Bienvenue à Glouglou et Rhalala

5/13/2018 Bienvenue à Glouglou et Rhalala - slidepdf.com

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/bienvenue-a-glouglou-et-rhalala 1/523

http://quit/





Oncbycbsc

ê Mkasmkasct _f`k`k`

&As gaeecbt gasrnr cb wnkcbgc wsr k`zanbtc dcw zncdw+ cb e`rgf`bt wsr dcwznpscw ct dcw ŗsiw+ wasw kcw gr`gf`tw+ kcw lctw dc d„srnbc ct kcw zralcgtnabw dci`bmc+ `s z`~w dcw _`wg`wwcw ct dcwGaroc`sv+ dcw Wasgf`rdw ct dcw Zanyratw.



Nbntn`kcecbt zsoknî cb @yrnk ?:00 &ycrwnab waee`nrc.+d`bw kc rcgscnk dc basyckkcw wsrrî`knwtcw ¨ V¿5%3 ¸"

_cys zasr k` zrîwcbtc îdntnab0"Cdntnabw dc k„C`s _îm`kc ® E`rw ?:0?

NWOB < >=6%?%>04==9%:3%>

0 Zrîgîdceecbt zsoknî cb Iîyrncr ?:0?+ `y`bt rîynwnab ct garrcg%tnab+ zsnwps„nk cb cwt psn iabt `ycg kcw îgrntw psn b„abt z`w cbgarcîtî zsoknîw gc ps„nkw iabt `ycg kcw e`pscttcw dc gf`bwabw as kcwinkew cb ycrwnab zrî%wartncw…&Kcsr cvzkant z`wwc z`r gc zragîdî+ psn cwt bn gcksn dc k` zcbwîc bngcksn dc k` grî`tnyntî"G„cwt kc mcbrc dc t~zcw psn wabt zrcwwîw dc rctrasycr kcsr mab%

|cwwc zasr k` ¨ iasrrcr ¸ w`bw zksw `ttcbdrc… e`nw tranw enbstcw`zræw+ g„cwt tcrenbî".



0

cwdècw ct ecwwncsrw kcw Gf`bgnw+ lc bc yasw

wasf`ntc z`w k` oncbycbsc+ g`r yasw ìtcw ycbswcb Ir`bgc w`bw psc k„ab w`gfc yr`necbt zasrpsn+ zasr psan+ e`nw gck` ` îtî dnt ct rcdnt+ e`rtckî+tabbî+ zraz`mî+ `bgrî d`bw kcw cwzrntw eastabbncrw‗ z`r gcsv psn wc zrcbbcbt tckkcecbt zasr dcw ksenærcwdnynbcw ps„nkw bc zcsycbt yanr psc ds mîbnc d`bw kcsrzraz`m`bdc+ kcsr zakntnpsc+ kcsr ndîakamnc+ kcsr gaezkat+oncb psc k` e`tîrn`knw`tnab dc gc psn wart dc kcsr oas%gfc rcwwceokc oncb d`y`bt`mc ê dc k` ecrdc psn ecttast kc eabdc d`bw k` ecrdc ‗ < yasw ìtcw kc gf`bgn dck` Ir`bgc" Yasw ìtcw kê ct nk z`r`nt psc yasw dcyc| ~rcwtcr ct yasw ~ dîesktnzkncr+ eìec wn g„cwt cb gr`%gf`bt yatrc eîzrnw ct yatrc f`nbc dc k` Ir`bgc+ cb psn

yasw bc ya~c| z`rianw ps„sbc iceec i`gnkc ê òswcr+ps`bd yasw b„cb i`ntcw z`w+ gaeec kcw Ir`bí`nw+ sbcy`gfc ê k`nt+ sbc iceckkc gfncbbc as trsnc+ `ycg wcwesktnzkcw tîtabw 8 g`r nk z`r`nt psc g„cwt yasw psn `yc|kc wcbw mîbîrcsv dc k„fawznt`kntî+ ît`bt dabbî psc yaswaiirc| sb tfî ê k` ecbtfc `sv ynwntcsrw dc z`ww`mc"

Yasw ìtcw kc gf`bgn dc k` Ir`bgc 8 as zkstôt dcw cbtrc%zrnwcw ir`bí`nwcw gatîcw cb Oasrwc ct mîrîcw z`r sb`gtnabb`rn`t dc yncsv @eîrng`nbw+ cbtrc `strcw cbtrc%zrnwcw psn cb wabt rîdsntcw ê bc zasyanr zksw i`nrc dsmr`w+ as wnezkcecbt wsrynyrc+ ps„`ycg yaw z`~w d„arn%mnbc+ kcwpsckw bc danycbt z`w waeorcr d`bw k„nwkènwec+

e`nw d`bw kc gabwseîrnwec+ wn gc b„cwt d`bw k„nwkènwec

E



?

gabwseîrnwtc+ gc psc k„ab cwzærc mîrcr cb yasw dabb`btds zasyanr d„`gf`t z`r neenmr`tnab nbtcrzawîc?" Gczcb%

d`bt+ zasr rîswwnr yatrc nbtîmr`tnab cb Ir`bgc r`bgc+yasw dcyrc| zrasycr psc yasw ìtcw kc gf`bgn dc kÌr`bgc 8 g`r cb Ir`bgc+ gaeec d`bw tasw kcw ganbwzrnentniw dcw b`tnabw+ kcw `bne`sv dc o`wwc%gasr bczcsycbt wszzartcr dc gôta~cr dcw `bne`sv psn bc kcsrrcwwceokcbt z`w+ cb tasw zanbtw 8 gck` kcw ect e`k êk„`nwc+ gck` kcw rcbd e`k`dcw &nkw abt ocwanb dc ynyrcd`bw sb Z`k`nw dcw mk`gcw `sv enranrw `y`bt`mcswcecbtdîiare`btw 8 yasw ìtcw dcw zankw ê mr`ttcr ct yaswdcyc| yasw tr`bwiarecr cb orawwcw ê rcksnrc." Eìecw„nk yasw dîmaøtc dc kcsr rcwwceokcr+ yasw dcyc|`zzrcbdrc ê i`nrc wceok`bt 8 ct lc bc zcbwc z`w psck„f~zagrnwnc want cvgkswnycecbt ir`bí`nwc+ yasw k` zr`%

tnpsc| w`bw dastc wasw yaw k`tntsdcw ‗ t`bt nk cwt zcszraoòkc psc yasw wa~c| rîckkcecbt ct e`wwnycecbtdcw z`wwnabbîw dc k` rcknmnab iart dastcswc nezawîc

? Yasw ìtcw dcw m`mcw d„èntnî dabbîw ê yaw z`~w òswîw z`r kcwzsnww`bgcw aggndcbt`kcw 8 gaeec kc o`nwcr masks psc kc wadaentc

`ggardc ê k` iceec ps„nk wadaenwc+ zasr dîtasrbcr wab `ttcbtnabct `nbwn ksn i`nrc `y`kcr k` mrawwc mîkskc ‗ ê k` i`íab dcwgnrgabgnwcsrw ‗" Yasw ìtcw dcw znabw+ tasr ê tasr dcw rcknmna%i`wgnwtcw+dcw gaezkatcsrw mîbagnd`nrcw+ dcw inb`bgncrw nbtcrb`tnab`sv+ dcwwòatcsrw nbtcrbcw ê k` Ir`bgc+ ct `strcw e`rmasknbw gfcrgf`bte`bnicwtcecbt ê rcgrîcr cb Ir`bgc k` wnts`tnab `y`bt`mcswc zasrcsv ps„nkw `y`ncbt ws nbwt`srcr cb @irnpsc ds Bard" Csv cbg`nwwcbt+

e`nw gcsv psn z`ncbt wabt kcw zazsk`tnabw psn danycbt gaezawcr `ycgyasw"



7

z`r kcw eìncsv cwzrntw dîeabn`pscw `yndcw dc zasyanr+`ycg k„`ndc dc kcsrw ocwtn`sv mraw or`w w`bmsnb`nrcw ‗+

dabg+ wa~c| b`tsrckw+ gabtnbsc| ê ìtrc f~zagrntcwgaeec yasw `yc| w`bw dastc dîlê k„fòntsdc dc k„ìtrc+`ycg as w`bw kc wasrnrc b`rpsanw psn cwt gcksn dcwWasgfcw ê yatrc îm`rd+ ct ps„nkw ndcbtnincbt gaeecgcksn dcw iasrocw ps„nkw wabt csv%eìecw" Gc bc wcr`z`w gfawc `nwîc 8 g`r k` eantnî dcw Ir`bí`nw zcbwcbtpsc yasw darec| d`bw sbc gfcenbîc+ wswzcbdsw z`r kcwzncdw+ gaeec kcw yèznrcw7"Zasr z`rycbnr ê rîswwnr k` dsrc îzrcsyc psn yasw`ttcbd+ nk ~ ` dcsv gfawcw cwwcbtnckkcw psc yasw dcyc|w`yanr"

Yasw dcyc| tast d„òard gabb`âtrc ps`trc eatw+ psnwabt kcw znkncrw ds gar`b fcv`mab`k 8 ct psc yasw dcyc|rîzîtcr gabtnbsckkcecbt+ e`gfnb`kcecbt gaeec sbe`btr` dcwtnbî ê gf`wwcr kcw e`sy`nw cwzrntw dcw

zctntw r`gnwtcw dc o`wc ct `strcw zrnentniw `~`bt

7 Wn csv%eìecw b„`y`ncbt z`w k` gsktsrc gsknb`nrc dc k`gf`rgstcrnc ct dcw ò`tw+ nkw zcbwcr`ncbt `ycg dîmaøt psc yaswyasw basrrnwwc| d„ò`tw ct psc yasw osyc| ds w`bm" @karw+ ê dîi`stdc zasyanr yasw dîbnmrcr wsr gc tcrr`nb kê+ nkw rcm`rdcbt gc psn+ dc

yasw+ cwt dniiîrcbt+ zasr yasw dîbnmrcr w`bw wc dîbnmrcr cb eìectcezw"



4

wsryîgs ê k` zrîfnwtanrc `nbwn ps„`sv rîyakstnabw ir`b%í`nwcw &rîzstîcw gnynknw`trngcw. < k` ontc+ kcw gasnkkcw+ k`

gf`ttc+ k„`bsw"Gcw eatw wabt dcw eatw dc z`wwc+ dcw wîwècw+ kcwo`wcw `|atîcw dc k„@DB ir`bí`nw 8 psn y`kcbt zksw ps„sbtntrc dc wîlasr as sbc g`rtc d„ndcbtntî" Kcw g`bdnd`tw êk„neenmr`tnab cb Ir`bgc danycbt dabg ciicgtscr dcwcvcrgngcw dc dngtnab `ycg kcw ps`trc eatw gabwtnts`btkc yagòsk`nrc dcw Ir`bí`nw dc o`w ît`mc+ psn wc zawcbtcb das`bncrw dc k` Ir`bgc+ cb m`rdncbw dcw tr`dntnabwir`bí`nwcw+ cb eadækcw cvcezk`nrcw ds gnta~cb ir`b%í`nw îeîrntc" Asoknc| kcw ynrck`bmscw ê k„`bgncbbc &¨ kcwgf`swwcttcw dc k„`rgfn%dsgfcwwc wabt%ckkcw wægfcw as`rgfn%wægfcw ¸.+ kc bnyc`s ds k`bm`mc gasr`bt ` îtîmîbîrcswcecbt ò`nwwî 8 `s bnyc`s dcw trasw dc gsk ct

dcw g`bnyc`sv gakzart`bt k` Ir`bgc ecrdcswc+ znw%wcswc+ o`ycswc+ nr`wgnokc+ irswtrîc+ zcrwnikcswc+ l`kas%wc ct rïkcswc" Dîware`nw+ cvcrgc|%yasw ê zrababgcr+`ycg k` zksw mr`bdc yîkagntî < ¨ K` ontc kcw gasnkkcw k`gf`ttc k„`bsw ¸ 8 `ycg+ dc zrîiîrcbgc+ sbc r`w`dcd„`kgaak zsr d`bw k` oasgfc+ sb ycrrc dc z`wtnw d`bw k`

e`nb+ ct sbc oastcnkkc dc ynb wsr k` tìtc" Zasr nbtîmrcrk` Ir`bgc d„cb o`w &g`r g„cwt z`r kc o`w psc yasw ìtcwcbtrîw cb Ir`bgc+ ct g„cwt cb o`w psc kabmtcezw yaswrcwtcrc|.+ yasw dcyc| `zzrcbdrc ê dîm`nbcr ¨ k` ontckcw gasnkkcw k` gf`ttc k„`bsw ¸ zksw yntc psc yatrcaeorc" Ct b„asoknc| z`w ! Psatndncbbcecbt yasw dcyrc|

cb i`nrc sw`mc 8 bc wartc| dabg lè`nw w`bw k„`ndc%



3

eîeanrc psc lc wsnw cb tr`nb dc yasw rcecttrc+ yatrcwsrync zcst cb dîzcbdrc" Z`r cvcezkc+ wn yasw taeoc|

o`w wsr kc tcrrntanrc d„sb bîa%eìnawa garwc ‗ psn bczcst z`w ¨ ok`nrcr ¸ kcw mcbw dc yatrc cwzægc+ ps„nktakærc sbnpscecbt w„nkw oanycbt dc k„`kgaak `ycg ksn ‗+wartc| yntc yatrc eîea ct zrababgc| dc tastc srmcbgckcw ps`trc eatw psn w`sycbt cb tcrrc `kgaaknpsc" Ne`%mnbc|%yasw i`gc ê sb yèznrc < or`bdnwwc| sbc maswwcd„`nk" Bc tîkîzfabc| z`w ê k` zakngc+ bc grnc| z`w `sr`gnwec d`bw sb eîm`zfabc… nblcgtc| wnezkcecbt kcy`ggnb gaeonbî d`bw kcw icwwcw dc yatrc cbbcen lsrî 8í` kc dîtcbdr` cb kc i`nw`bt wasrnrc+ g`r gcw eatw wabtgaeec kc eat ¨ Dncs ¸… nkw `mnwwcbt wsr kcw cwzrntwzrnentniw gaeec sbc dramsc `z`nw`btc ct cszfarnw`btc"Bc gfcrgfc| wsrtast z`w ê ìtrc arnmnb`sv cb rcgaeon%

b`bt kcw eatw gaeec kcw o`wcw dc k„@DB" Kc Ir`bí`nwdc o`wc bc wc rcgaeonbc z`w" Nk cwt nby`rnòkcecbtgadî dc k` eìec i`íab" Nk b„`nec z`w k„arnmnb`kntî"¨ Gaeec basw ¸ cwt wab grcda" G„cwt k` wcskc gfawcps„nk ` yakabtncrw cb gaeesb `ycg kcw `strcw zazsk`%tnabw+ psn rîzætcbt tastcw+ gaeec ckkcw rcwznrcbt+ dcw

¨ gaeec basw ¸ 8 g„cwt kcsr @yc E`rn` dc z`ácbw+ gc psnrcwtc dc kcsr `bne`kc gsktsrc zrnentnyc `bgcwtr`kc+`btîrncsrc ê kcsr gabycrwnab iargîc `sv rcknmnabw onokn%pscw+ psn kcsr iabt e`reabbcr oncb d„`strcw ¨ gaeecbasw ¸" Cb wabd`bt kcsr iar nbtîrncsr+ ab zcst d„`nkkcsrwkcw cbtcbdrc dnrc < ¨ Psc basw wa~abw kcw ecnkkcsrw as

psc basw wa~abw kcw znrcw+ basw yaskabw sbc wcskc ct



9

eìec gfawc < psc tasw gcsv psn basw gôtancbt wancbt…gaeec basw" Oìììììì" ¸ Ab zcst eìec cbtcbdrc k„îgfa

dc k` wasrdc+ aowgsrc ct irandc g`yntî psn kcwgabwtntsc+ kc rîzîtcr cb kc i`nw`bt rcoabdnr w`bw inb <¨ GAEEC BASW+ GAEEC basw+ gaeec basw…GAEEC BASW+ GAEEC basw+ gaeec basw…GAEECBASW+ GAEEC basw+ gaeec basw" ¸ _îzîtc| dabg cbgfŗsr <

K` ontc kcw gasnkkcw k` gf`ttc k„`bsw k` ontc kcw gasnkkcw k` gf`ttc k„`bsw k` ontc kcw gasnkkcw k` gf`ttc k„`bsw k` ontc kcw gasnkkcw k` gf`ttc

k„`bsw k` ontc kcw gasnkkcw k` gf`ttc k„`bsw k` ontc kcw gasnkkcw k` gf`ttc k„`bsw k` ontc kcw gasnkkcw k` gf`ttc k„`bsw k` ontc kcw gasnkkcw k`

gf`ttc k„`bsw k` ontc kcw gasnkkcw k` gf`ttc k„`bsw…

Kc eîea psc lc yasw `n dnwtrnosî cwt îgrnt cb mraw+gaeec kcw mraw eatw psn wabt kcw mr`bdw eatw dc k„ìtrczrnentni" K@ ONT%TC+ KCW GASNK%KCW+ K@ GF@T%TC+

K„@BSW%WC" Yasw yasw cbtr`âbcrc| gfc| yasw+ `ycgyatrc z`rtcb`nrc 8 as yatrc zaszîc mabikòkc ct `strczaszîc wcvsckkc cb wnkngabc &e`nw gckkc%kê+ wn yasw `yc|kcw ea~cbw dc yasw k` z`~cr+ yasw `yc| kcw ea~cbw dcyasw z`~cr sbc iceec cb yr`nc."Tast gck` yasw z`r`nt w`bw dastc îtr`bmc+ dîrast`bt+

ct eìec dîecbt" G„cwt `nbwn" Nk ~ ` kcw `knîbîw ds wcvc



=

gaeec nk ~ ` kcw `knîbîw dcw rcknmnabw < nkw rèæbcbttast ê gc psn kcw `knæbc ct nkw nbtcrzrætcbt tast ê

tr`ycrw k` karmbcttc dc kcsr `knîb`tnab" Zasr csv+ nk ~ `sbc wcskc i`íab dc rcm`rdcr k` iceec gaeec nk ~ ` sbcwcskc i`íab d„òardcr k` dnynbntî < k` kcsr4"Wn yasw îzrasyc| kc wcbtnecbt d„ìtrc ceornm`dîw d`bwsbc wcgtc d„aowîdîw wcvsckw+ yasw i`ntcw i`swwcrastc 8 e`nw z`w yr`necbt" G„cwt zksw wnezkc psc gck` <wn yasw+ yasw bc z`rkc| z`w dc wcvc cb zsokng z`rgc pscyasw kc estnkc| cb `ttcbd`bt dc zrcbdrc ¨ yatrc zncd ¸`s z`r`dnw dcw yncrmcw ct dcw cii`rasgfîcw+ kcw Ir`b%í`nw+ csv+ z`rkcbt oc`sgasz dc wcvc cb zsokng z`rgcpsc kcsrw r`zzartw wcvsckw wabt dc gasrtc dsrîc" Nkwgaezcbwcbt gaeec nkw zcsycbt 8 zasr tcbtcr dc zra%kabmcr kc dîrnwanrc îzfîeærc+ kcw iceecw nbw`tnwi`ntcw

isecbt wcskcw `s knt `zræw w„ìtrc i`nt ¨ tnrcr ¸ ‗ k`zc`s dc k` yskyc ct ds y`mnb ‗ zcbd`bt psc kcw faeecwwabt dîlê rfònkkîw+ cb tr`nb dc r`gabtcr kcsr cvzkantwcvsck &kcw danmtw ps„nkw abt nbtradsntw+ k„adcsr psn w„cbcwt dîm`mîc+ kc lsw psn ` dîmasknbî…. cb osy`bt sb gasz`ycg kcsrw gaz`nbw dc onwtrat+ træw w`tnwi`ntw" Gct

ît`k`mc inmsr`tni cwt sb rntsck nezawî z`r kcw dcwgcb%d`btw dc Gra%E`mbab &sb tcwt dc ynrnkntî 8 îpsny`kcbt êsb tcwt dc ynrmnbntî zasr kcw inkkcw+ psn danycbt îyntcr

4 Gckkc dcw zrîd`tcsrw psn wc lcttcbt wsr k` zranc+ gckkcw dcwcbi`btw psn wc y`strcbt d`bw kc mrnab e`tcrbck+ gckkc ds iîtngfnwtc

îmaáwtc psn w„`gg`z`rc kcw gfawcw zasr kcw gakkcgtnabbcr" Nk b„~ ``sgsbc gabtcezk`tnab+ `sgsb r`zzart iswnabbck+ `sgsbc îkîy`tnab"



6

dc i`nrc ît`k`mc dc kcsr gabgsznwgcbgc.+ psn ycskcbtw„`wwsrcr psc kcsr cbtasr`mc zcrzîtsc kcsr Ardrc

zf`kkagr`tc ‗ wasw zcnbc dc kcw f`rgckcr+ eapscr+ gf`%fstcr+ eakcwtcr ‗+ csv psn wabt gabtnbsckkcecbt d`bwsb r`zzart dc iargc ct dc daenb`tnab+ dc gabtrôkc dcwtcrrntanrcw &dcw o`rw. ct dcw arningcw &dcw yancwd„cbtrîc ct dc wartnc dcw tcrrntanrcw.3" Cb rî`kntî+ kcsrwcvs`kntî bc y` z`w oncb kanb 8 z`w zksw kanb psc kèngtnab as k` dîiîg`tnab < nkw wc grancbt tr`bwmrcwwniw`ycg dcw ¨ wsgc%ean w`kazc ¸+ ¨ yncbw%kê psc lc t„cb%gskc ¸+ nkw wc kc iabt granrc+ í` kcsr i`nt ds oncb" Í` kcsrzcrect d„asokncr kcw eastabw ps„nkw wabt ‗ gaeec dcwcwzægcw dc Ongatw ok`bgw ‗+ ct psn tasrbcbt rabd+ w`bwîyakstnab 8 gaeec yasw" @nbwn iabt kcw Ir`bí`nw dco`wc+ gaeec kcw gra~`btw dc o`wc < nkw wc iabt tast sb

gnbîe` zksw as eanbw cvzrcwwni+ ors~`bt+ gknbps`bt+

3 Nkw zrîtcbdcbt i`nrc k` kan+ e`nw nkw b„cb abt zksw kc zasyanr &gcksndcw eswgkcw ` îtî dîtrôbî 8 `karw nkw w„`ggragfcbt `s zctnt zasyanrkag`k ps„nkw abt wsr kcsr cbynrabbcecbt daecwtnpsc.+ wn oncb ps„sbCt`t wasgncsv dc w` gnynknw`tnab dcyr`nt gabinbcr gc mcbrc

d„nbdnyndsw zrîfnwtarnpscw d`bw dcw rîwcrycw dc w`sy`mcw"Ps`btntî dc Ir`bí`nw wc grancbt wcskw dnmbcw d„ìtrc Ir`bí`nw ctd„fòntcr k` Ir`bgc gnynknwîc+ `karw psc+ dc z`rt kcsr b`tsrc+ kcsrecbt`kntî+ kcsr ocwtn`kntî+ kcsr zk`gc cwt d`y`bt`mc d`bw kcw z`~wo`ro`rcw ps„nkw dîgrncbt t`bt" Gcrt`nbw îtr`bmcrw abt w`bw dastczksw kcsr zk`gc d`bw sb z`~w gnynknwî psc gcw îbcrmseæbcw`wwaniiîw ds w`bm dcw dîyn`btw+ dcw crr`btw+ dcw gf`re`btw+ dcw

cbi`btw+ dcw zcbw`btw… dc tasw gcsv psn bc wabt z`w gaeec csv+psn kcsr iabt dc k„aeorc+ psn bc kcsr wcrycbt z`w k` waszc"



>

zasr tcbtcr dc dabbcr ync ê gc ps„ab kcsr i`nt gabgc%yanr ecbt`kcecbt+ cb kc kcsr i`nw`bt zrcbdrc `s eat 8

zasr tcbtcr dc w„cbnyrcr `ycg kc zradsnt dc kcsr dnwtnk%k`tnab+ zasr tcbtcr dc zradsnrc k„nyrcwwc cwgaeztîc+ í`wc wsmmcwtnabbc+ í` wc zcrws`dc ct í` w„cbgasr`mc `ycgdcw ¨ lc kc wcbw+ zksw yntc+ zksw yntc ¸+ ¨ y`w%~+ cbgarc+cbgarc ¸+ ¨ af asn+ g„cwt oab+ lc lasnw+ eeefff+ lc lasnw ¸+ ¨ Dncs cwt kê+ lc kc yanw+ lc kc wcbw… lc kcwcbw ¸+ ¨ lc rcwwcbw… gaeec sbc îbcrmnc+ psn ectr`ycrwc ¸+ ¨ gcttc gf`kcsr+ gc zngatcecbt+ af asn+g„cwt í`+ g„cwt k` dnynbntî psn ec tasgfc… ckkc ec z`rkc… lc wsnw nkksenbî%c ¸… as k` e~tfae`bnc îrnmîc cbdamec"Wn yasw îzrasyc| dcw dniingsktîw ê yasw ecttrc d`bwk„ît`t d„cwzrnt zrnentni dc k` Ir`bgc `|atîc+ lc yasw

rcgaee`bdc dc ynwnabbcr dcw inkew zarbamr`zfnpscw 8gck` zcst yasw `ndcr" Yasw ycrrc| d`bw psan kcw Ir`b%í`nw r`t`tnbîw zsnwcbt kcsr nbwznr`tnab wcvsckkc"Yasw zasyc| îm`kcecbt yasw rîismncr d`bw k` k`bmscsbnycrwckkc 8 psn cwt `s k`bm`mc gc psc k„ar cwt `sveabb`ncw < kc Oììì" Wn yasw yasw fcsrtc| ê dcw esrw ê

g`swc dcw gadcw knbmsnwtnpscw+ garzarckw+ ycwtnecbt`n%rcw ct ecbt`sv+ psc gf`psc mraszc fse`nb dîyckazzczasr wc dnwtnbmscr dcw `strcw cb zr`tnps`bt k„cvgkswnabwagn`kc+ `ndc|%yasw ds Oììì" Tastcw kcw k`bmscw iabtz`rtnc dc gc k`bm`mc sbnycrwck 8 ~ gaezrnw k` k`bmscir`bí`nwc+ mîbîr`kcecbt zrîwcbtîc gaeec rngfc ct

ockkc+ gc psn zcrect `sv nbgsktcw gabw `stagftabcw dc



0:

r`nkkcr k` k`bmsc dcw gabw nbgsktcw cvatnpscw" B„`~c|dabg `sgsbc fabtc ê k„cezka~cr 8 g„cwt k` oasîc dc

wcgasrw enwc ê yatrc dnwzawntnab z`r kc dncs onoknpsckarwps„nk dnynw` kc k`bm`mc fse`nb arnmnbck cb dc esktn%zkcw k`bmscw dnwz`r`tcw" Kcw gabw+ nbgsktcw ct gsktnyîw+psn t`znwwcbt kc wak dc k` Ir`bgc ct ds eabdc+ wcrcgabb`nwwcbt `s wcsk eat psn gaezawc kcsr k`bmsc < kceat ¨ oììì ¸" Yasw w`yc| w`bw dastc dîlê z`rkcr kcOììì 8 ab ` dø yasw k„cbwcnmbcr dæw yaw zrcencrw z`w êk„îgakc+ wn yasw ~ ìtcw `kkîw+ ct eìec dæw yatrc ycbsc`s eabdc" E`nw kê+ lc… lc wsnw sb zcs zcrzkcvc+ z`rgcpsc lc yanw wsr yatrc ynw`mc `sgsbc e`bnicwt`tnabd„`gpsncwgcecbt &kc Oììì ` ir`zzî 1 nk yasw `kaoataenwî 1." Yasw `kkc| ec i`nrc dastcr…— W`yc|%yasw z`rkcr kc oììì 1

— Asn !— W@YC\%YASW Z@_KC_ KC OÌÌÌ !1— AS%N%N%N !— Oììì+ `karw yasw zasyc| yatcr 8 zrncr+ mraaycr+r`zzcr+ wesricr…Lc zk`nw`btc ! @ zcnbc…

Oab+ í` y` ! Lc r`zzckkc psc kc Oììì cwt sb k`bm`mco`wî wsr k` zcsr ct k` wasenwwnab" Zasr kc mîbîr`knwcr`s k`bm`mc wznrntsckkcecbt îyaksî dc k„cwzægc fse`nbc+yasw esktnzknc| z`r tranw k` dcrbnærc w~kkòc dcw eatw"@s kncs dc irîenr dcw ¨ mk`%mk`%mk` ¸+ yasw wg`bdc| <¨ Oab%ab%ab lasr%as%asr" ¸ Wn yasw `yc| sb zcs zcrds

dc gc k`bm`mc z`rgc psc yasw bc rcm`rdc| zksw k`



00

tîkîynwnab zasr bc zksw cbtcbdrc kcw wcreabw dcwgaeesb`st`rnwtcw zakngncrw dc k` zcbwîc psn wîynwwcbt

d`bw kcw eîdn`w dc e`wwc gaeec nkw k„abt i`nt cb SbnabWaynîtnpsc+ yasw zasyc| îgastcr Oììì%IE+ psn îectwsr = EngraF| &k` irîpscbgc ynor`tanrc dcw fse`nbwzrnentniw ct zrîfnwtarnpscw." Gcttc r`dna%tîkî gakzartcw~wtîe`tnpscecbt tastc k` zraz`m`bdc d„Ct`t 8 ct zasrg`swc+ ckkc ` îtî iabdîc z`r sb dc gcsv psn wabtdcrrnærc k` garrsztnab dcw b`tnabw ct kcsr wasenwwnab`s gaezkat eabdn`knwtc mîbagnd`nrc" @nbwn+ ps`bd d`bwk` rsc ckkc nbtcrramc dcw z`ww`btw `s wslct d„sbcy`ggnb`tnab dc e`wwc &psn w„`yærcr` argfcwtrîc z`r kcwnbdswtrnckw dc k` zf`re`gnc.+ îtr`bmcecbt kcw rîzabwcwwabt sb`bnecw < ¨ G„cwt træw oncb ¸+ ¨ tast kc eabdcdant wc i`nrc y`ggnbcr ¸+ ¨ g„cwt îyndcbt ¸+ ¨ g„cwt sbc

îyndcbgc ¸" Ckkc kcw nbtcrramc wsr k` zsokngntî d`bwk„cwz`gc zsokng zasr k` oasiic nwkènpsc < ¨ G„cwt træwoncb ¸+ ¨ g„cwt bare`k+ ¸ ¨ í` bc ec dîr`bmc z`w ¸" Ckkcnbtcrramc sb cezka~î dc osrc`s eswske`b wsr kcw zra%okæecw zawîw d`bw kcw cbtrczrnwcw z`r k` zr`tnpsceswske`bc ds lcøbc ct dcw zrnærcw psatndncbbcw < ¨ Gc

b„cwt z`w sb zraokæec ¸ ¨ g„cwt lswtc sbc pscwtnabd„arm`bnw`tnab ¸ &g`r nk i`st dnrc psc wsr kc tcrr`nb+ kcwab dc gkagfc cwt oncb dniiîrcbt." Orci+ wn basw b„`yc|z`w k„cwtae`g dîkng`t bn kc rîikcvc îeîtnpsc i`gnkc+yasw zasyc| yasw oasrrc| k` mscskc `ycg gc znta~òkcdîycrwanr ê o`knycrbcw+ gc mrawwncr cbtabbanr ê m`y`mc"



0?

Bc yasw ìiakc| z`w wn yasw bc rctcbc| z`w tast+ g`r abyasw icr` rîynwcr kc Oììì cb yasw iare`t`bt ecbt`kc%

ecbt `ycg kcw iare`tnabw ps`knin`btcw psc yasw dcyrc|nbdsontòkcecbt wsnyrc zasr icnbdrc dc yasw wartnr dck„`wwnwt`b`t ‗ d`bw kcpsck ¨ ab ¸ zkabmc wgnceecbt sbcz`rtnc dc k` zazsk`tnab ìnb dc i`nrc zcsr `sv w`k`rnîwct dc knentcr kcw rcycbdng`tnabw w`k`rn`kcw ‗ 8 dcw iar%e`tnabw psn iare`tcbt+ dntcw ¨ ps`knin`btcw ¸+ dnw%zcbwîcw `sv oîbîingn`nrcw &g`r b„asoknc| z`w gc pscyasw ìtcw < dcw oîbîingn`nrcw9. d`bw dcw Iòrnpscw êgabb`rdw… csf ! ziiii… zias%zias%zias… l„`n yaenk„`rrnærc%zcbwîc psc lc rsenb`nw dczsnw psckpsc tcezw…d`bw kcw îgakcw onw dc k„Cdsg`tnab b`tnab`kc" Kcw iare`%tcsrw rîzætcrabt kcw ardabb`bgcw enbnwtîrnckkcw psnicrabt dc gf`gsb dc yasw sb oab bae`dc trno`k+ `ycg

sb aw d`bw kc bc| ct sb zksec`s d`bw kc dcrrnærc+ pscyasw dcyrc| `mntcr zasr dîeabtrcr yatrc cezka~ònkntî

9 B„asoknc| z`w ê psn yasw dcyc| dc k„ìtrc+ karw dcw zragf`nbcwîkcgtnabw &g`r oncbtôt+ w`bw eìec ìtrc Ir`bí`nw+ yasw zasrrc|yatcr+ yanrc ìtrc îksw.+ b„asoknc| z`w d„ìtrc rcdcyòkcw ê yaw

e`âtrcw psn rcezknwwcbt yatrc mèckkc+ b„asoknc| z`w ê psn yaswdcyc| yasw wasecttrc" B„asoknc| z`w bab zksw psc k„ab w`ntdnwtr`nrc kcw oîbîingn`nrcw d`bw gcrt`nbw gcbtrcw+ g`r tast gc ps„nki`st zasr tcbnr k` zazsk`gc+ g„cwt ds z`nb ct dcw lcsv+ ct dcwgcbtrcw `îrîw" Ct d`bw gcrt`nbcw ynkkcw aþ tast w„`gfætc+ oncb zkswpsc z`rtast `nkkcsrw+ ab w`nt gaeecbt ab `gfætc k` zazsk`gc < `ycgdcw `ndcw wagn`kcw ct dc k` dnwtr`gtnab" Ckkc b„awcr` z`w rnwpscr dc

z`wwcr zasr sbc nbmr`tc cb aw`bt cbgarc wc zk`nbdrc ds rîmneczakntnpsc b`tnab`k as rîmnab`k"



07

g`bbno`kc ct yatrc wasenwwnab zst`wwnærc ê k„ardrcîtòkn" Gaeec ê k„îgakc+ ab y` yasw rî%`zzrcbdrc kcw

ræmkcw dc k` eastabbcrnc gabgsrrcbtnckkc+ wasycbte`psnkkîcw cb ¨ ræmkcw ‗ f~zagrntcw ‗ ds w`yanr ynyrccbwceokc ¸ d`bw sb eabdc oasnkkò`nwwc aþ rncb bcyasw dabbc cbync dc ¨ ynyrc cbwceokc ¸" K„f~zagrnwnc ctkc Oììì yabt dc z`nr" Yasw ycrrc| tast gck` d`bw sbgcbtrc dc gabdntnabbcecbt"

Zasr yasw+ tast gaeecbgcr` z`r sb `tckncr ¨ `ggaez`%mbcecbt `s zralct ¸ &dcw zw~gfakamscw d„sb arm`bnweczrnyî wabt gf`rmîcw dc ycnkkcr ê gc psc yasw yasw `gtn%ync| zasr `kkîmcr kcw wt`tnwtnpscw ds gfôe`mc 8 ckkcw bcyasw eïgfcbt z`w kc tr`y`nk dc rcgfcrgfc+ ct bc yaswarncbtcbt z`w d`y`bt`mc ‗ ct wsrtast z`w gaeec kcwmasrasw d„sbc wcgtc ‗+ ckkcw yasw cbg`drcbt+ gaeecdcw wsrycnkk`btcw+ ct+ `ycg dcw astnkw zw~gfatcgfbn%pscw+ `ndcbt gcsv psn bc w`ycbt z`w ‗ as zksw ‗ psn nkwwabt ct aþ nkw ‗ cb ‗ wabt+ ê drcwwcr kcsr zartr`nt

zw~gfakamnpsc+ zasr kcsr zcrecttrc dc dîgndcr z`rpsckkc zartc nkw wartnrabt dc k„@mcbgc b`tnab`kc zasrk„cezkan=."

= Gc zartr`nt y`st gc psc y`kcbt kcw zartr`ntw `wtrakamnpscw mr`bdzsokng" Gck` y`st zcst%ìtrc encsv psc rncb ps`bd ab w`nt+ dc wan+

rncb dc rncb+ e`nw w„cb tcbnr ê gc zartr`nt wcr`nt wc knentcr êpsckps„sb d„`strc psc wan"



04

&Wn+ psnb|c `bw `sz`r`y`bt+ yasw `ync| `gfctî sb knyrcîgrnt z`r sbc zraicwwnabbckkc dc k„arncbt`tnab+ wzîgn`kc%

ecbt dcwtnbî ê rî`knwcr+ gfc| wan+ sb tck tr`y`nk d„`sta%`b`k~wc ct d„`sta%arncbt`tnab+ îyntc| d„asyrnr dcy`bttast kc eabdc k` zagfcttc psn kc gabtncbt+ g`r gck`zasrr`nt+ gaeec z`r f`w`rd ! nbtcrzckkcr sbc zw~gfaka%msc psn dnr`nt < ¨ @f bab+ z`rgc psc ab… Xcb ` sb gaeecí` ngnU ¸ 8 cb rcm`rd`bt ct cb eabtr`bt ds danmtk„cbdrant aþ nk cwt gcbwî wc trasycr" Waszíabbîw dck„`yanr yakî+ yasw wcrc|" Dc e`bnærc mîbîr`kc+ b„`zzar%tc| rncb dc gfc| yasw cb cbtrczrnwc+ wsrtast w„nk w„`mntd„sb zctnt astnk stnknwî z`r dcw zraw" Gck` zasrr`ntwcecr kc dastc wsr w` zraycb`bgc" Z`rtast aþ yasw`kkc|+ yasw wcrc| zatcbtnckkcecbt waszíabbîw 8 dc tr`%ingw dnycrw+ dc yak+ dc ir`sdc+ dc i`sv ct sw`mc dc

i`sv+ dc i`kwning`tnab+ dc i`swwc dîgk`r`tnab" Ct eìecwn yasw i`ntcw gaeec kcw Ir`bí`nw+ ycb`bt dc yasw+ gck`zrcbdr` sbc `strc tasrbsrc+ wg`bd`kcswc+ rîyakt`btc+aowîd`btc".Yasw dcyrc| dabg ciicgtscr dc dîrnwanrcw ¨ wt`mcwdîgasycrtc cb cbtrczrnwc ¸+ w`gf`bt psc yasw bc zas%

yc| rîckkcecbt gabb`âtrc kcw gfawcw `y`bt dc kcw `yanrzksw as eanbw kabmscecbt ct nbtnececbt zr`tnpsîcw 8 wntck b„ît`nt z`w kc g`w+ tast kc eabdc w`sr`nt gc psn wcz`wwc z`rtast d`bw kc eabdc+ wn oncb ps„nk b„~ `sr`ntzksw dc wcgrctw zasr zcrwabbc+ zksw d„f~zagrnwnc+ zkswdc ecbwabmcw zawwnokcw &ps`bd kcw mcbw wabt `wwc|

nezknpsîw zasr cb w`yanr `wwc|+ nkw bc zcsycbt zksw



03

z`rkcr w`bw wc wsngndcr d„sbc e`bnærc as d„sbc `strc."Sbc neecrwnab dc dcsv as gnbp lasrw b„cwt z`w sbc

neecrwnab+ e`nw sb wnesk`grc zasr w`tnwi`nrc sbc iar%e`kntî tcgfbagr`tnpsc+ sbc dîe`rgfc zasr k` iarec" Wnyasw bc gabb`nwwc| zcrwabbc zasr yr`necbt yasw îgk`n%rcr+ gaeec kc iabt bare`kcecbt+ `ycg kcsrw cbi`btw+kcw z`rcbtw dnmbcw dc gc bae+ zcrwabbc bc yaswrîyækcr` psan psc gc want dc zcrtnbcbt dsr`bt gc k`zwdc tcezw 8 gf`gsb `ggaezknr` wab dcyanr+ ear`k askîm`k+ w`bw zksw"Wsny`bt yatrc arnmnbc+ yasw zasrrc| bî`beanbw i`nrcdcw cvzîrncbgcw dabt yasw zasrrc| tnrcr dcw kcíabw"Z`r cvcezkc+ yasw yasw dcwtnbc| ê sb eîtncr d„cezka~î+ct yasw `yc| dc wsrgraât dcw dnwzawntnabw psn k`nwwcbtzcbwcr psc yasw zasrrnc| îm`kcecbt `ggaezknr dcw

tïgfcw dc wcgrît`nrc" Sb `wwagnî dc k„`mcbgc psc yaswynwntc| k`nwwc asycrtcecbt cbtcbdrc k„ndîc psn ksn cwtycbsc ê k„cwzrnt+ cwzîr`bt psc gck` dabbcr` kncs ê dcwîgf`bmcw grntnpscw psn zasrr`ncbt òastnr ê sbc dîgn%wnab 8 dcsv as tranw zasr kc zrnv d„sb+ g„cwt taslasrwoab ê zrcbdrc+ tast kc eabdc `nec kcw wakdcw ct kcw

katw ê o`w zrnv+ zasrys psc k` ps`kntî bc want z`w traze`sy`nwc" Psc icr` k„`bgncbbc wcgrît`nrc d„ïmc eør 1gckkskntnpsc ê wasf`nt+ psn w`nt e`bnicwtcecbt ìtrc sbcw`kazc+ cb tcezw yasks wn gc b„cwt ê tcezw gaezkct" Ckkcg`gfcr` kc wt~kct dc k` zfatagazncswc ct kc tîkîzfabcw`bw ink &wn gc b„cwt z`w ckkc+ g„cwt psn 1.+ zsnw w„cvgk`%

ecr` < ¨ Aþ cwt z`wwî kc wt~kct 1 ¸ ¨ Psn ` yakî kc tîkî%



09

zfabc !1 ¸ Cb k`nww`bt cbtcbdrc+ oncb îyndcecbt+ pscyasw zasrrnc| ìtrc gcsv &dcw yakcsrw gaezskwniw tckkc%

ecbt hkcztae`bcw ps„nkw yakcbt sb tîkîzfabc nbstnknw`%okc w`bw wab wszzart+ ct sb wt~kct cb zk`wtnpsc psn zcstîycbtsckkcecbt wcrynr ê wc mr`ttcr kcw iawwcw b`w`kcw.ê psn+ inb kcecbt+ ab bc zcst wc incr 8 z`w `wwc| cb tastg`w zasr kcsr gabincr dcw tïgfcw cb r`zzart `ycg kcwras`mcw dc k„`mcbgc"Ps`bd ab yasw waszíabbcr` d„`yanr yakî kc gf`rmcsr dco`ttcrnc d„sb astnkk`mc dc gf`btncr+ b„fîwntc| z`w êi`nrc k` zstc gaeec k` zstc psn `sr` e`kngncswcecbto`yî wsr yatrc daw < `ggswc| w`bw zrcsyc+ nk cb rcwtcr`taslasrw psckpsc gfawc+ gaeec sb dastc" @ggswc| kce`bŗsyrc e`rag`nb ‗ dc k` ianrcswc cbtrczrnwc dce`íabbcrnc psn zrcbd dcw E`mfrîonbw nkkcttrîw+ psn bc

w`ycbt z`w knrc kcw zk`bw+ psn iabt ê gabtrcgŗsr kceîtncr traz îzrasy`bt ps„nkw cvcrgcbt+ ct psn kc oïgkcbtcb i`nw`bt dc k` ¨ ecrdc ¸ ‗+ kc mr`bd E`rag`nb ‗ bab%gf`k`bt+ îyndcecbt ‗+ `ycg wcw ~csv dc inkas psnw„èswc nrabnpscecbt dc yasw w`yanr waszíabbî dc wcwiari`ntw+ ksn psn tr`âbc kê aþ nk bc dcyr`nt z`w+ zasr

gf`z`rdcr tast gc psn tr`âbc 8 ct psn ` w`bw dastc `swwnyakî kc tîkîzfabc zartòkc d„sb `zzrcbtn+ z`r kc eìeczragîdî+ ct sbc g`nwwc ê astnkw+ ct… ct"I`ntcw gaeec kcw Ir`bí`nw+ psn csv bc w„cbgaeorcbtz`w dc zrcsycw 8 g`r nkw zcbwcbt+ dabg nkw wabt wørw+zsnwps„nkw abt kc P"N" dc gcsv psn wabt bîw d`bw sb z`~w

dîyckazzî… csv psn dcyr`ncbt wc dnrc ps„ab zcst asyrnr



0=

w` oasgfc wn ab zcst `y`bgcr sbc zrcsyc dcy`bt sbtrnosb`k+ i`stc dc psan ab i`nt encsv dc k` icrecr"

E`nw csv bc wc dnwcbt z`w gck`" Nkw wc dnwcbt ps„nkw wabtkcw fîrntncrw dc Dcwg`rtcw 8 psc k` zksz`rt b„abt z`w ks+z`w ocwanb+ nkw k„abt d`bw kc w`bm" Nkw wc dnwcbt < ¨ Lczcbwc dabg lc wsnw" ¸ Gc psn wnmbninc < ¨ Lc dîdsnw+ dabgk` yîrntî w`bw i`nkkc cwt îtòknc" ¸ Nk e`bpsc gczcbd`btpsckpsc gfawc d`bw k` kamnpsc dc Dcwg`rtcw+ psn b„ît`nte`bnicwtcecbt z`w `rgfntcgtc+ z`rgc ps„nk ~ ` dcw mcbwpsn tr`y`nkkcbt d`bw kc OTZ+ e`nw psn zrîtcbdcbtw„aiiswpscr dcw e`kycrw`tnabw dc k` ync gasr`btc 8 nkwdcyr`ncbt wc i`nrc k` e`nb d`bw k` zrawtntstnab+ nkwwcr`ncbt eanbw gfapsîw" Ct dc wc dnrc < w`ycbt%nkw aþ nkwabt enw kcw zncdw 1Ps`bd sbc iceec psc yasw `zzrîgnc| yncbdr` yasw

trasycr &wsr wsmmcwtnab d„sbc gfascttc psn b„`sr``wwnwtî ps„ê sbc z`rtnc dcw i`ntw. z`rgc ps„ckkc `sr`zcrds sb onkkct dc 3: ir`bgw+ bc zrcbc| z`w wsr yaswzasr bc z`w ecttrc d`bw k„ceo`rr`w k` Kakattc ¨ dcwasgfc ¸ psn+ wn ckkc b„` z`w sbc tìtc dc knbattc+ ` cs dsiîenbnwec d`bw wab onocrab+ ct sbc tìtc dc gntrasnkkc

cb fîrnt`mc+ `ycg dc k` gszndntî dc zstc cb tìtc+ cbmsnwc dc oasmnc" Dntcw ê G`recb psc yasw `yc| trasyîct dabbî kc onkkct ê gckkc%kê eìec psn i`nt aiingc dczctnt gfci d„îpsnzc zasr ps„ckkc gfcrgfc k` zcrwabbcîtasrdnc 8 e`nw ps„ckkc ` enw kc onkkct d`bw w` zagfcwntôt psc yasw `ync| kc daw tasrbî"



06

Ps`bd ab yasw waszíabbcr` d„`yanr yakî sb esktneætrcd`bw sbc w`kkc dc gasrw+ kê cbgarc+ b„fîwntc| z`w ê gak%

zartcr k` rsecsr+ gaeec kc iabt kcw k`bmscw dc zstc <g„cwt kc Ir`bga%cwz`mbak psn k„` yakî"Ct ps`bd ab wc tasrbcr` ycrw yasw cb yasw waszíabb`btd„`yanr cww`~î dc yakcr sb zartcicsnkkc d`bw sbc zagfc+o`k`bgc| ! Dntcw psc kc yakcsr cwt kc Ir`bí`nw dcwasgfc+ irærc dc k` orsbc ê oasgkcttc tr`y`nkk`bt d`bwk` wszcrcttc kag`kc+ psn ` mknwwî w` e`nb dc yatrc gôtî"Zasr yasw cbtr`âbcr ê i`nrc k` zstc ds W~wtæec ocwtn`k+ê rcm`rdcr+ zcbwcr ct z`rkcr gaeec sbc zstc+ tr`âbc|d`bw kcw oardckw o`w dc mèec" Gck` yasw zcrecttr`dc rcwwceokcr `s rè`wwnw dc zstcw ‗ `ycg as w`bwzîbnw ‗ psn rcezknwwcbt k` wagnîtî cb tr`âb`bt d`bw kcwrscw oncb d`y`bt`mc psc kcw zrawtntsîcw+ ct tast

`st`bt d`bw kcw cbtrczrnwcw ct kcw kncsv dc dnwtr`gtnab"Gc mcbrc d„cvzîrncbgcw i`nt z`rtnc dcw ecwpsnbcrncw ctdcw zst`wwcrncw psn iabt+ kc wck dc k` ync zasr kcw sbw+ k`zasrrntsrc dc k„cvnwtcbgc zasr kcw `strcw" Ct zsnwps„abdant zasyanr i`nrc dc k„cwzrnt ct yanr gf`psc gfawc d„sboab gôtî+ ab zasrr` taslasrw dnrc psc wn yasw `nec|

¨ `kkcr `sv zstcw ¸+ yasw b„`src| eìec zksw ocwanbd„`kkcr kcw gfcrgfcr wsr kcw trattanrw+ g`r ckkcw yncb%drabt træw b`tsrckkcecbt yasw ¨ o`nwcr ¸ wsr zk`gc+ kêaþ yasw trasycrc| ds tr`y`nk" Wc i`nrc o`nwcr wsr wabkncs dc tr`y`nk cwt kc i`bt`wec dc gcrt`nbw+ psn zasrr`ntdcycbnr sbc rî`kntî zasr yasw"



0>

Encsv y`st wc i`nrc ¨ o`nwcr ¸ z`r sbc iceec psc z`rsb faeec+ ec dnrc|%yasw" Zcst%ìtrc eìec i`bt`wec|%

yasw wsr kcw Nt`kncbbcw as wsr kcw Cwz`mbakcw" Í` taeoconcb+ z`rgc psc d`bw k„`tckncr ¨ wartnr dcw wt`tw dck„cezkan ¸+ yasw wcrc| zcst%ìtrc gabirabtîw ê sbcIr`bga%nt`kncbbc psn+ dîgasyr`bt ê yatrc bae yatrcarnmnbc e`kièîc+ rcyncbdr` dc z`swc zasr rczrcbdrcw` zk`gc+ yasw dîynw`mcr `ycg cv`wzîr`tnab ct yaswcbya~cr `swwntôt ê k` inmsrc tast gc ps„ckkc bc zcst+w`bw ìtrc dîinmsrîc+ cbya~cr ê k` mscskc dc gcsv psn bcgfcrgfcbt z`w sb cezkan z`rgc ps„nkw abt nbtîmrî sbceìn`+ gcsv psn ksn zasrrnwwcbt k„cvnwtcbgc+ gcsv ps„ckkcyasdr`nt i`nrc dnwz`r`âtrc farw dc w` ysc ct dc w` ync <¨ Kcw @ròcw+ ~„cb ` e`rrc ! ^„` tast zasr csv !6 Nkwraskcbt `ycg dc ockkcw yantsrcw bcsycw" Basw ab ` dcw

yncnkkcw yantsrcw zasrrncw" Nkw ceecrdcbt tast kceabdc" Gc wabt kcw wcskw ê bc z`w w„nbtîmrcr" Kcw Zaka%b`nw+ kcw Cwz`mbakw+ kcw Nt`kncbw+ kcw Zartsm`nw… nkw wcwabt tasw nbtîmrîw" Kcw E`mfrîonbw wabt kcw wcskw psnbc ycskcbt z`w w„nbtîmrcr"> ¸ Ct ps`bd yasw ksn cvzknpsc% 6 Ckkc `sr` dce`bdî gc ps„nkw i`nw`ncbt kê+ ¨ csv ¸+ kcw E`mfrîonbw&z`rgc psc k` Ir`bgc z`nc `swwn dcw iare`tnabw `sv îtr`bmcrw w`bwcezkan ct w`bw ps`kning`tnab.+ gc ê psan sbc dcw zw~gfakamscw+ sbcIr`bga%nt`kncbbc+ ksn `sr` w`bw dastc rîzabds < ¨ Nkw wabt zrnarnt`nrcw ‗wsr kc e`rgfî dc k„cezkan+ ct zcst%ìtrc eìec wsr gcksn ds kamcecbtct dcw `ndcw wagn`kcw ‗ ¸"> Kcw zakntnpscw ct kcsrw eîdn`w `wwagnîw+ psn `necbt cvfnocr dcw

eadækcw ê wsnyrc z`r kcw traszc`sv+ ê dîi`st dc w`yanr mîrcr `strcgfawc psc dcw traszc`sv dc eastabw ct dcw ît`kw dc g`rzcttcw+ nkw



?:

rc| psc+ w„nk ~ ` ciicgtnycecbt `ycg kcw Nwkènwtcw dcmr`ynwwnecw zraokæecw dc iabd+ gaeec `ycg kcw

E`mfrîonbw psn wc wabt gabwtntsîw cb eìn`w cb zrc%b`bt eadækc wsr kcw eìn`w nt`kncbbcw ct wsr kcsrrczrîwcbt`tnab fakk~}aadncbbc+ tasw bc wabt z`w dc gct`gònt… k` Ir`bga%nt`kncbbc psc yasw `src| dîwtònknwîcwc rcdrcwwcr` wsr wcw crmatw dc zaskc ê easwt`gfc+zasr rczrcbdrc dc zksw ockkc+ cb nkkswtr`bt k` z`rakc`ycg kc mcwtc < ¨ Ean lc kcw zrcbdr`nw tasw ê gaszw dciswnk" ¸&Ckkc `sr`nt `swwn zs dnrc ¨ taslasrw kcw eìecw ¸+ z`rgcpsc dcw E`mfrîonbw `srabt+ sbc ianw cbgarc+ îtînezknpsîw d`bw sb trìng dc dramscw" E`nw `karw+ ckkc`sr`nt dø cbtcbdrc ¨ taslasrw kcw eìecw ¸+ z`rgc psc+

dnrabt &zasr wc dîgf`rmcr dc tastc rcwzabwònkntî+ zasr wc dîicbdrcdc tastc `ggsw`tnab d„nbgaezîtcbgc+ dc kïgfctî as cbgarc dcgarrsztnab. < ¨ Nk ~ cb ` psn abt ws trasycr kcsr zk`gc d`bw k` wagnîtîir`bí`nwc" ¸ &Wn yasw ìtcw `s gfôe`mc+ zrawtntsc|%yasw as dcycbc|eìncsv" Nk ~ cb ` psn ~ z`ryncbbcbt" @karw zasrpsan z`w yasw 1Pscwtnab dc ‗ oabbc ‗ yakabtî".Nk ~ cb `+ g„cwt yr`n+ psn w`ycbt i`nrc kcw zstcw ct kcw oìtcw" Kcw oìtcw+

kcw ecrdcw ir`bí`nwcw bc kcsr gfcrgfcbt z`w dcw zasv" Ct dcw zstcw+ckkc cb dnwcbt < ¨ Oab+ í` y` ê zcs zræw+ ckkcw wabt ê zcs zræw gaeecbasw" ¸ E`nw zasr gcrt`nbw+ zkstôt easrnr psc dc i`nrc z`rtnc dcwîkcy`mcw dc zstcw ct dc oìtcw psn iabt kc knt ds eabdc dîeabn`psc 8 gcpsc bc gaezrcbbcbt z`w gcsv psn zrîtcbdcbt zrîiîrcr easrnr zkstôtpsc d„ìtrc sbc dcw zrawtntsîcw dîinbncw gaeec tckkcw z`r kcsr zrazrczravîbætc ‗ bîa%onoknpsc ‗+ z`rgc ps„nkw wc grancbt ycrtscsv+ cvce%

zk`nrcw+ dnmbcw ds eabdc psn cwt ê kcsr maøt+ ct psn cwt gcksn dcweìncsv d„nbwznr`tnab onoknpsc"



?0

zasr k` bnæec ianw+ sb `kgaaknpsc ir`bí`nw `sr` tsî+ `ycgsbc oaeoc ê ps`trc g~knbdrcw+ sbc iènkkc+ sb gaszkc+

sb y`g`bgncr+ sbc inkkc psn `ne`nt ê k` ync as sb îtsdn`btornkk`bt ê k„`ycbnr zraecttcsr+ cb ornw`bt dc esktnzkcwyncw ct dc esktnzkcw iènkkcw" Ckkc `sr`nt `swwn døcbtcbdrc psc k` Ir`bgc bc dîmîbærc z`w t`bt ê g`swcdcw neenmrîw `ròa%ìra%e`mfrîonbw psc dc wab `kgaa%knwec+ psn ` i`nt dc k` Ir`bgc sb zcszkc dc zanyratwwadaentcw ct wsgcsrw+ psn îknwcbt ct wsgcbt gcsv psnkcw wadaenwcbt ct kcsr iabt wsgcr kcw gnrgabgnwcsrw"Zcszkc dc zanyratw psn wabt nbg`zòkcw dc dîicbdrckcsr z`trnc+ psn cb cwt `rrnyîc ê bc rncb zasyanr w„aiirnrdc zksw zasr wc rcgabwtrsnrc dc wcw ynakw rîzîtîw z`rnby`wnabw ciirîbîcw+ psc dcw `rrnîrîw gaszcsrw dcycrmcw &`bgncbw gakabnwîw psn b„ît`ncbt z`w `wwc| ps`kn%

inîw zasr i`nrc ds oab tr`y`nk cb Ir`bgc z`rgc psc kÌr`bgc gakabn`knwtc bc kcw `y`nt z`w ps`kninîw." Zcszkcdc zanyratw zrîtcbtncsv psn oanycbt dc k„`kgaak w`bwìtrc g`zòkcw dc kc wszzartcr 8 zasr wc dabbcr sb gas%r`mc ps„nkw b„abt z`w as zasr wc dabbcr k„`nr dcw gabpsî%r`btw ds eabdc ps„nkw bc wabt z`w d`y`bt`mc… zanyratw

psn wc dabbcbt ds gasr`mc `ycg dc k„`kgaak zasrw„cbtrctscr `ycg kcsr yantsrc+ sb iswnk as sb gastc`s"Kc i`nt cwt psc kcw Ir`bí`nw b„abt z`w ocwanb d„ìtrcgarraezsw z`r kcw E`mfrîonbw zasr waeorcr d`bwk„sw`mc dcw wtszîin`btw" Nkw abt dîlê kc maøt zrababgîzasr kcw dramscw wasw tastcw kcsrw iarecw+ ê gae%

ecbgcr+ dabg+ z`r k„`kgaak+ ct `strcw dramscw kîm`kcw



??

gaeec kcw zw~gfatrazcw zf`re`gcstnpscw" G„cwt zkstôtcsv psn ycskcbt tr`bwiarecr kcw neenmrîw cb `kgaakn%

pscw 8 gc ps„nkw z`ryncbbcbt ê i`nrc w`bw zcnbc `ycg kcw@ròa%e`mfrîonbw psn tasgfcbt tr`dntnabbckkcecbt `svdramscw psn kcsr wabt zcrenwcw+ ct psn tasgfcbt dabgyakabtncrw ê k„`kgaak cb `rrny`bt cb Ir`bgc".Ckkc wc wcbt kîmntnec d`bw w` r`mc ct wastcbsc+ z`rgcps„`ycg kcw 3:# dc Ir`bí`nw ‗ `s eanbw ‗ psn bc zcsycbtzksw yanr kcw E`mfrîonbw &w`bw gaeztcr gcsv psn cb abtzksw ps„`wwc| dc kcw `yanr wsr kc daw gaeec gf`rmcwwagn`kcw.+ nk ~ ` sbc Ir`bga%cwz`mbakc psn gabb`ât `swwndcw zraokæecw dc yanwnb`mc `ycg gcw mcbw%kê+ astrc sbcIr`bí`nwc psn ` psnttî k` dcsvnæec ynkkc dc Ir`bgc zasrîgf`zzcr ê k` zcwtc ycrt g`g` d„anc 8 ckkc zcbwc psctasw kcw Ir`bí`nw wabt dcrrnærc ckkc ‗ cb b„`~`bt tas%

lasrw z`w gaezrnw psc gcbt iènkkcw iabt k„îgabaenc ctk` inb`bgc ds z`~w0:+ ct k` zakntnpsc ct k` lswtngc `swwn+z`ren gckkcw psn abt i`nt ycbnr kcw E`mfrîonbw+ ct psniabt kcsrw ìi`nrcw `ycg kcw @ròa%e`mfrîonbw ct`strcw @irng`nbw ‗ &w`bw z`rkcr dcw zsnww`bgcw îtr`b%mærcw+ zakntnpscw ct inb`bgnærcw." E`nw ps`bd yasw ksn

0: ¨ Darîb`y`bt+ zksw ocwanb dc gaeztcr lswps„ê dcsv gcbtw < êckkcw wcskcw+ sbc psnb|`nbc dc iènkkcw gabtrôkcbt cbynrab 73 # dck` g`znt`knw`tnab dc k` Oasrwc dc Z`rnw" ¸ ‗ ¨ Kcw basyc`sv gfncbwdc m`rdc ¸+ dc Wcrmc F`knen &?::3.+ wsr k` gakkswnab cbtrc kcweîdn`w ct kc zasyanr zakntnga%nbdswtrnck &knyrc `d`ztî `s gnbîe` <

¨ Kcw basyc`sv gfncbw dc m`rdc + dc Mnkkcw O@KO@WT_C ct^`bbngh HC_MA@T &?:00.."



