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Biennial Report2003/2004

Edited by David Burley Designed by Cheryl Takahashi

The Biennial Report is a departmental publication available as a downloadable PDF from the Department of Archaeology website: http://www2.sfu.ca/archaeology.

© 2005 Department of Archaeology, SFU

Department of ArchaeologySimon Fraser University

2 • SFU Archaeology 2003/2004 Biennial Report

Table of Contents

Chair’s Report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Department Organization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Faculty and Staff . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6 Graduate Students. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Committees and Other Appointments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Graduate Programme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Graduate Programme Committee Report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11 Graduate Degrees Awarded . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11 Graduate Departmental and External Awards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12

Undergraduate Programme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Undergraduate Programme Committee Report. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14 Honours Theses Completed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14 Undergraduate Awards and Prizes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15 Undergraduate Courses Offered . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16

First Nations Studies Programme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

Field Schools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

2004 Fraser Valley Archaeology Field School . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 2004 SFU-SCES Kamloops Archaeology Field School . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21 2004 South Pacific Field School in Tonga . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22 2003 Little Shuswap Lake Archaeology Field School . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23

Table of Contents • 3

Faculty Research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

Lynne Bell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24 David Burley . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25 Catherine D’Andrea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26 Jonathan Driver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26 Knut Fladmark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27 Biruté Galdikas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27 Brian Hayden . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27 Ross Jamieson. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28 Dana Lepofsky . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29 Robert Muir (Lecturer). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30 Erle Nelson. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30 George Nicholas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31 Richard Shutler, Jr. (Emeritus). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32 Mark Skinner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32 Dongya Yang . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32 Eldon Yellowhorn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33

Research Grants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

Laboratories Report. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

Publications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40


Chair’s Report


At few other times in the history of the Archaeol- ogy Department has there been such profound

change as was the case in 2003 and 2004. Not all of it unfortunately has been for the good. I am deeply saddened to report on the untimely passing of Professor Jack D. Nance in the summer of 2003. From his appointment in the fall of 1974 until his death, Jack was an integral member of the depart-ment, having developed and delivered our required undergraduate course in Quantitative Methods as well as pioneering the Research Design class now required of our graduate student cohort. Jack was Chair of the Department between 1989 and 1991 and on numerous occasions served as Chair of the Graduate Program. Fittingly the establishment of a Jack D. Nance Memorial Graduate Scholarship now honors his memory.

Lynda Przybyla our long time receptionist, also departed in 2003. Her kindness and smile are sorely missed but we are sure they are being used liberally as she follows her dream of working and traveling in Europe. In her stead we now welcome Ian Gregson to the Department front office. On the faculty side of comings and goings, I whole heartedly thank Dr. Michael Roberts for serving as Department Chair during my absence in the 2002/2003 Academic Year. Professor Roberts returned to his home depart-ment of Geography in the fall of 2003 before retir-ing this past September. Dr. Lynne Bell, a specialist in Forensic Science, was appointed Associate Professor in Archaeology in 2004. Dr. Bell also was offered a Tier 2 Canada Research Chair (CRC) in Forensic Studies and this is currently under adjudication in Ottawa. Dr. Bell’s role in the Department will be as Research Head for our planned establishment of a Forensic Research Centre. This Centre brings togeth-er the collective expertise of Drs. Bell (Forensic Archaeometry), Dongya Yang (Forensic DNA) and Mark Skinner (Forensic Osteology) from Archaeology with that of Gail Anderson (Forensic Entomology) from Criminology and Rolf Mathewes (Forensic

Palynology) of Biological Sciences. Also offered and successfully awarded a Tier 2 CRC in 2004 is Dr. John Welch, a specialist in First Nations Cultural Resource Management. To start in April 2005, Dr. Welch’s appointment is split between Archaeology and the School for Resource and Environmental Management. His presence critically bridges our respective pro-grams and we have high hopes of developing a diplo-ma and graduate degree in Archaeological Resource Management in the not too distant future.

As will be evident in the pages to follow, the Department’s teaching and research programs have been stellar over the past two years and I offer fac-ulty and staff my sincerest congratulations for their efforts. Our undergraduate enrolments continue to rise and our undergraduate students have enjoyed great success in acquiring positions in graduate schools and employment throughout North America and abroad. The Archaeology graduate program like-wise is healthy with students engaged in thesis stud-ies from Africa to Southeast Asia to the South Pacific to Ecuador to the Pacific Northwest to Greenland to the Carribean. Faculty research also has been widely diversified but shares in common a strong

Professor Jack D. Nance.

Chair’s Report • 5

publication record and a corresponding ability to secure high levels of funding from SSHRC, NSERC and various other sources. Not insignificantly our Museum Director Dr. Barbara Winter also gained substantial funding through the federal government’s Virtual Museum Program to support web-based interpretive programs for Department collections and research efforts.

Of the news to be reported for 2003/2004, the most significant and exciting for the department’s future is a university commitment to significantly expand our facilities. The expansion will occur within the Arts and Social Sciences 1 Building, a new con-struction adjacent to the existing department. When complete in fall 2006, we will have a series of new laboratories for material culture analysis and teach-ing, geoarchaeology, zooarchaeology, paleobotany, bone chemistry, instructional computing and GIS as well as a larger seminar room, additional office space, project specific laboratories and collections storage

rooms. Movement of existing research programs into this space facilitates concomitant expansion of the Museum, notably including development of a materi-als conservation laboratory. And finally, also occurring as part of the expansion will be construction of the Forensics Research Centre, a secure facility for both research and forensic casework. Incorporated in the Centre are cold case and modern DNA facili-ties, imaging and SEM laboratories, a stable isotope facility, a forensic osteology and autopsy room, a forensic entomology laboratory, office and meeting room space and other facilities to meet biohazard safety protocols and evidence storage. If all goes as planned, by 2006 our Department will have become one of the most comprehensive and sophisticated archaeological facilities within North America.

David BurleyDepartment Chair


Faculty and Staff

University Appointments (2004)

Chair & Director First Nations Studies: Burley, Dr. D. V. Graduate Programme Chair : D’Andrea, Dr. A.C. Undergraduate Programme Chair : Yellowhorn, Dr. E.C.

Faculty

Bell, Dr. L.S. (Associate Professor) Burley, Dr. D.V. (Professor) D’Andrea, Dr. A.C. (Associate Professor) Driver, Dr. J.C. (Professor, Dean of Graduate Studies) Fladmark, Dr. K.R. (Professor) Galdikas, Dr. B.M.F. (Professor) Hayden, Dr. B.D. (Professor) Jamieson, Dr. R.W. (Assistant Professor) Lepofsky, Dr. D. (Associate Professor) Nelson, Dr. D.E. (Professor) Nicholas, Dr. G.P. (Associate Professor) Skinner, Dr. M.F. (Professor) Yang, Dr. D. (Assistant Professor) Yellowhorn, E.C. (Assistant Professor)

Professors Emeriti

Carlson, Dr. R.L. Hobler, Prof. P.M. Shutler, Dr. R. Jr.

Limited-Term Lecturer

Muir, Dr. R.J.

Adjunct Professors

McMillan, Dr. A.D. Wilson, Dr. M.C.

Associate Members

Huntley, Dr. D.J. (Physics) Mathewes, Dr. R.W. (Biology)

Staff

Banerjee, R. (Secretary, Chair/Graduate) Barton, A. (Laboratory Manager) Gregson, I. (Office Assistant) Sullivan, A. (Departmental Assistant) Takahashi, C. (Isotope Laboratory Manager) Winter, Dr. B. (Museum Curator) Wood, S. (Laboratory Technician)

Department Organization

Department Organization • 7

Graduate Students

PhD Candidates

Adams, Ronald An Ethnoarchaeological Study of Feasting in Tana Toraja, Indonesia.

Apaak, Clement An Ethnoarchaeological Study of the Traditional Salt Industry in Eastern Tigrai, Ethiopia.

Brown, Douglas Middle and Late Period Sociopolitical Changes in the Fraser Valley, Southeastern British Columbia.

Chatan, Robbin Late19th Century British Colonialism in the South Pacific.

Commisso, Rob Using Modern Plant Delta 15N Values to Investigate Norse Settlements in Greenland.

Connaughton, Sean The Cessation of Pottery Manufacture (circa 400 AD) in the Kingdom of Tonga and Its Implication for Societal Changes on the Landscape (i.e. rise of dynastic chiefdom).

Delgado, James Forgotten 49ers: The Buried Gold Rush Fleet of San Francisco.

Hickok, Andrew The Osteology of Xelisen (Pender Canal, DeRt 1& 2): Biological Distance and Biological Continuity on the Northwest Coast.

Kalacska, Margaret Spectral determination of clandestine graves.

Kessy, Emanuel The Relationship Between the Later Stone Age (LSA) and the Early Iron Age (EIA) cultures of Kondoa, Central Tanzania.

Markey, Nola Nlaka’pamux Oral Traditions: Cultural Landscapes and Archaeology.

Michaels, Gina Colonial Masculinities, A Mercedarian Experience in Riobamba, Ecuador.

Mundorff, Amy World Trade Center : A Taphonomic Investigation of a Unique Mass Fatality.

Rahemtulla, Farid Land use and design of lithic technology during the Early Period (10,000–5,000 BP) at Namu, Central Coast of British Columbia.

Ramsay, Jennifer Archaeobotany of Classical Urban sites in the Near East.

Rawlings, Tiffany Origins of Complex Social Organization, Household Archaeology, Architectural Theory, and Pacific Rim.

Ross, Douglas A study of urban development and the maintenance of cultural identity in Spanish colonial South America through the examination of a single parish or neighbourhood in the colonial city of Riobamba.

Sandgathe, Dennis The Levallois Reduction Technique in a Design Theory Framework.

Sawatzky, Roland The Use of Social Space in Early Mennonite Housebarns of Southern Manitoba.

Sharp, Karyn Return rates, food preservation and it’s implications for storage.

St. Denis, Michael Examination of a colonial hospital in the old city of Riobamba, Ecuador, with a focus on the treatment of disease and epidemics in a socio-religious context and to deter-mine what role patient identity may have played (in terms of class, gender, and race).

Taché, Karine The Early Woodland (3000–2400 BP) Period in Northeastern North America: Structure and Regional Diversity of the Meadowood Interaction Sphere.

Tarcan, Carmen An examination of the faunal remains from Zuni Pueblo (New Mexico) in terms of subsistence strategies, social organization, and butchery techniques and patterns.

Woodward, Robyn Feudalism or Emergent Agrarian Capitalsim: the Archaeology of an Early 16th Century Sugar Mill at Sevilla La Nueva, Jamaica


MA Candidates

Dunk, Chelsea Investigating plant use at Shields Pueblo during Pueblo II Period, and evaluate the ade-quecy of the sampling strategy used at the Pueblo.

Hall, Jonathan The distribution of fluted projectile points in Saskatchewan and their relation to paleoenvironmental phenomena

Heuman, John A zooarchaeological examination of Stix & Leaves Pueblo, a Pueblo II site in the Southwest.

Jessee, Erin Creating a research design for an experimental mass grave within Canada in order to eventually provide a forum for scientific experimentation and discussion regarding the application of forensic archaeology to international human rights.

King, Amanda Stó:lô and Municipal Councillors’ perspectives on Archaeology in the Fraser Valley.

King, Shannon What’s the Point? A Typological Analysis of Pointed Bone Artifacts from Barkley Sound, BC.

Lee, Edwin Neolithic Chinese Human Remains.

Locher, Peter Early Holocene Landscape Transformation and Human Presence in the Pitt River Drainage System, BC, Canada.

McKechnie, Iain Five thousand years of fishing at a village in Barkley Sound, Vancouver Island, British Columbia.

