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BIBLIOGRAPHY
THE sources for the biography of Bakunin are copious, but scattered and sometimes inaccessible.
MANUSCRIPT SOURCES
The largest collection of Bakunin manuscripts is the one made by Dr. Max N ettlau of Vienna, which has recently passed into the possession of the International Institute for Social History at Amsterdam. This collection contains, inter alia, all the political manuscripts left by Bakunin at his death. It has not yet been classified or made available to the student. Much of this material was, however, utilised and quoted by Dr. Nettlau himself in a three-volume manuscript biography of Bakunin (1896-1900), of which fifty duplicated and not easily legible copies were presented by him to the principal libraries of the world. (A copy is in the British Museum.) This biography also contains much information obtained by Dr. Nettlau orally from persons who had known Bakunin. A large part of the material contained in these volumes has been reproduced (for the most part in Russian translation) in various works listed below.
The manuscripts of a personal character left by Bakunin at his death passed into the possession of his wife. None of them has been published, and it is not known whether they have been preserved. Surviving members of the family vouchsafe no information on the subject.
A long letter from Bakunin to Herzen (seep. 293), withheld when the rest of Bakunin's letters to Herzen were published in 1896, remained in the possession of Herzen's eldest daughter. It is presumably among the papers which passed, on her death in 1936, to the Russky Zahranicni Arkhiv at Prague. But no information has yet been issued regarding these papers, which may include other unpublished Bakunin material.
The Dresden Staatsarchiv contains all the manuscripts found in Bakunin's possession on his arrest in May 1849, together with a mass of documents relating to his imprisonment and examination in Saxony. Only a small fraction of this material has been published.
The Archives of the Ministry of War at Prague contain the diary kept by Bakunin during his imprisonment at Konigstein, and many documents relating to his imprisonment and examination in Austria. The diary and some of the other documents remain unpublished.
PUBLISHED SOURCES
The most important printed collections of writings of Bakunin are the following:
M.A. Bakunin, Sobranie Sochinenii i Pisem, edited by Y. M. Steklov, 4 vols. (Moscow, 1934-6). This collection was designed to contain all
489
490 BIBLIOGRAPHY
the letters and other writings of Bakunin hitherto published in Russia or abroad or preserved in the Soviet Union in manuscript. No research abroad has been undertaken for it; and letters and other works originally written in foreign languages appear in Russian translations. The four volumes already published (out of twelve projected) carry us down to 1861. It is understood that two further volumes have been ready for the press for some time. But there is no sign of their early publication, and it is unfortunately doubtful whether this handy edition will be completed.
Pisma M.A. Bakunina k. A. I. Gertsenu i N.P. Ogarevu, edited by M. P. Dragomanov (Geneva, 1896). This was the first published collection of Bakunin's letters and is confined, with one or two exceptions, to letters to Herzen and Ogarev. The originals of most of these letters are in the Russky ZahranilSni Arkhiv at Prague, which has been good enough to communicate to me a few passages in them omitted by Dragomanov. This volume also contains a small and rather arbitrary selection of Bakunin's political writings and some biographical material. It is unfortunately full of minor mistakes due to inaccurate deciphering of Bakunin's handwriting.
Michel Bakounine, (Euvres, vol. i. edited by Max Nettlau; vols. ii.-vi., edited by James Guillaume (Paris, 1895-1913). This collection contains the more important of Bakunin's political writings from 1867 to his death and a few of his previously unpublished political manuscripts. Further volumes of this edition were projected, but never appeared.
Materiali dlya biografii M. A. Bakunina, edited by V. A. Polonsky (Moscow, vol. i., 1923; vol. ii., 1933; vol. iii., 1928). These volumes contain a miscellaneous, but valuable, collection of documents (including many Bakunin manuscripts) drawn from Russian, Saxon, and Austrian official archives, from Dr. Nettlau's manuscript biography, and from more or less inaccessible journalistic sources. They are unfortunately marred by much careless or ignorant copying and careless editing.
Bakuninstudien, by Josef Pfitzner (Prague, 1932). A series of essays on Bakunin's activities in 1848-9 based on thorough-going research in German, Austrian, Czechoslovak, and French archives. Many previously unpublished Bakunin manuscripts are printed in full or in extracts.
Ocherki Osvoboditelnogo Dvizheniya 60kll Godov, by M. K. Lemke (Petersburg, 1908). Contains many letters written by Bakunin from London in 1862 and intercepted by the Russian police, together with an account of the ensuing process.
Important material regarding Bakunin is to be found in the following: M olodye Gody M ikhaila Bakunina, by A. N. Kornilov (Moscow, 1917 ). Gody Stranstviya Mikhaila Bakunina, by A. N. Kornilov (Leningrad,
1925). These two volumes are based on documents from the Premukhino
archives, now in the Institute of Russian Literature at Leningrad, and cover the period down to Bakunin's exile to Siberia in 1857. The full text of Bakunin's letters quoted in them is now available in Steklov's Sobranie Sochinenii i Pisem. But they still contain important material
BIBLIOGRAPHY 491
not published elsewhere, notably letters from other members of the Bakunin family and from the Beyer family. Bakunin's letters subsequent to 1857 which were preserved in the Premukhino archives are printed in the journal Byloe, 1925, No. 3, pp. 49 sqq.
A. I. Gertsen, Polnoe Sobranie Sochinenii i Pisem, edited by M. K. Lemke, 21 vols. (Petersburg, 1919-25). In addition to Herzen's letters to Bakunin and letters and other works referring to him, this edition contains notes which are full of valuable information for the biographer of Bakunin.