?7

dnrc| psc+ wn ckkc cwt zrìtc ê z`wwcr sb mr`bd gasz dcbctta~csr ê f`stc zrcwwnab+00 d„`strcw Ir`bí`nw zrîiæ%

rcbt z`~cr zasr `yanr k` z`nv+ zasr b„`yanr z`w ê wco`ttrc+ as znrc+ ê i`nrc k` mscrrc" Ct kê+ zai ! k` ikèecdc k„cbr`mîc w„îtcnbdr`" G`r ckkcw wabt baeorcswcw+ kcwyag`tnabw dc zaezncr ‗ z~rae`bc ‗+ dc mscrrncr‗ fse`bnt`nrc ‗ ct dc lswtngncr ‗ ycbmcsr ‗+ ps`bd kìaskc f`r`bmsc kcw e`ki`nw`btw" E`nw gcw yag`tnabwi`noknwwcbt ps`bd ckkcw bc wabt zksw zartîcw psc z`r w`zctntc zcrwabbc nbwnmbnin`btc îgr`wîc z`r wcw gaeesbwzraokæecw psc kcw `strcw mærcbt `ycg nbtckknmcbgc+zfnkawazfnc+ g`kec+ zr`me`tnwec+ wtr`tîmnc+ takîr`bgcas mîbîrawntî+ rîwnmb`tnab as kïgfctî &wc o`ttrc wcsk‗ zasr tasw ‗ b„cwt z`w cv`kt`bt."&Ps`bd ¨ ab ¸ dnt psc k„neenmr`tnab dc e`wwc cwt ¨ sbc

gf`bgc zasr k` Ir`bgc ¸+ gck` wnmbninc psc g„cwt sbcgf`bgc zasr kcw gcbt iènkkcw psn iabt k„îgabaenc dc kÌr`bgc 8 zasr kcw ìi`nrcw dc k„`mrngsktsrc+ dc k`rcwt`sr`tnab+ ds OTZ+ dc k` gabicgtnab+ ct dc tasw gcsvpsn bc w`sr`ncbt wc wcbtnr baokcw w`bw cvatnpscwdaecwtnpscw wcrynkcw zasr orawwcr kcw zckkngskcw ps„nkw

k`nwwcbt cb zasroanrc wsr kcw îz`skcw dc kcsrw gaw%tsecw wsr ecwsrc"

00 @ k„nbwt`r dc gct cezka~î esbngnz`k psn+ ya~`bt z`wwcr sb O`w`bîz`wwcr cb ocrknbc dc gk`wwc ea~cbbc+ `y`nt `wwsrî d„sb mcwtcicrec &gaeec gcksn d„sbc iceec cb e`bpsc wc iasrr`bt ynmas%

rcswcecbt `ycg sb madc

cb zk`wtnpsc. psc w„nk bc tcb`nt ps„ê ksn+ nkcb ecttr`nt sb oab gasz"



?4

Kcw Ir`bí`nw dîzkarcbt k„neenmr`tnab `ròa%ìra%e`mfrîonbc cb k„`ggsw`bt dc g`swcr k` i`nkkntc dc k`

Ir`bgc+ e`nw gc bc wabt z`w kcw neenmrîw `ròa%ìra%e`mfrîonbw psn abt w`nmbî k` b`tnab ir`bí`nwc ctgabtr`nbt k` Ir`bgc ê nezartcr dc k` e`nb%d„ŗsyrcwasw%dîyckazzîc+ nbgaez`tnokc ct nbyakstnyc" Kcw Ir`b%í`nw abt dø stnknwcr dc k` oaswc dc oasg îenww`nrcgarwî zasr fasrdcr ct cbdsnrc k` Ir`bgc ê rîfònkntcrz`rgc psc g„cwt tast gc psc k` Ir`bgc dîzasnkkîczasy`nt wc z`~cr zasr wc rcgabwtrsnrc"Psc grancbt dabg kcw Ir`bí`nw 1 Psc kcw @eîrng`nbw+kcw @bmk`nw as kcw @kkce`bdw `kk`ncbt ycbnr i`nrc kcwk`ronbw zasr psc kcw Ir`bí`nw zsnwwcbt wc z`y`bcr wsr k`taeoc dc kcsrw `bgìtrcw oïtnwwcsrw 1 dabt csv wcskwabt dîwfabarî ct wasnkkî k„acsyrc" _ce`rpsc|+ kcw

Nt`kncbw+ kcw Cwz`mbakw ct kcw Zartsm`nw k„abt oncb i`nt 8gcsv ds Wsd dc kcsr z`~w+ w`bw dastc" Cbtrc g`tfaw+ í`z`ww`nt encsv"Kc i`nt cwt ps„`s%dcwwsw dcw Ir`bí`nw+ nk ~ ` kcw @eîrn%g`nbw+ kcw @bmk`nw+ kcw @kkce`bdw" Cb dcwwasw+ nk ~ ` kcwNt`kncbw+ kcw Cwz`mbakw+ kcw Zartsm`nw… kcw @ròa%ìra%

e`mfrîonbw 8 ct gc b„cwt eìec z`w gcrt`nb ps`bt `svNt`kncbw" Kcw Ir`bí`nw îyntcbt dc wc dnenbscr cb wcecwsr`bt `sv sbw+ ps„nkw wsgcbt ‗ z`r ycdcttcw ds wzcg%t`gkc nbtcrzawîcw ‗+ ct nkw wc mr`bdnwwcbt cb wc ecws%r`bt `sv `strcw+ wsr kcwpsckw nkw gr`gfcbt".K` Ir`bga%cwz`mbakc+ d„sb bnyc`s wgak`nrc dc Ps`%

trnæec+ wc zk`nr` ê dîbabgcr `ycg eîzrnw gc Ir`bga%



?3

e`mfrîonb dcw ¨ gntîw ¸ ps„ckkc ` ys ê k` tîkî+ ct psnrciswc sb cezkan dc bnyc`s O@G(? z`rgc ps„nk dnwzawc

d„sb dnzkôec dc bnyc`s O@G(3" Ab yant oncb gc psn k`dîr`bmc 8 ckkc gaeec kcw _`wg`wwcw dc k` Y`wc+ zasrpsn tast gc psc kcw Ir`bga%e`mfrîonbw zcsycbt ìtrc+i`nrc+ dnrc+ cwt wslct ê grntnpsc+ dîbnmrcecbt+ rclct <k„ndîc psc kcw Ir`bga%e`mfrîonbw zrîiærcbt ìtrc `sgfôe`mc zkstôt psc e`k cezka~îw+ k„ndîc ps„nkw bcycskcbt zksw i`nrc kcw oaskatw nbmr`tw+ k„ndîc ps„nkw bcycskcbt zksw ìtrc nbiîrnarnwîw+ k„ndîc ps„nkw wabtèontncsv as zrîtcbtncsv+ k„ndîc ps„nkw ycskcbt ìtrc `s%dcwwsw dcw Ir`bí`nw gaeec gcttc ir`bí`nwc dc wasgfcnoîrnpsc &w`bw dastc `rònwîc+ wn ab cb grant wabi`gnæw.+ psn gra~`nt psc w` b`tnab`kntî ir`bí`nwc y`k`ntb`tsrckkcecbt &gaeec ê tast Wasgfc. `wwsr`bgc d„sb

cezkan ê ync m`r`btn z`r k„cwzrnt dc iènkkc b`tnab`%knwtc 8 e`nw ]`kk%Wtrcct ct k` Gnt~ wabt z`wwîw z`r kê…W` gcryckkc dc l`kaswc nbgsktc ct wasw ps`kninîc bc wcdnt z`w ps„nk cwt zrîiîròkc+ zasr kcw eanbw dnzkôeîw+psc kcw zksw dnzkôeîw rciswcbt kcw cezkanw wasw%ps`kn%inîw zasr csv+ wasw zcnbc dc zrnycr kcw eanbw ps`kninîw

dc gcw cezkanw" Ckkc bc w`sr`nt z`w ciicgtscr kc g`kgskecbt`k dc 0?(07+ e`nw gc psn cwt gk`nr+ zasr ckkc+ g„cwtps„nk cwt farw dc pscwtnab ps„ckkc wc rcbdc d`bw k` ynkkcorab|îc zasr `wwnwtcr ê sb w`kab dc k„cezkan &wab e`rnw„~ rciswcr` 8 ksn `swwn zrcbd zcsr ps`bd nk yant k`gaskcsr dc wcw g`g`w." Zkstôt rcwtcr w`bw cezkan psc dc

gôta~cr dcw O`w`bîw+ dîknbps`btw dc wsrgraât &wab



?9

`ttntsdc gaskc dc wasrgc+ oncb wør+ `sgsb Ir`bí`nw bc k`ksn rczragfcr`+ tast kc eabdc k` gaezrcbdr`."

¨ Lè`nw dcsv w`bw tranw ¸+ dnt k„`d`mc" K` kan dcwwîrncw wc gabinrecr` ps`bd yasw ciicgtscrc| sbc enwccb zr`tnpsc dc yatrc iare`tnab+ kê aþ sb Ir`bga%cwz`mbak &sb gcrt`nb ZXst`rdcU" Zckkcmrnb+ sb bnæec gfncb

rcbnikcsr d„`bsw psn wc m`yc dc grapscttcw `sv r`matw`y`bt dc kcw rîmsrmntcr.+ dîgasyr`bt yatrc arnmnbcnbgabmrsc+ wc ecttr` ê dîok`tîrcr dc ynyc yanv wsrgcsv psn ksn zasrrnwwcbt k` ync+ gcsv `s yanwnb`mc dcw%psckw nk bc ycst zksw fòntcr+ gcsv ps„nk ycst isnr+ gcsvê psn nk ¨ g`wwcr`nt ¸ kc gsk+ ct kcw dcbtw+ gcsv ê psn nk k`

kcsr ecttr`nt d`bw kc gsk… w„nk `y`nt kcw gasnkkcw dcw„`drcwwcr dnrcgtcecbt ê csv zkstôt ps„nbdnrcgtcecbt+ê gcksn ps„nk zcríant gaeec yskbîròkc+ z`rgc psc babocwtn`k+ `ycb`bt+ dnwgrct ct rîwcryî" Ps`trc wce`nbcwê yasw i`rgnr gc gab dc G`t`k`b+ psn wc grant tcbs dczrîgnwcr psc ksn+ gabtr`nrcecbt `sv ¨ … ¸+ ` cbgarc wab

¨ g`wpsc ¸ ‗ zrswwncb ‗+ ksn psn ` dcw gk`pscttcw ê k`zk`gc dcw tcwtngskcw+ ksn psn eîzrnwc `swwn kcw Zraynbgcwcwz`mbakcw traz zragfcw ds E`mfrco ct dc wcw E`ra%g`nbw psn yncbbcbt ¨ rèabcr ¸ dcw Cwz`mbakcw &gaeec¨ Nwòck+ k` zst` ¸.+ cbtrc dcsv irsntw ct dcsv kîmsecwmarmîw dc zcwtngndcw nbtcrdntw" Gc b„cwt z`w sb i`sgabzækcrnb+ g„cwt lswtc sb rapsct+ sbc _`wg`wwc rae`bc 8yasw bc kc rcgabb`âtrc| z`w ê wab rè`mc+ e`nw ê w`



?=

k`bmsc dc zît`wwc+ ê w` o`yc dc gr`z`sd+ as ê wcwdcbtw tastcw bcsycw psc w` Estsckkc ksn ` mîbîrcswc%

ecbt z`~îcw 8 wn gc b„cwt ê wcw mk`%mk` ps`bd nk yante`rrab+ g`r Zfnzfn Zckkcmrnb k` knzzc ` zcs%zcsr dcwE`mfrîonbw psn bc wc k`nwwcbt zksw i`nrc gaeec `y`bt"Nk ~ cb ` taslasrw sb" Cb gc kncs+ gc wcr` ksn+ kc zfaonpscdc k` gnrgabgnwnab+ k„`bmanwwî dc k` g`wtr`tnab+ kctcrrarnwî dc k` ontc gaszîc 8 ¨ E`nw%csf+ ts rnwpscwrncccbbb ¸+ ksn `wwsrcr` k` mîbîr`tnab ^ ‗ dîlê zkswiènkn`rnwîc `ycg kcw Bard%ìrng`nbw+ ct eìec kcwgf`roabbcsv + ct zrcwpsc dîlê îtr`bmærc ê ckkc%eìec ‗+ ê gcksn psn cwt `bmanwwî z`r k` zrîwcbgce`wwnyc dcw `gf`rbîw gaszcsrw dc ycrmcw+ nbyîtîrîwîmarmcsrw dc wsrgraât+ w`bmsnb`nrcw rswtrcw dc tastce`bnærc" _ncb b„~ icr`+ nk ksn i`sdr` iasnkkcr d`bw yatrc

ync zrnyîc+ d`bw yatrc fnwtanrc+ d`bw yatrc arnmnbc+d`bw yaw eŗsrw+ d`bw yaw i`ntw ct mcwtcw+ d`bw yatrcrîzst`tnab+ zasr dnwwnzcr as cv`gcrocr wcw `bmanwwcw"@n%lc ocwanb d„`lastcr 1 psc dsr`bt yatrc z`ww`mc d`bwk„cbtrczrnwc+ sb dawwncr zasrr`nt dnwz`r`âtrc+ sb trsgdabt ab bc zasrr` psc wc dce`bdcr gc psc yasw

zasrrnc| cb i`nrc+ gc psn b„cezìgfcr` z`w kc Ir`bga%cwz`mbak dc yasw waszíabbcr asycrtcecbt" Gck` `rrn%ycr` dæw karw psc k„cezka~csr `sr` cbynw`mî dc yaswceo`sgfcr ê k` zk`gc ds dcrbncr ceo`sgfî+ sb Ir`b%í`nw psn wc tr`âbc kê w`bw eatny`tnab ê dîi`st d„`yanrtrasyî sbc zk`gc `nkkcsrw"



?6

Wn yasw bc rîzabdc| z`w `sv `ggsw`tnabw ê zcnbcyankîcw+ yatrc wnkcbgc zrasyc yatrc gskzònkntî" Wn yasw

nbinrec|+ g„cwt psc yasw yasw wcbtc| gabgcrbîw+ z`rgcpsc yasw ìtcw gaszòkcw… Í` nbtcrzrætc kcw gfawcw`nbwn+ k` E`kngc 8 g„cwt oìtc ct eîgf`bt+ sb e`kngncsv"Ct sb wazfnwtc+ í` k„cwt ê zcnbc eanbw+ e`nw í` iabdconcb dcw yîrntîw îtòkncw"¨ G„cwt sb Lsni ¸ 8 ct z`w kc Grasnkkc ps„ab gra~`nt" Yankêgc ps„nk wc dnr`+ ngn gaeec kê+ ps`bd yasw bc rî`mnrc|z`w `sv zrayag`tnabw enbòkcw dcw gfncbw zîtcsv" Gcb„cwt z`w zawwnokc `strcecbt ! Gaeecbt zcst%ab ìtrc êgc zanbt nbwcbwnokc `s eîtf`bc wasw zrcwwnab dcwecrdcw Ir`bí`nwcw cb dîgaezawntnab dcwpsckkcw bcw„îgaskcbt zksw psc ds knpsndc ianrcsv ‗ d`bw sb z`~wpsc k„ab dnr` dcycbs sbc dîgf`rmc zsoknpsc zkstôt ps„sb

w`bgts`nrc+ as `s eanbw sb eswîc+ d`bw kcpsck ab cbtrc`ycg rcwzcgt ‗ 1 Gaeecbt zcst%ab kc i`nrc rî`mnr+ kcE`gfnb+ k` Gsrnawntî+ kc E~wtîrncsv+ k„Nbtrnms`bt 1Zcst%ìtrc cb îyaps`bt ¨ k` knwtc dc Wgfnbdkcr ¸… Cfbab" Kc wcsk psn rî`mnr` wcr` gcksn psn ecttr` cb m`r%dc d„sb ¨ gfst ! ¸ kc o`ycsv psn wceokc `yanr asoknî kc

bae ê gabwab`bgc ¨ grntnpsc ¸ dc wab cezka~csr 8 psnyasw `sr` zrnw d`bw wab cbtrczrnwc cb zcbw`bt psc yasw`ync| k` eìec arnmnbc psc ksn" Zasr kcw Ir`bí`nw dcecrdc gaeec zasr kcw Lsniw arnmnb`nrcw d„@irnpsc dsBard+ wn yatrc z`trab~ec k`nwwc wszzawcr psc yasw cbìtcw arnmnb`nrcw+ g„cwt psc yasw ìtcw want Eswske`bw

want Lsniw" _czîrîw+ gnokîw+ gk`wwîw+ g`t`kamsîw… yasw



?>

ìtcw 8 dc kanb" Tast kc eabdc ect tast kc eabdc d`bwsbc g`wc+ sbc oaâtc+ sbc y`knwc+ sb }`mab+ sb g`gfat+ sb

mfctta" Inb`kcecbt+ cf oncb+ dîmaøtî gaeec nk `sr`îtî+ z`r k` ecrdc dc _arambn`nw psc kc gfncb Zckkcmrnb`sr` r`zzartî d`bw w` mscskc+ k„cezka~csr zrcbdr` sbcrîwakstnab+ ps„nk yasw icr` cbtcbdrc < ¨ XLc zrcbdwU Zkswdc Eafècd" ¸Wn yatrc `zz`rcbgc garrcwzabd ê yatrc z`trab~ec+ êyatrc rcknmnab+ ê yatrc gaezartcecbt+ nkw yasw gabwndæ%rcrabt gabiareîecbt ê k„aznbnab psc kc eabdc wc i`ntdcw mcbw dc gfc| yasw" E`nw wn rncb bc gabgardc+ wnyatrc i`gnæw cwt d„sb t~zc ct yatrc z`trab~ec d„sb`strc+ wn rncb bc wabbc gaeec nk gabyncbt `sv Maskatw+`karw iswcrabt kcw `bvncswcw+ wswzngncswcw+ dîd`nmbcs%wcw ct f`nbcswcw nbtcrram`tnabw" Pscwtnab dc gcryc`s

zrnentni+ dc trno`knwec+ d„ctfbagcbtrnwec+ dc r`gn`%knwec" Zraokæec dc zralct zakntnpsc rî`knwî z`r dcwtìtcw zcbw`btcw psn grancbt zasyanr i`nrc `ycg dcwoìtcw zrne`nrcw gc psn bc zcst wc rî`knwcr ps„`ycg dcwìtrcw îyaksîw"Wn yasw ecttc| kc zncd d`bw kc gaeecrgc ct k` dnw%

trnostnab+ yatrc arnmnbc wnmbnincr` ¨ yakcsr cb zsnw%w`bgc ¸ ¨ nbdng zasr gaz`nbw yakcsrw ¸" Wn yatrc arnmnbc+yatrc z`trab~ec ct yatrc i`gnæw zcsycbt k`nwwcr granrcpsc yasw ìtcw Lsniw+ dc tanwîw yasw zasrrnc| ìtrcgasrtnwîw+ tast wasrnrc+ z`r sbc iceckkc psn wt`mbc `so`w dc k` fnîr`rgfnc+ ct psn ycrr` cb yasw d„îycbtsckkcw

rck`tnabw zasy`bt ksn asyrnr dcw zartcw ‗ d„`wgcbwcsrw‗"



7:

&Gck` yasw dabbcr` ê yanr wsr psan rczawc k„aznbnab+ kcrcm`rd+ k„`ttntsdc ct k` z`rakc dc tasw gcsv psn

w„`knecbtcbt cb r`matw+ cb ` zrnarn+ cb nmbar`bgc 8 wsrpsckkc zctntcwwc+ kîmærctî+ wszcringn`kntî+ dîonkntî"Gcsv psn wabt k` gfcenwc psc k` yav zazskn gf`bmc `ycgkc tcezw psn gf`bmc+ ps`bd wasiikc kc ycbt `y`bt psctaeoc k` zksnc ct psc ornkkc kc wakcnk".@nkkcsrw+ dc k` eìec i`íab+ dc dastcsv yasw zasrrnc|nbwt`bt`bîecbt dcycbnr iènkncrw+ z`rgc ps„sb Lsnikag`k yasw `sr` wszzawîw dc w` wartc" @karw+ sb w~ez`%tfnpsc Ir`bí`nw wc k`nwwcr` `kkcr ê cvzrnecr kc zctntwcbtnecbt ps„nk zartc ê gcksn psn cwt tr`bpsnkkcecbt`wwnw ê wab zawtc dc tr`y`nk+ `s i`gnæw z`nwnokc+ bn`mrcwwni bn ocwtn`k+ bn fawtnkc bn eîzrnw`bt+ `s gabtr`nrcdc tck tcgfbngncb Ir`bí`nw rcbirambî+ `sv arcnkkcw

dîgakkîcw < ¨ … kc Ok`gh kê… ¸ &sb @btnkk`nw."&Z`rtast gc wcr` k` eìec gfawc" Z`rtast kcw Ir`bí`nwct `wwnenkîw ¨ wc kïgfcrabt ¸ cb yatrc zrîwcbgc gaeecnkw kc iabt cbtrc csv+ dæw karw psc yasw zasrrc| z`wwcrzasr sb dcw kcsrw 8 dæw karw ps„nkw bc gabb`âtrabt z`wyatrc bae" Ct z`rtast yasw cbtcbdrc| sbc wcskc ct

eìec gfawc < kcw @ròcw gn+ kcw @ròcw í`+ kcw @ròcwcbgarc+ kcw @ròcw z`rtast" Z`rtast gc mcbrc dc t~zcwzasr nk i`sdr`nt gaszcr k` ontc ê gcksn%gn ct gaszcr k`tìtc ê gcksn%kê" Ct yasw+ cb yasw ya~`bt z`t`smcr d`bwkcsr r`gnwec wsnbt`bt+ yasw yasw dnrc| ps„nk i`sdr`ntciicgtnycecbt rîtòknr k` zcnbc dc eart+ ìnb d„îknen%

bcr gcttc yn`bdc y`wcswc+ dæw karw psc kcw r`gnwtcw



70

wcrabt dcycbsw k` dcrbnærc îznbc d`bw k` e`rgfc dseabdc 8 g`r zrîtcbdrc psc kc r`gnwec cwt kc zrcencr

tr`ycrw dspsck dîgaskcbt kcw `strcw wcr`nt crrabî"Zasr yasw `ndcr ê yasw rczrîwcbtcr kc gkne`t zcw`bt psnyasw `ttcbd+ ya~c| psck cwt gcksn dcw eîdn`w dc e`wwccb Aggndcbt < kcw Lsniw+ kcw Lsniw+ kcw Lsniw+ kcw Lsniw+kcw Lsniw+ kcw Lsniw+ kcw Lsniw+ kcw Lsniw+ kcw Lsniw+ kcwLsniw+ kcw Lsniw+ kcw Lsniw+ kcw Lsniw+ kcw Lsniw+ kcwLsniw" kcw Lsniw gcgn+ kcw lsniw gck`+ kcw Lsniw yngtnecw+kcw Lsniw zcrwîgstîw+ kcw Lsniw mîbagndîw+ kcw z`syrcwzctntw lsniw e`rt~rnwîw+ kcw mr`bdw mr`bdw Lsniwbaoîknwîw+ kcw Lsniw+ kcw Lsniw+ kcw Lsniw+ kcw Lsniw+ kcwLsniw+ kcw Lsniw+ kcw Lsniw+ kcw Lsniw+ kcw Lsniw…_cezk`gc| kc k~rnwec+ k„`bsknbmsw ct kc gnr`mc+ z`r kcwr`gkcecbtw dc marmc+ kcw dîmasknb`dcw dc o`yc+ kcw

zralcgtnabw dc yaen+ kcw rcm`rdw f`nbcsv… orci+rcbycrwc| k` granv" @s kncs dcw k`reancecbtw îzkarîw êk` eîeanrc dc dnv Lsniw dîzartîw+ yasw `src| dcwk`reancecbtw dc lanc wsr k` taeoc dcw enkkncrwd„@ròcw zskyîrnwîw" @s kncs dc ¨ Lsniw e`rt~rnwîw ¸+yasw `src| ¨ @ròcw tartnabb`nrcw ¸"

@nbwn cb cwt%nk+ g`r zasr oncb z`r`âtrc kê aþ ab wc zawccb îenbcbgc gnynknw`tnabbckkc+ nk bc i`st z`w ecttrc kcwe`nbw d`bw kc g`g`+ nk bc i`st z`w eìec ~ ecttrc kcweatw+ nk bc i`st z`w ¨ dnrc tast f`st gc psc tast kceabdc zcbwc ‗ dc ‗ tast o`w ¸+ &nk bc i`st z`w e`bmcrk` oasgfc asycrtc bn oïnkkcr w`bw ecttrc k` e`nb dcy`bt

k` oasgfc.+ nk i`st gabincr kcw o`wwcw ocwambcw ê dcw



7?

cvîgst`btw+ nk i`st g`gfcr gc psn dc wan cwt g`g`+ nki`st rcwtcr zrazrc wsr wan+ g`r g„cwt `nbwn psc kcw i`sv

wc dabbcbt dcw `nrw gnynknwîw 8 `ycg dc k` zasdrc `sv ~csv".Nk ~ `sr` gcksn psn yasw icr` dnrc psc yasw bc wszzartc|dîlê zksw k„cezka~csr+ oncb psc yasw b„`~c| rncb k`nwwîcbtcbdrc dc tck+ ct `karw psc gcksn psn z`rkc cb yatrcbae cwt gcksn%kê eìec psn dîgk`rc bc zksw wszzartcrwab cezka~csr+ psn rcyncbt gcbt ianw wsr k„asyr`mc zasrkc z`ri`nrc" Zasrpsan gcttc zst`wwcrnc 1 Z`rgc ps„êzcnbc `rrnyî+ yasw `src| i`nt eabtrc d„sbc fònkctî psck„cvzîrnecbtî b„` z`w+ ct psc k„cezka~csr `sr` `zzrî%gnîc"@strc cbtrczrnwc+ eìec zst`wwcrnc+ ps`bd kc wadaentcpsc yasw rcezk`gc| rîzætcr` `sv gkncbtcw ps„`sgsb

`strc psc ksn b„`y`nt lè`nw zs w`tnwi`nrc zk`nwèecbt+ê k„cvgcztnab dc yasw+ gc psc yasw ksn `src| `yasî+ êw`yanr psc yasw ìtcw k`w ds gabt`gt psatndncb `ycg kcwmcbw+ `swwn wasrn`btw wancbt%nkw" Gck` lcttcr` sb irandd`bw yatrc rck`tnab `ycg gcw gkncbtcw"Ct ps`bd kc gabt`gt `ycg d„`strcw gkncbtcw wc z`wwcr`

encsv `ycg yasw ps„`ycg k` rïkcswc psc yasw rcezk`gc|+ckkc gfcrgfcr` ê yasw gskzònknwcr `s zrîtcvtc ps„ckkc `4? `bw+ ct ps„ê wab ïmc+ ìtrc cezka~òkc… d„sbc ce%zka~ònkntî ps„ckkc gaezraect `ycg w` mr`bdc mscskc dcbîa%iîenbnwtc `g`rnïtrc ct rcbtrc%dcd`bw+ nbw`tnwi`ntcdc gcgn ct dc gck` cb kc i`nw`bt w`yanr ê k„cezka~csr wsr



77

sb tab ecb`í`bt ‗ dc rîyîkcr ¨ tast gc psc lc w`nw ¸ ‗ <Bab+ g„cwt Xgaeec lc ycsvU+ wnbab yasw ec kngcbgnc|" ¸

@ dîi`st dc z`rycbnr ê i`nrc gaezrcbdrc `sv @ròa%E`mfrîonbw ct `sv zakntnpscw `stnwtcw as dîd`nmbcsvtast gc ps„nkw rczragfcbt `sv @ròa%eswske`bw psn kcsrzasrrnwwcbt k` ync psatndncbbc+ kcw Ir`bí`nw psn dnwcbttast f`st ¨ gc psc tast kc eabdc zcbwc tast o`w ¸zrcbdrabt ê z`rtnc kc Ir`bga%e`mfrîonb rîgcztni ‗ dck„arcnkkc ct ds rcm`rd ‗ zasr ps„nk wcryc d„nbtcreîdn`nrc+ct ps„nk i`wwc gc psc lc wsnw cb tr`nb dc i`nrc < yaswi`nrc w`yanr psc yasw dcyc| gf`bmcr yatrc gsktsrc+yatrc ecbt`kntî+ yatrc gaezartcecbt+ yatrc rck`tnab`sv Ir`bí`nw+ ct yatrc rcknmnab wn ckkc bc w`nt z`wrcwtcr d`bw k` wzfærc zrnyîc… i`stc dc psan kcwIr`bí`nw icrabt tast zasr yasw i`nrc cvzskwcr dc

Ir`bgc" Nkw icrabt gc psc iabt baeorc d„asyrncrw 8gaeec gc e`íab cb rcgabycrwnab psn+ cvzknps`bt kcw¨ trsgw f`kksgnb`btw ¸ psc kcw dîgfctw arm`bnpscw dsE`mfrco nbiknmcbt gabtnbsckkcecbt `sv Ir`bí`nw&w„`mnww`bt zasr kcw _`tw orsbw dc zrcbdrc kc gabtrôkcdcw iabdw dc g`yc+ zcbd`bt psc kcw gcryc`sv Nwkèa%

i`wgnwtcw e`rgfcbt wsr kcw z`w dcw Lsdîa%i`wgnwtcw+d`bw kcw `kkîcw ds Zasyanr ct dcw nbwtntstnabwir`bí`nwcw+ cb ît`bt `wwnwtîw z`r kcw or`w drantwdnzkôeîw+ psn ¨ tr`y`nkkcbt ¸ k` Ir`bgc wszcringnckkc ctdc k` Ir`bgc zraiabdc.+ `yascr` `yanr tasrbî kc daw êk` ¨ M`sgfc ¸…

Ct gctcr`… ct gctcr`…



74

Yasw dcyc| gaezrcbdrc psc kc eabdc cwt sb eabdc dciasw+ dc zstcw+ dc oìtcw+ `ycg d„sb gôtî+ sbc e`wwc dcen%fse`nbw eastabw wsnynwtcw+ tabdsw ct îmarmîw+ zkswas eanbw ear`knwîw ct z`r`k~wîw z`r kcw gaszw dcwrcknmnabw onoknpscw ‗ gskzònknw`trngcw ct ecb`í`btcw ‗+dc k„`strc+ psckpscw zrîgsrwcsrw psn w„îycrtscbt ê ìtrc

fse`nbw d„sbc fse`bntî istsrc as wnezkcecbt rìyîc+astrc kcw y`bntcsv psn wc zrîtcbdcbt dnynbw `karw ps„nkwb„abt eìec z`w dîz`wwî kc wt`dc dc k` oìtc en%fse`nbc" Ab basw o`wwnbc `ycg kcw fnwtanrcw dc trìngwd„ìtrcw fse`nbw+ e`nw ngn%o`w+ tast kc eabdc `gfætctast kc eabdc" G„cwt k` ræmkc+ `ggcztîc ct `kkæmrcecbt

zr`tnpsîc 8 g„cwt gc psn rcbd zawwnokc kc trìng d„ìtrcwfse`nbw+ cb cbtncr as cb eargc`sv+ psn cwt sbc iarec`ttîbsîc dc g`bbno`knwec gaeec k` gnrgabgnwnab cwtsbc iarec `ttîbsîc dc w`grningc fse`nb" Tastw„`gfætc+ tast wc ycbd" Kcw rck`tnabw fse`nbcw wabtrîmncw z`r sb r`zzart dc daenb`tnab ct dc wasenwwnab+

d„`gf`t ct dc ycbtc" Kcw r`zzartw dîwnbtîrcwwîw wabtrck`tnycecbt r`rcw" Kcw mcbw dc wagnîtî wabt tasw dcwycbdsw+ as dcw garrsztcsrw 8 dcw zstcw as dcw oìtcw"Ab yasw zk`btc dcw gastc`sv d`bw kc daw+ ab yaswtr`âbc d`bw k` oasc+ ab yasw znwwc dcwwsw+ ab yaswtrsgndc"Yasw gabb`nwwc| gck`" Gfc| yasw+ gaeec ngn+ ab wcdabbc dcw `nrw ycrtscsv d„`st`bt zksw awtcbt`tanrcw



73

psc k„ab e`bnm`bgc cb gasknwwc" Wcskw kcw lcsbcwcbi`btw ct kcw b`áiw nbi`btnkcw grancbt psc k` wagnîtî

cwt rîmnc z`r kcw ræmkcw ìingfîcw wsr k„ìingfc dc k`znægc dc tfîïtrc psc k` wagnîtî i`nt lascr ê wcweceorcw" Kcw b`áiw bc yancbt psc kc inke psn wc dîraskcdcy`bt kcsrw ~csv+ w`bw eìec `yanr gabwgncbgc psc gcb„cwt z`w k` rî`kntî+ w`bw w`yanr ps„nk ~ ` dcw gasknwwcwpsn rîmnwwcbt gcttc nkkswnab+ psn b„cwt z`w `swwn gf`r%e`btc psc kc dîgar dc rìyc" Gcrt`nbw wc dastcbt dck„cvnwtcbgc dcw gasknwwcw+ w`bw `yanr k` gsrnawntî d„cbw`yanr zksw" Oncb `y`bt kcw inktrcw zak`rnw`btw as kcgnbîe` cb tranw dnecbwnabw+ nk ~ ` cs k` _îzsoknpscdîeagr`tnpsc 8 as k` z`nrc dc ksbcttcw rawcw psn ` îtînezk`btîc d`bw kcw oaâtcw grïbncbbcw+ cbtrc kcw mkaocwagsk`nrcw ct kcw bcriw aztnpscw"

@nbwn+ z`r sb zragîdî dc e`bnzsk`tnab ecbt`kc dcwzcrgcztnabw+ k` Ir`bgc+ z`~w tasrnwtnpsc+ g`gfc `sv ~csv ds eabdc k` iseîc onwtrc psn wt`mbc cb zcre`%bcbgc d`bw k„`nr+ gaeec sb wardndc orasnkk`rd kabdabncbzradsnt z`r kcw m`| dc dîgaezawntnab dc k` gasgfcy`wcswc psc gabwtntsc k` gasgfc bab wagnòkc dcw

_`wg`wwcw+ kcwpsckw wabt nwwsw dc tasw kcw enkncsvwagn`sv" K„îz`nwwcsr ct k` kasrdcsr dc gcttc Y`wc graât`ycg kc dîgknb dc k` Ir`bgc"@sv ~csv dcw Ir`bí`nw dc k` Y`wc îtcbdsc+ yasw b„ìtcwz`w cb Ir`bgc zasr `zzartcr psckpsc gfawc ê k` Ir`bgc&`sv Ir`bí`nw.+ zasr cbrngfnr k` Ir`bgc &kcw Ir`bí`nw.+

zasr dîyckazzcr wab îgabaenc+ zasr rcdarcr wab ok`%



79

wab+ as wnezkcecbt zasr ìtrc gaeec kcw Ir`bí`nw" Yaswìtcw dcw nbtrsw+ dcw z`r`wntcw+ dcw ¨ mr`ttcsrw ¸+ dcw

yakcsrw+ dcw ynakcsrw" Nkw yasw yancbt zraintcr dc gcps„aiirc k` Ir`bgc+ ct gck` kcsr cwt nbwszzartòkc" Nkwycskcbt yasw yanr gr`gfcr yaw trnzcw zasr yasw `ggar%dcr kc drant d„ìtrc cb Ir`bgc" Yasw dcyc| easrnr zasrk` Ir`bgc+ zasr kcw Ir`bí`nw 8 `s irabt as `s gf`roab"Yasw bc dcyc| z`w ynyrc ct tr`y`nkkcr zasr yasw+ zasrzraintcr dc k` ync wsr kc wak Ir`bí`nw+ e`nw zasr kÌr`bgc ct kcw Ir`bí`nw" @ dîi`st dc easrnr+ yasw dcyc|dabbcr `sv Ir`bí`nw gc psc k` Ir`bgc yasw dabbc"@ycg kcw i`sgfîw ct kcw e`k katnw+ g„cwt znrc+ z`rgcps„cb zksw dc k` dîin`bgc+ ds eîzrnw+ dc k` f`nbc+ nk ~ `k` l`kaswnc+ cbycrw gc psc yasw `yc| ps„csv bab z`w&gaeec ps`kntî+ gaezîtcbgc+ oncb+ azzartsbntî+ ctg"."

@ycg kcw dramsîw gaeec kcw `kgaaknpscw+ g„cwt cbgarcznrc+ g`r gcw mcbw wabt gabtnbsckkcecbt cb tr`nb dcgfcrgfcr dc psan `wwasynr kcsr ocwanb orøk`bt 8 psn i`ntikèocr kcsr ync ct gckkc dcw `strcw+ `ycg tast k„`rmcbtps„nkw zcsycbt `yanr d`bw kcw e`nbw" Kcw `kgaaknpscww`bw%kc%was+ gaeec kcw dîwacsyrîw dramsîw `sv dra%

mscw dsrcw+ wabt dcw ecbtcsrw+ dcw cwgragw+ dcwyakcsrw+ dcw e`masnkkcsrw+ yanrc dcw tscsrw+ psn wabtcbtnærcecbt rîmnw z`r kcsr dîzcbd`bgc+ gaeec kcwzawwîdîw z`r sb dnòkc" Ps`bd nkw yancbt sbc zcrwabbc`ycg dc k„`rmcbt+ gaeec kcw dramsîw+ kcw `kgaaknpscw bcyancbt z`w dcw onkkctw d`bw wcw e`nbw+ e`nw dc k„`kgaak

as dc k` dramsc" Kcw aowîdîw wcvsckw yancbt cb tast gc



7=

psn zcst ìtrc cb r`zzart `ycg kcsr aowcwwnab wcvsckkc"Kcw `kgaaknpscw yancbt cb tast gc psn zcst ìtrc cb

r`zzart `ycg dc k„`kgaak ct k„`gtc dc oanrc dc k„`kgaak"Zasr csv+ g„cwt k` wcskc r`nwab d„ìtrc dc k„`rmcbt <`gfctcr dc k„`kgaak ct kc oanrc zasr kc znwwcr" K„`kgaakcwt kcsr rîiîrcbtnck+ psn ` w` garrcwzabd`bgc cb eab%b`nc indsgn`nrc gaeec zasr d„`strcw k„ar cwt k„ît`kabeabît`nrc z`r r`zzart `spsck tast wc ecwsrc" W„nkw bczcsycbt w„cb cez`rcr z`r k` iargc+ nkw cww`ncbt dck„`yanr z`r k` rswc+ k` wîdsgtnab+ cb rad`bt `stasr dszartc%eabb`nc èosk`bt" G„cwt `nbwn psc zragædc kczcrwabb`mc psc lc wasectw ê yatrc w~wtæec nees%bnt`nrc ecbt`k+ ìnb dc kc y`ggnbcr gabtrc gc zratat~zcIr`bí`nw dc k` ¨ Ir`bgc d„`zræw ¸+ l„`n baeeîDaenbnpsc E"+ `kgaaknpsc `ttntrî dc _apsc%tcw%eartw"

Gc gîkno`t`nrc ynt d`bw sbc gfèorc kasîc aþ nkz`rtas|c+ `y`gfn+ `ycg w` zctntc tîkîynwnab+ sb z`psctdc gnm`rcttcw zræw dc ksn+ ct wsrtast+ wsrtast ! sbcoastcnkkc d„`kgaak d`bw k` e`nb" G„cwt sb ikèocsr psnycst ecbcr k` mr`bdc ync+ ps„nk wneskc+ `ycg wab w`k`nrcd„asyrncr+ cb dîlcsb`bt psatndncbbcecbt `s rcwt`s%

r`bt+ aþ nk ~ zrcbd wcw gìîw ct wcw `zîrntniw" I`sgfî kc0: ds eanw+ nk gabw`grc wcw lasrbîcw ê g`kgskcr gae%ecbt wc waswtr`nrc ê wcw aoknm`tnabw zraicwwnabbckkcwzasr zasyanr tr`âbcr d`bw kcw onwtratw+ `zræw `yanrrczîrî sbc zanrc ê i`nrc e`rnbcr d`bw dc k„c`s wsgrîc+`y`bt dc ksn wastnrcr dc psan ît`bgfcr wab nbw`tnòkc

wani d„îtf`bak" Nk cb cwt psn e`r`sdcbt+ d„`strcw psn



76

tr`pscbt k` iceec ê ynakcr" Ksn cwt gabtnbsckkcecbt cbpsìtc d„sbc oabbc ïec as d„sb engfctab ê psn nk zasrr`

wastnrcr dc k„`rmcbt zasr zasyanr wc ecttrc waswzcriswnab îtf~knpsc 8 wn gc b„cwt d„sb `kgaaknpsc psn ksnz`ncr` ¨ sb ycrrc ¸ `zræw k„`strc+ ìnb+ kc }cch%cbd+ dcwc ecttrc k` tìtc d`bw kc g`bnyc`s" Dc ynkkc cb ynkkc+ dcynkk`mc cb ynkk`mc+ nk i`nt kc tasr dcw onwtratw+ aþ nk k`nwwcdcw dcttcw ps„nk bc rceoasrwc lè`nw+ gc psn k„aoknmc êtaslasrw `kkcr yanr `nkkcsrw w„nk ~ ` sb gasnkkab ê îgsecras sb zanyrat ê i`nrc waeorcr"G„cwt ê sb gasnkkab ps„nk `y`nt w`bw dastc grs `yanr êi`nrc+ cb `~`bt cs ìi`nrc `ycg sb f`bdng`zî eatcsr+ êpsn nk `y`nt wastnrî 03 csraw" Nk ksn `y`nt+ e`nbtcw ianw+i`nt enrantcr sb rceoasrwcecbt neeîdn`t+ `y`bt dc wcdîi`swwcr kècbtòkcecbt+ sbc dcrbnærc ianw 8 g`r

e`nbtcw ianw kc f`bdng`zî k„`y`nt rck`bgî+ `y`bt d„cbycbnr ê dce`bdcr sbc rctcbsc wsr w`k`nrc ê k„cezka~csrdc k„`kgaaknpsc+ sbc `sd`gc ê k`psckkc bc w„ît`nt z`w`ttcbds kc dîbaeeî GF7%GF?%AF+ kc g`kgsk`tcsr psnw„ît`nt `wwc| gabiartòkcecbt nbwt`kkî d`bw sb lcs dcdszc dabt nk ît`nt taslasrw wartn fcsrcsv d„nyrcwwc <

zasr zrcwtcecbt îtcnbdrc kc ics dc k` fabtc nbiknmîcz`r k` mratcwpsc enwc ê bs zsoknpsc dc wcw znta~òkcwe`bnm`bgcw &cvzawntnab tfîïtr`kc ê k„ciict tr`mn%gaen%psc èzkninî z`r kc zf~wnpsc+ k` dîe`rgfc ct k„îkagstnabdc k„fîenzkîmnpsc.+ kc dramsî ` `wwsrî `s mrsmî ps„nk`kk`nt neeîdn`tcecbt kc rceoasrwcr+ w„nk d`nmb`nt kc

dîzawcr+ `ycg w` yantsrc+ dcy`bt k„`mcbgc o`bg`nrc



7>

tastc zragfc &g`r nk y` dc wan psc kc dîecbtnck `kgaakn%psc+ psn gabw`grc tasw wcw rcycbsw0? ê k„`kgaaknwec+ b„`

z`w d„`rmcbt ê dîzcbwcr d`bw sb yîfngskc." E`nw cbwart`bt dc k` yantsrc+ Daenbnpsc bnpsc%bnpsc ` zrnw k`zasdrc d„cwgèzcttc 8 nk bc zasy`nt rceoasrwcr wcwdcttcw `ycg k„`rmcbt ps„nk b„`y`nt z`w+ lè`nw" Gaeecbtw„cwt tcrenbîc gcttc ìi`nrc 1 W`bw dastc `ycg dc k`¨ g`y`kcrnc ¸ < k` dcttc ` îtî rceoasrwîc cb gabtr`g%t`bt sbc `strc dcttc+ psn bc wcr` lè`nw rceoasrwîc"Gct `kgaaknpsc%bî cwt tckkcecbt `ggrag ê k„`kgaak+ dczærc cb inkw+ ps„nk w„ît`nt `dabbî ê k` dnwtnkkcrnc e`nwab+ lswps„ê gc psc kcw mcbw d„`recw kc r`zzckkcbt ê k„Ardrc"Oc`sgasz dc mcbw gabwndærcbt psc kcsr cwt dø gcgn asgck`+ wn gc b„cwt tast" Ksn gabwndærc psc tast kc eabdcksn dant ¨ sb ycrrc ¸+ `s eanbw 8 wsrtast kcw îtr`bmcrw

psn zrîtcbdcbt ìtrc Ir`bí`nw+ ct psn danycbt kc zras%ycr+ wsrtast w„nkw wabt arnmnbckkcecbt d„sbc gsktsrc bab`kgaaknpsc" E`nw tast kc eabdc cwt kanb d„ìtrc dc gct`ynw" Nk cb cwt dabg rîdsnt ê wc dîorasnkkcr `strcecbt <z`rtast aþ nk tr`âbc+ nk ~ ` rîmsknærcecbt psckps„sb zasrksn dce`bdcr w„nk tr`y`nkkc+ ¨ sb zcs+ gaeec í`+ ê

gôtî ¸… Ct gaeecbt ! Oncb wør ! Aaafff+ oncb wør+ ps„nk`nec k„`rmcbt yntc m`mbî yntc dîzcbwî ps„nk tr`y`nkkc¨ sb zcs+ gaeec í`+ ê gôtî ¸ ! Nk ` tckkcecbt d„ kgaak ê

0? Wab w`k`nrc+ zksw sbc rcbtc zasr kcw wîpsckkcw nbwnmbnin`btcw d„sb`ggndcbt ds tr`y`nk zrayapsî &wckab sbc wasrgc nbtcrbc. z`r sbc

gabwaee`tnab d„`kgaak `wwc| îkcyîc zasr kc i`nrc taeocr d„sbcîgfckkc"



4:

wnzfabbcr ! @s Banr+ g„cwt encsv" G„cwt `st`bt d„`rmcbtpsn bc y` z`w d`bw kcw g`nwwcw dc k„Ct`t+ g„cwt `st`bt

d„`kgaak psn nr` d`bw w` mscskc l`sbïtrc dc rasmc`sd"Gc t~zc+ g„cwt kc tèzab f~mnîbnpsc dc Dèc Ir`bgc 8 nkòwaroc maskøecbt k„`kgaak gakarî psn w„îgaskc dc wcwwnkkabw oascsv" @ tck zanbt psc kcw iòrng`btw dc ¨ zra%tcgtnabw iîenbnbcw ¸ dcyr`ncbt kc dnwwîpscr zasr yanrdc psan nk wc gaezawc" Nkw icr`ncbt k` rîyakstnabb`nrcdîgasycrtc dc k„ærc 8 gckkc ds e`tîrn`s kc zksw òwar%o`bt psn want"Ct gaeec nk b„` z`w yr`necbt dc gfc| wan+ gaeec taswgcsv psn `wwsecbt gct ît`t dc i`nt+ nk zrcbd wcw `nwcwz`rtast aþ nk zcst w„nbgrswtcr &nk wc ycrr`nt oncb d`bwtck as tck kamcecbt+ í` bc ksn wcr`nt z`w dîw`mrîòkc+e`nw ê yr`n dnrc+ wcsk ksn nezartc dc zasyanr w„`kgaakn%

wcr+ tast kc rcwtc ît`bt zksw psc wcgabd`nrc.+ aþ+ êk„agg`wnab+ nk ¨ cezrsbtc ¸ zksw as eanbw gc psn zcstk„`rr`bmcr+ ps`bd nk bc t`zc z`w d`bw kcw o`rpscttcw dcir`nwc dc k„`mrngsktcsr gfc| psn nk i`nt dcw tr`y`sv"G„cwt gc ps„nk i`nt `ycg kc e`tîrnck dc k„cbtrczrnwc+ e`nwgaeec nk bc zcst zksw kc i`nrc kc }cch%cbd &stnknwcr sb

yîfngskc dc k„cbtrczrnwc zasr gf`rmcr kc e`tîrnck lswpsc gfc| wab ¨ gkncbt ¸.+ nk wc dîorasnkkc zcbd`btwcw fcsrcw dc tr`y`nk &cb inb dc wce`nbc+ `ycg sbyîfngskc dc k„cbtrczrnwc+ nk k`nwwc gcrt`nbcecbt dse`tîrnck dc k„cbtrczrnwc gfc| wab ¨ gkncbt ¸+ ìnb dczasyanr ~ tr`y`nkkcr kc }cch%cbd." Zasr wc knyrcr zksw

`nwîecbt ê wcw e`masnkkcw+ nk ` ocwanb dc zasyanr ¨ wc



40

ecttrc d`bw k` zagfc ¸ gcksn `ycg psn ab kc gakkc+ cbk„cbtr`âb`bt d`bw kcw o`rw+ kcw rcwt`sr`btw+ cb rct`r%

d`bt d„sbc fcsrc as dcsv k` rczrnwc ds tr`y`nk+ cb¨ dîgabb`bt ¸ wsr kcw gf`btncrw+ cbtrc gaeeîr`mc ctocsycrnc" Gcksn psn wc k`nwwcr` garraezrc bc zasrr`zksw kc dîbabgcr w`bw wc dîbabgcr ksn%eìec" Gcksn psnbc wc k`nwwcr` z`w garraezrc ct psn wceokcr` trazycrtscsv icr` k„aolct d„sbc ¨ cbpsìtc dc yanwnb`mc ¸"Wsrtast ps`bd nk icr` z`rtnc dcw dcsv basyckkcwrcgrscw psc k„cezka~csr zrîwcbtcr` ê tasw gaeec dcweadækcw ê wsnyrc+ t`bdnw ps„nk rczragfcr` `sv dcsv`bgncbw+ `kgaaknpscw+ sb w`bm yncsv ct sb k`nwwcr%`kkcrpsn zkaeocbt k„cbtrczrnwc 8 ct gabtr`rncbt wcw yscw cbmr`bd < ¨ G„cwt yasw+ kcw `bgncbw+ psn dcyr`ncbt zartcrk„cbtrczrnwc" ¸ E`nw kcw `bgncbw07 w„cwtnecbt lè`nw

`wwc| oncb z`~îw 8 eìec gcksn psn tr`y`nkkc e`k" Nkwît`ncbt zasrt`bt knorcw d„`kkcr wc ycbdrc ê zksw aiir`btgaeec ê psn bc zr`tnpsc z`w kc dseznbm+ wsrtast cbgcttc zîrnadc ikèoîc neeaonknærc" Daenbnpsc kc tcb%tcr` oncb sb gasz dc oksii+ `y`bt dc gabwt`tcr psczcrwabbc b„cwt nrrcezk`íòkc" Dcw t~zcw gaeec ksn+ nk ~

cb ` zkcnb k` eantnî dcw Ir`bí`nw" Kcsr eærc cwt sbczstc ct kcsr zærc cwt sb zst`nb" Ct í`+ í` zradsnt dcwzst`nbw dc inkw dc zstc"K` zaezc ê `kgaak nr` iasnkkcr d`bw wcw ìi`nrcw zrnyîcwzasr ~ dîmatcr dc psan kc dnwgrîdntcr+ ìnb psc k„cezka%

07 K„sb ynt d`bw sb m`r`mc èîb`mî ct k„`strc d`bw sbc gfèorc"



4?

~csr bc zsnwwc ksn gabincr k` wsrycnkk`bgc ds tnrc%`s%ik`bg < yasw ya~c|+ eabwncsr M"+ ksn `swwn tr`âbc dcw

g`wwcrakcw &sbc dâbcttc dc mènb knyrî ê ksn%eìec+ psn` dø `zzrcbdrc k` ync tast wcsk+ `s gabtr`nrc dcwfaenbncbw `bne`sv d„îkcy`mc+ cez`kîw d`bw kcsr o`wwc%gasr z`r kcw ycrw`tnkcw kanw îgrntcw ct bab îgrntcw+gnynkcw ct zîb`kcw+ trno`kcw ct gkîrng`kcw 8 sbc dâbcttcdabt kcw grîtnbw iabt mr`bd g`w z`rgc ps„nkw wabtgaeec kcw mènbcw psn lascbt ê k` dâbcttc cb wc zrc%b`bt `s wîrncsv+ ct psn zcwtcbt gaeec dcw oaoabbcw <¨ @``f ! Bc tasgfc| z`w ê e` y`nwwckkc ! Bc ecdîr`bmc| z`w+ lc tr`y`nkkc ! ¸."Lc zcsv yasw dnrc zasrpsan nk bc zcst zksw zrcbdrck„cbtrczrnwc zasr k` wncbbc+ zsnwpsc k„cezka~csr+ waszkcd„cwzrnt+ r`gabtc+ zrcwpsc cb w„cb èsw`bt+ kcw cvzkantw

dc gcksn dabt nk bc wc wîz`rc z`w tèoasr o`tt`btz`rgc ps„nk ` ocwanb dc gct nyrambc psn gabb`ât wabeîtncr ‗ ct psn zasrr`nt w„îtòknr ê wab gaeztc+ w„nkb„`y`nt z`w kcw e`nbw trasîcw ‗ < cb t`bt psc zraesgfci dc gf`btncr+ Daenbnpsc Z`wd„z`bnpsc dnwzaw`nt dcwgkciw dc k„`tckncr+ gc psn ksn zcrectt`nt d„stnknwcr sb

yîfngskc dc k„cbtrczrnwc zasr wc zraecbcr tast kc}cch%cbd+ cb kabm cb k`rmc ct cb tr`ycrw+ `sv ir`nw dck„cezka~csr" Gaeec nk `mnww`nt `s ys ct `s ws dc tasw+gck` w„cwt ws dc k„cezka~csr+ psn ` yasks cb `yanr kcgŗsr bct" Sb dne`bgfc+ k„cezka~csr k„`y`nt dabg `zzckî`s tîkîzfabc zasr ksn dce`bdcr wn k„`tckncr `y`nt oncb

îtî icreî gaeec nk i`kk`nt+ `ycg kcw yîfngskcw ê



47

k„nbtîrncsr+ cb wîgsrntî" ¨ Asn asn+ Eabwncsr M"+ bc yaswnbpsnîtc| z`w+ l„`n oncb tast icreî ê gkci" ¸ Gc ê psan

k„cezka~csr `y`nt rîtarpsî < ¨ Ts tc iasw dc ean 1! Kê+ lc wsnw d`bw k„`tckncr" Kcw zartcw wabt mr`bd asycrtcw"Aþ ts cw 1! ¸ Cb y`drasnkkc+ nk ît`nt" @zræw psan+ nk `dabg îtî rîtramr`dî ct rcezk`gî" Dczsnw+ nk zrcbd sbe`knb zk`nwnr ê i`nrc cb wartc psc ¨ tast z`rtc cbyrnkkc ¸+ ìnb dc dîgrîdnonknwcr wab rcezk`í`bt+ ctcwzîrcr zasyanr rîgszîrcr gc zawtc psn ksn zcrectt`ntdc wc zraecbcr tastc k` lasrbîc+ ìisokî d„sb gawtsecdc o`bpsncr+ cb i`nw`bt k` tasrbîc dcw o`rw ct dcwrcwt`sr`btw+ cbtrc dcsv rîsbnabw dc gf`btncr aþ aboant ds gìî ct aþ ab e`bmc dcw granww`btw cb ise`bt"Wn g„cwt ¨ kc gnrpsc Znbdcr ¸+ gaeec nk dnt+ g„cwt `swwnmrïgc ê ksn"

Wn yasw gra~c| psc gcttc w`bgtnab ` enw inb ê wcw tr`%ingw+ g„cwt psc yasw bc gabb`nwwc| z`w k„`bne`k < nk cwt`swwn aobsonkî z`r k„`kgaak psc yasw z`r yatrc rcknmnab"Zasr kc gcryc`s zrnentni dc gcrt`nbw+ k„`kgaaknwec cwtynwgîr`kcecbt sbc rcknmnab gaeec zasr d„`strcw kcgfrnwtn`bnwec as kc g`znt`knwec" Kcw sbw yascbt sb gsktc

ê k„`kgaak gaeec d„`strcw ê k„`rmcbt as ê sb dncs psck%gabpsc+ wn gc b„cwt `s Zasyanr+ psn cwt kcsr r`nwab dcynyrc+ kcsr wcsk yîrntòkc gaez`mbab dc ync" G„cwt sbgsktc psn r~tfec ct aggszc cbtnærcecbt kcw lasrbîcw+ct psn i`nt dnrc ¨ g„cwt k„fcsrc ‗ w`grîc ‗ dc k„`zîra&g„cwt k„fcsrc ds gìî. ¸ gaeec yasw dntcw ¨ g„cwt

k„fcsrc ‗ w`grîc ‗ dc k` zrnærc ¸"



44

W` ync ê ksn cwt taslasrw `swwn oncb ¨ rcezknc ¸ 8 cttaslasrw wsr wcw fcsrcw dc tr`y`nk" Kc e`tnb+ wsr kc

gfcenb ds gf`btncr+ nk w„`rrìtc zasr zrcbdrc wab gìî`ycg sb granww`bt" @ 6 f+ nk gaeecbgc z`r asyrnr w`zrcenærc g`bcttc dc onærc" @ 0: f+ sb lasr wsr dcsv+ nkzrcbd k` yantsrc zasr `kkcr `gfctcr sb z`gh dc dnvonærcw+ rczîrcr kcw o`rw ct kcw rcwtaw 8 nk i`nt wò`k`dc" Tasw kcw dcsv lasrw+ ê 00 f 7:+ nk y` ¨ ê kò`bpsc ¸+ gaeec d„`strcw yabt ¨ gfc| e` t`btc ¸ 8 nky` ê k` ¨ o`bpsc ds z`wtnw ¸ gaeec d„`strcw yabt ê k`¨ o`bpsc dc wzcrec ¸" Nk y` ê k` o`bpsc+ oanrc wabzctnt l`sbc+ `y`bt dc dîlcsbcr `s rcwt`sr`bt+ aþ nkzrcbdr` sb `strc gìî" Ps`bd nk bc rczrcbd z`w kctr`y`nk ê 07 f 7: as 04 f 7:+ `s kncs dc 07 f+ ê 09 f 7:nk y` gfc| kc dcbtnwtc as ê k` o`bpsc… gaeec d„`strcw

wabt cb rîsbnab lswpsc t`rd kc wanr" Kc 0: ds eanw+ nk b„`zksw d„`rmcbt+ `karw nk gaeecbgc ê trs`bdcr wabeabdc < k„cezka~csr+ ê psn nk dce`bdc sbc `y`bgc as sb¨ zrìt d„èn ¸+ kcw gakkæmscw ct kcw ¨ tr`âb`rdw ¸ dcwonwtratw+ ê psn nk dce`bdc 0: as ?: csraw+ ¨ zasr ecdîz`bbcr ¸… Ps`bd nk bc zcst z`w cvtarpscr dc

k„`rmcbt+ nk wc basrrnt gaeec sb gfncb+ `ycg dcw eantnîwas dcw rcwtcw dc rcz`w mr`gncswcecbt aiicrtw z`r kcwgakkæmscw dc tr`y`nk"Ps`bd nk b„` z`w d„`zzrcbtn wsr kc daw+ nk ciicgtsc wcwgf`btncrw zcrwabbckw zcbd`bt kcw fcsrcw z`~îcw z`rk„cezka~csr+ `ycg kc e`tîrnck dc k„cezka~csr" Kc

gf`btncr `karw zrcbd `bare`kcecbt ds rct`rd+ ct tast



43

inbnt z`r wc w`yanr" G„cwt sbc ìi`nrc cbtrc ksn ctk„cezka~csr+ dnrc|%yasw" Kc zraokæec cwt psc gc t~zc

bsnt `sv `strcw" Yasw zasyc| oncb ìtrc ds mcbrc êtasrbcr k` tìtc ct ê yasw t`nrc cb i`nw`bt gaeec wn dcrncb b„ît`nt ps`bd yasw ya~c| psckps„sb wc knyrcr fòn%tsckkcecbt ê dcw e`bnm`bgcw ct dcw k`rgnbw+ gck` bcyasw cezìgfcr` z`w d„ìtrc gabirabtîw ê psn gfcrgfcr`ê yasw easnkkcr as ê yasw `ggswcr d`bw yatrc daw ! G`rasn+ nk cvnwtc ock ct oncb dc tck zcrycrw+ psn wabtd„`st`bt zksw ê kcsr `nwc ps„nkw w`ycbt zasyanr `nwîecbtyasw gf`rmcr `ycg k` eskc ds r`gnwec+ dcw ` zrnarn+ ctdcw `btîrnarntîw dcw sbw ct dcw `strcw"Wn ab kc ect `ycg dcw bskw zasr `y`bgcr sb gf`btncrps„nkw b„`rrnycbt z`w ê i`nrc `y`bgcr+ nkw kcw cbtr`âbcbtd`bw wab k`nwwcr%`kkcr `kgaaknwî+ rct`rd`bt k` rczrnwc ds

tr`y`nk `zræw kc dîlcsbcr+ ps`bd nk bc gaby`nbg z`rk„`zzrcbtn enbcsr dc wc o`nmbcr `ycg ksn d`bw sbcrnynærc" W„nk yant psc yasw i`ntcw yatrc tr`y`nk ct psc kcgf`btncr `y`bgc+ nk wc zrîk`wwcr` sbc oastcnkkc dc onærcê k` e`nb+ cb dnwgst`bt `ycg kcw `strcw garzw dc eîtncr"Tast wcr` zrîtcvtc zasr wc dîgf`rmcr ds tr`y`nk wsr

yasw" ¨ Lc y`nw ecttrc k` yantsrc ê k„aeorc" ¸ ¨ Lc y`nwgfcrgfcr dcw onærcw" ¸ ¨ Lc y`nw ê k` o`bpsc" ¸ ¨ Lcy`nw yanr wn k` yanwnbc cwt `rrnyîc" ¸ G`r gc b`|crct`rdc k` rî`knw`tnab d„sbc tïgfc gfc| k` gkncbtc z`rgcps„nk mscttc w` ycbsc ê k„fcsrc psn ksn gabyncbt+ wsr kcgasz dc 00 f 7:" Zasrpsan 1 Z`rgc psc < ¨ @st`bt ckkc

z`nc k„`zîra ! ¸ Ct ps`bd sb `rgfntcgtc kc wsrzrcbdr`



49

dcfarw+ cb tr`nb dc wc zrîk`wwcr+ `karw psc kc gf`btncrznîtnbc+ g„cwt ê yasw ps„nk nezstcr` k` rcwzabwònkntî ds

rct`rd"W` k`bmsc cwt sbc k`bmsc dc e`rmasknb+ gaeec gckkcd„sbc oardnkkc ir`bga%dc%z`zncr%zartsm`nwc+ psn dîontcecbwabmc wsr ecbwabmc+ as gckkc d„sb r`gnwtc+ psndîontc e`kycnkk`bgc wsr e`kycnkk`bgc" Nk zcst dnrc gcps„nk ycst+ zcrwabbc bc yasw dce`bdcr` yatrc ycrwnabdcw i`ntw+ z`rgc psc ¨ psn wc t`nt gabwcbt ¸+ ct z`rgcpsc yasw i`ntcw enbc dc bc z`w yanr gc psn wc trècd`bw yatrc daw 8 z`rgc psc kcw gaszw dc mscskc ct kcwgaszw dc gasdc psatndncbw `svpsckw nk i`st wc knyrcrzasr i`nrc w` zk`gc d`bw k` ¨ lsbmkc gnynknwîc ¸ bc yaswdabbcbt z`w cbync dc dcycbnr gaeec gcsv psn w„~`dabbcbt ocwtn`kcecbt+ nbwtnbgtnycecbt+ zcrindcecbt

&g„cwt `swwn í`+ k` Ir`bgc ct kcw Ir`bí`nw 8 ê dcw kswtrcwwasw y`wc dc k` Ir`bgc dcw ranw+ dcw w`nbtw ct dcw`g`dîengncbw 8 ct oncb kanb d„sbc Ir`bgc dîeagr`tnpscpsn `ggasgfc dc k` knocrtî+ dc k„îm`kntî+ dc k` ir`tcr%bntî."K„èntnî dc z`gatnkkc dc gc mcbrc d„nbdnynds w„`gfætc

`ycg dc k„`kgaak 8 k„`kgaak cwt wab wcsk yîrntòkc èn"Tast `s zksw cwt%nk `bneî dc k„èntnî dcw dramsîw+ psnz`rt`mcbt kcw wî`bgcw dc ¨ wfaat ¸ zasr wc wcbtnreanbw wcskw ct dîwacsyrîw"Wn yasw ìtcw e`bnicwtcecbt Eswske`bw+ nk bc yncbdr`z`w yasw k`bgcr wsr k„`kgaak 8 bc wcr`nt%gc psc z`r

gr`nbtc dc gaeecttrc sbc aiicbwc psn zasrr`nt ksn



4=

`ttnrcr dcw cbbsnw" Z`r gabtrc+ nk zasrr`nt ecttrc êk„îzrcsyc kc e~tfc yask`bt psc yasw `~c| kc wcbw dc

k„fawznt`kntî+ cb rcbtr`bt gfc| yasw w`bw nbynt`tnab+ìnb dc yasw dce`bdcr sb eargc`s dc m`kcttc dcwceaskc+ ct `nbwn g`kecr w` i`ne dc tranw lasrw+ `srnwpsc dc wc i`nrc îlcgtcr e`bs enknt`rn+ z`r gcsv+@ròa%e`mfrîonbw+ psn wabt zksw b`tnab`knwtcw d`bw kcwcwz`gcw ps„nkw aggszcbt cb Ir`bgc psc kcw b`tnab`knwtcwir`bí`nw csv%eìecw" @zræw psan+ nk îyntcr` dc yaswtasrbcr `stasr" Yasw wcrc| dîinbntnycecbt dcw îtr`b%mcrw+ z`w eìec dcw gakkæmscw dc tr`y`nk"Wn yasw ìtcw gcbwîw ìtrc Ir`bí`nw+ z`r kc drant ds wakas z`r b`tsr`knw`tnab+ nk `ttcbdr` dc yasw psc yasw kczrasync|+ bab z`w cb i`nw`bt gaskcr yatrc w`bm zasrît`kcr w` zsrctî+ e`nw cb i`nw`bt gaskcr ds z`wtnw d`bw

wcw ycnbcw+ zasr kc i`nrc o`bdcr" I`stc dc psan+ ps`bdsb eîtæpsc z`wwcr` cb yantsrc cb dniisw`bt dc kèswnpsc d„`nkkcsrw+ nk yasw k`bgcr`+ `ycg eîzrnw 8 cbyasw i`nw`bt `nbwn gaezrcbdrc psckkc gabwndîr`tnab nk `zasr yasw+ ds wcsk i`nt dc yatrc arnmnbc+ z`rgc psc yaswbc kc r`ww`wnc| z`w < ¨ T„îgastc í` tan" ¸ Tr`dsnwc| <

¨ T„cw z`w sb Ir`bí`nw tan+ í` wc yant" Ts oanw z`wd„`kgaak gaeec ts rcwznrcw" &Wn ts ec z`ncw z`w sbycrrc+ lc tc gabwndærcr`n gaeec sb eîtæpsc+ `ycgeîzrnw" T„`w gaezrnw 1 @karw+ ts ec kc z`ncw eab ycrrc+as ts zrîiærcw psc lc tc gr`gfc dcwwsw 1. ¸Wn yasw b„ìtcw z`w dnwzawîw ê tr`âbcr d`bw kcw o`rw

`ycg gcttc kèzc ê `kgaak f`btî z`r kc e`sy`nw mîbnc dc



46

k„`kgaaknwec+ nk yasw rcm`rdcr` `ycg dîznt < ¨ Psan 1! Nkycst z`w ec z`~cr e` r`tnab d„`kgaak !1 W`knm`sd ! Nk

rcwzcgtc z`w baw sw ct gastsecw < cb Ir`bgc+ ps`bd ab`rrnyc psckpsc z`rt+ ab aiirc sbc oastcnkkc d„`kgaak 8z`rgc psc+ zasr ndcbtnincr kcsrw wceokòkcw+ kcwIr`bí`nw dc k` Y`wc rcbnikcbt kcw ciiksycw îtf~knpscwpsn îe`bcbt dcw oasgfcw gaeec kcw gfncbw rcbnikcbtkcw zawtîrncsrw" Ps„cwt%gc ps„nk `ttcbd ksn 1 Nk ec kcz`nc as nk ec kc z`nc z`w 1 kc ¨ ycrrc dc k„èntnî ¸" Nk eci`nt k`bmsnr+ kê" Nk ec irswtrc" Zasrpsan í` 1 G„cwt z`wbare`k í` ! G„cwt psn ksn+ kê 1 Nk oant z`w d„`kgaak gaeecnk rcwznrc" G„cwt z`w sb Ir`bí`nw" ¸Gck` ksn zawcr` d„`st`bt zksw zraokæec psc yasw wcrc|zraes ê wab r`bm psckpscw eanw `zræw yatrc `rrnyîc+ gcpsn ksn icr` rcdastcr dc bc zksw zasyanr `mnr ê wab mrî+

`s rnwpsc d„ìtrc cvènbî ct rcenw cb zk`gc z`r sb t~zc`s gaezartcecbt traz zcs kîmcr+ psn `wznrc+ dcwsrgraât+ ê zramrcwwcr 8 ksn ôt`bt dîinbntnycecbt tastcwzanr dc rczrcbdrc wab zawtc dc or`w drant" Nk yasdr`dabg tast w`yanr wsr yasw+ ìnb dc w`yanr gaeecbt yaswòardcr+ gaeecbt yasw ecttrc d`bw w` zagfc" Zasr

w`yanr wn yasw tr`âbc| dcw g`wwcrakcw gaeec ksn+ w„nkzcst yasw dnwgrîdntcr `sv ~csv ds z`trab+ zasr w`yanrgc ps„nk dant gr`nbdrc dc yasw ct gc ps„nk zcst tnrcr dcyasw+ nk nr` iasnbcr d`bw yatrc ync zrnyîc cb `kk`bttr`âbcr d`bw kcw o`rw dc Mbab ct dc _ambab+ zasrdîgasyrnr k` Yîrntî rîyîkîc d`bw kc mawncr d„sbc y`rnîtî

dc Maskatw ‗ okattnw kcw sbw gabtrc kcw `strcw cb



4>

w„ciir`~`bt as wc wg`bd`knw`bt dc gc psc iabt kcw sbwct kcw `strcw+ dc gc psn wc z`wwc `nkkcsrw psc d`bw kcsr

tras dc gsk tcrrntarn`k ‗ 8 kcw _arambn`nw < ¨ L„`n sbgakkæmsc+ kê+ nk fòntc d`bw kc ganb" Yasw kc gabb`nw%wc| 1 ¸ ¨ Nk z`nc lè`nw sb ycrrc+ ksn+ fcnb !1 ¸ ¨ G„cwtz`w sb Ir`bí`nw+ gc t~zc" Nk w„cbikèec z`w wzabt`bî%ecbt dcy`bt sbc oastcnkkc d„`kgaak" ¸ &Gc b„cwt z`w sbikèocsr+ nk bc ynt z`w ê grîdnt cb cezrsbt`bt `szræwdcw sbw ct dcw `strcw+ nk bc kægfc z`w dcw maskatw`b`sv+ nk b„`gfætc z`w dcw ¨ znwtabw ¸+ bn wcw èntnîw bnwcw rck`tnabw… dabg nk wcr` lè`nw bn îkcgtcsr bn zakn%tngncb". Ct gc ps„`srabt yaen kcw r`gnwtcw+ l`kaswcw+irswtrîcw+ `nmrncw+ f`nbcswcw gfnsrcw dc zst`nb+ nk wcicr` sb zk`nwnr dc kc r`zzartcr" Ckkcw bc ksn `srabt z`wdce`bdî < ¨ E`nw tan+ cwt%gc psc ts ksn ` z`~î sb

ycrrc 1 zasr dabbcr k„cvcezkc" ¸ Psc bab ! Ckkcwzraintcrabt dc k„agg`wnab psn kcsr `sr` îtî dabbîc zasryasw gr`gfcr dcwwsw < ¨ Cf bab ! G„cwt z`w sb Ir`bí`nwksn ! G„cwt sb eîtæpsc ! G„cwt XgcgnU+ g„cwt XgckÙ+mb`mb`mb````csf+ mrrr```fff+ zrrrrastt+ occcsrrrfff+mrrraaasssfffacsfff" ¸

Ct yankê k„cezka~csr psn yasw ycrr` dîware`nw gaeeckcw rîzsmb`btcw _`wg`wwcw yasw `srabt dîgrn < gaeecckkcw yasw ya~`ncbt nk ~ ` 73 `bw+ ps`bd ckkcw yasw`y`ncbt wasw kc bc| z`rgc psc g„cwt kê psc yasw fòntnc|&ê dnv `bw+ kcw Ir`bí`nw nentcbt yakabtncrw kcsrwz`rcbtw psn isecbt ct w„`kgaaknwcbt cb tastc agg`wnab+

ct nkw `ttcbdcbt psc yasw cb i`wwnc| `st`bt cb kcsr



3:

gaez`mbnc+ dæw k„ïmc dc dnv `bw." Nk wsiint dc dnrc gcpsn cwt gabiarec `sv ` zrnarn wsr yasw zasr psc

zcrwabbc bc dastc dc gc psn wcr` dnt wsr yasw" Zcr%wabbc bc yasw dce`bdcr` dc gabinrecr as d„nbinrecrz`rgc ps„ab bc w„`ttcbd z`w ê cbtcbdrc k` yîrntî dc kòasgfc d„sb `ggswî" Ct yasw bc wcrc| zksw cb adcsr dcw`nbtctî+ ct yatrc g`rrnærc wcr` ornwîc+ ct d`bw tastgc psc yasw wcrc|+ icrc|+ eabtrcrc|+ ab gfcrgfcr` êyanr k` gabinre`tnab dc gc psn `sr` îtî dnt dc yasw ‗z`r kcw w`kazcrncw `kgaaknpscw ‗"Ct `karw+ ab yasw cbtr`âbcr` d`bw sb o`r zasr yîrnincrwn yasw rciswc|+ z`r zrnbgnzc+ z`r `btnz`tfnc+ z`r`y`rngc+ dc z`~cr sbc tasrbîc+ as oncb wn sbc `strcr`nwab cvzknpsc kc i`nt psc yasw b„ìtcw z`w `ttnrîw z`rkcw yaenwwanrw ê r`mat" Ct yasw kc ycrrc|+ k„nbiïec swsr%

z`tcsr+ kc dnwtnkkî `bsw osgg`k+ kc tèzab `kgaaknpsc+ lasnr `ycg dîkcgt`tnab+ `st`bt dc yasw `yanr i`nt¨ gr`gfcr ¸ psc dc k` marmîc d„`kgaak psn g`rcwwcr` wòasgfc `y`bt dc ik`ttcr wab mawncr 8 ê yasw dce`bdcrw„nk bc wcr` z`w cb tr`nb dc wc i`nrc wsgcr kc mk`bd`y`bt dc wc i`nrc `wznrcr k` fèzc < Wgfiww+ kc mk`bd…

mkasg+ k` fèzc" Wgfiww+ kc mk`bd… mkasg+ k` fèzc"Daenbnpsc E„è|ct cwt sb ecbtcsr+ sb e`masnkkcsr+ sb`kgaaknpsc inkw dc zstc ct d„`kgaaknpsc 8 inkw dc zstc+g„cwt z`w wør+ e`nw wn kcw zrawtntsîcw wabt wasycbtd„`bgncbbcw ynakîcw &zrîtcbdcbt kcw iîenbnwtcw.+ k`zst`wwcrnc yncbt d„`nkkcsrw+ ct ckkc wceokc garrîkîc ê

dcw zrazcbwnabw gaeec k„`kgaaknwec" Nk bc irîpscbtc



30

z`w kcw zrawtntsîcw+ nk cwt tckkcecbt neonoî d„`kgaakps„nk bc o`bdc zksw+ e`nw í` bc k„cezìgfcr` z`w dc yasw

¨ cbgskcr ¸+ cb gr`gf`bt wsr yatrc daw k` o`yc mckîcdcw _`wg`wwcw dc k` Y`wc+ iabdw dc o`wwnbw dc rîtcb%tnab+ r`gnwtcw inkw dc zstc ê k` k`bmsc dc zstc+ enbòkcwrclctabw bawt`kmnpscw ds tcezw aþ nkw zasy`ncbt zrain%tcr+ zasr wc mr`bdnr+ wc mabikcr kc tarwc ct wc z`y`bcrtìtc f`stc+ dc gc psc kcw i`nwcsrw dc Ir`bgc îkòa%r`ncbt `s bae dc k` Ir`bgc+ csv psn wabt dcycbsw dcwi`íabbncrw psn b„abt zksw ocwanb dc lascr k„sbntîb`tnab`kc z`rgc ps„nkw abt `ggæw ê k` e`nb d„acsyrc ct`sv e`tnærcw zrcenærcw ds eabdc cbtncr" Ps`bd yasw`src| ìi`nrc ê gc mcbrc d„`kgaaknpsc+ yasw wcrc| cbgknbê z`rt`mcr k„aznbnab asycrtcecbt cvzrneîc d„sb iare`%tcsr ‗ psn b„cwt zw~gfakamnpscecbt z`w `s gk`nr `ycg

ksn%eìec ct kcw `strcw ‗ < ¨ Kcw `kgaaknpscw+ i`sdr`ntkcw ostcr" ¸ Ct kcw _`wg`wwcw+ `swwn 8 csv ct kcsrwiceckkcw tast `swwn zrîfnwtarnpscw" E`nw cb wsonww`btkcw eìecw nbdnwgrîtnabw dîk`trngcw dc… gaeecbt g„cwtwab bae dîlê… G`bt`tc+ Psnbta+ Psnbt`k+ Psnbt`kct+Psnbt`dck`nd… sb gfncb rcbnikcsr d„`bsw+ cb i`nt !"""

yasw gabwt`tcrc| psc k` zst`wwcrnc b„cwt z`w k„`z`b`mcdcw `kgaaknpscw+ psn wabt+ cb ps`kntî ct cb dîi`st+gaeec b„nezartc psn" Lsdîa%zît`wwcrnc+ nwkèa%zît`wwcrnc+ gfrnwtn`ba%zît`wwcrnc wabt sbnycrwckkcecbtrîz`bdscw" Ct nkw wabt baeorcsv+ gcsv ps„nk i`sdr`ntostcr zasr rcbdrc kc eabdc `mrîòkc ê ynyrc"



3?