Moore, Gordon Investigation of a pithouse village site on the Fraser River identified in the journal of Simon Fraser. Combining local oral history with the journal data I hope to better understand the interaction of First Nations people with Europeans in the early fur trade economy.

Ouellet, Richard Internalist archaeology and the Metis of Jasper Park.

Pasacreta, Laura Bone Dynasties: Overseas Chinese Burial Practices in the Canadian and American West (1850s to 1910s).

Puskus, Cathy Characteristics of dental crowding in gorillas, orangutans and chimpanzees.

Reid, Michael Malaria in Wild Born Ex-Captive Orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus) in Kalimantan Tengah, Indonesia.

Speller, Camilla Investigating Differential Distribution of Salmon Resources at Keatley Creek Through Ancient DNA Analysis.

Trost, Teresa Faunal analysis of a late prehistoric site located in Strathcona Park in the Burrard Inlet, BC.

Vallieres, Claudine Study of the faunal assemblage of the Paleoindian component of Charlie Lake Cave, looking for human behavior.

Watt, Kathy Optimization of Decontamination Techniques for Ancient DNA Studies.

Weber, Nicholas Ethnozooarchaeological research of herding practices in the northern highlands of Ethiopia.

Weiser, Andrea Camas (Camassia sp.) tissue identification using Scanning Electron Microscopy, Whidbey Island, Washington and Vancouver Island, BC.

White, Elroy Stone Fish Traps: An expression of Heiltsuk traditional knowledge.

Witt, Jessi Technological analysis of two discrete ceramic assemblages from the Sigatoka Sand Dunes, Fiji.

Department Organization • 9

Committees and Other Appointments

Department Tenure Committees

2003 2004

Chair: Members:

Roberts, M.C.D’Andrea, A.C.Fladmark, K. R.Lepofsky, D.Nicholas, G. P.Skinner, M. F. Yellowhorn, E.C.

Chair: Members:

Burley, D. V.D’Andrea, A.C.Fladmark, K. R.Nicholas, G. P. Skinner, M. F.Yang, D.

First Nations/Archaeology Committee

2003 2004Chair :

Members: Burley, D. V.Culhane, D. (Anthropology)Ignace, M. A. (Anthropology)Mellow, J. D. (Linguistics)Nicholas, G. P.Raibmon, P. (History)Yellowhorn, E.C.

Chair :Members:

Burley, D. V.Culhane, D. (Anthropology)Ignace, M. A. (Anthropology) Mellow, J. D. (Linguistics)Nicholas, G. P.Raibmon, P. (History) Russell, R. (Math & Statistics) Yellowhorn, E.C.

Appointment Search Committee

2004: Tier I CRC in Forensic Science

Chair :Members:

Burley, D. V. Anderson, G. S. (Criminology) Skinner, M. F. Yang, D. Yellowhorn, E.C.


Graduate Programme Committee

2003 2004

Chair :Members:

Nelson, D. E./Lepofsky, D.Jamieson, R. W.Skinner, M. F. Yang, D.Ross, D. (grad rep.)

Chair :

Members:

Lepofsky, D./Yellowhorn, E. C./D’Andrea, A. C.Jamieson, R.W. Yang, D.Ross, D. (grad rep.)

Undergraduate Programme Committee

2003 2004

Chair :Members:

Skinner, M. F.Winter, B. Yellowhorn, E. C.Sullivan, A. (DA)Pandur, C. (undergrad. rep)

Chair :Members:

Yellowhorn, E. C.Winter, B. Sullivan, A. (DA)Caldwell, M. (undergrad. rep)

Archaeology Graduate Caucus

2003 2004

President:Secretary: Treasurer :Dept. Rep:

Sharp, K.Pasacreta, L.Weber, N.Ross, D.

President:Secretary: Treasurer :Dept. Rep:

Reid, M.Speller, C. Weber, N. Michaels, G.

Undergraduate Archaeology Student Society

2003 Pandur, C. (President) 2004 Caldwell, M. (President)

Library Committee Representative

2003 Jamieson, R. W. 2004 Jamieson, R. W.

Research Liaison – Faculty of Arts

2003 Burley, D.V. 2004 Burley, D. V.

Section Title • 11Graduate Programme • 11

In 2003/2004 our Graduate Programme continued to attract highly qualified stu-dents with a total of 18 new MA and 5 PhD

students admitted. By the end of 2004, enroll-ment in our graduate programme was 42. Our students also have been successful in obtaining internal as well as external scholarships and

awards. The Graduate Programme Committee initiated a review of procedures relating to graduate student evaluations and comprehensive exams.

Cathy D’Andrea Graduate Programme Committee Chair (2005)

Graduate Programme Committee Report

Graduate Degrees Awarded

2004 Doctor of Philosophy

Smith, Cameron McPherson The Social Organization of Production in Three Protohistoric Lower-Columbia River Plank Houses

2004 Master of Arts

Huculak, Shauna Ann Grace Middle Period Hunting and Gatherers of the Thompson River Drainage, British Columbia: A Critical Review

Johansen, Shirley Ann Prehistoric Secret Societies: An Ethnoarchaeological Model of Origin and Identification

Storey, Alice Ann Save Me A Drumstick: Molecular Taphonomy, Differential Preservation and Ancient DNA from the Kingdom of Tonga

Vallieres, Claudine The Paleoindian Bison Assemblage from Charlie Lake Cave

2003 Doctor of Philosophy

Brand, Michael James Transience in Dawson City, Yukon, During the Klondike Gold Rush

Graduate Programme


2003 Master of Arts

Castillo, Victoria Elena Ceramicists at the Convención del 45 Neighbourhood: Contemporary Ecuadorian Artisans and Their Material Culture

Jessee, Erin Denise Exhuming Conflict: Some Recommendations for the Creation of a Series of Experimental Mass Grave and Mass Grave-Related Test Sites

Karpiak, Monica Flavia Modelling Nuu-Chah-Nulth Land Use: The Cultural Landscape of Clayoquot Sound

Lindsay, Corene Texada Investigations into the Ethnographic and Prehistoric Importance of Freshwater Shellfish on the Interior Plateau of British Columbia

Nimmo, Evelyn The Concepción Convent of Cuenca, Ecuador: Examining Gender, Class and Economy in a Latin American Convent

Tsukamoto, Suyoko Anne The Prevalence and Timing of Enamel Hypoplasia in the Bonobo, Pan paniscus

Graduate Departmental and External Awards

2004 Awards

Adams, Ron J.V. Christensen Endowment FundApaak, Clement Graduate Fellowship, Eileen Purkiss Memorial Award, B. Steward Volunteer Leadership AwardDunk, Chelsea Graduate FellowshipHickok, Andrew Graduate FellowshipKalacska, Margaret C.D. Nelson AwardKing, Shannon Graduate FellowshipPuskus, Cathy Graduate FellowshipRamsay, Jennifer Graduate Fellowship, SSHRC Travel Award, Dorot Travel FellowshipReid, Michael Graduate Fellowship, Archaeology Travel FundRoss, Doug SSHRC Doctoral FellowshipSharp, Karyn Archaeology Travel FundSpeller, Camilla Graduate FellowshipSt. Denis, Michael Open Graduate Bursary (x2)Tache, Karine SSHRC Doctoral FellowshipTarcan, Carmen Graduate Fellowship, SSHRC Doctoral FellowshipTrost, Teresa Graduate Fellowship (x2)Vallieres, Claudine Canadian Graduate Scholarship SSHRCWatt, Kathryn Graduate FellowshipWeber, Nick Graduate FellowshipWeiser, Andrea Graduate FellowshipWhite, Elroy Archaeology Travel Fund, Heilatsuk Bd Edu BursaryWitt, Jessi Graduate Fellowship

Section Title • 13Graduate Programme • 13

2003 Awards

Adams, Ron Graduate FellowshipApaak, Clement Graduate FellowshipDunk, Chelsea Graduate FellowshipHeuman, John Graduate FellowshipJessee, Erin Graduate FellowshipKessy, Emanuel Wenner Gren Foundation AwardLocher, Peter Graduate Fellowship, Archaeology Travel FundMcKechnie, Iain Graduate Fellowship, Archaeology Travel Fund, SFUSS Travel FundMoore, Gordon Archaeology Travel Fund, SAA/Arthur C. Parker Memorial ScholarshipPasacreta, Laura Graduate FellowshipRamsay, Jennifer Dorot Travel FellowshipReid, Michael Archaeology Travel FundSharp, Karyn Graduate Fellowship, Northern Scientific Training ProgramSt. Denis, Michael Open Graduate BursaryStorey, Alice Graduate FellowshipTache, Karine SSHRC Doctoral FellowshipTarcan, Carmen SSHRC Doctoral Fellowship, Joe Ben Wheat ScholarshipTrost, Teresa Graduate Fellowship, Research Stipend, Archaeology Travel fundVallieres, Claudine Graduate Fellowship, Canadian Graduate Scholarship SSHRCWeber, Nick Graduate FellowshipWeiser, Andrea Graduate Fellowship


In 2002/2003 and 2003/2004, the Undergraduate Programme Committee continued curriculum planning and developed a new Joint Major in

Archaeology and First Nations Studies. Annualised FTE enrollments increased from 196.3 in 2001/2002 to 206.6 in 2003/2004. In 2002/2003 our under-graduates included 143 approved honours, majors, and joint majors; 24 minors and extended minors; and 43 graduands. In 2003/2004 our undergraduates

included 145 approved honours, majors, and joint majors; 32 minors and extended minors; and 56 graduands. New special topics courses offered dur-ing this period included: Molecular Bio-Archaeology, The Archaeology of China, Paleopathology, The Art of Ancient Civilizations, and Great Ape Societies

Ann Sullivan Departmental Assistant

Undergraduate Programme Committee Report

Honours Theses Completed

2004–Summer

Thomas, Michele Hominine Hybrid Zones: Some Predictions and Model Testing

2003–Fall

Herkes, Jennifer Reflections of Control: The Spatial Analysis of an Extinct Company Town, Bralorne, British Columbia

Wittke, Karen Salvation or Damnation? A Retrospective of Christianity in Rotuma

Woiderski, Joshua Resource Exploitation and Leporid Use at a Pueblo II Period Site in Southwestern Colorado

2003–Summer

Logan, Amanda An Archaeobotanical Analysis of the Role of Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) in the Kintampo Complex

Villeneuve, Suzanne A New Perspective on Old Art: The Social Context of Upper Paleolithic Cave Art

Watt, Kathryn Species Identification of Whale Bones from Barkley Sound, Vancouver Island, British Columbia

Undergraduate Programme

Section Title • 15Undergraduate Programme • 15

2003–Spring

MacDonald, Cindy The Impact of Artificial Cranial Deformation on Functions of the Brain

2002–Fall

Blanchard, Sean Toward a Developmental Systems Understanding of Evolution and Agency from an Archaeological Perspective: A Critique of the Neo-Cartesian/Neo-Darwinian Paradigm

Undergraduate Awards and Prizes

Ingrid Nystrom Archaeology Award

2002/2003 Emily Williamson 2003/2004 Cinnamon Pandur

Brian Williamson Memorial Award in Archaeology

2002/2003 Jessi Witt 2003/2004 Not Awarded

Chair’s Essay Prize

2002/2003 Daniel Mix Research and Experimentation with Pictographs of the Columbia Plateau

2003/2004 Jessica Tilley The Domestication of the Lentil

Richard P. Brolly Prize

2002/2003 Cinnamon Pandur ‘Splitters’ versus ‘Lumpers’: The verdict is out on Homo habilis

2003/2004 Ellie Knight The Paleoenvironment of the Fraser Lowland since 15000 BP: Implications for the Timing of Human Occupation in the Region


