Okh hul=f.a Ôú;h ;=< úYd, fjkila we;s

lrhs' tu ksid fuu ld,fha § jvd;a mßiaiñka hym;a j iy nqoaêfhka lghq;=

lsÍfuka wkd.;h hym;a lr .; yels h'

wo ;reK úh .; lsÍu iïnkaO m¾fhaIK iy Wmfoia nyq, j ,efnhs'

ukqIH Ôú;h id¾:l lsÍug meñ‚ kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=ud ;reK

úh ms<sn| j iúia;r j meyeÈ,s fldg we;'

zuy¨ úhg meñŒug fmr ;reK úh m%fhdackhg .kq'Z ^ydlsï& hk y§ih m%Odk

fõ'

ukqIH Ôú;fha § YÍr Yla;sh" ld,h iudcfha iyfhda.h" oCI;d ÈhqKq lsÍfï

wjia:d ndOdjlska f;dr j nyq, j ,efnkafka fuu fh!jk wjêfha§ h' fï

wk.s wjia:dj fh!jkhka m%fhdackhg .; hq;= fjhs' lshdu;a Èkfha wik m%Yak

y;frka tlla jkafka Tnf.a ;reK ld,h flfia .; lf<a o hkqfjka fõ' lsis u

fijKla ke;s —uyaI¾˜ msáfha w¾Ia fijfKa kej;S isàug wjia:dj ,efnk ldKav

yf;ka tla ldKavhla jkafka ;reK úfha hd{d l< wh fj;s' tu ldKAvhg wm

o we;=<;a úh hq;= kï ;reK úh b;d u hym;a j .; l< hq;= h'

bia,dufha j¾Okh .ek neÆ úg tys ;reKhkaf.a lemùu nyq,j ;snq‚' —

Is¾la˜ ys .s,S isá iudch —;õysoa˜ foig u. fmkaùfï§ kì bn%dysï wff,ysiai,dï

;=ud f.a lemùu lÈu ksoiqkls' fu;=ud ;u ;reK úfha § ;ud Ôj;a jQ iudchg

hym;a foaYkd meje;a jQ b;sydih ms<sn| iQrd —nlrdys˜ iòyka lr we;'

kì hQiq*a wff,ysiai,dï ;reK ld,fha ,sx.slj mdßY=oaO j isá wdldrh

iQrd zhQiq*aysZ meyeos,s lr we;' ^23(29&

ußhï wff,ysiai,dï ;=ñh ,sx.sl mdßY=oaO;ajh wdrCId l< wdldrh iQrd

—ußhï˜ys i|yka fõ' ^16(20&

iudch jy,a Ndjfhka ksoyia l< kì uQid wff,ysiai,dï ;=udf.a

b;sydih iQrd —w#rd*a˜ ys i|yka ù we;' rdcH l=uka;%Kj,ska ;u Budkh wdrCId

fh!jkh yd ld¾h Nd¾h

27

129

l< ;reKhkaf.a b;sydih iQrd —lya*s˜ ys i|yka ù we;' ^18(7-24&

kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=ud kì;ajhg m;a ùug fmr wdo¾Yj;a ;reKhl= jYfhka isá nj kì ;=udf.a b;sydih —iSrd˜ys i|yka ù we;' t;=ud ;u ;reK úh fh!jk uofhka ñ§ wl,xlj isàu ksid ck;dj w;r m%Yxidjg ,la jQfha h' t;=ud hym;a .;s .=Kj,ska msreKq hym;a ls%hdldrlïj,ska hq;a" iudcfha jevj,g wem lem jQ wdo¾Yj;a m%ikak jQ ;reKfhls'

t;=ud jhi 40 § kì jrhl= jYfhka f;dard .;a úg Tyqf.a .=Kdx. Tyqg buy;a rel=,la úh' t;=ud ms<sn| úYajdi l< wh weiqre l< wjg isá wh fndfyda fofkla ;reKfhda h' w¾lï r<sh,a,dyq wkayq w,s r<sh,a,dyq wkayq" uqiawí r<sh,a,dyq wkayq cõm¾ r<sh,a,dyq wkayq bnqkq wíndia r<sh,a,dyq wkayq bnqkq Wu¾ r<sh,a,dyq wkayq uqwd;a r<sh,a,dyq wkayq iwoa ìka wî jlaldia r<sh,a,dyq wkayq jeks fndfyda fofkla ;reKfhda h' ;reK jhfia u tu ;reKhka mqreÿ mqyqKq lsÍu ksid bia,dï hk n,fldgqj /l .ekSfï l=¨kq jYfhka Tjqyq isáfhda h' zjhil wh udj fndreldrhl= f,i ye`Èkajqj o ;reKfhda udj úYajdi l<y'Z hehs

kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=ud m%ldY lf<a h'

tu ;reKhkaf.a olakg ,enqK Budkfha n,h" hym;a is;=ï me;=ï" yeisÍï

rgd" b,lal yUd hEu" wNsfhda. j,g uqyqK §u" m%Yakj, § uqyqK §u" ±kqï msmdih"

md,kh l< Ôú;h" Wmhd Ôj;a ùu" lem lsÍu hk hym;a .=Kdx. bÈß mrïmrdjg

wdo¾Yhla úh'

fuu ;reKhka wdo¾Yhg f.k ìys jQ B<`. mrïmrdfõ ;reKhka úYd,

ixLHdjl È.= f,aLkhla we;' ks¾NS; md,lhl= jk Wu¾ bnqkq wíÿ,a wiSia

ryau;=,a,dys wff,ys" iamd[a[h ch.%yKh l< ;dßla ìka ishdoa" iskaoa m%foaYfha

ch.%yKh l< uqyïuoa ìka ldisï" fldkaia;ka;sfkdam,h ch.%yKh l< uqyïuoa

w,a *d;sya" iySyq,a nqydß .%ka;% .; l< budï nqydß" —WiQ¨,a*slaya˜ ks¾ud;D budï

Id*sB" wrdì jHdlrK l¾;D budï ISnffjys ;u ;reK úfha § u oialï ±laùu

wjOdkh fhduq l< hq;= lreKls'