L'Internationale: documents et souvenirs, by James Guillaume, 4 vols. (Paris, 1905-10). Guillaume's reminiscences are a primary source for an important period of Bakunin's career. These volumes also contain quotations from unpublished Bakunin manuscripts in Dr. Nettlau's collection, to which Guillaume had had access, as well as from manuscripts in his own possession, which he subsequently destroyed.
V Pogone za Nechaevym, by R. Kantor (Petersburg, 1922). This useful little brochure contains material from the Russian secret archives relating to the activities of the agent Roman-Postnikov.
The following collection of works or correspondence of contemporaries of Bakunin contains letters addressed to him or letters or other writings referring to him:
Perepiska Stankevicha, edited by A. Stankevich (Moscow, 1914). Belinsky, Pisma, edited by E. A. Lyatsky, 3 vols. (Petersburg, 1914). Arnold Ruges Briejwechsel und Tagebuchblatter aus den Jahren 1825-
1880, edited by P. Nerrlich, 2 vols. (Berlin, 1886). Brieje an und von Georg Herwegh (Stuttgart, 1895). Georg Herweghs Briejwechsel mit seiner Braut (Stuttgart, 1906). K. Marx iF. Engels, Sochineniya, 28 vols. (Moscow, 1928- ). The
now almost complete Russian translation of the writings of Marx and Engels, issued by the Marx-Engels-Lenin Institute, has been used in preference to the still far from complete edition of the original texts in course of publication by the same Institute.
The only biography of Bakunin of any great value (other than Dr. Nettlau's manuscript biography) is one by Y. M. Steklov in four volumes (Moscow, 1920-27). This is not an inspired work. It is frequently deficient in sympathy and understanding; and the canons of Soviet orthodoxy compel the author to take sides with Marx against Bakunin on every issue between them. But it is indispensable to the student, if only as a compilation of the available material; and references to it are given in the footnotes in the present biography wherever the original sources (e.g. Dr. Nettlau's biography or obscure journals) are likely to be difficult of access.
Numerous articles relating to episodes in Bakunin's career have appeared in Russian and German periodicals, and there are scattered references to Bakunin in many memoirs of the period. The titles of these have been cited in full in the relevant footnotes.
INDEX
Afanasiev, 233, 235 Aftonbladet, 290, 292, 305 Agassiz, 121, 234 Agoult, Comtesse d', 132 Aksakov, Konstantin, 180 Alexander I (of Russia), 5, 229 Alexander II (of Russia), 216, 222-3,
229, 240-41, 256, 260, 265-6, 288, 290, 294, 391
Alexis, Tsar (of Russia), 178 Alfonso XII (of Spain), 478 Altenburg, 197 Andrieux, 402, 405 Andrzejkowicz, 181, 187, 206 Anhalt, 165 Annenkov, 150 Appeal to the Slavs, An, 166, 169-70,
173-5, 177, 1.81-2, 206 Arad, 242 Arnim, Bettina von, 38, 64, 97, 116 Arnold, 161, 182-5, 188, 204 Arnoud, Arthur, 477, 479 Arona, 384, 445, 471-2 Aspromonte, 300 Assing, Ludmilla, 302 Augsburger Allgemeine Zeitung, 200 Austria, 139, 150-51, 154-60, 162, 170,
174-6, 180, 184, 201-10, 230, 234, 239-40, 249, 252, 261, 267, 286, 295, 300, 362, 408
Baden (Switzerland), 117, 124 Baden (Grand-Duchy of Baden), 155,
169, 273, 331 Bakhmetiev, 381-2, 386-8, 390, 392,
452 Bakhovkino, 4 Bakunin, Alexander (father of Mich
ael), 4-9, 13-15, 27-9, 34, 42, 45-8, 51, 73, 75, 78, 83-4, 93, 99, 101, 120, 124, 216, 218, 221
Bakunin, Alexander (brother of Michael), 5, 45-6, 88, 217,224,252-3,278
Bakunin, Alexandra (sister of Michael), 5, 42-3,45,77-8,81,85, 88,125, 217, 253, 481
Bakunin, Alexis (brother of Michael), 5, 36, 45, 85, 88, 103, 115, 217, 221-223, 253, 481