Nk ~ ` kcw `kgaaknpscw ct kcsrw zragîdîw gaeec nk ~ `gcksn psn ycst tast w`yanr dc yasw &psn ycst psc yasw ksn

eabtrnc| yatrc gsk+ cb waeec.+ zasr zasyanr yasw¨ o`nwcr ¸ wn ocwanb wc i`nt wcbtnr zasr ksn+ as cbgarcgcksn psn ycst yasw gabiarecr ê wcw dîwnrw ct ê wcwocwanbw+ ct rîmbcr cb e`âtrc wsr yasw gaeec wsr kcw`strcw" Cb waeec+ nk ~ ` sb mraw z`psct d„`bne`svfse`nbw dabt kc gaezartcecbt+ k` ecbt`kntî+ kcw zrî%tcbtnabw+ kcw zrazaw+ kcw i`ntw ct mcwtcw+ rckæycbt dc kòcwtn`kntî+ dc k` zcrycrwntî+ ps`bt gc b„cwt z`w dck„cwzrnt dîeabn`psc &wn l„ît`nw gra~`bt ê k` eadc onokn%psc+ lc z`rkcr`nw d„cwzrnt w`t`bnpsc."K` zst`wwcrnc zksw as eanbw ocwtn`kc wîynt z`rtast+d`bw gc eabdc dc zstcw ct dc oìtcw" E`nw zcst%ìtrcìtcw%yasw ycbsw cb Ir`bgc z`rgc ps„cb t`bt psc gf`%

zabw yasw `nec| yasw i`nrc cbinkcr dcw mk`bdw z`r dcwzstcw" T`bt encsv+ z`rgc psc gc wcr` yatrc kat psa%tndncb cb Ir`bgc+ gf`psc ianw psc yasw b„`src| z`wìi`nrc ê sbc wsgcswc dc ontc estnkîc psn easnkkc ê k`wcskc ysc d„sb Gaszî ê sbc zartc+ as oncb ê sb Ir`bí`nwpsn w„îycrtsc ê fabarcr sbc gfrîtncbtî psn wc ycst

gf`rntòkc04

" @st`bt yasw kc dnrc gk`nrcecbt < kc g`tfa% 04 Gcrt`nbw Ir`bí`nw wc grancbt tckkcecbt wsr k` yanc dc k` dnynbntîz`r kcsr rcknmnab ps„nkw grancbt zasyanr daecwtnpscr ct ecttrc wsr kèìec yanc gcsv psn wabt dcw oìtcw dîeabn`pscw psn ecttcbt kcweatw dcw rcknmnabw d`bw kcsr oasgfc zasr kcsrrcr kcw b`áiw+ `karw

ps„nkw bc wabt `bneîw psc d„sb cwzrnt dîeabn`psc dc Zasyanr+ dcgabpsìtc+ dc g`zt`tnab+ dc zawwcwwnab+ dc dcwtrsgtnab"



37

kngnwec zcrd ds tcrr`nb cb Ir`bgc+ rcezk`gî z`r kc lsdîa%zratcwt`btnwec cb ostc `ycg wab dîeab nwk`%

enpsc 8 as dnt `strcecbt+ rcezk`gî z`r ds eìncsvcwgk`y`mnwec zrîd`tcsr ‗ `wwseî ‗" Wn yasw yaskc| yaswknc| d„èntnî `ycg kcw ìiòkcw Gfrîtncbw cb zcrdntnabe`rgf`bt oî`tcecbt wsr k„c`s ds dîksmc psn banc kÌr`bgc+ yasw gabb`âtrc| kc rcwzcgt estsck+ e`nw yaswinbnrc| îgr`wîw gaeec csv+ gaeec tastcw kcw oabbcwïecw" Wn yasw yasw wasecttc| `sv i`wgnwtcw bîa%arncbt`sv+ yasw zasrrc| zcst%ìtrc yasw cb wartnr 8zf~wnpscecbt &k„ïec cb eanbw." Ct wn yasw yasw k`nwwc|ik`ttcr z`r kcw zst`wwnærcw wsgcswcw dc gnrgabgnw03+yasw dcyncbdrc| dcw zstcw gaeec ckkcw 8 dcw zstcw psck` Ir`bgc knyrc `sv sbw ct `sv `strcw+ wsny`bt wcwnbtîrìtw ‗ îgabaenpscw+ mîazakntnpscw as inb`bgncrw ‗"

Bc yasw ~ traezc| z`w < gcrt`nbcw iceecw gasgfcbt`ycg dcw E`mfrîonbw ‗ daecwtnpsîw ‗+ e`nw ckkcw

Wn tast kc eabdc ` sbc `zz`rcbgc zksw as eanbw fse`nbc+ tast kceabdc b„cwt z`w `bneî ds eìec cwzrnt" Gcrt`nbw wabt `bneîw d„sbcwzrnt dîeabn`psc 8 ocwtn`k+ zcrycrw+ gc psn bc wnmbninc z`w

¨ wtszndc "03 Kcw dîka~`kcw Ir`bí`nwcw nbtîrcwwîcw+ tckkcecbt irnmndcw ctwcvsckkcecbt irswtrîcw ps„ckkcw wc y`strcr`ncbt `ycg dcw wnbmcw wnab e~wtnin`nt k` |aazfnknc" Dc oabbcw z`trnatcw psc yankê+ z`w dcdastc" Kc mcbrc dc iceckkcw psn wc y`str`ncbt `ycg kcw b`|nw+ babzasr wsrynyrc+ gabtr`nbtcw ct iargîcw+ e`nw zasr w„cbrngfnr `sgabt`gt dcw daenb`btw" Wsgcswcw dc gnrgabgnw psn w„cb dîtasrbc%

r`ncbt zasr `kkcr wsgcr kcw Cvtr`%tcrrcwtrcw+ w„nkw cby`fnww`ncbt k`Tcrrc"



34

b„`necbt z`w kcw E`mfrîonbw+ dabt ckkcw eîincbt gaeecdcw `bne`sv bab daecwtnpscw 8 dcw iceecw psn yatcbt

eìec Cvtrìec%drantc" Ckkcw abt zasr faeakamscw kcwt~zcw psn gasgfcbt `ycg kcsr daecwtnpsc ps„nkw eîzrn%wcbt+ wsr k`psckkc nkw gr`gfcbt `ycg k„îl`gsk`tnab+ rclc%t`bt `nbwn wsr ckkc kc tart d„îycnkkcr cb csv k` ocwtn`kntîwcvsckkc ps„nkw rciaskcbt ds f`st dc kcsr gk`wwc wagn`kcîkcyîc &dc kcsr arnmnbc ctfbnpsc wszîrncsrc." Kcsr`bne`kntî zrcbd kc dcwwsw+ ct `s%dcwwsw dc kcsr `bne`%kntî nk ~ ` kcsr y`bntî+ kcsr wt`tst wagn`k+ kcsr `zz`rcbgcê w`sycm`rdcr" Tast gck` zradsnt sbc wnts`tnab z`r`%dav`kc" Gf`wwc| gcttc `bne`kntî psc lc w`sr`nw yanr !Zasr d„`strcw+ kc r`zzragfcecbt cwt wtr`tîmnpsc+ gîrî%or`k+ zksw ps„`bne`k < gcrt`nbw w„îkanmbcbt dc gcsv ps„nkwgr`nmbcbt+ d„`strcw w„cb r`zzragfcbt cb gabwndîr`bt

ps„nk y`st encsv i`nrc dc i`sv ènw dc wcw yr`nw cbbc%enw 8 bc wcr`nt%gc ps„cb z`rt`mc`bt `ycg csv dcwr`matw dc onwtrat"&Dcw zcrwabbcw ecttcbt cb acsyrc dcw gfawcw ‗ gaeecdcw eadcw dc ync ‗ psn kcsr garrcwzabdcbt dc tast kcsrìtrc+ ct zsnw d„`strcw zcrwabbcw+ tat`kcecbt dniiî%

rcbtcw+ wc ecttcbt ê kcw nentcr 8 kcw sbcw ynycbt sbdcwtnb+ kcw `strcw bab" K` zksz`rt dcw mcbw wabt `nbwn <dcw zcrwabbcw ksornpscw psn wabt `ggskîcw ê sbc yncgf`wtc+ dcw z`rycbsw psn nentcbt kcw `rnwtagr`tcw+ dcw`rtnwtcw psn eæbcbt sbc ync dc oasrmcanw+ dcw rswtrcwpsn m`mbcbt ê sbc katcrnc ct psn+ z`r kcsr iartsbc `nbwn

i`ntc+ wc rctrasycbt `denw d`bw kcw kncsv dc ync dcw



33

mcbw rìinbîw… Kcw mcbw wc grîcbt sb zcrwabb`mc+wasycbt ê z`rtnr dc zcrwabb`mcw zsokngw e~tfninîw 8

zcrwabb`mc dc W`nbtc ‗ psn g`gfc sbc zcrycrwc ‗+ dcdsr ‗ psn g`gfc sb t~zc nee`tsrc+ nbi`btnkc dcy`bt wìceec+ wab crw`t| dc eærc ‗ + wn gc b„cwt kc zcrwab%b`mc dc k„îgrny`nb eabd`nb as ds eswngncb rcockkc asmîbn`k bîgcww`nrcecbt ycrwî d`bw k„`kgaak+ k` dramsc ctkc wcvc… oncb psc k„ab zsnwwc ìtrc rîyakstnabb`nrc+ksornpsc+ nbycbtni+ dîyn`bt as ornm`bd+ d`bw sbc `zz`%rcbgc waorc &gaeecbt kc dîeabtrcbt k` e`wwc dcwmcbw gabycbtnabbckw cb `zz`rcbgc+ e`nw grî`tniw+ nbmî%bncsv+ zcrycrw+ grnenbckw as dîyn`btw wcvsckw cb zrn%yîc." Nk zcst ~ `yanr sb træw mr`bd îg`rt cbtrc gc psckcw mcbw wabt nbtnececbt ct gc ps„nkw wabt zsokn%pscecbt+ gc psc kc eabdc ` i`nt d„csv ct gc psc kcsr

b`tsrc dcy`nt i`nrc d„csv &nk cb cwt psn wabt gaeec sbcmr`nbc psn bc zcst mcrecr z`rgc ps„ckkc b„` z`w îtîzk`btîc aþ nk i`kk`nt 8 ckkc ynyr` `karw sbc ync yîmît`tnyc+bab z`w k` zkcnbc ync ps„ckkc `sr`nt yîgsc cb `~`bt zsmcrecr."Dc e`bnærc zksw wszcringnckkc+ nk wsiint dc yanr ê psan

rcwwceokcbt kcw mcbw+ yìtsw dc yìtcecbtw gabísw z`rd„`strcw < nkw rcwwceokcbt ê dcw zrnentniw òswnycecbtz`rîw dc k` eadc ycwtnecbt`nrc dcw z`~w `y`bgîw 8 nkwrcwwceokcbt ê dcw wnbmcw as dcw gfncbw ìisokîw dcwyìtcecbtw d„fse`nbw" Nkw w„nbiknmcbt dcw zcrí`mcw asdcw t`tas`mcw psn kcw iabt rcwwceokcr ê psckpsc gfawc

psn bc kcsr rcwwceokc z`w" Kcw iceecw e`rgfcbt



39

wasycbt `ycg dcw gf`swwsrcw psn kcw cezìgfcbt dce`rgfcr garrcgtcecbt 8 e`nw ckkcw wabt ê k` eadc+ ct

wn oncb zartîcw z`r kcw e`bbcpsnbw wsr z`zncr mk`gî+wasw sb îgk`nr`mc wazfnwtnpsî+ `ycg sb e`psnkk`mc zra%icwwnabbck ct sbc enwc cb wgæbc abnrnpsc" Kcw mcbw dcwagnîtî zartcbt wasycbt dcw yìtcecbtw psn bc kcsrwnîcbt z`w+ psn kcw i`nt rcwwceokcr ê gc ps„nkw bc wabtz`w+ e`nw psc k` eadc as kcsr ync ‗ zraicwwnabbckkc ‗kcsr nezawc 8 tast gaeec nkw tncbbcbt dcw dnwgasrw ct`daztcbt dcw `ttntsdcw psn bc kcsr garrcwzabdcbt z`w+e`nw psc dcw gnrgabwt`bgcw kcsr nezawcbt" Gck` zradsntdcw nbgafîrcbgcw+ dcw òcrr`tnabw+ dcw z`r`davcw".

Lc zasrr`nw yasw cb r`gabtcr+ cbgarc ct cbgarc 8gaeec yasw%eìecw kc zasrrnc|" G„cwt nbstnkc+ yaswycrrc| tast gck` z`r yasw%eìecw+ `ycg sb zcs d„`ttcb%tnab" Wn kcw @eîrng`nbw `wcztnwîw trasycbt psc kcwIr`bí`nw wcbtcbt sb zcs traz k` tr`bwznr`tnab+ gc pscyasw wcbtnrc|+ yasw+ g„cwt sbc cwzægc dc rckcbt nbtcwtn%

b`k gaeec kc zct gabtcbs d„sb gf`ramb`rd psn dnwwneskcgc ps„nk cwt… k„ciiksyc orsb%banr ds r`gnwec sbnycrwck"Ngn gaeec `nkkcsrw+ g„cwt k` lsbmkc+ k` oraswwc+ kc |aa 8z`w dc zntnî+ z`w dc g`dc`s+ lswtc dc k` f`nbc+ dseîzrnw+ dc k` dîin`bgc" Tast cvzkantcr ê wab `y`bt`mcct îknenbcr kcw rny`sv+ tck cwt kc grcda d„ngn gaeec

d„`nkkcsrw+ `ycg as w`bw e`bnærcw" Ct wn kîm`kcecbt tasw



3=

kcw gaszw bc wabt z`w zcrenw &_îzsoknpsc i`btagfcaoknmc.+ aiingncswcecbt+ cb dasgc tasw kcw gaszw kc

wabt &_îzsoknpsc i`btagfc aoknmc." K„ne`mc ik`ttcswc asmkarncswc psc k` wagnîtî yasw eabtrc d„ckkc zasr yasw`ycsmkcr+ yasw traezcr+ yasw `knîbcr+ ct yasw `gpsîrnrê wab eadækc zrawtntstnabbck dc eærc e`pscrckkc+ g„cwtkc o`bdc`s banr zk`gî wsr kcw ~csv ds gabdèbî psn y`ìtrc iswnkkî+ g„cwt k` e`nb oncbycnkk`btc psn wc zk`gcdcy`bt kcw ~csv d„sb m`ríab zasr ps„nk bc want z`w îzas%y`btî ct tr`se`tnwî z`r k` ynwnab dc wab wcvc cb tr`nbd„ìtrc gnrgabgnw+ g„cwt kc dr`z psn e`wpsc kc ycbtrcasycrt ê k` iceec psn `ggasgfc z`r gîw`rncbbc"Wn ab ectt`nt wsr k` zk`gc zsoknpsc tast gc psn wc trècd`bw k` Ir`bgc d„cb o`w gaeec d`bw gckkc d„cb f`st+ dcm`wtrabaenpsc z`~w tasrnwtnpsc+ k` Ir`bgc `zz`r`âtr`nt

gaeec sb zat dc gfèorc d`bw sbc gsnwnbc+ sbyaenwwanr+ sbc dîgf`rmc dc gf`rambcw w`bmsnbakcbtcwe`rnb`bt d`bw sbc iawwc wcztnpsc+ sb rè`wwnw dc gabwzcrindcw+ sb è`w dc k`bmscw dc zstc cb mckîc 8 gaeec`ycg ckkc kc eabdc cbtncr &nk b„~ ` z`w d„cvgcztnabgsktsrckkc ir`bí`nwc cb gc dae`nbc 8 nk ~ ` kc zrazrc ct

nk ~ ` kc w`kc+ dc k` Ir`bgc ct dcw Ir`bí`nw." G„cwt ê wcdce`bdcr gc psn cwt kc zksw ynt`k `sv fse`nbw < k„c`s+ k`yn`bdc+ kc wcvc+ as kcw z`risew 8 zcst%ìtrc kcw e`w%pscw+ kcw g`maskcw+ kcw fòntw dc eanbc" Ct yasw+ nk i`styr`necbt psc gc want k` ecrdc gfc| yasw zasr psc yaswycbnc| yasw iastrc d`bw k` ecrdc ngn ‗ cb ycb`bt ~

iastrc k` ecrdc ‗" Gc b„cwt z`w k` eìec ecrdc+ e`nw



36

g„cwt dc k` ecrdc ps`bd eìec" Ct psckkc ecrdc ! Yaswbc e`bmc| z`w dc gagfab e`nw yasw bc rcgskc| z`w

dcy`bt ds w`bmkncr"Ir`bgfcecbt+ wn yasw gfcrgfc| rîckkcecbt sb cezkan êtast zrnv+ ct bab sb oab zk`b `wwnwt`b`t+ bc z`wwc| z`wz`r k„@mcbgc b`tnab`kc zasr k„cezkan+ z`wwc| z`r kcwinknærcw kag`kcw dc tr`y`nk gk`bdcwtnb 8 gck` yasw îyntcr`dc wsonr kcw eîdnw`bgcw+ kcw l`kaswncw+ kcw zcrindncwdcw Ir`bí`nw dc k` Y`wc psn ksttcbt zasr kcsr wsrync aspsn gr`nmbcbt dc taeocr zksw o`w ps„csv%eìecw" G„cwtzasr gck` psc yasw ìtcw `starnwîw ê ycbnr ngn+ wørcecbtz`w z`rgc psc kcw zakntngncbw `sv ardrcw yasw `zzrî%gncbt &nkw bc yasw irîpscbtcbt z`w+ gck` ycst tast dnrc+e`nw csv bc wabt rncb w`bw gcsv psn zradsnwcbt dc k`rngfcwwc+ rncb w`bw gcsv psn kcsr zcrecttcbt dc

tasgfcr kcsr w`k`nrc ct dc i`nrc g`rrnærc. 8 zasr pscyasw yasw arncbtc| ycrw kcw trasw ê r`tw < zasr wcrynrdc e`nb d„acsyrc `sv wcgtcsrw ds OTZ+ dc k„cezkandaecwtnpsc+ dc k` rcwt`sr`tnab+ dc k„`mrngsktsrc+ dc k`gabicgtnab+ ctg"Wn yasw dcycbc| cezka~òkcw d`bw kc gnrgsnt aiingnck dc

k„cezkan+ yasw dcyrc| ìirabtcr kcw mraw _`tw ok`bgw+r`gnwtcw &faeazfaocw+ ct enwam~bcw ps`bd kc iîen%bnwec trnaezf`bt bc kcsr icrec z`w k` mscskc.+ psn yaswyancbt ycbnr d„sb træw e`sy`nw acnk" Nkw wabt z`rtast+ nkwwartcbt dc kcsrw trasw+ kcw _`tw ok`bgw+ ds Bard ct dsWsd+ orsbw ct okabdw+ ê ecwsrc psc kc z`~w wc dîkòrc

ct psc kcw neeabdngcw tr`âbcbt d`bw kcw rscw" Kc



3>

gfôe`mc ct k` i`ne kcw i`nt wartnr dc kcsr rctr`b%gfcecbt+ t`kabbîw z`r gcsv psn wabt bn `s gfôe`mc bn

ìièî+ e`nw psn rcdastcbt dc k„ìtrc"Yasw zasrrc| kc gabwt`tcr z`r yasw%eìecw+ ct yasw kcdnrc cbtrc yasw < nkw wabt z`rtast+ gcw zctntw r`gnwtcwdc o`wc+ psn icrecbtcbt `s iabd dc k` Ir`bgc+ wasw sbcgasgfc dc mr`nwwc r`bgc" G`r g„cwt oncbtôt tast gcps„nkw `srabt zasr w„cbmr`nwwcr < sbc e`sy`nwc fcrocmr`wwc zakksîc+ dc k` e`sy`nwc y`gfc mr`wwc mabikîc êk„c`s w`kîc" Ct csv wc dnwcbt z`rcnkkcecbt psc yasw ìtcwz`rtast+ kcw _`tw e`rrab ct banrw psn wabt wartnw dckcsrw îmastw dc z`~w zasr ycbnr i`nrc kcw zasockkcw cbIr`bgc" Nk rcwtc zcs dc _`tw ok`bgw w`sy`mcw+ k`zksz`rt wabt dîware`nw dcw _`tw ok`bgw dc kòar`tanrcgaweîtnpsc as zf`re`gcstnpsc+ bîw nb yntra d`bw kc

oag`k `wcztnwî d„sbc Ir`bgc sro`bnwîc+ zakngîc cttargfîc `s z`zncr eabb`nc" Nk kcsr i`sdr` cbgarc sbzcs dc tcezw zasr rcdcycbnr dcw _`tw w`sy`mcw gaeecyasw 8 csv `swwn dcyrabt wsnyrc sbc iare`tnab ‗ dcrsc ‗ zasr rcdcycbnr gaeec yasw" Ct ps`bd gc wcrì`nt+ gsktsrc èîrng`nbc ct arncbt`kc ê k„`zzsn+ yasw

zasrrc| yasw ¨ irntcr ¸+ gaeec d`bw sb lcs yndîa+ `ycgas w`bw dnzkôec+ zasr kc zksw mr`bd zk`nwnr dc gcsv psnyasw abt i`nt ycbnr ngn"

@ zrazaw d„ ¨ `tckncr e`gfnb ct gfawc ¸+ lc bc w`sr`nwpsc yasw rcgaee`bdcr dc bc z`w yasw knyrcr `sv



9:

zw~gfakamscw ct ê kcsrw tcwtw zw~gfaz„tngabzw~gfa%tcgfbnpscw 8 g`r bab wcskcecbt kc gr~zt`mc dcw

dabbîcw zcrwabbckkcw b„cwt z`w cbtrî d`bw kcw eacsrw+e`nw cb zksw+ `zzartcr dc k„c`s `s easknb dcw eîdnw`btwzcst ìtrc dîknoîrî as tcbt`bt zasr kcw w~ez`tfnw`btwdc k„ndîakamnc ¨ `btn%yasw ¸" Tast gc psc yasw kcsr dnrc|zasrr` ìtrc rctasrbî gabtrc yasw 8 `swwn `badnb psc gcwant &g`r k` e`kngc cwt zcrycrwc ct w`bw knentcw+ ckkcrcbd e`kngncsv tast gc ps„ckkc tasgfc+ ê tr`ycrw ckkctast `zz`r`ât wasw kcw tr`ntw d„sbc e`kngc+ eìec gc psnbc k„cwt z`w." Sb wnezkc ps`kning`tni zasr yasw dîwnmbcr+gaeec ¨ îeatni ¸+ zcst wc tr`dsnrc z`r < ¨ @ ds e`k êgabtrôkcr wcw îeatnabw" Bc wszzartc z`w kcw grntnpscw"E`bpsc dc ynrnkntî" W„îecst zasr sb rncb Xeìec wn gc¨ rncb ¸ rckæyc ds f`rgækcecbt+ dc k„nbtnend`tnab+ dcw

ecb`gcw+ dc k„fsenkn`tnab+ ds rczragfc zcre`bcbt+ dck` f`nbc r`gn`kcU" ¸ Bc kcw zrcbc| z`w zasr dcwgknbngncbbcw `ztcw ê yasw `ndcr zw~gfakamnpscecbt+ gcwabt dcw tcgfbngncbbcw dc k` zw~gfakamnc psn tr`ntcbtk„nbiare`tnab gaeec kc i`nt sbc e`gfnbc+ wckab sbcmrnkkc dc kcgtsrc zrîdîinbnc 8 dcw `mcbtw `denbnwtr`tniw

psn w„aggszcbt dcw pscwtnabw dc zw~gfakamnc gaeecd„`strcw w„aggszcbt dc k` gaeztònkntî &gc psn wnmbnincpsc d`bw sb rîmnec `rontr`nrc+ tasw gcsv psn tr`y`nk%kcbt d`bw kc dae`nbc ¨ zw~ ¸ wcrabt gf`rmîw dc dîtcg%tcr zasr i`nrc îknenbcr gcsv psn bc wabt z`w `knîbîw `sW~wtæec." Ckkcw wabt ê k` zw~gfakamnc gc psc kcw

`wtrakamscw wabt `sv zrîdngtnabw `wtrakamnpscw < dcw



90

zabdcswcw d„`b`k~wcw zrîgabíscw `wwnwtîcw z`r ardn%b`tcsr" Nk bc w`sr`nt cb ìtrc `strcecbt d`bw kc tcezw

psn kcsr cwt nez`rtn 8 kc tr`y`nk ê k` gf`âbc w„cwt îtcbdsê tasw kcw dae`nbcw" Zrsdcbgc+ eîin`bgc" Kcw wasrnrcw+kcw ynw`mcw i`rdîw ct kcw tcbscw gapscttcw wabt dcwm`mcw dc rncb" Gc wabt kcw zartc%z`rakc dc k` zakntnpscds eaecbt+ dc k` tcbd`bgc gsktsrckkc daenb`btc+ yanrcdc easy`bgcw wcgt`nrcw nbinktrîcw psn nezawcbt kcsrweîtfadcw" Gc wabt bn dcw îrsdntcw+ bn dcw w`mcw+ bn dcwgabwcnkw+ e`nw dcw cezka~îcw psn iabt gc ps„ab kcsr dntdc i`nrc+ psn dnwcbt gc ps„ab kcsr dnt dc dnrc" Wcskwkcsrw gabyngtnabw nbtnecw+ kcsr cbm`mcecbt zcrwabbck+kcsr fse`bntî nbtrnbwæpsc icrabt tastc k` dniiîrcbgccbtrc kcw cezka~îcw dc osrc`s zksw as eanbw g`rrnî%rnwtcw ct tcgfbagr`tcw+ ct kcw fse`bnwtcw psn zasr%

r`ncbt wnbgærcecbt ìtrc dc oabw gabwcnkw &gck` y`stzasr tasw kcw `gtcsrw dc k` wagnîtî."G„cwt dc k` zw~gfakamnc ê k` kasgfc+ gaeec gckkc ¨ dcyaw dcsv ¸+ `swwn zkcnbc d„` zrnarn psc kc gcryc`srcztnkncb dcw r`gnwtcw dc o`wc zasr psn yasw ìtcw dcwir`sdcsrw psn bc ycskcbt z`w tr`y`nkkcr+ dcw g`kgsk`%

tcsrw psn gamntcbt gaeecbt oîbîingncr d„sb e`vnesedc drantw wagn`sv cb w„`wtrcnmb`bt ê sb enbnese dcdcyanrw gnynpscw" Gck` i`nt z`rtnc dcw dnwzawntnabwzrnwcw zasr w`yanr psn yasw ìtcw+ gaeecbt kcw iare`%tcsrw danycbt yasw `zzrîfcbdcr+ z`rgc psc gc b„cwt z`wnbdnpsî wsr kcw ynw`mcw as kcw fòntw+ wsrtast ps`bd ab



9?

bc w`nt zksw psn cwt psn d`bw kc iastanr eabdn`knwtc psckcw dîr`bmîw basw nezawcbt"

Ct gc b„cwt psc kc dîost ds gaeecbgcecbt" Zasr yaswdabbcr sbc ndîc dc gc psn yasw `ttcbd+ yasw ct basw+ ngnct e`nbtcb`bt gaeec z`rtast ct d`bw kc istsr+ bcwa~c| z`w îtabbîw wn sb f~zcre`rgfî yasw dce`bdcyatrc bae+ yatrc zrîbae+ yatrc `drcwwc+ karwpsc yaswi`ntcw sbc rîgkè`tnab zasr sbc dcw nbbaeoròkcwcrrcsrw wsr kcw zrnv ìingfîw < ¨ G„cwt… csf… zasrk„ardnb`tcsr ¸+ zasrr`nt yasw rîzabdrc k„cezka~îc+ d„sbwasrnrc mìbî" Bc wa~c| z`w nbtrnmsîw" Karwpsc yaswicrc| dcw `gf`tw+ dc tast ct dc b„nezartc psan+ was%ycbt ab yasw dce`bdcr`+ zasr cb nbiarecr sb tcrenb`kdc w`nwnc+ yaw bae+ zrîbae+ `drcwwc+ bseîra dc tîkî%zfabc+ wnts`tnab iènkn`kc+ t`nkkc dc k` ontc+ dnèætrc dc

k„`bsw… G„cwt bare`k+ yasw ìtcw d`bw sb z`~w eadcrbc+osrc`sgr`tnpsc+ nbiare`tnwî+ tcgfbakamnpscecbt dîyc%kazzî" Ab ingfc+ ab gk`wwc+ ab `rgfnyc+ ab rîzcrtarnc+ab rcgcbwc+ ab granwc+ ab `b`k~wc" Ab bc k`nwwc rncbz`wwcr+ w`si kcw mraw trìnps`btw dc dramscw+ d„`recw+d„`rmcbt w`kc+ kcw mraw ir`sdcsrw inwg`sv+ kcw mr`bdw

gfciw eìncsv+ kcw rngfcw inkw dc… Wn yasw ìtcw sbzctnt+ ab yasw icr` wsonr oncb dcw tr`g`wwcrncw 8fnwtanrc dc yasw r`zzckcr psn wabt yaw e`âtrcw ct psneæbc k` o`rpsc" Ab yasw icr` cbtrcr dc iargc d`bw k`mr`bdc iènkkc dcw ingfîw+ tr`gîw+ wsnynw+ wsrycnkkîw+nbtcrramîw+ `swgsktîw+ gabtrôkîw+ bseîrnwîw+ zfata%

mr`zfnîw+ inkeîw… Oncbycbsc d`bw k` wagnîtî wîgsrnt`n%



97

rc dc k` wsrycnkk`bgc mîbîr`knwîc+ k` iènkkc eìncswc+k` iènkkc trno`kc+ k` iènkkc tr`dntnabbckkc `ròa%ìra%

nbda%gfnbanwc 8 cb ycrwnab eadcrbc+ îkcgtrabnpsc+ nbiar%e`tnpsc" Yasw zcbwnc| trasycr kc istsr+ yasw trasycrc|

ngn kc z`wwî" Oncbycbsc gfc| yasw+ dabg" K` iarecgf`bmc+ kc iabd dcecsrc"

D`bw gc kncs aþ yasw z`wwcrc| kc zrcencr eanw09 dc k`zwcsda rcenwc ê bnyc`s ê `mntcr yaw `btcbbcw d„cvtr`%tcrrcwtrcw zasr i`nrc kc tasr+ z`r dcrrnærc+ dc yatrcistsrc zwcsda%iènkkc tr`âtrcwwc+ yasw z`wwcrc| îm`%kcecbt kc dcrbncr eanw ê ìtrc enw `s z`rise dcwzawwnonkntîw dc kanwnrw ct dc wartncw+ gaeec yasw wcrc|

wcbwnonknwîw `sv zraokæecw d„`kgaak ct dc g`bbònw z`rsb gf`rmî dc enwwnab+ psn yasw dce`bdcr` dc r`gabtcryatrc r`zzart ê gcw wsowt`bgcw ct yaw cvzîrncbgcw cbk` e`tnærc" Yasw ya~c| aþ lc ycsv cb ycbnr 1Wa~c| `swwn bcstrcw psc zawwnokc 8 kcw Lsd` yaswîgastcbt" Kcw zksw mrawwncrw wabt `nwîw ê rczîrcr <

gcsv psn yasw iabt z`rkcr dc yatrc ync zrnyîc `ycg zksw09 Wsny`bt kc bnyc`s wgak`nrc nbntn`k+ sb zrcencr mraszc i`nt sbcrcenwc ê bnyc`s d„sbc dsrîc dc gnbp eanw 8 dabt sbc ¨ zîrnadcd„nbtîmr`tnab ¸ dc sb eanw+ gcbwîc zcrecttrc `sv `bne`sv en%fse`nbw dc w„`zzrnyanwcr estsckkcecbt cb r`gabt`bt kcsr ynczrnyîc ct cb z`rt`mc`bt ds tcezw knorc ct dcw kanwnrw" Sb wcgabd

mraszc rclanbt kc zrcencr+ zasr ps`trc eanw wszzkîecbt`nrcw" Sbcbasyckkc ¨ zîrnadc d„nbtîmr`tnab ¸ dc sb eanw cwt i`ntc cb gaeesb"



94

as eanbw d„nbwnwt`bgc wabt dcw gaeeærcw ct dcwtr`âtrcw 8 dcw ¨ bnpscsrw ¸ psn `necbt ¨ bnpscr ¸+ ds

mcbrc dcw gfciw dc gîrîeabncw armn`pscw psn cbtr`â%bcbt kcw wsnycsrw d`bw kcw ynakw ct kcw enwcw ê eart &nkwwabt `sv cvtrîenwtcw ndîakamnpscw gc psc wabt kcwwsnynwtcw dc gcw cvtrîenwtcw 8 kcw sbw rcycbdnpscbtkcsr drant dc ync ct dc eart wsr `strsn+ kcw `strcw kcdîwnrcbt w`bw `yanr kc gasr`mc d„`wwsecr gc psc gck`nezknpsc gaeec rcwzabwònkntî gakkcgtnyc ct fnwtarnpsc+dcy`bt kcw trnosb`sv ct k` eîeanrc." Gcsv psn nbwnwtcbtzasr yasw i`nrc z`rkcr dc yatrc ync zrnyîc wabt gcsvpsn ycskcbt zasyanr yasw o`nwcr" Nkw yasw iabt yaswdîwfònkkcr zasr `yanr `ggæw ê yatrc dcrrnærc" K„ndîcwceokc wnezknwtc+ zrnentnyc+ e`nw g„cwt psc kcw gaezar%tcecbtw fse`nbw kc wabt" Nk b„cwt z`w bîgcww`nrc dc

gfcrgfcr dc k` wazfnwtng`tnab d`bw kcw gaezkatw+ kcwe`bnm`bgcw+ kcw `rrnærc%zcbwîcw ct kcw zrazaw 8 sbc ynccwt r`rcecbt sb rae`b+ ct ab b„cwt z`w d`bw sb rae`bd„@m`tf` Gfrnwtnc" Nk b„~ ` mîbîr`kcecbt psc dc k`zst`wwcrnc ct dc k` ocwtn`kntî"Wn yasw `yc| cs rcgasrw ê dcw oîpsnkkcw ecbt`kcw zasr

bc z`w yasw îgfascr `s iabd dc k` ync+ wn yasw ìtcwz`rtngsknærcecbt zartîw wsr k` gabwaee`tnab dc wsow%t`bgcw zw~gfa`gtnycw+ as eìec wnezkcecbt dc gaezkî%ecbtw `knecbt`nrcw… bc kc dntcw z`w0=" K` Ir`bgc cwt

0= Psn gabwaeec dcw gaezkîecbtw `knecbt`nrcw gabwaeec dcw

dramscw" Psn rcgasrt ê k` eîdcgnbc b`tsrckkc cwt sb cbbcen dsW~wtæec" Yankê gc psc zcbwcbt kcw onb`nrcw zstcw ds W~wtæec+ ê



93

marmîc dc zstcw+ eïkcw ct iceckkcw+ psn zradsnwcbt dcwk`bmscw dc zstcw+ eïkcw ct iceckkcw" Ct tastcw gcw

zstcw bc e`bpscbt z`w sbc agg`wnab dc dîok`tîrcr wsryasw `ycg gc ps„ckkcw w`ycbt as grancbt w`yanr dc yasw 8`swwn wørcecbt ps„ckkcw wc easgfcbt+ gr`gfcbt+îl`gskcbt+ srnbcbt ct dîiæpscbt+ cb gfcrgf`bt gabtn%bsckkcecbt psckps„sb wsr psn wc easgfcr+ gr`gfcr+îl`gskcr+ srnbcr+ dîiîpscr" _ncb bc w„îgaskc encsv psckcw r`matw+ z`rgc psc z`rtast nk ~ ` dcw g`bnyc`sv ctdcw îmastw+ e`nw bskkc z`rt nk ~ ` dcw rîwc`sv zsokngw`îrncbw zasr ecttrc k„nbiare`tnab dc ps`kntî ê k`zartîc dc tasw 8 nk i`st kcycr k` tìtc+ ct gc b„cwt z`w sbeasycecbt b`tsrck gfc| k„fse`nb+ psn ` zkstôt k„fònts%dc dc rcm`rdcr ycrw kc o`w+ zasr wc yanr znwwcr+ gfncr+gazskcr+ îl`gskcr" Lc z`rkc dc k` wnts`tnab ir`bí`nwc

z`rgc ps„ab cwt ngn cb Ir`bgc+ e`nw lc yasw k`nwwc ne`mn%bcr k` wnts`tnab `nkkcsrw+ kê aþ kc wagn`knwec b„`gfætc z`wk` z`nv wagn`kc+ k„`zz`rcbtc oabbc cbtcbtc gardn`kccbtrc mcbw gnynknwîw psn w„`necbt ct psn w„`darcbt"@nbwn+ wn sbc y`msc gabb`nww`bgc yasw `zcríant `ggasdî`s gaeztanr d„sb îtòknwwcecbt dc bsnt+ ckkc wc icr` sb

e`knb zk`nwnr ê ìinrecr gc psn wcr` rîzîtî z`rtast <ps„ckkc yasw ` ys z`wwcr k` wanrîc ê yasw ¨ oasrrcr ¸ 8ct dîlê ab ycrr` cb yasw sb z`syrc t~zc psn inbnr` w`ync dcy`bt sbc oastcnkkc+ ìi`kî wsr sb gaeztanr+ nyrc

psn ab i`nt rîgntcr ¨ psn yakc sb ŗsi yakc sb oŗsi ¸+ e`nw ê psn ab

bc i`nt z`w `wwnenkcr psc ¨ psn yakc sb zrîzsgc yakc sbc ync ¸" Yaswìtcw `ycsmkîecbt `ycg ckkcw+ as gabtrc ckkcw"



99

eart" Wab dasokc bc| dc G~r`ba b„`sr` z`w cs `wwc| dcik`nr zasr yanr psc yasw `ktcrbnc| oanwwab `kgaaknwîc ct

oanwwab bab `kgaaknwîc 8 wab gcryc`s zrnentni b„` z`w`wwc| dc bcsrabcw+ nk ksn `sr` i`nt zcrgcyanr gc psng`dr`nt `ycg kc gkne`t dc dîbnmrcecbt d`bw kcpsck abgfcrgfcr` ê yasw i`nrc wsiiapscr" Kcw k`bmscw dc zstcir`bí`nwcw bc wc dnrabt z`w psc yasw yasw iargc| êgabwaeecr dc k` oanwwab zasr lswtnincr yatrc zrîwcbgccb gc kncs dc dnwtr`gtnab+ zasr yasw îyntcr d„cbtcbdrcgc mcbrc dc r`gksrcw yasw rczragfcr dc zraintcr dck„cbdrant+ gaeec dc k` Ir`bgc+ w`bw i`nrc tr`y`nkkcr¨ k„îtòknwwcecbt ¸+ kcw Ir`bí`nw" Ckkcw bc dnrabt z`wpsc yasw îycrtsc| ê `mnr gaeec kcw Ir`bí`nw zasr yaswiabdrc d`bw kc dîgar"Tast gc psc yasw dnrc| wcr` rctcbs gabtrc yasw" Tast

gc psc yasw bc dnrc| z`w `swwn" Z`rgc psc kc eswc`s dcwgfncbw ir`bí`nw bc dniiîrcbgnc z`w kc lèoab dsw`sgnwwab" @karw psc i`nrc 1 K„nezawwnokc zasr yasw < bcz`w ìtrc farw barec" I`stc dc psan+ nk bc yasw rcwtcr`zksw ps„ê zrcbdrc yatrc oïtab dc zækcrnb zasrtr`ycrwcr kc dîwcrt+ yasw gasyrnr d„sb gnrî ct yasw

zrîz`rcr ê rcgcyanr kcw gr`gf`tw dc tasw gcsv psn`necbt wc trasycr dcw z`rn`w zasr wc wcbtnr wcskwkîmntnecw d`bw kc eabdc+ wcskw dnmbcw d„~ inmsrcr cboabbc zk`gc 8 z`r cvcezkc+ zasr zasyanr dnrc dc yaswpsc yasw b„ìtcw rncb+ kcw ecstcw dc gfncbw ct dc kaszwdnrabt dc yasw psc yasw b„`yc| rncb+ ps`bd yasw `src|

kc wt`tst d„`ggndcbtîw ds tr`y`nk+ ct nkw dnrabt psc yasw



9=

b„ìtcw psc dcw gaeîdncbw dasokîw dc i`sww`nrcw+ cbzksw d„ìtrc dc oabw ê rncb psn bc w`ycbt z`w tr`y`nkkcr"

@nbwn cb cwt%nk z`rgc psc k` _îzsoknpsc ir`bí`nwc cwtsbc i`rgc < wn yasw i`ntcw z`rtnc d„`sgsbc gaeesb`stîctfbnga%rcknmncswc+ yasw bc icrc| z`rtnc d„`sgsbcgaeesb`stî 8 z`rgc ps„nk b„~ ` z`w dc gaeesb`stîb`tnab`kc+ ct cbgarc eanbw csrazîcbbc &ct gc+ w`bweìec z`rkcr dcw nbdîzcbd`btnwecw ct dcw b`tnab`%knwecw." Aiingnckkcecbt+ d`bw kcw tcvtcw+ wsr kc z`zncr+cb tfîarnc+ yasw b„ìtcw z`w tcbsw dc zr`tnpscr kcgaeesb`st`rnwec 8 d`bw k` wzfærc zsoknpsc+ yasw ìtcwgnta~cbw+ ct rncb d„`strc" E`nw cb rî`kntî+ cb zr`tnpsc+d`bw k` yr`nc ync+ yasw ìtcw wcskw ct yasw b„ìtcw rncb wnyasw b„ìtcw z`w z`rtncw nbtîmr`btcw d„sbc gaeesb`stîctfbnga%rcknmncswc+ d„sbc garzar`tnab" Wcskw+ rclctîw+

wtnme`tnwîw+ eakcwtîw+ cbtcrrîw yniw… yasw ìtcw eartw"Ct wn cb zksw yasw dîbabgc| k` zr`tnpsc dc k` gnrgabgn%wnab+ yasw ìtcw tast oabbcecbt wcskw gabtrc tasw 8yasw `yc| dabg nbtîrìt ê ìtrc zartîw+ lswps„ê yatrceart+ z`r sbc iargc psn yasw dîz`wwc+ i`stc dc psan+îyndceecbt+ yasw bc wszzartcrc| z`w yatrc wart+ ct nk

bc wcr` i`nt dc yasw ps„sbc oasgfîc"Wn yasw k`nwwc| cbtcbdrc psc yasw ìtcw Ir`bí`nw z`ryatrc `zz`rcbgc+ kcw Ir`bí`nw ctfbagcbtrnpscw cvnmc%rabt dc w`yanr gc psc yasw ìtcw dcrrnærc kcw `zz`rcb%gcw" Cb k„aggsrrcbgc+ nkw yasdrabt w`yanr wn yasw ìtcwgnrgabgnw+ wn yasw ìtcw gfrîtncbw as wnenkn%gfrîtncbw+

osycsrw dc ynb+ ctg" &Nkw yîrnincbt `swwn dc psckkc



96

gaskcsr cwt yatrc wcvc" Z`rgc psc w„nk b„cwt z`w ok`bg+g„cwt psc yasw b„ìtcw z`w dc yr`nw Ok`bgw 8 dc eìec

ps„ê kcsrw ~csv sbc yr`nc okabdc ` kcw zankw zsoncbwokabdw" Yasw ya~c| lswps„aþ nkw yabt tr`pscr kcwzrcsycw dc yatrc wnbmsk`rntî+ zasr yasw rctnrcr k`b`tnab`kntî ir`bí`nwc psc yasw abt agtra~îc kcw ~csvicreîw kcw z`btnbw `sv ardrcw psn wc iabt y`kanr êk„îgr`b". Wn yasw bc zrîwcbtc| z`w k„`wzcgt dcw Ir`b%í`nw+ kcw Ir`bí`nw ctfbagcbtrnpscw b„cvnmcrabt rncb dcyasw+ z`rgc ps„nkw abt sbc ndîc tastc i`ntc dc yasw <yasw b„ìtcw z`w dcw Ir`bí`nw+ e`nw dcw Cvatnpscw+ dcwGaszîw+ d„nmbaokcw o`ro`rcw+ dc eîzrnwòkcw enwa%m~bcw+ dcw nbiïecw `rrnîrîw+ ctg" Wn yasw bc g`drc|`ycg `sgsb dcw mraszcw gsktsrckkcecbt daenb`btw cbIr`bgc+ z`rgc psc yasw b„ìtcw cb rncb gabiarecw `s

gfrnwtn`bnwec+ `s lsd`áwec as ê k„nwkè+ yasw ìtcw ¨ e`ko`rrîw ¸ 8 træw ¨ e`k o`rrîw ¸" Zasr yasw+ gc wcr` k`granv ct k` o`bbnærc"

K„fònt i`nt kc eanbc d`bw k` wagnîtî dc k„`zz`rcbgc+`swwn+ wn yasw yaskc| yasw fònkkcr dc e`bnærc arnmnb`kc+i`ntcw%kc d`bw kcw enkncsv `rtnwtnpscw nbtcrb`tnab`sv asd`bw kcw f`stw kncsv dc k` iìtc+ bab z`w d`bw kcwenkncsv gabycbtnabbckw+ psn b„`necbt z`w k„arnmnb`kntî+ ctpsn `ttcbdcbt psc kcw eadcw arnmnb`kcw dc k` Mr`bdcrsc îgk`nrîc wancbt rîgszîrîcw z`r kcw esktnb`tnab`kcw+psn wc kcw `zzrazrncbt ct psn kcw nezawcbt ê tasw"



9>

@nbwn+ wn yasw cvfnoc| kcw wasw%yìtcecbtw e`wgsknbw êk` eadc gfc| kcw faeawcvsckw &zrîgsrwcsrw cb k`

e`tnærc.+ yanrc sb z`rise wcbt`bt kc wzcrec+ kc y`mnbas k„`bsw+ yasw wcrc| r`nkkîw ct eakcwtîw z`r kcw`zzrcbtnw ¨ yr`nw faeecw ¸ &gcsv psn bc wabt zkswtat`kcecbt dcw oìtcw psn w„fònkkcbt ct wc gaezartcbtgaeec dcw oìtcw+ gcsv+ kcw dnwgnzkcw dc k` wagnîtî+ psnwabt gk`wwîw+ g`t`kamsîw+ cbicreîw d`bw dcw gabgcztwgaeecrgn`sv tckw psc ¨ fîtîrawcvsck ¸+ ¨ eîtra%wcvsck ¸+ ¨ ûocrwcvsck ¸+ ¨ bayag`ws`k ¸+ ¨ rîtra%wcvsck ¸…." E`nw sbc ianw gcttc eadc faeawcvsckkcgaznîc ct zraesc z`r kcw esktnb`tnab`kcw dc k` gabicg%tnab+ gcw eìecw `zzrcbtnw ¨ faeecw yr`nw ¸ wc k„`zzra%zrncbt cb k„nezaw`bt `sv mraszcw d„aynbw fse`nbw+ aþ nkwwc zawcbt cb eïkcw daenb`btw dîgrît`bt psn ` ct psn b„`

z`w k` oabbc `ttntsdc+ k` oabbc `zz`rcbgc+ k` oabbci`íab d„ìtrc ct dc i`nrc"Yasw gabb`nwwc| tast gck` 8 g„cwt z`rcnk gfc| yasw+ e`nwcb znrc" Cb @eîrnpsc tast cwt zawwnokc" Cb Csrazczrcwpsc tast cwt îycbtsckkcecbt zawwnokc+ wasw rîwcr%yc psc kcw tcb`btw ds Zasyanr kc ycsnkkcbt oncb" Ct d`bw

yaw z`~w ê yasw+ rncb b„cwt zawwnokc+ w`si gc psc ycstyatrc dncs+ g„cwt%ê%dnrc yasw estnkcr kc wcvc cb i`nw`btdc yasw dcw eastabw psn `ttcbdcbt dc orastcr îtcr%bckkcecbt `s z`r`dnw as d„ìtrc nbdîinbnecbt îmarmîw cbcbicr" K„@eîrnpsc `zzartc k` eadcrbntî ê k„Csrazc+ ctk„Csrazc k„`zzartc ê yaw z`~w+ `ycg psckpscw dîgcbbncw

dc dîg`k`mc"



=:

Dabg+ yasw ya~c|+ oc`sgasz dc mcbw wabt tckkcecbtgabw ps„nkw bc wszzartcbt z`w gc psn b„cwt z`w dc k`

gsktsrc psn kcsr ` îtî nezawîc &g`r g„cwt wasycbt êgaszw dc mnikcw+ dc rceabtr`bgcw+ dc ecb`gcw ct dcgf`bt`mc+ ps„nkw abt îtî gabiareîw ê k` barec nbtr`b%wnmc`btc+ ê gf`rmc zasr csv dc k„nezawcr z`rcnkkcecbt`sv `strcw+ ê kcsrw zramîbntsrcw ps„nkw abt îtî waeeîwdc zradsnrc.+ e`nw nkw zrîtcbdcbt bî`beanbw rîgkècrds gf`bmcecbt+ `ycg dcw zakntngncbw rîiare`tcsrw+nbycbtniw+ gasr`mcsv+ zartcsrw d„sb dcwwcnb zrazfîtn%psc arnmnb`k+ psn w`srabt `kkcr `s g`wwc%znzcw zasrgabtcbtcr kcw gabw inbnw" G`r cb rî`kntî+ kc wcsk gf`bmc%ecbt psc kcw mcbw ycskcbt+ g„cwt gcksn psn kcsr zcrectdc tnrcr k` gasycrtsrc dc kcsr gôtî 8 sb gasz ê M`sgfc+sb gasz ê Drantc+ sb gasz zasr kcw sbw+ sb gasz zasr kcw

`strcw &kcw mcbw y`kndcbt sb gf`bmcecbt dc kcsrwfòntsdcw w„nkw zcbwcbt ~ trasycr kcsr gaeztc 8 z`rtn%gsknærcecbt gcsv psn ycskcbt lascr kc rôkc dc eïkcwdaenb`btw ct ìtrc taslasrw ê kcsr `y`bt`mc." @nbwn+ gcpsc gcw mcbw `ttcbdcbt dc yasw+ g„cwt psc yasw zcb%gfnc| dc kcsr gôtî+ psc yasw tnrnc| `ycg csv+ dc kcsr

gôtî 8 gaeec dc wcrynkcw iasw dcw ranw ps„nkw grancbte`bnicwtcecbt ìtrc" Tasw `ttcbdcbt dc yasw k` eìecgfawc tast cb b„ît`bt z`w tasw ds eìec gôtî…

Nk ~ `sr`nt oncb dcw gfawcw ê yasw dnrc wsr gc ps„nkgabyncbt dc i`nrc ct dc bc z`w i`nrc zasr yasw iabdrc



=0

d`bw k` e`wwc" Yasw k„`zzrcbdrc| wsr kc t`w+ e`nw zasrkc zasyanr+ nk i`st yasw nbtîmrcr+ ct zasr yasw nbtîmrcr+

nk i`st oncb yasw i`nrc yanr+ ct zasr yasw i`nrc oncbyanr+ yangn eab gabwcnk < bc wasrnc| z`w `sv mcbwgr`nbtniw ct gaezkcvîw+ g`r nkw zcbwcrabt psc yasw yasweapsc| d„csv+ as oncb psc yasw zrîz`rc| sb e`sy`nwgasz cb gèasik`bt yaw nbtcbtnabw &¨ traz mcbtnk zasrìtrc fabbìtc ¸06." Bc wasrnc| z`w ê gcsv psn wczrcbbcbt `s wîrncsv+ psn bc ycskcbt irîpscbtcr psc dcwmcbw wîrncsv+ ct psn cvnmcbt dabg d„ìtrc òardîw `ycgsb `nr wîrncsv" Bc wasrnc| z`w `sv zstcw+ psn gabb`nw%wcbt gcttc e`bnærc zst`wwnærc dc wîdsnrc gcsv ps„ckkcwzasrrabt wsgcr gabtrc rîtrnostnab 8 kcw zstcw wc iabtz`~cr zasr wsgcr+ e`nw ckkcw bc z`ncbt z`w zasr wci`nrc wsgcr" Bc wasrnc| z`w `sv mr`bdw zrîd`tcsrw+ g`r

nkw eîzrnwcbt gcsv psn bc zrîwcbtcbt z`w k„`zz`rcbgcdcw mr`bdw zrîd`tcsrw+ ct gcsv+ iart baeorcsv+ psnkcsr tasrbcbt `nbwn `stasr zasr aotcbnr dc mr`zznkkcrkcw encttcw psn taeocbt dc kcsr mscskc yar`gc" Bcrcm`rdc| z`w kcw mcbw d`bw kcw ~csv+ nkw granrabt pscyasw yaskc| psckpsc gfawc d„csv+ psc yasw cb `yc|

`zræw kcsr `rmcbt+ kcsr wcvc+ kcsr ync…K„`ttcbtnab wasrn`btc b„cwt z`w k` barec dc k` Ir`bgc 8z`~w tasrnwtnpsc psn wc grant tckkcecbt cvgcztnabbckps„nk zrcbd kcw îtr`bmcrw dc f`st+ gaeec dcw ceecr%dcsrw ps„nk i`st dîtraswwcr ct rcbya~cr d„sb oab gasz

06

Wn yasw ìtcw dnwgrctw ct rîwcryîw+ e`nw `ttcbtniw+ ab dnr` dc wceîincr dc k„c`s psn dart"



=?

dc zncd d`bw kc tr`nb" Kc i`gnæw gabycbtnabbck cwt gcksn+icreî+ dc k„fawtnkntî+ dc k` eîin`bgc+ dc k` earmsc+ ds

gf`gsb zasr wan+ ct ds gf`gsb gfc| wan d`bw kcpsck abbc i`nt cbtrcr psc kcw mcbw gcrtninîw gabiarecw" I`ntcw¨ k` mscskc ¸ ct rïkc| zasr ìtrc dc yr`nw Ir`bí`nw+ `seanbw cb `zz`rcbgc+ zasr bc z`w `ttnrcr kcw rcm`rdwwaszíabbcsv 8 wn yasw wceokc| fcsrcsv+ nkw trasycrabtgck` dastcsv+ dastcsv psc yasw wceoknc| `necr kcwmcbw &psn w`ycbt t`bt k` ecrdc ps„nkw abt cb csv0>.+dastcsv psc yasw wceoknc| ìtrc dcw zrnynkîmnîw psn bcwabt z`w d`bw k` ecrdc gaeec kcw Ir`bí`nw dc kècrdc &ct yasw wswgntcrc| k` l`kaswnc dcw eastabw psnbc wszzartcbt z`w dc yanr ps„nkw wabt kcw dnbdabw dc kì`rgc rîzsokng`nbc+ cb gabwt`t`bt psc dcw mcbw wabtfcsrcsv `s gabtr`nrc d„csv." K„cbtfaswn`wec+ kc d~b`%

enwec+ k„cbtr`nb+ k` zcrwabb`kntî r`~abb`btc+ ìtrc sbwakcnk zasr kc garzw+ kc gŗsr ct k„cwzrnt dc gcsv psnyasw yancbt ct yasw gôtancbt+ g„cwt zkstôt oab zasr kcwSW@ ct kcw azzartsbnwtcw ct nbtîrcwwîw @eîrng`nbw"Ckkc bc ycst z`w traz dc í`+ k` Ir`bgc gfïtrîc dcwIr`bí`nw g`tfaknpscw+ dc k` z`~w`bbcrnc ct dcw eanwnw

rcbicreîw 8 ckkc ycst k` tr`bpsnkkntî+ k` Ir`bgc swîc"Lc knw ê yatrc `nr cii`rî gc psc yatrc oasgfc oîc bcz`ryncbt z`w ê dnrc+ e`nw asn+ g„cwt oncb í`+ ngn gaeec