130

;reKlu wism;la yd iudk h' th hym;a ls%hdjkag Wmfhda.S lr .;

yels w;r úkdYhg o fhdÞ .; yels h' ula ksido h;a fuu ;reK úh wdl¾IŒh

foa fj; we§ hhs' tÞ fuka u wo;a ;reKhka úkdYh lrd f.k hk ud¾. fndfyda h'

kQ;k kd.ÍlrKh hk kñka ch.%yK yd ls%hdldrlï f,i tu ud¾. újD;j

we;' ie,iqï.; j" wdl¾IŒh f,i tA lrd leòùï flfrhs' úis;=re f,i w,xldr

yevfhka" YdÍßl wdYdjka fmd<Ujk whqßka" úfkdao ls%hdldrlï f,i yd" Okh

/ia lrk ud¾. f,i fujeks foa we;' fïjd ;reK ;re‚hka úkdYh lrd /f.k

hhs'

fuu wjia:dfõ ;dreKHh wdrlAId lsÍfï j.lSu ;reKhkag muKla iSud

fkdfjhs' ;reK ld,fha § weiqre lrk fndfyda fokd ;dreKHh úkdYh lrd

/f.k hhs' tu ksid fydò ñ;=rka iy wdo¾Yj;a pß; ^ySfrda& y÷kd .ekSfï

wjYH;dj ;reKhkag;a myÞ §fï hq;=lu iudchg mejÍ we;'

;reK ;re‚hka ;u ;reK ld,h w,a,dyaf.a ix;Dma;sh yd ck;dj

f.a leue;a; ,efnk whqßka ilid .; hq;= h' iq¿ úkaokhg;a" ;djld,sl iqL

úyrKhg;a fkd/jà ;u ;reK ld,h fydò ±laula ;=< ie,iqï iy.; j f.úh

hq;= h' ñksid YdÍßlj o" ±kqu ;=<ska o" wOHd;auh ;=<ska o" ls%hdfõ fh§ isáhs' tu

ksid tAjd iu;=,s; j ;nd .; hq;= h'

;reKhkaf.a fiajdj id¾:l lr .ekSug kï meyeÈ,s b,lalhla yd

iqmÍCIdldÍ l%ufõo ;=<ska ±ä j bmhSï l< hq;= h' ¥ro¾YS j ls%hd l< hq;= h'

mq`¿,a oekqu ukd úkh" iudc wNsudkh" mß;Hd.YS,SNdjh yd hym;a iïnkaO;d

jeks foa we;s l< hq;= fjhs' jHdc tAjd ±l fkd/jfgkak' ksYaM, foaj,aj,g ld,h

ñvx.= fkdlrkak' kùk ;dCIKsl WmlrK iSud úrys; j Wmfhda.S fkdlr.kak'

hym;a ks¾udKYS,S ls%hd u ñi úkdYldÍ ls%hd ie,iqï lsÍu" iyNd.S ùu" Woõ

Wmldr lsÍu jeks fohska je,lS isákak'

;reKld,h hym;a ux lrd f.k hdug Wmldß jkafka wd.ñl Nla;sh

yd wd.ñl ine¢hdj h' ;dreKHh whym;a ls%hdj,ska je,elaùfï § foaj Nla;sh

^;lajd& m%:u ia:dkh .kS' tAh j¾Okh lr .ekSu i|yd wdOHd;añl ls%hdj, ksr;

úh hq;= h' Èla¾" i,jd;a" ;õnd" bia;s#md¾" ;s,dj;=,a l=¾wdka" iqkakd jq i,d;a jeks

ls%hd j, Èkm;d fh§ug ld,h fjka l< hq;= h' lshùu yd wOHhkh lsÍug

jeä ld,hla jeh l< hq;=hs' fyd| iudchla wdY%h l< hq;=h' ta whf.a —kiSy;a˜

WmfoaYkh ,nd .; hq;= h' Èkm;d YdÍßl jHdhduj, fhosh hq;= w;r fmdaIodhS

wdydrj,g uq,a ;ek osh hq;= h' m%fndaOl mdk" iqfLdamfNda.S wdydr" w,xldr we÷ï"

úfkdaÞxY iSud l< hq;= h' rgg iy iudchg m%fhdackj;a jD;a;Sh wOHdmkhla

fidhd .; hq;= h' wmg yqfol,dfõ Ôj;a ùug fkdyels h' tluq;= j Ôj;a úh hq;= h'

tA i|yd tAlu;slj ls%hd l< hq;= h'

131

w,a,dud bland,a ;reKhka fjkqfjka fufia .hkafka h' isf;ys kefÕk

fidaiqiqï ;reKhkag ±fkajdæ uf.a wdorh yd ÿr olakd kqjK Tjqkg ,ndfo;ajdæ

w¨hu ud lrk lkak,õj ;reKhkago ,nd fo;ajdæ w,a,dya ,dnd, rdcd,s

megjqkag kej; ;gq fokquekæ udf.a tl u fÉ;kdj Tn ish¨ fokdgu uf.a ÿr

olakd kqjK ,nd §uhs'

tu ksid ;dreKHh hym;a l,a ls%hdjkag fhduq lr fyd| kula ,nd .ksuq'

wNHdi

my; i|yka tAjd úia;r lrkak'

01' uy¨ úhg fmr ;dreKHh Wmfhda.S lr .kak'

02' ;ud kì jYfhka m%ldYhg m;a l< úg uqyïuoa kì i,a,,a,dyq

wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=udf.a l=uk wdldrfha .=Kdx. Tyqg iydh ù o @

03' fyd| ñ;=rka iy fyd| bÈß ±laula y÷kd .ekSfï j.lSu iudchg o we;'