Undergraduate Courses Offered

2004–Fall

100-3 Ancient Peoples and Places (Day course) Catherine D’Andrea100-3 Ancient Peoples and Places (Evening course) Brian Hayden131-3 Human Origins Birute Galdikas201-3 Introduction to Archaeology Robert Muir223-3 The Prehistory of Canada Knut Fladmark226-3 The Prehistory of Religion (Correspondence) Brian Hayden226-3 The Prehistory of Religion (Day course) Brian Hayden272-3 Archaeology of the Old World Catherine D’Andrea272-3 Archaeology of the Old World (SFU Kamloops) Clement Apaak301-3 Prehistoric and Indigenous Art Barbara Winter311-5 Archaeological Dating Erle Nelson332-3 Special Topics: The Vikings Erle Nelson333-3 Special Topics: Great Ape Societies Birute Galdikas344-3 Primate Behaviour Birute Galdikas372-5 Material Culture Analysis Robert Muir373-5 Human Osteology Tiffany Rawlings442-5 Forensic Anthropology Diane Cockle471-5 Archaeological Theory Robert Muir480-5 Directed Lab/Lib/Field Research (SFU Kamloops) George Nicholas 485-5 Lithic Technology (SFU Kamloops) George Nicholas

2004–Summer

100-3 Ancient Peoples and Places Ron Adams131-3 Human Origins Karen Sharp332-3 Special Topics: Tongan Culture, History and Archaeology (Tonga Field School) David Burley335-5 Special Topics: Introduction to Museum Studies (SFU Kamloops) Barbara Winter372-5 Material Culture Analysis (SFU Kamloops) George Nicholas433-6 Background to Fieldwork (Fraser Valley Field School) Robert Muir & Dana Lepofsky434-3 Exercises in Mapping and Recording (Fraser Valley Field School) Robert Muir & Dana Lepofsky434-3 Exercises in Mapping and Recording (Tonga Field School) Robert Muir435-6 Field Work Practicum (Fraser Valley Field School) Dana Lepofsky435-6 Field Work Practicum (Tonga Field School) David Burley435-6 Field Work Practicum (Kamloops Field School) George Nicholas

2004–Spring

100-3 Ancient Peoples and Places (Day course) Laurie Beckwith100-3 Ancient Peoples and Places (Correspondence) Brian Hayden

Section Title • 17Undergraduate Programme • 17

131-3 Human Origins Jennifer Ramsay200-3 Special Topics: Archaeology of Ancient Egypt and Africa Catherine D’Andrea201-3 Introduction to Archaeology Dennis Sandgathe201-3 Introduction to Archaeology (SFU Kamloops) George Nicholas226-3 The Prehistory of Religion (Correspondence) Brian Hayden226-3 The Prehistory of Religion (Evening) Brian Hayden273-3 Archaeology of the New World Ross Jamieson336-3 Special Topics: Northwest Coast Indian Art Alan McMillan340-5 Zooarchaeology Robert Muir349-5 Management of Archaeological Collections Barbara Winter372-5 Material Culture Analysis Brian Hayden373-5 Human Osteology Dongya Yang373-5 Human Osteology (SFU Kamloops) Catherine Carlson376-5 Quantitative Methods in Archaeology Robert Muir378-3 Pacific Northwest North America Dana Lepofsky385-5 Paleoanthropology Mark Skinner386-3 Archaeological Resource Management David Burley390-5 Archaeobotany Catherine D’Andrea438-5 Geoarchaeology Knut Fladmark471-5 Archaeological Theory Robert Muir

2003–Fall

100-3 Ancient Peoples and Places (Day course) Ross Jamieson100-3 Ancient Peoples and Places (Evening course) Catherine D’Andrea105-3 The Evolution of Technology Brian Hayden131-3 Human Origins Birute Galdikas200-3 Special Topics: The Vikings Erle Nelson201-3 Introduction to Archaeology Dana Lepofsky223-3 The Prehistory of Canada Knut Fladmark272-3 Archaeology of the Old World Catherine D’Andrea273-3 Archaeology of the New World (SFU Kamloops) Catherine Carlson311-5 Archaeological Dating Erle Nelson330-3 The Prehistory of Latin America Laurie Beckwith331-3 Special Topics: Art of Ancient Civilisations Barbara Winter332-3 Special Topics: Paleopathology Mark Skinner333-3 Special Topics: The Archaeology of China Dongya Yang334-3 Special Topics: First Nations Issues in Archaeology Eldon Yellowhorn


344-3 Primate Behaviour Birute Galdikas360-5 Native Cultures of North America (SFU Kamloops) Catherine Carlson365-3 Ecological Archaeology Dana Lepofsky372-5 Material Culture Analysis Brian Hayden373-5 Human Osteology Dongya Yang442-5 Forensic Anthropology Mark Skinner471-5 Archaeological Theory Robert Muir

2003–Summer

100-3 Ancient Peoples and Places Laurie Beckwith131-3 Human Origins Jennifer Ramsay333-3 Mycenaean Archaeology (taught in Greece) Sophia Zaharatou335-5 Archaeological Conservation (SFU Kamloops) Barbara Winter433-6 Background to Field Work (Southwest BC Field School) Robert Muir434-3 Exercises in Mapping and Recording (Southwest BC Field School) Robert Muir435-6 Field Work Practicum (Southwest BC Field School) Robert Muir

2003–Spring

100-3 Ancient Peoples and Places (Day course) Ross Jamieson100-3 Ancient Peoples and Places (Evening course) Catherine D’Andrea131-3 Human Origins Lisa Anderson200-3 Special Topics: Archaeology of Ancient Egypt and Africa Catherine D’Andrea201-3 Introduction to Archaeology Lisa Anderson273-3 Archaeology of the New World Eldon Yellowhorn301-3 Prehistoric and Indigenous Art Barbara Winter321-3 Archaeology of Britain (Harbour Centre) Jon Driver332-3 Special Topics: The Vikings Erle Nelson335-5 Special Topics: Molecular Bio-Archaeology Dongya Yang360-5 Native Cultures of North America Knut Fladmark372-5 Material Culture Analysis Dennis Sandgathe373-5 Human Osteology Dongya Yang377-5 Historical Archaeology Ross Jamieson385-5 Paleoanthropology Tiffany Rawlings 386-3 Archaeological Resource Management (SFU Kamloops) Nola Markey471-5 Archaeological Theory Robert Muir

First Nations Studies Programme • 19

Archaeology is the administrative host department for First Nations Studies (FNST) on the Burnaby campus. FNST courses are also

delivered on the Kamloops campus. FNST is an interdisciplinary subject dedicated to examining the experience of Aboriginal People in Canada and introduces students to the ongoing dialogue between the Aboriginal minority and Canadian soci-ety. Currently, students may apply courses toward a minor in First Nations Studies that complements their major area of study. The programme is evolving and will soon include a joint major in Archaeology and First Nations Studies. Drs Annie Ross and Eldon Yellowhorn are the faculty who teach FNST courses in Burnaby. Sessional instructors are contracted each semester to teach additional courses.

Students may obtain credits from the core programme. These include: FNST 101–3 The Cultures, Languages and Origins of Canada’s First Peoples; FNST 201–3 Canadian Aboriginal Peoples’ Perspectives on History; FNST 301–3 Issues in Applied First Nations Studies Research; FNST 401–3 Aboriginal Rights and Government Relations; FNST 402–3 The Discourse of Native Peoples; FNST 403–3 Indigenous Knowledge in the Modern World. FNST 322–3 is a special topics course that will be offered for the first time in 2005 under the title of Indigenous Expressive Arts. Special topics and

directed reading courses are also available. Cognate disciplines such as sociology/anthropology, linguistics, history, criminology and archaeology offer courses with significant Aboriginal issues content that can be cross-listed for credit in First Nations Studies.

With upcoming construction of the Arts and Social Sciences I Building, First Nations Studies will finally be given a dedicated facility including a main office, faculty offices and a seminar room. We are looking forward to the opening of this building in 2006.

Eldon Yellowhorn

First Nations Studies Programme

Each year Simon Fraser University holds a special convocation for First Nations graduands.

Professor Yellowhorn addresses First Nations graduands during convocation ceremony.


2004 Fraser Valley Archaeology Field School

As is typical of SFU archaeological field schools, 2004 field school was divided into two major sections: an intensive in-class component in

May, followed by a two-month field season in June and July in the Fraser Valley. The classroom compo-nent this year was co-taught by Dana Lepofsky and Bob Muir. During this portion of the class, the stu-dents learned a variety of mapping and basic survey-ing skills, as well as background material on the cul-ture history of the Fraser Valley and the Coast Salish.

The field component of the field school was embedded in a larger research project, headed by Dana Lepofsky (see above). The field research was divided into there major components, all of which the students participated: the detailed mapping of five large village sites, the excavation of the protohis-toric pithouse village of Welqamex, and the excava-tion of the McCallum site. Our field camp was based at the McCallum site, and at any given time, most of the students were working at that site. The excava-tions at the McCallum site were headed by Dana Lepofsky, with the superb assistance of Peter Locher, who was our teaching assistant, and Michael Lenert, a PhD student from UCLA.

Rotating through these three aspects of the larger project, the students learned a huge range of skills. All students became competent in using the total station to map the on-going excavations as well as

the detailed contour maps of the five village sites. Students did a considerable amount of excavating (with everything from trowels to supervising back-hoe excavations), took notes in a variety of contexts, and conducted a range of laboratory tasks from sorting to final cataloguing and photographing.

In addition to our excavation of the McCallum site, we ran an extensive public outreach pro-gramme. Thanks to Yvette John of Chawathl First Nation, and Amanda King, now a graduate student at SFU, over 700 people came through the site for tours. Visitors came from the neighbourhood and from much further afield and were from both First Nations and non-native communities. The students often helped Amanda and Yvette with the tours. In this way, and through the many informal gatherings with First Nations community members, the students came to understand the importance of doing “com-munity archaeology”.

Our field camp was a wonderful set up (see photo). We built a beautiful out-door kitchen, and had gravity feed, solar-heated showers. The kitchen was used for laboratory work as well, and of course, for the occasional party.

Dana LepofskyField school students setting up field camp near Aggasiz, B.C.

Excavating the McCallum site. From Left to Right are Andrea Onodi, Jennifer Jones, Denise Douglas (Cheam Band), Megan Cameron, and Carol Sawyer.

Field Schools

Section Title • 21Field Schools • 21

The 11th Simon Fraser University-Secwepemc Cultural Education Society Archaeology Field School took place in Kamloops in May and

June. Eighteen students participated, represent-ing the Kamloops and Burnaby campuses, as well as Okanagan University College, Langara College, and several community members from the North Thompson Indian Band. In addition to the 14-credit hours of regular courses, students had the option of obtaining the provincial RISC certification in Archaeology.

Students received instruction and field experience in archaeological survey and testing, and laboratory analysis. Field work was augmented by several field trips and by a weekly seminar in Plateau Prehistory, Environmental History, and Ethnography.

The primary aspect of the field school was a second season of intensive excavation at EeRb 77, a very deep, multi-component site on the Kamloops Indian Reserve along the South Thompson River. We have previously demonstrated that the occupa-tion of this site ranges from the historic period to at least 6,500 radiocarbon years before present, and possibly much older. Our focus here continues to be the pre-4,000 B.P. levels of the site.

Teams of students excavated seven 2-m2 units to a maximum depth of 3.5 meters. The results of excavation provided much additional information on the occupation of this site, although it became clear that the units completed this year appear to represent a more peripheral part of the site than excavated in 2002. Fewer artifacts and faunal remains were recovered, and there was no trace of the extensive freshwater shell midden that was encountered in 2002. Nonetheless, the information recovered in 2004 is valuable for reconstructing the long cultural and environmental history of this loca-tion, and also provides a very important point of comparison for comparably aged Middle Period sites that we have excavated on the nearby river terraces in previous years.