Bakunin, Antonia (wife of Michael), 226-8, 232, 253-5, 260-61, 270, 295, 300-301, 311-12, 322, 347, 350, 353, 372, 384-5, 406, 409, 443, 445-6, 457, 464-77, 479, 482-4, 486, 488
Bakunin, Ekaterina (cousin of Michael), 222
Bakunin, Ilya (brother of Michael), 5, 45, 217
Bakunin, Lyubov (sister of Michael), 5, 13-15, 19, 22, 34, 42-3, 49-53, 59, 69-70, 73, 77, 84-5, 105, 485
Bakunin, Michael Vasilevich (grandfather of Michael), 3-4
Bakunin, Natalie (wife of Paul, nee Korsakov), 231, 251, 253, 260, 312
Bakunin, Nicholas (brother of Michael), 5, 45, 80, 88, 101, 104, 119, 217-18, 253, 481
Bakunin, Paul (brother of Michael), 5, 9, 39, 48, 80, 85, 88, 95, 99, 101-5, 112, 114-15, 118-19, 134, 217-20, 224, 312, 481
Bakunin, Tatyana (sister of Michael), 5, 14, 19, 22, 24, 35-6, 42-4, 46, 49-50, 63, 75, 77, 85, 88-9, 99-100, 102, 104, 120, 134, 138, 216-17, 220-21, 253, 322, 398-9, 481, 485
Bakunin, Varvara (mother of Michael, nee Muraviev), 4-5, 7-8, 14, 22, 24, 56, 218, 221-3, 228, 231
Bakunin, Varvara (sister of Michael), 5, 9, 14, 19, 29, 32, 35, 39, 42, 49, 52-7, 60, 64, 69, 73, 75, 84, 90, 93-5, 98-9, 101-2, 105, 118, 135, 216, 219, 253, 485
Bale, 117,361-74,410-11,415-16,419, 425, 443, 465
Barcelona, 349, 363, 407, 419 Barletta, 462, 465 Bami, 329 Baronata, 462-71, 480-81 Bastelica, 349, 401, 406 Bayer, General, 188 Bears of Berne, The, 391 Becker, 338, 350, 359, 366-9, 411 Beethoven, 12, 98, 101, 114, 186, 487 Belgium, 124-6, 144-8, 165, 316, 320,
427-8, 430 493
494 INDEX
Belgrade, 242 Belinsky, Vissarion, 30, 39-45, 48-9,
51, 54-5, 58-63, 65-77, 79-80, 86-8, 100, 137-8, 217, 322, 447
Bell, The, 229, 243-4, 256-7, 260, 263-269, 274-6, 278, 293, 296-7, 303, 320, 334, 351, 389-92, 413, 453
Bellerio, Carlo, 406, 467, 469-72, 476, 478-9, 481-2
Bellerio, Emilio, 406, 4 76 Bellinzona, 462, 467 Benardacci, 230-32 Beranger, 4 76 Berlin; 27, 56-7, 73, 82-3, 85, 87, 89-
90, 93-103, 107, 113-14, 116, 140, 151, 153-4, 162-5, 168-9, 174, 232
Bernard, Simon, 249 Bernays, 126 Berne, 121,124,132,334,336,339-40,
346, 351, 396, 408, 414, 450, 456-7, 461, 463, 475, 487-8
Bernstein, 126 Bertani, 300 Bessarabia, 242 Bettoli, Angelo, 372, 409 Beyer, Alexandra, 21, 23-4,32-4, 64-5,
73, 84-5, 89, 99, 103, 135, 217 Beyer, Madame, 21, 32-3 Beyer, Natalie, 21-5, 32-4, 49, 64, 73,
84-5, 89, 120, 135, 217 Bezobrazov, 310 Bismarck, 394, 410, 478 Blanc, Gaspard, 395, 401, 406, 415 Blanc, Louis, 126, 137, 327 Blanche, 288, 291 Blanqui, 122 Blum, Robert, 168 Bluntschli, 123-4 Bohemia, see Czechs Bologna, 418, 467-9, 482 Bonaparte, Prince Jerome, 248, 272 Borchert, 9 Borkheim, 368 Borne, 112 Bornholm, 89 Botkin, Vasili, 68-9, 73, 75, 77-81, 86,
88, 108, 125-6, 217, 241 Bourbaki, 409 Branicki, 279, 281, 283 Breslau, 154-6, 162, 164-5, 171 Bright, John, 327 Brighton, 24 7 Britto, 280, 289 Brosset, 363 Bukovina, 157 Bulgarians, 448
Buloz, 242 Byron, 202, 301
Cabet, 127 Cafiero, Carlo, 418, 462-8, 470-76,479,
483 Cafiero, Olympia (nee Kutuzov), 464-
466, 483 Calcutta, 245 Capefigue, 18 Capital, 337, 383-4, 386, 429, 479 Caprera, 300, 304, 318 Carrington, s.s., 234 Casamicciola, 316 Catechism of a Freemason, 304 Catherine, Grand-Duchess, 5 Catherine II (of Russia), 3, 8, 179,
229, 265 Caucasus, 33, 60, 65, 246, 268, 281 Caussidiere, 149-50, 152, 177 Cavaignac, 128, 169 Cavour, 249 Champseix, Madame de, 334, 353,
477, 484 Charles XV (of Sweden), 289-91 Chartists, 14 7 Chateaubriand, 36 Chekhov, 21 Chemnitz, 194 China, 234 Chislehurst, 415 Circular to my Italian Friends, 418 Claparede, 328 Cluseret, 402, 405 Cologne, 129, 146, 153-4, 169, 171 Commune (of Paris), 415-17, 444,