04' zkùk ;dCIK úoHd WmlrK iSud iys; j m%fhdackhg .; hq;= hs'Z

05' z;dreKHh wism;la yd iudk h'Z

132

YdÍßl fhda.H;dj

ñksid i;= Þhdoj,ska ksfrda.SNdjh jeo.;a ;ekla .kS' zÈkla WÞj;au

ksfrda.S YÍrhla" wdrCIs; ksjila yd tÈkg m%udKj;a wdydr iu. flfkla isà

kï Tyq f,dalfha ish¨ wxYj,ska msßmqka flfklsZ ;s¾ñ§& hkqfjka kì i,a,,a,dyq

wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=ud mejiqfõh'

bia,dï YdÍßl fhda.H;dj w.h lrk Ôjk rgdjls' kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys

ji,a,ï ;=ud jqj o YdÍßl fhda.H;dj .ek ks;r u w,a,dyaf.ka wheÿfõ h' w,a,dya

udf.a YÍrfha" oDIAáfha yd Y%jKfha ksfrda.S Ndjh ,nd fokq uekj ^wnqÞjoa&

hkqfjka m%¾:kd lf<A h' Yla;su;a uq#ñka flfkla ÿ¾j, uq#ñka flkl=g jvd

Wiia' Tyq w,a,dyag jvd;a leu;s flfkla fjhs' ûqia,sï&

YdÍßl yd udkislfhda.H;dj

28

133

tu ksid uqia,sïjrfhl=g ksfrda.Slu w;sYhska jeo.;a h' tkï Tyq úiska bgq

l< hq;= bndo;a" iudc fiajdjka" Ôj;a ùug wjYHh bmhSï rgdj hkdÈh iïmQ¾K

lsÍug ksfrda.Slu wjYHh fõ' fï ksid iydndjre ;u YÍrh fi!LH iïmkak

j yd Woafhda.Su;a j ;nd .;ay' Èjd ld,fha wYajdfrdayl ùrhka jYfhkao" rd;s%

ld,fha § Ndjkd fhda.S j o Ôj;a jQy'

kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=ud isÿùï 5la isÿùug fmr we;s wjia:d

myla Wmfhda.S lr.kq uekú hehs mejiS h' thska tlla zfrda.d;=r ùug fmr ksfrda.Slu

Wmfhda.S lr.kakZ hkak fõ' ksfrda.S yoj;la ±l .; yelafla kSfrda.S YÍrhla ;=< h'

fï i|yd úúO ls%hd wkq.ukh l< hq;= h'

01' wdydr .ekSfï mqreÿ

uqia,sï jrfhla wdydr .ekSfï §

uOHia: j isáh hq;= h' wêl j wdydr .ekSu

yd YÍrhg fkd.e,fmk wdydr .ekSfuka

je<lS isáu l< hq;= h' ñksid mqrjkafka

l=Kq Ndckhla fkdj ;u l=i h' —wdydr

.ekSu wjYH jQ úfgl wdudYfha ;=fkka tla

fldgila wdydr i|yd o" ;=fkka fldgila

c,h i|yd o" b;sß ;=fkka fldgi ysia j

jd;h i|yd o fjka lr .; hq;= h'˜ ^;s¾ñ§&

hehs kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=ud

mjid we;'

fï .ek iúia;r j meyeÈ,s l< Wu¾

r<sh,a,dyq wkayq ;=ud mjikafka zlEfuka iy îfuka l=i mqrjd .ekSu ms<sn|

Tng ±ä f,i f,i wjjdo lrñ' l=i mqrd lEu YÍrhg ydks lrh' f,v frda.

we;s lrhs' i,d;hg lïue,slu we;s lrhs' tu ksid uOHia: m%udKhla wdydr

.ekSfï ms<sfj; wkq.ukh lrkak' th YÍrh ksfrda.S lr wmf;a hEu j<lhs'

i;H jYfhka u w,a,dya ;rndrelu msgq olshs' ñksid wd.ug jvd wdYdj yd

;Kaydj f;dard .; fyd;a th Tyqf.a úkdYhg fya;=jla fjhs'Z

^lkaiq,a Wïud,a&

tu ksid uqia,sïjrfhla ;u YÍr fi!LHh wdrCId lr .ekSug iqÿiq wdydr

mqreÿ we;s lr.; hq;= h' ÿïîu yd u;aøjH Ndú;fhka iïmQ¾Kfhka u je<lS isáh

hq;= h' tAjd yrdï jk w;r u YÍr fi!LHhg yd ksfrda.Slug ndOd we;s lrhs' wo

ñksid m%fndaOl mdkj,g f.dÿre ù we;' fldams" f;a jeks wkqu; l< îu j¾. mjd

wiSñ; j .ekSu ksfrda.Slug ndOdjls'

134

2' YdÍßl wNHdi

YÍrh kshñ; uÜgu ;=< ;nd .ekSu bndo;a fjhs' hym;a YÍr fi!LHhg

YdÍßl wNHdi w;sYhska jeo.;a fjhs' YdÍßl wjhj Yla;su;a j" hym;a j ;sîug;a

f,vfrda. je<§fï m%jK;dj iSud lr úIîc me;sÍfuka wdrCId ù Woafhda.Su;a j

ls%hd lsÍug;a YdÍßl wNHdi w;HjYHh' YdÍßl wNHdi j, ksr;ùu bia,dï ±ä

f,i Wkkaÿ lr we;' zTnf.a orejkag" msyskSug;a ÿkq ú§ug;a" wYajhd msg ijdß

hdug;a W.kajkakZ hehs' kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=ud wjOdrKh lf<a h'

tu ksid uqia,sï cd;slfhl= ;u jhi yd yelshdj i,ld n,d YdÍßl wNHdi j,

ksr; úh hq;= h'

03' msßisÿlu

ksfrda.S j isàug kï msßisÿj isàu b;d jeo.;a h' YÍrh iy we`ÿï muKla

fkdj wdydr" ksok ia:dk" /lshd ia:dk" mßyrKh lrk NdKav hkdÈh o msßisÿj

;nd.; hq;= fjhs' wju jYfhka i;shlg jrla j;a iakdkh lr ;u YÍrh msßisÿ

lr .kakd f,ig bia,dï wjOdrKh lrhs' zTn ckdn;fhka ñ§ug fkd;snqK;a

cqïwd Èkj, iakdkh lr ysi msrsisÿ lr .kak' iqj|ú,jqka wf,am lr .kakZ

^nqydß& hehs kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=ud meyeÈ,s lf<a h' ñksid ´kEu

fudfyd;l msßisÿj isáh hq;= nj bia,dï ;rfha m%ldY lrhs' msßisÿ iqj| ú,jqka

j,ska YÍrh iqj|j;a lsÍu m%YxikSh fõ'