Since its inception, the Kamloops Archaeology Field School has addressed the cultural resource management needs of the Kamloops Indian Band and other First Nations, worked to extend knowl-edge of past land-use practices in the region, and provided classroom and field training for First Nations and non-Aboriginal students. Graduates of this program are currently working for various First Nations organizations and consulting archaeologists.

George Nicholas

2004 SFU-SCES Kamloops Archaeology Field School


2004 South Pacific Field School in Tonga

The Department of Archaeology through SFU International Programs held the fifth South Pacific field school in Archaeology on the

SFU campus and in the Kingdom of Tonga from May through July 2004. Seventeen students regis-tered in three courses including Arch 434-3 (Field Methods), Arch 332-3 (Tonga Culture, History and Archaeology) and Arch 435-6 (Fieldwork

Practicum). Arch 434-3 was taught on the Burnaby campus by Bob Muir with the assistance of Rob Commisso (PhD student). The remaining two classes were delivered in Tonga by David Burley with Jessi Witt (MA student) serving as teaching assistant. As part of the Tongan Culture, History and Archaeology class students were given several guest lectures by Tongan experts on topics ranging diversely from agriculture to funerals to transgender to the Tongan Constitution. A highlight of the program was a field trip to Lapaha, the 13th through 19th century capital of Tonga combined with a lunch put on by Princess Siuilikutapu and the High Chief, Kalaniuvalu. The fieldwork practicum class was conducted as part of David Burley’s SSHRC funded study of first Tongan settlement. Integrated with a field crew of Tongan assistants, students participated in a five week excavation of the Vuna Site on Pangaimotu Island, Vava’u. During their stay in Tonga, students also were instrumental in raising funds to repaint the local hospital in Neiafu, Vava’u.

David Burley

Section Title • 23Field Schools • 23

During the summer of 2003 the department offered an archaeological field school at Little Shuswap Lake, near Chase, British Columbia.

Under the direction of Dr. Bob Muir, seventeen stu-dents received training and practical experience in archaeological survey and excavation methods. The field school included five weeks of on-campus course work, labs, and exercises; a one week tour of archae-ological sites in southern British Columbia; and seven weeks of excavation and survey, undertaken on Little Shuswap I.R.#1 (Quaaout). The Little Shuswap Band generously provided support for the project, including accommodations, storage, lab, and cooking facilities.

Graduate student Gord Moore directed the survey component of the field school, during which students developed practical skills in navigation, map-ping, and site recording. Three previously unrecord-ed sites were discovered as a result of the survey.

The main focus of the field school was excava-tions of site EfQv 12, a prehistoric pithouse village located on the Quaaout Reserve. As this was the

first detailed investigation ever conducted at EfQv 12, our research objectives primarily included map-ping the site and determination of its age. Our preliminary assessment indicates that the site consists of a village of at least 12 houses and was established and occupied during the Plateau Horizon (1200–2400 BP). Analyses of materials collected dur-ing excavation are ongoing and will be the focus of Cinnamon Pandur’s forthcoming Honours Thesis.

One of the highlights of the 2003 field school was a trip to the Bella Coola Valley where Professor Emeritus Phil Hobler was our host, providing a tour of archaeological sites and sharing his knowledge of the region with students.

Bob Muir

2003 Little Shuswap Lake Archaeology Field School

Left: Field school participants with Little Shuswap Chief, Felix Arnouse at the Quaaout camp grounds. Back row (l–r): Gord Moore, Rob Hallam, Sandy Zoffmann, Elroy White, Felix Arnouse, Armand Gaudry, Rosie Nathoo, Edwin Lee, Nicole Shanks, Cinnamon Pandur, Brianne McLeod, Greg Morissey. Front row (l-r): Lydia Fisher, Morgan Crum, Chris Dodd, Brandee Foster, Olivia Donaher, Riz Abbas, Bob Muir, Nicole Engel.

Above: Phil Hobler and field school participants in Bella Coola. Back row: Rob Hallam, Riz Abbas, Sandy Zoffmann, Lydia Fisher, Front Row: Bob Muir, Greg Morissey, Brianne McLeod, Gord Moore and Phil Hobler.

A flaked stone knife: one of many artifacts discovered during excavations of site EfQv 12.


Lynne Bell

I have recently joined SFU and the central theme of my research is concerned with ‘Life Histories’ centred on the determination of peoples origins,

geographic tracking and utilization of landscapes and more recently on forensic dating. Over the past 5 years much of this work has been developmental in collaboration with Drs. Lee-Thorp and Sealy at the University of Cape Town (UCT) and now forms the basis of several publications either published, in press/submitted or currently being written-up. The work itself has drawn on stable light isotope meth-

odologies, microstructural skeletal biology and tapho-nomy. My aims have been, and remain, to discern life-time choices made by humans via sampling the temporal record stored in the accretionary tissues of the skeleton. To this end it has been possible to map transitional states within individuals at the level of climate, geographic tracking, origin and dietary strate-gies. Due to the developmental nature of this work, my research has become increasingly focused on contemporary populations and ecological systems. Future research will involve a continuance of model-ing modern day proxies for comparative analyses of forensic/modern populations, particularly regarding mapping movement.

Dating is a more recent research interest and one that is of central importance to forensics. C-14 has traditionally been considered of little value to forensics given the large errors associated with calibrating results. A pilot project in collaboration with Dr. Andy Tyrell (Joint POW/MIA Accounting Command Central Identification Laboratory [J-PAC], formerly CILHI ) is underway and will be continued at SFU, and will attempt to bring C-14 usefully into the realm of forensics where date of death might be much more accurately identified.

Faculty Research

Left: Vietnam War Memorial. Dating proj-ect in collaboration with J-PAC to refine C-14 dating for applica-tion to forensics, and assist with the identifi-cation of US Army war dead.

Section Title • 25Faculty Research • 25

David Burley

Supported by a three year SSHRC grant, field studies were undertaken in the Kingdom of Tonga from May through July in both 2003 and

2004. This research involved intensive island surveys for Lapita (2950-2650 BP) settlement sites through-out Vava’u, the northern islands of Tonga. Five Lapita sites were documented as well as numerous other later period sites. The 2004 field season focused on the excavation of the Vuna site on Pangaimotu Island Vava’u. Conducted in conjunction with the 2004 SFU South Pacific field school, excavations recovered materials and features associated with Lapita and later Polynesian Plainware (2650-1500 BP) phase occupations. Andrew Barton (SFU), Jessi Witt (SFU) and Sean Connaughton (SFU) were instrumental for their assistance and supervision of field programs and students. In October 2004 a final field project was undertaken at the early historic (1509-1534 AD) Spanish settlement of Seville La Nueva on the north coast of Jamaica. This project was conducted as one segment of Robyn Woodward’s (SFU) con-tinuing studies here.

During the past two years numerous students have been involved in cataloguing and analyzing col-lections from previous field studies at the Sigatoka Sand Dunes in Fiji, from the survey and excavation

project in Tonga, and from the most recent excava-tions in Jamaica. The resulting data are being inte-grated into project reports and publications now in preparation. Between 2003 and 2004 several papers were delivered on Tonga and Fiji fieldwork pro-grams. Notable among these were the 2003 Plenary Address to the Tonga History Society on “Tonga’s role in Polynesian Origins” (Nuku’alofa) as well as an invited presentation at the 2003 Berkeley/France Foundation seminar on Population Demography in the Pacific (Tahiti).

Southeastern Vava’u Islands, Kingdom of Tonga. Surveys in 2003 have located Lapita settlement sites on the upper two islands.

Excavations of residential structure at Sevilla La Nueva. Founded in 1509, the site is the first Spanish settlement in Jamaica.


Jonathan Driver

For the past two years most of my attention has been devoted to my responsibilities as Dean of Graduate Studies. However, I have

been able to do a little undergraduate teaching, and continue to supervise graduate students and to work on my research projects.

In 2003 I completed the extension year of my SSHRC research grant, and in 2004 I was fortunate to receive a new grant for $99,000 for 2004-2007. This will fund a continuation of my research on faunas of the American Southwest, concentrating on Chacoan Great Houses. This work will con-

tinue to be in collaboration with Crow Canyon Archaeological Center and the University of Colorado (Boulder).

Claudine Vallieres completed her MA on Charlie Lake Cave bison under my supervision.

I continue to be involved in the execu-tive committee of the International Council for Archaeozoology, and we are looking forward to an interesting conference in Mexico City in 2006. At the end of 2004 I complete a three year term as execu-tive committee member and secretary-treasurer of the Canadian Association for Graduate Studies.

Catherine D’Andrea

In 2003, the first season of an archaeological and ethnoarchaeological project was completed in the Gulo-Makeda region of northern high-

land Ethiopia, funded by SSHRC and the National Geographic Society. Team members include archae-ologists, geologists, and ethnoarchaeologists from Mekelle University, Ethiopia, the University of Calgary, Toronto, and Simon Fraser University. The main goal of this research is to investigate the role of rural peoples in pre-Aksumite and Aksumite Kingdoms (700 BC–AD 700). A preliminary reconnaissance of the 100 sq km survey area resulted in the iden-tification of several localities that have not been examined since they were first recorded in the early 1970s. A number of known rock art panels were re-located (Figure 1) and assessed, and new images were recovered. Proton magnetometer surveys revealed substantial buried architectural features at several localities. Ethnoarchaeological investigations focussed on domestic architecture, ceramics, and livestock husbandry. Ongoing research on ancient and modern traditional African farming societies continued with laboratory analysis of Kintampo

archaeobotanical remains from central Ghana, and ethnobotanical samples of finger millet process-ing from Ethiopia. A new project under develop-ment and funded by the Wenner-Gren Foundation will focus on archaeobotanical and ethnobotanical studies of sorghum processing and bread-baking in northern Sudan.

Figure 1: Amba Fekada Panel, Detail of Plough Scene.


Biruté Galdikas

Dr. Galdikas’ research specialties include studies of primate

behavior, ecology, and evolution, with particular focus on orangutans. Other research interests involve tropical rain forest ecology and phenology.

Since 1971 research has been ongoing at the Orangutan research and conservation center in Tanjung Puting National Park,

Indonesia. These studies have been specifically concerned with wild orangutan behavior, the development of orangutan con-servation programs, and the re-introduction of captured individ-uals into the wild. Specific areas that have been investigated include orangutan subsistence, sociality, reproduction, cognitive potentials, communications and tool use. Other primate studies have been carried out on pro-boscus monkeys and macaques.

Brian Hayden

Research over the last two years has focused on ethnoarchaeological studies of feasting in Southeast Asia particularly in the Indonesian

island of Sumba. I have also been pursuing research into the spatial characteristics associated with cave paintings in Upper Paleolithic French caves. Excavation work has continued as well at Keatley Creek, and now all 3 volumes of the final report on Keatley Creek have been published. Volume 3 appeared in 2004 in a new and innovative CD-ROM format that is a feature production of Archaeology Press. My book on prehistoric religion, Shamans, Sorcerers, and Saints was published in 2004, and con-stitutes a landmark synthesis in the discipline.

Knut Fladmark

In 2003–2004, as with every year since being injured in an automobile accident in 1985, I was unable to direct any new field research.

Besides a constant up-grading of course mate-rial, most of that time was spent preparing an 86 page manuscript summarizing the prehistory of Subarctic British Columbia. It will be submitted later this year to the Canadian Museum of Civilization, Gatineau, Québec, where it will form part of a

volume edited by Richard Morlan, commemorat-ing Dr. James V. Wright, who passed away in 2004. This year I also presented conference papers discussing possible migration routes used by early people moving southwards in North America from the Bering Straits region at both the Canadian Archaeological Association Meeting in Hamilton and the Geological Association of Canada Meeting in Vancouver.


