BICYCLE TESTING SERVICESSGS GROUP

Revision: Sep, 2014

Presenter:

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Topics in the presentation

About SGS

Market Trends in Bicycles

Product Risk Factors

Global Legislative Overview for Assembled Bicycles

Electric bikes· Battery chargers· Battery· Wireless control

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SGS HISTORY

World’s leading inspection, verification, testing and certification company

Founded in 1878 Listed on the Swiss Stock Exchange in

1981 Member of the Dow Jones Sustainability

Indexes since 2010 Current structure of ten business units

initiated in 2003

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TRUSTED FOR REAL LIFE

Your challenges:

Deliver desirable, safe and sustainable products.

Ensure quality, performance and compliance with local and international requirements.

Reduce product related risk.

Eliminate defects at the early stages of production.

Manage social and environmental impacts of products throughout lifecycle.

Substantiate product claims to maintain a competitive edge.

Achieve a faster time to market, avoiding regulatory and non-compliance bottlenecks.

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About 100 laboratories and over 16,400 employees - about 900 in Americas, 3,200 in Europe and Africa and 12,300 in Asia

January 2013

CONSUMER GOODS & RETAILTHE SGS LAB NETWORK

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GLOBAL MARKET TRENDS

Customers expect safety, comfort, better control and optimal power in all conditions.

Many models with a variety of equipment, adapted to customer’s profile:· Children’s Bicycles: parents required components that adjust to fit the growth spurts.· Bicycles for adults: they require products with added-value, including specific

design, high technology (suspension…), ergonomics and comfort.

Bicycle accessories sales should grow in the next years. Demand for bicycle use across all member states in Europe, together with the

USA. Increasing demand for the rent of bicycles in the city - environmental concerns,

money savings. Increasing sales of electrical bicycles.

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PRODUCT RISKS

A number of notifications of unsafe bicycle-related products have been issued:

Risk of injuries – defective, unsafe and inconsistent production of bicycles· Poorly written instructions for use and maintenance. · Inconsistent and poorly manufactured components having an impact on the safety

of the bicycle, including pedal detachment, the purge cap can be lost on the brake lever affecting braking quality, the handle bar stem can present signs of fatigue and crack.

Chemical risk· Bicycle repair kit presented a chemical risk because the benzene content was

higher than that permitted under the Chemical Restriction Directive. Benzene is classified as a Cat 1 carcinogen, the risk is posed by contact and inhalation.

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LEGISLATION

According to the destination markets, your bicycles need to comply with standards below, which specify safety, quality and performance requirements for the design, sub-assembly tests:

LEGAL REQUIREMENTS

International standards: ISO 4210, ISO 8098

America: ANSI Z315.1, CPSC 1512 (16 CFR 1512), ASTM F 1975, ASTM F 2273

Australia: AS /NZS 1927, AS /NZS 8124

Japan: JIS D 9301, JIS D 9302, CPSA 0052

Europe· The CEN safety standards - EN 14764, EN 14766, EN 14781, EN 14872 – have been published in

the EU Official Journal. Bicycles that comply with these standards are presumed to conform with the EU GPSD that “lays down an obligation on producers to place only safe products on the market”.

· EN 14765: safety standard for bicycles for young children (not published yet)· Toy bicycles are covered by the Toy Safety Directive (EN 71-1)· EN 15194 (Electrically Power Assisted Cycles - EPAC)· National regulations: BS 6102, NF R30-020, DIN 79100, DIN 79105, GB 14746, GB 14747

ASSOCIATED REQUIREMENTSIn addition there are “bolt-on” requirements that are only used for the country of sale (environmental or local laws). E.g.: UK has “Pedal Cycle Regulations” that list the requirements for assembly instructions, brake set up and the need for an appropriate bell and lighting.