04' úfõlh

YÍr fi!LH wdrCId lsÍfï § úfõlhg o uQ,sl;ajh ysñ fõ' fjfyig m;a

jQ YÍrhg Woafhda.Su;a j ls%hd l< fkdyels h' ;u rdcldÍh m%udKj;a j ksu l<

fkdyels h' wms úfõlhla .;a úg wfma YÍrfha fldgia uykaish" lïue,slu jeks

foa j,ska ñ§ kej; m%fndaOhla ,nhs' kej;;a Woafhda.fhka ls%hd lsÍug wjYH

Yla;sh m%fndaOh ,efí' zÈjd rd;s% hkqfjka ld, folla Tyq Tng ,nd ÿkafka h'

rd;s%fha Tn úfõlS j isàug;a osjd l, Tn Tyqf.a wdksixi ,nd .ekSug;a ;j o

Tyqg ;=;s mqo lsßug;a fhdÞ .; yelsZ nj ^28(73& w,a l=¾wdkh m%ldY lrhs'

tu ksid ish¨ bia,dï ne;su;=ka ;u YÍrh ksfrda.Sj ;nd .; hq;= fjhs' tA

ms<sn|j fkdie,ls,su;a jkafka kï wksjd¾hfhka u wmyiq;d j,g ,la ùug bv

we;' fu ksid u zñksiqka fkdie,ls,su;a jk ksfrda.Slu yd úfõlh w,a,yaf.a

ÞhdoZ f,i ^nqydß& kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=ud meyeÈ,s lf<a h'

05' udkisl fhda.H;dj

YdÍßl fhda.H;dj fuka u ñksidg udkisl fhda.H;djo w;HjYH fõ' bia,dï YÍrh fuka u ukig o uq,a ;ekla Èh hq;= hehs b,a,d isáhs' hym;a udkisl ;;a;ajh YÍrfhka bgq lrk ls%hdjka muKla wkqu; lrk nj w,a,dya

m%ldY lrhs' zw,a,dya Tnf.a YÍrh fyda YdÍßl ,iaik n,kafka ke;' Tnf.a uki

135

iy ls%hd .ek muKla n,kafka h' hkqfjka kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï

;=ud m%ldY lf<a h' ^nqydß uqia,sï&

tu ksid u bia,dufha wjhj u.ska flfrk hyl%shdj,g jvd udkisl

hyls%shdj,g jeäfhka wksixi ,efnkq we;' ksfrda.S uki ;=<ska ksfrda.S hym;a

ls%hd iy hym;aa is;=ï me;=ï ìys úh yels h' frda.S ukila ;=<ska mdmh uqiq jQ ls%hd

ìys fjhs' YÍßl wjhjj, mdmhg jvd ukiska isÿ jk mdmh oeä h'

wdoï wff,ysiai,dï ;=udf.a mdmhg jvd bí,Siaf.a mdmh wêl f,i

ie,flhs' wdoï wff,ysiai,dï ;=udf.a mdmh wjhjj,ska isÿ úh' th ms<sf.k

t;=ud iudj whe§ h' w,a,dya thg iudj ÿkafka h' tkuq;a bí,Siaf.a mdmh

ukiska isÿ l< mdmhls' Tyq th ms<s.kafka o ke;' tA i|yd Tyqg o`vqjï lr msgux

lrk ,È'

wjhjj,ska isÿ lrk mdmh ñksid CI‚l j wjfndaO lr .kS' tkuq;a

ukiska isÿ lrk mdmh wjfndaO lr .ekSug wjldY wvq hs' ljqre fyda flfkl=

uki hym;a lr.kafka o Tyq ch.%dylfhls' ;j;a ljqre yda th mdmfhka jid

;nkafka o Tyq mrdð;fhl= ^91(9(10& hehs w,a l=¾wdka m%ldY lrhs'

tu ksid YdÍßl fhda.H;djg jvd udkisl fhda.H;djg uq,a;ek Èh hq;= h'

uki jeiS ;snqK;a th YÍrh ls%hd;aul lrjhs' flfkl=f.a uki msßisÿ kï Tyqf.a

ls%hd hym;a fjhs' uki wmsßisÿ kï Tyqf.a ls%hd o whym;a nj kì i,a,,a,dyq

wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=ud mjid we;'

YÍrfha tla;rd uia ms`vqjla ;sfí' th msßisÿ jqjfyd;a uq`¿ YÍrh u msßisÿ

fjhs' th wmsßisÿ jqjfyd;a uq`¿ YÍrh u whym;a fjhs' th is; fõ' ^nqydß& uki whym;a jqjfyd;a YÍrh frda.d;=r ùug bv we;s nj ffjoH f,dalh ms<s.kafka tA ksid h' ñksid YÍrh .ek is;k úg w,a,dya uki .ek is;kafka h' uki ñksidg muKla wh;a jQ jeo.;a fohls' ukig muKla foúhka .ek is;Sfï Yla;shla we;'

YÍrh jf.a u uki o frda.d;=r úh yelsh' YÍrh ukaofmdaIKh" fnda jk frda." yÈis wk;=re wdÈhg ,la ù frda.d;=r fjhs' fï f,i u wdYdj";Kaydj" ffIhs;dkaf.a fmd<Uùu" iSud fkdue;s Ôjk rdgdj" wka wh ;Dma;su;a lsÍug Ôj;a ùu hk lreKq u; uki frda.d;=r fjhs' fï ksid wyxldrlu" ffjrh" wka

wh wj;lafiare lsÍu" ¥IKh" jxpdj" wd;aud¾:ldñ;ajh jeks frda. we;s fjhs'

fï whf.a uqyqK u,dksl fjhs' Ôú;fha ;Dma;sh ke;s jk w;ru' iEu úg u

wjq,aiy.; j isák nj fmfka'

fï ;;a;ajfhka ñ§ug ks;r ks;r w,a,dya ms<sn| wdj¾ckh lsÍu Èla¾"

ÿwd" bia;s#*d¾ hk tAjdfha fh§ isàu wksjd¾h fjhs' iq`¿ fõ,djla j;a w,a,dya

iu. yqfol,dfõ isg uqkdcd;a lsÍu wjYHhh' w,a,dyaf.a ueùï .ek is;Su rd;s%

hd{dj, fh§u iqkak;a i,d;aj, nyq, j kshe,Su" k*s,a ijqï j, fh§u" Þkudk

lsÍu" hkdÈh uki j¾Okh lrhs¦ udkisl frda.j,ska wdrËd lrhs'