The summer of 2004 was the first field season for the Colonial Riobamba Archaeological Project, funded through a SSRHC Standard

Grant. This three-year project is looking at the archaeology of the town of Cajabamba/Sicalpa, Ecuador, which sits on top of the colonial city of Riobamba. The city was founded by the Spanish in AD 1534 at the site of an Inka tambo, or roadside way station. Destroyed by an earthquake in 1797, the ruins of the city were abandoned as Riobamba was moved to a new location 17 km away. Now a small rural centre, our excavations in Cajabamba/Sicalpa in summer 2004 took place in various yards and fields in the town centre and surrounding areas. Research centres on the recovery of domestic mid-den deposits, in order to analyse ceramics and food remains. There is also an archival component to the research, which in the first season consisted of initial forays into the Archivo Histórico de la Casa de la Cultura, Chimborazo, which holds an extensive col-lection of pre-1797 documents from the city. The intention is to explore issues of identity among vari-ous groups in the colonial city through the material culture of their houses.

Three PhD students from the Department of Archaeology are currently conducting dissertation research as part of this project. Gina Michaels is exploring the colonial Mercedarian monastery to the north of the city centre. Doug Ross is looking at neighbourhood identities, comparing a sample of houses from various colonial neighbourhoods. Finally Michael St. Denis is excavating the colonial period hospital, located east of the city centre.

Three undergraduates (Meridith Sayre, Robyn Ewing and Adriana Bucz) participated in the field season, and we could not have done it without the assistance of three Ecuadorian workers (José-Luis Espinosa, Efraín Cargua, and Pascual Yangol). A great season was had by all, and we look forward to returning in summer 2005.

In other research, I completed a study of colo-nial majolica sourcing with Ron Hancock of the Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry at the University of Toronto. This work is a first effort to source the manufacturing places of majolicas found in southern highland Ecuador, and manufactured both in Ecuador and in Panama. Analysis of materials from previous excavations in Cuenca, Ecuador, is ongoing, and includes the ongo-ing analysis of faunal materials from Cuenca by Carmen Tarcan.

Ross Jamieson

Michael St. Denis and kids in Sicalpa, Ecuador.

Elma Pumahualla and Meridith Sayre at the site of the former Mercedarian monastery in Sicalpa, Ecuador.


Dana Lepofsky

My research during 2003 and 2004 was divided between finishing up previous projects and initiating new ones. My

students and I continue to analyze material from the Scowlitz and Strathcona Park sites. Happily, the analysis of both are very near completion and we expect several publications to result from these works. In addition, I continue to conduct paleoeth-nobotanical and paleoecological research on various research projects throughout the Northwest.

My attention is mostly focused on a new project which explores shifting interactions and changing social identities among the Stó:lō, a Coast Salish group residing in the Fraser Valley in southwestern British Columbia. In 2003, I received SSHRC funding for this large, inter-disciplinary study which brings together researchers from several institutions (UBC, SFU, USaskatchewan, UCLA, and Sto:lō Nation) and several disciplines (history, linguistics, archaeol-ogy, and geomorphology) to investigate how social, political, ritual, and economic interactions among the Stó:lōvary in time and space. We combine archaeological evidence with that from historical documents, oral accounts, ethnographic sources, and archival and current information on place names, to explore Stó:lō interactions and identity formation. Archaeologically, this entails a two-tiered approach that includes survey, mapping, and limited testing

of approximately 20 village sites as well as more detailed investigations of three village sites that are linked to historic occupations.

In the summer of 2004, we completed our first major field season for this project. We mapped in detail five large village sites which are connected with Sto:lō oral traditions. We found that by exten-sively clearing vegetation, we were able to see extraordinary details about the villages, without hav-ing to excavate (e.g., house size, orientation, exact shape, location of pits and other unusual features). Consistency in details among villages is providing important information about expressions of identity and interaction.

We also excavated two large archaeological sites—the site of Welqamex, a protohistoric village site on Greenwood Island, near the town of Hope for which detailed accounts of who lived at the site are available; and the McCallum site, located on a raised glacial terrace north of the town of Aggasiz, where we found an extensive 6,000 year old settle-ment, including the remains of a small square house, possibly for processing berries (salmonberries, largely) and meat (deer, salmon, and other fish), and several hundred chopper tools.

Our team is currently completing the analyses from this summer and are writing up results for publication.

6,000 year old structure at the McCallum site. Red flags outline the perimeter of this small structure. Note that the structure is square, as are more recent Sto:lo structures.

Detailed map of the Katz site, a 2,400 year old pithouse village in the Upper Fraser Valley. By clearing the vegetation and creat-ing surface maps such as this one, we are able to discern details about village layout without having to excavate. We use these details to track shifting interaction within and among Sto:lō ancient villages.


Erle Nelson

Research interest over the past two years include: • Continuation of a major collabora-

tive isotopic study of the diets of the ancient Greenlandic Norse and Thule. The portions of this major project for which I have responsibility are complete. We await only the final paper in this suite of seven to be finished before the lot will be submitted for publication.

• Studies of the use of antler as a radiocarbon dating material in Arctic research. For some reason, antler has long been discounted as providing reliable 14C dates. Testing has clarified this presumption.

• A major project to explore a completely unex-pected isotopic effect in modern plants. This arose as an unexpected consequence from i) above, and has become the PhD thesis topic of R. Commisso. Field research these past two years has completely validated the phenomenon. Work is underway to examine its potential as a new tool for research in archaeology and the earth sciences.

• Several smaller projects continue with no set com-pletion times, including studies of Arctic marine mammals, of technical problems in radiocarbon dating and of applications of radiocarbon dating to archaeological problems. These last sometimes involve helping colleagues with specific problems.

Robert J. Muir (Lecturer )

Since September 2002 I have been a full time limited-term lecturer in the Department of Archaeology at Simon Fraser University.

During this period I have prepared and taught nine different upper and lower division archaeol-ogy courses, including: Arch 471-5 Archaeological Theory; Arch 433-6: Background to Fieldwork; Arch 434-3: Exercises in Mapping and Recording; Arch 435-6: Fieldwork Practicum; Arch 376-5 Quantitative Methods; Arch 372-5 Material Culture Analysis; Arch 340-5 Zooarchaeology; Arch 201-3 Introduction to Archaeology; and Arch 100-3 Ancient Peoples and Places. I have also supervised several directed read-ings, directed lab, and honours readings/thesis cours-es for senior undergraduates.

During the summer of 2003 I directed the department’s archaeological field school at Little

Shuswap Lake, near Chase, British Columbia. This project involved excavation of a Plateau Horizon pithouse village (site EfQv 12) located on the Quaaout Indian Reserve. The project was conducted with the generous support and assistance of the Little Shuswap Indian Band. Analyses of materials collected are underway and a final report on the excavations will be available next summer (August 2005). Over the last two years I have also prepared and published several articles and reports related to previous research conducted in the American Southwest and Keatley Creek (British Columbia). I am currently researching and preparing a publication on the relationships between subsistence intensifica-tion, resource depression, and the rise and fall of aggregated Pueblo communities in southwestern Colorado.

Above: Rob Commisso sampling at Ø4, Greenland.


George Nicholas

I have been involved in a wide variety of activi-ties in the past two years and which are largely based at the Kamloops campus where I teach

and direct the SFU’s Indigenous Archaeology Program here. Major projects during this period have included the following:

• I have embarked on a major research program in intellectual property rights and archaeology. This has been the subject of a series of recent publica-tions, and the basis for a major international proj-ect on this topic that I am developing with several colleagues.

• I continue in my role as Editor-in-Chief of the Canadian Journal of Archaeology, and Editor of the CJA Occasional Publication Series. Cheryl Takahashi has recently developed a new CJA web site.

• As Co-investigator (with Nancy Turner, UVic) of a three-year SSHRC-funded project comparing interior and coastal patterns of traditional and pre-historic plant use, I directed wetlands-related field studies at Burns Bog (Delta) and Sabiston Lake (Kamloops). My research and writing on wetlands and hunter-gatherer societies worldwide continues.

• Since 2003, I have been a Collaborator on the SSHRC-funded project, “Protection and Repatriation of First Nation Cultural Heritage” project,” headed by Catherine Bell (University of Alberta). My research here has focused on issues relating to cultural and intellectual property.

• In 2003-2004, I worked with Kelly Bannister (UVic) and the Hul’qumi’num Treaty Group on a study of traditional Hul’qumi’num Heritage Law and archaeological perceptions.

• In 2004, I was appointed Advisor, Indigenous Archaeologies Series, AltaMira Press, and was appointed to the Curriculum Committee,

Society for American Archaeology. In 2004, I became a member of the Advisory Board for AnthroCommons, based at the University of California-Berkeley. I continue to serve as a consul-tant to the Kamloops Indian Band, the Secwepemc Cultural Education Society, the Shuswap Nation Tribal Council, and the Nicola Tribal Association.

• Finally, I have presented the results of the above-mentioned work at the BC Archaeology Forum, and at the CAA, AAA, SAA, WAC, and Chacmool conferences, as have several of my students.


Mark Skinner

In 2003 Mark Skinner traveled to East Timor, Australia,

Den Haag, and Bosnia during the tenure of his Bora Laskin National Fellowship in Human Rights ($55,000). Arising from his investigations he published Guidelines for International Forensic Bioarchaeology Monitors of Mass

Grave Exhumation which appeared in Forensic Science International in 2003. Additional publica-tions arising from this research which are currently in press include co-authored publications with Erin Jessee (A Typology of Mass Grave and Mass Grave-related Sites) and with Soren Blau (The Use of Forensic Archaeology in theInvestigation of Human Rights Abuse: Unearthing the Past in East Timor) and with Jon Sterenberg (Turf Wars: Authority and Responsibility for the Investigation of mass graves).

He has continued his research on developmental stress in apes publishing with David Hopwood in 2004 An hypothesis for the causes and periodic-ity of repetitive transverse enamel hypoplasia (rTEH) in large, wild African (Pan troglodytes and Gorilla gorilla) and Asian (Pongo pygmaeus) apes which appeared in the American Journal of Physical Anthropology (2004) as well as Localised hypopla-

sia of the primary canine in Bonobos, Orangutans and Gibbons which appeared in the same journal. He spent 4 weeks in 2003 at the Kunming Institute of Archaeology (China) to collect high resolution casts of Lufengpithecus dentition and 2 weeks at the Hanoi Institute of Archaeology (Vietnam) to collect similar data on paleo-orangutan fossils. He also col-lected data on Dryopithecus from Spain during t his interval. These data are part of his ongoing research on paleo-ecology of fossil hominoids.

During 2003-4 he delivered 16 public lectures on topics related to forensic anthropology and paleoan-thropology. In September, 2004 he took leave from SFU to take up the post for one year as Director of Forensic Sciences for the International Commission on Missing Persons for the Former Yugoslavia where he supervises 121 staff in the general task of deter-mining the fate of thousands of missing persons aris-ing from the conflict there during the 1990’s. ICMP is currently collaborating with Physicians for Human Rights to assist the Iraqi Kurdistan as well as the Baghdad authorities in their planned efforts to deal with the large problem of mass graves in Iraq.

He also participated in 2003 as an External Review Panel Member in evaluating the MSc Osteoarchaeology, MSc Forensic and Biological Anthropology, MSc Forensic Archaeology, Bournemouth University. Additionally he was a Panel Member to review the Major Collaborative Research Initiatives Grant for the U. of Alberta Cis-Baikal 5 year project funded by SSHRC.

Richard Shutler, Jr. (Emeritus)

Dr. Shutler’s current research and papers in process include: 1) Tule Springs, Nevada: A reexamination of the possible associa-

tion of pre-Clovis artifacts with extinct Pleistocene fauna a the site, in the light of increasing similar claims for other sites in North America; 2) Tabon

Cave, Palawan Island, Philippines: A discussion of the cultural and chronological position of this site, in light of new radiocarbon dates; and 3) Lapita Pre-Voyage Staging Areas: A discussion of the necessary prepara-tions for long distance voyages of exploration and colonization by the Lapita people.