477 Communist Manifesto, 146, 171, 319 Como, 90 Comte, 316 Confession of Faith of a Russian
Social-Democrat, 369-71 Confession (to the Tsar), 38, 82, 114,
128, 130, 132-3, 142, 145, 152, 158, 161, 173, 181, 183-4, 192, 208, 211, 216, 230, 251, 262, 266, 290-91
Considerand, 127 Constantine, Grand-Duke, 271 Constantinople, 212, 242, 268, 303 Constitutionnel, 127, 141 Copenhagen, 279-81, 283-4 Cosmopolitan Review, 246 Costa, 469 Courtavenel, 138 Cracow, 141, 155, 164, 208 Crebillon, 16
INDEX 495
Crimea, 217-18 Crimean war, 221 Croats, 156-7,168,175-6,250 Cronstadt, 89, 98 Cuba, 428 Cwiercziakiewicz, 279, 282, 285 Czartoryski, Adam, 140, 151, 282 Czechs, 156-7, 168, 175-6, 178, 181-5,
187-9, 205, 250, 258
Danielson, 429, 433 Danton, 395 Dashkov, 289-90, 295 Decembrists, 5-6, 30, 145 Delescluze, 370 Democratic Pan-Slavism, 17 5 Demontowicz, 281, 285, 305 Denmark, 212, 280, 283-4, 316 Descartes, 66, 199 Dessau, 205 D'Ester, 146, 181, 189 Deutsche Bote, 113, 117 Deutsche Jahrbilcher, 109, 119, 125,
137 Deutsch-Franzosische Jahrbilcher, 126 Dolgorukov, 222-3, 225-6, 231 Dostoevsky, 21, 106, 473 Dresden, 99, 101-5, 109-14, 116-18,
124-6, 140, 165, 181, 185-93, 197, 202-3, 206-7, 211, 401, 487
Dresdener Zeitung, 177, 187, 189, 209 Dnbbelt, 76 Duchiltel, 144, 147 Dupont, 330, 336 Dyakov, 19, 47-8, 53-7, 75, 78, 101-2,
217
Eccarius, 365, 367 Economic Contradictions, 131 Edwards, Sutherland, 248 ~frer_nov, 25-6, 30, 95 Egaltte, 354, 362, 4ll Elba, 5 Elpidin, 333, 337 Ems, 99, 103 Engels, 146-7, 168-9, 175-7, 278, 306-
307, 350, 371, 414, 418, 425, 430-31, 433, 452, 458
Fanelli, 315, 319, 394, 416, 419, 437 Fascism, 439 Fazy, 327 Federalism, Socialism and Anti
Theologism, 335 Fe(leration Jurassienne, 426-30, 448-
MD, 451, 460
Federation Romande, 354-6, 362, 412-414,425-6
Felix, 293 Ferdinand, Emperor (of Austria),
156-7 Feuerbach, 75, 108, Ill, 129, 434 Fichte, 31-2, 37, 41-2, 44-5, 48, 53-4,
59, 61-2, 66, 74 Finland, 280, 288, 2D4, 296, 304,
342 Flocon, 128, 150-51, 163, 182 Florence, 4, 253, 280, 300-312, 315-16,
320-22, 353, 409, 416, 420 Folkstrue, 304 Follen, 121 Francis-Joseph, Emperor (of Austria),
250 Frankfurt, 99, 153-4, 160, 168, 171,
189-DO, 444 Franz, 204-5, 207 Free Press, 246-7, 251, 306 Freemasonry, 125, 165, 303-4, 30D Freiberg, 193-4 Freiligrath, 252 Fric, Joseph, 161, 188, 250-52, 261 Fric, Vyacheslav, 250, 261 Friedrich-Wilhelm IV (of Prussia),
107, IOD, 113, 151 Friscia, 315 Frobel, 121, 162 Frolov, D5
Galatz, 268, 303 Galicia, 141, 174, 188 Gambetta, 401-2, 407 Gambuzzi, 315, 322-3, 332, 335, 343,
349, 353-4, 362, 372-3, 384, 394, 409, 416, 437, 470, 472, 474, 477, 482, 484, 486
Garibaldi, 252, 261, 273, 289, 300-302, 307, 309, 318, 327, 329-31, 418, 437, 478
Gazette des Tribunaux, 132-3 Geer, Baron de, 290-91 Geneva, 250, 277, 299, 320, 323,_ 327-
340, 347-8, 350-54, 357, 359, 361-3, 371-4, 376, 379, 383-91, 396, 399-400, 405-6, 410-14, 416, 419-20, 424-6, 430, 444
Genoa, 300, 384, 407 Georgia, 268 Ghika, Prince, 189 Gianelli, 303 Gibbon, 74 Girardin, 128 Goethe, 20, 38, 64, 97, 240
496 INDEX
Gogo!, 32 Golinski, 241 Golovin, 133, 246 Gorchakov, 222 Gospel of a Poor Sinner, The, 123 Gothenburg, 280-82, 295 Gothland, 283 Granovsky, 79, 97 Greece, 212 Grodno, 17 Guarantees of Harmony and Freedom,
112 Gubernatis, 309-10, 315 Gmi, 301, 310 Guesde, Jules, 426 Guillaume, James, 354-7, 362, 372,
378, 385, 403, 413, 417, 421-2, 427, 430-33, 450, 468, 470-71, 473-4, 488
Guizot, 144, 147-8, 199
Hague, The, 345, 410, 416, 419, 421-2, 429-33, 438, 449-51, 458-9