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Electric bikes

Generally not toys & children products

16CFR 1512 Bicycles

20mph; 750W can be bicycles

Different rules and regulations in each state

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_bicycle_laws

Pedelec

Moped

Dual mode

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Electric bikes

Performance Testing– created by LEVA & SGS

More details

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Electric bikes- EU

Pedelec· powered not only by motor· Speed/ power limit· Can be ridden on bike lane· Consumer product// CE marking

Moped// Dual mode· Any point exceeding pedelec definition· Cannot be ridden on bike lane· E-mark· Number plate· Riders shall have drive license

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Electric bikes- Accessories

Battery chargers· UL/ SGS Mark

· DOE(EPA) energy efficiency: Min. Level V (Voluntary, the higher level the better)

· CEC energy efficiency- BC logo – on IM, package or package (Mandatory in California)

· FCC

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Electric bikes- Accessories

Battery· Safety for Cell· Safety for Pack- brand owner may

ask to have UL/SGS Mark

· UN 38.3– Or 49 CFR Part 171.7– Transportation safety–esp. Air

freight.– Requested by courier company-

Fedex, DHL, UPS– Approval document shall be

provided upon request– Safety warning shall be provided

on outer package

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Electric bikes- Accessories

Battery

Public law: Mercury-Containing Battery Management Act

Storage temperature: labeled on product

Battery Recycle

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Electric bikes- Accessories

Wireless control· Can be utilized on Display/ Motor/ Battery· Popular techniques:

· Must have FCC ID Number on case, or· CONTAINS FCC ID number (Module)

FCC ID ______________CONTAINS __________

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WHY SGS?

WE HELP YOU PROTECT YOUR BRAND.

MAKE SURE YOUR BICYCLES MEET ALL STANDARDS FOR THE UNITED STATES, EUROPE, AUSTRALIA AND JAPAN!

Test reports from SGS accredited labs will be considered as the bicycle’s ‘passport’, providing confidence in the quality, performance and safety of the bicycle.

Benefit from extent SGS resources and expertise. Safety standards can have a huge impact on your business. It is essential that you understand their interpretation.

Guarantee your customers’ satisfaction. Be proactive and meet markets needs.

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PRODUCTS COVERED

City /Trekking Bicycle

Mountain Bicycle

Racing Bicycle

Children’s Bicycle

Electrically Power Assisted Cycle (EPAC)

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SGS TESTING SERVICES

SGS help you ensure the safety, the quality and the performance of individual parts as well as the bicycle as a whole through:

1. Mechanical/ Physical Tests· Stability, durability, impact and fatigue test · Strength and loading test· Brake heat-resistance test· Vibration test (frame & handle bar)· Energy absorption test (frame & front fork)· Tensile test· Rotational accuracy· Comparative testing Rigidity, Stability, Construction, Assembly, Endurance, Lifecycle test

2. Specific Tests for electrical compliance for EPAC· Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC Directive) · Water/ Dust Proof Test IP

Sub assembly tests and components:

Frame, fork and components, brakes, pedals and pedal/crank drive system, saddles and seat-pillar, chain, chain guard, lighting systems and reflectors, wheels, rims, tyres and tubes…

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SGS TESTING SERVICES

3. Chemical Tests· Determination of heavy metals (Lead, Cadmium, Chromium VI) on bicycles and

bicycle accessories– Europe (EN 71-3), US CPSIA– California (Proposition 65): Lead, Cadmium. Phthalates

Several Court cases relating to bicycle components and accessories, Bicycle helmets, Bicycle Lock, Aluminum water bottles

– in May 2007 the restriction of lead content in PVC ‘Grips’ and ‘Cables’ that are composed of or housed in thermoplastic and that are 1) on the bicycle at the time that is sold to consumers or 2) sold separately as replacement parts for those components.

· Morphology analysis· Determination of phthalates on any product made of plasticized material (specific

requirements for US, EU and Japanese markets)· Restriction of PAH on any material with oil as ingredient (rubber-made products such

as pedals and grips) in the German market

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SGS RELATED SERVICES

SGS offers a range of added-value services associated with bicycles, including assistance with:

Technical documentation

Warning Advice

Manufacturer’s Instructions· Assembling method and recommendations on general maintenance.· The use category of the bicycle· How to adjust the saddles height to suit the rider with an explanation of

insertion-depth warning marks on the sear-pillar and handlebar-stem.