Dongya Yang

Since the establishment of the dedicated ancient DNA laboratory at SFU two years ago, my research group has been focusing on

ancient DNA recovery and analysis as well as its applications to archaeology and physical anthropol-ogy. We have been testing different chemicals and conditions for achieving optimal decontaminations of archaeological materials for ancient DNA analysis (MA thesis, Kathy Watt). In addition, we continue to work on improving techniques for retrieving DNA from ancient remains.

Ancient DNA analysis of archaeological faunal remains can provide accurate species-level (and occasionally population-level) identifications. In the past two years, we have tested a variety of archaeo-logical remains to evaluate ancient DNA preser-vation and to explore the possibility of applying ancient DNA analysis to archaeological investigations. Our main projects (both completed and on-going) incorporate the DNA analysis of many species including: salmon remains from Namu of the Central Coast of BC to study prehistoric salmon fishery fluctuation (in collaboration with Aubrey Cannon); the analysis of salmon remains from Keatley Creek

of the BC Interior to study prehistoric utilization of salmon species (MA thesis, Camilla Speller); whale remains from Vancouver Island to study prehis-tory whale hunting and whale use (in collaboration with Alan McMillan); and rabbit remains from the Southwest America to reconstruct prehistoric rabbit hunting and environmental conditions (in collabora-tion with Jon Driver).

My other research interests include the study of health and diseases of past human populations in China (MA thesis, Edwin Lee).

Graduate students, Kathy Watt, Camilla Speller (front) and undergraduate student Joshua Woiderski (back) in the Ancient DNA Laboratory.

Eldon Yellowhorn

I received my faculty appointment in August 2002. After joining the department I began working, with Alan McMillan, on a revised and up-dated

version of Native Peoples and Cultures of Canada: An Anthropological Overview. In the summer of 2004 the book was published with the title First Peoples in Canada. I am currently working on a second publica-tion that will bring together my research interest in northern plains antiquity. It will be a synthesis of Blackfoot mythology as it is represented in the northern plains archaeological record.

In the summer of 2004 I initiated a historical

archaeology project with the Piikani First Nation. This project will direct my research activities away from the ancient heritage of Piikani people to sites that capture their experience during their early reserve years. For this project I will be investigating the changes that accompanied the shift to settled-farm-ing life, but also the customs that survived the transi-tion and which persisted into modern times. The objective for this project is to chronicle the history of the Piikani community from the late nineteenth century to the present by focusing on archival and material culture studies.


Research Grants

Bannister, K., and G. Nicholas(2003–2004) Hul’qumi’num Heritage Law Case Study. Component of the SSHRC-funded proj-ect, Protection and Repatriation of First Nation Cultural Heritage Project. Hul’qumi’num Treaty Group and Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council ($30,000).

Bell, Lynne(2004) President’s Research Grant, Simon Fraser University ($10,000).

(2004) Endowed Research Fellowship ($5,000).

(2004) Dean’s Research Fellowship ($6,000).

(2003) A reassessment of human C-14 bomb curve data to refine the mammal error. Joint US CILHI grant ($60,000).

Burley, D. V. (2002–2004) Polynesian Origins. Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada Grant ($158,328).

(2004) Dean of Arts Research Grant. Simon Fraser University ($5,000).

(2004) Sevilla la Nueva Project, Jamaica. SFU/SSHRC Small Project Grant ($2,500).

(2003) Dean of Arts Research Grant. Simon Fraser University ($5,000).

Coupland, G., G. Nicholas, and J. Hunston (2004–2008) Grant in Aid of the Canadian Journal of Archaeology. Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council Research Grant ($45,000).

D’Andrea, A.C.(2004–2005) Ethnoarchaeological Studies of Sorghum, Middle Nile Basin, Sudan. Wenner-Gren Foundation for Anthropological Research, Post-Ph.D. Grant ($24,385 USD).

(2003–2004) Ethiopian Farmers Yesterday and Today: Geoarchaeological Survey of Gulo-Makeda. National Geographic Society, Committee for Research and Exploration Grant ($10,914 USD)

(2002–2003) Kintampo Archaeobotanical Studies. Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council Small Grant ($4,994)

(2002–2006) Ethiopian Farmers Then and Now: Ethnoarchaeological Investigations at Gulo-Makeda, Eastern Tigrai. Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council Research Grant ($175,000), year 1 of 3.

Driver, J.C. (2004–2007) Chacoan Faunas. Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council Research Grant ($99,000), year 1 of 3.

Hayden, B.(2003–2004) The Ethnoarchaeology of Feasting in Southeast Asia. Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council Research Grant ($21,000), years 2 & 3 of 3.

(2004) A New Study of the Spatial Context of Upper Paleolithic Cave Art. SFU/SSHRC Small Grant ($2,500).

Hilderbrand, D. and D.Y. Yang (2003-2004) Distribution of Sequence Heteroplasmy in Human Mitochondrial DNA from Skeletal Remains. Canadian Police Research Centre, External Grant ($17,000).

Jamieson, R.(2003–2006) Caste, Identity and Material Culture in Colonial Riobamba, Ecuador. Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council Research Grant ($178,000), year 2 of 4.

Research Grants • 35

(2003–2005) Faunal materials from a 16th century Spanish colonial butcher’s yard, Cuenca. SFU/SSHRC Small Grant ($4,013), year 2 of 3.

Lepofsky, D.(2003–2006) Aboriginal collective identity across time, space, and academic disciplines: Exploring Interactions among the Sto:lo of southwestern British Columbia. In collaboration with Michael Blake (University of British Columbia), Jeanne Arnold (UCLA), Dave Schaepe (Sto:lo Nation and UBC), Pat Moore (UBC), and John Clague (SFU). Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council Research Grant. ($216,270).

(2001–2003) The Emergence of Status Inequality at the Keatley Creek site, British Columbia. Bill Prentiss, Principle Investigator. Wenner-Gren Foundation ($3,023 [$2,000 USD]).

(2001–2003) The Emergence of Status Inequality at the Keatley Creek site, British Columbia. Bill Prentiss, Principle Investigator. National Science Foundation. ($5,918 [$3,915 USD]).

(2001–2003) Zooarchaeological and paleoethnobo-tanical analysis of the Strathcona Park site: a Coast Salish summer village in Indian Arm. SSHRC Small Grant ($4,911).

Nelson, D.E.(2002–2005) Archaeometric Research. Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada Grant ($50,000/year), year 3 of 4.

(2003–2005) Arctic Isotopic Archaeology. Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council Research Grant ($30,000/year), year 2 of 3.

Nicholas, G.P.(2004) Intellectual Property Rights and Archaeology Project. Discovery Park Grant, SFU ($3,900).

(2004) Analysis of a Possible Mid-Holocene Feather from an Archaeological Site, Kamloops, B.C. SSHRCouncil/SFU Small Research Grant ($3,584).

(2003) Intellectual Property Rights and Archaeology Project. Discovery Park Grant, SFU ($5,000).

Turner, N., G. P. Nicholas, M. Ignace, and R. Ignace (Co-Investigators)

(2003–2004) Patterns in Ethnobotany: People-Plant Relationships of the Interior Plateau and Northwest Coast. Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council Research Grant ($174,000 for three years; Archaeology component approx. $25,000 for this period).

Yang, D.Y., A. Cannon, A. McMillan and D. Hilderbrand(2003-2006) Developing New Models for the Study of Environmental Archaeology through Ancient DNA Analysis. SSHRC Research Development Initiatives, External Grant ($110,000).

Yang, D.Y. (2004-2005) Developing a Cost-Efficient DNA-Based Method for Species Identification. SFU/SSHRC Small, Internal Grant ($3,000).

Yang, D.Y. (2004) Archaeozoology and Genetics. SFU/SSHRC Travel, Internal Grant ($1,500).

Yang, D.Y. (2003-2004) Understanding Ancient Human Subsistence Practices through DNA Studies of Archaeofaunal and Archaeofloral Species. SFU Discovery Park Fund, Internal Grant ($10,000).

Yang, D.Y.(2002-2003) Evaluation of DNA Preservation in Tongan Faunal Remains. SFU/SSHRC Internal Grant ($4,900).

36 • SFU Archaeology 2003/2004 Biennial Report36 • SFU Archaeology | 2001/2002 Biennial Report

The main project the Museum has undertaken this year is a large web based multimedia proj-ect on peopling the New World – A Journey

to a New Land. With a $200,000 contribution from the Virtual Museum of Canada, and in partnership with the Learning and Instructional Development Center and community and First Nations organiza-tions, the Museum developed a comprehensive site showcasing SFU research in five age appropriate levels. The bilingual French/English site can be viewed at www.sfu.museum/journey. The project trained eleven students in a variety of skills, some in a paid capacity, some as volunteers and some as students working for credit.

In July, Senate approved the First Nations Heritage Certificate Program providing accessible under-graduate pre-professional training and professional development in the First Nations heritage industries – museums, archives, cultural tourism, heritage pres-

ervation, heritage agencies, cultural organizations and cultural administration. Offered through the Simon Fraser University in Kamloops, the certificate is especially suitable for First Nations individuals who wish to gain proficiency in managing and preserving cultural and heritage resources and to acquire practi-cal skills which can be put to use in their communi-ties and nations. It is also open to non-native stu-dents who wish to acquire skills in the above areas. Barbara Winter developed and taught “Introduction to Museum Studies”, a summer semester course in the Kamloops SCES/SFU program this year. The stu-dents enrolled were predominantly of First Nations Heritage.

The museum continues to work with Dr. E. Gardner of the Faculty of Education in the Sto:lo Shxweli Halq’emeylem Language Program, making artifacts and museum objects available for language teachers.

Museum of Archaeology & Ethnology

Above and opposite: Digital illustrations from “A Journey to a New Land” web site.

Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology • 37

Museum of Archaeology & Ethnology

The Museum received a large and significant donation of photographic images and historic video from Dr. Wolfgang Jilek and Dr. Louise Jilek-Aall. The images were photographed during their lifelong research into shamanism among indigenous peoples around the world. Other smaller donations of pho-tographic images were also received. All photograph-ic collections have been databased at the accession level. This year the Museum began cataloguing these images at the individual level. As this project pro-ceeds it will make these images available for use in teaching, the web and exhibitions.

The Museum’s web site was completely reorga-nized this year. A team of two archaeology students and a computer science student re-worked the

home page and re-organized access to the modules, relating the content and learning outcomes of the site to the BC Ministry of Education IRPs. This makes the site much more useful for teachers wishing to use it to augment curriculum materials.

Twenty three student volunteers worked on vari-ous collections management activities, developing skills they intend to use in museum related future work. The major collections activities in the past year included development of collections management databases and a shelf verification of a large portion of the database.

Barbara WinterMuseum Curator


The Archaeology Laboratories are staffed by Andrew Barton (Laboratory Manager) and Shannon Wood (Laboratory Technician)

and were joined by Heather Robertson who worked as a research assistant in 2004 under an SSHRC Indirect Costs of Research grant from the Vice-President Research office. Staff supervised students working under 26 work study projects which focused on ongoing research and collec-tions related work conducted in the Archaeology Laboratories. Students participating on the projects included Rizwaan Abbas, Sarah Baldry, Sarah Dersch, Conrad Elander, Jenn Gibo, Liza Grotrian, Shannon King, Darryl Kirsch, Mikael Larsson, Adrienne Marr, Megan McMahon, Laura Nielson, Cinnamon Pandur, Jennifer Parrott, Mike Prevost, Heather Robertson, Jakub Rosicki, Alice Storey, Ginelle Taylor, Kristina VanderMeer, Christopher Verral, Christine Wright, and Sandy Zoffmann.