Hakodate, 233 Hallische Jahrbucher, 75, 108 Hamburg, 89 Harvard, 234 Haxthausen, 178 Hegel, 56, 59-72, 79-81, 94-5, 106-11,
126, 131, 137-8, 380, 434 Heidelberg, 153 Heimberger, 183, 185, 188 Heine, 89, 112 Heinze, 191-2 Helsingborg, 282-3 Heitman, 188-9, 191 Heng, 363 Herwegh, Emma, 113, 117, 125, 131,
198 Herwegh, Georg, 112-18, 122, 125, 129,
131-2, 138, 153-5, 162, 172, 198, 204, 312-13, 444
Herzen, Alexander, 30, 79-80, 83-4, 88, 97, 106, Ill, 135-8, 142, 149, 179, 198, 200, 213-14, 223, 229-30, 234, 239-45, 247-9, 251-4, 256-60, 262-9, 272, 274-6, 278-82, 285, 287, 291, 293-9, 303-6, 308, 313, 316, 320, 327-8, 334, 348, 351, 369-71, 373, 376-7, 381-2, 384-7, 393,447, 452-3, 470
Herzen, Alexander (Sasha, son of the above), 241, 291, 293-4, 298, 302, 328, 387, 389, 418
Herzen, Natalie (wife of Alexander the elder), 88, 136, 313
Herzen, Natalie (daughter of Alexander the elder), 241, 279, 387-90, 392
Herzen, Olga (daughter of Alexander the elder), 241
Hess, 368-70 Heubner, 190, 192-4, 197, 201 Hexamer, 181-2 Hiller, 274 Hitler, Adolf, 139 Hoffmann, 20, 38 Holstein, 445-6, 448, 451, 454-5 How the Revolutionary Question pre-
sents Itself, 379, 459 Hugo, Victor, 327 Hungary, 151, 156-8, 174-5, 185, 188,
209, 212, 302 H vracanih, 446, 448
India, 239 Innsbruck, 156-7 International Working Men's Associa
tion ("First International"), 306-8, 330, 336-41, 344-5, 34 7-52, 354, 356, 358-70, 402, 407, 410-34
Irkutsk, 228, 230-33, 235, 253, 255, 287
Isabella, Queen (of Spain), 349 Ischia, 316, 332 Ivanov, 383, 389
Jellacic, 156, 168, 176 Jolissaint, 329 Jottrand, 146 Journal de Geneve, 459 Justificatory Memoir, 467, 469-71,473
Kalinka, 282, 285 Kant, 26-8, 31, 37, 66 Kapp, 234 Karavelov, 448 Karlsbad, 51, 56-7 Karlsruhe, 115 Kartuz-Bereza, 17 Kastri, 233 Katkov, 66, 79, 81, 86-7, 96, 232,
257 Kazan, 217 Keil, 166, 170 Kelsiev, 239, 249, 262-3, 296 Kiselev, 144, 320 Knouto-Germanic Empire, The, 407,
443, 453 Kock, Paul de, 40, 209, 484 Koe, 234, 24 7, 263 Koethen, 165-7, 169-70, 181, 198
INDEX 497
Kolb, 478 Konigstein, 190, 197-200, 206, 210 Korsakov, 231-2, 235, 253-4 Kossuth, 182, 302 Kozitsino, 57, 64, 85, 105 Kraevsky, 76, 80 Krasnoyarsk, 443, 464 Kravchinsky, 477 Kropotkin, 354, 464 Kryzanowski, 188-9, 191 Kiirnberger, 197 Kutuzov, Olympia, see Cafiero Kwiatkowski, Ksaweri, 226, 228, 464,
475 Kyakhta, 232-3
La Chaux-de-Fonds, 358, 412-14, 426, 449
Lafargue, Paul, 428, 432, 458 Lalande, 243 Lamartine, 148, 199 Lamennais, Ill, 127 Land and Liberty, 260, 267-9, 278,
292-3, 296, 299, 305, 333 Lankiewicz, 400-401, 406 Lapinski, 281, 284, 286 Lassalle, 169, 369 Last Word on M. Mieroslawski, A,
277 Lausanne, 330, 451 Lavrov, 453-4 Le Locle, 354-8, 421 League of Peace and Freedom, 331-2,
334-45, 347, 354, 362, 364 Leipzig, 154, 165-6, 170, 181-3, 185-
186, 198 Lelewel, 126, 140, 145-6 Lermontov, 455 Leroux, Ill, 126-7 Lessner, 305 Letters to a Frenchman, 395, 403, 405 Levashov, Ekaterina, 33, 64 Levashov, Olga, 333, 346-7, 353, 372,
4ll Levin, Rahel, 96-7 Liberte, 451 Liebknecht, Wilhelm, 366-70 Linton, William, 248 Lissowska, Anna, 164-5 Lithuania, 18, 167, 171, 273, 275-6,
279, 292, 449 Liverpool, 235 Locarno, 373-5, 383, 385-6, 390-97,
399, 406-ll, 416-18, 421, 424-5, 443-6, 448, 452-3, 455, 458, 461-71, 476, 483
Locke, 74 London, 126, 138, 140, 146-7, 179,
224,229,235, 239-56, 259-64,267-9, 273, 278-81, 291-9, 304-5, 308, 312, 318, 320, 333-4, 346, 350, 360, 392, 416, 418, 424-6, 431, 443-4, 449, 458, 465, 470, 478
Longfellow, 234 Lopatin, 389 Losowska, Sofia, 464, 468, 472, 474-
475, 480, 485 Louis-Philippe, King (of France),