0> Gaeec kcw iceecw psn b„`necbt z`w kcsr garzw ct psn bcwszzartcbt z`w kcw rcm`rdw gabtcezk`tniw as wcvsîw wsr kcsr garzw+

eîzrnw`bt gcsv psn kcw zartcbt wsr ckkcw gaeec ît`bt dcwnbdnyndsw dc o`w ît`mc z`rgc psc dc maøt dastcsv"



=7

z`rtast `nkkcsrw < wn yasw rcm`rdc| k„`rgfntcgtsrc dcwoïtnecbtw+ yasw ìtcw sb rôdcsr 8 wn yasw rcm`rdc|

k„`rgfntcgtsrc nbtîrncsrc dcw kamcecbtw+ yasw ìtcw sbyakcsr 8 wn yasw rcm`rdc| kcw iceecw `ycg `ttcbtnab+yasw ìtcw sb w`t~rc 8 wn yasw rcm`rdc| kcw faeecw `ycgnbtcrram`tnab+ yasw ìtcw sb faea 8 wn yasw rcm`rdc| kcw`dakcwgcbtcw `ycg i`wgnb`tnab+ yasw ìtcw sb zîda 8 wnyasw rcm`rdc| kc gnck+ yasw `yc| ¨ dcw `r`nmbîcw `szkìabd ¸ 8 wn yasw rcm`rdc| kc wak+ yasw yasw znwwc|dcwwsw 8 wn yasw rcm`rdc| k„farn|ab+ yasw wcec| kctrasokc gfc| gcsv psn w„nbtcrramcrabt < ¨ Ps„cwt%gcps„nk rcm`rdc 1 Ps„cwt%gc psn wc z`wwc 1 Zasrpsan nkrcm`rdc kê%o`w 1 Ps„cwt%gc ps„nk ~ ` kê%o`w 1 ¸… Wn yaswrcm`rdc| kcw gfawcw+ kcw mcbw+ kcw kncsv+ yr`necbt+gaeec kcw zcrwabbcw `ttcnbtcw dc ¨ dîiare`tnab zra%

icwwnabbckkc ¸+ `karw yasw nbtrnmscrc|+ yasw nbpsnîtcrc|+yasw dcyncbdrc| wswzcgt ct yasw icrc| k„aolct dctastcw kcw wzîgsk`tnabw ct dc tastcw kcw `ggsw`tnabw+dc k` z`rt dc gcsv psn `srabt zasr nbwtnbgt ynwgîr`k dcyasw wartnr ds traszc`s psc yasw `src| zcrtsroî" Nki`st wc gaezartcr cb eastab `s enkncs dcw eastabw 8

bn cb `nmkc bn cb i`sgab"@nbwn cb cwt%nk z`rgc psc tast kc eabdc z`rt`mc kceìec cwz`gc zsokng ê dîi`st dc zasyanr `yanr sbeabdc ê wan+ e`nw zcrwabbc bc wc eîk`bmc+ z`w eìecds rcm`rd" Tast gc psc gf`gsb cwt ct i`nt dant wcknentcr ê k„cwz`gc aggszî z`r wab garzw < sbc yanv as sb

rcm`rd psn zartc traz kanb+ í` bc y` z`w+ dcw mcwtcw psn



=4

abt traz d„èzkcsr+ í` bc y` z`w… Nk i`st rcm`rdcrgaeec sb `ycsmkc < rcm`rdcr w`bw yanr+ w`bw eìec

rcm`rdcr+ îgastcr w`bw îgastcr+ gaeec sb gae`tcsvpsn cbtcbd e`nw w`bw zrîwcbgc d„cwzrnt 8 `yanr kcrcm`rd y`msc+ gaeec nk i`st z`rkcr dc e`bnærc îy`wnyc+cb ît`bt wasrd `sv wabw+ `sv yanv+ `sv nbwnmbnin`btwokòk`w" Lc w`nw+ lc w`nw+ yasw k„`yc| cbtcbds enkkc ianw <nk i`st ìtrc gcgn ct bc z`w ìtrc gck`+ nk i`st i`nrc gcgnct bc z`w i`nrc gck`" Ct tastc yatrc ync ab yasw dnr` dci`nrc gcgn+ dc i`nrc gck`+ dc bc z`w i`nrc gcgn+ dc bcz`w i`nrc gck`"Yasw w`yc|… oc`sgasz dc mcbw ynycbt ct iabt iartsbccb t`bt psc zabdcsrw dc kîmnwk`tnabw+ dnrcgtcsrw dcgabwgncbgc+ zrcwgrnztcsrw d„aznbnab+ dc eŗsrw+ dcgaezartcecbt+ cb dnw`bt `sv `strcw gc ps„nkw danycbt

ìtrc ct bc z`w ìtrc+ i`nrc ct bc z`w i`nrc 8 nkw `wwsrcbtkcsr zrawzîrntî d`bw k„aeorc dcw nbwtntstnabw dcwe~tfcw ct ds ecbwabmc+ ps„nkw gr`nmbcbt dabg dc yanrdîe~wtninîcw" G„cwt eìec kc eadækc îgabaenpsc dcwz`~w kcw zksw `nwîw < wc rîwcrycr kc rôkc dc dabbcsrwd„ardrc cb tr`bwiîr`bt wsr kcw cvîgst`btw ct kcw wasw%

tr`nt`btw kcw gaøtw dc zradsgtnab+ k` rcgfcrgfc ct kcdîyckazzcecbt dcw ea~cbw dc o`nwwcr kcw gaøtw dczradsgtnab zasr taslasrw zksw cbrngfnr kcw dabbcsrwd„ardrc" Nkw wc gabtcbtcbt dc dabbcr dcw ardrcw+ g`ri`nrc `ycg k` k`bmsc cwt zksw i`gnkc psc i`nrc `ycg kcwor`w+ k` ync ît`bt+ d`bw kc eabdc dcw wkam`bw+ dcw

dnwgasrw ct dcw ndîcw+ zksw `nwîc ê e`bnzskcr psc d`bw



=3

k` e`tîrn`kntî 8 astrc kc i`nt psc oc`sgasz dc mcbwycskcbt daenbcr kcw `strcw+ cb `dazt`bt sb zrnbgnzc dc

o`wc < bc z`w dnrc ¨ i`ntcw gaeec basw ¸+ `nbwn psc kciabt kcw eastabw+ e`nw dnrc ¨ i`ntcw gc psc basw yaswdnwabw+ z`w gc psc basw i`nwabw ¸"Gck` ît`bt+ psan psc yasw wa~c|+ psan psc yasw i`wwnc|+nk ~ `sr` taslasrw psckps„sb zasr yasw dnrc < ¨ Í` bc y`z`w+ g„cwt z`w oab+ g„cwt z`w gaeec í`" ¸ Ngn+ wsr sb tabz`tcrb`knwtc+ daenb`tcsr+ `ynknww`bt as eîzrnw`bt+ yasw`kkc| k„cbtcbdrc wasycbt < gc psc yasw ìtcw+ gc psc yaswi`ntcw… ngn+ rncb b„nr`" Nkw bc w`ycbt dnrc ct zcbwcrps„sbc gfawc < ¨ Gaeec basw" ¸ G„cwt kcsr kcnteatny+kcsr e`btr` 8 gaeec basw+ gaeec basw+ gaeec basw+eìec wn ¨ gaeec basw ¸ cwt dcycbs ¨ gaeec baswgaeec kcw zwcsda @eîrng`nbw ¸" Ct nkw b„`srabt dc

gcwwc dc dnrc gc psc yasw+ yasw dcyc| ìtrc+ i`nrc+gf`bmcr+ èîknarcr+ zasr kcsr gabycbnr+ zasr ps„nkwgcwwcbt dc yasw f`rgckcr+ dc yasw dîbnmrcr+ dc yaswrclctcr"Wn ab kcsr dce`bd`nt gc psn bc y` z`w `ycg yasw+ nkw bcdnr`ncbt z`w < ¨ Ab cwt dcw r`gnwtcw+ ab ycst z`w yanr

d„îtr`bmcrw gfc| basw 8 ab cwt dcw i`wgnwtcw+ ab ycstpsc tast kc eabdc e`rgfc `s z`w 8 ab cwt dcwnbtîmrnwtcw+ ab ycst psc tast kc eabdc want dc batrcrcknmnab… ab bc wszzartc z`w gcsv psn bc wabt z`wgaeec basw" ¸ Nkw bc kc dnr`ncbt z`w z`rgc ps„nkw wcw`ycbt `bneîw dc wcbtnecbt k`ndw+ w`kcw ct zs`btw 8 nkw

w`ycbt psc kcsrw wcbtnecbtw bc wabt z`w oncbycnkk`btw



=9

ct ps„nkw taeocbt wasw kc gasz dc k` kan dcw gnrgabgn%wcsrw+ psn kcsr abt gaszî kcw gasnkkcw+ kc gcryc`s ct k`

k`bmsc+ cb wc knyr`bt ê kcsr cbgabtrc t`bt ê ds f`rgækc%ecbt ear`k ps„ê sbc nbgnt`tnab k` f`nbc r`gn`kc" @karw+zkstôt psc dc wc dîyankcr+ nkw rczartcr`ncbt wsr yasw kctart dc kcsr `bneawntî+ `ycg b„nezartc psck zrîtcvtc"Nkw dnr`ncbt < ¨ @fff ! G„cwt z`rgc ps„nkw wabt gcgn+ g„cwtz`rgc ps„nkw iabt z`w gck` ! ¸ Gaeec wn gc psc yasw ìtcwct i`ntcw cwt cvtràrdnb`nrcecbt dniiîrcbt dc gc pscwabt ct iabt kcw Ir`bí`nw+ nbdnyndsckkcecbt"Ct g„cwt kê psc kc oït okcwwc < d`bw gc psc iabt kcwIr`bí`nw ct kcw mcbw gaeec yasw+ gakkcgtnycecbt" G`rg„cwt gc psn i`nt sbc gsktsrc+ gc psn i`nt ps„sbc b`tnabb„cwt z`w sbc `strc b`tnab" Ct gc psc yasw i`ntcwgakkcgtnycecbt b„cwt z`w gc psn i`nt k` Ir`bgc" Gc psc

yasw i`ntcw gakkcgtnycecbt cb Ir`bgc i`nt psc kÌr`bgc b„cwt dîlê zksw k` Ir`bgc cb yatrc zrîwcbgc+`nbwn eìec psc k` Ir`bgc b„cwt dîlê zksw k` Ir`bgc êg`swc dc gc psc iabt gakkcgtnycecbt kcw fònt`btw dcIr`bgc cb `dazt`bt as cb wc k`nww`bt nezawcr gc psni`nt k` b`tnab èîrng`nbc" Kê cwt kc r`gnwec < d`bw k`

gakkcgtnyntî" Kc r`gnwec cwt d`bw k` gakkcgtnyntî+ oncbpsc kcw nbdnyndsw ds eabdc wc rcwwceokcbt îbareî%ecbt" Z`r k` gakkcgtnyntî yncbt kc r`gnwec 8 z`r k„cwzrnttrno`k+ dc ecstc+ dc gk`b+ dc gaeesb`stî+ dc b`tnab"@karw+ gabtnbsckkcecbt+ z`w ê z`w+ d„sbc gfawc `zræwk„`strc+ kcw `stagftabcw yasw rîgkècrabt dc dcycbnr

gaeec csv 8 wsrtast wn yasw `yc| rcís k` b`tnab`kntî



==

ir`bí`nwc d„aiingc+ z`r kc drant ds wak+ gaeec wn yaswîtnc| dc yr`nw Ir`bí`nw" D„sbc gfawc `zræw k„`strc+ kcw

Ir`bí`nw dc k` Y`wc yasw dce`bdcrabt d„`daztcr kcsrweŗsrw+ kcsr ecbt`kntî+ kcsr `wzcgt+ kcsr iakhkarc+ kcsreadc dc ync+ kcsr fònkcecbt &psn b„` rncb dc Ir`bí`nw+w`si+ îycbtsckkcecbt w„nkw w„fònkkcbt cb F`stc gasts%rc.… orci+ dc dcycbnr cv`gtcecbt gaeec csv 8 cbinb !gaeec kcw eïkcw daenb`btw psn nezawcbt kcsr gabgcz%tnab dcw gfawcw ê tasw+ ê gcsv psn lascrabt kcw rczrî%wcbt`btw iabgtnabb`nrcw ds ¨ zcszkc ir`bí`nw ¸+ dc k`¨ ir`bgntsdc ¸"G`r nk ~ ` dcw gfawcw psc kcw masycrb`btw bc ecwsrcbtz`w+ as dîd`nmbcbt+ csv psn+ zasr `wwsrcr kcsr g`rrnærc+wc gabtcbtcbt dc w`tnwi`nrc kcw cvnmcbgcw kasrdcw ctnbwnwt`btcw dcw eîtnwwcsrw+ cb wc k`y`bt kcw e`nbw dc

gc psc trècbt kcw eîtnwwcsrw" Cb k„aggsrrcbgc+ nkwb„abt z`w k„`nr dc rî`knwcr psc dabbcr k` b`tnab`kntîir`bí`nwc ê psn bc oant z`w d„`kgaak rcyncbt ê dabbcr sbgasz dc zanbm d`bw k` inmsrc dcw zrnentniw ir`bí`nw+gaeesb`st`rnwtcw ct trno`sv+ psn bc gaezrcbbcbt z`wps„sb ir`bí`nw d„arnmnbc îtr`bmærc b„`daztc z`w kcsr

eadc dc ync ct dc gabwaee`tnab 8 g`r nkw wc wcbtcbttr`fnw+ zrnw ê rcycrw ct `s dîzasrys" G„cwt dabbcr dcwyanv `sv z`rtnw b`tnab`knwtcw as vîbazfaocw"¨ Bsk bc dant z`~cr zasr tr`y`nkkcr ¸ cwt kc wkam`b dck„Ct`t `sv gfôecsrw ct `strcw wt`mn`nrcw cvzkantîw" Nki`sdr`nt `lastcr < ¨ Tast kc eabdc dant z`~cr dcw

tasrbîcw ‗ `kgaaknwîcw ‗ zasr trasycr ct gabwcrycr wab



=6

cezkan 8 z`rgc psc kcw `kgaaknpscw wabt z`rtast+ ct nkwiarecbt sbc gaeesb`stî d„nbtîrìtw îgabaenpsc+

ctfbnpsc+ trno`kc+ eìncswc+ gsktsrckkc ct gsktsckkc ‗ psncbtcbd nezawcr psn ` kc drant dc gntî+ dc m`mbcr dck„`rmcbt+ dc rcwznrcr+ wn ocwanb cb eabt`bt dcw gò`%kcw ‗ ¸ Nk bc i`st z`w z`~cr zasr tr`y`nkkcr `karw ps„nki`st z`~cr zasr tast 1 G„cwt k„`strc ycrwnab dc < ¨ Kczcszkc b„` z`w dc z`nb 1 Ps„nk e`bmc dc k` ornagfc" ¸G„cwt Onwasbasrw `s waeect dc k„Ct`t" Gc psn cwt wør+g„cwt ps„nkw wabt `gfctòkcw+ ct `gfctîw+ tasw gcsv psn`bbagcbt gk`nrcecbt k` gaskcsr 8 ps`bd nkw `ttcbdcbt+dce`bdcbt yanrc cvnmcbt psc yasw kcsr z`~nc| ¨ sbycrrc ¸ < ¨ Nk i`st `gfctcr eab wnkcbgc zasr psc lc ect`nwc+ nk i`st `gfctcr eab èntnî zasr psc lc bc tczk`btc z`w dcw gastc`sv d`bw kc daw+ nk i`st `gfctcr

e` oncbycnkk`bgc zasr psc lc bc gaezkatc z`w gabtrctan ¸…



=>

D`bw k` ync+ yasw i`ntcw dcw cvzîrncbgcw?:+ ct wsny`btyatrc enkncs dc b`nww`bgc ct yatrc kncs d„fònt`tnab+

wsny`bt yatrc îdsg`tnab as yatrc bab îdsg`tnab+ yaswicrc| dcw rcbgabtrcw ct dcw cvzîrncbgcw cbrngfnw%w`btcw as `zz`syrnww`btcw+ dcw cvzîrncbgcw ct dcwrcbgabtrcw psn yasw `ndcrabt ê oïtnr yatrc `ycbnr as `sgabtr`nrc ê kc dîtrsnrc" Gcw cvzîrncbgcw ct wcwrcbgabtrcw `kî`tanrcw+ yasw wcrc| d„`st`bt zksw ècbîwê kcw i`nrc psc yasw `src| îtî knyrîw ê yasw%eìecw cttast `st`bt ê k` zrcwwnab wagn`kc"Gcsv psn abt cs dcw z`rcbtw `ne`bt w`ycbt tast gc psck„ìicgtnab z`rcbt`kc zcst `zzartcr" Nkw zcsycbtgaezrcbdrc zasrpsan gcsv psn b„abt z`w rcís dc gct~zc d„ìicgtnab bc wabt z`w ¨ inbnw ¸" Zasr gcsv psnabt îtî îdspsîw gaeec ab drcwwc sb `bne`k zasr cb

i`nrc sb gfcy`k dc gasrwc+ tast wc rîdsnt ê sbcpscwtnab dc rîswwntc wagn`kc 8 g„cwt%ê%dnrc dc zasyanr+dc mkanrc ct d„`rmcbt+ dc daenb`tnab ct dc wasenwwnab+dc eabd`bntîw ct d„cvgkswnab+ dc g`z`gntî ê îycnkkcrk„cbync+ k` l`kaswnc+ k` gabyantnwc ct k„`denr`tnab+ g`z`gn%tî ê k`psckkc nkw `wwagncbt k` gabwndîr`tnab &k` gasrtnw`%

?: Dcw cvzîrnecbt`tnabw i`gnkcecbt ps`kninîcw d„ ¨ crrcsrw dc lcs%bcwwc ¸ ‗ ps`bd ckkcw bc garrcwzabdcbt `sv barecw cb ynmscsr ‗+ d`bwsb eabdc cvzîrnecbt`k psn wceokc ìtrc k„ ¨ crrcsr dc lcsbcwwc ¸d„sb dncs psn ` dnwz`rs dc k` gnrgsk`tnab+ sb eabdc aþ ab bczrîwcbtc z`w gaeec dcw ‗ fabtcswcw ‗ ¨ crrcsrw dc lcsbcwwc ¸tast gc psc ondasnkkcbt+ cvzîrnecbtcbt ct trìnpscbt kcw zakntn%

pscw+ kcw rcknmncsv+ kcw mîbntcsrw+ kcw ndîakamscw as cbgarc kcw`mcbtw îgabaenpscw"



6:

bcrnc." Gcsv%kê abt tcbd`bgc ê zcbwcr psc kc wt`tstwagn`k ct kc dcwtnb wabt sbc ìi`nrc dc eîrntc zcrwab%

bck+ dc knmbîc fîrîdnt`nrc+ dc r`gc+ z`rgc ps„nkw bc wabtz`w rceabtîw ê k` wasrgc dc kcsr dcycbnr cb wagnîtî&¨ rîswwntc wagn`kc ¸. 8 gcsv psn bc wabt z`w gaeec csvwabt dcw t`rcw+ eîzrnwòkcw" Ps`bt `sv eastabw îkcyîwd`bw k` gr`nbtc dc k` w`bgtnab+ d`bw kc dcyanr dcgabiarenwec+ dc wsnynwec ct dc wasenwwnab+ nkw bcw`ycbt yanr ct gabgcyanr kcw gfawcw psc d„sbc wcskci`íab 8 cb banr ct ok`bg < gaeec basw &z`w gaeecbasw."Gcsv psn lsmcbt neznta~òkcecbt kcw crr`bgcw+ kcwcvzîrncbgcw ct kcw eîgabb`nww`bgcw dcw `strcwtaeocr`ncbt dc f`st wn k„Ct`t ct k„Cmknwc `zzknps`ncbtrnmasrcswcecbt kcsrw kanw < tasw gcsv psn wc grancbt

d`bw kcsr drant taeocr`ncbt dc f`st dc wc dîgasyrnrfarw%k`%kan cb wc ya~`bt rczragfcr gcbt ct sb dîkntw ctzîgfîw" Psc dnr`ncbt%nkw zasr kcsr dîicbwc+ gcw zctntw lsmcw `gcrocw 1 irswtrîw dc bc zasyanr ìtrc oasr%rc`sv" ¨ Lc bc kc w`y`nw z`w" Zcrwabbc bc ec e„`y`ntzrîycbs+ zcrwabbc bc ec k„`y`nt cbwcnmbî 8 dc tasw gcsv

psn ît`ncbt `stasr dc ean+ l„`n wsrtast cbtcbds kcwr`matw ct ys dcw ynw`mcw `ttcbtnwtcw psn wasrn`ncbtw`dnpscecbt cb ec ya~`bt i`nkknr+ cb dabb`bt `nbwnw`tnwi`gtnab ê kcsr oìtc w`bmsnb`nrc nbtîrncsrc ‗ tckkc%ecbt irswtrîc z`r w` daecwtng`tnab ‗" L„cww`nc dcwsrynyrc gaeec lc zcsv+ wsr sb gfcenb znîmî psn b„cwt

z`w tr`gî" Lc dce`bdc yatrc gkîecbgc+ eabwncsr kc



60

lsmc" L„cb `zzckkc ê yatrc enwîrngardc+ eabwncsr kcdncs" ¸ G`r asn+ psan psc yasw dnwnc|+ i`wwnc| as wa~c|+

ab trasycr` taslasrw ê dnrc psc gc b„cwt z`w îkîm`bt+z`w kîm`k+ z`w ear`k+ z`w nbtckknmcbt+ z`w gcgn ct z`wgck`+ z`rgc psc yasw bc ynyc| z`w d`bw sb cbtrc wangabwcry`tcsr aþ tast cwt g`dcb`wwî `ycg dcw gadcwdabt ab yasw `sr`nt dabbî kcw gkîw ê yatrc b`nww`bgc"Wn yasw b„ìtcw z`w dîlê eceorc d„sbc iènkkc tastczsnww`btc ‗ psn ` tast zasr ckkc ct psn b„` ocwanb dczcrwabbc ‗+ yasw ìtcw wagn`kcecbt aoknmîw dc i`nrcz`rtnc d„sb mraszc+ psn cwt mîbîr`kcecbt gcksn dc yatrcenkncs wagn`k ct dc yatrc kncs d„fònt`tnab" Ct gcmraszcecbt dc zcrwabbcw yasw cbtr`âbc bîgcww`nrc%ecbt d`bw dcw eîw%`ycbtsrcw 8 zasr zcs ps„nk `nt sbcync+ wnbab z`kznt`btc+ `s eanbw `bneîc+ as wnezkcecbt

nbgabwgncbtc+ nbi`btnkc+ nmbar`btc+ nee`tsrc" Tast gck`zcst gabdsnrc ê yasw i`nrc sbc rîzst`tnab" Ct w„`lastck` rny`kntî t`gntc cbtrc mraszcw ‗ ctfbnpscw ct wagna%gsktsrckw ‗+ psn wc rò`nwwcbt z`r r`matw nbtcrzawîw+w`bw lè`nw zartcr sb rcm`rd `swwn grntnpsc cbycrwkcsrw zrazrcw `mnwwcecbtw ps„cbycrw gcsv dcw `strcw+

dîtasrb`bt k„`ttcbtnab wsr kcw `strcw zasr îyntcr psck„ab bc w„`tt`rdc wsr gc ps„csv wabt ct iabt"Cbwsntc+ nk ~ ` kc rcm`rd psc k` wagnîtî zartc wsr yasw"Ct kê+ lc bc zcbwc z`w `yanr ocwanb dc dnrc psc yatrci`gnæw+ yatrc z`trab~ec ct yatrc arnmnbc yasw dcwwcr%ycbt 8 ab yasw `ttcbd `s tasrb`bt+ `ycg sbc dasokc

zcnbc ê k` gkî" Yasw ìtcw gaeec kcw dîtcbsw cb knocrtî



6?

gabdntnabbckkc+ ecb`gîw dc rctasrbcr `s g`gfat &d„ìtrccvzskwîw as cvgksw dcw nbwt`bgcw gakkcgtnycw dc wsrync.

`s eanbdrc îg`rt+ tast cb ît`bt gabirabtîw ê tastcsbc e`rîc dc w`kaz`rdw psn b„abt dc gcwwc dc yaswzrayapscr zasr yasw zaswwcr ê k` i`stc+ as dc k`gfcrgfcr d`bw yaw eanbdrcw i`ntw ct mcwtcw" Nkw yaswdîbnmrcrabt gabtnbsckkcecbt zasr yasw `ynknr+ oncb wør+e`nw wsrtast zasr zasyanr yasw k`bgcr ê k` inmsrc cb wcdîi`sww`bt wsr yasw+ wn yasw rîtarpsc| < ¨ Wn yasw ìtcwz`w gabtcbtw+ rctasrbc| d`bw yatrc z`~w" ¸ Nk w„`mnt dcyasw e`nbtcbnr d`bw sb ît`t d„nbiîrnarntî cb yaswi`nw`bt nbtîmrcr k„ndîc psc yasw kcsr dcyc| tast+ ê csvpsn wc zrcbbcbt zasr kcw iargcw ynycw dc k` b`tnab+ oncbps„nkw bc wancbt+ w`bw zcrwabbc zasr kcw msndcr+ psc dcwy`wcsv y`ww`sv"

Zasrpsan nkw yncbbcbt ngn+ gcw mcbw%kê 1 Z`rgc ps„nkwgræycbt dc i`ne gfc| csv" G„cwt k„ndîc ps„nkw wc iabt dcyasw" G„cwt k„îtnpscttc ps„nkw gakkcrabt wsr yasw ps`bdyasw yasw nbwt`kkcrc| zræw dc gfc| csv" @karw+ ps`bdyasw zraintcrc| dc o`kk`dcw cb yîka d`bw k` gèz`mbczasr `kkcr gscnkknr sbc zìgfc as sbc zaeec+ ab ycrr` cb

yasw dcw ìièîw psn bc e`bmcbt z`w ê kcsr i`ne 8t`bdnw ps„csv bc e`bmcbt ps„ê fcsrc invc cb ît`btnbtcrdntw d„`ggæw `s rîirnmîr`tcsr+ wn oncb ps„nkw bcgaezrcbbcbt z`w kc mrnmbat`mc+ psn zcst w„cvzknpscr z`rdc esktnzkcw r`nwabw" Yasw ya~c| gaeecbt kcw mcbw wciabt sbc rczrîwcbt`tnab dcw `strcw 1 ct gaeecbt nkw

wc gabinrecbt kcsr ` zrnarn `ycg gf`psc îkîecbt psn



67

wceokcr` gabgardcr `ycg" Kcw Ir`bí`nw yasw wsrycnk%kcbt" Tast gc psc yasw icrc| psn bc wcr` z`w gabiarec

ê k„îdsg`tnab dc yaw gf`zcrabw wcr` rîzîtî z`rtastgaeec sbc z`rtngsk`rntî gsktsrckkc+ sbc dîi`nkk`bgcîdsg`tnyc+ sb dîi`st d„`wwnenk`tnab+ sbc zrcsycd„nezawwnokc nbtîmr`tnab"Zasr yasw+ kcw gfawcw wc z`wwcbt taslasrw dniiîrce%ecbt psc zasr kcw Ir`bí`nw" G`r csv wabt gfc| csv 8 nkwzcsycbt dabg knorcecbt w`gg`mcr+ wasnkkcr+ ir`sdcr+ wczk`nbdrc+ grntnpscr+ wsrtast w„nkw z`ncbt dcw nezôtw"Yasw+ `s eanbdrc zct dc tr`ycrw i`nt zasr i`nrc gaeeckcw Ir`bí`nw eastabbncrw psn cvnmcbt dc yasw psc yaswi`wwnc| tast gaeec csv zasr bc z`w yasw rclctcr+z`rtast aþ yasw nrc| ab yasw tr`ntcr` dc zîtae`bcw&¨ ab ¸+ gc wabt kcw `strcw mraszcw psn bc iabt z`w

cv`gtcecbt kcw eìecw gfawcw psc kc mraszc psn yasw ì`nt ¨ zîtcr ¸. 8 sb ¨ zct dc tr`ycrw ¸ bc wnmbninc z`wsb ¨ grnec gabtrc k„fse`bntî ¸+ gck` wnmbninc sb ¨ `gtcpsn dîzk`nt zcs as zras ê yaw `stazragkèîw lsmcw dcweŗsrw+ dc k` ear`kc+ dcw sw ct dcw gastsecw &kcwzctntw Ir`bí`nw dc ecrdc psn wc zrcbbcbt zasr dcw

e`tîrn`knw`tnabw cvcezk`nrcw dc k` gnynknw`tnab ir`b%í`nwc `denròkc+ oncb ps„nkw b„cb wancbt wasycbt psc kcwrîwndsw dc iòrng`tnab. ¸" Kcw r`gnwtcw Ir`bí`nw bîa%gakabn`knwtcw wc gabwndærcbt gaeec kcw e`âtrcw d„ngn+psn iabt gc ps„nkw ycskcbt+ t`bdnw psc yasw+ ìtrcwnbiîrncsrw+ b„`yc| z`w ê kcw nentcr d`bw kcsrw zrîra%

m`tnycw rîm`kncbbcw+ csv psn ycskcbt psc yasw i`wwnc|



64

gc ps„nkw yasw dnwcbt+ z`w gc ps„nkw iabt &zasr oncb yaswdnwtnbmscr d„csv. 8 w`si ps`bd nkw yasw dnwcbt kc

gabtr`nrc" Yasw ìtcw zcrísw gaeec dcw Gaszîw gfc|psn kcw iceecw wabt yankîcw+ tckkcecbt irswtrîwwcvsckkcecbt ps„nkw dîyarcbt ds rcm`rd ct `mrcwwcbtkcw iceecw psn bc wabt z`w yankîcw" Zasr kcw Ir`bí`nwdc k` Y`wc+ yasw ìtcw dcw `mrcwwcsrw wcvsckw cby`drasnkkc as ê k„ìiøt"Ct dabg+ wn yasw bc yasw r`wc| z`w psatndncbbcecbtt`bdnw psc yasw ìtcw sb gîkno`t`nrc irîtnkk`bt psn bc yntz`w cb gaszkc+ g„cwt psc yasw ìtcw sb ¨ zanbtcsr ¸ cbzsnww`bgc+ îycbtsckkcecbt dasokî d„sb nbtîmrnwtcè`tcsr dc inkkcttcw" G`r tck cwt kc gfcenbcecbtecbt`k ds bîa Gra%e`mbab ir`bí`nw < gîkno`t`nrc+ babcbgf`âbî+ knorc+ zrîd`tcsr+ o`ros+ nwkènwtc+ enwam~bc+

zîdazfnkc ‗ oncbtôt e`rnî ê sbc inkkcttc ‗+ yakcsrd„`ndcw wagn`kcw" G„cwt `swwn kc gfcenbcecbt dcwE`mfrîonbcw psn zraintcbt yakabtncrw dc k` zratcgtnabdc k„Ct`t ir`bí`nw bîa%iîenbnwtc+ ct psn+ b„ît`bt z`weîzrnwîcw ct rclctîcw gaeec kcw E`mfrîonbw+ zrcb%bcbt z`rianw kcsr rcy`bgfc wsr kcw zctntw e`gfnwtcw

ps„ckkcw zcbwcbt zasyanr eîzrnwcr w`bw rctasr dcikèec" Dabg+ kcw gîkno`t`nrcw+ w`gfc|%kc+ yasw ìtcwzcrísw gaeec dcw irswtrîw wcvsckw zrìtw ê `mrcwwcrwcvsckkcecbt kcw Ir`bí`nwcw psn bc wcrabt z`w wsr kcsrm`rdc ct `swwn zrìtcw ê yasw ròrascr as ê yaswg`wtrcr d„sb y`nkk`bt gasz dc zncd rîwnwt`bt" Zasr kcw

zctntw eïkcw `zcsrîw dc k` Ir`bgc y`wcswc+ yasw ìtcw



63

sbc ecb`gc+ ct zasr kcw eïkcw daenb`btw ‗ gf`wwcsrwdc mnoncr ‗ yasw ìtcw ê gf`wwcr"

XCgastc| oncb gc psn wsnt+ kcw G_Z ct kcw _arambn`nw…Lc o`k`bgc+ gfncbw dc Hsk ct dc _aramb` ! dcw z„tntcwgabbcrncw dc ecrdc ‗ psn bc yasw z`wwcbt z`w `s%dcwwsw dc k` tìtc ‗+ gaeec yasw kcw `nec|"U

Wn dcw `dakcwgcbtw ir`bí`nw ct `strcw ir`bga%nt`kncbww„èswcbt sb zcs traz `ycg k` ir`bga%cwz`mbakc `da%kcwgcbtc psn tr`âbc `ycg csv?0+ ab bc rîzætcr` z`w wsr

?0 Psckkc nrabnc ds wart zasr gckkc psn+ rîzît`bt kcw eîdnw`bgcw dc

wcw mîbntcsrw+ `sr` tr`ntî dc zstc k„Cwz`mbakc e`rnîc ê sb E`mfrî%onb 8 gaeec wabt tr`ntîcw dc zstcw+ z`r kcsr zrazrc iènkkc+ gcrt`n%bcw Ir`bí`nwcw psn wc y`strcbt `ycg dcw E`mfrîonbw"D`bw k„`strc wcbw+ g„cwt znrc+ ct gck` y` lswps„`s ecsrtrc" Ct d`bwkcw ynkk`mcw+ kcw _`wg`wwcw psn kcw nentcbt bc tscbt z`w cbgarc kcsrinkkc yak`mc+ e`nw nkw ycnkkcbt+ cb k„îdsps`bt gaeec nk gabyncbt+ ê gcps„`sgsb E`mfrîonb bc k„`zzragfc+ bc k` tasgfc+ ct wn zawwnokc+ bc k`rcm`rdc"

Ab bc w„îtabbcr` z`w dc yanr sb lasr gcrt`nbcw Ir`bí`nwcw yankîcw êk„`bgncbbc+ zasr kcw waswtr`nrc `s rcm`rd dcw eîtæpscw" Cb `ttcb%d`bt dc yanr gck`+ nkw zasrrabt gfcrgfcr ê w`yanr psck zfîbaeæbc`bne`k zradsnt+ wsr kcw _`wg`wwcw batèecbt+ k` ynwnab d„sbc ê zcnbc lcsbc iceec ir`bí`nwc+ r`ynww`btc Ok`bgfc yankîc ê k` eadceswske`bc+ d`bw sb ynkk`mc aþ ¨ ab ¸ wc wcbt`nt dîlê ¨ cby`fnw z`rkcw îtr`bmcrw ¸ ps`bd dcw Ir`bga%nt`kncbw w„~ ît`ncbt nbwt`kkîw…

gcsv psn zcbwcbt ps„nk wsiinr`nt dc dnwzcrwcr d`bw kcw ynkk`mcw dcIr`bgc kcw @ròa%ìra%e`mfrîonbw dcw gntîw sro`nbcw+ zasr ps„nkw



69

tasw kcw tantw psc gcksn%gn cwt sb ynakcsr ct psc gcksn%kêcwt sb ynakcsr 8 ab bc gakkcr` z`w wsr kcsr daw

k„îtnpscttc dcw zcrycrw+ e`nw ab wc dce`bdcr` wn yatrcmawwc b„ît`nt z`w dc k` z`rtnc ct w„nk b„` z`w cbtr`âbî kcw`strcw" Ab cbtcrrcr` k„ìi`nrc" Wn gcw eìecw `dakcw%gcbtw w`gg`mcbt kc osw d„sb gakkæmc+ ab bc rîzætcr` z`wwsr tasw kcw tantw psc gcksn%gn cwt sb y`bd`kc ct pscgcksn%kê cwt sb y`bd`kc 8 ab bc gakkcr` z`w wsr kcsr dawk„îtnpscttc dcw dîknbps`btw+ e`nw ab wc dce`bdcr` wnyatrc mawwc b„ît`nt z`w dc k` z`rtnc ct w„nk b„` z`wcbtr`âbî kcw `strcw" Ab bc dnr` z`w < ¨ Nk i`st kcwwsrycnkkcr+ csv+ nkw iabt kcw 4:: gaszw ! ¸ 8 e`nw kcwz`rcbtw dc gcw m`rbcecbtw dnrabt ps„nk i`st wsrycnkkcryaw mawwcw" Ab cbtcrrcr` k„ìi`nrc"XO`ycttc dc onwtrat[U Z`syrcw irswtrîw wcvsckw+ gcw

Ir`bí`nw ! Kcsr gsktsrc g`tfaknpsc orndc tckkcecbt k`wcvs`kntî ps„nkw danycbt ynakcr zasr k` w`tnwi`nrc !Zcbd`bt psc kcw z`~w wg`bdnb`ycw îycnkk`ncbt kcsrw mcbwê k` wcvs`kntî ct ê k` bsdntî+ kcw Ir`bí`nw grn`ncbt `swg`bd`kc dcw enbn%lszcw" Nk ` i`kks kcsr dabbcr dsgnbîe` zarbamr`zfnpsc+ ct dc k` knorc wcvs`kntî z`r

k„cvcezkc+ ct dc k„îe`bgnz`tnab iîenbnbc ct dc k„îm`kntîdcw wcvcw z`r k` kan+ zasr ps„nkw `ncbt sbc zstc êdaengnkc+ ps„nkw bc wc k`wwcbt z`w dc kcsr iceec+ ctps„nkw b„`nkkcbt z`w ynakcr kcw inkkcw dcw `strcw 8 zasrps„nkw wc wcbtcbt kcw fîr`stw dc k` eadcrbntî+ kcw

wancbt `ggcztîw ct nbtîmrîw 8 ps`bd 0 îtr`bmcr d`bw sb ynkk`mc+ g„cwtgaeec 0::: d`bw sbc zctntc ynkkc+ ct 0::„::: d`bw sbc mr`bdc ynkkc"



6=

dnmbnt`nrcw dc k` gnynknw`tnab `y`bgîc" Fcsrcswcecbtpsc kcw @eîrng`nbw ‗ zratcwt`btw ‗?? abt knoîrî k`

Ir`bgc ‗ dc wcw g`rg`bw g`tfaknpscw ‗ cb kcsr i`nw`btdîgasyrnr kc eadc dc ync ê k„èîrng`nbc &psn iòrnpscdcw tscsrw cb wîrnc ct dcw ynakcsrw ê k` gf`âbc. 8e`kfcsrcswcecbt zasr kcw b`tnab`knwtcw+ psn wabtgaeec kcw @ròa%e`mfrîonbw ps„nkw eîzrnwcbt zasrkcsr `rrnîr`tnab+ `karw ps„nkw `wznrcbt `s eìec eadc dcync gabwcry`tcsr ct `s eìec rîmnec zakntnpsc tat`kn%t`nrc+ psn nezawcr` ê tasw dc wc e`rncr+ d„`kkcr ê kècwwc+ dc wc i`nrc o`ztnwcr+ d„îgastcr cvgkswnycecbtdc k` eswnpsc tr`dntnabbckkc+ dc bc knrc psc kcw ŗsyrcwy`kndîcw z`r k` gcbwsrc ît`tnpsc+ dc yatcr zasr kc z`rtnsbnpsc+ dc zcbwcr wckab k` zcbwîc sbnpsc… XO`ycttc dconwtratU

Wn sb dcw Ir`bga%nt`kncbw wc rctrasyc tcezar`nrcecbt`ycg kcw ~csv gakkîw z`r k„cvzkawnab d„sb cvzkawni dcgf`btncr `ycg kcpsck nk ` lasî `ycg sb gaez`rwc+ g„cwtk„îean 8 w„nk `y`nt îtî eart+ gck` `sr`nt îtî sbc tr`mîdnc"Lc yasw k`nwwc ne`mnbcr gc psn wc dnr`nt w„nk `rrny`nt kèìec gfawc ê sb Ir`bga%e`mfrîonb" Wn gc Ir`bga%

nt`kncb yakc sb dngt`zfabc d`bw sbc yantsrc+ ab bcgakkcr` z`w wsr wab daw k„îtnpscttc ds yakcsr" Wn gcksn%kêinbnt wcw lasrw d`bw w` yantsrc rasmc+ sbc wcrnbmscd`bw kc or`w+ ¨ wsrdawî ¸ dc iargc ê k` zasdrc ok`bgfc

?? Kcw Lsniw garrsztcsrw ct nbwtnkk`tcsrw ds yngc faeawcvsck+

zarbamr`zfnpsc ct `kgaaknpsc+ psn ycskcbt dîtrsnrc k` Ir`bgc z`rycbmc`bgc… dnrabt dcw Wasgfcw"



66

‗ `zræw `yanr z`wwî w` ync ê w„`kgaaknwcr ct ê isecr ‗+g„cwt+ drè`tnpscecbt+ sbc yngtnec ‗ dc ynk`nbw rcycb%

dcsrw cvatnpscw ‗?7

" Ab bc w„ît`kcr` d„`nkkcsrw z`w wsrkc yngc as k` eîzrnwòkc i`nokcwwc dc g`r`gtærc dcwdramsîw ds grs+ z`rgc ps„nkw wc wcrabt rîismnîw d`bw k`zaswwnærc ok`bgfc zasr w„~ y`strcr gaeec dcw enb`%okcw 8 bn eìec wsr kc d`bmcrcsv ct neear`k trìng dcdramscw ps„nkw `srabt nbtradsnt kê aþ wabt kcw w`gra%w`nbtw zctntw cbi`btw zraenw `s ock ct cbynî `ycbnr+ babz`w d„cbi`btw dc gfŗsr+ e`nw d„cbi`btw dc zst`nb" E`nwwn sb Ir`bga%e`mfrîonb tasgfc dc zræw as dc k` kanb êdc k` dramsc+ g„cwt `wwsrîecbt sb dîknbps`bt+ sbd`bmcrcsv trìnps`bt+ sb nbirîpscbtòkc+ sb mnoncr dczatcbgc"Wn sb mènb dc 0: `bw gf`z`rdc sb 43 tasrw ps„nk

b„îgastcr` eìec z`w+ cwt%gc z`r hkcztae`bnc+ `ycbtsrcd`bw k„Nbtcrdnt+ z`r enwærc inb`bgnærc as oncb z`renwærc ìicgtnyc+ `ttnrî z`r k` zfata dc k` gf`btcswc+ps„nk i`nt `nbwn `gtc dc zartcr tast gabtrc ksn" Oncb dcwnbtcrzrît`tnabw wabt zawwnokcw+ e`nw kcw gabw b„cbgabb`nwwcbt ps„sbc < gckkc psn kcsr zcrect dc gr`gfcr

wsr gcsv psn bc wabt z`w ct bc iabt z`w gaeec csv" Cbrî`kntî nk ~ ` sbc wcskc yîrntòkc kcíab ê tnrcr dc gc psn

?7 Kcw trìnps`btw dc g`bbònw ct dc zasdrcw wabt dcw E`mfrîonbw&gôtî g`gfctabw+ nk i`st rcm`rdcr `nkkcsrw.+ ct kcw gabwaee`tcsrw dcw

Ir`bí`nw" E`nw kcw ynk`nbw wabt kcw E`mfrîonbw+ kcw nbbagcbtcw ct zsrcwyngtnecw garraezscw wabt kcw gabwaee`tcsrw…



6>

wc dnt dcw yakcsrw < wn yasw yakc|+ i`ntcw zraintcr gcsvpsn yasw `ggaez`mbcbt+ zasr kncr kcsr k`bmsc"

Zasr kcw Ir`bí`nw+ nk cwt cbtcbds ps„nk b„~ ` z`w dciseîc w`bw ics < yasw ìtcw dcw yakcsrw" E`nw kcw Ir`b%í`nw wabt `kkîw `s g`tîgfnwec+ aþ nkw abt `zzrnw pscyakcr cwt sb zîgfî psn gabdsnt cb k„cbicr+ tast `s eanbwd`bw k„cbicr tcrrcwtrc+ wn oncb psc k` zctntc gaznbc bcyakcr` z`w kc onlas dc z`gatnkkc dabt ckkc ` cbync+ babbab… ckkc dce`bdcr` `s zctnt gaz`nb dc kc ksn yakcr"Yasw bc kc icrc| z`w+ e`nw gck` yasw tr`y`nkkcr` k„cwzrnt+tast gc psc k„ab dnt wsr yasw+ kcw mcbw ds Wsd" Ct nk wcz`wwcr` gc psn wc z`wwc d`bw kc zragcwwsw dc iare`%t`mc dcw nbdnyndsw < sb faeec `mnt gaeec gcgn+ sbciceec gaeec gck`+ zasr zk`nrc `sv inkkcw &`sv m`ríabw.nk i`st ìtrc gaeec gcgn+ w„fònkkcr gaeec gck`+ sb

Ir`bí`nw cwt gcgn+ sb @ròc cwt gck`+ sb Lsni cwt gcgnct gck`" Ct gf`gsb dc wc gabiarecr+ zasr sb tcezw ‗ wngck` bc ksn garrcwzabd z`w iabgnærcecbt+ wn k` zrcwwnabwagn`kc cwt îzfîeærc gaeec sbc eadc ‗ as zasr sbcync ‗ w„nk ~ trasyc wab gaeztc as w„nk wc k`nwwc `knîbcr ‗+ê gc psn wc dnt dc gc psc yasw ìtcw gcbwîw ìtrc as

dcycbnr" Yasw cvzîrnecbtc| dabg+ cb mraszc as cbwaknt`nrc+ gc psc yasw ìtcw gcbwîw `yanr cvzîrnecbtîas `daztî+ wckab kc dnwgasrw èon`bt+ cb t`bt psc gcgnas cb t`bt psc gck`+ ds i`nt dc yatrc arnmnbc+ dc yatrcwcvc+ as cbgarc dc yatrc ïmc" E`nw yasw+ ngn+ tast gcpsc yasw cvzîrnecbtcrc| rcwtcr` mr`yî ê lè`nw

‗ d`bw kcw gŗsrw dc zncrrc ‗" Gc psc iabt kcw Ir`bí`nw



>:

wcr` yntc asoknî wn gck` dîinmsrc k„ne`mc psc kcw `strcwwc iabt d„csv 8 k` y`wc cwt zk`wtnpsc+ g„cwt zasrpsan kcw

y`wcsv bc rctncbbcbt `sgsbc kcíab dc k„Fnwtanrc+`sgsbc kcíab dcw îkcgtnabw `btîrncsrcw"Wn yasw cezrsbtc| dcw e`m`|nbcw ê sbc gabb`nww`bgc?4+e`nw psc yasw kcw k`nwwc| tr`âbcr `wwc| kabmtcezw ‗ cteìec lswps„ê kcw asokncr ‗ zasr psc k„ab yasw `ggswc dce`sy`nwcw e`bnærcw yakcswcw+ psc icrabt kcw Ir`bí`nwdcy`bt psn kcw gaeeærcw `srabt ît`kî yatrc e`gskîzraink 1 K„sb yasw dnr` < ¨ Nk cwt oncb gc knyrc+ yasw eckc zrìtc| 1 Lc yasw kc rcbdr`nw" ¸ Nk bc icr` z`w+ nk b„cb`y`nt z`w k„nbtcbtnab 8 gck` wc ycrr` d`bw wab `nr" Ndcezasr gcksn as gckkc psn yasw cezrsbtcr` sb knyrc as sbdnwpsc" W`bw z`rkcr dc gcksn psn yasw cezrsbtcr`+ w`bw lè`nw yasw kc rcbdrc+ sb astnk dc tr`y`nk" Ct z`rtast

kcw grîtnbw dc _aramb`nw rîzætcrabt k` mr`bdc ìi`nrcê tasw gcsv psn+ nee`bpsòkcecbt+ nrabt cbpsìtcr wsryasw z`rgc ps„nkw b„`rrnycbt z`w ê yasw gcrbcr"Wn sbc gabb`nww`bgc yasw zrìtc sb dnwpsc+ kcw grîtnbwdc _arambn`nw kc ecttrabt cb m`rdcbt < ¨ @ttcbtnab+ nk

?4 Inkw dc Zncd%banrw psn yant cb yasw dcw oaswcsv græyc%k`%i`ne+ êpsn kcw Ir`bí`nw `zzartcbt k` gnynknw`tnab+ k` gsktsrc+ k` basrrntsrc+k` eîdcgnbc+ k„îdsg`tnab+ ct psn+ gaezkcvî z`r sb wcbtnecbt dcwszîrnarntî+ wc grant tcbs dc yasw yanr `ggcztcr dcw zradsntwgsktsrckw dc ksn tast cb rcisw`bt dcw zradsntw gsktsrckw dc yasw+ìnb dc gabinrecr kc tîeanmb`mc dcw gakabn`knwtcw 8 `nbwn eìec psctck `bgncb dc k` mscrrc d„@kmîrnc ycrr` cb yasw dcw græyc%k`%i`ne

ê psn nk tcbd`nt sb oast dc z`nb" _ck`tnab èonmsè o`wîc wsr dcwgabgcztnabw dniiîrcbtcw dc k` zrazrnîtî+ ds dab ct ds zrìt"



>0

y` z`w tc kc rcbdrc ! ¸ Psc yasw kc rcbdnc| bc gf`bmcr`rncb ê gc ps„nkw dnrabt dc yasw lswps„ê yatrc eart+ ct

eìec `zræw+ g`r nk cwt `swwn i`gnkc dc kcsr dabbcr sbcfòntsdc dc zcbwîc ps„nk cwt dniingnkc dc k` kcsrcbkcycr 8 wsrtast wn ckkc y` d`bw kc wcbw dc gc psn kcsr `îtî nbgskpsî dsr`bt k„cbi`bgc+ `ycg k` iargc ds r`gn`%knwec" Sbc `strc gabb`nww`bgc yasw dnr` dc m`rdcr sbdnwpsc ps„ckkc b„îgastc zksw+ ct psc yasw b„`src| z`wdce`bdî" Dcsv ê tranw eanw zksw t`rd+ ckkc yncbdr` yaswkc rîgkècr+ wsr sb tab dîgndî+ cb w„`ttcbd`bt ê gc pscyasw rciswnc|+ gabiareîecbt ê gc psc ksn `srabt dntkcw _arambn`nw" Nk `sr` e`bnicwtcecbt asoknî gc ps„nkyasw `sr` dnt+ as oncb yasw `src| e`k gaezrnw kc wcbwdc gc ps„nk yasw `sr` dnt < ¨ Tncbw+ m`rdc%kc" ¸K`w dc gcw psnzrapsaw+ yasw rciswcrc| dæw karw tast

zrìt+ ct yasw bc dce`bdcrc| zksw rncb ê zcrwabbc" Gck`rîwasdr`%t%nk kcw gfawcw 1 Ocb bab ! Z`rgc psc kcw_arambn`nw dnrabt psc yasw bc yaskc| z`w aiirnr+ pscyasw bc yaskc| z`w zrìtcr+ psc yasw bc yaskc| z`wz`rt`mcr" Ct yatrc rîwcryc+ yatrc dnwt`bgc ct yatrc`wagn`kntî `zz`rcbtc+ astrc yatrc znbmrcrnc wszzawîc+

yasw icrabt z`wwcr zasr… dcw Lsniw 8 gc psn gabdsnr`kcw Onb`nrcw ê cbpsìtcr wsr yasw zasr w`yanr psn yaswìtcw" G„cwt `nbwn" Kcw gfawcw danycbt ìtrc gaeec csv kcycskcbt+ gaeec kc kcsr abt nezawî kcw îkcycsrw psn kcwabt drcwwîw+ iare`tîw+ zramrèeîw+ ceornm`dîw"@nbwn+ ps`bd sb Ir`bga%nt`kncb yasdr` gaznbcr `ycg

yasw+ nk icr` gc psc iabt kcw zctntw cbi`btw+ gaeec kcw



>?

mr`bdw cbi`btw" Nk gfcrgfcr` ê tnwwcr sb kncb ê tr`ycrwsb aolct zrìtî as sbc `gtnyntî gaeesbc" Nk yasw

zrazawcr` d„cww`~cr sb nbwtrsecbt zasr psc yasw kcgaez`rnc| `s yôtrc &ab cwt d`bw kc eìec eîg`bnweczw~gfnpsc psc kc tasgfc%znzn < lc tc eabtrc e` |nmas%bcttc+ ts ec eabtrcw k` tncbbc." Wn yasw rciswc|+ yaswwæecrc| kc trasokc < ¨ Zasrpsan 1 Z`rgc psc g„cwt ean 1! ¸Yasw gabb`nwwc| w`bw dastc gc mcbrc dc gïok`mcecbt`k+ zsnwpsc g„cwt kc yôtrc+ psn wc e`bnicwtc ps`bdkcw zrnentniw trno`sv dc yatrc cwzægc ct dc yawdîwcrtw wc dnwcbt aiicbwîw z`r kc rcisw ds tîeanmb`mcd„èntnî as d„fawznt`kntî ps„nkw yasw abt `drcwwî" Kcwîmagcbtrnpscw wabt `nbwn < nkw bc yancbt kcw gfawcw ps„êtr`ycrw csv ct gc ps„nkw ycskcbt" Nkw bc gabíanycbt z`wpsc k„ab zsnwwc `yanr sbc `strc i`íab dc i`nrc+ d„ìtrc ct

dc zcbwcr" ¨ Gaeec basw ¸+ zcbwcbt ct dnwcbt kcwctfbagcbtrnpscw"K` eantnî dcw Ir`bí`nw wabt dcw grîtnbw+ gaeec yasw+w`gfc|%kc" Yasw `yc| tast nbtîrìt ê bc z`w kcw gôta~cr"Nkw abt k„`nr gcbwîw+ ct eìec nbmîbncsv+ z`rgc ps„nkwtasrbcbt cb rabd ct cb g`dcbgc d`bw k„`wnkc aþ nkw wabt

bîw+ dczsnw kcpsck tast kc eabdc gabíant kc wcsk sbnycrwds zawwnokc" E`nw nkw irnwcbt k` dîonkntî" D„`nkkcsrw+ w„nkb„~ `y`nt z`w tast sb kat dc dîonkcw z`ren kcw Ir`bí`nw+gaeecbt kcw o`bpsncrw zasrr`ncbt%nkw zrawzîrcr lswps„êdcycbnr kcw sktr` rngfnwwnecw e`âtrcw ds eabdc 1Wørcecbt z`w cb zrìt`bt dc k„`rmcbt `sv cbtrc%

zrcbcsrw" Gaeecbt kcw rcknmnabw onoknpscw `sr`ncbt%



>7

ckkcw zs rîmcbtcr kc eabdc 1 Gaeecbt kcw gf`rk`t`bwdc k` eîeanrc gakkcgtnyc `sr`ncbt%nkw zs dîtraswwcr kcw

Ir`bí`nw 1 Gaeecbt kcw Ir`bí`nw `sr`ncbt%nkw zsw„`ggaeeadcr dc k` zr`tnpsc dc k` gnrgabgnwnab+ w„nkwb„ît`ncbt z`w `swwn grîtnbw psc yasw 1 @swwn gabw cteîgf`btw+ `swwn w`dnpscw ct e`wagfnwtcw+ `swwn zstcwct oìtcw < csv gaeec yasw psn bc rcwzcgtc| psc kcwgnrgabgnwcsrw+ kcw îmarmcsrw+ kcw g`wtr`tcsrw… gcsv psnyasw g`wwcbt k` tìtc cb yasw i`nw`bt gr`gfcr yawtrnzcw" Nkw wc zrcbbcbt zasr dcw gnynknw`tcsrw+ e`nw k`zksz`rt d„cbtrc csv abt îtî gnynknwîw+ as zkstôt daecw%tnpsîw+ z`r gcsv%kê eìecw psn yasw abt gakabnwîw ctdaecwtnpsîw 8 ct g„cwt `nbwn eìec psc yasw%eìecwzrîtcbdc| dîware`nw ìtrc dcw gnynknw`tcsrw" Kcw Ir`b%í`nw dc k` Y`wc+ tast ¨ Wasgfcw ¸ ps„nkw wancbt+ wabt kcw

`bgncbw ¨ oasmbaskw ¸ dc gcsv psn yasw abt enw ê kcsrzk`gc"Nkw yancbt mraw+ nkw yancbt f`st+ nkw yancbt mr`bd 8 zasrcsv+ z`w zasr k` Ir`bgc+ psn w„cbiabgc+ w„cbiabgc+w„cbiabgc nbîksgtòkcecbt… Nkw abt z`rianw kcw ~csvf~zcrtrazfnîw+ gcsv dabt kcw mkaocw agsk`nrcw yasw

wceokcbt dîware`nw dîdnîw" G`r kcw gabw dc Ir`bí`nwyasw wsrycnkkcbt+ yasw cwznabbcbt+ yasw wgrstcbt" Nkwrcm`rdcbt aþ yasw znwwc|+ aþ yasw ecttc| kcw zncdw+ wnyasw yasw ìtcw k`yî kcw arcnkkcw+ kcw e`nbw+ ct wn yatrcgsk wcbt e`sy`nw" E`nw nkw bc rcm`rdcbt rncb dc gc psnwc trèc `s%dcwwsw dc kcsr tìtc+ ê k„îgfckkc b`tnab`kc

ct nbtcrb`tnab`kc+ ct psn dîtcrenbc kc dcwtnb dc



>4

k„fse`bntî" _ce`rpsc|+ nkw bc wcbtcbt z`w bab zksw træwoab+ kcw Ir`bí`nw psn zscbt kc znzn ê tr`ycrw kcsr

z`bt`kab+ bn kcw Ir`bí`nwcw psn zscbt kc znzn dc waswkcsr lszc" E`nw í` bc kcw dîr`bmc z`w+ kcw Ir`bí`nw psnwc z`risecbt" Zcst%ìtrc z`rgc ps„nkw wabt d`y`bt`mcfòntsîw ê kcsr zrazrc adcsr 8 gckkc dcw znwwcsv ps„nkwwabt+ lswtc oabw ps„nkw wabt+ ê wc kècbtcr wsr gc pscyasw `yc| dc zksw ps„csv+ mrïgc ê csv+ `s dîtrnecbtd„csv"Nkw yasw rcm`rdcbt dc f`st+ e`nw nkw rcm`rdcbt o`w" Kcwfnwtanrcw dc hnhn+ í` kcw i`wgnbc" Nkw wsrycnkkcbt kc hnhndc kcsrw mawwcw+ kc hnhn dc kcsr e`rn+ kc hnhn dcw yanwnbw+kc hnhn dcw E`mfrîonbw+ kc hnhn dcw Lsniw+ kc hnhn dcw`bmcw ct dcw e`rtncbw+ e`nw kc rcwtc+ í` kcw dîz`wwccbgarc zksw+ ct eìec tckkcecbt ps„nkw bc gfcrgfcbt z`w

ê w„~ nbtîrcwwcr gaeec nkw kc iabt `ycg kc hnhn" Nkw bcrcgfcrgfcbt z`w dcw zrcsycw dc zrîwcbgc cvtr`%tcrrcwtrc+ nkw rè`wwcbt kcw grattcw psc z`rwæecbt kcwsbw ct kcw `strcw" _è`wwcr dcw grattcw zasr kcwmrnmbatcr wsr kc gaeztanr dcw onwtratw+ g„cwt ê kcsrzartîc"

@karw+ z`rtast aþ nkw nrabt+ yaw mawwcw wcrabt cbtr`âbîwwsr kc tcrr`nb ds wcvc ct dc k` wcvs`kntî+ d„sbc z`rtzasr kcsr i`nrc dnrc w„nkw wabt gnrgabgnw &g„cwt%ê%dnrcw„nkw wabt gaeec kcw Ir`bí`nw as z`w+ w„nkw abt dabg`wwnenkî k` gsktsrc ir`bí`nwc as z`w+ w„nkw wabt dabgIr`bí`nw ‗ gaeec kcw Ir`bga%csrazîcbw ‗ as z`w.+

d„`strc z`rt z`rgc psc baeorc dc Ir`bí`nw wszzawcbt



>3

psc yatrc wcvs`kntî cwt `swwn gaszîc &`swwn rnwnokc+`swwn ynkc ct rîzsmb`btc. psc yatrc wcvc as kc g`bbònw

psc yasw iasrmsc| `sv e`bmc%ecrdc ir`bí`nw 8 g`r kci`nt psc baeorc dc Ir`bí`nwcw wc y`strcbt `ycg yaswas yaw mawwcw+ yakabt`nrcecbt &zaswwîcw z`r sbczcrycrwntî ocwtn`kc ps„cvgntc ct ect cb `zzîtnt sbwcvc estnkî gaeec cbw`bmk`btî. as z`r i`nokcwwc dcg`r`gtærc &cb wsggaeo`bt ê yaw ièîknpscw asgabpsîr`btw `ww`stw ocwtn`sv.+ k`nwwc baeorc dcIr`bí`nw zcrzkcvcw+ dîzntîw as dîmaøtîw &nkw abt dabgocwanb d„cb w`yanr d`y`bt`mc wsr kcw ontcw gaszîcw."E`nw yasw i`nrc ît`kcr yatrc nbtnentî &yasw i`nrc¨ ecttrc ê zank ¸. tncbt ds zrnynkæmc dc k„`starntî wsrk„`denbnwtrî+ ds z`rcbt wsr k„cbi`bt" @swwn+ wn yaswi`ntcw `ycg csv gc ps„nkw iabt `ycg yasw &zasr e`bn%

icwtcr sbc oabbc yakabtî d„`wwnenk`tnab gsktsrckkc.+gck` wcr` e`k`drant ct nbgabmrs 8 g`r yasw bc dcyc|z`rkcr dc wcvc `ycg kcw Ir`bí`nw ps„ê kcsr dce`bdccvzrcwwc+ ps`bd+ zrcwpsc+ nkw yasw cb nbtnecbt k„ardrc"Wn yasw kc i`ntcw `ycg kcw iceecw+ zasr yasw gabiar%ecr ê k„èon`bgc mrnyanwc dcw kncsv+ gc wcr` cbgarc zksw

e`k zrnw" @nbwn+ wn sbc Ir`bí`nwc yasw ect dasgcecbt kè`nb `sv icwwcw+ z`rgc ps„ckkc cb ` cbync+ z`rgc ps„ckkcyasw ¨ tasrbc `stasr ¸ ct wc gakkc ê yasw cb rces`btwcw icwwcw gabtrc yasw ‗ `zræw `yanr esktnzknî kcwwnmb`sv dc gfncbbcw cb gf`kcsr+ psn yasw èswcbt



>9

`st`bt psc k` z`r`dc èasrcswc dcw `bne`sv dc o`wwc%gasr ‗?3+ w`gf`bt psc yaw onwcw psatndncbbcw wabt

gcbwîcw `yanr grîî sbc ìinbntî+ yasw icrnc| e`sy`nwcinmsrc &d„faeawcvs`kntî+ d„nbgaez`tnonkntî gsktsrckkc+d„`mnt`tnab wagn`kc+ dc enknt`btnwec ndîakamnpsc+ ctg". wnyasw k` ròrasnc|+ as oncb wn yasw azzawnc| sbcrce`rpsc faenbnwtc < ¨ Ts yanw… kê+ ts e„`w enw k` e`nb`sv icwwcw" Í` ec dîr`bmc z`w" Ab wc i`nt k` onwc+ abwc gabb`ât" Lc trasyc í` enmbab" XÍ` wsrzrcbd sb zcs+e`nw ~„` znrc gaeec wsrzrnwc"U E`nw wn ean l„`y`nw i`ntk` eìec gfawc+ í` `sr`nt i`nt sb wg`bd`kc 8 ct ab `sr`ntgrnî ê k„`mrcwwnab wcvsckkc+ `ycg ecb`gc dc zragæw ê k`gkî" ¸ Yasw zasrrc| yîrnincr yatrc ynwnab dcw gfawcw cbzaw`bt k` e`nb wsr k` f`bgfc as wsr k„îz`skc &èzkcecbtrceoasrrîcw z`r dcw gasgfcw dc yìtcecbtw. d„sbc

gè`r`dc dc tr`y`nk 8 z`rgc psc kcw iceckkcw ds eabdcasyrncr wabt wasycbt dcw iceckkcw zrîfnwtarnpscw zasrpsn nk b„~ ` d„faeec yîrntòkc psc ocwtn`k+ gc psn kcwicr` yasw f`rgckcr zasr yasw i`nrc tîeanmbcr sbc tckkcocwtn`kntî+ ê w`yanr+ sb nbwtnbgt `bne`k psn yasw zaswwc êyasw y`strcr d`bw dcw gf`ttcw `b`kcw gaeec ckkcw+ cb

k„aggsrrcbgc gaeec gcttc E`rag`nbc psn gfcrgfc ê wcwcbtnr ockkc cb ît`bt ik`ttîc z`r kc dîwnr dcw eïkcw+

?3 Z`rgc ps„cb rî`kntî ckkc gfcrgfc ê ecttrc kc mr`zznb wsr sb oabgab psn ksn zcrecttr` dc bc z`w `yanr ê tr`y`nkkcr" Ckkc w„cwt dabgarncbtîc ycrw sbc dnwgnzknbc ¨ dc ecg ¸ aþ ckkc ît`nt wswgcztnokc

dc trasycr gc ps„ckkc gfcrgf`nt 8 kê aþ ckkc ît`nt tckkcecbt zcs ê w`zk`gc ps„ckkc b„`sr` z`w wab dnzkôec"