Work continued on the development of the laboratory teaching and research collections dur-ing the last two years with significant emphasis on curatorial work on the human osteology collection. The Beach Grove osteological material was re-analyzed in preparation for its repatriation to the RBCM. Heather Robertson conducted a complete review of the documentation system for the osteol-ogy collection and updated the information in the collection database. A new database was set up for material analyzed, and in some cases accessioned, through the Forensic Recovery program. In 2003 we negotiated the transfer of a collection of early hand wrought nails and hand blown glass artifacts from Fort Carleton for the historic archaeology collection and continued the development of teaching kits for use in the historic archaeology lab course. Six new fossil hominid casts were purchased for the palaeo-anthropology cast collection in 2004, the database taxonomy for the collection was updated and col-lections storage was reorganized. A backlog of un-

catalogued specimens for the lithic source collection were accessioned and added to the collection and work continued on cataloguing specimens for the zooarchaeology comparative collection. Five collec-tions of analyzed field collections were inventoried and prepared for long-term storage.

Equipment and logistical support was provided to five Department field schools over the past two years, including the Department field school at Little Shuswap Lake, the Secwepemc field school Kamloops, and the South Pacific field school at the Sigatoka Dune Site in Fiji in 2003, and the field schools at the McCallum Site in Aggasiz, and the South Pacific field school in the Kingdom of Tonga in 2004. Support and equipment was also provided to fourteen other field research projects conducted by Department faculty, graduate, undergraduate stu-dents and visiting scholars in 2003 and 2004.

In 2004 the archaeology laboratories underwent a major renovation that involved the extension of the laboratory access hallway, the removal of a decommissioned electrical generator, the complete renovation of an existing project laboratory and the construction of a small laboratory that will be used to house the department’s graphic computer facility. The department was also allocated funding to com-plete renovations of undeveloped space on the labo-ratory 8000 level and planning is underway for the construction of two more labs in February of 2005. In 2004, the laboratory staff were heavily involved in the planning, development and design of the space for the Centre for Forensic Studies, Archaeology Laboratories and First Nations Studies in the pro-posed Arts and Social Sciences Complex building which will be under construction in 2005.

Renewal of laboratory and field equipment con-tinued with the purchase of a 2002 GMC Savana van and a refit of the department research vessel, the MV Highlander, both funded from the proceeds of the sale of the Department research vessel the

Laboratories Report

Laboratories Report • 39

MV Sisiutl. Prior to the field schools in the summer of 2003 and 2004 we replaced our field excavation and field camp equipment and purchased a new Leica total station, GPS units and digital cameras for use on field projects. The Office of the Dean of Arts and Social Sciences generously provided the depart-ment with funding in 2004 which allow us to pur-chase eighteen new microscopes and illuminators to replace the old microscopes in our teaching labora-tory. Laboratory staff contributed to the preparation of the CFI applications for the Tier I Chair in Cultural Resource Management and the Tier II CRC chair in Forensic Studies

The Department is in the process of moving its administrative files and web pages off the Pyramid server. The University’s implementation of People Soft administrative computing system required a number of upgrades to staff computing equipment and increased technical support for the intricacies in the new system. Lab staff act as LAN administrators

and Shannon Wood serves as the Archaeology rep-resentative on the revived Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences Computer Advisory Committee.

In 2004 Shannon Wood conducted archaeological fieldwork at the site of Petra in Jordan, excavating a portion of the ‘pool house’ in the Petra Garden and Pool Complex. She is currently analyzing the faunal material from the site. Andrew Barton con-ducted field research on the island of Tongatapu in the Kingdom of Tonga in 2003, provided logistical assistance with the Department’s South Pacific field school in Tonga in 2004 and continued to sit as the Faculty of Arts and Social Science representative on the University Radiological Safety Committee.

Andrew BartonLab Manager

Shannon WoodLaboratory Technician

Excavation at Petra, 2004.


Blau, S., and M. F. Skinner 2005 The Use of Forensic Archaeology in the Investigation of Human Rights Abuse: Unearthing the Past in East Timor. The International Journal of Human Rights (in press).

Burley, D. V. 2003 Toward the historical archaeology of Levuka, a South Pacific port of call. International Journal of Historical Archaeology 7(4): 243–265.

2003 Dynamic landscapes and episodic occupa-tions: Archaeological interpretation and implica-tions in the prehistory of the Sigatoka Sand Dunes. In Pacific Archaeology: Assessments and Prospects, Le Cahiers de l’Archeologie en Nouvelle Caledonie 15, Noumea, C. Sand (ed.), pp. 327–335.

2003 Review of Lapita and its Transformations in the Mussau Islands, Papua New Guinea (P. V. Kirch), Asian Perspectives 42(1): 178–181.

Burley, D. V. and J. Clark2003 The archaeology of Fiji/Western Polynesia in the Post-Lapita era. In Pacific Archaeology: Assessments and Prospects, Le Cahiers de l’Archeologie en Nouvelle Caledonie 15, Noumea, C. Sand (ed.), pp. 221–235.

Burley, D. V. and W. R. Dickinson2004 Late Lapita occupation and its ceramic assemblage at the Sigatoka Sand Dune site, Fiji, and their place in Oceanic prehistory. Archaeology in Oceania 39: 12–25.

Burley, D. V., D. W. Steadman and A. Anderson2003 The volcanic outlier of ‘Ata in Tongan pre-history: Reconsideration of its role and settlement chronology. Journal of New Zealand Archaeology 25: 89–106.

Carlson, R.C.2004 Images of Pre-Contact Northwest Coast Masks. American Indian Art Magazine (in press).

2004 Review of Emerging from the Mist: Studies in Northwest Coast Culture History (Ed: R.G. Matson). The Candian Historical Review 85(4) (in press).

2003 (Ed.) Archaeology of Coastal British Columbia:

Essays in the Honour of Professor Philip M. Hobler. Archaeology Press, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby., BC.

2003 Review of The Early Settlement of North America: the Clovis Era (G. Hanes). Canadian Journal of Archaeology 27(2): 321–322.

Cox, M. and L. S. Bell2003 An initial assessment of the condition and requirements for conservation of human remains at six genocide memorial sites in Rwanda. Inforce Foundation Report: Series 1.

D’Andrea, A.C. 2004 Charred Plant Remains from Tel el-Rub’a (Mendes), Egypt: Preliminary Report. In Excavations at Mendes. Volume I. The Royal Necropolis, D. B. Redford (ed). Leiden: Brill.

2004 Food, Fuel and Fields. Journal of African Archaeology (in press).

2003 Social and Technological Aspects of Non-Mechanised Emmer Processing. In Le Traitement des Récoltes: Un regard sur la diversité, du néo-lithique au présent, P. C. Anderson, L. S. Cummings, T. S. Schippers, B. Simonel (eds.), pp. 47–60. Antibes: Éditions APDCA.

Dean B. J., L. S. Bell, and M.C. Cox2004 Cementum annulation: problems and pros-pects for the aging of human remains. American. Journal of Physical Anthropology .

Driver, J.C. 2003 Review of Environmental Archaeology: Principles and Practice (D. Dincauze). Canadian Journal of Archaeology 27: 121–124.

2003 Review of Archaeology: The Widening Debate (Eds: B. Cunliffe, W. Davies, C. Renfrew). Canadian Journal of Archaeology 27: 323–325.

2004 Food, status and formation processes: a case study from Medieval England. In Behaviour Behind Bones: The Zooarchaeology of Ritual, Religion, Status and Identity, S. Jones O’Day, W. Van Neer and A. Ervynck, (eds.), pp. 244–251. Oxbow Books, Oxford.

Publications

Publications • 41

2004 Review of Archaeological Theory and Scientific Practice (A. Jones). Canadian Journal of Archaeology 28:161–165.

Hallett, D. J., D. Lepofsky, R. W. Mathewes, K. P. Lertzman

2003 11,000 years of fire history and climate in the mountain hemlock rainforests of south-western British Columbia based on sedimentary charcoal. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 33: 292–312.

Hayden, B. 2004 (Ed.) The ancient past of Keatley Creek. Volume III: Excavations. Archaeology Press, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC.

2003 Hunting and feasting: Health and demo-graphic consequences. Before Farming 2002/3-4(3) www.waspjournals.

2004 Sociopolitical Organization in the Natufian: A view from the Northwest. In The Last Hunter-Gatherer Societies in the Near East, C. Delage (ed.), pp. 263–308. BAR International Series. Oxford.

2004 Comment on Zooarchaeological Measures of Hunting Pressure and Occupation Intensity in the Natufian (N. Munro). Current Anthropology 45(Supplement): S25.

2004 Signs and symbols of the Maya. PARI Journal 5(2): 7–12.

2004 How religion changed in the Bronze Age. The Pomegranate 6(1): 107–126.

2003 Shamans, Sorcerers, and Saints: The Prehistory of Religion. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC.

2003 Were luxury foods the first domesticates? Ethnoarchaeological perspectives from Southeast Asia. World Archaeology 34: 458–469.

Hayden, B., and R. Adams. 2004 Ritual structures in transegalitarian com-munities. In Complex Hunter-Gatherers: Evolution and Organization of Prehistoric Communitites on the Plateau of Northwestern North America, W. Prentiss and I. Kuijt (eds.), pp. 84–102. University of Utah Press, Salt Lake City.

Hayden, B., and S. Mossop. 2004 The social dimensions of roasting pits in a winter village site. In Complex Hunter-Gatherers: Evolution and Organization of Prehistoric Communitites on the Plateau of Northwestern North America, W. Prentiss and I. Kuijt (eds.), pp. 140–154. University of Utah Press, Salt Lake City.

Hayden, B., and J. Ryder 2003 Cultural collapses in the Northwest: A reply to Ian Kuijit. American Antiquity 68: 157–160.

Hetherington, R., J. V. Barrie, R. MacLeod and M.C. Wilson.

2004 Quest for the lost land. Geotimes 49(2): 20–23.

Jackson, L. E., Jr., and M.C. Wilson2004 The ice-free corridor revisited. Geotimes 49(2):16–19.

Jamieson, R.W.2003 De Tomebamba a Cuenca: Arquitectura y Vida Cotidiana en la Colonia. Abya Yala, Quito, Ecuador.

2003 Review of Café, sociedad y relaciones de poder en América Latina (Samper et al.). Journal of Social History 36(3): 775–777.

2004 Bolts of Cloth and Sherds of Pottery: Impressions of Caste in the Material Culture of the Seventeenth Century Audiencia of Quito. The Americas 60(3): 431–446.

2004 Review of The Nasca (Silverman and Proulx). Canadian Journal of History 39(2): 396–398.

2004 Review of Archaeology at La Isabela and Columbus’s Outpost among the Taínos (Deagan & Cruxent). Colonial Latin American Review 13(1): 155–163.

2005 Caste in Cuenca: Colonial identity in the 17th century Andes. In The Archaeology of Plural and Changing Identities: Beyond Identification, E.C. Casella and C. Fowler (eds.). Springer, New York (in press).

Jamieson, R.W., and R.G.V. Hancock2004 Neutron Activation Analysis of Colonial Ceramics from Southern Highland Ecuador. Archaeometry 46(4): 569–583.


Jessee, E., and M. F. Skinner2005 A Typology of Mass Grave and Mass Grave-related Sites. Forensic Science International (accept-ed Dec. 18, 2004) (in press).

Katzenberg, M. A., G. Oetelaar, J. Oetelaar, C. FitzGerald, D. Y. Yang and S.R. Saunders.

2005 Positive Identification of an Early Pioneer in Alberta: Skeletal and Dental age, History and DNA. International Journal of Osteoarchaeology, Published online Sept 6. 2004.

Lepofsky, D.2004 The Northwest. In Plants and People in Ancient North America, P. Minnis (ed.), pp. 367–364. Smithsonian Institution Press.