147-8 Lubeck, 57, 88-9 Lub1iner, 145 Lucerne, 396 Lugano, 372-3, 474-8, 480, 483-6 Luguinin, 409, 416 Lukasiewicz, 164 Lusatia, 182 Luther, 64 Liitzen, 99 Lyons, 349, 362-3, 385, 394-407, 415,
444, 458 Lyubavin, 383-4, 386, 391, 428-9,
433
Madrid, 349, 419, 428 Magdeburg, 122-3 Magyars, see Hungary Mainz, 153 Malmf>, 284, 286, 289 Malon, Benoit, 333, 415-16, 477, 484-
485 Malta, 189, 458 Manderstrpm, 289-90 Mannheim, 153 Marrast, 127 Marseilles, 349, 385, 395, 405-7, 458 Martin, 193 Martyanov, 264-7 Marx, Francis, 306 Marx, Karl, 108, 121, 126, 128, 131,
139, 145-6, 163-4, 168, 171-2, 175-7, 180, 184, 235, 240, 246, 251,. 278, 305-8, 319, 336, 338, 341, 345, 347, 350-51,359,361,363-71,375-6,383-384, 386, 411-14, 416-18, 420-40, 451, 458-9, 479
Massillon, 11 Mazzini, 252, 295, 309, 316, 318, 373,
416-18, 462, 477 Mazzini's Political Theology, 417 Mazzotti, 482 Mechnikov, 302, 308, 321 Memel, 286
498 INDEX
Mentone, 445 Merode, Comte de, 147 Merrucan, 127 Metternich, 139, 151 Metz, 394 Mexico, 342 Meyerbeer, 109 Mickiewicz, 140-41 Mieroslawski, 142, 272-6, 407 Milan, 151, 168, 394, 416-17, 465,
480 Mill, J. S., 327, 434, 478 Miloradov, 156, 262 Milowicz, 274-5 Minutoli, 154 Modestov, 301 Moldavia, 242 Molodechno, 17 Montalembert, Comte de, 147 Montenegrins, 158 Montreux, 333 Morago, 420 Morning Advertiser, 246, 251 Moscow, 3, 5, 19, 2}, 25-34, 36, 38,
40, 42-3, 46, 50, 54, 56, 62-4, 73, 75, 77-9, 81, 88, 98, 100, 108, lll, 135,179-80,221,226,241,379,383, 447
Moscow Observer, 66, 68 Mozart, 98 Mroczkowski, 314, 316, 320-21, 332,
342-3, 352, 445, 463 Muller-Strubing, 96, 101, 162, 164,
168-9 Muraviev, General Nicholas, 228-31,
266, 437' 439 Muraviev, Nicholas, 16, 17, 65, 76 Muraviev, Sergei, 76-7 Muraviev, Sophie, 65 Muraviev, Varvara, see Bakunin,
Varvara Mussolini, Benito, 139 Myslowitz, 164-5
Nabruzzi, 463, 477 Nalbandyan, 254, 259-60, 262 Naples, 85, _312-23, 328, 332, 349, 362-
363, 394, 416, 420, 472, 486, 488 Napoleon I, 5-6, 165, 179, 221, 243 Napoleon III, 248-50, 295, 299, 394-
395, 414-15 National, Le, 127 Neander, 74 Nechaev, 375-94, 396-7, 408, 410,412-
413, 415, 426, 428, 432-3, 435, 445, 448-50, 457, 459, 483
Neuchatel, 121, 396, 473-4 Neue Rheinische Zeitung, 163, 171,
175, 246, 306 Neva, 89 Neverov, 97 New York, 234-5, 350, 431 Nice, 328 Nichiporenko, 261 Nicholas I (of Russia), 124, 133, 137,
143, 152-3, 159, 168, 176, 179, 203, 205, 208-16, 222-3, 228, 230, 256, 266, 437
Nicotera, 486 Nikolaevsk, 228, 233 Nilov, 10-13, 15-16 Nizhny-Novgorod, 268 Norway, 316 Notes of the Fatherland, 76, 80 Novi, 90 Nyon, ll7, 124
Obolensky, Prince, 321, 332 Obolensky, Zoe, 314-16, 321, 332-3,
347, 353, 372, 385, 391, 463 Odessa, 217, 268 Oelsnitz, 445-6, 448, 451, 455-6 Ogarev, Lisa, 241, 243 Ogarev, Maria, 79-81 Ogarev, Natalie, 208, 239, 287, 328,
387, 389-90 Ogarev, Nicholas, 30, 79-81, 135, 239,
242-4, 252, 257, 259-69, 280, 296, 298, 316, 320, 327-9, 334, 336, 370, 373-4, 377, 379, 380-84, 388-92, 394, 408, 4ll, 444, 449-52, 478-9
Old Believers, 157, 160, 262-4, 267, 296
Olga, 225 Olmutz, 205, 207-10 Omsk, 225 Orlov, 210-ll, 215-16, 222 Orsini, 249 Osuga, 6, 8, 45 Otto, Franz, 198, 200-201, 204-5 Ozerov, 401-5, 444, 451
Padlewski, 274 Padua,4 Paape, Caesar de, 321, 338 Paget, Sir Augustus, 283-4 Palacky, 158, 160 Palix, 3&3, 401-3, 406 Panaev, 77, 86 Panama, 234 Paphnutius, 262-3 Paris, ll2, 122, 125-38, 140-52, 163,
INDEX 499
165, 167, 172, 174, 177, 179, 181, 188, 202, 240-41, 245, 272-3, 279, 281, 283, 286, 298, 320, 349-50, 368-9, 384, 395, 401, 414, 444, 449, 453
Pascal, 484 Paasy, 137 Pederzolli, 4 77-8, 482-3 Pedrazzini, 373 Pekin, 233 Pellicer, 419 Penza, 79 People's Gause, The, 265-6, 346-7,