>=

ckkc psn cwt easkîc d`bw sbc oastcnkkc d„Ar`bmnb`¢ `smaskat oasgfî z`r sbc tìtc dc gfèc`s &w`si psc d`bw

k` oastcnkkc dnwzrazartnabbîc z`r kc lcs dc k` mr`yn%t`tnab+ nk ~ ` k` mr`nwwc d„sbc knzawsggnab 8 ckkc b„` z`wîtî gnrgabgnwc+ ckkc ` îtî gcbtrnismîc+ `karw wab gcbtrcdc mr`yntî cwt z`wwî ds baeornk ê k` gskattc dcgfcy`k. 8 g`r gcrt`nbcw iceckkcw `necbt îy`kscr ctwcbtnr kc zasyanr dc daenb`tnab ps„ckkcw zcsycbt `yanrwsr kcw eïkcw+ ps„ckkcw zaswwcbt ê oast `y`bt dc wcdîgk`rcr iceecw o`ttscw as iceecw ynakîcw"Kcw ìi`nrcw dc wcvc wabt kcw mr`bdcw ìi`nrcw dseabdc+ dabt ab i`nt mr`bd g`w ps`bd ab bc kcw cbtcrrcz`w `ycg kc gastc`s dcw gnrgabgnwcsrw" @karw+ wn kcw&zrî%.`dakcwgcbtw Ir`bí`nw cbtr`âbcbt sb Ir`bga%e`mfrîonb d`bw dcw wî`bgcw d„cvfnontnab wcvsckkc as

dc e`wtsro`tnab gakkcgtnyc zasr yanr ê psan rcwwceokcsbc ontc dc E`mfrîonb?9 wsr k`psckkc nkw dîok`tærcbtgabtnbsckkcecbt &batèecbt kc r`gnwtc Ir`bga%nt`kncbdc wcryngc+ `nmrn d„fòntcr sb FKE zkstôt ps„sbc ynkk`‗ `s gabtr`nrc ds e`íab e`mfrîonb nkkcttrî psn `gabwtrsnt k` wncbbc dc wcw e`nbw?= ‗+ `ycg sb zærc

?9 Ct `swwn zasr yîrnincr wn kcw E`mfrîonbw wabt `wwnenkòkcw gskts%rckkcecbt z`r kc dab nbgabdntnabbck dc k` b`tnab`kntî ir`bí`nwc" Wnkc Ir`bga%e`mfrîonb cwt gnrgabgnw+ gc b„cwt z`w sb Ir`bí`nw+ kcrcm`rd psn wc zawcr` wsr ksn wcr` dnwt`bt+ nbèng`k+ îtr`bmcr"?= Z`rgc ps„nk i`st dnrc psc kcw Ir`bí`nw wabt wszîrncsrw ê tast kceabdc+ e`nw k` zksz`rt wabt nbg`zòkcw dc gabwtrsnrc kcsr e`nwab+ oncb

psc k` gaezîtcbgc rcpsnwc want ds bnyc`s d„sb G"@"Z"+ psn cwt sb bnyc`sdc ps`kning`tnab psn zcrectt`bt wcskcecbt dc dnrc < ¨ Lc bc wsnw z`w



>6

zkïtrncr `s gfôe`mc+ îyndceecbt îynbgî `s zraint d„sboasmbask ‗ ct bab dc k` tcgfbakamnc èîrng`nbc dcw

zk`pscw dc zkïtrc ‗+ fcnb ! dabt nk dnr` ps„¨ nkw zrcbbcbtkc oaskat dcw Ir`bí`nw ¸+ ps„¨ nkw yakcbt tast `svIr`bí`nw+ e`nw nkw bc kcsr `zzartcbt rncb ¸?6.+ ab dnr`psc kc Ir`bga%e`mfrîonb cwt sb faeawcvsck+ sbzcrycrw dabt nk i`st wc eîincr+ z`rgc ps„nk ycst yanr êpsan rcwwceokc kc zîbnw nbt`gt dcw m`ríabw ir`bí`nw+ ct

sb oab ê rncb" Lc w`nw i`nrc psckpsc gfawc dc ecw e`nbw" ¸ Nkw`ttcbdcbt ps„ab kcsr dabbc k` zcrenwwnab ct k` iargc dc kc i`nrc &abkcw rcgabb`ât+ gcsv psn abt as z`w+ k„ïec dcw cbtrczrcbcsrw+ k„ïecdc gcsv psn abt i`nt k` Ir`bgc zrcwtnmncswc."Oc`sgasz dc Ir`bí`nw w`ycbt wsrtast wc zrîy`kanr dc gc ps„abtrî`knwî kcw @bgncbw dcw Ir`bí`nw îeîrntcw+ `ycg sb wnezkc

Gcrtning`t d„îtsdc+ as eìec rncb+ psc kcsrw or`w+ kcsr daw ct kcsrwe`nbw+ zkstôt ps„`ycg k` oasgfc" @ gcsv%kê+ nk cwt tast oabbcecbtnbwszzartòkc psc dcw îtr`bmcrw w„cbr`gnbcbt cb Ir`bgc cbgabwtrsnw`bt sbc e`nwab+ `karw psc kcw eîdnagrcw Ir`bí`nw grancbtps„ìtrc bîw Ir`bí`nw d„arnmnbc dant kcsr y`kanr dc drant d„ìtrc encsvkatnw ct encsv gabwndîrîw psc b„nezartc psck îtr`bmcr"Kc i`nt cwt ps„nkw wabt nbg`zòkcw dc i`nrc gc ps„sb E`mfrîonb nkkcttrî` ws i`nrc+ gaeec gc zrcwpsc mcbdrc d„sbc inkkc d„cbtrczrcbcsr cb

e`íabbcrnc gfc| psn nk cwt cezka~î+ ct psn ksn `y`nt dnt < ¨ Ts b„ w z`wfabtc ! Ts m`mbcw eanbw ps„sb @ròc" ¸ Gaeoncb m`mbcr`ncbt%nkw 1 d`bwsb w~wtæec îpsntòkc+ tasw gcsv psn oîbîingncbt dcw ciictw dsb`tnab`knwec+ ds gaznb`mc+ ds gkncbtîknwec+ dc k„îkcgtar`knwec 8 zasroîbîingncr d„sb kamcecbt+ d„sb cezkan ct d„sbc g`rrnærc zîzærc"?6 K` rcbm`nbc bc d`tc z`w d„ slasrd„fsn &gaeec kc e~wtærc dcw ontcww`bw zrîzsgc icrabt tasrbcr kcw k`bmscw cbgarc kabmtcezw.+ e`nw

ckkc cwt taslasrw gckkc dc gcsv psn gaeztcbt wsr k` b`tnab zasr kcwb`btnr"



>>

z`rgc psc wab cvfnontnabbnwec cwt îyndceecbt sbcnbynt`tnab ê k` wcvs`kntî faeawcvsckkc+ ct z`rgc ps„nk

zaswwc kcw Ir`bí`nw ê dîyankcr kcsr nbtnentî+ ct z`rgcps„nk gfcrgfc ê lascr ds |n|n `ycg dcw m`ríabw"Yasw ya~c| 1 Yasw bc dcyc| z`w i`nrc eabtrc d„nbntn`%tnyc `ycg kcw Ir`bí`nw+ yasw bc dcyc| z`w kcw cbtr`âbcr+kcw zaswwcr+ kcw nbwznrcr+ kcw dnrnmcr 8 yasw bc dcyc| z`wdîz`wwcr yaw e`âtrcw" Z`r cvcezkc+ wn yasw yaswîycrtsc| ê yasw gabiarecr ê k` barec gsktsrckkc cbnbynt`bt kcw Ir`bí`nw ê yasw ¨ oasrrcr k` mscskc ¸ &ascbgarc ¨ i`nrc kcw gabw ¸. z`rgc ps„nkw abt yasw ~ abt+e`nbtcw ianw+ zaswwî+ kcw inkw dc zstc ir`bí`nw icrabtz`wwcr zasr sbc nbynt`tnab `s dîwacsyrcecbt `kgaaknpscgc psn ît`nt kc m`mc d„sbc yakabtî d„nbtîmr`tnab" Bn cb`y`bgc+ bn cb rct`rd+ yasw dcyc| ìtrc gaeec csv+ cb

zf`wc 8 ìnb ps„nkw zsnwwcbt+ cb yasw gaeec cb kcsrwwceokòkcw+ wc yanr ct w„cbtcbdrc+ wc wcbtnr ct wctasgfcr+ dc k` e`bnærc k` zksw ik`ttcswc zawwnokc"K` zksz`rt dcw mcbw rcdastcbt k` knocrtî" @~`bt îtîzrnyîw dc knocrtî+ d„nbdnynds`kntî+ dc zcrwabb`kntî+ cb`~`bt îtî drcwwîw gaeec dcw gfncbw cb k`nwwc ct

`strcw ocwtn`sv dc o`wwc%gasr+ nkw bc wszzartcbt z`w k`knocrtî dcw `strcw+ psn kcsr `zz`r`nwwcbt `karw gaeectraz dniiîrcbtw+ ct dabg gabtr`nrcw ê wan+ ct dabgzatcbtnckkcecbt d`bmcrcsv as wnezkcecbt gabtr`%rn`btw" Oc`sgasz dc Ir`bí`nw bc wszzartcbt z`w pscyasw zrcbnc| yaw `nwcw cb Ir`bgc+ z`w zksw ps„nkw bc

wszzartcbt dc yasw yanr zrcbdrc dcw knocrtîw `ycg



0::

kcsrw kanw+ kcsrw cwz`gcw+ kcsr gsktsrc+ ctg" Nkwyasdr`ncbt yasw w`yanr z`rpsîw gaeec dcw cwgk`ycw

cbgf`âbîw+ wsrtast z`w eîk`bmîw ê csv ct knorcw d„`kkcrct dc ycbnr gaeec gcsv psn abt drant dc gntî+ g`roîbîingn`bt dc k` gnta~cbbctî"@nbwn+ wn yasw r`gabtc| yaw cvgsrwnabw bagtsrbcw d`bwsb z`rg zsokng aþ dcw bagtèoskcw wc rcbdcbt ‗ z`rgcps„ab zcst ~ dîbngfcr dcw ganbw nbtnenwtcw ct `z`nw`btwwsr kcw f`stcsrw dc k` ynkkc ‗+ kcw incbtcw ir`bí`nwcwcbgf`âbîcw z`r kcsr ync dc iènkkc yasw icrabt sbcrîzst`tnab dc dîknbps`btw psn zîbætrcbt nkkîm`kcecbt+cb gabtasrb`bt sbc mrnkkc+ d`bw sb cwz`gc rîmkcecbtî…E`nw dcw Ir`bí`nw psc yasw `yc| wsnynw+ nkw bc dnrabtrncb+ nkw bc kcw zrîwcbtcrabt z`w wasw gcw tr`ntw `gg`%ok`btw" Zasrpsan 1 Batèecbt z`rgc ps„nkw wabt l`kasv

dc yasw yanr oîbîingncr d„sbc knocrtî psc yasw b„ìtcwz`w rîzstîw `yanr d`bw yaw z`~w d„arnmnbc+ ct dabt yaswoîbîingnc| cb Ir`bgc `karw ps„csv%eìecw cb wabtzrnyîcw ds i`nt dc kcsr e`rn`mc ‗ psc kcsr ` nezawî k`zrcwwnab wagn`kc ‗+ dc kcsr îdsg`tnab dnmbc dcw `bne`svdc o`wwc%gasr psn `mrîecbtcbt k` grægfc ds zctnt

Lîwsw" Nkw yasw gabwndærcbt dabg gaeec encsv katnwps„csv%eìecw+ psn yasdr`ncbt psc k` Ir`bgc kcsrrîwcryc kc zrnynkæmc dc k` knocrtî ‗ dcw eŗsrw ‗ ìnb dczasyanr wc dnrc zksw gnynknwîw psc yasw+ yasw psn ìtcwgcbwîw ìtrc dcw w`sy`mcw cbg`mîw+ dcw òrstnwceornm`dîw+ dcw wasw%dîyckazzîw `knîbîw"



0:0

G„cwt zasrpsan yasw zasrrnc|+ `s gasrw d„sb ¨ wt`mcd„`zzkng`tnab cb cbtrczrnwc ¸ &z`rgc psc yasw `src|

r`bmî k„cbgfcyìtrcecbt dc z`zncrw k`nwwîw wsr kc zawtcdc tr`y`nk z`r k` zrîgîdcbtc wt`mn`nrc.+ cb cbtcbdrc sbpsn dnr` < ¨ Nk i`nt gaeec gfc| ksn" ¸ Wn yasw bc kci`ntcw z`w+ ab dnr` < ¨ Nk fòntc kcw ps`rtncrw Bard" ¸Wn yasw dce`bdc| k„`starnw`tnab dc kc i`nrc+ ab dnr` <¨ Nk i`st tast ksn dnrc+ g„cwt sb dcecsrî+ nk b„` `sgsbwcbw dc k„nbntn`tnyc+ nk b„` z`w `wwc| dc tcezîrècbtzasr tr`y`nkkcr ngn" ¸Wn yasw `yasc| `yanr rè`wwî+ cb msnwc dc wasycbnr+psckpscw zanmbîcw dc wòkc agrc psn w„îgaskc `ycg k`zksnc d`bw sb g`bnyc`s dc _aswwnkkab+ sb Ir`bí`nw yaswk`bgcr`+ ê dcen wg`bd`knwî z`r yatrc taszct+ z`r kc yakdc knocrtî psc yasw `src| gaeenw ê wcw ~csv < ¨ G„cwt

nbtcrdnt ! ¸Gc Ir`bí`nw+ cb k„aggsrrcbgc+ cwt sb t~zc ycst psc tastkc eabdc wc gabiarec ê gc psc ksn ycst < ìtrc cbtasrîdc zatcw zasr lascr ds dlceoî cb ise`bt dc k„fcrocct cb osy`bt+ `stasr d„sb ics wsr sbc zk`mc" G„cwt sbbnæec trno`knwtc psn bc wszzartc z`w kcw knocrtîw

nbdnyndsckkcw+ ct dabg tastc tr`gc d„nbdnynds`knwec+ dciartc zcrwabb`kntî 8 d`bw sbc wagnîtî aþ sbc cwzægcd„îm`knt`rnwec w„cwt nezawî `sv `zz`rcbgcw+ psn danycbtìtrc f~zagrntcw zasr gabycbnr `sv b`áiw psn+ ycvîw dcdîgasyrnr gaeoncb nkw wc wabt i`nt ocrbcr+ zcsycbtdcycbnr e`sy`nw dc yanr gc ps„nkw wabt yr`necbt < kcw

dnbdabw d„sbc i`rgc" Gc Maskat `sr` kc gskat dc yasw



0:?

rczragfcr d„`yanr cezartî gfc| yasw+ ê yatrc wcskoîbîingc îmaáwtc+ sbc z`rtnc dc k` Zraycbgc+ `karw psc

ksn tr`y`nkkc `s Banr t`bdnw ps„nk oîbîingnc ds _EN 8astrc+ ab k„ne`mnbc+ sbc `ndc `s kamcecbt" _czragfc%t%nk`sv Ir`bí`nw dc rè`wwcr dcw gapsnkk`mcw wsr k` zk`mc 1Yasw ne`mnbc| 1 fcnb ! wn tast kc eabdc kc i`nw`nt" K`zk`mc bc wcr`nt zksw k` zk`mc 8 k` Ir`bgc bc wcr`nt zkswk` Ir`bgc !Wn sb Ir`bga%e`mfrîonb i`nt eabtrcr kcw zankw dc wcwrasonmbakcw ê sb zctnt Ir`bga%dc%z`zncr%cwz`mbak dcgnbp `bw wab g`dct ‗ psn wc i`nt e`kecbcr ct ê psn dcwIr`bí`nw rnmak`rdw iabt o`nwwcr kc z`bt`kab zasr ps„nkît`kc+ ê yatrc ysc gaeec ê k` ysc dc tasw+ k` grattc psnzcbd ê wab `bsw nee`bpsòkcecbt z`w targfî ‗+ kcwoardnkkcw wîgrîtnabw dc g`tnb trngakarc traezcttcrabt

z`rtast psc gc Ir`bga%e`mfrîonb cwt sb zîdî zîda%zfnkc?> 8 ckkcw bc dnrabt rncb dcw Ir`bí`nw zartîw wsr

?> Nk w„`yærc ps„nk ` rczradsnt nbgabwgnceecbt gc psc ksn `y`nt wsondcw Ir`bí`nw psn+ kc trasy`bt traz zcs `mrcwwni+ traz mcbtnk+ trazgabgnkn`tcsr+ k„`y`ncbt waszíabbî+ wsr kc tab ds rczragfc ct dc

k„`ggsw`tnab ‗dc t`rc dcy`bt y`kanr cvgkswnab ds r`bm dcw rczra%dsgtcsrw gf`wwcsrw ‗+ dc e`bpscr dc gasnkkcw &d„`yanr dc trazzctntw tcwtngskcw+ gc ps„nk i`kk`nt yîrnincr.+ `y`bt dc kc zaswwcrwasrbanwcecbt ê eabtrcr wcw z`rtncw &nk `sr` nbgabwgnceecbtyasks dîgkcbgfcr gfc| kc m`ríab+ cb kcpsck nk w„cwt ys ê wab ïmc+sbc zrnwc dc gabwgncbgc dc gc psn ksn ît`nt nbiknmî." Gc e`bpscd„`mrcwwnyntî psn ksn ît`nt rczragfî+ g„ît`nt sbc i`íab dc gfcrgfcr

k` gabirabt`tnab ‗ zasr ¨ wc i`nrc sb r`tab ¸ ‗" E`nw ps`bd gcIr`bga%e`mfrîonb ` inbn z`r wc o`ttrc+ gcsv psn abt îtî enw ê



0:7

k„`bsw ds mènb+ dcw m`nw ksrabw psn w„èsw`ncbt dc ksncb kc rndngsknw`bt dcy`bt tasw gcsv+ gaeec yasw+ ps„nkw

`srabt gfcrgfî ê i`nrc rnrc" Ps„sb Ir`bí`nw i`wwco`nwwcr k` gskattc d„sbc zctntc Ir`bí`nwc dc gnbp `bw w`g`dcttc bc icr` z`w dc ksn sb zîdazfnkc `sv ~csv dc k`knc zazsk`gc psn gfcrgfc ê wc dabbcr kc ok`wab `ycg sbcdîbabgn`tnab ycrtscswc ct sb `gtc fîraápsc cwtèznkkîgaeec tck z`r gcsv psn dabbcbt dcw aw ê eardrc `sv_`wg`wwcw ps„nkw m`rdcbt wasw kc gasdc zasr kcw i`nrcmscrra~cr as trnecr gaeec dcw oìtcw"&Psn 1 z`ren kcw mrawwcw ecrdcw psn wniikcbt `s zîda%zfnkc+ ` i`nt sb wnmb`kcecbt zasr wartnr kc mènb dcwz`ttcw dc wcw nbdnmbcw mîbntcsrw cwz`mbakw psn eab%trcbt psc zasr wc rczradsnrc nk wsiint dc w`yanr znwwcrct gfncr 8 ct psn+ w`bw dastc+ gaeec sbc dcw kcsr+

gabicgtnabbcbt dcw wcryncttcw f~mnîbnpscw k`yòkcwd`bw dcw eargc`sv dc yncsv dr`zw &cf asn ! gaeecbtgra~c|%yasw psc i`nw`ncbt kcw mcbw+ `y`bt ‗ gaeec kcwnbdnmcbtw d„`slasrd„fsn+ d„ngn ct d„`nkkcsrw ‗ 1 ps`bd nkwbc zasy`ncbt w„cvgkècr ¨ Eè`b ! ¸ cb `mnt`bt sbraskc`s dc ZP trnzkc îz`nwwcsr d`bw sbc e`nb+ ct zsnw

¨ B`b` ! ¸ cb w`stnkk`bt `ycg sb tèzab òwaro`bt d`bwk„`strc." Nkw `ttcbdcbt w`bw dastc psc kcw eîdn`w dce`wwc dcw e`rgf`bdw d„`recw kcsr dabbcbt kc tazdîz`rt zasr asyrnr k` gf`wwc `sv z`rcbtw nbdnmbcw 8

tcrrc b„abt z`w `zzrîgnî+ ct ab ` `karw ys cb ksn sb @ròc+ sb

w`sy`mc+ sb o`ro`rc+ gabiarec `s gkngfî yîfngskî z`r kcw Ir`bí`nwdc k` Y`wc 8 ê rclctcr+ ê ò`ttrc…



0:4

cbtrc dcsv îenwwnabw wsr kcw cbi`btw dcwzatcw+ kcwcbi`btw mïtîw ct kcw cbi`btw ò`bdabbîw" Lc kcw yanw

d„ngn+ tasw gcsv zasr psn sb mawwc+ í` wc drcwwc gaeecsb `bne`k dc gnrpsc" Ct gaeec nkw wc grancbt w`bw dastccvcezk`nrcw+ kcw `stazragkèîw m`r`btw dc k` gnyn%knw`tnab wszîrncsrc+ nkw dcyr`ncbt îgrnrc sb knyrc zasr`zzrcbdrc `sv z`rcbtw nbdnmbcw gaeecbt îdspscr sb`bne`k fse`nb 8 ê wszzawcr ps„nkw wancbt g`zòkcw dctcbnr sbc zksec gaeec sbc gnm`rcttc ct sb cbgrncrgaeec sb ycrrc d„`kgaak" W„nkw b„cb wabt z`w g`zòkcw+ps„nkw `zzrcbbcbt sbc oabbc kcíab <Wniikcr ‗ `s zîdazfnkc ‗ b„cwt z`w lascr+ g„cwt g`kae%bncr" Wn ab bc ycst z`w rnwpscr dc rîzabdrc dc wcwwniikcecbtw dcy`bt sb trnosb`k+ wn ab ycst lascr d`bw k`gasr dcw mr`bdw+ ab bc wniikc z`w+ ab bc gaeeærc z`w+

ab zartc k„ìi`nrc aþ nk i`st+ g`r bc z`w dîbabgcr sbi`nt dc zîdazfnknc `yîrî cwt z`wwnokc dcw trnosb`svzasr bab dîbabgn`tnab dc grnec" E`nw tr`bwiarecr sbi`nt wszzawî cb r`matw zasr bsnrc ê sbc rîzst`tnabk„cwt tast `st`bt".Wn sbc ‗ zksw lcsbc psc yasw ‗ k~gîcbbc ir`bí`nwc

zrîtcbd+ onocrabbîc `s iîenbnwec z`r w` eærc7:

Bc}

7: K`psckkc ynt z`r gabtse`gc k` ¨ rîswwntc ¸ dc w` inkkc+ psn `

ya~`mî cb @eîrnpsc+ aþ ckkc w„cwt i`ntc dcw gaznbcw ]@WZ 8 k`rîswwntc wgak`nrc dc w` inkkc ît`bt w` zrazrc rîswwntc d„îdsg`trngc"



0:3

@mc70+ rcycbdnpscr ct cvzîrnecbtcr sbc knocrtî dcgarzw gaeec d`bw tck ¨ Ctî ecsrtrncr ¸ &0>67.+ cb

yasw dîin`bt dc yasw dîwfònkkcr cb eìec tcezwps„ckkc &d`bw sbc dîe`rgfc dc knoîr`tnab iîenbnbc`st`bt psc d`bw sb cwzrnt dc ¨ Mnrk za}cr ¸+ psn ksn i`ntnbycrwcr k„ardrc dc daenb`tnab ‗ ps`bd k` bsdntîdcyncbt yskbîrònkntî+ dîzasnkkcecbt+ nbiîrnarntî ‗+w„`mnww`bt dc i`nrc `ycg sb m`ríab gc ps„sb m`ríab ì`nt `ycg ckkc+ w„`mnww`bt `swwn dc yasw i`nrc eabtrcryatrc |ao gaeec yasw `yc| i`nt eabtrcr wab |msæmsc êzksw lcsbc psc yasw+ z`rgc psc kcw gfncbw dc m`rdc ctkcw fnoasv dabbcbt k„`kcrtc dæw ps„nkw yancbt as cbtcb%dcbt dnrc psckpsc gfawc 8 wn gc b„cwt zasr lsmcr dcgcttc ontc wsr k`psckkc dîok`tærcbt kcw Ir`b|aswcw dsgrs+ psn i`bt`wecbt wsr k` mrawwc dcw Banrw+ k` gaszîc

dc @ròcw+ k` zctntc dcw Gfnbctapscw+ k` ecrdcswc dcwzîdîw+ k` zcriare`btc dcw faeecw yr`nw+ k` wsrdasîcdcw `gtcsrw dc zarba." Psc dnr`%t%ab dc yasw wn ckkcîorsntc k„ìi`nrc ê w` i`íab 1 Psc yasw ìtcw sb zcrycrwpsn ` tcbtî dc k„cbtr`âbcr d`bw sb lcs wcvsck dastcsv+psc yasw `yc| tcbtî dc k„òswcr 8 wsrtast wn ab w`nt

ps„ckkc w„cwt dîinkîc"&E`nw ckkc bc wc dîmabikcr` z`w ps`bd nk w„`mnr` dc yaswdîraocr dcsv wt~kaw ê zksec 8 w`bw dastc z`rgc ps„abksn `sr` dnt psc yasw cb `ync| yasw%eìecw dîraoî sb…

70 Gf`hr`+ rconrtf+ îz`basnwwcecbt zcrwabbck+ lc%wsnw%sbc%iceec%

`ggaezknc%ct%îz`basnc+ èîrng`bnwec dc k` rîswwntc wagn`kc ctgaez`mbnc"



0:9

E`nw cb i`nt d„ìtrc dîzawwîdîw+ yasw wcrc| cbrngfnw 8g`r yasw rcgcyrc| dc k` ync sbc zrîgncswc kcíab… Yasw

`zzrcbdrc| psc yasw b„`yc| dîgndîecbt rncb cbgaeesb `ycg sbc gcrt`nbc cwzægc dc Ir`bí`nw+ dcmcbw+ psn w„`tt`gfcbt `sv aolctw ‗ cb zk`wtnpsc ‗ cbkcsr `ggard`bt sbc nezart`bgc dîecwsrîc"Kc yak cwt sbc cvzîrncbgc ê k`psckkc nk i`sdr`nt k`nwwcrw„îzrasycr gf`psc cbi`bt+ g`r ckkc ksn zcrect dc w`yanrw„nk cwt e`tîrn`knwtc+ wcbtnecbt`k as wznrntsck+ wn waboabfcsr wc trasyc as bab d`bw k` zawwcwwnab ct d`bwk„`zzrazrn`tnab ‗ îycbtsckkcecbt gabdntnabbîcw wcbtn%ecbt`kcecbt `s kncb `ycg sbc zcrwabbc ‗" Gck` îyntc%r`nt ê dcw mcbw dc gabw`grcr kcsr ync ê k„`ggsesk`tnabdc oncbw e`tîrnckw+ `y`bt dc rî`knwcr+ traz t`rd+ psckcsr oncb%ìtrc bc wc trasyc z`w cb gck`"

Kc i`nt cwt < gf`psc ianw psc yasw wcrc| `ggswî d„`yanrikasî sb Ir`bí`nw+ dcw Ir`bí`nw gfcrgfcrabt ê yaswikascr dc k` eìec i`íab…Kcw Ir`bí`nw yasw iabt eabtrcr yatrc |ao+ nk b„~ ` rncbê rcdnrc wsr csv &ab zasrr`nt zasrt`bt dnrc+ `ycg kcsrkamnpsc r`gn`knwtc+ ps„nkw wabt |aazfnkcw." Yasw cb i`ntcw

`st`bt `ycg sb Ir`bí`nw ct `zz`rcbtîw csrazîcbw &zasrcsv+ nk ~ ` k` r`gc dcw csrazîcbw ct k„`strc r`gc+ kcwcvtr`%csrazîcbw+ wasw%cbtcbds+ kcw ìra%arncbt`sv+ ct`ggcwwanrcecbt kcw `wn`tnpscw.+ yasw ìtcw zîdîw wn gcb„cwt zîdaw" Z`rgc psc yasw `yc| i`nt í`+ kcw Ir`bí`nwyasdrabt yasw i`nrc o`nwwcr yatrc z`bt`kab" Nk i`st



0:=

rîtòknr k„ardrc bare`k < gc wabt kcw Ir`bí`nw psn yaswiabt o`nwwcr yatrc irag 8 nkw b„`decttcbt z`w k„nbycrwc"

Zasr csv+ kcw oït`rdw psn wc grancbt zsrw+ e`nw psn wabtiòrnpsîw `ycg tast ct b„nezartc psan+ yasw ìtcw zîdîwwn yasw i`ntcw eabtrcr wab |ao ê sb Csrazîcbw" Gcgnwnmbninc gck` 8 g„cwt e`tfîe`tnpsc+ g„cwt îgrnt d`bw kcknyrc dc k` Yîrntî îtòknc" E`nw psc wnmbninc dabg 1 zasrgcw cbi`btw dc zst`nb+ kc i`nt d„èzstcr rntsckkcecbt kczrîzsgc d„sb oîoî+ d„sb m`ríabbct+ d„sb `dakcwgcbt"Psc kcsr abt nbgskpsî kcsr gfncbbc dc eærc ct kcsrgfncb dc zærc 1.Tast cwt zawwnokc" Cbtrc csv+ gaswnbw ct gaswnbcwgaeec cbtrc irærcw ct wacsrw+ kcw Ir`bí`nw zcsycbtcvzkarcr k` wcvs`kntî+ e`nw yasw+ `ycg csv+ g„cwtwswzcgt+ gabtrc%b`tsrc+ dîkngtscsv 8 gaeec cbtrc Banrw

ct Ok`bgfcw+ gaeec cbtrc gfncbw ct gf`tw" Gaeec dck` |aazfnknc 8 `ycg yasw d`bw kc rôkc dcw oìtcw"Wn sb Ir`bga%e`mfrîonb wceokc zcs cbgknb ê wcdîyìtnr+ ab dnr` psc g„cwt sb zsrnt`nb ê k` eadc `ròa%eswske`bc 8 z`w sb yr`n Ir`bí`nw" W„nk wceokc b`tsrckkc%ecbt dnwzawî ê wc dîyìtnr+ w`bw mìbc z`rtngsknærc+ ab

dnr` psc g„cwt sb cvfnontnabbnwtc 8 z`w sb t~zc zsr dcw`bm ct w`nb d„cwzrnt gaeec sb yr`n Ir`bí`nw ‗ g`tfa%knpsc ‗"Wn sb Ir`bí`nw yasw i`nt wartnr yatrc ynt+ g„cwt bare`k+nk yasw knoærc" Wn g„cwt k„nbycrwc+ gc b„cwt z`w bare`k 8g„cwt psc yasw ìtcw sb ynakcsr+ îycbtsckkcecbt zîdî+ as

znrc+ zîda+ w„nk cwt zksw lcsbc psc yasw"



0:6

Wn+ zasr bc z`w kcw tr`se`tnwcr z`r k„cvzrcwwnab d„sbrclct+ yasw yasw iargc| ê wasrnrc ct ê w`kscr dc k` e`nb

sb dcw nbbaeoròkcw zctntw cbi`btw psn wasrncbt ctw`kscbt dc k` e`nb zasr îtòknr sb gabt`gt fse`nb `ycggf`psc basyckkc zcrwabbc ps„nkw granwcbt+ b„`~c| `sgsbwgrszskc ê eîzrnwcr z`r k` earmsc ct kc ynw`mc icreîgcw earycsv e`k îkcyîw+ gcw zctntcw zstcw r`gakcswcw+z`rgc psc kcw iabdw dc y`wc ir`bí`nwcw gr`gfcrabt wsryatrc daw+ wn ckkcw yasw `zcríanycbt < ¨ G„cwt sb zîdapsn tasrbc `stasr dcw zctntw `s wartnr ds ocrgc`s" ¸Bc z`rkc| z`w d`y`bt`mc `ycg kcw inkkcw ds yanwnb`mc psnyncbbcbt yasw z`rkcr… lc b„`n z`w ocwanb dc yasw dnrczasrpsan"Ct wn sbc inkkc dc 0? `bw nbtcrraezt yatrc o`k`dc zasryasw dce`bdcr dc k„`ndc+ w„`mnww`bt dc gaezrcbdrc gc

psn bc y` zksw `ycg wab yîka+ cf oncb+ cbya~c|%k` gfncr+gckkc%kê psn yasw dîbabgcr`nt w`bw dastc cb t`bt psczîdaw wn g„cwt yasw psn k„`ync| òardîc zasr ksndce`bdcr sb wcryngc"Wn sb `da dc 0= `bw yasw dce`bdc k` eìec gfawct`bdnw psc yasw eabtc| d`bw yatrc yantsrc+ dntcw%ksn

psc w` dce`bdc cwt fabtcswc+ z`rgc psc gfc| yasw kcwm`ríabw wabt dcw faeecw `stabaecw psn wc k` tncbbcbticrececbt dæw k„ïmc dc 6 `bw+ ïmc `spsck nkw wabtèzstîw dc kcsr zrîzsgc 8 ct zrazawc|%ksn zkstôt dc kcgnrgabgnrc wsr kc gfèz"Wn sbc cwznæmkc yncnkkc iceec ‗ psn ` kc dasokc dc yatrc

ïmc ‗ yasw òardc d`bw k` rsc cb dce`bd`bt ê zasyanr



0:>

i`nrc sb oast dc gfcenb `ycg yasw+ `ycg ckkc ê yatrcor`w &dc tastc îyndcbgc z`rgc ps„ckkc cbdsrc k` waknts%

dc cb ît`bt bawt`kmnpsc ds tcezw aþ ckkcw wc zraecb`nt`nbwn cb èasrcswc.+ psc dnrabt kcw gabb`rdw dc kcsrr`gc y`wcswc ganbgîw d`bw kcsr gk`wwc wagn`kc+ kcsrctfbnc+ kcsr mîbîr`tnab+ kcsr gsktsrc+ kcsr rcknmnab 1Psc yasw ìtcw sb mîrabtazfnkc+ sb mnmaka+ as sb cwgragpsn cww`nc dc ikascr sbc z`syrc yncnkkc Ir`bí`nwc" Bci`ntcw z`w d`y`bt`mc k` gabycrw`tnab ê sbc zctntcyncnkkc dèc psn yncbt dc wc ecttrc cb gaszkc `ycg@k|fcnecr+ gc wcr` `swwn kasgfc"Wn kc dastcsv grîtnb psn yasw wcrt dc z`rcbt zragfccbtrc wasd`nbcecbt d`bw k` w`kkc aþ yasw yasw dasgfc|+zasr yanr yatrc ontc+ gaeec kcw `strcw zctntw zîdai%icw7? dc Ir`bí`nw ct dc Ir`bga%csrazîcbw+ yasw bc

dcyc| z`w yasw wcbtnr wcvsckkcecbt `mrcwwîw ‗ z`r sbzîdazfnkc ‗+ bn eìec `ttcnbt d`bw yatrc nbtnentî"Wn k` dcen%iakkc psn yasw wcrt dc mîbntrngc yncbt yaswtrnzatcr kc wcvc `dakcwgcbt ps`bd yasw wartc| dc k`dasgfc+ z`rgc psc kcw nmbaokcw zcrycrw e`mfrîonbwe`rnîw ê dcw zstcw csrazîcbbcw z`rkcbt gnrgabgnwnab

wsr iabd i`kk`gncsv dc zwcsda e`k`dncw ds zrîzsgcgabtr`gtîcw z`r tck as tck Ir`bí`nw ¨ o`k`bntcsv ¸+ bcgrnc| z`w ê k` zîdazfnkc+ b„`zzckc| z`w kc Bseîra Ycrt¨ wzîgn`k cbi`bgc e`ktr`ntîc ¸+ ab yasw rnr` `s bc|"

7? Bîakamnwec zasr ¨ zîdîw rciaskîw ¸"



00:

Wn sbc nbwtntstrngc yasw dîgskattc zasr yasw icwwcreakkcecbt+ bc fsrkc| z`w ê k` zîdazfnkc bn `s tr`se`%

tnwec zw~gfakamnpsc 8 ya~c| wnezkcecbt sbc iceec psnyask`nt yanr yatrc onwtaspscttc+ cb k„cvfno`bt `sv ~csvdc tasw" B„ne`mnbc| z`w ps„ckkc zasy`nt yasw icwwcrw`bw yasw dîgskattcr+ nk b„~ ` dc oabbc icwwîc ps„cbdîgskatt`bt"Wn sb trcbtcb`nrc ir`bí`nw yasw wsnt t`bdnw psc yasw+`daw+ yasw e`rgfc| wsr sb trattanr+ cb yasw nbynt`bt êeabtcr d`bw w` yantsrc ok`bgfc+ bc fsrkc| z`w `s zîda"_ckcyc| w` zk`gc d„nee`trngsk`tnab ct dîbabgc|%kc 8ps„ab ksn gaszc k` ontc"Wn sb gf`siicsr dc t`vn yncbt yasw òardcr t`bdnw pscyasw zrcbc| kc wakcnk `s oard d„sb ît`bm+ bc ya~c| z`wcb ksn sb zîda w„nk yasw ect wsorcztngcecbt k` e`nb `s

z`psct t`bdnw ps„nk yasw z`rkc" _ckcyc| w` zk`pscd„nee`trngsk`tnab ct dîbabgc|%kc 8 ps„ab ksn gaszc kòntc"Wn sb gnrgabgnwcsr yasw or`bkc zasr yasw i`nrc îl`gskcr+zartc| zk`nbtc 8 ps„ab ksn gaszc k` ontc… `ycg kc gastc`sd„sb rìyc+ kcw gnrgabgnwcsrw abt rcís k„`y`k dc k„Ct`t

ir`bí`nw cblsnyî"Wn dcsv faeaw yasw e`bnicwtcbt dc k„nbtîrìt cb `wws%r`bt psc ¨ ts `w sb oc`s gsk ¸+ iabgc| `s gaeenww`%rn`t 8 ps„ab kcsr gaszc k` ontc"Wn sb E`mfrîonb w„`rr`bmc iîornkcecbt kcw gfcycsv cbyasw ya~`bt z`wwcr+ `y`bt dc yasw dce`bdcr wn ¨ ts

gfcrgfcw sb oc`s 1 ¸+ bc dntcw z`w ps„nk i`sdr`nt zcb%



000

drc kcw faeaw+ kcw cbya~cr ê @swgf}nt| as kcsr gaszcrk` ontc" Dntcw wnezkcecbt ps„nk i`st kcw cbya~cr cb Nr`b+

tast cb rcmrctt`bt dc bc z`w ynyrc wasw kc rîmnec dc k`Gf`rn` zasr ecttrc kc eabdc wasw gaszc rîmkîc+ g„cwtzakntnpscecbt zksw garrcgt 8 kc drant dc tnrcr ê ysc wsrkcw faeaw ` îtî rctnrî ê gcsv psn wc dîiaskcbt `karwwsr kcw zîdaw+ z`rgc ps„nkw bc zcsycbt zksw wc dîiaskcrbn wsr kcw oasmbaskw bn wsr kcw ~asznbw"Ct zsnwpsc kcw Lsniw ct kcw @ròa%e`mfrîonbw iabtgnrgabgnrc kcsrw zramîbntsrcw enbcsrcw+ fsrkc| `svzîdîr`wtcw ct `sv zst`nbw" Dîbabgc|%kcw z`rtast+ ps„abkcsr gaszc k` ontc ! &ê wszzawcr psc yasw `~c| `st`btdc gasnkkcw psc dc oasgfc zasr ìirabtcr kcw zragæwzasr ¨ nbgnt`tnab ê k` f`nbc r`gn`kc ¸. Csf+ bab ! z`wgaszcr k` ontc dcw gaszcsrw dc ontcw… `strcecbt+ psn

gaszcr` k` ontc dcw zîdaw 1Lc zasrwsnw… Wn+ d`bw sbc oastnpsc mr`bd zsokng+ yaswkasc| sbc yndîa d„cvfnontnabbnwec inmsr`bt dcw lcsbcwiceecw ê zcnbc zksw lcsbcw psc yasw+ ynwnabbc|%k` cbzrnyî `y`bt dc k` eabtrcr ê dcw gabb`nww`bgcw ê zcnbczksw `y`bgîcw psc dcw w`y`tcw+ z`rgc psc k` l`pscttc

b„cwt z`w rczrîwcbt`tnyc" Dabg+ wn wsr gcttc yndîa ab`zcríant dsr`bt sb nbwt`bt sbc `dakcwgcbtc dc ps`%tar|c `bw psn cbkæyc wab trngat dc zc`s zasr cb ecttrcsb `strc+ dc wartc ê gc psc k„ab yant wcw zctntw bîbîw+b„cww`~c| z`w nbbagceecbt dc eabtrcr k` gfawc `svdîonkcw zasr z`rt`mcr `ycg csv yatrc trasokc" Eìec wn

yasw lsmc| asycrtcecbt ps„ ¨ ckkc cwt sb zcs traz



00?

lcsbc ¸+ gcw z`syrcw gabw psn r`datcbt cbtrc yncsv ctyncnkkcw+ nrabt `swwntôt cb i`nrc ît`t kê aþ kcw ynkk`mcanw

r`gnwtcw+ psn yancbt cb yasw dc w`kcw t~zcw psn wce`rncbt `ycg dcw inkkcttcw cb k`znd`bt kcw iceecw+w„cezrcwwcrabt dc grncr ê k` zîdazfnknc 8 nk cb i`st zcszasr rcbycrwcr kcw rczærcw dcw zîpscbatw psn b„abt lè`nw ys psc z`r k` graszc o`kkat`bt dcw iceckkcw dco`wwc%gasr+ kcsr iceec gaezrnwc+ kc gsk dcw y`gfcw ctk` gfæyrc dc Eabwncsr Wcmsnb" Lè`nw nkw b„abt ys¨ Onkntnw ¸ &0>==. as cbgarc ¨ K„è`bt ¸ &0>>0. &e`nw nkabt ys ¨ Cee`bsckkc ¸ &0>=4.+ psn ` t`bt i`nt l`wcr kÌr`bgc bîa%g`tfa+ ps`bd ckkc ît`nt cb gasrw dcdîyckazzcecbt tcgfbakamnpsc ct gsktsrck wasw k` iîrskcèîrng`nbc." Lè`nw nkw b„abt ys kcw acsyrcw dc D`yndFènktab &z`r cvcezkc d`bw kc e`m`|nbc ¨ Zfata ¸+ psn

ksn `y`nt gabw`grî sb bseîra. 8 d„sbc z`rt z`rgc ps„nkwb„abt z`w k` gsrnawntî dc dîgasyrnr gc psn cvnwtc cbdcfarw dc kcsr zctnt sbnycrw+ d„`strc z`rt z`rgc psckcw mcbw psn rcm`rdcbt kcw zfataw dc gc zfatamr`zfcas dcw inkew gfaps`bt k` ear`kc dcw i`sv%gskw &zcrycrwdnycrw ct y`rnîw+ faeawcvsckw+ zîdazfnkcw+ |aazfnkcw+

wadaentcw as nbgcwtscsv rciaskîw.+ abt k` zrsdcbgc dcbc z`w zartcr kcsrw maøtw as kcsrw cvzkar`tnabwgsktsrckkcw ê k` gabb`nww`bgc dc k` grîtnbcrnc ir`bí`nwcct sbnycrwckkc"As oncb `karw+ gc psn gaeztc+ g„cwt k` i`íab dabt abeabtrc sbc `dakcwgcbtc ê dcen bsc 8 `ycg `rt as grs%

dntî &wsny`bt psc k„ab wswgntc dcw îeatnabw cbnyr`btcw



007

as dcw nezrcwwnabw iènknærcw ct r`wwsr`btcw." E`nwsbc tckkc bs`bgc cwt gaenpsc dc k` z`rt dc |aazf`mcw+

csv psn iabt oncb zcs dc e`bnærcw ps`bd nkw abt waswkcw ~csv dc k` yn`bdc eartc ct i`nw`bdîc" Zcst%ìtrc k`bsdntî `dakcwgcbtc b„cwt%ckkc ê kcsr maøt ps„neeaonkc+ingckîc+ eîdng`knwîc+ g`d`yîrnpsc ct w`nmb`btc as êeantnî dîgaezawîc+ ps`bd ckkc cwt ê enkkc kncsv d„ìtrctrasok`btc+ wsmmcwtnyc+ cvgnt`btc 8 z`rgc ps„nkw abte`bnicwtcecbt zcsr d„ìtrc tcbtîw ct dc zcrdrc kcwzîd`kcw d„cb f`st ct d„cb o`w" Psan ps„nk cb want+ z`renkcw gabb`rdw dc gcttc cwzægc+ nk ~ `sr` inb`kcecbt dcwmcbw gaeec yasw+ kcw gaszcsrw dc ycrmcw+ psn+ iswtn%mc`bt awtcbwnokcecbt k` zîdazfnknc+ wc iabt sbc zk`gccb Ir`bgc cb wc i`nw`bt z`wwcr zasr dcw mcbw ycrtscsvwsr kc daw dcw zîdazfnkcw `yîrîw as zrîwseîw"

Zasrt`bt+ gcsv psn yancbt dcw zîdazfnkcw z`rtast z`rgcpsc kcw eîdn`w dc e`wwc abt i`nt ds o`tt`mc `ycg dcwìi`nrcw dc zîdazfnknc+ nkw b„abt z`w fsrkî zsoknpscecbtê k„nbiènc bn k` fabtc psn dcyr`nt ir`zzcr k` Ir`bgc+karwpsc k` tîkî zsoknpsc ir`bí`nwc ` dniiswî¨ F`kiàsnbc &0>>:.+ sb inke tasrb`bt `stasr dc k`

gnrgabgnwnab gfc| kcw E`mfrîonbw+ ct psn cwt `kkî lswps„ê eabtrcr sbc iceec ceor`ww`bt kc zîbnw d„sbm`ríabbct d`bw sb fèeè+ ct znrc+ cb mraw zk`b+ lswps„ê k` dcrbnærc knentc wszzartòkc+ kc zîbnw d„sbm`ríabbct cb tr`nb d„ìtrc estnkî `s gnwc`s" G„cwt yr`nps„`ycg kcw inkew fakk~}aadncbw+ kcw mcbw wabt fòntsîw

ê yanr kcw znrcw zcrycrwntîw 8 gaeec d`bw ¨ K` Eaenc ¸



004

&0>>>.+ sb inke eabtr`bt cb mraw zk`b+ ê k` knentc dck„cvzkngntc+ sb faeec psn y` wc i`nrc gaszcr k` k`bmsc

`s gastc`s &gc psn k`nwwc zcrzkcvc ps`bd ab gabwt`tcpsc gc inke w„`drcwwc dc tastc îyndcbgc ê dcw zrî%`dakcwgcbtw.+ as cbgarc d`bw ¨ Tcctf ¸ &?::=.+ nmbaokcinke bîa%iîenbnwtc &d„sb gcrt`nb Kngftcbwtcnb…. cvzkan%t`bt gaeecrgn`kcecbt+ wasw iarec dc zwcsda%gaeîdnckc e~tfc ds y`mnb dcbtî+ ìnb dc eabtrcr træw cvzkngn%tcecbt kcw ycrmcw dcw eïkcw fabbnw z`r kcw iîenbnwtcw&ds e`gfa `s eïkc w`bw rctcbsc cb z`ww`bt z`r kc yncnkct rczasww`bt è`tcsr dc lcsbcw zrawtntsîcw.+ dcwycrmcw wcgtnabbîcw psn znwwcbt kcsr w`bm ps`bd ckkcw bcwabt dîyarîcw z`r sb gfncb" I`st%nk tasw yasw tr`ntcrdc zîdazfnkcw 1 @f bab ! g„cwt yr`n+ gfc| yasw g„cwtgsktsrck 8 yasw i`ntcw í` wasw gasycrt òswni ct i`kk`%

gncsv dc tr`dntnab ct dc rcknmnab" G„cwt w`grî í`+ kcgsktsrck+ fcnb ! &ps`bd g„cwt arncbt`k." Gck` zcrect êoncb dcw Ir`bí`nwcw d„ìtrc nezsbîecbt nbwznrîcw z`rgc inke+ z`r gcttc gsktsrc+ cb `kk`bt lswps„ê `daztcr kcrntc dc gnrgabgnwnab+ as cb trnzat`bt ct ectt`bt d`bwkcsr oasgfc kc zîbnw dc kcsr tast%zctnt+ zasr wc i`nrc

dcw wcbw`tnabw basyckkcw+ zasr îzrasycr kc wcbtnecbtiîenbnwtc dc Zasyanr+ zasr lascr `ycg k„cbync dc gaszcrsb zîbnw77"

77 Sb gcrt`nb zasrgcbt`mc dc mîbntrngcw abt dcw mcwtcw ct dcwgaezartcecbtw dc b`tsrc zîdazfnkc ps„ckkcw gèasikcbt dcrrnærc

kcw wanbw `s garzw &z`rianw dc k„`ycs eìec dcw mîbntrngcw+ ê dcen%eat. 8 want ps„ckkcw wabt dc b`tsrc zcrycrwc+ want ps„ckkcw rczradsn%



003

Eabwncsr ct E`dèc K` Ycrts bc wc wabt z`w îesw dcgc ps„sbc gf`âbc mr`bd zsokng i`wwc sb wn nbdîgcbt ct

nbdnmbc ît`k`mc" As oncb wn+ ct gck` kcsr ` i`nt yanrcbgarc zksw dc zîdazfnkcw gfc| kcw mcbw gaeec yasw`strcw" G`r yankê psn wabt gcsv psn+ `s eanbdrc waszíab+grncbt kc zksw iart `s zîdazfnkc 8 cb lsmc`bt ctgabdèb`bt wî`bgc tcb`btc+ tast cb rìy`bt asycrtc%ecbt dc zasyanr cvîgstcr k` wcbtcbgc" Kcw zîdîr`wtcwct kcw zst`nbw psn iabt gnrgabgnrc rntsckkcecbt kcsrmawwc+ as gcsv psn w„èswcbt dc gc psc iabt gcsv%kê !Nkw w„cez`rcbt d„sb m`ríab+ kc dîwfònkkcbt+ k„neeaonkn%wcbt lèocw îg`rtîcw ct or`w icrececbt okapsîw+`y`bt dc ksn tr`bgfcr kc wcvc" Ct wn yasw trasyc| ps„nkcwt òswni dc tr`ntcr gcw nbdnyndsw dc zîdîr`wtcw ctdc zst`nbw+ lc yasw dnr`nw psc lc kcw dîwnmbc `swwn

òswnycecbt ps„csv%eìecw òswnycecbt dîwnmbcbt kcwsbw ct kcw `strcw+ batèecbt psngabpsc b„cwt z`wgaeec csv+ cbicreî d`bw wab ctfbnc+ w` gk`wwc wagn`kc+w` mîbîr`tnab+ wab wcvc+ w` rcknmnab+ gaeec psngabpscawc ecttrc sb zncd `nkkcsrw psc d`bw wab mæbc+ wabdcwtnb as wab z`~w" Cwt%nk òswni dc dnrc psc g„cwt `ycg

í` psc k` Ir`bgc wc ecsrt 8 `ycg dcw mcbw psn bc wabtz`w lcsbcw ct k`rmcw d„cwzrnt"

wcbt gc ps„ckkcw abt cvzîrnecbtî `ycg kcw faeecw+ gc ps„ckkcw abtrcwwcbtn+ bab gaeec sbc rck tnab d„îm`k ê îm`k+ e`nw gaeec sbc rck tnab

dc daenb`tnab &ckkcw rckæycbt k` tìtc+ ct kc wcvc+ cb cvzîrnecbt`btsbc rck`tnab dc daenb`tnab ê kcsr `y`bt`mc."



009

Kcw zstcw ct kcw oìtcw ds W~wtæec abt îtî zra%mrèeîcw zasr tr`pscr kcw zctntw zîdazfnkcw &zcrísw

gaeec dcw zctntw faeecw psn b„cb zrcbbcbt ê dcwzctntw Faeecw. ‗ e`nw z`w kcw zsnww`btw zîdazfnkcwarm`bnwîw cb eìn`w+ dcy`bt kcwpsckw tast kc eabdc wcdîinkc cb wnkcbgc74 ‗ &ìnb dc wc i`nrc sbc baokcwwc wsrkcsr daw+ cb zrcb`bt `zzsn wsr k` e`wwc+ gaeec kcwenbòkcw psn îgr`wcbt kcw nbwcgtcw zasr wc wcbtnrmr`bdw.+ sb zcs kcw zakkscsrw ps„nkw grancbt bc z`w ìtrc+sb zcs eanbw kcw tr`y`nkkcsrw bab dîgk`rîw as kcwir`sdcsrw `sv zrcwt`tnabw wagn`kcw ct `s Inwg ps„nkwwabt zksw as eanbw" Kcw gabb`rdw dc kcsr eîzrnwòkcr`gc aynbc b„abt z`w cbgarc rcís k„ardrc dc tr`pscr kcwgnrgabgnwcsrw bn kcw `kgaaknpscw ecsrtrncrw dc k` rastc+z`rgc ps„ab tasgfc kê ê dc zsnww`btw nbtîrìtw nezk`btîw

`s gŗsr dc k` wagnîtî ir`bí`nwc"@strc cvcezkc" Yasw `yc| psnb|c `bw+ yasw ya~c| ê k`tîkî sb inke psn ect cb wgæbc sb faeec w„`y`bí`bt d„sb`strc faeec zasr ksn tîeanmbcr+ d„sb mcwtc rctcbs+sbc ìicgtnab sb zcs z`rtngsknærc" D„sbc gasrtcg`rcwwc ds oast dcw danmtw wsr k„`y`bt%or`w+ k„faea%

wcvs`kntî cwt e`bnicwtîc" Gcttc wgæbc yasw `sr` tras%okî+ ct yasw icrc| wzabt`bîecbt ît`t dc gc psc yasw

74 K` wgncbgc%ingtnab ne`mnbc dcw zragîdîw cvtràrdnb`nrc psnzcrecttr`ncbt dc rcbdrc sbc zcrwabbc nbynwnokc+ e`nw tasw kcw`bne`sv w`ycbt wc rcbdrc nbynwnokc dczsnw taslasrw < icrecr kcw

~csv+ wc t`nrc+ o`nwwcr k` tìtc+ bc z`w oasmcr+ bc z`w rcwznrcrtraz iart+ bc z`w w„`gtnycr+ bc z`w i`nrc eabtrc d„nbntn`tnyc…



00=

`yc| ys ê sb gè`r`dc+ cb r`gabt`bt ct cb rczra%dsnw`bt waee`nrcecbt k` wgæbc" Sb wnezkc tasgfcr ds

oast dcw danmtw wsr k„`y`bt%or`w wnmbnincr` nkknga pscyasw ìtcw faeaw" Ct yasw yankê g`t`kamsîw faeaw"Yasw ya~c| gaeecbt tast cwt gadninî 8 ds ocrgc`s `sgcrgscnk 1 Kcw mcbw wc grancbt knorcw+ e`nw nkw wabtzramrèeîw 8 gc wabt dcw wartcw dc tasrbcoragfcw psnwc iabt csv%eìecw rôtnr d`bw k„cbicr tcrrcwtrc cbtasrb`bt cb rabd wckab sb r~tfec onb`nrc" Cb `last`btk„`wzcgt trno`k+ yasw ycrrc| psc gc b„cwt z`w t`bt gc pscyasw i`ntcw psn cwt lsmî+ e`nw gaeecbt+ d`bw psckg`drc+ cb psckkc gnrgabwt`bgc < wsny`bt psc yasw `mnw%wc| dc yatrc zrazrc gfci+ cb waknt`nrc+ ê k„îg`rt+ asoncb wasw k„`starntî d„sb gfci+ wasw gasycrt d„sbmraszc+ cb nbtîmr`bt yatrc `gtc d`bw gc psn i`nt k`

wagnîtî" Kcw mcbw dc wagnîtî lsmcbt ê k„arîc dc k`wagnîtî" K` zcbwîc dcw mcbw dc wagnîtî cwt knentîc ê gcps„nkw wabt cb wagnîtî+ ê kcsr `zz`rcbgc+ ê kcsr r`zzart`sv `strcw 8 gaeec kcsr lsmcecbt" Nk cb gaøtc tas% lasrw ê gcksn psn lcttc k` zrcenærc zncrrc+ gcksn psn i`ntkc zrcencr z`w+ e`nw ps`bd k` wagnîtî w„cwt `zzrazrnî

wab mcwtc+ nk cb gaøtc `st`bt ê gcksn psn bc zradsnt z`wgc mcwtc ct rciswc dc lctcr gcttc zncrrc" Ct gaeec k`wagnîtî b„cwt z`w faeamæbc+ yasw ya~c| yntc gaeecbtk` ync wsr tcrrc zcst ìtrc gaezknpsîc 8 ct zasr sbneenmrî+ í` k„cwt cbgarc zksw" Ct zksw yasw ìtcwbae`dc+ zksw yasw gabb`âtrc| kcw nbgcww`btcw enwcw ê



006

k„îzrcsyc ct rntcw d„nbtradsgtnab ps„cbtcbdcbt nbiknmcr`sv basyc`s%ycbsw kcw eïkcw daenb`btw"

&Zrcbc| m`rdc ê gc psc yasw eabtrc| as k`nwwc| yanr dcyasw ct dc yatrc ync" Kcw cbi`btw dc zst`nb wabt cbceoswg`dc 8 zasr yasw eabtrcr ds danmt ct yasw i`nrccvzskwcr+ d„sbc cbtrczrnwc+ d„sb neecsokc+ d„sb ynkk`mcas d„sb z`~w" Z`rgc psc gcttc zst`wwcrnc dc zrcenærcycst sbc gfawc < gabtrôkcr wab cbynrabbcecbt+ nezawcr`sv fònt`btw dc gct cbynrabbcecbt sb eadc dc ync ctdc zcbwîc+ dcw maøtw ct dcw fòntsdcw" Gcttc zst`w%wcrnc y`bntcswc ` sbc aowcwwnab < yasw i`nrc dcycbnrgaeec ckkc+ as encsv+ i`nrc dc yasw gc psn ksn gabyncbt+ìnb dc w„cvcrgcr ê k` daenb`tnab+ z`r kc dîbnmrcecbt+k` grntnpsc+ k„nbiîrnarnw`tnab" E`nbtcbnr kcw mcbw ê k`zk`gc psn kcsr îtî `kkasîc+ bc z`w k`nwwcr kcw mcbw

rcm`rdcr `nkkcsrw psc kê aþ nkw wabt gcbwîw rcm`rdcr+ dcrncb i`nrc d„`strc psc gc psn ` îtî zrîys ps„nkw i`wwcbt 8`nbwn+ zasr csv+ nk ~ ` sbc wcskc i`íab d„òardcr kcwiceecw+ dc kcw rcm`rdcr+ dc kcw gabwndîrcr < k` kcsr"Csv yasw cwznabbcbt+ yasw wsrycnkkcbt+ yasw wgrstcbt+yasw cvènbcbt dc k` tìtc `s zncd+ ynakcbt yatrc ync

zrnyîc ct k„ît`kcbt wsr k` zk`gc zsoknpsc+ e`nw yasw bczasyc| z`rcnkkcecbt `yanr sb rcm`rd psn dîwfònkkc+ psn`b`k~wc+ psn aowcryc+ psn zcríant+ psn ynakc 8 gc ps„nkwiabt `ycg yasw rckæyc ds zrnynkæmc dcw daenb`btw+ sbzrnynkæmc ps„nkw cbtcbdcbt wc rîwcrycr"Gcttc zst`wwcrnc+ g„cwt dc k` eart nbg`rbîc+ dc k`

ecrdc dcwwîgfîc psn dcwwægfc tasw gcsv psn k„`zzra%



00>

gfcbt" Wn psckps„sb ycst i`nrc dc k` Ir`bgc sbc b`tnabd~bènpsc ê k„èîrng`nbc+ nk dcyr`nt gaeecbgcr z`r

cbkcycr gcttc y`wc ds wak dc k` Ir`bgc+ g`r zasr ps„sbgasrw d„c`s zsnwwc w„îgaskcr garrcgtcecbt+ nk i`strîmsknærcecbt kc dr`mscr zasr kc dîo`rr`wwcr dc w`y`wc 8 gc ps„ab bc i`nt z`w cb rcezk`í`bt sbc y`wc z`rsbc `strc… ct k„`strc y`wc+ g„cwt yasw+ fcnb+ wn yasw bck„`ync| z`w gaezrnw".Lc gabtnbsc… Yasw `yc| dnv `bw+ yasw ycbc| dcynwnabbcr ¨ Sb îtî 4? ¸ &0>=0.+ ct yasw yasw ìtcwcbtngfîw dc k` r`ynww`btc Lcbbnicr A„Bcnk" Gaeecbaeorc dc zcrwabbcw psn abt îtî nbtcbwîecbt e`rpsîwz`r sb inke &as sb rae`b.+ dcw îkîecbtw ds inke&rae`b. wabt dcycbsw gaeec dcw îkîecbtw dc yatrczrazrc ync 8 gc psc yasw `yc| rcwwcbtn dsr`bt kc inke

cwt dcycbs z`rtnc nbtîmr`btc dc yatrc yîgs îeatnab%bck73" Yasw ìtcw wsr sbc zk`gc `ycg dcw gabb`nww`bgcw

73 K„cwzrnt bc dniiîrcbgnc z`w k` ync e`tîrnckkc dc wab zrazrcsbnycrw" Gc psc k„ab grant ynyrc cb rîck b„cwt cb rî`kntî yîgs pscd`bw k„cwzrnt 8 gaeec wn ab ya~`nt kc eabdc cb rcm`rd`bt sb enranr

ct ê tr`ycrw dcw inktrcw" Nk b„~ ` z`w dcsv rî`kntîw+ as sbc rî`kntîct sbc nkkswnab" Nk ~ `+ zasr k„fse`nb+ sbnpscecbt gc psc wab cwzrntksn i`nt ynyrc" _ncb dc gc psn wc z`wwc wsr Tcrrc b„cwt yîgs wn gcb„cwt z`r k„cwzrnt+ psn dabbc sbc rî`kntî ê batrc gabwgncbgc+ ct psnk„nbycbtc eìec+ cb rìyc+ cb dîknrc+ cb f`kksgnb`tnab" Sbc îeatnabzrayapsîc z`r sb îkîecbt e`tîrnck `spsck ab ` rî`mn nbgabwgnce%ecbt cwt gaeec sbc îeatnab zrayapsîc z`r sbc zcbwîc as sb

rìyc" Dæw karw psc k„cwzrnt ynt psckpsc gfawc+ gck` dcyncbt z`rtncnbtîmr`btc dc basw+ dc batrc ync+ gaeec b„nezartc psck wasycbnr



0?:

ir`bí`nwcw dc gnrgabwt`bgc+ psc yasw irîpscbtc| zkswas eanbw z`rgc ps„ckkcw iabt z`rtnc dc yatrc cbtasr`mc

neeîdn`t" Yasw ìtcw zf~wnpscecbt `ycg csv+ e`nwecbt`kcecbt yasw ìtcw sb zcs `nkkcsrw+ ìicgtnycecbtdît`gfî dcw `strcw+ psn wabt cb tr`nb dc o`y`wwcr" Dsganb dc k„ŗnk+ ê tr`ycrw sbc zartc%icbìtrc+ yasw ya~c|sbc iceec ê k` kabmsc gfcycksrc orsbc tr`ycrwcr wabwîlasr" Wasd`nb+ nk yasw yncbt sbc cbync+ psc yaswcvzrnec| wzabt`bîecbt ê f`stc yanv < ¨ Ab wc ectkê 1! Ab rcm`rdc k` iceec ! ¸ Psckpsc gfawc cb yasw`sr` yasks yasw i`nrc ynyrc k` wgæbc dc k„`dakcwgcbt`kkabmî wsr sbc dsbc `ycg wcw gaz`nbw+ gabtcezk`bt`ycg îecrycnkkcecbt k` mr`gncswc Daratf~ y`ps`bt êwcw aggsz`tnabw" Psc dnrabt dc yasw kcw zctntwgabb`rdw dc ecrdc m`yîw d„` zrnarn wsr kcw zsrnt`nbw

psn gkaâtrcbt kcsrw iceecw ct psn zcrdcbt k` tìtcps`bd nkw yancbt k` wnkfascttc knorc dcw Ir`bí`nwcwîe`bgnzîcw 1 Psc yasw ìtcw sb ya~csr" Ct nkw yasw

nbdsnt z`r sb îyîbcecbt e`tîrnck" G„cwt `nbwn ps„sb rìyc cwtîycbtsckkcecbt `swwn ¨ rîck ¸ ct yny`gc zasr k` gabwgncbgc ps„sb

yîgs gf`rbck 8 t`bdnw ps„sbc cvzîrncbgc e`tîrnckkc zcst ìtrc êzcnbc yîgsc &ps`bd k„cwzrnt cwt `nkkcsrw as k` gabwgncbgc aobson%kîc.+ e`k zcrísc+ e`k rcwwcbtnc+ ct ìtrc oncb eanbw zrîmb`bt ps„sbrìyc as kc wasycbnr d„sb yîgs nrrîck &z`r kc on`nw d„sb inke as d„sbrae`b." Ct g„cwt zasr gck` eìec psc kcw mcbw z`wwcbt kcsrw lasrbîcw ê w„òrcsycr dc gaeeîr`mcw < zasr cbrngfnr kcsr zctntcync nbwnmbnin`btc ct eartckkc `ycg k` ync dcw `strcw 8 z`rgc ps„nk cwt

zawwnokc dc ynyrc sbc ync ê tr`ycrw sb ycgtcsr gaeec k` z`rakc+ k`zfatamr`zfnc+ k` knttîr`tsrc as kc gnbîe`"