Marking

Inspection

Audit

SGS offers Standards & Regulations Services (SRS): being successful in the bike business in Europe requires detailed knowledge on the European laws and regulations for bicycles and bike products. SGS can assist you to market your products in Europe and worldwide.

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All bicycle components – Chemical case

Reference:

San Francisco Court Case No. CGC-06-454917

Applied Product

Bicycles (Bicycles and Tricycles) – Grips and / or brake or Derailleur Cables that are Housed in Thermoplastic

PVC components refer to

a) grips, cables, saddles and handlebar tape that are composed of or housed in thermoplastic that are

i) on bicycles at the time it is being sold to consumers

ii) sold separately as replacement parts for those components or

b) any thermoplastic component of a Bicycle Accessory product

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All bicycle components – Chemical case

Requirement

1) For Grips

A) ≤ 300 ppm for grips on bicycles having wheels that measure over 20 inches in diameter

B) ≤ 30 ppm for grips on bicycles having wheels that measure 20 inches or less in diameter

2) For clothing which is a bicycle accessory product (including bicycle-related protective gear, gloves and shoes)

A) ≤ 300 ppm for the thermoplastic / PVC elements if the clothing item in question is (1) not marketed for use by children 6 years of age or under, and (2) has less than 65% of the surface area of the Surface Contact Area comprised of PVC / thermoplastic

B) ≤ 30 ppm for the thermoplastic / PVC elements if the clothing item in question is (1) marketed for use by children 6 years of age or under, or (2) has 65% or more of the surface area of the Surface Contact Area comprised of PVC / thermoplastic

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All bicycle components – Chemical case

Requirement (cont.)

3) ≤ 300 ppm for all other PVC components

4) ≤ 600 ppm lead and ≤ 0.48 % (4, 800 ppm) cadmium (Outer surface contact layer of painted components). If a painted component is coated with a clear material intended to be durable, the above-stated standards for lead and cadmium will apply to the clear coating rather than the material underlying it

WARNING: handling this product will expose you to chemicals, including lead, known to the State of California to cause birth defects or other reproductive harm. Wash hands after handling

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All bicycle components – Chemical case

Non-exclusive list of example of Bicycle Accessory productAuto rackBar tapeBells/ hornsBicycle mounted racksBicycle storage racksBicycle computersBicycle mirrorsBMX pads/ pegsClothing / shoesHelmets

KickstandsLightsLocksPumpsReflectorsRepair standsTools TrainersTraining handles/

wheelsWater bottle/ cagesWater/ hydro packs

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Bicycle Helmet – Chemical Case

Ca 65 court case No. CIV 091146 for children helmet, phthalates and Lead content(accessible materials)

Sporting products:- a) Miniature-sized and regular-sized vinyl (or similar synthetic material) containing baseball gloves designed for and reasonably used by children through 12 years of age b) Other sporting goods including to but not limited to balls, bats, gloves and helmets designed for and reasonably used by children through 12 years of age

ReferenceHeld vs Easton Sports, Inc., Easton-Bell Sports, Inc. and Does 1 through 150, inclusive, County of Marin Court Case No.: CIV 091146 Method (lead)EPA 3050B 

Reformulated Products≤ 1,000 ppm DEHP, DBP or BBP and≤ 300 ppm lead (accessible materials)

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Water Bottle

FDA/Regulation EC 1935/2004

Leakage Test

Drop Test

Handle Strength

Ca 65 court case No. CV 1005571 for aluminum water bottles only

Aluminum Water Bottles

ReferenceCEN vs Dollar Tree County of MarinCase No. CV1005571 MethodEPA 3051 or 3050B 

Reformulation Any product or component part (including but not limited to the paint or other surface coating of the product) 90 ppm Lead

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Bicycle Lock

Lock Attachment

Chain / Cable Strength

Corrosion Test

Ca 65 court case No. RG 12623691 for Anti-Theft Device for bicycle, DEHP content (accessible component)

Steering wheel lock,Anti-Theft Device

for Bicycles

ReferenceCAG vs Winner

InternationalCounty of AlamedaCase No.