136

tu ksid YdÍßl fhda.H;dj yd udkisl fhda.H;dj j¾Okh lr hym;a

ñksil= f,i Ôj;a ù w,a,dyaf.a wdYs¾jdoh ,nd iaj¾.hg msúiSug wms W;aidy

oruq'

wNHdi

flá ms<s;=re fokak

01' YdÍßl fhda.H;dj hkq l=ula o@

02' udkisl fhda.H;dj hkq l=ula o@

03' YdÍßl fhda.H;dj wdrCId lr .ekSu i|yd l< hq;= j;a ms<sfj;a .ek

fláfhka i|yka lrkak'

04' YdÍßl fhda.H;dj mj;ajdf.k hdu iòyd wm úiska wkq.ukh l<

hq;= ls%hdud¾. bÈßm;a lrkak'

05' udkisl fhda.H;dj i|yd foúhkaf.a in|;dj ;=<ska flfia iydh

,efnkafka o@ hkak ms<sn| l=vd rpkhla ,shkak'

137

wka; foll t,an isák md¾Yaj folla w;r uOHia:Ndjh we;s lsÍu —ji;sh shd˜

hkqfjka ye¢kafjhs' bia,dï ish¨ u ls%hdj, fuu uOHia:Ndjh /lSu ms<sn| jeä

leue;a;la fmkajhs' th wkq.ukh lrk f,i wjOdrKh lrhs'

—^úYajdijka;hsks& tjeks ^Wia my;alula fkdue;s& uOHia:Ndjfhka hq;a

iudchla f,i Tn ìys lf<uq' tu ksid Tn,d wka& whg wdo¾Yhla fok& idCIshla

jYfhka bkak" ^wfma& ¥;hd Tng ^hy u. fmkakqï lrk& idlaIshla f,i isáhs'Z

^2(143& hkqfjka w,a l=¾wdkfha i|yka ù we;'

fuys § uqia,sï iudch —Wïu;ka ji;ka˜ uOHia:Ndjfhka hq;a iudchla

f,i y÷kajkq ,efí' tu ksid iudÔh fyda ;ks mqoa., iudc Ôú;h jeks ish¨

u ls%hdj, § uOHia:Ndjh wkq.ukh lrk f,i n,dfmdfrd;a;= fjhs' f,!lsl

ls%hdldrlïj, muKla wêl f,i ksr; ùu fyda wOHd;añl ls%hdldrlïj,

muKla ±ä f,i ksr; ùu ji;shshd ls%hdjg mgyeks fjhs

tla;rd wjia:djl kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=ud iy wíÿ,a,d

bnqkq wï¾ r<sh,a,dyq wkayq ;=ud w;r fonila we;s úh'

kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=ud (-

Tn oj,a ld,h uq`¿,af,a ijqufha fh§ isg rd;s%h uq`¿,af,a u foaj hd×j,

ksr; fjk nj wikakg ,enqKs'

bnqkq wï¾ r<sh,a,dyq wkayq ;=ud (-

Tõ w,a,dyaf.a ¥;hdKks"

kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=ud (-

tfia fkdlrkq" ijqufha ksr;jkak ijquh fkdue;s j o bkak ^rd;s%fha&

i,d;fha fhfokak' ksÞ .kak Tnf.a YÍrhg;a Nd¾hdjg;a" Tn yuq ùug tk

whg;a Tn úiska l< hq;= hq;=lï we;' ^nqydß&

uOHia:Ndjh wkq.ukh lsÍu

29

138

fuh weiQ bnqkq wï¾ r<sh,a,dyq wkayq ;=ud tA olajd wOH;añl ls%hdj, wêl

f,i ksr; ù isáh o tAjd uola ,sys,a lf<a h' ûqiakoa wyuoa&

iydndjre lsysm fofkla w,a,dyaf.a ¥;hdf.a ksfjig f.dia t;=udf.a Ôjk

rgdj .ek úuiSfuka miq ;uka bgq lrk bndo;a m%udKj;a fkdjk nj ;SrKh

l<y' Tjqkaf.ka flfkla uu uq`¿ rd;s%h mqrdjgu ^fkdksod& i,d;h bgq lrñ hehs

lSfõ h' ;j;a flfkla uu wjqreoao mqrdjg u fkdlvjd ijqufha fhfoñ hehs lSfõ h'

;=ka jekakd uu újdy fkdfjñ hehs lSfõ h' fuh ±k.;a kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys

ji,a,ï;=ud w,a,dyaf.a kdufhka uu Tn,dg jvd w,a,dyag ìh fjñ¦ hg;a fjñ¦

tfy;a uu ijqufha fhfoñ¦ iuyr úg fkdfhfoñ¦ ia;S%ka újdy lr isáñ' tu

ksid udf.a iqkakdj wkq.ukh fkdlrk wh ud iu. fkdisáú hehs lSfõ h'

^nqydß&

w,a l=¾wdkh fufia mjihs'z^Tnf.a jia;= Ôkh& lsisjla jeh fkdlr&

Tnf.a w;a Tnf.a fn,a, foig fkdyl=¿jkq ^Tnf.a jia;= ish,a, ,nd §& Tn ysia

w;ska fkdisákq' tu ksid Tn wiykhg m;ajkjd fiau wmyiq;djg o m;a fjhs'

^17(29&

fuys § f,daNfhla iy wêl j jeh lrkafkla fjkak tmd hehs w,a

l=¾wdka mjihs' uOHia:Ndjh wkq.ukh lrkak'

yÊ hd{dj bgq lrñka isá kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=ud uqia;,s*dfõ

/`§ isáfha h' ;ud fjkqfjka ^ólald;ays úis lsÍu i|yd& l=vd .,a álla /ia

lrf.k tk f,i bnqkq wíndia r<sh,a,dyq wkayq ;=ud heõfõ h' m%udKfhka

f,dl= .,a wjYHh hehs ck;dj úYajdi l< o bnqkq wíndia r<sh,a,dyq wkayq ;=ud

l=vd .,a leg wyq,df.k wdfõ h' fuu .,a leg wkqu; l< kì i,a,,a,dyq

wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=ud wkjYH foaj,a lsÍfuka j<lsk f,i Wmfoia ÿkafka h'