0?0

`ggswcrabt gf`psc ianw psc wc zradsnr` sbc ìi`nrc dczwcsda%ya~csrnwec &tastc iarec dc gsrnawntî nbdnw%

grætc cbycrw kcw iarecw as k` bsdntî d„sbc iceec. 8g`r kcw mcbw e`bnzskcbt dcw gabgcztw ct dcw eatw dabtnkw abt sbc dîinbntnab y`msc as on`nwîc+ ps„nkw bcyîrnincbt z`w d`bw sb dngtnabb`nrc `y`bt dc k„stnknwcr+zasr kc i`nrc ê oab cwgncbt+ zasr bc z`w `ktîrcr k`zcrgcztnab ct k` gaezrîfcbwnab dcw gfawcw79" Nk cb cwt`nbwn zasr basw tasw+ e`nw `ycg kcw e`kngncsv g„cwtznrc 8 nkw stnknwcbt kcw eatw kcw zksw e`k gabbatîw zasrw`knr kcw mcbw cb kcw gf`rmc`bt d„sbc gf`rmc îeatnab%bckkc ynwgîr`kcecbt e`kîinpsc+ g`wtr`trngc+ dcwtrsg%trngc" Psc yasw dnrc dc zksw 1 nk ~ ` `sr`nt tckkcecbt êdnrc wsr k` yngncswc ct rîzsmb`btc cwzægc en%fse`nbc"Psc w„nbiarecr `ycg kcw gaeeærcw rcyncbt ê i`nrc dc

79 Sb ya~csr w„cvgntc wcvsckkcecbt+ `s gabtr`nrc dc gcksn psngabtcezkc as psn îtsdnc kc gaezartcecbt dcw mcbw" Aowcrycr kcwmcbw cwt sb zragcwwsw gk`wwnpsc zasr w`yanr gaeecbt wc gaezar%tcr cb wagnîtî" Oc`sgasz dc mcbw abt+ dæw kcsr zrnec cbi`bgc+

aowcryî ct nbtîmrî kc gaezartcecbt dc kcsrw zragfcw+ `spsck nkwwc wabt knentîw" Nkw wabt+ dæw kcsr zksw lcsbc ïmc+ tckw ps„nkw wcrabttastc kcsr ync" Oc`sgasz d„`strcw mcbw+ `s gabtr`nrc+ bab z`w cs dceadækc ‗ w`tnwi`nw`bt ‗ ct nkw bc wc wabt z`w kòarncswcecbtgabwtrsntw tast wcskw" Nkw rcm`rdcbt dabg sb zcs z`rtast gaeecbtwabt kcw `strcw 8 zasr w„nbwznrcr dc kcsr tcbsc ycwtnecbt`nrc+ dckcsr `ttntsdc+ dc kcsr k`bm`mc+ dc kcsr ecbt`kntî+ dc kcsrw maøtw+

dc kcsr gsktsrc+ as wnezkcecbt zasr wc i`nrc sbc rczrîwcbt`tnabds eabdc ct dc wcw fònt`btw"



0??

k` ya~`bgc cb rcm`rd`bt k„c`s tasronkkabb`btc d„sb iabddc k`trnbcw…

Ya~c|%yasw `s eanbw+ gaeecbt 1 zasr kcw mcbw lcsbcwct bab `ycrtnw+ k` tîkî &kc gnbîe`. wc gabiabd `ycg k`rî`kntî" Gcttc e`gfnbc ê k`ycr kc gcryc`s dcyr`nt i`nrck„aolct d„sb gabtrôkc z`rcbt`k wtrngt+ ê dîi`st d„sbgabtrôkc masycrbcecbt`k wtrngt psn bc wcr` z`w i`ntzsnwpsc kcw eîdn`w dc e`wwc yabt dc z`nr `ycg kcZasyanr 8 zcbd`bt gc tcezw ¨ ab ¸ basw ect cb m`rdcgabtrc Nbtcrbct ct kcw lcsv ynrtsckw…Ps`bd nkw bc zrcbbcbt z`w eadækc wsr kcw zcrwabb`mcwdcw îgr`bw+ zctntw ct mr`bdw+ nkw kc zrcbbcbt wsr kcwz`rcbtw 8 z`rtngsknærcecbt ps`bd nk w„`mnt dc ¨ i`nrc kcwmr`bdw ¸" @nbwn+ wn sb zrî`dakcwgcbt Ir`bga%nt`kncbcbtr`âbc sb zrî`dakcwgcbt Ir`bga%e`mfrîonb d`bw kc

tò`mnwec ct d`bw k` gabwaee`tnab dc easwwcsv&gaeec d„`strcw nbgntcbt ê k` gabwaee`tnab dc ¨ dra%mscw dsrcw ¸.+ ab bc dnr` z`w psc kc Ir`bga%nt`kncb cwtsb e`kw`nb garrsztcsr dabt nk i`st wc dîtasrbcr 8 abzcbwcr` psc wcw `mnwwcecbtw wabt b`tsrckw+ g`r nk nentcwcw z`rcbtw+ Ir`bí`nw d„arnmnbcw nt`kncbbc ct zakab`nwc"

Wn &gaeec tasw kcw zrîtcbtncsv zàbw fse`nbw dîin`btgabtnbsckkcecbt kc dncs dc k„`kgaak psn kcsr ir`g`wwcw~wtîe`tnpscecbt k` tìtc. sb `strc lcsbc Ir`bga%nt`kncb wc wàskc sb zcs kècbtòkcecbt `ycg kòastcnkkc dc ynb ps„nk ` dce`bdî `s Ir`bga%e`mfrîonbgaeec zrcsyc dc w` oabbc dnwzawntnab d„cwzrnt+ sbc

w`kazc ir`bí`nwc rcbdr` rcwzabwòkc kc Ir`bga%



0?7

e`mfrîonb &`ggswcr ê tart ct ê tr`ycrw cwt sbc i`íabdc rclctcr+ ìicgtnycecbt+ zsnw wagn`kcecbt. < ¨ G„cwt

t` i`stc í` ! ¸Wn sbc zctntc Ir`bí`nwc i`nt dîgasyrnr k` batnab dc yakê yatrc mawwc cb ksn dce`bd`bt dc ksn yakcr sb or`gckctdc z`gatnkkc d`bw sb e`m`wnb7=+ nk zcst w„cvîgstcr+ nkzcst bc z`w w„cvîgstcr cb gaezrcb`bt `s tab dc k`dce`bdc psc k„`gtc g`gfc psckpsc gfawc dc ¨ z`wg`tfaknpsc ¸" E`nw w„nk cvzîrnecbtc k` gfawc sktîrncsrc%ecbt+ kcw mcbw bc yasdrabt rncb w`yanr dc k„arnmnbcrîckkc dc k„`gtc 8 nkw bc ycrrabt ps„sbc agg`wnab dcgr`gfcr wsr kcw mcbw dc gfc| yasw"&K„nbgnt`tnab `s yak+ gaeec k„nbgnt`tnab `s tò`mnwec ascbgarc ê k` zrnwc dc dramsc+ cwt wsnync d„sb `gtc wn k`zcrwabbc tcbtîc ` k„fòntsdc d„`mnr dc gabgcrt `ycg

k„nbgnt`tcsr+ as oncb w„nk ` îtî nbntnî z`r wab cbynrabbc%ecbt iènkn`k" @strcecbt+ wasycbt k` zcrwabbc nbgntîcw„cbtr`âbcr` d„òard ê k„òrn dcw rcm`rdw zasr cbwsntc`mnr `ycg kcw `strcw+ gabiareîecbt ê gc ps„nkw `ttcb%dcbt dc ksn" Ab `gfætcr` sb z`psct dc gnm`rcttcw zasr`zzrcbdrc ê isecr+ `y`bt dc wc zrîwcbtcr `sv `strcw

`ycg k„fòntsdc ct k„`wwsr`bgc ps„nk i`st zasr oncbz`r`âtrc 8 gaeec ab w„cbtr`âbcr` ê ceor`wwcr `ycg k`

7= Zasr rcwtcr zrazrcw wsr ckkcw+ zasr ìtrc ê kcsr `y`bt`mc d`bwk„nbgabwgncbt gakkcgtni+ kcw iceecw îyntcbt dc i`nrc gc+ gaezra%ectt`bt+ ps„ckkcw k`nwwcbt `sv faeecw+ ps`bd ckkcw bc kcw zaswwcbt

z`w ê kc i`nrc"



0?4

k`bmsc `y`bt wab zrcencr iknrt &gaeoncb dc Ir`bí`nw wcwabt cbtr`âbîw ê zîbîtrcr sb y`mnb `ycg gcksn dc kcsr

zctntc wŗsr 1 wn gc b„cwt dc kcsr gaswnbc." Cb e`tnærcdc yak+ wn k„nbdnynds tcbtî cwt e`tîrn`knwtc+ nk zasrr`zrcbdrc maøt `s gf`z`rd`mc ps„nk cvzîrnecbtcr` dc wabgôtî+ wnbab nk gcwwcr`" Wn wab enkncs wagn`k cwt i`yarnwî+nk `gfætcr` wnezkcecbt k„aolct+ wnbab nk kc yakcr` îycb%tsckkcecbt zasr wc zragsrcr dcw wcbw`tnabw eîgab%bscw+ gaeec sbc zaswwîc d„`drîb`knbc as kc oncb ìtrcîzrasyî z`r k„ò`bdab dc wan knoîrî ds g`rg`b dcw kanwct ds zandw dcw zrîgcztcw ear`sv 8 nk yakcr` cbwsntc dce`bnærc eanbw mrawwnærc ps„sb yakcsr ê k„ît`k`mc+ cbi`nw`bt ¨ dcw ìi`nrcw ¸+ dc wartc ê îgf`zzcr `sv ~csvdcw cwzrntw ct ê k` gabwgncbgc dcw eastabw ear`knwîw"Wn k` tcbt`tnab cwt nbntnîc z`r kc ecbcsr d„sb mraszc+

sb eceorc zasrr` zksw dniingnkcecbt dc bc z`w wsnyrckc easycecbt+ wasw zcnbc d„ìtrc cvgks ds mraszc"Gcrt`nbw gf`bmcrabt dc mraszc+ gcrt`nbw wc rctrasyc%rabt wcskw+ d„`strcw wsnyrabt kc mraszc lswps„ê gc ps„nkwant wtazzî z`r sbc `starntî cvtîrncsrc"Ear`kntî 1 Cf oncb+ bc i`ntcw z`w dc mawwcw wn yasw bc

zasyc| yasw cb aggszcr garrcgtcecbt+ zasr bc z`w kcwò`bdabbcr ê kcsrw cvzîrncbgcw+ oabbcw as e`sy`nwcw+psn kcw tr`bwiarecrabt cb gc ê psan yasw bc yasw`ttcbdrc| z`w" Z`rgc psc yaw mawwcw+ ya~c|%yasw+ bcwabt z`w zksw cb ecwsrc psc yasw dc bc z`w wcgabiarecr `s enkncs d`bw kcpsck nkw wc rctrasycrabt+ ct

ê zcnbc zksw cb ecwsrc psc yasw d„ìtrc dcw waknt`nrcw



0?3

dæw karw psc kcsr wsrync bc dîzcbd z`w dc kcsr wagn`%onkntî 8 astrc ps„nkw bc gabb`nwwcbt z`w zksw kcw tcvtcw

ds drant ct dc k` ear`kc ‗ îgrntcw ct bab îgrntcw ‗ pscyasw"@ batcr ps„sbc zcrwabbc knorc dcw rcknmnabw onoknpscw‗ ct dc kcsr gsktsrc w`dnpsc ct fsenkn`btc dc k` gskz`%onknw`tnab ‗ bc ycrr` z`w dcw `gtcw farw k` kan gaeecdcw zîgfîw+ dcw dîkntw+ dcw i`stcw+ e`nw gaeec dcwnezkcw cvzîrncbgcw dc ync &wsrtast ps`bd gc psn cwtfarw k` kan cwt gsktsrckkcecbt nbwznrî z`r kcw tcb`btwdcw rcknmnabw onoknpscw." Kc eabdc ît`bt k`rmcecbtrabmî z`r k„`gndc dcw rcknmnabw onoknpscw+ k` zksz`rt dcwmcbw iabt dc k` dnòaknw`tnab `ycg tast gc psc kcw farw%barec iabt ct psn îgf`zzc ê kcsr ear`kc g`wtr`trngc"@ zrazaw dc yak… l„cb zraintc zasr kc wnmb`kcr `s zra%

zrnît`nrc d„sbc Zcsmcat ?:3 ok`bgfc+ wn lc ec wasyncbwoncb+ psn w„cwt i`nt yakcr k` zratcgtnab cb zk`wtnpsc banrnbgsryîc dc k„`nkc `y`bt drant+ wsr sb z`rhnbm dck„Ad~wwcse+ ê Eabtzckkncr+ `s enkncs dc k` bsnt+ inb0>>: dîost ?::: < kc yakcsr ît`nt sb lcsbc Ir`bí`nwd„cbynrab ?: `bw+ `sv gfcycsv træw gasrtw+ okabdw+ ksn%

eìec zrazrnît`nrc d„sbc tckkc yantsrc+ d`bw k`psckkc wctrasy`nt w` orsbc `sv gfcycsv kabmw ct knwwcw" Cbpsckpscw wcgabdcw+ nk cwt wartn dc w` yantsrc+ ` `rr`gfîct cezartî k` znægc cb zk`wtnpsc+ `y`bt dc rceabtcr`swwn yntc d`bw wab yîfngskc ct w„cb `kkcr" Gck` bc yaswgabgcrbc z`w+ e`nw cbtrc kc tîkîzfabc `ròc ct kc

tîkîzfabc ir`bí`nw+ nk wcr`nt îtabb`bt psc gcttc nbiar%



0?9

e`tnab bc z`ryncbbc z`w `sv arcnkkcw dc k` zcrwabbcgabgcrbîc 8 ct nk wcr`nt d„`nkkcsrw èsw`bt dc gabwt`tcr

gaeecbt gck` wc wcr` i`nt" Nk cwt d„`nkkcsrw gsrncsv psck„ab bc z`ryncbbc z`w ê trasycr tasw kcw cbi`btw psndnwz`r`nwwcbt gf`psc `bbîc+ `ycg tastcw kcw ynzærcw ctkcw gfascttcw psn t`znwwcbt k` wagnîtî cb zcrgf`bt wsrwcw o`wwcw f`stcsrw" Kcw ~csv yancbt ct kcw k`bmscw wcdîkncbt zasr tr`pscr kc zctnt zanwwab+ `zz`rceecbt z`wps`bd nk w„`mnt dc tr`pscr kc mraw mnoncr dcw rîwc`sveìncsv"@kkc|+ gasrw+ k` rsecsr… gasrw ! Kcw gfncbw abt i`ne".Wn cwt yakî sb ardnb`tcsr zartòkc d`bw kc gcbtrc dciare`tnab aþ yasw zasrrnc| `kkcr… dcynbc| psn wcr`waszíabbî76"Wn kc rîwc`s nbiare`tnpsc kag`k ` dcw r`tîw+ ab &sb

iare`tcsr r`gn`knwtc `sv wartncw w`bw rîwcrycw. yaswwaszíabbcr` zksw as eanbw asycrtcecbt+ ds rcm`rd+ dck„`yanr trìnpsî 8 z`rgc psc yasw wcrc| rîzstî cbgabb`âtrc sb r`~ab+ ct z`rgc psc gc iare`tcsr bc wsz%zartc z`w dc bc z`w ìtrc kc wcsk e`âtrc ê oard+ gaeeckc dabbcsr d„ardrcw ps„nk ît`nt cb t`bt ps„nbmîbncsr" Ab

b„`sr` z`w ndîc dc waszíabbcr kc Ir`bí`nw îkcgtrngncbdc eîtncr+ psn `sr` rcgïokî sbc z`rtnc ds rîwc`s zasrw„`ttrnoscr yatrc gabbcvnab azîr`btc ct yasw `ttrnoscrk` wncbbc+ dîicgtscswc"

76 Gaeoncb d„îtòknwwcecbtw `denbnwtr`tniw as wgak`nrcw gr~ztcbt

kcw dabbîcw dcw `wwslcttnw 1 Cb g`w dc yak d„ardnb`tcsrw+ psckkcwnbiare`tnabw wabt `ggcwwnokcw `s%v yakcsr%w 1



0?=

Wn k„nezrne`btc taeoc cb z`bbc as wn k` gabwaee`tnabd„cbgrc ct dc z`zncr dîz`wwc kcw ps`btntîw swsckkcw+ ab

bc waszíabbcr` z`w kc oasrwngatcsr ir`bí`nw psnnezrnec ê zraiswnab+ zasr wcw ìi`nrcw zcrwabbckkcw+kcw z`mcw }co gf`rmîcw dc mr`zfnpscw 8 z`w zksw psc kcir`bga%ockmc bîcrk`bd`nw+ psn nezrnec ps`tar|c z`mcwd„sb dagsecbt zasr b„cb m`rdcr ps„sbc wcskc+ zsnwps„nkbc w`nt z`w rîmkcr kcw aztnabw d„nezrcwwnab"Wn sbc lcsbc Ir`bí`nwc w`bw ps`kning`tnab oîbîingncd„sbc rcgabycrwnab zraicwwnabbckkc rîesbîrîc ctrîwcryîc `sv ¨ tr`y`nkkcsrw f`bdng`zîw ¸+ zasr g`swcd„`kkcrmncw `knecbt`nrcw psn k„cezìgfcbt wnezkcecbt dctasgfcr ê e`nb bsc gcrt`nbw `knecbtw+ ab bc dnr` z`wpsc w` e`k`dnc b„cwt z`w yîrntòkcecbt f`bdng`z`btc+ct ps„ckkc `sr`nt zs aggszcr oncb dcw cezkanw w`bw

r`zzart `ycg wcw `kkcrmncw" Wab zraokæec dc w`btîb„cwt zasrt`bt bn ynwnokc bn z`rtngsknærcecbt f`bdng`%z`bt7>" Nbstnkc dc yasw dnr` psc d`bw sb tck g`w+ k„azn%bnab zsoknpsc bc wcr` z`w `swwn gkîecbtc cbycrw yasw 8gc psc yasw `yc| b„cwt z`w ik`mr`bt+ yasw bc i`ntcw z`wds gnbîe` yngtne`nrc+ yasw b„ît`kc| z`w yaw okcwwsrcw

dc mscrrc+ yasw b„cvzawc| z`w yatrc dawwncr eîdng`k bnyatrc ync zrnyîc+ dabg yasw b„`yc| rncb &g`r nk ~ ` tastcsbc `reîc dc dîtcwtòkcw nbdnyndsw psn+ d`bw k` wzfærczsoknpsc+ w`bw tntrc zraicwwnabbck ct w`bw fònknt`tnab+`daztcbt k„`ttntsdc dcw das`bncrw+ dcw gabtrôkcsrw dc

7> E`nw ckkc dcyr`nt w„nbtîrcwwcr `s ¨ rîmnec Wcnmb`kct ¸…



0?6

k` Wîgsrntî wagn`kc+ dcw `mcbtw dc wîgsrntî+ dcwzakngncrw+ dcw lsmcw+ ps`bd gc b„cwt z`w d„sb gfci dc

enkngc+ d„sb mr`bd zrìtrc ds H`H`+ as ds dncs dsLsmcecbt dcrbncr… zasr îtòknr k` yîrntî+ psn wcr``mrîîc ct rîzîtîc gaeec z`rakc d„Cy`bmnkc z`r gcsvpsn wabt wasw k„`starntî `bne`kc dnrcgtc dcw `sta%zragkèîw tcb`btw dc k„Ardrc wagn`k `bne`k+ k`psckkcwszzk`btc dc i`nt kcw lsmcecbtw ct kcw `ynw aiingnckw."Wn k` gabbcvnab ê Nbtcrbct ` dcw kcbtcsrw+ ab bc wasz%íabbcr` z`w k` zctntc ir`bí`nwc ‗ wnkcbgncswc gaeec sbce`wgattc ‗ dc kc r`kcbtnr cb las`bt ê dcw lcsv cb knmbc"Ab yasw waszíabbcr` dc kc r`kcbtnr `ycg ds tîkîgf`r%mcecbt+ eìec wn yasw b„`yc| z`w dc gabbcvnab êNbtcrbct d`bw yatrc gfèorc &yasw `src| oc`s kcrîzîtcr+ ab bc yasw granr` z`w." Ab z`rkcr` d„cb dîgas%

drc `ycg yasw z`rgc ps„ab bc wszzartcr` z`w psc yaswbc yasw gaezartnc| z`w gaeec kcw `strcw &kcw wasenw`sv eïkcw daenb`btw. 8 z`rgc psc kcw zstcw `srabt o`yîwsr yatrc daw cb yasw `ggsw`bt ê gasz wør+ zsnwpscyasw z`wwc| yatrc tcezw d`bw yatrc gfèorc &rcya~c|kcw wgæbcw dc k~bgf`mc d`bw k„@eîrnpsc zraiabdc dcw

tcezw z`wwîw+ yasw w`src| gaeecbt zcst wc z`wwcrsbc `ggsw`tnab+ sb `sdncbgc ct sbc enwc ê eartcvzîdntnycw."Wn sb Ir`bga%dc%z`zncr%zartsm`nw gaezraect dcwzcrwabbcw wcrynòkcw cb kcsr dce`bd`bt gaeecbt4:

4:

Cb nbwnwt`bt lswps„ê aotcbnr k` rîzabwc" ¨ Lc w`nw z`w+ gaeecbtiabt kcw trìnps`btw 1 T„`w lè`nw ys kcw w`nwncw+ d`bw kcw



0?>

iòrnpscr kcw i`sv oskkctnbw dc z`nc ps„nkw ksn zcrect%trabt d„`ggîdcr ê sbc iare`tnab rîesbîrîc ‗ dabt nk wc

eapsc awtcbwnokcecbt ‗ `ycg sb w`k`nrc psn ksn gabyncb%dr`nt+ ab bc ksn gakkcr` z`w k„îtnpscttc dc isenwtcir`sdcsr ct garrsztcsr z`rtast aþ nk nr`" Ab bc dnr`rncb wsr kc daw dcw Ir`bí`nw nezknpsîw" E`nw ds Ir`bga%e`mfrîonb wakkngntî z`r k„nbg`zòkc rng`bcsr zasr cvzkn%pscr ct dîtasrbcr kcw iabgtnabw d„sb kamngnck dc rctas%gfc d„ne`mc+ kcw r`gnwtcw k`bmscw dc zstc ir`bí`nwcwpsn tr`pscbt d`bw kcw r`matw kcw îtr`bmcrw psn bcycskcbt z`w tr`y`nkkcr+ psn trìnpscbt+ psn ir`sdcbt ctpsn yakcbt+ nkw dnrabt z`rtast psc gcksn%kê cwt sb ir`s%dcsr psn i`nt dc i`sv z`zncrw zasr m`mbcr dc k„`rmcbtzsokng w`bw tr`y`nkkcr"Wn gc Ir`bga%dc%z`zncr%zartsm`nw &gaeec d„`strcw

Ir`bí`nw. ciicgtsc ¨ `s ok`gh ¸ dcw tr`y`sv ps„nk b„cwtzksw gcbwî zasyanr i`nrc cb t`bt psc ¨ tr`y`nkkcsrf`bdng`zî ¸ &traz òâeî zasr gabtnbscr ê cvcrgcr wab`bgncb eîtncr `ycg kcw gabtr`nbtcw zradsgtnynwtcw+ e`nwz`w gaezkætcecbt farw d„sw`mc.+ kcw Ir`bí`nw bc dnrabtz`w psc g„cwt sb wnesk`tcsr ir`sdcsr" Nkw dnrabt psc

rczart`mcw tîkî 1 Nkw abt kcw kamngnckw psn abt wcryn ê i`nrc dcwi`sv oskkctnbw dc z`nc" Trasyc kcpsck ` îtî stnknwî z`r tabcezka~csr" ¸ ¨ @csf+ lc w`nw z`w ean í`" ¸ ¨ T` mab|cwwc cwtgaeztòkc" Dce`bdc%ksn" ¸ ¨ @csf+ ckkc w`nt z`w+ ckkc+ í`" ¸ ¨ Ocb`karw lc w`nw z`w" ¸ ¨ Gaeecbt lc zasrr`nw i`nrc 1 T„`w z`w sbc

ndîc" ¸ ¨ Ocb+ lc w`nw z`w… `ycg k` rctasgfc d„ne`mc" ¸ ¨ @csf+ ean lc w`nw z`w i`nrc í`" ¸ ¨ Ocb+ ts `zzrcbdw" ¸



07:

g„cwt sb tr`y`nkkcsr psn w„`gf`rbc ê tr`y`nkkcr+ eìec w„nkbc kc zcst zksw" Nk `nec k„`rmcbt+ ct í`+ í` z`rkc ê k`

zksz`rt dcw mcbw 8 nkw wc wcbtcbt cb iènkkc+ `stasr dsia~cr dcw ikèocsrw"Wn sb Ir`bí`nw ciicgtsc dcw tr`y`sv bab dîgk`rîwz`rgc ps„nk ycst+ `s zksw yntc+ gabwtntscr sb z`trneanbc+w„`rrìtcr dc tr`y`nkkcr+ ct ynyrc d„sbc rcbtc wzîgsk`tnyccb ciicgts`bt psckpscw zctntw gf`btncrw cbtrc mcbw psnwc gabb`nwwcbt ct wc rcgaee`bdcbt cb rcgrî`bt `nbwnsbc zctntc \abc Tcezar`nrc @stabaec+ ab dnr` pscg„cwt sb oab Ir`bí`nw+ tr`y`nkkcsr+ psn grîc dc k` rngfcw%wc+ gabiareîecbt `s eadækc zraes z`r kcw e`masnk%kcsrw knoîr`sv ds ¨ tr`y`nkkcr zksw zasr m`mbcr zksw ¸"E`nw wn yasw `mnwwc| z`rcnkkcecbt+ ab dnr` psc yaswyakc| kc tr`y`nk dcw fabbìtcw `rtnw`bw ir`bí`nw psn

z`ncbt dcw gf`rmcw ct dcw nezôtw psn wabt kcw `ndcwwagn`kcw psc yasw `yc| cvtarpsîcw ê k` Ir`bgc dcwIr`bí`nw"Wn yasw bc tr`y`nkkc| z`w+ wn yasw tr`y`nkkc| ê tcezwz`rtnck+ wn yasw ìtcw weng`rdw… nkw dnrabt psc yasw bcyaskc| z`w z`~cr d„nezôt+ ct psc yasw yasw `rr`bmc|

zasr bc z`w cb z`~cr cb las`bt wsr kcw fcsrcw tr`y`nk%kîcw+ zasr tasgfcr sb w`k`nrc gaezkîecbt`nrc waswiarec d„`ndcw wagn`kcw" Ct `karw+ kc mrnmas rcbds l`kasvz`r k` iartsbc dcw ya~asw ct dcw zkcnbw `sv `w inkasw dsWsd+ gaeec ds g`znt`k dcw sktr` rngfcw bab nezawîw ctoîbîingn`bt d„sb `yanr inwg`k+ nk icr` gasrnr k„ndîc wckab



070

k`psckkc yasw gabb`nwwc| kcw gaeonbcw zasr rî`knwcrgcttc zrascwwc"

Yasw zcbwc| psc lc r`gabtc b„nezartc psan 1 Zcbwc|%kc"Yasw b„`yc| z`w ndîc ê psck zanbt sb gcrt`nbzasrgcbt`mc dc Ir`bí`nw abt ocwanb d„sb tr`ntcecbtzw~gfn`trnpsc+ wîyærcecbt zcrtsroîw ps„nkw wabt d`bwkcsr lsmcecbt ct d`bw kcsrw zcrgcztnabw+ z`r tast gcps„nkw yancbt+ knwcbt+ cbtcbdcbt+ ct psn kcsr i`nt yanr dcwgfawcw psn b„cvnwtcbt z`w+ as z`w gaeec nkw kcw yancbt"Kcw Ir`bí`nw wabt dîlê m`yîw `sv `bvnak~tnpscw ct`strcw `btndîzrcwwcsrw+ e`nw oc`sgasz d„cbtrc csv abtocwanb d„sb tr`ntcecbt zksw kasrd" Wn kcw zw~gfn`trcw ctkcw zakntnpscw cb dastcbt+ ps„nkw wc zcbgfcbt wîrncswc%ecbt+ ê tr`ycrw kcsrw r`matw+ wsr k` zcrgcztnab psc kcwIr`bí`nw abt dcw @ròa%e`mfrîonbw < nkw f`kksgnbcbt+ nkw

dîknrcbt+ nkw g`sgfce`rdcbt"K„nbinrecrnc d„nbdswtrnc yant dîinkcr dcw mcbw psn wczk`nmbcbt dc gfawcw w`bw gabwîpscbgcw ps„nkw wabtaoknmîw dc wnmb`kcr zasr ìtrc gasycrtw wn kcw gabwî%pscbgcw bc wabt z`w neeîdn`tcw 8 psckpscw fcsrcw dcrct`rd d`bw kc wnmb`kcecbt `bbskcbt k` rcgabb`nww`bgc

dc k„`ggndcbt ct dîgkcbgfcbt sbc wswzngnab dc ir`sdc"Kc zcrwabbck eîdng`k dastc dabg `nwîecbt dc gc psnb„cwt z`w nbgabtcwtòkc" Ct eìec ps`bd k` gfawc cwtnbgabtcwtòkc+ cb g`w dc e`k`dnc dn`mbawtnpsîc asd„`ggndcbt w`bmk`bt+ ab nrabnwcr` < ¨ Nk ` sbc zctntcw`btî" ¸ ¨ Gaeecbt nk w„cwt dîorasnkkî 1 ¸ ¨ Nk bc w`nt

z`w tr`y`nkkcr" ¸ Ps`bd tast gcgn wc z`wwc d`bw sbc



07?

ynkkc dc e`masnkkcsrw aþ 6:# dcw mcbw tasgfcbt dcw`ndcw wagn`kcw+ ct aþ ræmbcbt k` garrsztnab+ kc ornm`b%

d`mc+ kc gkncbtîknwec zakntnpsc+ kê aþ kc r`gnwec cwtcv`gcroî as k`tcbt… yatrc rîzst`tnab cwt i`ntc" Ctz`rtast+ kcw cbi`btw dc zst`nb rîzætcrabt < ¨ Nk b„`rncb" G„cwt sb ir`sdcsr" ¸ Ct i`gc ê k` ps`btntî d„`ggn%dcbtîw ds tr`y`nk ct `strcw ¨ tr`y`nkkcsrw f`bdng`zîw ¸cb rcgabycrwnab psn tr`y`nkkcbt `s Banr+ psn iabt dswzart+ psn bc zrîwcbtcbt `sgsb wnmbc `zz`rcbt dcf`bdng`z+ ps`bd kc dastc mîbîr`knwî w„nbwt`kkcr`+ gf`gsbtcbtcr` dc lswtnincr w` zrîwcbgc cb r`gabt`bt wcwi`ntw dc mscrrc îgabaenpsc ct cb cvfno`bt wcw okcw%wsrcw ct wcw r`dnaw dc yr`nw rcwg`zîw+ dc yr`nw yîtî%r`bw psn eîrntcbt yr`necbt sbc yr`nc zcbwnab d„nby`kn%dntî as sbc zk`gc d`bw sb Gcbtrc dc iare`tnab"

G„cwt ê wc dce`bdcr gaeecbt kc eabdc zcst iabgtnab%bcr `ycg k` ps`btntî dc gabw psn w„~ trasyc" Zcst%ìtrcmrïgc ê w` zkîtfarc dc e`masnkkcsrw+ dc gaezkatcsrw+dc zcrycrw dîeabn`pscw+ dc eìncsv+ dc i`sv+ dcecbtcsrw+ psn abt i`nt kc eabdc ê kcsr i`íab+ ê k„cbrcbdrc bare`k dc kcsr zanbt dc ysc+ ct dabg i`yaròkc

ê gc ps„nk ~ ` dc zksw e`k i`nt cb k„cwzægc ¨ fse`nbc ¸"Cb rî`kntî+ g„cwt yr`necbt z`r bîgcwwntî ynt`kc ctfse`nbc psc kcw mcbw wc wszzartcbt estsckkcecbt+z`rgc psc k` wcskc yîrntòkc gfawc ps„ab bc zcstps„`yanr cbync dc i`nrc ps`bd ab ` ìi`nrc `svTcrrncbw+ g„cwt dc kcw cvtcrenbcr" Dc k` w`kazcrnc+ kcw



077

Tcrrncbw wabt dc k` w`kazcrnc 8 zasr gc psn cwt dc kèantnî d„cbtrc csv"

Lc dnw`nw dabg… Wn sb Ir`bí`nw tasgfc sbc ¨ `kkag`tnabf`bdng`zî ¸ `zræw `yanr cs sb `ggndcbt dc k` rastcwasw cezrnwc dc g`bbònw+ zcrwabbc bc zcrwnikcr`nbgcwwèecbt wsr kcw zrcwpsc =:: ₫ `kkasîw ecbwsck%kcecbt+ psn bc ksn wcrycbt zrcwps„cvgkswnycecbt ps„ê lascr ê dcw lcsv dc mr`tt`mc ct ê `gfctcr wcw tranwz`psctw dc gnm`rcttcw psatndncbw 8 z`rgc psc k` rîmrcw%wnab ecbt`kc d„sbc ¨ e`nb trasîc ¸ bc ksn i`nt e`bnicw%tcecbt z`w gcwwcr d„ìtrc sb ikèocsr" Ps„nk b„`nt lè`nw tr`y`nkkî dc w` ync dc e`k`dc ecbt`k bc zcst z`wksn y`kanr sbc cvzskwnab z`r k` yanc ds zcszkc îkîecbt`k+e`nw nk ` nbtîrìt ê z`~cr mîbîrcswcecbt ct psatndncb%bcecbt dcw tasrbîcw zasr psc kcw osycsrw dc gfn`wwc+

psn zraintcrabt `karw dc w` zcbwnab+ bc trasycbt zkswrncb ê rcdnrc ê k` wnts`tnab"Wn sb `kgaaknpsc ‗ ir`bí`nw ‗ ` sb `ggndcbt ds tr`y`nk cbi`nw`bt sbc gfstc d„sbc îgfckkc dsc ê wab iart dcmrîd„`kgaaknw`tnab+ psn ksn y`st dcsv `bbîcw d„`rrìt dctr`y`nk rîesbîrî+ zksw sbc rcbtc+ ab cb rnr` gaeec

d„sbc ok`msc dc zat`gfc psn w„cwt zrnw sb oab mscskctab"Ps`bd sb asyrncr cwt+ z`r k„cezka~csr+ mîbîrcswcecbtrcbya~î gfc| ksn ê en%lasrbîc zasr gsycr wab z`wtnw+cbtr`âbî ps„nk ` îtî+ z`r k„nbtîmrnwtc `kgaaknpsc dc



074

wcryngc40+ ab bc wtnme`tnwcr` z`w k„`kgaaknwec ir`bí`nwbn kcw eŗsrw `kgaaknpscw ir`bí`nwcw"

Ps`bd Wtczfnab Wnky~ïbc+ sb mraw r`t ok`bg psn+ cbtrcksn ct w` iceec+ m`mbc zksw dc 7::: csraw ecbwsckw+yasw icr` gaezrcbdrc+ ê yasw kc weng`rd ê tcezwz`rtnck+ gc ps„nk yasw i`st i`nrc zasr ksn zk`nrc e`kmrîyatrc arnmnbc ct yatrc z`trab~ec 8 ct dc gc i`nt+ zasrdîecbtnr k` rsecsr dnw`bt psc yasw ìtcw cb Ir`bgczasr yasw cbrngfnr ct yasw wask`mcr kc mk`bd wsr kc dawdcw Ir`bí`nw ê psn yasw b„`zzartc| rncb+ wn gc b„cwt kcorsnt ct k„adcsr… ct zasr ps„nk gcwwc dc yasw f`rgckcrdcw `bbîcw dsr`bt+ dc yasw w`knr ct dc yasw dîbnmrcrcb cvgnt`bt kc r`gnwec+ kcw o`w nbwtnbgtw ct kcwzcrycrwntîw dc gcsv ps„nk eabtcr` gabtrc yasw zasrps„nkw yasw f`rgækcbt+ yasw gf`wwcbt+ yasw dîzrnecbt as

yasw wsngndcbt… ¨ @y`bt+ kcw basyc`sv `zzart`ncbt sbc

40 Sb `kgaaknpsc g`kgsk`tcsr psn+ gaeec tasw kcw dramsîw psn bczcsycbt inb`bgnærcecbt wsoycbnr ê kcsrw ocwanbw+ gamntc tastc k` lasrbîc zasr w`yanr gaeecbt trasycr w` dawc psatndncbbc dcdramsc+ cb cww`~`bt d„cbtr`âbcr tast kc eabdc d`bw w` yakabtî dc

z`wwcr wcw lasrbîcw ê oanrc ct ê wc zrîk`wwcr cb ¨ dîgabb`bt ¸" Nkr`kcbtnt `s o`r kc dîost dc k` lasrbîc+ nk wc tr`âbc cb gasrw dce`tnbîc sbc oastcnkkc ê k` e`nb+ wasw sb zrîtcvtc ondab+ nk psnttc kctr`y`nk ê k„fcsrc dc k„`zîra+ nk rct`rdc d„`s eanbw sbc fcsrc k` rczrnwcds tr`y`nk+ ct nk rcgaeecbgc wab gnrpsc k„`zræw%endn" W„nk zcst lascrê gc bseîra `ycg sb lcsbc zrcencr+ nk bc kc zcst psc zabgtsckkcecbt`ycg sb `dsktc" G`r nk i`st dnrc psc wcw e`masnkkcw d„`kgaaka ksn abt

y`ks d„ìtrc rîtramr`dî `s zraint d„sb basyc`s ycbs dabt nk gfcrgfc`karw ê wòatcr kcw rîwskt`tw zasr rîgszîrcr wab zawtc"



073

oastcnkkc dc z`wtnw ps`bd nkw rcbtr`ncbt ngn ¸… sbcIr`bí`nwc nbwnbscr`+ ê yatrc `ttcbtnab+ sbc `strc kcíab <

¨ Ean+ ps`bd l„`zzartc sbc oastcnkkc+ l„nbyntc tast kceabdc ¸+ z`rgc psc gcksn psn wc zawc cb e`âtrc dcwkncsv `sr` os k` oastcnkkc dc z`wtnw cb g`gfcttc+ `ycgtranw dc wcw gaez`rwcw" Gc b„cwt z`w `s mraw r`t ok`bgr`gnwtc ps„ckkc icr` kc rczragfc+ e`nw ê yasw4?"Nkw yasw dnrabt ¨ rctasrbc d`bw tab z`~w ¸+ ¨ i`st`rrìtcr dc ycbnr cb Ir`bgc+ nk b„~ ` zksw dc tr`y`nk ¸+`ycg kcw eatw nkw yasw znwwcrabt wsr k` mscskc ct yaswgfncrabt wsr k` tìtc cb `ttcbd`bt psc yasw rèznc| êkcsrw zncdw zasr eabtrcr gaeoncb yasw yaskc| kcsrìtrc dîyasîw+ gaeoncb yasw yaskc| òwaksecbt nbtî%mrcr k` b`tnab ir`bí`nwc+ gaeoncb yasw ìtcw zrìtw êtast zasr kcsr gabycbnr" G„cwt sb gadc dc gabdsntc

w`dae`wagfnwtc gaeesb d`bw kcw kncsv wcgt`nrcw+îkntnwtcw+ eìncsv as zazsk`nrcw+ psn zr`tnpscbt kc

4? @nbwn zragædc%t%ab z`rgc ps„ab &`bne`k îmagcbtrnpsc ct ctfba%gcbtrnpsc drcwwî `ycg dcw ¨ ts fabarcr`w tab zærc ct t` eærc ¸+eìec w„nkw wabt ê yaenr. bc gr`gfc z`w d`bw wab gfc| wan+ zræw dc wan+

wsr gcsv psn wabt zragfcw dc wan+ eìec wn ab ` dcw r`nwabw dc kci`nrc" Ab gr`gfc taslasrw wsr gcsv psn wabt ‗ mîamr`zfnpsc asìicgtnycecbt ‗ kanb dc wan+ eìec wn ab b„` `sgsbc r`nwab y`kòkc dckc i`nrc" Kcw e`kfabbìtcw rclcttcrabt dabg wsr sb oasg îenww`nrc+ kczksw b`tsrckkcecbt ds eabdc+ k` rcwzabwònkntî dc tast gc psn bc y`z`w d`bw kcsr ync 8 nkw `ggswcrabt kcw neenmrîw psc kcw zakntnpscw abtnezartîw `s kncs d„`ggòkcr kcw nr%rcwzabwòkcw zakntnpscw ps„nkw abt

îksw+ cb wc dîwnmb`bt+ dc i`nt+ gaeec ga%rcwzabwòkcw ds dîw`wtrcdîbabgî"



079

on|st`mc ct `strcw rntcw dc z`ww`mc ct d„nbtîmr`tnab+psc yasw gabb`nwwc| træw oncb < gfc| yasw+ ab yasw

estnkc kc wcvc+ ab yasw gskzònknwc+ ab yasw ecb`gc dcwîyngcw+ d„cbicr ct dc dèb`tnab+ ab yasw tartsrc+ abyasw îgr`wc+ ab yasw orndc+ ab yasw `bbnfnkc… tast cbcvnmc`bt dc yasw dc k` rcgabb`nww`bgc cbycrw yawoasrrc`sv" Cf oncb+ ngn g„cwt z`rcnk+ wasw sbc `strciarec+ `ycg d„`strcw oasrrc`sv" Zrcbc| dabg tast gck``ycg zfnkawazfnc+ gck` yasw zcrecttr` d„`ggîdcr `sz`r`dnw dc k` Ir`bgc zst`wwnærc"G`r wn kcw Ir`bí`nw tncbbcbt t`bt ê yasw `kgaaknwcr cbyasw i`nw`bt z`rkcr dc yasw+ g„cwt `swwn zasr wc z`~cryatrc tìtc" Kcw Ir`bí`nw yasw iabt z`rkcr dc yasw+ gcb„cwt z`w z`r nbtîrìt èng`k 8 bn eìec zasr cbtrctcbnrsb wnezkc r`zzart oncbwî`bt psn i`nt dce`bdcr gc psc

yasw `yc| i`nt dc yatrc }cch%cbd+ bab z`w zasr w`yanrgc psc yasw i`ntcw dc yatrc ync zrnyîc+ bab z`w zasr cbi`nrc dcw gaeeîr`mcw+ e`nw wnezkcecbt gaeec sbzrîtcvtc `ycg îgf`bmcr psckpscw eatw+ ê dîi`st`ggak`dcw `bne`kcw" G„cwt ps`wnecbt wsr kc tab d„sbnbtcrram`tanrc+ d„sbc ciir`gtnab ecbt`kc+ d„sb ynak dc

k„nbtnentî" Nkw ycskcbt tast w`yanr dc yasw zasr zasyanryasw gr`gfcr dcwwsw cb rctasrb`bt yngncswcecbt tastgc ps„nkw `zzrcbdrabt dc yasw"



07=

Yasw gsktnyc| sb zat`mcr 1 ¨ @f+ nkw gsktnycbt ds g`bb`%onw ! ¸ &ct yasw ycrrc| kc yanwnb`mc rcm`rdcr `ycg

wswzngnab gc psc yasw i`ntcw zaswwcr47

.Yasw `yc| rcycbds sb `zz`rcnk îkcgtrabnpsc asdaecwtnpsc 1 ¨ @f+ nkw yakcbt dcw `zz`rcnkw ct wc iabtds irng cb kcw rcycbd`bt ! ¸Yasw taeoc| e`k`dc 1 ¨ @f+ nkw abt i`nt cvzræw zasrìtrc cb `rrìt%e`k`dnc ! &ê 3:# d„sb WENG ê tcezwz`rtnck….44" Nkw wc wabt gabtènbîw `ycg kcw o`gtîrncwdc kcsr kamcecbt nbw`ksorc as dc k` oaeoc o`gtîrna%kamnpsc ps„nkw zrîz`r`ncbt cb t`bt psc tcrrarnwtcw ps„nkwwabt" Nkw abt wneskî sbc inæyrc" ¸43 Wn yasw ecttc| ds gŗsr ê k„asyr`mc cb yasw îycrts`btê oncb tr`y`nkkcr &zasr bc z`w cbtcbdrc dnrc psc yaswi`ntcw ds tr`y`nk d„@ròc+ psc yasw ir`sdc| ct e`masnk%

kc| eìec `ycg kc tr`y`nk49+ as oncb z`rgc psc yasw

47 Nkw icr`ncbt encsv dc w„aggszcr dc gc psc iabt kcw masycrb`btw+kcw o`bpsncrw+ ct kcw cbtrczrnwcw psn kcw cezkancbt ct kcw basrrnw%wcbt+ `y`bt dc dabbcr dcw kcíabw dc ear`kc+ dc kîm`kntî+ dc ycrtsas dc rcwzcgtònkntî"44 Gaz~rnmft kc gcryc`s mîbn`k ds Wasgfc Wtczfnab Wnky~ïbc 8 O@G%3 ê dcsv enkkc &ct psckpscw. csraw ecbwsck"43 Kcw Ir`bí`nw psn abt e`masnkkî zasr îgf`zzcr `s Wcryngc enknt`nrccb gabb`nwwcbt sb }`mab wsr gc mcbrc dc ir`sdcw+ gaeec gcsv psnicnbtcbt zasr oîbîingncr dc zrcwt`tnabw wagn`kcw as zasr z`~creanbw d„nezôtw+ w`bw z`rkcr dc gcsv psn cwgrapscbt kcw `wwsr`b%gcw"49

Gaeec gc w`k`rnî ir`bí`nw psn rcezk`gc sbc z`rtnc dc k„cbdsnt êf~dr`tcr dc wab cezka~csr z`r dc k` zaswwnærc d„cbdsnt nwwsc ds



076

cbynw`mc| dc yasw ecttrc ê yatrc gaeztc w`bw rnwpscrdcw rîgkè`tnabw.+ ab dnr` psc yasw i`ntcw ds |ækc+ as

oncb psc yasw yaskc| ¨ eabtcr ¸ wsr kcw Ir`bí`nw" Abycrr` cb yasw sb rnmarnwtc cwzrnt d„nbtîmrnwtc ct abyasw wsmmærcr` d„`kkcr ynyrc d`bw sb sktr` knoîr`k z`~wd„cwgk`y`mnwtc zksw `zzrazrnî psc k` Ir`bgc dcw oabwyny`btw 8 gaeec k„@rònc as k` Gfnbc" E`nw wn yasw yaswtr`âbc| gaeec yasw cb `yc| k„sw`mc gfc| yasw+ ab ycrr`cb yasw dcw nezradsgtniw+ dcw easw+ dcw kcbtw d„cwzrnt+dcw wasw%dîyckazzîw 8 kcbtw ê k` gaezrîfcbwnab+ ê k`rî`gtnab+ ê k„îyakstnab"Nkw cv`mærcbt+ kcw Ir`bí`nw+ ps`bd nkw abt k` tìtc d`bwkc Gsk dc k` Ir`bgc+ gaeec ps`bd nkw abt sb gasz d`bwkc bc| ! G`r yasw w`yc| rî`mnr gnbp ianw z`r lasr êk„`zzck ds esc||nb" Gck` ycst oncb dnrc psc yatrc gcr%

yc`s b„cwt z`w gaezkætcecbt kaoataenwî 8 nk cwt cbgarcg`zòkc dc psckpscw rî`gtnabw zrnentnycw ‗ dc t~zcrîikcvc z`ykayncb ‗" Cbrcmnwtrc| dabg kc zramrèececbt`k dcw Ir`bí`nw dc k` Y`wc < ¨ Gaeec basw" ¸ Z`wdniingnkc ê gaezrcbdrc+ z`w dniingnkc ê ecttrc cbŗsyrc wn yasw ìtcw zstcw as oìtcw"

Kcw Ir`bí`nw b„`necbt z`w `yanr ê i`nrc `ycg yasw" E`nwd„`strcw zazsk`tnabw b„`necbt z`w `yanr ê i`nrc `ycg kcwIr`bí`nw 8 ps„nkw wancbt tasrnwtcw as zraicwwnabbckw" Z`r

zabí`mc dcw esrw zkïtrîw+ ìnb dc ecttrc dc gôtî dc k„cbdsnt zasrciicgtscr wcw tr`y`sv bab dîgk`rîw"



07>

cvcezkc kcw @eîrng`nbw4=" Gf`gsb rczragfc `sv `strcwwab e`bpsc dc rnmscsr+ wcw e`bnærcw+ w` ecbt`kntî+ ct

eìec wab e`bpsc d„f~mnæbc" Cbtrc csv+ kcw Ir`bí`nwwabt gkîecbtw 8 nkw wc z`rdabbcbt kcsr tr`y`nk dce`sy`nwc ps`kntî+ w„èsw`bt dc k` ecrdc ps„nkw gfncbt sbzcs z`rtast < kc z`trab bc ynrc z`w k„asyrncr psntr`y`nkkc e`k z`rgc ps„nk ` 3? `bw+ `s rnwpsc gcrt`nb ps„nkbc trasyc zksw dc tr`y`nk 8 sb asyrncr psn ` gîdî ê k`zrcwwnab dcw cezka~csrw w`grnin`bt k` ps`kntî îkîecb%t`nrc `s rcbdcecbt+ `s zanbt dc bc zksw w`yanr pscoïgkcr kc tr`y`nk &psn dant z`rianw ìtrc rci`nt. gaeecsb orngaka ds dne`bgfc+ ct psn cb `zzckkc `sv gakkæ%mscw < ¨ @y`bt+ kcw asyrncrw ît`ncbt waknd`nrcw cbtrccsv" ¸ &Ct cbgarc `slasrd„fsn+ gf`psc garzar`tnab i`ntz`~cr `sv `strcw garzw wagn`sv kcw `y`bt`mcw ps„nkw

z`ryncbbcbt ê `rr`gfcr 8 cb e`tnærc dc rctr`ntc+ dcw`k`nrc as dc tcezw dc tr`y`nk" @slasrd„fsn+ kcwiceecw+ e`wwnycecbt bîa%iîenbnwtcw+ wabt knîcw z`rsbc gabwgncbgc dc gk`wwc psn kcsr iabt mscttcr ctdîbabgcr tastc e`bnicwt`tnab dc e`gfnwtc+ dc babiîenbnwec+ tast gc psn zcst kcsr i`nrc zcrdrc kc eanb%

drc eabgc`s d„`wgcbd`bt wsr kcw faeecw" Nk cwt tcezwpsc kcw lcsbcw faeecw+ psn abt îtî dîw`reîw+ w„sbn%incbt `ycg iargc ct ynmscsr zasr `wwsrcr kcsr wsrync ctkcsr îz`basnwwcecbt+ cb w„arm`bnw`bt `stasr d„sbfaenbnwec" Gc wcr`nt sbc rîmrcwwnab zasr tasw psc dc

4=

¨ Ir`bí`nw ) @eîrng`nbw % K„`strc rnyc ¸ dc Z`wg`k O`sdr~ ‗Knyrcw cb tîkîgf`rmcecbt mr`tsnt < fttz<}}}"zo`sdr~"gae

http://www.pbaudry.com/



04:

wc rîismncr d`bw kcw rcknmnabw onoknpscw ct d`bw kècbt`kntî zrnentnyc+ ps`bd d„`strcw rcknmnabw wabt ê

nbwznrcr+ d„`strcw eabdcw ê cvzkarcr". W` gabgcztnabdc k` waknd`rntî gabwnwtc ê dîbnmrcr kcw `strcw e`nw êìtrc wastcbsw z`r csv" G„cwt zasrpsan k` Ir`bgc b„cwtzksw gaezîtntnyc < ê iargc dc lascr ds bîzatnwec+ dsgaeesb`st`rnwec+ ds garzar`tnwec ct ds b`tnab`knwecpsn i`yarnwcbt kc Ir`bí`nw ‗ dc wasgfc as `wwnenkî ‗zkstôt psc kc tr`y`nkkcsr eîrnt`bt ct `gf`rbî"Kcw Ir`bí`nw wabt ê zcnbc eanbw babgf`k`btw psc yasw`strcw ds Wsd+ gck` i`nt z`rtnc dc yaw `rtw dc ynyrcrcwzcgtniw+ e`nw yasw ya~c|+ nkw gfcrgfcrabt taslasrw êyasw nbiîrnarnwcr+ ê yasw îkanmbcr d„csv+ yasw psn kcsri`ntcw gabgsrrcbgc ps`bd yasw bc kcsr i`ntcw z`w dck„aeorc cb kcw i`nw`bt ¨ gfncr ¸"

Z`rgc psc ya~c|%yasw+ kcw Ir`bí`nw ct `strcw Ir`bga%csrazîcbw w„cwtnecbt tckkcecbt wszîrncsrw `sv `strcwzazsk`tnabw ps„nkw gabwndærcbt `yanr tasw kcw drantw46"

46 Wn gf`psc zcszkc csrazîcb zrnw nwakîecbt b„cwt z`w cvtr`%ardnb`nrcecbt wszîrncsr `sv `strcw+ iargc cwt dc gabwt`tcr psc

kcw zcszkcw csrazîcbw cbwceokc abt rî`knwî gc psc b„abt z`wrî`knwî kcw `strcw zcszkcw zrnw cbwceokc+ eìec wn+ d„sbc z`rt k`zcrycrwntî w`bw knentc ` oncb gabtrnosî ê k„fîmîeabnc aggndcbt`kc+d„`strc z`rt gc b„cwt ps„ê sbc zanmbîc d„nbdnyndsw &z`rianw d„arnmnbcîtr`bmærc ê gf`psc zcszkc. psc kcw zcszkcw csrazîcbw danycbtkcsr wszîrnarntî wgncbtninpsc ct tcgfbnpsc+ kcsr zasyanr ct kcsrwrngfcwwcw" Kcw zksw `rram`btw r`gn`knwtcw ir`bga%csrazîcbw wabt

z`ren kcw eanbw gabtrnostcsrw `s zrcwtnmc dc k„Csrazc 8 ps„nkwwancbt d„cb f`st as d„cb o`w &nk b„cwt eìec z`w gcrt`nb psc kcw



040

@karw nkw oanycbt gaeec dcw nyrambcw+ nkw wc dramscbt+nkw ir`sdcbt `sv zrcwt`tnabw wagn`kcw ct `strcw nezôtw+

nkw dniiècbt+ nkw zartcbt `ttcnbtc ê k` ync zrnyîc dcw`strcw+ nkw easgf`rdcbt… e`nw csv wabt nrrîzragf`%okcw" Wn yasw i`ntcw k` eìec gfawc ê kcsr dîtrnecbt+yasw ìtcw dcw eîzrnwòkcw" Nkw wabt gfc| csv cbIr`bgc+ ct nkw iabt gc ps„nkw ycskcbt+ gaeec nkw ycskcbt"E`nw yasw+ dcyc| i`nrc gaeec csv dnwcbt+ z`w gaeeccsv iabt+ w`si ps`bd nkw yasw kc dnwcbt" Nkw `zzknpscbt`nbwn `ycg yasw kc zrnbgnzc psc kcw daenb`btw dc Ir`bgcecttcbt cb ŗsyrc `ycg csv"Astrc kcw Ir`bí`nw psn ycskcbt wc mr`bdnr wsr yatrcdaw+ nk ~ ` kcw eastabw ir`bí`nw psn yasw dce`bdcbt sbcgfawc træw wnezkc d`bw kc zrnbgnzc < ìtrc ct i`nrcgaeec csv 8 as zkstôt+ gaeec kcw eïkcw daenb`btw psn

dabbcbt kc tceza `sv wsgc%ontc ct kægfc%gsk" Ar+ yaswbc wcrc| lè`nw gaeec csv 8 z`w zksw ps„csv bc wcrabt lè`nw gaeec kcw @eîrng`nbw ps„nkw nentcbt cb zrcb`btkcw `nrw `wwsrîw dc gcsv psn abt sbc oabbc zrnwc dcycbt daenb`bt" @ kcsrw ~csv yasw wcrc| taslasrw dcweanbw ps„csv 8 `nbwn eìec psc baeorc dc e`gfnwtcw

rciaskîw as `wwsrîw zcrwnwtcbt ê zrcbdrc kcw iceecwdc f`st+ e`kmrî gc ps„ckkcw z`ryncbbcbt ê rî`knwcr+zf~wnpscecbt as nbtckkcgtsckkcecbt+ ps„csv bc w`s%r`ncbt z`w rî`knwcr"

asyrncrw oïtnwwcsrw dcw ŗsyrcw rce`rpsòkcw dc mîbnc gnynkgaeztcbt z`ren gcw nbdnyndsw."



04?