RG12623691

Reformulated Products< 0.1% DEHP

Accessible component means any component of a covered product

that could be touched by a person during reasonably foreseeable

use.

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Bicycle Basket

Loading capacity

Strength of Attachment

Resistance to corrosion

Ca 65 court case No. CIV 1205317 for Basket, Lead content(any accessible component)

Basket ReferenceBrimer v. Gresham, Joseph and Reitan IncCounty of MarinCase No. CIV 1205317

ReformulationAccessible component< 100 ppm Lead (EPA 3050B and 6010B), and< 1.0 μg Lead (NIOSH 9100)Accessible component means any leather, synthetic leather or poly vinyl chloride (PVC), vinyl or other soft plastic component or material that can be touched by a person during reasonably foreseeable use.

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Chemical- Total Lead

Regulation CPSIA

Analytics CPSC-CH-E1001/1002/1003

Limit 90 mg/kg for coating100 mg/kg for substrate

Comments Lead is toxic and found in plastic commonly.

Target material

Coating, plastic, metal

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Chemical Requirement- Phthalates Content

Regulation EC 1907/2006 Annex XVII/ CPSIA

Analytics EN 14372 or EN 15777

Limit 1. EU: sum of BBP, DBP, DEHP ≤ 0.1%； sum of DINP, DONP, DIDP≤ 0.1%

2. CPSIA: BBP, DBP, DEHP, DINP, DONP, DIDP ≤ 0.1%

Hazardous Phthalates can migrate from the plastic into body by sucking, licking or chewing. Phthalates can be determined as carcinogenic compounds to disturb the hormone system.

Comments Though phthalates should not be placed in toys and childcare article which is defined as any product intended to facilitate sleep, relaxation, hygiene, the feeding of children or sucking on the part of children, children still have chance to lick and sucking on the sporting products such as buckles on children helmet. For this reason, phthalate is still a high risk substance for children.

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Additional EU Chemical Requirement- Azo dye

Regulation EC 1907/2006 Annex XVII

Limit 30 mg/kg

Analytics ⅰ) LFGB § 64 BVL B 82.02.9 - 2006,EN14362-1:2012 natural material（≥ 95% for example, cotton ) ⅱ) LFGB § 64 BVL B 82.02.9 - 2006,EN14362-1:2012 Artificial fiber iii) ISO17234 Genuine Leather

iv) EN14362-1： 2012 Mixture form (natural material + artificial fiber (Natural material<95%)

Target material

Leather, fabric, textile

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Additional EU Chemical Requirement- Cadmium

Regulation EC 1907/2006 Annex XVII

Limit 100mg/kg

Analytics EN 1122

Hazardous Cadmium and its compounds are carcinogenic

Target materials

coating, plastic, polymer, plasticized treatment textile.

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Additional EU Chemical Requirement- Organotin compounds

Regulation EC 1907/2006 Annex XVII

Analytics ISO 17353:2004

Limit 1. Sum of TBT/ TPhT/ TCyT and TOT should not exceed the limit of 0.1%

2. DOT and DBT should not exceed the limit of 0.1% respectively.

Target meterial

Coating, textile, plastic

Hazardous Organotin compounds are suspected to be endocrine disrupters.Biocides (antibacterials) and or heat stabilizer in plastic.

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Additional EU Chemical Requirement- Cr (VI)

Regulation EC 1907/2006 Annex XVII

Analytics DIN 53314 / ISO 17075

Limit 3mg/kg

Hazardous Hexavalent chromium is classified as a carcinogen and case allergies.

Comments Cr (VI) is the side product in the tanning process of leather manufacturing industry.

Target material

Leather

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Thank You!