^wyauoa& zwkjYH yeÕSï ;=<ska ls%hd lrk wh ±kqu ,nd.kakZ hkqfjka f;jrla

wjOdrKh lf<A h' ûqia,sï& fufia ls%hd lrk wh wkjYH ls%hdj, fhfok wh

hehs —budï kjú ^rya&˜ ;=ud meyeÈ,s lf<a h' fujeks uOHia:Ndjh blaujk

wh fuf,dfõ iy mrf,djys nxfldf,d;a jQ njg we;s ksoiqkla kì i,a,,a,dyq

wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=ud b;d meyeÈ,s j mejiqfõ h' zjia;+kaj, nr Tn u; mgjd

fkd.kak' Tn úkdY fõú' Tng fmr jQ ñksiqka ;uka u;g wêl nrla mgjd

.;af;da h' t ksid u úkdY jQy' Tjqkaf.a kIagdjfYaI wdY%uj, yd fl!;=ld.drj,

olakg ,efí'Z ûqiakoa wyuoa&

YÍrh ,nd ÿka w,a,dya wd;auh o ,ndÿkafka h' YÍrh wdrCId lrkjd

fukau wd;auh o wdrCId l< hq;= fjhs' YrSrh fi!LH iïmkak fldg wOHd;auh

msgq oelSu fyda wOHd;añl j¾Okh ;ld YdÍßl fi!LH msgq oelSu hkak bia,dï

fkdfõ' ñksid w,a,dya fjkqfjka l< hq;= hq;=lï fkdmsßfy,d bgq lrk w;ru"

139

wka ñksiqkag ifydaor bia,dï Nla;slhkag yd uqia,sï fkdjk whg o ;ud l< hq;=

hq;=lï bgq l< hq;= h'

jrla —uqwdoa bnqkq cn,a˜ r<sh,a,dyq wkayq ;=ud i,d;h ^budï jYfhka& bgq

lrñka isáfha h' w,a,dya fj; ;snQ Nla;sh ksid i,d;fha §¾> iQrdjla mdrdhkd

lrñka isáfha h' Tyq miqmi isg i,d;h bgq lrñka isá flfkla bjiSu ì|

jeàu ksid kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=ud yuq ù meñ‚,s lrkak .sfha h'

uqwdoa r<sh,a,dyq wkayq ;=ud yuq jQ kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=ud —uqwdoa˜

Tn ck;dj lrorhg m;a lrkjd o@Z hkqfjka f;jrla ±äj weiqfõ h' miq j

zck;djg myiq lrkak wmyiq;djg m;a fkdlrkak Wkkaÿ lrjkak wlue;a;g

,la fkdlrkak'Z ûqia,sï& hkqfjka Wmfoia ÿkafka h' fuys § kì i,a,,a,dyq

wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=ud uOHia:Ndjh wkq.ukh l< wdldrh úoyd olajhs'

w,a l=¾wdkh lshk ;j;a iuyr foaYk foi wjOdkh fhduq lrkak'

—fyd¢ka wkqNj lrkak¦ ljkak' kuq;a ^tAjdfha& m%udKh blaujkak tmd˜ ^7(31&

zTn weú§fï § uOHia:Ndjh wkq.ukh lrkak Tnf.a y`v wvq lr.kak

y`v j,;a wlue;s u y`v nQrejdf.a ^Yío k.k& y~ h'Z ^31(19&

fuys § lEfï §" yd îfï§" m%udKh blauùuo" l:d lsÍfï iSudfjka f;drj

y`v ke.Su" weú§fï § fndfydau fõ.fhka fyda fifuka .uka lsÍu hkdÈh ms<sn|

wjjdo fldg uOHia:Ndjh wkq.ukh lrk fuka' w,a l=¾wdkh ksfhda. lr we;'

fuf,dfõ iy mrf,dj l%shdldrlïj, uOHia:Ndjh wkq.ukh l< hq;=

hehs w,a l=¾wdka ys my; i|yka jelsh meyeÈ,s lr we;' w,a,dya wmg ^wjYH ish¨

foh& fuf,dj § u ,nd fokq uekú" hkqfjka hÈk wh o ñksia iudch ;=< isá;s'

kuq;a fujeks whg mrf,dj lsis u msysgla jdikdjla ke;' tfia fkdj w,a,dya

wmg fuf,dfõ iy mrf,dj § wdksixi ,nd fokq" ^wmdfha udrl& .skaoßka wmsj

fírd.kq uekú hehs b,a,k wh o ñksiaiqka ;=< isá;s' ^2(200(201&

fuys § fuf,dj hym; muKla he§u msgq±l fuf,dj iy mrf,dj hym;

he§u m%Yxid fldg ;sîu" ie,ls,a,g Ndckh úh hq;= lreKls' tu ksid bia,duh

ksis f,i f;areï f.k thska mejfik ueÈ ms<sfj; Ôú;fha ishü ldrKd wxY

j, § ms<smÈuq'

140

wNHdi

01' Tn ñksiaiqkag idCIs jYfhka bkak' ¥;hd Tng idCIshla j isáhs' hk

jdlHh ;=< Tn y÷kd.kafka l=ula o@

02' ;%ia; ls%hd yd uOHia:Ndjh hk folg u wd.ñl WÞyrK folla iy

f,dalh iïnkaO WÞyrK folla ;=<ska meyeÈ,s lrkak'

03' w,a,dya iy .e;a;d w;r uOHia:Ndjh mdvfï i|yka WÞyrK f.k

meyeÈ,s lrkak'