K„ît`t zw~gfnpsc dc k` eantnî dcw Ir`bí`nw &dcwTcrrncbw. ‗ `s eanbw ‗ rckæyc dc k` zw~gfn`trnc" Wn ab

ycst ìtrc gaezrîfcbwni+ ab dnr` ps„nk i`st tckkcecbt wco`ttrc zasr wsrynyrc+ zasr bc z`w wc i`nrc îgr`wcr+ wci`nrc dasokcr+ wc i`nrc swsrzcr+ psc gck` rcbd kcw mcbwz`r`baá`pscw+ dîknr`btw+ `bvncsv+ gr`nbtniw+ `bmanwwîw+gaezkatnwtcw+ wswzngncsv" Wasycbt+ yasw yasw dnrc| psck` Ir`bgc cwt sb z`~w dc ecrdc+ e`nw gc b„cwt ps„sbz`~w dc ecrdc d`bw sb eabdc dc ecrdc 8 gc b„cwt z`wkc znrc dcw z`~w+ zasr yasw gc b„cwt z`w kc ecnkkcsr+ ctgc b„cwt z`w bab zksw kc znrc+ wsrtast dczsnw ps„nk w„cwti`nt e`tcr z`r kcw gnrgabgnwcsrw dc Zcrycrwntî+ dczsnwps„nk dant+ zasr wsrynyrc+ wc gasgfcr `sv zncdw dcwgnrgabgnwcsrw dc O`ro`rnc"Orci" Yasw ìtcw ngn zasr tr`y`nkkcr+ as zkstôt+ zasr cbrn%

gfnr yaw cezka~csrw+ ct k` Ir`bgc ct kcw Ir`bí`nw+ e`nwkcw zakntnpscw yasw iabt ycbnr cb Ir`bgc w`bw zasyanryasw `wwsrcr sb cezkan" Kc zrnv ê z`~cr zasr rcgcyanrdcw enbne` wagn`sv zksw as eanbw gabwîpscbtw wcr`dabg dc ynyrc d`bw sb cbynrabbcecbt r`gnwtc" K`wnts`tnab cwt tckkcecbt soscwpsc ps„ckkc wceokcr`nt

rîwsktcr d„sbc cvzîrncbgc wagna%zw~gfakamnpsc ct zw~%gfn`trnpsc dasokc wsr kcw dcsv z`rtncw cb zrîwcbgc+ynw`bt ê tcrenbcr lswps„ê psck zanbt ab zcst w`nmbcr sbczazsk`tnab zasr cb tr`bwiswcr sbc `strc cb `wwsr`bt`sv w`nmbîw psc kcw tr`bwiswîw wabt dcw w`ky`tcsrwdabbcsrw dc w`bm ir`nw"



047

W`bw `kkcr lswps„ê dîknrcr+ nk ~ ` dc tastc îyndcbgc sbcyakabtî dc eadnincr k` gaezawntnab dc k` zazsk`tnab

ir`bí`nwc zasr i`nrc dnwz`r`âtrc k` b`tnab ir`bí`nwc+ ctgc+ ê tast zrnv 8 `s eîzrnw dc tast+ `s zrnv dc tasw kcwecbwabmcw+ dc tasw kcw zragæw+ dc tastcw kcw e`bnzs%k`tnabw dc e`wwc+ dc tastcw kcw zraz`m`bdcw tîkîyn%wîcw+ dc tasw kcw rce`bncecbtw wagn`sv iargîw" Nk cwtwtszndc dc zcbwcr psc kcw mcbw nbtckknmcbtw ct gsktnyîwdcw f`stcw wzfærcw b„abt z`w gabwgncbgc dc k` mraw%wnærctî dc k` zakntnpsc psn cwt ecbîc" K` yîrntî cwt psck„nbtckknmcbgc ct k` gsktsrc danycbt gaezawcr `ycg kòcwtn`kntî ct k` zcrycrwntî" G„cwt sb gaeo`t gabtnbscbtrc kc Oncb ct kc E`k+ cbtrc k„`btngarzw ct k„`btnmæbc"Sbc ksttc cwt cbm`mîc cbtrc kcw b`tnab`knwtcw ct kcwdcwtrsgtcsrw dcw b`tnabw" Gf`gsb ~ y` dc wab zra%

mrèec dc gabdntnabbcecbt"K` wagnîtî+ g„cwt gaeec k„îgakc 8 d„sbc gcrt`nbc i`íab <wn yasw z`rycbc| ê wsnyrc wab zramrèec+ g„cwt t`btencsv zasr yasw+ yasw `src| sbc zk`gc dc gfanv d`bw k`wagnîtî+ wnbab g„cwt t`bt znw zasr yasw 8 tast cwt dcyatrc i`stc wn k` wagnîtî bc yasw gabyncbt z`w as oncb

wn yasw bc gabycbc| z`w ê k` wagnîtî+ g`r g„cwt ê yasw+nbwnmbnin`btw nbdnyndsw+ dc yasw gabiarecr ê k` wagnîtî+gc b„cwt z`w ê k` wagnîtî ‗ dcw dîeabn`pscw gaezka%tcsrw+ dcw aknm`rgfncw eìncswcw+ dcw eïkcw daen%b`btw ‗ dc wc gabiarecr ê yasw+ dc w„asyrnr ê yasw ct êgc psn yasw zk`nr`nt" Dcw gaezkatcsrw abt nezawî sb

zramrèec dc eîtnww`mc mkao`k" T`bt encsv zasr gcsv



044

psn wcrabt `wwc| zstcw as oìtcw zasr wsnyrc kczramrèec nezawî 8 nkw wcrabt gfa~îw z`r k` wagnîtî

dcw eîtnwwcsrw" T`bt znw zasr kcw `strcw 8 psn wcrabtwszcrocecbt nmbarîw+ eîzrnwîw+ f`rgckîw+ dîbnmrîw+dnòaknwîw+ nwakîw+ ct r`nkkîw w„nkw abt k` wtszndntîd„`ttcbdrc sbc `ttcbtnab ct sbc gaezrîfcbwnab dc k`z`rt dcw ycbdsw `sv gaezkatcsrw"¨ Ab ¸ zrôbc kc eîk`bmc dcw zazsk`tnabw cb ecb`í`btasycrtcecbt dc rcgasrnr ê dcw eîtfadcw r`dng`kcw dcgacrgntnab wn kcw zazsk`tnabw tr`âbcbt k` ontc ct kcy`mnb" Zasr i`nrc wsnyrc kcw eastabw+ ¨ ab ¸ argfcwtrcdabg k` eîdn`tnw`tnab dc gaszkcw eadækcw iareîw d„sbcOk`bgfc ct d„sb Banr+ d„sbc Ok`bgfc ct d„sb E`rrab"E`nw kc gabwcnk psc lc dcyr`nw wnbgærcecbt yasw dabbcrwcr`nt dc bc z`w yasw eîk`bmcr `sv Ir`bí`nw ct `sv

Ir`bga%csrazîcbw+ z`rgc psc gcsv dc k` Y`wc icrabtrctaeocr wsr yasw k` rcwzabwònkntî dc kcsrw e`sy`nwgaszw+ dc kcsrw îgfcgw+ dc kcsrw e`bpscw+ dc kcsrwi`nkkntcw" Nkw w`ycbt ps„nk kcsr wsiint dc eabtrcr dsdanmt sb eîtæpsc zasr wc wartnr ds gfèz d„nbycwtnm`%tnab" Nkw w`ycbt ps„nk wsiint d„`ggswcr sb eîtæpsc zasr

ìtrc dnwgskzîw" Ab bc yncbdr` z`w yasw dce`bdcr yatrcycrwnab dcw i`ntw+ g`r z`r dîi`st tast zk`ndc cb yatrcdîi`ycsr 8 ê kcsrw ~csv+ yatrc z`rakc bc y`st rncb+ e`nwk` kcsr y`st dc k„ar" Csv zcsycbt ir`sdcr+ trngfcr+ecbtnr+ i`kwnincr… nkw w„cb tnrcrabt w`bw dniiè`tnabzsoknpsc+ w`bw dîeabn`pscw ynbdngtc ct k~bgf`mc

tîkîgaee`bdîw z`r kcw gaeeærcw zcrycrwcw+ `swwn



043

wørcecbt psc yasw zasyc| i`nrc gc psc yasw yaskc|d`bw yatrc daengnkc w`bw psc gck` `nt dc rîzcrgswwnab

wsr yatrc rîzst`tnab" E`nw yasw+ wn yasw ecttc| sb zncdfarw ds gfcenb dcw oaswcsv cvzkantîw+ dcw wasw%gnta~cbw dc wcgabdc |abc+ dcw wasenw wnkcbgncsv+ dcwîzasy`bt`nkw ct dcw oasgw îenww`nrcw+ kcw Ir`bí`nw dck` Y`wc icrabt tast zasr yasw ~ rciaskcr 8 zasrdîkîmntnecr yatrc wnts`tnab+ gaeec ît`bt nbdsc+ yakîcê sb Ir`bí`nw"Yasw ìtcw cb enkncs fawtnkc" Psc k` Ir`bgc yasw i`wwcycbnr gfc| ckkc bc wnmbninc z`w psc kcw Ir`bí`nw yaswiabt ycbnr d`bw kcsr gŗsr+ zasr k` wnezkc r`nwab psc kÌr`bgc b„cwt z`w sbc dîeagr`tnc+ e`nw kc g`d`yrccbgarc ise`bt dc zrîd`tcsrw psn wabt d`bw wab garzwct psn wabt cb tr`nb dc k` dîyarcr dc k„nbtîrncsr &k`

gsktsrc aiingnckkc b„cwt z`w k` gsktsrc dcw Ir`bí`nw+ kcwkanw dc k` Ir`bgc bc wabt z`w gckkcw dcw Ir`bí`nw." Nk b„~` rncb d„èng`k cbtrc csv ct yasw" Yaw eanbdrcw i`ntwct mcwtcw wcrabt wgrstîw 8 lsmîw+ gabdèbîw+ `s encsvtakîrîw+ r`rcecbt `zzrasyîw as `zzrîgnîw" Yasw ìtcwtast oabbcecbt cb enkncs fawtnkc"

Wn yasw bc yasw wasecttc| z`w ê gc psc kcw Ir`bí`nwycskcbt i`nrc dc yasw+ ps`bd nkw yasw `srabt oncbgasycrtw dc kcsrw gr`gf`tw+ dc kcsr znwwc ct dc kcsrecrdc+ yasw gaezrcbdrc| zasrpsan t`bt dc E`mfrî%onbw dc Ir`bgc abt zrnw kc z`rtn dc bc i`nrc zksw ps„sbcgfawc d`bw k` ync &wasw kc rcm`rd w`tnwi`nt dc gcsv psn

zasrr`ncbt kcw bcstr`knwcr+ e`nw psn eîzrnwcbt mr`b%



049

dcecbt kcw Ir`bí`nw dc k` Y`wc. < g`wwcr ds Ir`bí`nw 8dîzasnkkcr kcw Ir`bí`nw+ kcsr gr`gfcr dcwwsw+ kcw

cezanwabbcr `ycg dc k` dramsc gaszîc `ycg dc kècrdc cb wc m`sww`bt dcw gcw dîmîbîrîw" Kcw dîtrsnrc+yankê gc dabt yasw `src| cbync 8 `ycg k` eantnî d„cbtrccsv" E`nw psc icrc|%yasw 1 Tscr ps`trc inkw ct inkkcwdc zstc ir`bí`nwc+ z`wwcr zasr dcw iasw… ct cbwsntc+ct ê psan oab 1 `st`bt yasw ycbmcr ct yasw i`nrc zk`nwnrcb tnr`bt zraint dc gc psc yasw kcsr nbiknmcrc|+ z`r kcgf`z`rd`mc as k„òsw d„`ndcw wagn`kcw &cb wsny`bt kceadækc ear`k dcw lsdîa%zratcwt`btw+ dcw znkkcsrwèîrng`nbw 8 ct cb r`zzck`bt `sv zkcstrcw dîbabgn`%tcsrw ct `sv wgrszskcsv ear`knw`tcsrw gaeecbt wcwabt grîîcw kcw mr`bdcw iartsbcw+ kcw mr`bdcw b`tnabw+kcw mr`bdcw rcknmnabw+ dcwpsckkcw nkw wc rcycbdnpscbt

zasr wc dabbcr dcw `nrw dc baokcwwc. 8 cb yasw cvgs%w`bt `ycg sb wasrnrc masre`bt dc gc psc yasw zrîwcb%tcrc| gaeec sb zîgfî enmbab" @st`bt lc bc yaswokïecr`nw z`w zasr í`+ `st`bt lc yasw gabwcnkkcr`nw dckc i`nrc `ycg nbtckknmcbgc+ cb wîkcgtnabb`bt enbstncswc%ecbt yaw gnokcw" Ab dnt ps„nk ` sb Ct`t d`bw k„Ct`t 8 ct

eìec zkswncsrw Ct`tw d`bw k„Ct`t ir`bí`nw" Nk ~ ` `swwnzkswncsrw wartcw dc Ir`bí`nw cb Ir`bgc"D`bw sbc Ir`bgc èîrng`bnwîc+ kcw zragcwwsw dniiè`%tanrcw ct dnwgrnenb`tanrcw ê k„îm`rd dcw @ròa%e`mfrî%onbw wabt gcsv dcw Ct`tw%Sbnw ê k„îm`rd dcw Banrw"Tcbc|%yasw ê k„îg`rt dcw Ir`bí`nw dc k` Y`wc gaeec

dcw zartcsrw d„sbc e`k`dnc gabt`mncswc+ z`rgc psc kcw



04=

Ir`bí`nw dc k` Y`wc abt dcw g`r`gtîrnwtnpscw zw~gfn%pscw psn rckæycbt dc k` z`tfakamnc ecbt`kc+ dc k„nbf`r%

eabnc 8 ds r`gnwec+ dc k„`bne`kntî dîeabn`psc" Nkw wabtgaeec kcw gfncbw dc m`rdc cbr`mîw psn eabtrcbt kcwgragw+ òancbt ct oabdnwwcbt ê k` eanbdrc zrîwcbgcîtr`bmærc 8 zrnwabbncrw ecbt`kcecbt d„sbc zcrgcztnabdcw gfawcw aþ tast cwt orst`kntî+ ocwtn`kntî+ ynakcbgc+`mrcwwnyntî+ rny`kntî+ gabgsrrcbgc+ daenb`tnab+ ksttc êeart" Nkw bc e`bpscrabt z`w sbc agg`wnab dc yasw¨ bnpscr ¸+ ct dc w„cb rîlasnr" Tr`nbcr `ycg csv rcyncbtê yasw o`nmbcr d`bw sbc c`s nbicwtîc dc rcpsnbw"K„îbcrmnc psc yasw dîzcbwcr` ê i`nrc `ttcbtnab ê csvwcr` `st`bt d„îbcrmnc psc yasw bc dîzcbwcrc| z`w zasryasw+ ct `ggcwanrcecbt zasr kc z`~w psn yasw i`nt ynyrc"@rontr`nrcecbt+ lc yasw dnr`nw psc 3:# dcw Ir`bí`nw

bc zcsycbt zksw yanr kcw @ròa%ìra%e`mfrîonbw&gaeec dce`nb nkw bc zasrrabt zksw yanr kcw @wn`tn%pscw.+ ct =3# bc wszzartcbt zksw dc z`~cr zasr ¨ wci`rgnr ¸ gcw zazsk`tnabw" _cwtc kcw `strcw+ zkstôt dcwM`sgfnwtcw+ zksw as eanbw ndî`knwtcw+ z`gninwtcw+ iîen%bnwîw+ as cbgarc dcw zrnentniw psn `necbt k` rswtngntî+

w`bw z`rkcr dcw kasgfcw+ eïkcw as iceckkcw+ psn `necbtkcw e`sy`nw gaszw ct kcw ceorasnkkcw+ kcw rcockkcw+ kcwtcrrarnwtcw+ kcw rîyakstnabb`nrcw+ kcw ya~asw"Gabwndîrc| psc 0:# dcw Ir`bí`nw bc yasw dîtcwtcbtz`w" Cb tast+ ?3# yasw `ggcztcbt zksw as eanbw" 3:#bc wc wcbtcbt `sgsbc ìinbntî `ycg yasw+ e`nw w`bw

ìtrc dcw enknt`btw vîbazfaocw" 0:# w„`gtnycbt zasr



046

rcgabpsîrnr k` Ir`bgc ct k` eadckcr ê kcsr i`íabeìncswc+ wcgt`nrc+ gaeesb`st`rnwtc+ trno`kc+ zsrnwtc"

Cb tast+ ?3# dcw Ir`bí`nw kcw wastncbbcbt ear`kcecbt"Ab basw dnt psc dcw @ròa%e`mfrîonbw wabt nbtîmrîwct ps„nkw ynycbt tr`bpsnkkcecbt cb Ir`bgc" Z`rgc ps„nkwabt sb cezkan+ z`rgc ps„nkw ynycbt cbtrc csv+ z`rgc ps„nkwabt sb gabt`gt enbne`knwtc `ycg kcw Ir`bí`nw… z`rgcps„nkw iarecbt cb Ir`bgc dcw cbgk`ycw `ròa%e`mfrî%onbcw+ z`rgc ps„nkw cbtrctncbbcbt `ycg kcw Ir`bí`nw kcr`zzart psc kcw zazsk`tnabw ds E`mfrco cbtrctncbbcbt`ycg kcw tasrnwtcw ir`bí`nw as kcw Ir`bí`nw fònt`bt `sE`mfrco < sb r`zzart dnwt`bt yask`bt psc gf`gsb rcwtcgfc| wan 8 eìec wn kcw ¨ gfc| wan ¸ wabt zragfcw+knentrazfcw as neornpsîw"Wn yasw b„ìtcw z`w dcw zrawîk~tcw ê k„`ww`st dc k„Csrazc+

e`nw dcw îenmr`btw îgabaenpscw+ yasw dcyrnc| îenmrcrcb @wnc+ aþ kcw Eswske`bw wabt dîlê fnwtarnpscecbtnezk`btîw" Nk ~ ` dc k„`ycbnr kê%o`w+ z`w ngn" K„Csrazc cwtwasw cezrnwc lsdîa%zratcwt`btc" Kcw zakntnpscw csra%zîcbw bc zcsycbt rncb i`nrc psn dîzk`nwc `sv Lsdîa%i`wgnwtcw ct `sv Gfrnwtn`ba%i`wgnwtcw" Psc zcsycbt

i`nrc kcw Nwkèa%i`wgnwtcw ngn 1 wn gc b„cwt z`rt`mcr kczasyanr `ycg csv &ct kcw iîenbnwtcw `s zasyanr psnwcrabt gf`rmîcw dc dnrnmcr kcw iceecw.+ ct cbwsntctcbtcr dc wc k„`gg`z`rcr" Wn yasw îenmrc| zasr îgf`z%zcr `sv Nwkèa%i`wgnwtcw ct ¨ m`mbcr yatrc ync ¸+ ctbab zasr yasw i`nrc cbtrctcbnr z`r sbc zk`bgfc ê



04>

onkkctw+ îenmrc| cb @wnc" G`r gaeecbt wc zrîwcbtcbtkcw gfawcw 1

K` Ir`bgc w„cbdcttc zasr inb`bgcr kcw `gpsnw dcw oò~%oaaecrw &d„astrc%`tk`btnpsc gaezrnw.+ `nbwn psc zasryasw rcgcyanr ct yasw wanmbcr ê k„ŗnk 8 gaeec zasre`nbtcbnr ê ikat kc w~wtæec o`bg`nrc ir`sdskcsv" Yaswrcezk`gc| k` zazsk`tnab d„arnmnbc csrazîcbbc+ k` gk`wwcea~cbbc psn cwt ècbîc ê dnwz`r`âtrc wasw kc zandw dcgct cbdcttcecbt" G„cwt dabg yasw psn rceoasrwcrc| kcwdcttcw `gtsckkcw+ ê tck zanbt i`rènbcswcw psc gck` wctr`dsnr` bîgcww`nrcecbt z`r yatrc cvzkant`tnab+ yanryatrc enwc cb cwgk`y`mc 8 g`r nk b„~ `sr` dîware`nw zksw`wwc| dc e`tnærcw zrcenærcw bn dc granww`bgc îga%baenpsc zasr grîcr dc k` rngfcwwc eabîtnwîc g`zòkcdc rceoasrwcr kcw dcttcw+ psn wcrabt dabg rceoasr%

wîcw sbnpscecbt cb znkk`bt kc z`trneanbc gabwtntsî dck` zazsk`tnab psn wcr` dc wsrgraât cvzkantîc"Gck` wc tr`dsnr` bîgcww`nrcecbt z`r dcw mscrrcw+ wn gcb„cwt z`r k` tranwnæec mscrrc eabdn`kc" Psn wcrynr` dcgf`nr ê g`bab 1 Wørcecbt z`w kcw yncsv csrazîcbw psnzraintcrabt dc kcsrw dcbncrw lasrw dc rctr`ntc" @yc|%

yasw asoknî gaeecbt kcw Csrazîcbw tr`ntcbt kcw oas%mbaskw psn abt gaeo`tts zasr csv 1 w`bw dastc `ycg kèìec `rrnærc%zcbwîc psc k` yôtrc &cb gra~`bt ìtrc dsoab gôtî+ ds gôtî dc gcsv psn kcw rîgaezcbwcrabt cbkcsr aiir`bt dc zrawzîrcr." @yc|%ys gaeec kcw @eîrn%g`nbw tr`ntcbt kcsrw yîtîr`bw 1 Gaeecbt wcr` tr`ntîc



03:

k` gf`nr ê g`bab+ dce`nb+ d`bw sbc Ir`bgc èîrng`nbcdîgfsc+ rsnbîc+ `wwcrync 1

Yatrc nbtîrìt cwt%nk dabg oncb dc ycbnr yasw nbgrswtcrngn 1 Wn yasw kc i`ntcw cb yasw wasgn`bt dc yaw cbi`btw+gc b„cwt z`w ngn ps„nk i`st yasw nbwt`kkcr 8 e`nw gcrt`nbc%ecbt zksw cb @wnc+ kê aþ+ z`r gabtrc+ g„cwt yasw psn cbo`ycrc|+ dæw `slasrd„fsn" Cb @wnc+ rncb bc wcr` m`r`btn+gc wcr` k„`ycbtsrc+ e`nw tast wcr` zawwnokc" Dce`nb+ ngn+gc wcr` w`bw dastc gaeec fncr cb @irnpsc ds Bard"Yasw wcrc| gcrtcw baeorcsv+ e`nw psck wcr` yatrcwart 1Kcw Ir`bí`nw abt gaezrnw ps„nkw yabt wc i`nrc gnrgabgnrcz`r kc w~wtæec inb`bgncr+ ct nkw cb irîenwwcbt dîlê" Ctgcsv psn abt oncb zraintî dc gc w~wtæec+ `spsck nkw`y`ncbt gabinî kcsr îz`rmbc wszcriksc cb rîgkè`bt psc

kc o`bpsncr i`gc ¨ tr`y`nkkcr ¸ gct `rmcbt &g„cwt%ê%dnrc+psc kc o`bpsncr i`gc dabbcr dcw gaszw dc iasct `svtr`y`nkkcsrw ds eabdc cbtncr zasr ps„nkw zradsnwcbt zkswdc oncbw zasr eanbw gfcr+ ìnb psc kc zraint rî`knwî`nkkc d`bw k` zagfc ds wzîgsk`tcsr ‗ ct wsrtast dso`bpsncr ‗.+ cf oncb+ e`nbtcb`bt ps„nkw wc wabt oncb

`wtnpsîw wsr kc daw dcw tr`y`nkkcsrw+ nkw zrcbbcbt k`zasdrc d„cwgèzcttc d`bw sb z`r`dnw inwg`k… zasr bcz`w ìtrc wòrîw"Yasw+ yasw `yc| k„fòntsdc k` gnrgabgnwnab+ dabg dcyr`nt`kkcr" _cwznrc| sb oab gasz+ í` y` oncb wc z`wwcr" Í` nr`yntc ct gc wcr` w`bw daskcsr" Ab yasw cbtcbdr` lswtc



030

zaswwcr sb zctnt ¨ `nè+ í` i`nt e`k ¸ ps`bd nk yaswi`sdr` z`~cr"

Ct zsnw+ gaeec yasw ìtcw tasw dcw z`rcnkw+ yaswrctasrbcrc| z`âtrc gaeec wn dc rncb b„ît`nt" Ct tastgabtnbscr` gaeec `y`bt" Ct gf`gsb cww`ncr` d„nbiknmcr`sv basyc`s%ycbsw `s eabdc gc ps„ab kcsr ` nbiknmî 8sbc gnrgabgnwnab ds wcvc ct sbc gnrgabgnwnab dcwoasrwcw" Ct gf`gsb gfcrgfcr` ê wc rci`nrc sbc w`btîinb`bgnærc wsr kc daw dcw lcsbcw zrcencrw psn b„abt z`wcbgarc w`nwn k` b`tsrc fse`nbc ct k` iabgtnab dc wabeabdc 8 gaeec k` zksz`rt dcw `bgncbw wadaenwîwdcyncbbcbt dcw wadaentcw"Kcw Ir`bí`nw psn wsgcbt kcw zsnww`btw zasr w„`wwsrcrkcsr zk`gc cb wagnîtî `mnwwcbt gaeec kc kcsr ardabbcbtkcw eîtnwwcsrw" Yasw zasyc| îtòknr `ycg csv sbc

rck`tnab bare`kcecbt gardn`kc+ gasrtanwc ct rcwzcg%tscswc+ as zkstôt bcstrc+ `denbnwtr`tnyc+ gabtr`gtsckkc"Gc wabt dc oabw tastasw ê kcsr eîeærc Ir`bgc 8 nkw bceardcbt z`w" E`nw lc kc rîzætc" Bc yasw `zzragfc| z`wdcw gfncbw dc m`rdc dc k` Ir`bgc r`gnwtc" B„cww`~c|z`w dc w~ez`tfnwcr" Gc wabt dcw zstcw ct dcw oìtcw"

Nkw abt k„cwzrnt trno`k+ eìncsv+ ctfbagcbtrnpsc+r`gnwtc+ wcvnwtc" Nkw abt k` e`kngc cb csv+ nkw wabtcbr`mîw z`r sb cwzrnt dîeabn`psc"Dcw Ir`bí`nw dnrabt ê kcsrw gabmîbærcw dc k` Y`wc+ wngc b„cwt ê yasw%eìecw < ¨ Lc ec wsnw i`nt `rb`pscr z`rsb @ròc+ `karw e`nbtcb`bt lc wsnw r`gnwtc" ¸



03?

&Sb Ir`bí`nw yasw `gfætc sb engra%ardnb`tcsr `bmk`nwpsn ìingfc cb Z@K+ psn iabgtnabbc wsr yatrc îgr`b `ycg

sbc zctntc e`bnzsk`tnab 8 nk cb `y`nt îtî `ycrtn" Gcttce`bnzsk`tnab bc iabgtnabbc z`w wsr k„îgr`b ds Ir`bí`nw"Yasw zrîycbc| ps„nk i`st `karw `gfctcr sb gabycrtnw%wcsr Z@W%WCG@E" K` tr`bw`gtnab wc i`nt bî`beanbw" KcIr`bí`nw &sb inkw dc dcbtnwtc+ g„cwt z`w sb gab+ fcnb !.wc rcbd d`bw sbc oastnpsc &psn ycbd dc k` engra%nbiare`tnpsc z`rgc psc kc e`rgfî cwt zartcsr+ w`bwiargîecbt w„~ gabb`âtrc yr`necbt.+ psn ksn dnt < ¨ Yaswyasw ìtcw i`nt `rb`pscr" &Yasw `srnc| dø ycbnr `gfctcrgfc| ean… wcryngc zraicwwnabbck m`r`btn 8 w`tnwi`nt asrceoasrwî". ¸ Ct ksn kc rîzætcr` 8 ê tck `strc Ir`bí`nw+psn zrîtcvtcr` kc i`nt dc w„ìtrc wan%dnw`bt. i`nt`rb`pscr z`r sb @ròc ‗ ê k„`gf`t dc g`bbònw ‗ zasr

yasw i`nrc w`yanr psc+ dc gc i`nt+ nk wcr` dcycbs r`gnwtc‗ dc gc wcsk i`nt+ fcnb ! ‗ &sb zrîtcvtc psn k„`rr`bmconcb zasr lswtnincr ct rcycbdnpscr sb r`gnwec k`tcbt+wasrbanw+ rciaskî."Wn yasw `gfctc| sb zradsnt d„agg`wnab ê sb Ir`bí`nw&psc yasw gabb`nwwc| ê zcnbc+ e`nw psn `sr` îtî arncbtî

ycrw yasw z`r gcsv psn b„abt dc gcwwc dc yasw gasyrnrdc tast gc psc kcsrw z`rcbtw gr`gfcbt wsr kcw mcbw dcyatrc arnmnbc+ gcsv psn yasw ps`knincbt dc dcecsrîwi`gnkcw ê ocrbcr.+ ct psc+ dæw kcw zrcenærcw stnknw`%tnabw+ sbc znægc e`âtrcwwc g`wwc+ bc dntcw z`w psc yasw`yc| îtî `rb`psîw as e`k nbiareîw" Wn yasw b„`yc| z`w

dîtcgtî kc yngc g`gfî `s gabt`gt waee`nrc `ycg kc



037

zradsnt+ bc grnc| z`w wsr tasw kcw tantw ps„sb zst`nb dcZncd%banr yasw ` ¨ o`nwî ¸" Dntcw zkstôt psc yasw ìtcw

dcw `rrnîrîw+ traz gabw zasr gaezrcbdrc gc ps„nkw`gfætcbt ê sbc r`gc wszîrncsrc tcgfbakamnpscecbtzksw dîyckazzîc psc yasw 8 cb zksw d„ìtrc dcw rswtrcwpsn g`wwcbt tast gc ps„nkw tasgfcbt &gaeec ps`bd+oasrrnbw gaeec yasw ìtcw+ yasw rctnrc| yatrc g`rtc dcz`ncecbt d„sb dnwtrnostcsr dc DYD cb kag`tnab+ w`bw`ttcbdrc kc ecww`mc d„nbyntc+ cb zrayaps`bt `nbwn sbcz`bbc dc k„`zz`rcnk."Z`rcnk wn sb gakkæmsc yasw cezrsbtc sb astnk dc tr`y`nkzcrwabbck ct ps„nk yasw kc rcbd farw d„sw`mc" @kkc|zkcsrcr d`bw tasw kcw o`rw ps„nk yasw dant 3₫+ want kczrnv dc k„astnk+ lswps„ê gc psc k` rsecsr ksn i`wwc fabtcct k„aoknmc ê yasw rceoasrwcr+ yasw kc ecwpsnb e`bmc%

ecrdc psc yasw ìtcw"Ndce wn yasw `gfctc| sb `zz`rcnk ê dcen dîicgtscsv êsb gaszkc dc rctr`ntîw psn wc wcrabt oarbîw ê yaswk`nwwcr rcm`rdcr k„`zz`rcnk+ `ycg sb rcm`rd ynmnk`bt psndîbat`nt k` gr`nbtc dc yasw yanr dîgckcr k„`bae`knc" Bcgr`gfc| z`w d„`bneawntî tast `stasr dc yasw < ¨ Eartw

`sv Ir`bí`nw+ zasrrntsrcw dc gakabn`knwtcw+ w`kctîwd„cvzkantcsrw ! Oït`rdw dc eapscsrw psn abt iasrrîkcsr rcgtse `ycg k` ear`kc gfrîtncbbc! Gcw zst`nbwd„cbgskcsrw danycbt /wc madcengfcr/ `ycg sbgrsgninv ! ¸&Wn sb lcsbc ycbdcsr ‗ ê k„`zzîtnt `nmsnwî z`r dcw

enranrw `sv `kascttcw ct ê k` tìtc cbnyrîc z`r kc



034

zasyanr dc ¨ bnpscr ¸ psn ksn ` îtî gabiîrî ‗ yasw¨ rciasrmsc ¸ sb ardnb`tcsr rctasrbî z`r sb gkncbt

zasr g`swc dc dîicgtsawntî+ bc rècstc| z`w kc z`~wzasr tr`ntcr kcw Ir`bí`nw dc w`kcw zst`nbw d„`rb`pscsrw"Kc tart yasw rcyncbt dc bc z`w `yanr rce`rpsîk„`bbat`tnab e`bswgrntc wsr k„ceo`kk`mc < ¨ Wcgtcsrw dcoaat F"W" ¸.G„cwt kc mcbrc dc rîgkè`tnab gasr`btc ct zraokî%e`tnpsc zasr kcw gaeecrí`btw+ psn rceoasrwcbt zasrbc z`w bsnrc ê kcsr rîzst`tnab karwps„nkw cb abt kcwea~cbw+ as psn+ `strcecbt+ wc z`wwcbt dc gc mcbrc dcgkncbt".Cf oncb yasw `swwn+ yasw zasyc| kc dnrc < dcw Ir`bí`nwdc k` Y`wc yasw zk`btcbt gabtnbsckkcecbt dcw gastc`svd`bw kc daw+ `karw yasw `yc| enkkc r`nwabw d„ìtrc

r`gnwtcw cbycrw kcw Ir`bí`nw" Gcw zwcsda gfrîtncbwIr`bí`nw dc k` Y`wc `necbt zcrwabbnincr kcw tr`âtrcw cbtcrec dc ¨ Lsd` ¸ &ds f`st dc kcsr `btnwîentnwec.+e`nw yasw zasyc| `swwn oncb zcrwabbnincr k` tr`âtrnwc`ycg kcw zrîbaew dc Zncrrc+ dc Z`sk as dc L`gpscw 8ps„nkw wancbt Ir`bí`nw dc wasgfc as Ir`bga%csrazîcbw+

d„cb o`w as d„cb f`st+ îkcgtcsr as îks &wcrnc|%yasw ngnw`bw kcw tr`ntcw+ w`bw kcw zstcw+ w`bw kcw ycbdsw 1."Cbtrc yasw+ ps`bd yasw yasdrc| ps`knincr sb dîka~`k ctsb tr`âtrc+ yasw zasrrc| dnrc psc ¨ g„cwt sb Zncrrc ¸+¨ g„cwt sb Z`sk ¸+ ¨ g„cwt sb L`gpscw ¸+ ¨ g„cwt sbZncrrc%Z`sk%L`gpscw ¸+ ¨ g„cwt sb Ir`bí` ¸+ ¨ g„cwt sbc

E`rnc k` zstc%bnpsc ¸ &kcw faeecw+ ps`bt ê csv+ abt ê



033

wsonr kcw eîi`ntw d„sbc `strc wartc dc tr`ntcw+ psn kcsrzk`btcbt dcw gastc`sv d`bw kc daw < kcw iîenbnwtcw."

W„nkw b„abt z`w í` d`bw kc w`bm+ g„cwt zcst%ìtrc ps„nkw abtí` d`bw k` gsktsrc dc k` dîk`tnab+ d`bw k„fîrnt`mcwznrntsck+ z`rgc psc kcsr _îzsoknpsc cwt sb kcsrrc psczrcwpsc zcrwabbc bc dîbabgc e`nw psc zrcwpsc tast kceabdc dîd`nmbc gaeec sb yŗs zncsv `s enkncs dck„Cbicr" Cbtrc r`matw+ dîk`tnab ct ìiòsk`tnab+ kcwIr`bí`nw abt dc k„cwzrnt+ z`w dc dastc" Kcsr g`rtî%wn`bnwec kcsr zcrect dc r`nwabbcr ê z`rtnr dc r`matwct dc k„ìinrecr < ¨ E`nw g„cwt oncb wør ! Ïasrrc|%yasw í` d`bw kc grïbc+ wn yatrc Gar`b ` k`nwwîsb zcs dc zk`gc zasr `strc gfawc psc k` gsktsrc `ròa%eswske`bc < gabwndîrc| psc k` eantnî dcw Ir`bí`nw abtsbc `ttntsdc bcstrc as fse`bnwtc+ e`nw z`w iargîecbt

èng`kc+ t`bdnw psc k„`strc eantnî b„` ps„sbc wcskccbync < yasw zk`btcr dcw gaszw dc gastc`s+ yasw ecttrcdcw gaszw dc iswnk+ yasw îgr`wcr+ yasw fsenkncr+ yaswikascr+ wc z`~cr yatrc tìtc+ yasw bnpscr k` mscskc+ yaswgr`gfcr dcwwsw+ yasw oastcr farw dc Ir`bgc 8 zasrb„nezartc psck zrîtcvtc+ ps„nkw gfcrgfcrabt d`bw yatrc

`bsw+ d`bw yaw zasockkcw+ d`bw k` eanbdrc dc yawz`rakcw ct d`bw kc eanbdrc dc yaw mcwtcw" Yasw zasyc|cww`~cr dc trncr kc oab ds e`sy`nw+ e`nw k` Ir`bgc+g„cwt gaeec k` yn`bdc dc eastab < zcrwnkkîc" Kc eswgkccwt nbtnececbt eîk`bmî `s mr`w" Nk b„~ ` z`w dcwîmrîm`tnab cb Ir`bgc 8 z`w kîm`kcecbt+ tast `s eanbw"

Gf`gsb w„`ggaeeadc dcw `strcw cb icnmb`bt k`



039

gè`r`dcrnc+ e`nw k` wcskc pscwtnab psn wc zawc `ycg gcmraszcecbt dc i`sv ènw ct dc i`sv èasrw+ g„cwt <

bnpscr gaeec ab ec bnpsc+ bc z`w bnpscr eìec wn abec bnpsc+ bc z`w ec i`nrc bnpscr 1 Bnpsîw+ yasw k„`yc|w`bw dastc dîlê îtî" _cwtc ê w`yanr wn yasw yasw`starnwc| ê bnpscr+ z`rgc psc wn yasw gra~c| zasyanr bcz`w yasw i`nrc bnpscr+ k` zrcsyc psc yasw i`ntcw bnpscr+ct z`r yasw%eìecw cb zksw < yasw yasw iasrrc| sb danmtd`bw k„ŗnk" @ yasw dc dîgndcr wckab yaw trnzcw+ yawbcriw+ yatrc gabwgncbgc+ as k` ear`kc gabdntnabbîc psnzk`bc `s%dcwwsw dc yasw cb `mnt`bt kc wzcgtrc dck„cbicr"

Wn yasw ìtcw sb Ir`bí`nw d„arnmnbc arnmnb`k ‗ d`bw yatrczcbwîc+ d`bw yatrc ecbt`kntî+ d`bw yatrc eadc dc ync+d`bw yaw maøtw+ d`bw yaw ndîcw ‗+ ab yasw dnr` `ycgincrtî < ¨ Ts cw oncb sb yr`n Ir`bí`nw d„arnmnbc tan+ í`wc yant < nbycbtni+ ne`mnb`tni+ grî`tni+ nbtckknmcbt+gsktnyî" Ts fabarcw k` Ir`bgc" ¸ Wn yasw ìtcw sb

îtr`bmcr as sb ir`bga%îtr`bmcr arnmnb`k+ `karw ab dnr` <¨ Zasr psn nk wc zrcbd ksn 1 Nk bc ycst z`w i`nrc gaeecbasw+ nk bc ycst z`w basw rcwwceokcr+ nk basw eîzrnwc+ nkbc basw `nec z`w" Nk wc zrcbd zasr psn ksn 1 Nk cwt t`rîgc t~zc" Nk cwt wtszndc+ nkkamnpsc+ wszcrwtntncsv" Nk i`nttast dc tr`ycrw+ tast ê k„cbycrw" Í` wc yant psc gc b„cwt

z`w sb yr`n Ir`bí`nw" Nk dîb`tsrc k` Ir`bgc+ gct



03=

fsrksocrks+ gct îtr`bmcr" @ycg dcw t~zcw gaeec í`+ckkc cwt oncb `y`bgîc+ k` Ir`bgc" ¸ Zasr kcw îmagcbtrn%

pscw+ yatrc wnezkc dniiîrcbgc y`st grntnpsc ct rclctnezkngntc dc gc ps„nkw wabt" Kcw gabdcwgcbd`btw oncbkatnw+ gcsv psn b„abt z`w ocwanb dc wc o`ttrc `spsatndncb zasr cvnwtcr+ nkw dnrabt < ¨ G„cwt sb wnezkcd„cwzrnt+ sb nb`d`ztî" G„cwt ê g`swc dc wab arnmnbc+ nkyncbt d„sb z`~w wasw%dîyckazzî" Nk b„~ cwt zasr rncb" Nkb„` z`w k` gf`bgc d„ìtrc d„arnmnbc ir`bí`nwc" ¸ Kcwgabb`rdw g`wtr`tcsrw+ w`dnpscw+ f`nbcsv+ irswtrîw dcbc z`w ìtrc cezcrcsrw+ gaee`bdcsrw cb gfci+ mr`bdwgfciw dc trnos+ msndcw wszrìecw d„sbc `starntîwszîrncsrc+ eïkcw daenb`btw psn rczrcbbcbt ê kcsrgaeztc k„Ardrc daenb`bt cb tr`ps`bt kcw dîyn`btw+ kcwdnycrmcbtw+ kcw crr`btw+ nkw dnrabt < ¨ Psck gab gcksn%kê"

I`st k„îlcgtcr ksn" I`st kcw îknenbcr kcw mcbw gaeecí`" ¸ _cezk`gc| ¨ Ir`bí`nw ¸ z`r yatrc b`tnab`kntîd„arnmnbc+ yasw aotcbc| kcw eìecw rî`gtnabw+ k` eìececbt`kntî" G„cwt `nbwn < tast gc psn yncbt dc k„cwzrnt cwtdîb`tsrî z`r k„`bne`kntî ‗ wn k„`bne`kntî b„cwt z`wdaecwtnpsîc ‗ 8 kcw zcrgcztnabw+ kcw lsmcecbtw+ kcw

ndîcw+ kcw nezrcwwnabw" K` tcrrc b„cwt z`w kc rczærc dcwcwzrntw+ e`nw kc rczærc dcw oìtcw 8 psn dîyarcbt kcwgfawcw dc k„cwzrnt cb rcgr`gf`bt dc k„cvgrîecbt+ dc k`r`mc+ dc k` f`nbc+ dc k` iaknc+ ds w`bm"Bc gra~c| dabg z`w ps„cb `dazt`bt sb `nr w`y`bt yaswwcrc| encsv zcrísw dc k` zazsk`tnab r`wc%eattcw+ as

eìec dc k` f`st zk`gîc 8 bc ornkkc| z`w traz z`r yaw



036

ndîcw dcy`bt kcw zksw dnzkôeîw+ g`r cb rî`knw`bt ps„nkwbc wabt z`w `swwn ornkk`btw psc gc ps„nkw wc iabt granrc

cbtrc csv ‗ zasr lswtnincr kcsr zawntnab wagn`kc ct kcsrw`k`nrc ‗+ nkw wc dîzìgfcrabt dc yasw dîbnmrcr cb yasw`ggsw`bt d„`yanr yakî yaw ndîcw ê dcw dnzkôeîw gaeeccsv" Ds eîdnagrc d„cb o`w `s y`bntcsv d„cb f`st+ tasww„`zzsncbt wsr kcsr z`trneanbc mîbîtnpsc as gsktsrckzasr wc zrîy`kanr d„sbc wszîrnarntî wsr yasw dabt nkwwabt dîzasrysw nbtrnbwæpscecbt+ ct dabt nkw bcw„`wwsrcbt wagn`kcecbt psc z`r kcw zragîdîw zcrindcwdc k` dniiè`tnab ct dc k` dîy`karnw`tnab w~wtîe`tnpscct e`kngncswc" Tasw kcw ea~cbw wabt oabw zasr îknenbcrk` gabgsrrcbgc" K` wagnîtî cwt sbc lsbmkc 8 ngn gaeec`nkkcsrw+ wn yasw bc zcbwc| z`w cb tcrec dc lsbmkc+ yaswwcrc| ¨ lsbmkî ¸4>" @sgsb ok`bgfïtrc b„`ggcztcr` d„`d%

ecttrc ps„nk bc yasw cwt z`w wszîrncsr ‗ w„nk b„` z`w îtîkènbî z`r kcw gèz`mbcw eabdn`knwtcw d„nbgnt`tnab ê k`f`nbc r`gn`kc dcw ynw`mcw zïkcw ‗+ ct ps„nk bc dant w`zawntnab wagn`kc ps„`s b`tnab`knwec ‗ aiingnck as aiin%gncsv ‗ `swwn zratcgtcsr ct ynt`k zasr ksn ps„sbc rî%wcryc zasr kcw cwzægcw `bne`kcw psn bc wabt zrîwcryîcw

psc zasr w`tnwi`nrc sbc gcrt`nbc gabgcztnab dc k„îpsn%knorc b`tsrck"Kcw r`gnwtcw+ z`ren kcw enbòkcw Ir`bí`nw+ wabtIr`bí`nw+ gfc| csv cb Ir`bgc+ d`bw sb enkncs iènkncrct i`yaròkc+ e`nw nkw bc w„cb wartcbt z`w 8 nkw abt

4> Kènbîw z`r kcw kanw dc k` lsbmkc"



03>

ocwanb d„`ggswcr sb dnòkc ‗ gaeec sb oasg îenww`nrcneenmrî ‗ zasr cvzknpscr kcsr nbiartsbc ct kcsr eîdna%

grntî" Ps„cwt%gc psc gc wcr`nt w„nkw ît`ncbt neenmrîw !dîbnmrîw+ g`kaebnîw+ wòatîw+ dnwgrnenbîw+ rclctîw+d`bw sb enkncs fawtnkc ct vîbazfaoc"Wn yasw b„ìtcw z`w tat`kcecbt `rrnîrîw ct psc yasw`yc| rîckkcecbt sb w`yanr ê `zzartcr ê k` Ir`bgc+ asoncb sbc i`íab dc yanr psn zasrr`nt cbrngfnr w` gsktsrc+îyntc| dc traz kc i`nrc w`yanr" Cb z`rk`bt d„`strc gfawcpsc dc ontc+ dc gf`ttc+ dc gasnkkcw+ d„`bsw+ ct `swwn dczambab+ dc zasyanr d„`gf`t+ dc rctr`ntc+ as d„`zîra+ dcocsycrnc+ dc mrawwc oasiic+ dc w`sgnwwab%znb`rd+ yaswz`wwcrnc| zasr sb nbtckkcgtsck `szræw dcw r`wc%eattcw+psn bc gaezrcbbcbt psc kc k`bm`mc garzarck ct k`dîeabwtr`tnab dc iargc zf~wnpsc 83: d„`st`bt ps„nkw

zcsycbt e`k wszzartcr ps„sb îtr`bmcr e`bnzskc encsvk` k`bmsc ir`bí`nwc ps„csv%eìecw psn+ zasr wc rcdarcrkc ok`wab+ wc ecttrabt ê o`r`masnbcr k` k`bmsc rîmna%b`kc dc kcsr mr`bdw%z`rcbtw+ nbgabbsc dc k„îtr`bmcr &nkcwt eìec dcw Ir`bga%dc%z`zncr%zartsm`nw psn w`ycbt

3: Oncb dcw iceckkcw yasw dîd`nmbcrabt as yasw r`nkkcrabt wn yasw bci`ntcw psc z`rkcr dcw gfawcw ds wcvc dc e`bnærc w`y`btc &as znrc !zaîtnpsc.+ t`bdnw ps„ckkcw yasw wcrabt wasenwcw ct dîyasîcw+ ct ckkcwdcyncbdrabt `denr`trngcw as rcgabb`nww`btcw+ wn yasw kcw ganbgc|îbcrmnpscecbt d`bw sb ycwtn`nrc zasr i`nrc ynrnkcecbt k` iìtc êkcsrw gsnwwatw 8 gc psn yasw yasdr` kc bîmknmcòkc rcwzcgt dc kcsrw

faeakamscw eïkcw &ckkcw i`bt`wecrabt yakabtncrw dc wc i`nrcynakcr cb oc`stî+ ct csv dc ynakcr fîraápscecbt."



09:

zaîtnwcr30 < ¨ @ Gamakc+ kcw Eckabw zaswwcbt wsr kcwtrattanrw 8 fn%fn%fn ! ¸ Kcw Zartaw `swwn+ `zz`rceecbt"."

Nkw rcgabb`nwwcbt sbnpscecbt gc psn wc yant ct gc psncwt rcgabbs z`r k` barec gaeec ît`bt dnmbc d„nbtî%rìt 8 gc psn wc z`wwc d`bw kcw tìtcw+ nkw bc kc yancbt z`wct nkw kc eîzrnwcbt+ g`r d`bw kcsr tìtc ê csv nk b„~ ` rncbct rncb bc w„~ z`wwc" K„nbtckknmcbgc+ zasr csv+ wc rîwsecê ìtrc g`zòkc dc yanr gc psn gabwtntsc k barec+ ìtrcg`zòkc dc yanr gc psn wc yant+ k„îyndcbgc 8 gc b„cwt z`wìtrc g`zòkc dc yanr kcw kncbw+ kcw g`swcw+ kcw ciictwnbynwnokcw+ bab îyndcbtw" Yanr k„nbynwnokc b„` z`w dc wcbwzasr csv 8 g„cwt sbc òcrr`tnab" Znrc ! Gck` rîgkèc dck` wcbwnonkntî 8 ct eìec sbc wcbwnonkntî z`rtngsknærc+ps„nkw eîzrnwcbt gaeesbîecbt"Wn yatrc zrazaw zrcb`nt k` tcbcsr d„sbc ndîakamnc+ d„sbc

gabyngtnab+ d„sbc zsnww`bgc ecbt`kc+ yasw kcsr icrnc|zcsr &nkw wc w`ycbt dîesbnw i`gc ê gc t~zc dc iargc+csv psn wc g`btabbcbt d`bw gckkc dc k` eastabbcrnc."Yasw zrayapscrnc| sbc dnwwab`bgc gambntnyc ct sbecww`mc d„crrcsr &¨ Ast ai d`t` ¸+ ¨ okcbdcd

30 Cb irîpscbt`bt kcw gabycbòkcecbt f`kîw dc k` Gôtc d„@|sr+ nkwwcrabt oncb nbwznrîw+ z`r sbc rctr`ntîc+ z`r cvcezkc+ dc zcwtcrgabtrc kcw îtr`bmcrw ds Wsd+ psn ìikscbt cb Ir`bgc zasr wc i`nrcwanmbcr mr`tsntcecbt+ mrïgc ê k„@ndc Eîdng`kc d„Ct`t+ ps`bd nkw bcwc iabt z`w z`~cr kcsrw gnrgabgnwnabw rntsckkcw+ t`bdnw psc kcw yr`nw

Ir`bí`nw wabt t`vîw ct nezawîw w`bw zasyanr wc z`~cr kcw wanbweîdng`sv îkîecbt`nrcw"



090

tfrc`tw ¸3?. d`bw kc zramrèec ecbt`k dcw Ir`bga%csrazîcbw psn wc wcbtcbt wn wszîrncsrw ê tast gc psn

b„cwt z`w aggndcbt`k 8 nk b„ît`nt z`w zrîys psc yaswdîo`rpsnc| cb baeorc zasr yasw cbr`gnbcr cb Ir`bgc+kcw Ir`bga%csrazîcbw b„abt z`w îtî zramrèeîw zasrìirabtcr sb ìiksv d„îtr`bmcw îtr`bmcrw" Csv zcsycbtyasw grntnpscr+ e`nw yasw bc zasyc| kcycr k` tìtc+ kcwrcm`rdcr d`bw kcw ~csv+ asyrnr k` oasgfc ct kcwgrntnpscr+ wsrtast dc e`bnærc zksw zcrtnbcbtc ps„csv+g`r nkw wc wcbtnrabt `mrcwwîw+ îor`bkîw d`bw kcsriabdcecbt+ ct nkw yasw `ggswcrabt d„ìtrc grntnpsc 8d„ìtrc sb `mnt`tcsr+ sb zcrtsro`tcsr+ sb `b`rgfnwtc+ sbtcrrarnwtc+ sb zrawîk~tc ‗ psn tasrbc k` tìtc dcw oabwIr`bí`nw dc o`wc+ dc k` gèz`mbc ct dc k` eabt`mbc ‗…ê cvzskwcr" Nkw wabt dc dnycrwcw wartcw ct iartw

baeorcsv+ gcsv%kê psn wc zk`nmbcbt d„ìtrc grntnpsîw+nbwsktîw+ aiicbwîw+ fsenknîw ct îgr`wîw z`r gcsv ps„nkwgrntnpscbt+ nbwsktcbt+ aiicbwcbt+ fsenkncbt ct îgr`wcbtcsv%eìecw ps`bd nkw wabt cb zawntnab daenb`btc" Nkwzrîtcbdcbt `yanr sbc ndcbtntî+ e`nw cb rî`kntî nkw b„abtz`w dc inmsrc"37

3? Ecb`gc ‗ nbiare`tnpsc ‗ esktnzkc 8 z`r gfcy`k dc Tranc ( ycrw (ynrsw e`kngncsv"37 Kcw r`gnwtcw Ir`bí`nw dc k` Y`wc psn dîbnmrcbt gabtnbsckkcecbtkcw E`mfrîonbw wc knyrcbt ê sbc ¨ nbgnt`tnab ê k` f`nbc r`gn`kc ¸cbycrw kcw E`mfrîonbw z`rgc psc gcrt`nbw rîtarpscbt+ gaeec kcwnwkènwtcw wc knyrcbt ê sbc ¨ nbgnt`tnab ê k` f`nbc r`gn`kc ¸ cbycrw

kcw Aggndcbt`sv z`rgc psc gcrt`nbw kcw grntnpscbt < ¨ Ya~c| gcps„nkw dnwcbt dc basw ! Ya~c| gc ps„nkw îgrnycbt wsr basw ! Nkw basw



09?

B„asoknc| z`w psc yasw ìtcw dcw `bgncbw gakabnwîw 8gaeec kcw Ir`bí`nw+ ds rcwtc+ e`nw nkw k„abt asoknî" Kcw

kcíabw+ gc wabt kcw Ir`bí`nw psn kcw dabbcbt" Csv wcskwzcsycbt kîmntnececbt dnrc gc psn cwt oab as z`w+ gc psncwt ê i`nrc as z`w+ ct gaeecbt nk gabyncbt dc wcgaezartcr" Gc wabt dcw gnynknw`tcsrw+ b„asoknc| z`w" Nkwyabt tast yasw `zzrcbdrc 8 nkw yabt yasw iarecr+ yaswîdspscr+ yasw drcwwcr+ yasw daecwtnpscr" @ kcsrw ~csv+yasw ìtcw rncb bn zcrwabbc" Csv zcsycbt yasw eîzrnwcrct yasw rclctcr+ e`nw yasw bc zasyc| kcw eîzrnwcr ctkcsr tasrbcr kc daw+ g`r `karw+ z`rgc psc yasw b„`dect%tc| z`w dc rcgcyanr kcsrw gaszw dc gr`y`gfc+ nkwgr`gfcrabt wsr yatrc daw < ¨ Twww ! Nkw bc ycskcbt z`ww„nbtîmrcr 8 nkw bc ycskcbt z`w tr`y`nkkcr" ¸ Nkw ycskcbtyasw i`nrc dcycbnr gc psc yasw dcyc| dcycbnr zasr kcsr

gabycbnr" @karw+ cb `ttcbd`bt d„ìtrc gabiarecw ê kcsrwdcwndcr`t`+ yasw+ k` wcskc gfawc psc yasw dcyc| w`yanr+g„cwt w`yanr dnrc < ¨ Asn gfci ¸+ ¨ asn o}`b` ¸"Gaezrnw 1Nk ~ ` dcw Ir`bí`nw &kcw y`wcsv+ r`gnwtcw ct bîagaka%bn`knwtcw. psn gabwndærcbt `yanr sb drant dc rcm`rd wsr

yasw+ wsr yatrc ync zrnyîc+ gaeec wsr dcw e`ki`nw`btw

`necbt z`w+ nkw basw grntnpscbt+ nkw basw nbwsktcbt" ¸ K` grntnpscb„cwt ps„sb zrîtcvtc stnknwî zasr cvgntcr k„`bne`kntî ct k` f`nbc"Tast cwt oab zasr i`nrc gck`" E`nw gaeec sbc grntnpsc cwt zkswiareckkc ps„sb rcm`rd eîzrnw`bt as sb wasrnrc b`rpsanw+ nk cwt zsw

`nwîecbt cvzkantî z`r kcw r`gnwtcw zwcsda%gfrîtncbw ct zwcsda%eswske`bw"



097

cb knocrtî ps„csv danycbt wsrycnkkcr+ ct z`rgc ps„nkw yaswgabwndærcbt gaeec dcw enbcsrw ‗ dabt csv+ kcw

`dsktcw+ abt k` gf`rmc ‗+ dcw nrrcwzabwòkcw w`bw lsmcatc ê psn ab bc zcst gabincr dcw rcwzabwònkntîw+`nbwn eìec psc yasw tr`ntc| kcw iceecw dc enbcsrcw&gaeec csv%eìecw kc i`nw`ncbt+ nk ~ ` dc gck` psckpscwdîgcbbncw+ `y`bt dc wc i`nrc rîbaycr z`r kcw @eîrn%g`nbw." Nkw ycskcbt w`yanr gaeecbt cwt yatrc wcvc+psckkc iarec zrcbd yatrc knonda+ gaeecbt wc z`wwcyatrc ync nbtnec+ gaeecbt w„arm`bnwc yatrc ync dcgaszkc as dc iènkkc+ z`r nmb`rc gsrnawntî as zasrzasyanr e`kngncswcecbt w„cb eapscr" Kcw Aggndcbt`svabt k„fòntsdc dc i`bt`wecr ct d„nrabnwcr wsr k` wcvs`%kntî dcw Banrw ct dcw @ròcw+ gaeec dcw Gsrnawntîw`bne`kcw+ gaeec dcw grî`tsrcw dc ianrc" K` earondc

nbwnwt`bgc ps„abt gcrt`nbw Ir`bí`nw ct `strcw Ir`bga%csrazîcbw ê yaskanr tast w`yanr dc yasw+ dc yatrc ynczrnyîc+ dc yatrc wcvs`kntî+ bc rckæyc z`w dc k` gsrnawntînbbagcbtc+ psn ynwc ê yasw gabb`âtrc zasr zrcbdrc cbgaeztc yatrc gsktsrc+ yatrc ecbt`kntî+ yaw eŗsrw+zasr w`yanr gaeecbt îtòknr sbc rck`tnab îpsnknorîc

`ycg yasw… e`nw ds r`gnwec wasw%l`gcbt 8 nkw cvnmcbtdc yasw psc yasw k`nwwnc| dnenbscr z`r csv+ yatrc rciswdc yasw dîyankcr y`k`bt rcisw ‗ gabtr`rn`bt ct eìecnb`denwwnokc ‗ dc yasw k`nwwcr daenbcr"Nk b„~ ` ps„sbc wcskc i`íab d„òardcr ct d„`zzrîgncr k`ync ct kcw iceecw < k` kcsr" Nk kcsr nbwszzartc d„`zzrcb%

drc ps„nk cb cvnwtc d„`strcw+ ct dc yanr psc psckps„sb



094

wceokc w„îz`basnr d`bw gcttc `strc i`íab dc yanr kcwgfawcw" Nkw ycskcbt w`yanr gaeecbt nk cwt zawwnokc

d„ìtrc encsv dnwzawî ps„csv+ gaeecbt nk cwt zawwnokcdc encsv `zzrîgncr kcw iceecw ps„csv" Ct wn yaswrciswc| dc kc kcsr dnrc+ nkw yasw f`rgækcrabt ct yaswdîbnmrcrabt ‗ d`bw yatrc ecbt`kntî+ yaw eŗsrw+ yatrcgsktsrc+ yaw i`ntw ct mcwtcw ‗+ zrìgf`bt kc i`sv zasryasw zaswwcr ê rîyîkcr kc yr`n"Yasw dcyc| gaezrcbdrc psn wabt yaw e`âtrcw 8 g„cwt gcpsc gcrt`nbw _`tw ir`bí`nw ycskcbt yasw i`nrc gaezrcb%drc… dc psckkc i`íab gcrt`nbw Ir`bí`nw abt e`bnicwtc%ecbt `zzrnw ê yasw gabwndîrcr ct ê yasw z`rkcr &gaeeckcw inkw dc z`trabw gakabn`knwtcw. < ¨ Ts danw kcsreabtrcr psn cwt kc e`âtrc" ¸Dabg+ wn sb zntfîg`btfrazc rîzabd`bt `s bae d„@rb`sd

D" Ok`ttc gfcrgfc ê gabb`âtrc k„`wzcgt dc yatrc ontc ask` zrazrctî dc yatrc `bsw+ as oncb w„nk yasw i`ntwasrbanwcecbt asyrnr k` oasgfc zasr yanr k„ît`t dc yawdcbtw l`sbncw ct ir`mnknwîcw z`r dc k` tîtr`g~gknbc34+z`rgc psc gcttc gf`rgstcrnc ockmc b„cwt z`w z`rycbsc êtr`âtrcswcecbt cvènbcr yatrc g`yntî osgg`kc cb wc

zk`í`bt i`gc ê yasw zcbd`bt psc yasw asyrnc| k` oasgfczasr e`bmcr+ fnwtanrc d„`kkcr rîzîtcr ê psn kc rîzætcr`cb oasgkc < ¨ Af k`%k`+ g`g`+ ynk`nb+ z`w oc`s ! G„cwt z`wbare`k í`+ nk ` dcsv dcbtw banrcw ! Í` ec i`nt zcsr" Afwcgasrw+ eè`b+ nbinrenærc ! ¸ &ckkc b„` e`bnicwtcecbt

34

G„cwt oc`s+ k` eîdcgnbc+ ps`bd gc b„cwt z`w dnmbc d„sb eswîcdcw farrcsrw"



093

lè`nw ys dc zkaeo`mc `s ecrgsrc33+ gaeec ckkc bcw„cwt e`bnicwtcecbt lè`nw rcm`rdîc d`bw sb enranr+

gcttc ìircswc oasrwasiksrc dîbsîc dc gf`rec êdîi`st dc oc`stî+ t`bt ckkc cwt dîiareî z`r kcw`dnwec ‗ dc wab rcm`rd eîzrnw`bt+ dc w` enbcdîmaøtîc ct dc wcw rngtsw dc lasnww`bgc zcrycrwc.39…bc yasw ìiakc| z`w+ yasw b„ìtcw z`w iargîecbt cbzrîwcbgc d„sb cwgk`y`mnwtc+ e`nw wcskcecbt d„sb trasdc gsk îkcyî `ycg dcw znwwcswcw+ psn ycst zasyanr dîok`%tîrcr wsr k„ît`t w`bnt`nrc dcw zazsk`tnabw wasw%dîyc%kazzîcw+ kîzrcswcw+ tsocrgskcswcw+ wndîcbbcw+ gaeecìicgtîcw dc tastcw kcsrw e`k`dncw dc k„nbw`ksorntî &dc

33 Nk rî`mnt dabg gaeec kcw zctntw @eîrng`nbw psn+ tr`se`tnwîw z`r

k„cvzawntnab nezraeztsc d„sb wcnb e`rrab karw d„sb Wszcr Oa}k+dîgrnycbt kcsr eærc gaeec `~`bt d„farrnokcw oawwcw ciir`~`btcwwsr k` zantrnbc &nkw rî`mnwwcbt z`rcnkkcecbt i`gc `s zrîzsgce`wgsknb. <‛S"W" Gfnkdrcb Wtnkk Tr`se`tn|cd Abc ^c`r @itcr Wccnbm Z`rtn`kk~Cvzawcd Orc`wt Ab TY―L`bs`r~ ?9+ ?::3 { NWWSC 40 :4fttz<}}}"tfcabnab"gae`rtngkcwsw%gfnkdrcb%wtnkk%tr`se`tn|cd%

abc%~c`r%ìtcr%wccnb+0?6339 Yasw k„`yc| dcy`bt yasw+ cb tr`nb dc yasw karmbcr k„arningcosgg`k" Yasw `yc| cbync dc ksn gakkcr sbc tarmbakc+ e`nw wabmc| pscgck` rnwpsc dc yasw gaøtcr gfcr wn yasw ksn òâec| wîyærcecbt kcwgcryng`kcw as kcw eîbnbmcw" Yasw zasyc| îycbtsckkcecbt ksngr`gfcr dcwwsw sb oak `knecbt`nrc" Gc b„cwt z`w îkîm`bt+ e`nw gck`zcst zradsnrc wab ciict" Gck` dîzcbdr` dc k` wakndntî dc yaw bcriw

as dc yatrc g`z`gntî ê yasw dît`gfcr dc yasw ct dc yaweîw`ycbtsrcw"

http://www.theonion.com/articles/us-children-still-traumatized-one-year-after-seein,1285/

http://www.theonion.com/articles/us-children-still-traumatized-one-year-after-seein,1285/



099

k` wsreart`kntî nbi`btnkc ê k` gîgntî+ cb z`ww`bt z`r dcwìicgtnabw m~bîgakamnpscw psc kcw E`rag`nbcw iabt

fabtcswcecbt tr`ntcr z`r kcw ABM+ cb g`gfcttc+ waswzcnbc+ w`bw dastc+ d„ìtrc dnòaknwîcw ct rîzsdnîcw 8w`bw z`rkcr dcw @irng`nbcw as dcw Nbdncbbcw+ rclctîcwzasr kcsr inwtskc rcgta%y`mnb`kc as kcsrw nbicgtnabwmîbnt`kcw wtîrnknw`btcw ‗ îycbtsckkcecbt gabwîgstnycw êkcsr nbinosk`tnab ‗.+ zasr kc zksw mr`bd zk`nwnr dc WwwTìtc%dc%eart+ kc gfncb iasnbcsr psn+ `ycg zrcwt`bgc ct`kkîmrcwwc &¨ cf kcw m`rw ! }asì+ }asì ! l„`n psckpscgfawc ê yasw eabtrcr 8 af g„cwt graswtnkk`bt+ yasw `kkc|yanr+ }asì+ }asì ! ¸.+ r`zzartcr` sb dcw aw dc yatrcg`d`yrc dîgfnpsctî d`bw kcw onwtratw dcw _arambn`nw+psn ksn `srabt zrîgîdceecbt eabtrî aþ dîtcrrcr dcwg`d`yrcw zasr r`zzartcr sb ¨ babaw ¸ `s eìnawa garwc

ct ê wcw kægfc%gsk zcrwnikcsrw+ ìnb ps„nkw zsnwwcbt wci`nrc kcw dcbtw wsr yatrc daw+ ct wsrtast yatrc ontc"Kcw gfncbw ir`bí`nw wc rcbyancbt k„`wgcbwcsr < gf`gsbr`gabtc `sv `strcw gc psc yasw i`ntcw ngn ct kê+gaeecbt yasw ìtcw ngn ct kê+ ct z`rtast nkw rîzætcrabtgc ps„nkw `srabt cbtcbds" Gc b„cwt z`w dc k` tîkîzfabnc

`ròc+ bn eìec dc k` tîkîzfabnc zartòkc+ g„cwt dc k`tîkîzfabnc `b`kc" Kcw gfncbw dc _arambn`nw ycskcbt tastw`yanr dc yasw ct dc yaw i`ntw ct mcwtcw" Gcw gfncbw dcm`rdc yasw wsrycnkkcbt" Kcw Ir`b|aswcw gabwtntscbt sbcingfc dc rcbwcnmbcecbt wsr yasw 8 nkw abt k` iraswwc dctast gc psn b„cwt z`w ok`bg"



09=

G`r nk i`st dnrc psc kc gcryck`w ockmc zcnbc ê `decttrcps„sb Cvatnpsc rcwwceokc ê sb Csrazîcb+ ksn psn

rcwwceokc ê sbc cwzægc gc oasdnb ok`bg ycks ct oasr%wasikî 8 g`nkkastcsv eîtnw nwws ds granwcecbt cbtrc sbar`bm%ast`bm ct sb zf`gagfærc &yasw kc granwcrc|zcst%ìtrc d`bw wab enkncs b`tsrck+ `sv cbynrabbcecbtwdc k` ynkkc ê k„f`kcnbc dc t`src`s+ as oncb `karw d`bw sbcoasgfcrnc%gf`rgstcrnc 8 aþ nk yasw wsiint dc dce`bdcr3:: m d„@rb`sd zasr psc kc gf`rgstncr yasw eabtrc dsoasdnb ok`bg ycks d„ar`bm%ast`b zf`gagfærc." Z`rgabtrc+ wn yasw ìtcw sb zïkngfab bardnpsc `s grïbcdîm`rbn+ `sv abmkcw ct `sv zncdw banrw dc gèoasnw+dasokî d„sb `kgaaknpsc îdcbtî yasw i`nw`bt mrïgc+ cbrn`bt mr`wwcecbt+ dc wcw gfngatw banrw dc g`rnc… kcwrnkkcttcw ds Wsd bc ycrrabt z`w cb yasw sb t~zc traz

zïkc zasr ìtrc d`bw wab ît`t b`tsrck+ ct Zargnbctt`znwwî dc zankw dc gsk bc gfcrgfcr` z`w ê yasw`swgsktcr+ z`rgc ps„nk b„`sr` z`w cbync dc wc i`nrcîmarmcr gaeec gcksn psn ` `nbwn cbya~î cb zrnwabYanvdcgaroc`s" K„cbiksrc b`nbc cvènbc kcw dcbtw dcw`strcw+ e`nw ckkc icr`nt oncb encsv+ wn wab cwtae`g cwt

oncb `ggragfî+ dc rcm`rdcr w` mscskc d„Ckczf`bt e`b 8ct d„`kkcr+ cb yntcwwc+ gabwsktcr sb gfnrsrmncb cwtfîtn%psc zasr wc k` i`nrc rci`nrc ‗ z`rgc wab zærc ` dø wct`zcr k` tìtc gabtrc kc ycbtrc cbgcnbt dc w` eærcps`bd nk ` ys ps„ckkc kc zart`nt ‗"Mkasg%mkasg%mkasg+ zast%zast%zast+ gat%gat%gat+ g`b%

g`b%g`b… yasw k„cbtcbdrc| wasycbt" G„cwt tast gc psn



096

rcwtc dc k` Ir`bgc ct dcw Ir`bí`nw 8 nkw wc wabt trazeîk`bmîw `ycg kcw Csrazîcbw dîgabintw ycbsw cb

Ir`bgc psîe`bdcr dc psan wsrynyrc+ `karw nkw bcrcwwceokcbt zksw ê rncb+ ps„ê dcw nbmrîdncbtw dc i`wt%iaad psn ecsmkcbt `bmk`nw gaeec dcw zîbnw gnrgabgnwyabt ct yncbbcbt+ cb tr`âb`bt dcw zncdw < dcw oït`rdwaowîdîw z`r k` zsrctî dc kcsr knmbîc+ ps„nkw i`bt`wecbtct grancbt rîckkc"

E`kmrî tast gc psn yasw `ttcbd+ yasw rîswwnrc| w`bwdastc ê yasw e`nbtcbnr cb Ir`bgc zasr ~ wsrynyrc &g`rwn yasw ìtcw ngn+ g„cwt psc kcw zsnww`bgcw daenb`btcw kcycskcbt oncb+ fcnb !.+ e`nw zasr aotcbnr k` rcgabb`nw%w`bgc dcw zrne`tcw psn wc zrcbbcbt zasr dcw dncsv+ nkyasw i`sdr` i`nrc zksw psc wsrynrc" Nk yasw i`sdr`¨ rîswwnr d`bw k` ync ¸" Z`w wcskcecbt zasr yasw%eìec+zasr yasw wartnr ds kat dcw yc`sv psn tætcbt Ir`bgc+kcsr eærc+ kcsr zstc+ kcsr y`gfc ê k`nt+ e`nw îm`kcecbtct wsrtast zasr kcw `strcw3=+ zasr cb i`nrc zraintcr kcw

3= Sb cvzkant b„nbtîrcwwc zcrwabbc wn k` wcskc zcrwabbc psn cb lasntct psn cb zraintc cwt ‗ wcskc+ d`bw wab ganb+ ê k„òrn dcw rcm`rdw ‗gckkc psn k„ rî`knwî" Wn k` zksz`rt dcw faeecw zcsycbt w„cvgntcr ê k`wcskc ysc d„sbc iceec psn zrcbd ds zk`nwnr e`wtsro`tanrc+ gaeoncbwabt g`zòkcw dc w„cbtfaswn`wecr ê k` ysc d„sb `rtnwtc psn wc i`nt

zk`nwnr `ycg wab `rt 8 gaeoncb wc rcgabb`nwwcbt cb w` dîe`rgfc+w„nkw bc zr`tnpscbt z`w gct `rt 1