2004 Plants and Pithouses: 2003. The Archaeobot-any of Complex Hunter-Gatherers on the British Columbia Plateau. The Archaeobotany of Temperate-Zone Hunter-Gatherers, S.L.R. Mason and J.G. Hather (eds.), Institute of Archaeology Occasional Publica-tions, London (in press).

2003 The Ethnobotany of cultivated plants of the Maohi of the Society Islands. Economic Botany 57: 73–92.

Lepofsky, D., D. Hallett, K. Washbrook, A. McHalsie, K. Lertzman, and R. Mathewes

2004 Documenting precontact plant manage-ment on the Northwest Coast: An example of prescribed burning in the central and upper Fraser Valley, British Columbia. In Keeping it Living: Traditions of Plant Use and Cultivation on the Northwest Coast, D. E. Deur and N .J. Turner (eds.). University of Washington Press, Seattle (in press).

Lepofsky, D., E. Heyerdahl, K. Lertzman, D. Schaepe, and B. Mierendorf

2003 Climate, Humans, and Fire in the History of Chittenden Meadow. Conservation Ecology 7: 5. URL: http://www.consecol.org/vol7/iss3/art5.

Lepofsky, D., K. Lertzman, D. Hallett, and R. Mathewes2004 Climate Change and Culture Change on the Southern Coast of British Columbia 2400–1200 B.P.: An Hypothesis. American Antiquity (in press).

Lepofsky, D., and N. Lyons2003 Modeling ancient plant use on the Northwest Coast: Towards an understanding of mobility and sedentism. Journal of Archaeological Science 30: 1357–1371.

Lepofsky, D., N. Lyons, and M. Moss2003 The use of driftwood on the North Pacific Coast: An example from Southeast Alaska. Journal of Ethnobiology 23: 125–141.

Lepofsky, D., M. Moss, and N. Lyons2004 The Paleoethnobotanical Remains from the Cape Addington Site. In. The Cape Addington Site, M. Moss (ed.). University of Oregon.

Lepofsky, D., and S. Peacock2004 A Question of Intensity: Exploring the Role of Plant Foods in Northern Plateau Prehistory, In Complex Hunter-Gatherers: Evolution and Organization of Prehistoric Communities on the Plateau of Northwestern North America, B. Prentiss and I. Kuijt (eds.). University of Utah Press.

Lyons, D. E., and A.C. D’Andrea.2003 Griddles, Ovens and the Origins of Agriculture: An Ethnoarchaeological Study of Bread Baking in Highland Ethiopia. American Anthropologist 105(3): 515–530.

McLay, E., K. Bannister, L. Joe, B. Thom, and G. Nicholas2004 ‘A’lhuttu tet Sulhween—“Respecting the Ancestors”: Report of the Hul’qumi’num Heritage Law Case Study. Project for Protection and Repatriation of First Nation Cultural Heritage Project. Hul’qumi’num Treaty Group and Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council.

McMillan, A., and E.C. Yellowhorn2004 First Peoples in Canada, 387 pp. Douglas and McIntyre, Vancouver, B.C.

Muir, R. J.2004 A Summary of Housepit Rim Excavations. In The Ancient Past of Keatley Creek, Volume 3: Excavations and Artifacts, B. Hayden (ed.). Archaeology Press, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, B.C.

2004 The Sand Canyon Pueblo Faunal Assemblage. In Excavations at Sand Canyon Pueblo, K. Kuckelman (ed.). Crow Canyon Archaeological Center, Cortez (in press).

Muir, R. J., and J.C. Driver2003 Faunal Remains from Yellow Jacket Pueblo. In Excavations at Yellow Jacket Pueblo, Kristin Kuckelman (ed.). Crow Canyon Archaeological Center, Cortez. URL: http://www.crowcanyon.org/

Publications • 43

ResearchReports/YellowJacket/Text/yjpw_faunalre-mains.htm (35 pages).

2004 Identifying Ritual Use of Animals in the Northern American Southwest. In Behaviour Behind Bones: The zooarchaeology of religion, ritual, status, and identity, Proceedings of the 9th ICAZ Conference, Durham 2002. S. Jones O’Day (ed.), pp. 128–143. Oxbow Books, London.

Nelson, D. E., R. G. Commisso, and C. M. Takahashi2004 A small investigation at Norse Site Ø38. Simon Fraser University Archaeometry Laboratory Report 2004–3.

Nelson, D. E. and J. Møhl2003 Radiocarbon dating caribou antler and bone: Are they different? Arctic 56(3): 262–265.

Nelson, D. E. and C. M. Takahashi2004 Testing collagen preservation in orangutan fossil tooth and bone. Simon Fraser University Archaeometry Laboratory Report 2004–1.

2004 Dating an ancient Greenlandic walrus tusk. Simon Fraser University Archaeometry Laboratory Report 2004–2.

Nicholas, G. P.2004 The Persistence of Memory, The Politics of Desire: Archaeological Impacts on Aboriginal Peoples and Their Response. In Decolonizing Archaeological Theory and Practice, C. Smith and H. M. Wobst (eds.), pp. 81–103. Routledge.

2004 Review of Revitalizations & Mazeways: Essays on Culture Change, Vol. 1. (A. C. Wallace). American Anthropologist (in press).

2004 Prehistoric Hunter-Gatherers and Wetland Environments: Theoretical Issues, Economic Organization, and Resource Management Strategies. In Wetlands: Local Issues, World Perspectives, M. Lillie and S. Ellis (eds.). Oxbow Press (in press).

2004 Prehistoric Hunter-Gatherers and Wetland Environments: Mobility/Sedentism and Sociopolitical Organization. In Wetlands: Local Issues, World Perspectives, M. Lillie and S. Ellis (eds.). Oxbox Press (in press).

2004 On Underestimating the Past (editorial). Canadian Journal of Archaeology 28(2): iii–vi.

2004 What I Really Want from a Relationship with Native Americans. The SAA Archaeological Record, Society for American Archaeology. May: 29–33.

2004 On Archaeology and Human Rights Abuses (editorial). Canadian Journal of Archaeology 28(1): i–ii.

2003 On Responsibility in Archaeology (editorial). Canadian Journal of Archaeology 27(2): i–iii.

2003 Understanding the Present, Honoring the Past. In Indigenous Peoples and Archaeology, T. Peck, E. Siegfried, and G. Oetelaar (eds.), pp. 11–27. University of Calgary Press.

2003 A Necessary Tension: Integrating Processual, Postprocessual, and Other Approaches to the Past. In Indigenous Peoples and Archaeology, T. Peck, E. Siegfried, and G. Oetelaar (eds.), pp. 14–129. University of Calgary Press.

2003 On the Importance of Graduate Students (editorial). Canadian Journal of Archaeology 27(1): i–iii.

2003 Review of Understanding Stone Tools and Archaeological Sites (B. P. Kooyman). Alberta Archaeological Review 35: 16–17.

Nicholas, G. P., and K. P. Bannister2004 Intellectual Property Rights and Indigenous Cultural Heritage in Archaeology. In Indigenous Intellectual Property Rights: Facing, M. Riley (ed.), pp. 309–340. AltaMira Press, Walnut Grove, CA.

2004 Reply to Smith. Current Anthropology 45(4): 528–529.

2004 Copyrighting the Past? Emerging Intellectual Property Rights Issues in Archaeology. Current Anthropology 45(3): 327–350.

Nicholas, G. P., and J. Hollowell2004 Intellectual Property Rights in Archaeology? Anthropology News 45(4): 6, 8. American Anthropological Association.

Pavlish, L.A., G. Mumford, and A.C. D’Andrea2003 Geotechnical Survey at Tell Tabilla, Northeastern Nile Delta, Egypt. In Egyptology at the Dawn of the Twenty-First Century, Volume 1, Z. Hawass & L. Pinch-Brock (eds.), pp. 361–368. American University in Cairo Press., Cairo.


Sandgathe, D., and B. Hayden2003 Did Neanderthals eat inner bark? Antiquity 77: 709–718.

Shapiro, B., and 26 others including M.C. Wilson and J.C. Driver

2004 Rise and fall of the Beringian steppe bison. Science 306: 1561–1565.

Shutler, R. Jr.2003 Remarks on Chinese Pleistocene Archaeology. In Current Research in Chinese Pleistocene Archaeology, BAR International Series 1179, C. Shen and S. G. Keate (eds.), pp. 137–142, Oxford: Archaeopress.

Shutler, R. Jr., J. M. Head, D. J. Donahue, A. J. T. Jull, M. F. Barbetti, S. Matsu’ura, J. de Vos, and P. Storm

2004 AMS radiocarbon dates on bone from cave sites in southeast Java, Indonesia, including Wajak. Mod. Quaternary Res. SE Asia 18: 1–5.

Skinner, M. F., D. Alempijevic and M. Djuric-Srejic2003 Guidelines for International Forensic Bioarchaeology Monitors of Mass Grave Exhumations. Forensic Science International 134: 79–90.

Skinner, M. F., and D. Hopwood2004 An hypothesis for the causes and periodic-ity of repetitive transverse enamel hypoplasia (rTEH) in large, wild African (Pan troglodytes and Gorilla gorilla) and Asian(Pongo pygmaeus) apes. Amer. J. Phys. Anthropol 123: 216–235.

Skinner, M. F., and E. A. Newell2003 Localised Hypoplasia of the Primary Canine in Bonobos, Orangutans and Gibbons. Amer. J. Phys. Anthropol 120: 61–72.

Skinner, M. F., and J. Sterenberg2004 Turf Wars: Authority and Responsibility for the Investigation of mass graves. Forensic Science International. Accepted Feb. 19, 04 (in press).

Taçon, P. S.C., E. Nelson, C. Chippindale and G. Chaloupka

2004 The beeswax rock art of the Northern Territory: Direct dating results and a ‘Book of Record’. Rock Art Research 21(2): 155–160.

Ward, B. C., M.C. Wilson, D. W. Nagorsen, D. E. Nelson, J.C. Driver and R. J. Wigen

2003 Port Eliza Cave: North American West Coast interstadial environment and implications for human migrations. Quaternary Science Reviews 22: 1383–1388.

Wilson, M.C2004 Editing the cultural landscape: a taphonomic perspective on the destruction of aboriginal sites on the Northwestern Plains. In: Archaeology on the Edge: New Perspectives from the Northern Plains, B. Kooyman and J.H. Kelley (eds.), pp. 53–77. Canadian Archaeological Association Occasional Paper 4. University of Calgary Press, Calgary.

Yellowhorn, E.C.2003 Before the Alberta Century. In Archaeology in Alberta: A View from the New Millennium J. W. Brink and J. F. Dormaar (eds.), pp. 224–242. Archaeological Society of Alberta, Edmonton.

2003 Regarding the American Paleolithic. Canadian Journal of Archaeology 27(1): 62–73.

Yang, D. Y. 2003 Contamination Controls and Detection in Ancient DNA Studies. Acta Anthropologica Sinica 22: 163–173.

Yang, D. Y., A. Cannon and S. R. Saunders2004 DNA Species Identification of Archaeological Salmon Bone from the Pacific Northwest Coast of North America. Journal of Archaeological Science 31: 619–631.

Yang, D. Y., B. Eng and S. R. Saunders2003 Hypersensitive PCR, Ancient Human mtDNA and Contamination. Human Biology 75: 355–364.

Yang, D. Y., and K. Watt2005 Contamination Controls when Preparing Archaeological Remains for Ancient DNA Analysis. Journal of Archaeological Science, Published online Dec. 9, 2004.

Yang, D. Y., J. R. Woiderski and J.C. Driver2004 DNA Analysis of Archaeological Lagomorph Remains from the American Southwest. Journal of Archaeological Science (in press).

Documents

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