141

—*slayq,a wõ,úhshd;a˜ hkqfjka ye¢kajk wrdì jpk zfm< .eiauZ hk

wre; fohs' th ;j;a meyeÈ,s lrkjd kï uqia,sï flfkl=g jeo.;a fohlg jvd

wjeo.;a fohlg fyda w;sjeo.;a fohlg jvd jeo.;a fohlg fyda m%uqL;ajh §u

;ykï fõ' m%uqL;ajh Èh hq;= foag m%uqL;ajh Èh hq;= hs' m%udo l< hq;= foa m%udo

l< hq;= h' nrm;, fohla w;miq lsÍu o fkdl< hq;= hs hkak fõ'

my; i|yka WÞyrKfhka fuh f;areï .; yels h' tla;rd m%foaYhl

ck;dj kshÕh ksid tÈfkÞ wjYH;d bgq lr .ekSug w;miq ù we;' tjeks

wjia:djl ;j;a msßila ;u ;=ka fjks —Wïrdj˜ bgq lsÍug iQÞkï fjñka isá;s' fï

wjia:dfõ kshÕfhka mSvdjg m;a ck;djg iykhla fokjd o ;=ka fjks Wïrdj

bgq lrkjd o hk m%Yakh u;= fõ' iudcuh jYfhka neÆ úg ;=ka fjks Wïrdj bgq

lrkjdg jvd kshx iykdOdr ,nd §u w;sYhska m%uqL;ajh .kS' fufia m%uqL;ajh

§u —*slayq,a wõ,úhshd;a˜ hkqfjka ye¢kafjhs'

;j;a ksoiqklg wjOdkh fhduq lruq' ;reKlu hkq idrj;a wkd.;hla

fjkqfjka jq mqyqKq j ,nd .kakd ld,h fõ'zuy¨lug fmr ;reKlu m%fhdackhg

.kqZ hkqfjka kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=ud wjOdrKh lf<a h' fuu

wjêh Ôú;h id¾:l lr .ekSu i|yd ±kqu" yelshdj" udkisl yslaóu" wdOHd;añl

mqyqKqj jeks foa ,nd .ekSug Wmfhda.S lr .; hq;= h' by; lreKq ;reK úfha §

m%uqL;ajh Èh hq;= lreKq fjhs' th yer ;dreKHh fkdksis lS%vd" iqrdj iQÿj fyda

fjk;a wh;d úfkdaÞxY jeks ld,h ld ouk l%shd u.ska f.jd ±óu WÑ; fkdfõ'

tu ksid ;reKHh wkd.;h fjkqfjka ,nd.kakd mqyqKqjla lr .ekSu —*slayq,a

wõ,úhshd;a˜ fjhs'

uqia,sïjrfhla ;ks mqoa.,hl= jYfhka o iudchla jYfhka o

;udf.ka bgq úh hq;= ls%hd w;=ßka uq,a ;ek Èh hq;= foa y÷kd f.k ls%hd l<

hq;= fjhs' w,a l=¾wdkh iy iqkakdj fuhg u. fmkajkafka h' w,a l=¾wdkh

tl úg iïmQ¾Kfhka u my< jqfha ke;' wjqreÿ 23la ;=< iudc" foaYmd,k"

wd¾Ól jeks úúO wxYj, wjYH;d y÷kdf.k jßka jr my< úh' w,a l=¾wdkfha

foaYkh wkqj úêu;a l%shd;aul l< hq;= jk fyhska fufia my< jkakg we;'

kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=ud o ;u o#jdfõ § m%uqL;ajh Èh hq;= foaj,g

m%uqL;ajh ,nd § u. fmkajd we;' kS;s y÷kajd §fï § w,a l=¾wdkh iy iqkakdj

wkqj l%udkql+,Ndjhla wkq.ukh lr we;'

*slayq,a wõ,úhd;a

30

142

;rd;srfuka wvq fohlg jvd ;rd;srfuka jeä fohlg m%uqL;ajh Èh hq;=

hehs w,a l=¾wdkh fmkajd § we;' WÞyrKhla jYfhka BYardh,a iudchg w,a,dya

—ukakq i,ajd˜ hk jákd wdydr j¾.h ms<s.eka jQfha h' Tjqyq idudkH wdydr fok

f,i o kì uQid wff,ysiai,dï ;=ud f.ka b,aÆy' tfy;a w,a,dya fuh m%;slafIAm

lr —ukakq i,ajd˜ m%uqL;ajh fok f,i mejiqfõ h' ^ 2(61 &

fufia ndysr fmkqug jvd wNHka;r fmkqug m%uqL;ajh fok f,i w,a l=¾wdkh

wjOdrKh lrhs' hqfoõ jrekaf.a lsí,dj o" uqia,sïjrekaf.a lsí,d j o hk .eg¨j

mek ke.=K úg zÈid wkq.ukh lsÍu jeo.;a jkafka ke;' ls%hd j, wka;¾.;

Budkh;a tA wkqidrfhka tk hym;a ls%hd j,ska muKla' wdksixi ,efíZ hehs" w,a

l=¾wdka ^ 2(177&meyeÈ,s lrhs'

hqoaOh iy iduh hk foflka l=ulgo m%uqL;ajh osh hq;af;a hkqfjka

w,a l=¾wdkh wjOdrKh lrhs' hqoaOhg jvd iduhg m%uqL;ajh Èh hq;= h' ^8(6&

bia,dufha iduh wksjd¾h o" hqoaOh meyeryeßh hq;= j o ;sfnk nj wjOdrKh

lrhs' zújdyhl § uqIaßlag jvd uq#ñkag m%uqL;ajh Èh hq;= hs'Z ^2(221&

zfuf,dj i|yd bmhSug jvd mrf,dj i|yd jQ bmhSug uq,a ;ekla Èh hq;= hZ

^16(30& hkak tA i|yd ksoiqka lSmhls'

o#jdj ;ks mqoa.,hl=f.ka wdrïN lrkjd o@ iudchla ;=<ska wdrïN

lrkjd o@ hk m%Yakhg kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=ud ;ks mqoa.,hka ìys

lr tA wkqidrfhka iudchla f.dvke.sh yels nj" W;a;r ÿkafka h' t;=udf.a

ulald ld,fha § ;ks mqoa.,hka ìys lsÍug m%uqL;ajh ÿkafka fï ksid h' fuhg

ulaldj yd u§kdj ;=< iudcfha olskakg ,enqK fN!;sl yd iudcuh fya;=

n,mEug we;' miq j ;ks mqoa.,hkag jvd iudchg m%uqL;ajh ,nd È iudchg u

o#jdj y÷kajd § bÈßhg f.k wdfõh' w,a l=¾wdkh tu iudchg —fflre Wïu;a˜

^jeo.;a iudchla& hehs m%Yxid lrhs'