352, 372 Perm, 79 Perron, 347-9, 354, 359, 361-2, 379,
4ll, 413, 420 Persia, 239 Pescantini, ll7-18, 124 Pescantini, Johanna, ll7-18, 124,
135, 204 Pescieri, 261 Peste!, 265 Peter I (of Russia), 180, 201 Peter-and-Paul fortress, 209-10, 214,
216, 218, 221, 246, 253, 260, 262, 376, 389, 437, 445
Petersburg, 3, 5, 10-13, 15-16, 30, 45, 57, 75-7, 79, 81, 86-9, ll9, 124, 136-144,179,209,211,218,220-22,224-226, 255-7, 260-61, 265, 272, 278, 290, 292, 294, 304, 333, 375-6, 383, 408, 445, 450, 453, 464, 483
Poland, 17, 19, 139-51, 154-6, 159-60, 164-5, 168, 174, 176, 182, 187, 191, 198, 239, 243, 249-50, 270-89, 292-4, 296,299,305-6, 342,419,446,448-9, 452, 458
Poles (alias Tugendhold), 281-2, 285 Political Confession, 201, 214 Poltoratsky (grandmother of Mich-
ael), 45, 47 Poltoratsky, Paul, 4 Poludensky, Maria, 136, 147-8, 156 Ponamarev, 34 Posen, 151-2, 154, 212 Postnikov, see Roman Posttidningen, 290 Potebnya, 272 Potekhin, 261 Prague, 156-9, 161, 164, 168-9, 171,
174, 178-9, 182-3, 185-6, 188-9, 203-205, 209, 253-4, 262, 270
Premukhino, 3, 6, 8-10, 13-19, 22-3, 25-6, 34, 38-9, 40-64, 69, 73, 75-8, 83-5, 94, 99-101, 103, lOG, llG, 120,
124,134,186,215-16,218,221,224, 253-5, 305, 408, 443, 464-5, 480-82, 485
Presse, La, 128 Principles of Revolution, 379 Progres, 357-8, 362, 385 Proudhon, Ill, 128, 130-31, 137, 172,
214, 414, 437 Prussia, 96, ll3-14, ll7, 130, 139, 141-
142, 154-5, 162, 164-5, 168-9, 172, 191-2, 212, 272, 408, 434
Pugachev, 178-9, 265, 380 Pulszky, 302, 309 Pushkin, 89, 96 Pyat, 126 Pyatigorsk, 62
Quadrio, 373 Quanten, Emil von, 289, 294, 305 Quinet, Edgar, 327
Radetsky, 168 Ralli, 445-6, 448, 451, 453-6 Ralston, 248 Ranke, 101 Raphael, 192 Razin, Stenka, 178, 380 Reaction in Germany, 109-10, ll2,
167, 434 Reclus, Elie, 415 Reclus, Elisee, 344, 415, 478, 488 Reeve, Miss, 241, 313 Rt!forme, La, 128, 133-4, 140, 147,
167 Reichel, Adolf, ll4-15, 121, 124-8,
132, 167, 181, 198, 334, 373, 400, 487
Reichel, Maria, 334, 373, 400, 487-8 Reichel, Matilda, ll4-15, 135, 198,
202 Renne, 13-16, 28 Reply of an Internationalist to Gui-
seppe M azzini, 41 7 Reval, 283 Reveil, Le, 369-70 Revue des Deux Mondes, 219, 242 Revue Independante, 127 Rey, Aristide, 344, 369, 415 Rheinische Zeitung, 129 Richard, Albert, 344, 349, 362-3, 385,
394-5, 401, 403, 415, 421, 437 Richter, Jean Paul, 20, 38 Rimini, 429, 450 Robin, 4ll Rockel, 186-8, 197, 201 Roma del Popolo, 417
500 INDEX
Roman (alias Poatnikov), 396-400, 403,406,408,422,444
Rome, 90, 93, 300, 417-18, 435, 462 Ross, Armand, 444, 451, 453-5, 465-8,
470-74, 476, 483 Rossini, 98 Ro~au, 9, 117,180,435 Ruge, 108-9, 111, 114, 119-20, 123,
125, 129, 132, 154-5, 247, 251-2 Russian CorulitioM, 177, 181 Ruthenes, 156, 174, 276
Sabashnikov, 232 Sabina, 161, 182, 185, 188 Saint-Imier, 450-52 St. Peter's Island, 117-19, 126 Saint-Simon, 111 San Francisco, 233-4, 249 Sand, George, 113, 116, 127, 163, 240 Sander, Enno, 165 Santandrea, 482,487 Saxony, 114, 117, 181, 188-91, 197,
202, 204-6, 210 Sazonov, 135-7 Schelling, 26, 95, 101, 118 Schenk, 475 Schiller, 36, 48, 74 Schlegel, 21, 199 Schleswig-Holstein, 190, 212, 342 Schiiisselburg, 221-2, 260 Schopenhauer, 478 Schreck, 181 Schweizerische Republikaner, Der,
121, 167 Schwitzguebel, 426, 430-33, 450, 488 Scott, 89 Sedan, 395 Semipalatinsk, 242 Sentinon, 363, 419 Serbs, 158, 161, 448 Serebrennikov, 389 Serno-Solovievich, Alexander, 333-4,
351 Serno-Solovievich, Nicholas, 260-61,
267-8 Serov, 218 Shakespeare, 101, 199 Shanghai, 233 Shelley, 36 Siberia, 124, 210, 213-15, 224-35, 260,
262, 277, 282, 300, 350, 385, 389, 437, 439, 451, 464, 466, 470
Sicily, 273, 320 Siegmund, 154 Sierre, 4 72-4 Simferopol, 217
Skorzewski, 165 Skrzyniecki, 147 Slavonic Lime-Tree, 182 Sleptsov, 268-9, 299 Slovaks, 156, 161, 164, 168, 175-6,
250 Smirnov, 451, 454 Smolensk, 274 Social-Democratic Alliance, 345-53,
355-61, 363, 378, 407, 410-25, 431-432
Sokolov, 454 Bolger, 234 Solman, Henriette, 97 Sologub, 36 Sonvillier, 426 Sonvillier Circular, 427-8 Sorrento, 311-12 Spain, 316, 342, 349, 357, 410, 419,
421, 427-8, 430-31, 439, 458-9, 478
Sperafico, 373 Spichiger, 426, 474 Spliigen, 467-9, 472-3 Sretensk, 233 Stankevich, 20, 27, 30-32, 38, 40, 49-
50, 57, 59, 68, 72-3, 77, 81, 85, 90, 93-5, 97, 217, 232
Stein, 111 Stempkowski, 448-9 Stirner, 434, 437 Stolzmann, 140 Straka, Adolf, 181, 185-6, 250 Straka, Gustav, 181-2, 185-6, 188,
204 Strassburg, 96, 115, 152 Straube, 304 Strauss, 74-5, 108, 434 Strelok, 233, 235 Stroganov, 62-3 Stur, 164 Sutherland, Henry, 328, 411, 413 Sutherland, Mary, 328, 478 Sweden, 269, 284, 288-97, 305, 316,
320, 342 Switzerland, 112, 116-22, 171, 177,
294, 320-21, 323, 327, 342, 350, 375, 393-4, 396, 403, 407, 412, 414, 420, 434, 444, 455, 457, 459-61, 466, 469, 478, 486-8
Tambov, 10 Tchorzewski, 241, 247, 328, 403 Teleki, 182, 188 Telescope, The, 40-45, 59, 66 Tennyson, 467
INDEX 501
Thiers, 199 Tieck, 20 To All Theae Gentlemen, 353, 355 To my RU8sian, Polish, and Other
Slav Friends, 243-4, 270 Todt, 190, 192 Tol, 226 Tolstoy, Count (Governor of Tver), 28 Tolstoy, Grigori, 125-6, 135 Tolstoy, Jacob, 144 Tolstoy, Leo, 439 Tomsk, 225, 227, 230-31, 254 Torzhok, 85, 100 Tours, 407 Travemiinde, 89 Traversi, Marquis de, 259-62 Trieste, 242 ·Tucci, 352 Turgenev, 30, 93-104, 106, 112, 114,
119-20, 136, 138, 150, 218, 241, 248, 253-4, 260-62, 265, 304
Turin, 4, 300 Turkey, 158, 160, 174, 176, 239, 446,
449 Tver, 3, ll, 18-19, 21, 23, 28, 32, 34,
45-6, 86, 221, 224, 253 Tzschirner, 190-92
Ukraine, 249, 271, 273, 275, 279, 292, 449
United States of America, 114, 121, 127, 234-5, 342, 428, 430-31
United States of Europe, 329, 331, 336
Urquhart, David, 246-7 Utin, 251, 294, 333, 344, 346-7, 372,
410, 412-14, 424-6, 429-30, 452
Valenciennes, 148 Varnhagen von Ense, 96-7, 162, 302 Vavin, 142 Venevitinov, 12 Venice, 151 Verona, 469 Versailles, 142, 417 Vetoshnikov, 260, 262 Vevay, 299, 321, 332-4, 346-7, 352-4,
372 Viardot, Pauline, 93, 138 Vickery, 233 Victor Emmanuel I (of Italy), 249,
273, 320, 4 78 Vienna, 156-7, 162-3, 168-9, 175, 183,
465
Villafranca, 250 Vilna, 17-18 Vogt, 121 Vogt, Adolf, 121, 385, 395, 456-7,
463, 475, 478, 486-8 Vogt, Emil, 321 Vogt, Gustav, 121, 334-5, 339, 450 Vogt, Karl, 121, 153, 299 Vogt, Luisa, 121, 142, 299, 373 V olksblatt, 186 Voltaire, 229, 264 Voronov, 259-60, 262 Vorwarts, 126-7, 129-30 Voyekov, Marie, 11-12, 14, 24-5, 65 Vyrubov, 316-18, 322, 329, 332, 340,
372, 440
Wagner, Minna, 187, 194, 243 Wagner, Richard, 186-7, 190, 193-4.
487 Wallachia, 212, 331 Ward Jackson, s.s., 281-5, 287, 289 Warsaw, 208, 270, 272, 274-5, 281,
292 Washington, 234 Weatherley, 281-4 Weber, Alexandra, 483-6 Weimar, 194 Weitling, 122-7, 130, 134, 177, 436 Welch, Mrs., 241, 247 Wends, 182 Werder, 95, 98-9 Wertheim, 366 What is Property?, 130 Wieland, 199 Wielopolski, 271 Windischgratz, 162, 168, 171 Wittig, 187, 189 Working-Man, The, 247 Wulf, 217 Wiirttemberg, 96
Yazikov, 103, 120 Yokohama, 233 Young RU8aia, 257
Zagorski, 316, 335, 343, 347 Zaitsev, 444, 451-2, 472 Zhukovsky, Ada, 333, 384 Zhukovsky, Nicholas, 268, 333, 343,
346, 377, 413, 430-31, 444, 456, 488 Zukunjt, 368 Zurich, 115-24, 234, 363, 444-6, 448-
449, 451-6, 467