iEu ls%hdjlg u tjd g iß,k f.!rjhla iy jákdlula ,eî we;' tAjd

WÑ; fõ,djg msßkukafka ke;s úg iudc widOdrKh isÿ fõ' y÷kd.;a ls%hdjkag

wm fhduq lrk wjOdkh wvqfjka fyda jeäfhka lrk úg tys § .eg¨ we;s úh

yels h' jákdlñka wvq tAjd bosßhg weú;a jákdlu jeä tAjd msgqmig ;,a¨ù hdfï

§ Woaf>daIK we;s úh yels h ' fujeks fohla we;s fkdùug —*slayq,a wõ,úhshd;a˜

wêl wjia:djla ,nd .kafka h' —IÍwd˜ ish¨ u ls%hd flfrys tAldldÍ j wjOdkh

fhduq fkdlrhs' tla tla ls%hdjg Bg WÑ; jákdlula ,nd § we;' fï ksid kS;s

úoaj;ayq *¾,a" jdðí" cdbia" ularEya" yrdï hkqfjka l%shd j¾. lr we;' iqkak;a

*¾,hg jvd m%uqL jkafka ke;' yrdï jQ foh y,d,a jQ foag jvd m%uqL fkdfõ'

i;Hh fndrefjka ch .; fkdyel' iqÿiqlï ke;s mqoa.,hd iqÿiqlï we;s mqoa.,hd

blauúh fkdyel' wjq,aiy.; ;;a;ajhla we;sfkdjkafka kï m%uqL;ajh Èh hq;=

foh ksrjoH f,i y÷kdf.k thg ksis ;ek ,nd Èh hq;= h'

143

w,a l=¾wdkh fufia i|yka lrhs' wkaOhd iy ukd fmkSula ;sfhk

;eke;a;d iudk jkafka ke;' ^tfia u& w÷r iy wdf,dalh iudk jkafka ke;'

fijK iy wõj iudk jkafka ke;' m%dKh iys; ;eke;a;d yd ñh.sh ;eke;a;d

iudk jkafka ke;' ^35(19-22& W.;d yd kQ.;d iudk jkafka ke;' ^39(7& úreoaO

jpkj,ska m%uqL;ajh fokafka l=ulg ±hs fuys wjOdrKh lr we;'

y§iaj, o fuh ±lsh yel' kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï ;=ud

wjia:dkql+j o tla tla mqoa.,hdf.a yelshdjg iqÿiq mßÈ úúO l%shdldrlïj,g yd

úúO lreKqj,g m%uqL;ajh ,nd § we;s nj olakg we;' WÞyrKhla f,i fY%AIaG

ls%hdj l=ula ±hs flfkla weiQ úg —kshñ; fõ,djg i,d;h bgq lsÍu˜ hkqfjka

mejiS h' fuu m%Yakhg ;j;a flfkla weiQ úg w,a,dya —w,a,dya flfrys úYajdih

lsÍuhs˜ hkqfjka lSfõh' fuys § ish¨ fokd u iydndjreka jqj o tA mqoa.,hdf.a

wjYH;dj fyda udkisl uÜgu fyda fn,ySklu fyda y÷kdf.k Wmfoia ,nd §

we;s nj ±k.kak ;sfí'

;ksmqoa.,hdf.a yelshdj" wjia:dj" j¾Okh" ±kqfï j¾Okh hk lreKq

wkqj l=ula i|yd m%uqL;ajh Èh hq;= o hk ±kqu wog w;HjYH jqjukdjla ù we;'

ulaksido h;a m%uqL;ajh Èh hq;= foa i|yd tfia fkdlsÍfuka fmr i|yka l<d

fuka iudc .eg¨ mq`¿,a ù meñŒug fya;= lreKq fjhs' iu.sfhka isàu hk —jdðí

jQ˜ ls%hdjg we;s w,i iajNdjh uqia,sï iudch ;=< .eg¨ /ila we;s lsÍug fya;=

ù we;s nj wo iudch ;=< iq,n j ±lsh yels h'

—*slayq,a wõ,úhshd;a˜ hkq iudkH ls%hdÞuhls' wjia:dkql+, j tlska tlg

m%uqL;ajh §u l< yels h' fujeks wjia:dj, Ißwdfõ iSudj blaujd fkdhdug

^*slayq,a wõ,úhshd;a& .ek ±kSula wjYHh fjhs' kì i,a,,a,dyq wff,ys ji,a,ï

;=udf.a wNdjfhka miq l,S*d flfkla f;dard .ekSfï § iydndjre th wkq.ukh

lf<da h' wnqWnhsÞ r<sh,a,dyq wkayq" Wu¾ r<sh,a,dyq wkayq iy wnQnl¾ r<sh,a,dyq

wkayq hk ;sfokdf.ka wnQnl¾ r<sh,a,dyq wkayq ;=udj bÈßm;a lsÍu ¥ro¾YSj is;d

l< ls%hdjls' tu f;aÍu —ls,d*;h˜ wdrCId lf<a h'

tu ksid fï .ek ±kSula" wjfndaOhla ,nd .ekSug W;aidy lruq'

144

wNHdi

01' my; i|yka ls%hdj,ska m%uqL;ajh Èh yels tAjd háka brla wÈkak'

i' bId i,d;h uiaðoys yqol,dfõ bgq lsÍu'

f.or jevj,g Woõ lsÍu'

ii' bId i,d;h cudwd;a j bgq lsÍu'

w,a l=¾wdkh lg mdvï lsÍu'

iii' ijia jrefõ lS%vd lrkak hEu'

mqia;ld,hg hEu'

iv' w,a l=¾wdkh mdrdhkd weiSu'

wk;=rg ,la jQ flfkla frday, fj; f.k hdu'

v' bßÞ Èkj, ñ;=rka iuÕ lhsjdre .eiSu'

kEoEhl= yuqùug hdu'

02' bia,dufha iduh jeo.;ah" hqoaOh wjeo.;ah hk lreK meyeÈ,s lrkak'

03' m<uqj l< hq;= fohla miqjg ±óu;a" miqj l< hq;= fohla m<uqj lsÍu;a

ksid we;sjk úkdYh WÞyrK iys;j meyeÈ,s lrkak'

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