09>

`strcw+ gcsv psn mscttcbt k„`wgcbwcsr as kc z`wwc%drantgaeec d„`strcw `ttcbdcbt k` zrayndcbgc as k„`yæbc%

ecbt dc kcsr dncs wsr tcrrc 8 tasw gcsv psn wc icrabtzrawzîrcr d`bw kc wnkk`mc dc yaw ciictw ct dc yatrc`gf`rbcecbt cbycrw ct gabtrc kc eîzrnw+ k` g`kaebnc+kcw fsenkn`tnabw+ kcw azzawntnabw+ kcw znæmcw ct kcw wòa%t`mcw gaeenw z`r gc t~zc d„nbdnyndsw &kcw w`bmwscw psneabtrcbt ds danmt kcw zraintcsrw ps„nkw tr`ntcbt `ycgeîzrnw dc w`bmwscw+ ct ps„csv wabt as gfcrgfcbt êìtrc.+ cb cwtne`bt psc yasw kcsr dcyc| yatrc rîswwntc"Zasr rîswwnr kc ¨ _ìyc ir`bí`nw ¸ yasw dcyc| w`yanrgaeztcr kcw wasw+ e`nw yasw dcyc| îm`kcecbt gabb`âtrckcw baeorcw rce`rpsòkcw 8 gaeec e`âtrnwcr k„cwzrntdcw baeorcw zrcencrw &dc wartc psc yaw wasw bc wancbt lè`nw rîz`rtnw ps„cbtrc yasw ct gcsv psn wabt cv`gtc%

ecbt gaeec yasw+ want cbtrc yasw%eìec ct ‗ kcwesktnzkcw dc ‗ yasw%eìec." Dc tasw kcw baeorcw ê k`w~eoaknpsc wnmbning`tnyc+ wn gcrt`nbw abt îtî îrnmîw `sr`bm dc baeorcw e~tfnpscw+ ct eìec dc baeorcwe`mnpscw psn zcrecttcbt dc w„cbrngfnr wsr kc daw dcwndnatw+ nk cb cwt sb psc yasw dcyc| eîearnwcr ct dabt

yasw dcyc| e`âtrnwcr k„sw`mc 8 gc psn nezknpsc psc yaswkc zr`tnpsnc|+ `wwndøecbt < 9>" Kc baeorc 9> cwt kcgadc d„`ggæw ê k` rîswwntc wagn`kc 8 `zzrcbc| gc baeorcz`r gŗsr+ z`r oasgfc+ ct wsrtast z`r gsk" G„cwt kcbaeorc psn rczrîwcbtc sbc zawntnab psc danycbt`daztcr tasw gcsv psn ycskcbt ¨ rîswwnr ¸ &ê ìtrc dc



0=:

ockkcw zstcw ds W~wtæec ocwtn`k. < k` zawntnab dc kìckk`tnab estsckkc"

Wsgcr+ wc i`nrc wsgcr+ kîgfcr+ wc i`nrc kîgfcr+ g„cwtpsckpsc gfawc psc yasw dcyc| zr`tnpscr zasr¨ rîswwnr ¸" Ynwnabbc| dcw inkew zarbamr`zfnpscw+wsrtast faeawcvsckw ct kcwoncbw+ gck` yasw `ndcr` êgaezrcbdrc kc zrnbgnzc" Wn yasw bc gaezrcbc| z`w kciabgtnabbcecbt dc k„`wgcbwcsr zbcse`tnpsc ct dsznwtab f~dr`sknpsc+ g„cwt psc yatrc zsrnt`bnwec yasw òrndî k„cwzrnt ê sb zanbt psn b„cvnwtc eìec zksw d`bw kcwz`~w @ròa%e`mfrîonbw w`tckknwîw+ psn wc m`ycbt cbg`gfcttc dc inkew zarbamr`zfnpscw aggndcbt`sv+ gaeecd`bw k` gk`wwc aggndcbt`kc oncb îdspsîc kcw faeecw psnyabt+ cb wc g`gf`bt nezîr`tnycecbt dc kcsr îzaswc+e`tcr dcw ¨ inkew dc gsk ¸ d`bw kcw w`kkcw wzîgn`knwîcw

‗ ps`bd nkw bc yabt z`w ¨ `sv zstcw ¸ ‗"Nk wcr`nt tast dc eìec nbyr`nwceokòkc psc yasw bcgaezrcbnc| z`w kc zrnbgnzc dc k` dîg`dcbgc+ zsnwpscd`bw yaw z`~w tat`kcecbt garraezsw tast w„`gfætc+ ~gaezrnw kcw iceecw ct kcw inkkcttcw+ oncb d`y`bt`mcps„ngn &wagnîtî dc drant d`bw k`psckkc nk wsiint wasycbt

dc dce`bdcr zasr `yanr+ gabtr`nrcecbt ê yaw wagnîtîwdc dcyanrw psn zrîtcbdcbt yasw rîgaezcbwcr ê yatrceart+ d`bw kc z`r`dnw dcw ka~`sv dîyasîw ct dcwdîyatw wasenw+ cb yasw z`~`bt `ycg k` eabb`nc dc dncsdcw rcknmncsv+ cbgarc eanbw t`bmnokc psc k` eabb`nc dcwnbmc dcw inb`bgncrw. 8 ct oncb ps„`ycg yatrc rcknmnab

yasw yasw zawnc| &z`r cvgæw dc y`bntî+ ct i`stc dc



0=0

knocrtî dc zcbwîc+ d„cvzrcwwnab ct d„`stagrntnpsc.+gaeec kcw wcskw icrecw azzaw`btw ê k„ardrc e`rgf`bd

inb`bgn`rnwî dcw wagnîtîw aggndcbt`kcw+ wasw cbtcbds+ lsdîa%zratcwt`btcw swsr`nrcw+ aþ tast w„`gfætc ct tastwc ycbd+ ~ gaezrnw kcw arm`bcw fse`nbw gaeec kcwzrîzsgcw yakîw `sv oîoîw `ycg kcwpsckw w„cbrngfnwwcbtdcw wagnîtîw dc onatcgfbakamnc gatîcw cb Oasrwc36"Wn yasw rciswc| d„`daztcr gcttc zawntnab+ k` bseîra9>+ kcw mcbw dc wagnîtî bc gaezrcbdrabt z`w+ g`r nkw bcgaezrcbbcbt z`w psc k„ab zsnwwc ìtrc rîzsmbî z`r kcsri`íab dc i`nrc ct d„ìtrc+ gaeec csv yaenwwcbt gc psc

36 Wn+ nezrcwwnabbîw z`r k` g`z`gntî d„`knîb`tnab dc yatrc rcknmnab+ psnîm`kc as wsrz`wwc gckkc ds g`znt`knwec inb`bgncr+ gcrt`nbw b`áiw`necbt yasw zrîwcbtcr gaeec dcw mcbw babgf`k`btw marmîw dc

wznrnts`kntî ct psn abt kc wcbw zcrds dc k` iènkkc zkstôt psc dszraint zcrwabbck+ nk ~ ` z`ren yasw oncb dcw gszndcw `swwn îzrnw dconcbw e`tîrnckw+ dc ksvc+ dc irnyakntî+ dc mkarnakc ct dc zambab ‗ ctd„îy`wnab inwg`kc ‗ psc kcw zstcw dc k` wagnîtî gabwseîrnwtc+ psn wceapscbt ds zrnbgnzc dc k` waknd`rntî+ ct psn gabw`grc kcsr ync ê sbcwcskc gfawc < kcsr g`rrnærc+ kcsr z`trneanbc+ kcsr lasnww`bgcîmaáwtc dc k` ync tcrrcwtrc 8 cb wc eaps`bt tat`kcecbt ds wart ctdcw ît`tw d„ïec dc kcsrw fôtcw+ cb k„aggsrrcbgc ir`bí`nw" Cf asn+ nk

i`sdr`nt kc r`zzckcr `sv bn`nw < nk ~ ` gfc| yasw `swwn dcw mcbw dcDrantc ct d„Cvtrìec%drantc &nk ~ `+ gfc| kcw @irng`nbw+ kcw mcbw layn`sv+ gf`kcsrcsv+ mr`bdw cbi`btw z`gninpscw+ ct nk ~ ` kcwgrî`tsrcw dîeabn`pscw+ kcw ìtrcw neeabdcw+ kcw gaszcsrw dc tìtcwct dc wcvcw+ kcw cwgk`y`mnwtcw `yndcw dc zasyanr+ kcw eìncsvtrìnps`btw d„ìtrc fse`nbw. 8 nk ~ ` gfc| yasw+ gaeec z`rtast`nkkcsrw+ dcw lsdîa%zratcwt`btw d`bw k„ïec 8 nk ~ ` gfc| yasw+

gaeec z`rtast `nkkcsrw+ dcw mcbw psn bc wabt z`w dc gfc| yaswd`bw kcsr gŗsr+ kcsr ïec ct kcsr gabwgncbgc"



0=?

wabt ct gc psc iabt kcw zrawtntsîcw aiingnckkcecbtg`t`kamsîcw gaeec tckkcw" G`r csv wc gabwndærcbt bn

gaeec dcw zstcw bn gaeec dcw oìtcw+ e`nw gaeec dcwgnta~cbw rcwzcgtòkcw psn wabt ct iabt gc ps„¨ ab ¸ &kcwmr`bdw+ kcw daenb`btw+ kcw rngfcw+ kcw zsnww`btw… kcweìncsv. kcsr nezawc d„ìtrc ct dc i`nrc+ dcw gnta~cbwcvcezk`nrcw psn abt rîswwn kcsr ync cb stnknw`btornkkèecbt tastcw kcw ingckkcw dc kcsr eîtncr+ tastck„nbtckknmcbgc îgabaenpsc ct wagn`kc+ tasw kcw ras`mcwdc k` wagnîtî ct tastcw kcw azzartsbntîw ps„ckkc aiirc 8¨ ps`bd k„`rmcbt cwt i`gnkc+ ê `yanr+ nk bc i`st z`wfîwntcr ê i`nrc gc ps„nk i`st zasr k„`yanr ¸+ wc dnwcbt kcwzstcw `yasîcw ct nb`yasîcw" Zasr csv+ k` barec+ g„cwt kcOncb+ k` ear`kc+ k` ycrts+ kc drant gfcenb 8 eìec wngcttc barec y`rnc `ycg kcw nbtîrìtw dcw daenb`btw+ ct

eìec wn gcttc y`rn`tnab wc i`nt z`r rcynrcecbt ctnbycrwnab dcw y`kcsrw gaeec rctasrbcecbt dcw granv"Nkw wc grancbt rcwzcgtòkcw z`rgc ps„nkw wabt gc psc k`wagnîtî dcw eìncsv ` i`nt d„csv" Nkw wartcbt d„sbcmrawwc iòrnpsc dc gabb`rdw+ e`nw nkw wc eapscbtd„ìtrc dcw gabb`rdw" K„cwwcbtnck cwt ps„nkw `ncbt îtî

zradsntw z`r sbc mrawwc swnbc+ dabt kcw cezka~îwzcsycbt dnrc+ ê k` m`kcrnc+ ê kcsrw zramîbntsrcw as `svbasyc`sv cezka~îw ps„nkw ycskcbt nezrcwwnabbcr cb wci`nw`bt rcksnrc d`bw k„`sr` ds Mraszc < ¨ Okòkòk`… aswn ts zrîiærcw+ kc Mraszc e`gfnb+ g„cwt ¸ t`bt d„cezka% ~îw+ t`bt dc gfniirc d„ìi`nrcw+ t`bt d„swnbcw rîz`rtncw



0=7

d`bw t`bt dc z`~w" Nkw bc yasw dnrabt z`w ps`bd tastgck` wcr` dîkag`knwî gfc| yasw+ nkw bc w„cb dastcbt z`w"

Nk `rrnyc gczcbd`bt sb eaecbt aþ k` gaezrîfcbwnabestsckkc cwt `swwn kòarncswc as nezawwnokc psck„`zzrcbtnww`mc d„sbc k`bmsc îtr`bmærc" Dcsv aztnabwct dcen w„aiircbt `karw ê yasw 8 zasr mîrcr k` wnts`%

tnab <K` zrcenærc yr`nc aztnab cwt k` wsny`btc < ê k` eanbdrcrce`rpsc dîwaoknmc`btc+ ê k` eanbdrc `kkswnab+ `s eanb%drc rng`bcecbt+ ê k` eanbdrc grntnpsc wsr gc psc yaswìtcw as i`ntcw+ ds wcsk i`nt dc yatrc b`nww`bgc+ dcyatrc arnmnbc+ dc yatrc zraycb`bgc+ ê k` eanbdrc

nbtrswnab d`bw yatrc ync zrnyîc… yasw rcbtrc| d`bw kct`w" Z`w dc zntnî zasr kcw gabb`rdw ! Yasw ìtcw cbenkncs fawtnkc+ cbgcrgkîw z`r dcw gfncbw o`ycsv" Kèantnî dcw `bne`sv en%fse`nbw bc gaezrcbbcbt ct bcrcwzcgtcbt psc k` dîeabwtr`tnab dc iargc" Nkw `ttcb%dcbt ct eìec cvnmcbt psc yasw i`wwnc| eabtrc dc

ynrnkntî+ dc ocwtn`kntî 8 g`r nkw eîzrnwcbt kcw i`nokcwciicgtniw as `zz`rcbtw" Wn yasw yasw k`nwwc| i`nrc k`zrcenærc ianw+ kcw r`mabdnbw nbtcrzrætcrabt yatrcrctcbsc gaeec sb wnmbc dc i`nokcwwc+ ct nkw b„`srabt dcgcwwc dc yasw f`rgckcr" Í` iabgtnabbc gaeec k` ecrdc+kcw _`tw dcw gfèzw+ wsrtast kcw _`tw dcw ynkkcw < í`gakkc ê yasw wn í` bc wc i`nt z`w bctta~cr" Ct nk ~ `taslasrw dcw Ir`bí`nw dc k` Y`wc+ r`gnwtcw ê wasf`nt+



0=4

psn gfcrgfcbt ê ¨ wc z`~cr ¸ sb eîtæpsc+ ct psn yancbtsbc oabbc agg`wnab dc wc kc z`~cr w„nk eabtrc dcw

wnmbcw dc i`nokcwwc" Cb `zzknps`bt k` kan ds zksw iart+yasw wcrc| zcrísw gaeec dcw rswtrcw+ dc ynakcbtwneenmrîw+ gabiarecw ê k„ndîc psc kcw _`tw wc iabt dcyasw+ e`nw kcw _`tabw bc wc irattcrabt zksw ê yasw 8 kcwecrdcw+ í` w„`zk`tnt ps`bd ab kcw îgr`wc"&Wn yasw ìtcw `ttcbtniw ct wcbwnokcw ê gc psn wc z`wwcct wc dnt+ kcw w`dnpscw wc icrabt sb e`knb zk`nwnr ê`zzs~cr kê aþ í` i`nt e`k+ cb rcectt`bt wsr kc t`znw kcwtfæecw wcbwnokcw" Wn yasw `yc| k„arcnkkc inbc ct pscyasw zrcbc| wsr yasw cb bc ròras`bt z`w kcw mcbw dce`sy`nwc ian psn yasw `ggswcbt+ yasw `ggòkcbt+ yaswdîbnmrcbt+ kcw mcbw ê zraokæec o`k`bgcrabt wsr yaswtastcw kcsrw ardsrcw `swwn wørcecbt psc w„nkw `y`ncbt

dcy`bt csv sbc mr`bdc zasockkc asycrtc 8 ct nkw yaswf`árabt dc k` f`nbc dc k„@strc psn kcw `bnec+ gaeec abeîzrnwc sb rîgczt`gkc ê ardsrcw" Ct oncb yntc nkwicrabt dc yasw sb eør dc k„nbiènc wsr kcpsck tast kceabdc w„`zzsncr`+ ¨ t`mscr` ¸+ znwwcr` 8 gaeec sbcwartc dc Gfrnwt psn cvznrc tasw kcw yngcw dc k` tcrrc" Wn

yasw ìtcw dcw Ir`bga%e`mfrîonbw+ `strcecbt dnt+ wnyasw `yc| sb zncd gfc| kcw Ir`bí`nw+ wsrtast wn yasw cb`yc| kc i`gnæw+ kcw Ir`bí`nw cb irand `ycg kcwE`mrîonbw lcttcrabt wsr yasw tast gc ps„nkw ycskcbt lctcr wsr kcw E`mfrîonbw+ gaeec z`r dcwwsw sbcrnynærc ‗ cb z`ww`bt z`r sb zabt ‗+ ê dîi`st dc w„`drcw%

wcr dnrcgtcecbt `sv E`mfrîonbw+ wancbt z`rgc ps„nkw



0=3

kcw eîzrnwcbt traz zasr îtòknr sb gabt`gt ‗ gaees%bng`tni ‗ `ycg csv+ want z`rgc ps„nkw ycskcbt îyntcr dc wc

rctrasycr d`bw sbc wnts`tnab psn rnwpsc dc w„cbycbnecr lswps„`s trnosb`k garrcgtnabbck as k` Gasr d„`wwnwcw".K` dcen%aztnab gabwnwtc cvfnocr yatrc wcvc estnkî+ wnzawwnokc cb kcsr ectt`bt oncb d`bw k` mscskc+ `svgabb`rdw wartnw d„sbc tcrrc ps„nkw grancbt fabarcr dckcsr wcskc zrîwcbgc r`gnb`nrc 8 csv psn nbwzcgtcbt kòntc dcw Ir`bga%e`mfrîonbw gaeec kcw B`|nw nbwzcg%t`ncbt gckkc dcw Lsniw+ zasr trncr kcw oabw ct kcwe`sy`nw Ir`bí`nw &cv`gtcecbt gaeec yasw%eìecwnbwzcgtc| kcw ontcw zasr w`yanr psn wabt dcw yôtrcw 8z`rgc psc yasw ìtcw tasw dc k` eìec r`gc `bne`kc+e`nw traz zrnentniw zasr yanr yatrc zrazrc rcikct d`bwkc enranr ‗ wagn`k+ ecbt`k+ gsktsrck ‗ psc yasw tcbdcbt

kcw `strcw ê tr`ycrw kc ‗ w`kc ‗ rcm`rd ps„nkw zartcbtwsr yasw.3>" Yasw o`nwwc| yatrc z`bt`kab ct yasw kcwk`nwwc| nbwzcgtcr yatrc tras dc gsk ê k` rcgfcrgfc dctastc k` ecrdc psn i`rgnt kcsr grïbc+ ct ps„nkw zasrrabtdîycrwcr wsr yatrc daw 8 csv psn `necbt iasnbcr d`bw k`ync zrnyîc ct d`bw kcw zasockkcw dcw `strcw+ e`nw psn bc

wszzartcbt z`w psc k„ab wceokc îgastcr gc ps„nkwo`r`masnbcbt cbtrc csv" Ps`bd nkw yasw `srabtf`rgckîw zasr yasw i`nrc `yascr psc yasw ìtcw dcw

3> Wn sb Ir`bga%e`mfrîonb b„` z`w k` mscskc dc k„cezkan psc ksnrîwcryc kcw Ir`bí`nw+ zasr ksn gc wcr` dasokc zcnbc+ dasokc

nbycwtnm`tnab < ìnb dc w`yanr wn g„cwt sb Lsni+ wn gc b„cwt z`w sbEswske`b"



0=9

Gaszîw+ nkw yasw dce`bdcrabt dc kcsr r`gabtcr gc pscí` i`nt dc wc k` i`nrc gaszcr+ `y`bt dc wc ecttrc ê

yntszîrcr yaw eŗsrw+ yatrc gsktsrc ct yatrc ecbt`kntîdc Gaszîw"9: Kcw _`tw zasrrabt `nbwn yasw `ggakcr sbcndcbtntî+ yasw cbicrecr d`bw sbc g`tîmarnc+ `ycg tastck` ecrdc ps„nkw abt d`bw k` tìtc+ ct ps„nkw abt gakkcgtîccb rcm`rd`bt k` tîkî ct cb îgast`bt r`datcr kcw _`twdcw ynkkcw ct kcw _`tw dcw gfèzw" Kcsr cwzrnt zrnentniyasw ecttr` `nbwn d`bw sbc oaâtc ecbt`kc+ ps„nk r`bmcr`d`bw sb zk`g`rd" Kcsrw rczærcw `srabt îtî rcenw ê kcsrzk`gc" Kcw zanbtw dc rczærc wabt ynt`sv zasr kcw`ycsmkcw 8 nk bc i`st z`w kcw kcsr gfèoaskcr"K` dcsvnæec yr`nc aztnab gabwnwtc ê i`nrc gc ps„nk cwtd„sw`mc dc i`nrc d`bw kc eabdc ‗ zst`wwncr ‗ dc k„`zz`%rcbgc+ ds wnesk`grc+ dc k„f~zagrnwnc ct ds ecbwabmc 8

gfc| gcsv psn wc eapscbt dc k„`stfcbtngntî dcw ìtrcw+dcw i`ntw+ dcw `rtw ct dcw e`bnærcw+ gfc| gcsv psn

9: Nkw bc dce`bdcbt z`w `sv iceecw gc psc í` i`nt+ dc wc i`nrcynakcr 8 z`rgc ps„nkw dcyr`ncbt gr`gfcr wsr kcsrw wceokòkcw" Nkz`r`ât psc g„cwt tcrrnokc+ dc wc i`nrc ynakcr+ wn ab cb grant kc

gnbîe` k`rea~`bt dcw iîenbnwtcw g`kgsk`trngcw+ e`nw ab bc yant z`wyr`necbt cb psan g„cwt tcrrnokc dc wc i`nrc ynakcr" Psckkc dniiî%rcbgc ~ `%t%nk `ycg sb r`zzart wcvsck bare`k 1 Sbc iceec psn wci`nt ynakcr+ gc b„cwt ps`bd eìec z`w gaeec sb m`ríab psn i`ntèzstcr ê yni dc wab zrîzsgc 8 nk bc i`st ps`bd eìec z`w cv`mî%rcr d`bw k„astr`bgc" G„cwt dîinbntni+ í`+ sbc gnrgabgnwnab" Gck` dsrctastc k` ync+ gck` wc rczradsnt gf`psc lasr d`bw k` tìtc+ gck` bc

w„`rrìtc lè`nw 8 g„cwt `strcecbt zksw tr`se`tnw`bt psc dcwm`knzcttcw iargîcw"



0==

w`ycbt psc yasw w`yc| ps„nkw w`ycbt < wneskcr 8 wneskc|gaeec sbc iceec wasenwc as g`kgsk`trngc psn ` nbtî%

mrî kc gaee`bdcecbt wagn`k yask`bt ps„ckkc `ggaez`mbcw~wtîe`tnpscecbt wab eïkc daenb`bt d`bw wcw rïkcw+wcw dîwnrw+ ct ps„ckkc icnmbc `swwn w~wtîe`tnpscecbt dcwc w`tnwi`nrc dc wcw zrazrcw ocwanbw arm`bnpscw"Wneskc| k„ìicgtnab+ wneskc| k„èntnî+ wneskc|+ wneskc|+wneskc|+ g`r z`rtast aþ yasw nrc| yasw trasycrc| sbgfncb dc m`rdc psn wc zawc cb m`rdncb dc k„Ardrc+ dcwtr`dntnabw+ dc k` b`tnab+ ds eadc dc ync ê k` Ir`bí`nwc+ct psn w„`y`bgc ycrw sb basyc`s ycbs+ `ggaez`mbî dcmadnkkatw w`bw gasnkkcw bn gcryckkc+ bab zasr ksn wasf`n%tcr k` oncbycbsc+ e`nw zasr kc rcbnikcr ct k„`swgsktcr+zasr yanr ê psckkc cwzægc nk `zz`rtncbt 8 g`r zasr kcw`bne`sv+ psngabpsc b„`zz`rtncbt ê `sgsbc cwzægc rc%

gabbsc b„cvnwtc z`w+ psngabpsc b„`zz`rtncbt ê `sgsbmraszc bc dant z`w cvnwtcr &bc z`w ìtrc e`rnî+ bc z`w`yanr d„ ¨ ènw ¸+ ìtrc sb waknt`nrc… g„cwt bc z`w `yanrct bc z`w ìtrc gc ps„nk i`st zasr nbtîmrcr sb mraszc+wagnît`k gaezrnw+ g„cwt dabg ìtrc nb`zzrazrnî+ nb`d`ztî+gabtrc%b`tsrc+ ct dabg ê rclctcr 8 g„cwt `swwn zrnentni

ct wnezkc psc kc zramrèec ecbt`k psn rîmnt ‗ k`rck`tnab wcvsckkc cbtrc ‗ kcw eïkcw ct kcw iceckkcw dck„cwzægc en%fse`nbc." I`gc ê gc mcbrc dc gfncb fse`nb‗ psn wc wcbt zrnyî dc wcw gasnkkcw w„nk b„` z`w wasw wcwz`ttcw dcw wasenw dabt nk zcst rîmcbtcr k` ync ‗+`mnwwc| gaeec i`gc ê sb gfncb g`bnb+ zasr k„è`dascr+

karwpsc yasw yasw ò`nwwc| ê wneskcr sb òancecbt ‗



0=6

zasr icnbdrc dc z`rkcr wab k`bm`mc ‗+ cb zasww`bt dcw¨ }asì+ }asì ¸+ ct cb ksn tcbd`bt îycbtsckkcecbt sbc

w`sgnwwc" Yasw w`yc|+ gaeec `ycg sb gf`t i`rasgfc+karwpsc yasw zaswwc| sb mcbtnk ¨ enàs ¸+ sb kcsrrczasr wneskcr k` wnenkntsdc" Gf`rec| k„`bne`k fse`nb cbksn i`nw`bt dcw zrazawntnabw 8 yasw inbnrc| oncb z`r cbtrasycr sbc psn yasw zcrecttr` dc eabb`~cr yatrcnbtîmr`tnab < ¨ Ts ycsv sbc gnm`rcttc 1 ¸+ ¨ lc t„aiircsb ycrrc ! ¸ Ct zcbwc| < ¨ Oc`s kc gfncb ¸+ ¨ mcbtnk kcgfncb ¸" Ct ksn zcbwcr` < ¨ @f+ í` y` ! nk isec+ gaeecean ¸+ ¨ `f+ í` y` ! nk oant ds z`wtnw &dc k` onærc+ ds ynb.+gaeec ean ¸" Cgastc|%kc mk`znr < ¨ ]asì+ }asì ! Ean l„`n rcm`rdî kc e`tgf dc iaat ! ¸ Ct mk`znwwc| gaeecksn < ¨ ]asì+ }asì ! Ean `swwn l„`n rcm`rdî kc e`tgfdc iaat ! ¸ Nk wc rîlasnr` < ¨ @f+ í` y`+ nk ` kcw eìecw

maøtw psc ean ! @f+ í` y`+ nk cwt gaeec ean ! ¸ Wn yaswb„`mnwwc| z`w `nbwn+ kcw gfncbw dc m`rdc dcw o`wwcw%gasrw ct dcw traszc`sv òancrabt < ¨ Mrrrr ! ]asì+}asì ! Gcksn%kê b„cwt z`w gaeec basw" Nk i`st kcrciaskcr" ¸Gck` w„`zzckkc ds drcww`mc+ e`nw kcw `bne`sv `zzckkcbt

í` dc k` gabynyn`kntî 8 k` gabynyn`kntî dcw mcbw gnynknwîw+rîmnw z`r sbc gsktsrc ct sb `rt dc ynyrc wazfnwtnpsîw"&G„cwt k` e`bnicwt`tnab d„sbc zw~gfaz`tfakamnc zrazrc êgcsv psn bc iswnabbcbt z`w ct bc rîwabbcbt z`w `ycg kìkarc ct k` i`sbc+ gaeec `ycg kc Tast < k„îmagcbtrnwec+psn zrcbd k` iarec dc k„ctfbagcbtrnwec" G„cwt sbc

e`k`dnc ecbt`kc gaeec sbc g`t`r`gtc dcw ~csv dc



0=>

k„cwzrnt+ psn rîdsnt kc gfèz dc ynwnab cb i`nw`bt tastrcm`rdcr ê tr`ycrw wan ct sbnpscecbt wan+ psn gfcrgfc ê

tast gabiarecr ê gcttc ynwnab rcwtrcnbtc ct `ktîrîc dsTast+ dc k` rî`kntî 8 as gaeecbt ynyrc ‗ `rtningnckkc%ecbt ‗ cbtrc wan ‗ ps`bd tast kc eabdc b„` ps„sbc wcskccbync < ¨ wc oasiicr k` mscskc ¸ ‗" Kc gabwcnk psn dcyr`ntìtrc dabbî `sv neenmrîw ds eabdc cbtncr cwt dabggcksn%gn < gaezartc|%yasw gaeec sb enranr 8 rcikîtc|gc psc k„`strc yant cb ksn ps`bd nk wc rcm`rdc d`bw sbenranr 8 i`ntcw gaeec kcw ycbdcsrw ds gaeecrgc as dck` zakntnpsc+ rcbgfîrnwwc| wsr gc psc dnt kc gkncbt+ik`ttc|%kc+ wa~c| gaeec ê wab gfcyct+ `ttcbtni ê ksn+ êw` zctntc zcrwabbc+ bc kc gabtrcdnwc| z`w" E`nw g„cwt sbgabwcnk psn cwt zksw i`gnkc ê dabbcr ps„ê `zzknpscrfònkcecbt 8 ps`bd tast kc eabdc dcyncbt sbc zstc psn

wc ycbd+ tast kc eabdc gabb`ât kcw ingckkcw zasr ycbdrcdc k` zstc+ ct zksw zcrwabbc bc wc k`nwwc òswcr z`r kcwzstcw90".Wn yasw b„`yc| z`w k` eìec gabgcztnab dc k` gabynyn`%kntî+ g„cwt psc yasw b„ìtcw z`w gabynyn`sv 8 wn yaswb„`yc| z`w ocwanb d„nbtcreîdn`nrc &cb k„aggsrrcbgc d„sb

ycrrc d„`kgaak as d„sbc gnm`rcttc. zasr z`rt`mcr sb

90 @ eîdntcr z`r gcsv psn rcbyancbt kcw gfôecsrw ycrw k„`sta%cbtrczrcb`rn`t < dcw enkknabw dc zctntw cbtrczrcbcsrw+ gck` dabbcdcw enkknabw dc zcrwabbcw `ycrtncw dcw ras`mcw ds W~wtæec+ dcwenkknabw dc mcbw psn bc wabt zksw dszcw dc gcrt`nbw dnwgasrw ct

zksw ds tast gkncbtw dc gcrt`nbw zradsntw ‗ psn iabt k` iartsbc ctkc zasyanr dcw esktnb`tnab`kcw ‗"



06:

eaecbt dc ync &g„cwt%ê%dnrc wn yasw iabgtnabbc| gaeeckcw lcsbcw cbi`btw+ ct bab gaeec kcw `dsktcw+ zasr psn

tast z`wwc z`r kc zasyanr ct k„`rmcbt+ k` wîdsgtnab ct k`garrsztnab+ kc wszzart e`tîrnck ct kc rîwc`s wagn`k.g„cwt psc yasw b„ìtcw z`w gabynyn`sv &gaeec kc wabt kcwmcbw dc wagnîtî+ psn wabt kc zksw wasycbt dcw zstcw+ `seanbw z`r k` ecbt`kntî+ wn gc b„cwt z`r kc ycroc ct kcwzragîdîw."&Gcw mcbw wabt gaeec kcw t~zcw psn iabt dcw `y`bgcw êsbc iceec+ ct psn k` ynakcbt wn ckkc wc rciswc ê csv+ cbk„`ggsw`bt cbwsntc+ zasr wc dnwgskzcr+ dc kcw `yanrzrayapsîw &dc bc z`w w„ìtrc gabiareîc ê gc psn kcsr`sr`nt zks+ zasr kcw gabiartcr d`bw kcsr ndcbtntî+ zasr`wwcanr kcsr wt`tst+ zasr kcsr w`tnwi`gtnab zcrwabbckkc."Gc wabt kcw eìecw zrnentniw îmagcbtrnpscw &psn wc

trasycbt gfc| yasw. psn wc wcbtcbt ycvîw+ dîwfabarîw+nbwsktîw+ wn yasw rciswc| dc i`nrc gc ps„nkw ycskcbt+gaeec oanrc gc ps„nkw oanycbt as e`bmcr gc ps„nkwe`bmcbt" K` gabynyn`kntî+ g„cwt gaeec k` eadc <`zzrîgnòkc wn gck` bc rckæyc z`w d„sb dnht`t" E`nw gck`+gcw mcbw bc kc gaezrcbbcbt z`w ct bc k„`decttcbt z`w+

z`rgc ps„nk i`st ìtrc yîrntòkcecbt dîeagr`tc ctrîzsokng`nb zasr kc gaezrcbdrc" W„nkw abt ocwanb dc¨ z`rt`mcr ¸ sb rcz`w as sbc oanwwab+ g„cwt d„sbc z`rtzasr bc z`w wc wcbtnr wcskw+ d„`strc z`rt z`rgc ps„cbrî`kntî nkw abt ocwanb dc wc rcikîtcr d`bw k„@strc zasrkc rcgabb`âtrc ct bc z`w ksn ìtrc fawtnkc 8 wsrtast d`bw



060

sb eaecbt psn cwt wcen%nbtnec z`r k„asycrtsrc osgg`kcds garzw zasr ~ i`nrc zîbîtrcr sb garzw îtr`bmcr"

L„cwzærc psc yasw gaezrcbc| oncb+ kcw iceecw < ps`bdsb faeec yasw ynakc+ nk bc gfcrgfc z`w ê yasw wasect%trc+ nk bc gfcrgfc z`w ê yasw dîtrsnrc zw~gfakamnpsc%ecbt ‗ zasr wc mr`bdnr wsr yatrc daw ‗… nk bc ycst pscyatrc oncb" Nk ycst yasw nbtîmrcr d`bw wab garzw ê ksn+d`bw wab cwz`gc ynt`k 8 zasr yasw `necr" Nk ycstz`rt`mcr `ycg yasw wab eadc dc ync+ wab garzw+ wabnbtnentî+ w` wcvs`kntî+ ps„nk tncbt e`bnicwtcecbt zasry`kcsrcsv".Tckkc cwt k` iabgtnab d„sb wasrnrc+ d„sbc zanmbîc dce`nb as d„sbc onwc &~ gaezrnw `s wcnb ds gaszkc ct dc kìènkkc+ wasw zcnbc dc e`rpscr kc dîost dc ir`bgfcwfawtnkntîw. < bcstr`knwcr eaecbt`bîecbt k„fawtnkntî

b`tnyc dcw oìtcw zrne`nrcw 8 z`rgc psc psngabpsczîbætrc d`bw k„cwz`gc ynt`k dcw oìtcw &gcksn ps„ckkcwcwtnecbt ìtrc kc kcsr. dant eabtrcr z`ttc ok`bgfc+dîgknbcr wab ndcbtntî+ o`nwwcr k` tìtc+ kîgfcr kcwz`ttcw+ kcycr k` pscsc ct eabtrcr wab `bsw cb wnmbc dcwasenwwnab+ i`stc dc psan kcw oìtcw tasrbcbt `stasr dc

k„nbtrsw ‗ cb psn ckkcw yancbt sb rny`k ct sbc ecb`gc ‗ ctkc f`rgækcbt zasr ps„nk ecttc wcw cbtr`nkkcw ê bs9?"

9? Kcw gaeesbnwtcw dnwcbt ¨ gè`r`dc ¸+ kcw Eswske`bw dnwcbt¨ eab irærc "Kcw Eswske`bw ecttcbt k` e`nb wsr kc gŗsr zasr wnmbnincr ps„nkw

zartcbt d`bw kcsr gŗsr gcksn dabt nkw wcrrcbt k` e`nb" Ab wcdce`bdcr` ê psan oab wcrrcr k` e`nb dc gcksn psc k„ab bc zartc



06?

&Ab zasrr`nt w„èswcr ê îgrnrc k„`kmarntfec dszramrèec wagn`k psn rîmnt kc ecbt`k dcw aynbw fse`nbw

&kc gcryc`s zrnentni psn dîtcrenbc kcsr gaezartcecbt`bne`k cb k„òwcbgc d„cwzrnt fse`nb.+ psn zasrr`nt ìtrcgcksn d„sb `bdraádc 8 z`r cvcezkc k` z`rtnc psn rîmnt sbcrcbgabtrc ‗ wcvsckkc as bab+ kc ba~`s ds zramrèeccwt gaeesb ‗+ psn z`wwc z`r sb nbtcreîdn`nrc <k„aiir`bdc"

W~wtæec dc dîicbwc cb `kcrtc dc bnyc`s : < _ncb ÊWnmb`kcr"Cbtrîc < aolct `bneî bab ndcbtninî d`bw kc gfèz dcynwnabk„cwz`gc ynt`k"W~wtæec dc dîicbwc cb `kcrtc dc bnyc`s 0 < ndcbtnincrk„nbtrsw"

Wartnc < dce`bdcr wab ndcbtnin`bt ê k„nbtrsw" @ttcbdrcb wcgabdcw"Cbtrîc < k„nbtrsw rciswc dc w„ndcbtnincr"W~wtæec dc dîicbwc cb `kcrtc dc bnyc`s 0 < rîntîrcr k`dce`bdc" @ttcbdrc b wcgabdcw"Cbtrîc < k„nbtrsw rciswc dc w„ndcbtnincr"

W~wtæec dc dîicbwc cb `kcrtc dc bnyc`s ? < mabikcr kctarwc+ irabgcr kcw wasrgnkw+ kcycr kc tab dc k` yanv"W~wtæec dc wsnyn ynwsck ycrrasnkkî" Enwc wasw tcbwnabds w~wtæec eswgsk`nrc" Nblcgtcsr d„`drîb`knbc `gtnyî"

e`bnicwtcecbt z`w d`bw wab gŗsr ps`bd ab bc ect z`w w` e`nb wsr

kc gŗsr 8 e`nw k„cwwcbtnck b„cwt z`w kê+ k„cwwcbtnck cwt d„ìtrc dszcct dc i`nrc wceok`bt"



067

&Cbtrîc ds gnrgsnt dc gabtrôkc wae`tnpsc < w~wtæecbcrycsv cb wsrtcbwnab+ iabtc d„sb iswnokc neenbcbtc"

Wartnc ds gnrgsnt dc gabtrôkc wae`tnpsc < nbtradsnrcsbc gnm`rcttc d`bw k` oasgfc+ `kksecr k` gnm`rcttc+`wznrcr k` iseîc ê k` irîpscbgc dc sbc z`r dcen%enbstc"Cbtrîc ds gnrgsnt dc gabtrôkc wae`tnpsc < tcbwnab`rtîrnckkc wtònknwîc wasw kc wcsnk grntnpsc ct e`nbtcbsc`s bnyc`s ds wcsnk d„`kcrtc"Wartnc ds gnrgsnt dc gabtrôkc wae`tnpsc < ycrrasnkkcr kìrîpscbgc d„`wznr`tnab ê sbc oasiiîc z`r dcen%enbstc".Cbtrîc < k„nbdnynds asyrc k` oasgfc zasr z`rkcrWartnc < zrazawcr sbc gnm`rcttc ê k„nbtrsw" @ttcbdrc bwcgabdcw"

Cbtrîc < ecww`mc dc rcisw"Wartnc < zrazawcr sbc oanwwab" @ttcbdrc b wcgabdcw"Cbtrîc < ecww`mc dc rcisw"&Cbtrîc ds gnrgsnt d„`b`k~wc ecbt`kc < @b`k~wcrk„ndcbtntî dc k„nbtrsw"Wartnc ds gnrgsnt d„`b`k~wc ecbt`kc < Ndcbtntî îtr`b%

mærc".W~wtæec dc dîicbwc cb `kcrtc dc bnyc`s 7 < D`bmcrneenbcbt !Cbtrîc < k„nbtrsw cwt ecb`í`bt ct datî d„sbc iargc dcir`zzc wszîrncsrc"Wartnc < zrcbdrc wcw lèocw ê wab gas".

Yasw w`yc| gc psc yasw `yc| ê i`nrc…



064

E`nw `ttcbtnab+ gc bc wcr` z`w kc eaecbt dc wasiikcr !Yasw dcyrc| zîrnadnpscecbt kcsr mknwwcr sbc gnm`rcttc

&sb gnm`rc. d`bw k„`bsw ct kcsr nblcgtcr sbc dawcd„`kgaak d`bw kcw ycnbcw+ wasw zcnbc dc kcw yanrrcdcycbnr fawtnkcw+ `mrcwwniw+ e`kycnkk`btw+ ockknpscsv+eîdnw`btw" Ocb asn ! ¨ Kcsr mknwwcr ¸+ ¨ kcsr nblcgtcr ¸…kc zctnt gfci dc mraszc+ wcw w`bw gasnkkcw ct wcw w`bwgcryckkc 8 í` y` taslasrw z`r ecstc+ gcw `bne`sv%kê"Nk i`sdr` cb astrc rcbasyckcr k` gîrîeabnc dc daecw%tng`tnab `ycg tasw gcsv psc yasw irîpscbtcrc| d`bwsbc wnts`tnab basyckkc 8 z`rgc psc zasr csv+ yasw ìtcwdcw znkkcsrw+ dcw z`r`wntcw+ dcw zraintcsrw psn yncbbcbte`bmcr kc z`nb dcw Ir`bí`nw cb ynak`bt kcsrw inkkcw ctkcsrw gaez`mbcw… yasw dcyc| dabg eabtrcr psc yaswb„ìtcw z`w wcskcecbt ngn zasr yakcr k` Ir`bgc ct kcw

Ir`bí`nw+ e`nw `swwn zasr `zzartcr sb zctnt psckpscgfawc 8 wn gc b„cwt k` zrawzîrntî+ `s eanbw sbc gnm`rcttcas sb ycrrc d„`kgaak" Dabbc|%kcsr dcw m`mcw dc oabbcyakabtî 8 eìec wn gck` bc wsiinr` lè`nw"Batc| psc yasw dcyrc| `mnr `nbwn `ycg kcw `bne`sv dceìec wcvc psc yasw" Gc b„cwt z`w bîgcww`nrc `ycg

k„`strc wcvc" K„`strc wcvc bc yasw `tt`pscr` z`w dcirabt+ nk kc icr` wasrbanwcecbt+ z`r k„cbtrcenwc dcgcsv+ as gckkcw+ psn wabt dc yatrc wcvc+ cb kcsr¨ oasrr`bt kc gfas¸ wsr yatrc gaeztc 8 cbgarc psc+ kcwiceckkcw csrazîcbbcw bîa%iîenbnwtcw+ `rònwîcw ctìra%èîrng`bnwîcw+ dcyncbbcbt mr`bdcw mscskcw ct

rcbtrc%dcd`bw+ gaeec kcw eïkcw+ z`rgc psc i`gc ê sbc



063

f~wtîrnpsc+ nk b„~ ` zksw psc k` iargc psn y`nkkc+ g„cwt%ê%dnrc kcw dîr`z`mcw zawwnokcw psn zcsycbt `kkcr kanb cb

tcrec dc grnec ct dc gabdèb`tnab+ gc psc k` zksz`rtdcw mcbw rîikîgfnw ycskcbt îyntcr"Í` y` 1 k„`wwceokîc ! Zcrwabbc bc i`nt dc w~bgazc 1Yasw yasw wasyncbdrc| 1 ¨ ]asì+ }asì" Enàs" Tsycsv sbc gnm`rcttc 1 Lc t„aiirc sb ycrrc ! 97

Dc wsrgraât… Cf bab+ gc b„cwt z`w tast ! Psc gra~c|%yasw 1 K` Ir`bgc+ g„cwt gaeec kc zn`ba < ckkc cwt i`gnkcd„`zzragfc+ nk cwt `nwî d„~ ecttrc wcw zrcencrw danmtw+e`nw ~ ìtrc sb ran dce`bdc dc k„ciiart ct ds danmtî"Ab z`rkc oc`sgasz+ cb Ir`bgc+ ab kîmniærc+ ab cwzærc+

ab tcezærc+ e`nw ab i`nt oc`sgasz eanbw" L„cwzærczasr yasw psc yasw `nec| k` o`b`bc `s g`rèck+ `strc%ecbt yasw `src| ds e`k ê wszzartcr kc _îmnec dc kÒ`b`bc ct dc k` G`bbc ê wsgrc" Wn yasw ìtcw dîlê

97 Ps`bd kcw ead`kntîw dc k` gabynyn`kntî zazsk`nrc `srabt îtî

îr`dnpsîcw z`r k„nbtcrdngtnab ds tò`g ct dc k„`kgaak &zasr wòatcrkcw kncbw tr`dntnabbckw+ dnynwcr k` zazsk`tnab+ k„cezìgfcr dc wc rîsbnr+dc wc gabgcrtcr+ d„îgf`bmcr dcw ndîcw+ dcw nbiare`tnabw+ dcwzk`bw d„`gtnab.+ nk rcwtcr` k` gabynyn`kntî ê k` eadc nbtîmrnwtc cttat`knt`nrc 8 z`rgc ps„nk b„~ `sr` zksw dc tcezw ct zksw d„`rmcbt zasrkcw kanwnrw ct kcw wartncw cbtrc ènw+ psn wcrabt+ zksw psc lè`nw+ êgaeztcr wsr kcw danmtw d„sbc e`nb" Nk i`sdr` ¨ rcecrgncr ¸ kcw

`kgaaknpscw psn `srabt yskm`rnwî kcw oanwwabw `kgaaknwîcw 8 `s zanbtdc kcw rcbdrc eartckkcw ct dc kcw i`nrc zrafnocr"



069

i`tnmsîw dc e„cbtcbdrc z`rkcr+ gc wcr` zîbnokc zasryasw+ dc ynyrc cb Ir`bgc ct d„cbtcbdrc k„`wwasrdnww`bt

orsnt dc iabd+ psn i`nt < mkasg%mkasg%mkasg+ zast%zast%zast+ gat%gat%gat+ g`b%g`b%g`b" Znrc ps„`s enkncs dc k`bsnt sb raonbct psn isnt+ g„cwt k` masttc dc znzn dcwyskycw ct dcw zîbnw z`w gnrgabgnw 8 ct dc gcsv ê psn kctr`se`tnwec dc k` gnrgabgnwnab b„` z`w gaszî k` k`bmscbn r`y`mî kc gcryc`s… Dc z`r yatrc arnmnbc+ dnw`nw%lc+yasw rnwpsc| d„ìtrc gabirabtîw ê sb zfîbaeæbc rîgsr%rcbt < k„aowcwwnab dc k` gnrgabgnwnab psn ìicgtc sbgcrt`nb baeorc dc Ir`bí`nw ct dc Ir`bga%csrazîcbw 8tcrrarnwîw ps„nkw wabt+ z`r kcw `dcztcw dc gcttc estnk`%tnab" Ps`bd nkw yasw rcm`rdcrabt &ps`bd nkw awcrabt.+nkw ycrrabt dcw oìtcw fnrwstcw or`bdnww`bt sb gastc`sd„îmarmcsr+ nkw ycrrabt dcw gaszcsrw dc ycrmcw 8

e`sy`nw wasycbnr d„sbc gcrt`nbc mscrrc+ zasr gcrt`nbw"W`gfc|%kc+ gcrt`nbw Ir`bí`nw yasw rcm`rdcrabt `ycgdcw ~csv eîin`btw ct gr`nbtniw+ `ycg z`rianw sbcgcrt`nbc îzasy`btc 8 yasw w`yc|+ gaeec kcw Z~meîcwpsn+ dîgasyr`bt sb Ok`bg+ grancbt yanr sb dnòkc as sbeart rcycbs d„astrc%taeoc" Nkw rcm`rdcrabt yaw e`nbw

cb `zzrîfcbd`bt d„~ yanr sb gastc`s 8 as dcw e`nbwgragfscw dc yakcsrw" Cyntc| dabg dc gaeecttrc dcwmcwtcw orswpscw `ycg yaw e`nbw 8 k`nwwc|%kcsr kc tcezwdc yasw yanr ycbnr &nkw wabt wsr kcsr bs`mc wagn`knwtc cbzksw d„ìtrc mîbîr`kcecbt wasw cezrnwc d„`kgaak+ dcg`bbònw as dc zw~gfatrazc zf`re`gcstnpsc." D`bw



06=

k„cwzrnt ds Ir`bí`nw dc k` Y`wc+ nk ~ `y`nt kc Lsni gròc+nk ~ ` k„@ròc znbgc"

Yasw w`yc|… k` Ir`bgc+ g„cwt kc z`~w `sv ?49 irae`%mcw… kc z`~w `sv dn|`nbcw dc enkknabw dc mraw gabw psndîok`tærcbt wsr k„f~mnæbc dcw neenmrîw ds Wsd ct dck„Cwt+ bab w`bw r`nwab+ e`nw w`bw gabgcyanr psc kcwIr`bí`nw wabt `swwn `s Wsd ct ê k„Cwt+ cb k„aggsrrcbgcdcw b`tsrnwtcw bardnpscw ct dcw f~mnîbnwtcw bard%èîrng`nbw 8 z`rgc psc g„cwt ê gcksn psn wc icr` z`wwcrzasr kc zksw oc`s+ kc zksw iart+ kc zksw zrazrc+ kc zkswnbtckknmcbt… orci+ gcksn &kc zcszkc. psn eîrntc k` zk`gcds gfci &dc daenb`bt. z`rgc ps„nk w`nt tast i`nrc encsvpsc tast kc eabdc94"&Nk cwt sb i`nt psc+ batèecbt+ kcw @irng`nbw ds wsd ctds Bard+ wabt ìicgtîw dc e`sv gaeec dc e`k`dncw

nbgabbscw dc k` Ir`bgc &d„Csrazc+ d„Aggndcbt." Nk cwtsb `strc i`nt psc k` Ir`bgc &k„Csrazc+ k„Aggndcbt.cvzartc wcw e`k`dncw ct wcw ikî`sv+ cb @irnpsc batè%ecbt 8 z`r cvzart`tnab dc wab eadc dc ync ‗ eadcrbc ‗&ct dc wc zawcr `karw k` pscwtnab < ps„cwt%gc psc kczramræw 1.93" Cb k„aggsrrcbgc kcw e`k`dncw gfrabnpscw

94 Ab rctrasyc gcttc ecbt`kntî `rg%oastîc gfc| kcw Lsniw &Eswsk%e`bw. psn rciswcbt dc rcycbnr wsr kcsr zr`tnpsc dc k` gnrgabgnwnabz`rgc ps„nkw rciswcbt dc rcgcyanr sbc kcíab d„fse`bntî+ gaeec dcgcgn ct dc gck`+ g`r gck` rcyncbdr`nt ê ò`bdabbcr k` zk`gc dcKsenærcw ds eabdc ps„nkw èontnabbcbt ct ps„nkw wc gabicgtnabbcbt`ycg dc k` zasdrc `sv ~csv+ dc k` zraz`m`bdc+ ct dc k` kcwwnyc ê

k`ycr kcw gcryc`sv+ zasr rîmbcr wsr Tcrrc"93 ¨ Sb yr`n zramræw < ds k`nt zasr kcw ìrng`nbw ! ¸

http://www.lanutrition.fr/communaute/opinions/editorial/un-vrai-progres-du-lait-pour-les-africains.html

http://www.lanutrition.fr/communaute/opinions/editorial/un-vrai-progres-du-lait-pour-les-africains.html



066

ct bcsra%dîmîbîr`tnycw &@k|fcnecr+ Z`rhnbwab.+ kcwe`k`dncw g`rdna%y`wgsk`nrcw+ kc dnòætc+ k„aoîwntî+ kc

g`bgcr+ ctg"99

@lastabw psc wn kcw e`k`dncw nbicgtncswcw dc k„nbw`ks%orntî abt dnwz`rs dc Ir`bgc+ ~ `zz`r`nwwcbt kcw nbicg%tnabw esktn%rîwnwt`btcw dscw ê k„f~mnîbnwec aowcwwnab%bck ‗ `btnonatnpsc ~ gaezrnw ‗ 8 astrc k` tsocrgskawc dck` basyckkc z`syrctî".Dcw dn|`nbcw dc enkknabw dc eîdnagrcw zstcw psn b„abtz`w trasyî d„`strc ea~cb zasr bc z`w ìtrc enw cbgabgsrrcbgc `ycg kcw îtr`bmcrw psc dc kcw `ggswcr dcyakcr 8 yakcr kcsr tr`y`nk+ yakcr kcsr z`nb+ yakcr kcsrwiceecw+ yakcr kcsrw oncbw+ yakcr kcsr oabfcsr+ yakcrkcsr z`~w+ yakcr kcsr fîrnt`mc+ yakcr kcsr `ycbnr+ yakcrkcsr fnwtanrc" K` gasgfc banrc+ mks`btc ct e`kadar`btc

psn mrawwnt ê ysc d„ŗnk ct psn yasw zrcbdr` ê k` marmc+gc b„cwt z`w ds zîtrakc+ g„cwt dc k` y`wc" K` Ir`bgc b„`z`w dc zîtrakc 8 as wn zcs" Bc gabiabdc| z`w" K` y`wcbc zradsnt z`w dc ksenærc" Kcw Ir`bí`nw dc k` Y`wc wabtok`bgw ct z`riseîw ê k„cvtîrncsr+ e`nw banrw ct b`swî`%

¨ I`nrc oanrc ds k`nt `sv @irng`nbw < = enkknabw d„`bbîcw d„îyakstnabb„~ ît`ncbt z`w z`rycbs" E`nw âzk`nt ct kcw o`bpsncrw d„ìi`nrcwabt dîgndî dc garrnmcr gcttc `bae`knc" ¸fttz<}}}"k`bstrntnab"irgaeesb`stcaznbnabwcdntarn`ksb%yr`n%zramrcw%ds%k`nt%zasr%kcw%ìrng`nbw"ftek 99 ¨ Kc kncb cbtrc batrc `knecbt`tnab ct kcw e`k`dncw `gtsckkcw <e`bmc| gaeec sb /gf`wwcsr%gscnkkcsr/ ! ¸

_cysc Bîa W`btî+ Lsnb ?:00fttz<}}}"bcaw`btc"cs1z50>47

http://www.neosante.eu/?p=1943



06>

oabdw ê k„nbtîrncsr 8 nkw b„`necbt z`w kcw Banrw ct kcwE`rrab+ e`nw csv+ ê k„nbtîrncsr+ wabt e`rrab ct iabgîw"

G„cwt `swwn í`+ k` Ir`bgc"@karw+ bc yasw îtabbc| z`w wn sb z~meîc ds Bard îkcyîgaeec wcw wŗsrw yasw wniikc psatndncbbcecbt+ z`rw`dnwec as zrayag`tnab+ kc eat ¨ gnrgabgnwnab ¸ d`bwkcw arcnkkcw &gaeec t`bt d„`strcw `kkswnabw+ z`rianw`ggaez`mbîcw d„sb rcm`rd nbdnrcgt+ `ycg as w`bw k`gaezkngntî d„sbc nbinrenærc+ cb ìinre`bt psc ¨ ~„cb `psn bc ycskcbt z`w tr`y`nkkcr+ í` wc yant ¸9= &g„cwt gcpsc e„` dnt kc gfncb Psnbta+ g„cwt gc psc ksn `srabt dntkcw gfncbw _arambn`nw psn+ bc wszzart`bt z`w dc bc z`wyasw `yanr ê k„ŗnk+ yasw zrîwcbtcrabt gaeec dcw mcbwpsn bc tr`y`nkkcbt z`w z`rgc ps„nkw bc kc ycskcbt z`w+ `sv ~csv dc tasw gcsv psn yncbdrabt kcw nbtcrramcr ê yatrc

wslct+ zasr w`yanr gc psc yasw `yc| i`nt `y`bt ps„nkwyasw rcbgabtrcbt+ wn yasw fòntc| sb ps`rtncr e`kièî+wn yasw `yc| dcw irîpscbt`tnabw dc yakcsrw ct dcdc`kcrw+ ps`bd nkw bc yasdrabt z`w w`yanr `ycg psn yasw`yc| iknrtî+ gaeecbt cwt yatrc ontc+ gc ps„ckkc y`st `sknt+ ct wn yasw yasw ìtcw dîlê i`nt wadaenwcr.96+ `s kncs

9= ^„cb ` psn ycskcbt wc i`nrc dîeabtcr k` mscskc &g`wwcr kc gsk.+ í`wc yant"96 Gc psn cwt wør+ g„cwt psc tast kc eabdc `necr`nt zasyanr tr`%y`nkkcr gaeec cb gc kncsv aþ gcrt`nb%c%w b„abt rncb d„`strc ê i`nrcpsc dc o`y`wwcr wsr kc wcvc ct kcw eŗsrw dcw wt`mn`nrcw+ g`r nkwb„`sr`ncbt z`w ocwanb dc darenr cb inb dc lasrbîc+ z`w ocwanb dc

wc dnycrtnr zasr dîgaezrcwwcr+ ct z`w ocwanb dc z`rtnr cby`g`bgcw zasr wc zrîk`wwcr"



0>:

dc dnrc psc gcrt`nbw zrîiærcbt ìtrc d`bw kc dîbscecbtzkstôt psc d„cbdsrcr kcw nbgcww`btw `ww`stw nbiîrnarn%

w`bt ct fsenkn`btw dcw rczasww`btw r`gn`knwtcw ctr`gnwtcw Ir`bí`nw dc k` Y`wc 8 k` ynkcbnc `kk`bt+ wsny`btk` zrîwcbt`tnab dcw gfawcw+ `sv sbw as `sv `strcw."G„cwt wab aowcwwnab 8 ê ksn gaeec ê t`bt d„`strcw+ psn wciabt cbtr`âbcr d`bw kc pscwtnabbcecbt cvnwtcbtnck dcwaowîdîw dc k` ontc estnkîc &ksn cb z`rkc e`kngncswc%ecbt9>+ kcw `strcw nbdnrcgtcecbt+ cb k„ceo`kk`bt d`bwkcsr ctfbagcbtrnwec r`gnaka%r`gnwtc." Zasr ksn+ tastwcr` zrîtcvtc ê i`nrc z`rkcr dc ¨ í` ¸+ lasr `zræw lasr+eanw `zræw eanw" Lc bc mrawwnw z`w kc tr`nt 8 gra~c|%ean ! Nk ~ ` yîrntòkcecbt sbc g`tîmarnc dc Ir`bí`nwy`wcsv psn wabt nbdîinbnecbt zcrtsroîw+ dîgabgcrtîw+tcrrarnwîw dc yanr k` Ir`bgc nbinktrîc z`r dcw gnrgabgnw+

ct dabg ecb`gîw dc wsonr gcttc estnk`tnab 8 want dc

Wn kcw iceecw zcsycbt ¨ i`nrc dasokc lasrbîc ¸+ g„cwt z`rgc psck` zrcenærc lasrbîc kcsr k`nwwc `wwc| d„îbcrmnc zasr cb i`nrc sbcwcgabdc 8 i`stc dc psan+ eìec `ycg tastc k` yakabtî ds eabdc+ckkcw bc kc zasrr`ncbt tast oabbcecbt z`w"9> K` zrîwcbt`tnab ds w`dnpsc&%`b`k. i`ntc z`r k` dastcswcdnwgnzknbc zw~gf`b`k~tnpsc wncd ê gc t~zc 8 psn enb`sdc `ycg kcwiceecw eørcw gaeec sb mraw oîoî irîtnkk`bt psn zrcbd sb zk`nwnrîyndcbt ê ìtrc gf`bmî dc k` gasgfc%gskattc &targfî+ cbdsnt dcgræec+ t`kpsî+ cbtrc rnwcttcw+ zraskaszraskaszraskas+ gf`tasnkkcwct onwasw. < ¨ Wt`dc w`dnpsc%`b`k < wcgabdc zf`wc ds dîyckazzc%ecbt wcvsck nbi`btnkc" Nk wc g`r`gtîrnwc z`r sbc arm`bnw`tnab knon%

dnb`kc wasw k` daenb`tnab dc k` |abc îramæbc `b`kc+ ct z`r sbbasyc`s t~zc dc rck`tnab < `gtni%z`wwni" ¸



0>0

iargc+ wasw kc gasz dc gcw o`ro`rcw cby`fnwwcsrw+ wantz`rgc psc kcw wsnycsrw dc easycecbtw zazsk`nrcw ps„nkw

wabt w`ycbt ps„sb easycecbt dc e`wwc zragnrgabgnwnab‗ z`r neenmr`tnab nbtcrzawîc ‗ rnwpsc dc kcw `ggskcr êk` gnrgabgnwnab &nkw wsonwwcbt dîlê kc zrawîk~tnwecicstrî as `rram`bt dcw iceecw+ ¨ psn zrîiærcbt kcwgnrgabgnw ¸ ‗ z`rgc ps„ckkcw wabt z`w+ dc gc i`nt+ ê wsonrsbc gnrgabgnwnab ‗." ¨ E`nw g„cwt psan 1 E`nw g„cwt psaní` 1 ¸ wc dce`bdcbt%nkw w`bw inb+ `swwn zcs w`tnwi`ntwdcw rîzabwcw wcry`bt fòntsckkcecbt dc zrîtcvtcwf~mnîbnpscw as cbgarc rcknmncsv psc kc wabt kcw gnrgabgnw+batèecbt lsniw+ psn z`wwcbt kcsr ync d`bw kc pscwtnab%bcecbt zw~gf`b`k~tnpsc+ gsktsrck+ zfnkawazfnpsc+ cvnw%tcbtnck+ zasr gaezrcbdrc gc psn dîz`wwc k„cbtcbdc%ecbt 8 ps`bd nkw bc w„èswcbt z`w dc w`yanr ps„nk w„`mnt

d„sbc estnk`tnab mîbnt`kc dcwtnbîc ê èanbdrnr k` knondact ê gaezraecttrc k` e`wtsro`tnab" K` Ir`bgc rciswckcw dîo`tw zsokngw îgk`nrîw wsr k` gnrgabgnwnab+ `karw kcwIr`bí`nw dc k` Y`wc w„`dabbcbt `sv aowgsr`btnwtcw cteabae`bn`pscw gaeeîr`mcw zrnyîw wsr kc wslct" K„Ct`tir`bí`nw bc ycst z`w k`nwwcr kcw Eswske`bw cbtrc kcw

e`nbw dcw `b`kzfòætcw ct dîeabn`pscw zrîdng`tcsrw+e`nw nk k`nwwc yakabtncrw kcw Ir`bí`nw cbtrc kcw e`nbwdcw nmb`rcw+ dcw zcrycrw ct dcw ecbtcsrw dc k` gnr%gabgnwnab"Nk cwt pscwtnab dc gcrgkc gnrgabwgrnt 1 @ttcbdc|%yaswê gc psc kc mr`bd cwzrnt bardnpsc rczrcbbc < ¨ Gcrgkc

gnrgabgnw ¸ &ps`bd ab cwt z`rycbsc ` gakabnwcr kc



0>?

Gabma+ ab dant oncb ìtrc g`zòkc dc i`nrc gc lcs dceatw 8 ct ean l„`n dnt ¨ bardnpsc ¸+ l„`n z`w dnt

¨ ecrdnpsc ¸." G„cwt tast gc psc ksn ct wcw gabmîbærcw`srabt rctcbs dcw eanw z`wwîw ê cbya~cr dcw oaskcttcwdc z`zncr ct ê zk`nw`btcr wsr kcw ontcw gaszîcw+ `y`btdc w„nbpsnîtcr+ tast ê k` inb ds z`rgasrw gka}bcwpsc <¨ @srabw%basw kc bnyc`s 1!1 G„cwt k` wcskc yr`nc pscw%tnab iabdècbt`kc psn w„cwt lè`nw zawîc ê basw+ ct psnrîgkèc sbc rîzabwc 8 pscwtnab dc ync as dc eart zasrdcw |aeoncw gae`tcsv neonoîw d„`kgaak ct dc g`bbònw"Cb ycrts dcw zasyanrw psn e„abt îtî gabiîrîw z`r eìabgtnab dc gf`siicsr dc w`kkc dîkîmsî dc gk`wwc+ lcdce`bdc dabg nbwtèecbt+ dc tastc srmcbgc… ¨ znzn+eè`b+ znzn ¸… sbc cbtrcysc dc grnwc `ycg kc dnrcgtcsrzasr îgk`nrcr baw k`btcrbcw dc msnmbakw eastabbncrw psn

wc wabt oncb oasrrî kc gsk &dîtcbdsw.+ oncb icbds k`mscskc &èswîw.+ ct oncb oasrrî k` mscskc &wàskîw.+gaeec ab kc kcsr ` dce`bdî+ zasr kcsr îyntcr dc wcoasiicr kc ianc &wc gfè`nkkcr+ wc l`kaswcr+ w„nbwsktcr+wc g`kaebncr+ wc eakcwtcr+ wc wòatcr estsckkcecbt kctr`y`nk+ wc yakcr kcw ìi`nrcw+ w„nbtnendcr+ wc ecb`gcr

dc eart+ w„cbya~cr ê k„fôznt`k as cb zrnwab. cb ît`btrabmîw z`r baw dniingsktîw ê ycbnr" Bab z`rgc psc kêcsf… í` i`nt bcsi eanw ps„ab i`nt dcw wartncw+ ab i`ntdcw `zîraw+ ab w„èswc oncb+ e`nw ab bc w`nt taslasrwz`w i`nrc sb g`kgsk dc ir`gtnab dc bnyc`s gnbpsnæec 8g„cwt zasrpsan kc ¨ iare`tcsr ¸ `ndcr` kcw msnmbakw ê

rîswwnr k` oardîknpsc îy`ks`tnab dc inb dc wcwwnab+ zasr



0>7

psc k„ab b„`nt z`w ê ksn dce`bdcr < ¨ E`nw ps„abt%nkw dabg`zzrnw `ycg yasw dsr`bt tast gc tcezw !1 Bcsi eanw ! ¸

Z`r gabtrc+ gc ps„ab ` gaezrnw+ `s oast dc tast gctcezw+ g„cwt ps„ngn kcw ksenærcw wabt esbncw d„sb tceza%rnw`tcsr gaszkî ê sb y`%ct%yncbt=:" Ab ` gaezrnw zasr%psan kcw dîk`nw d„`ttcbtc wabt wn kabmw zasr `yanr sbczk`gc 8 ¨ ab ¸ dnr` `karw ps„nk i`st zksw dc ea~cbw zasroncb i`nrc+ ct zksw dc tcezw `swwn+ ct eanbw dc e`sy`nwtcezw+ ct eanbw dc e`sy`nw îtsdn`btw" @nkkcsrw abdce`bdc sb g`bab ê bcnmc+ ngn ab dce`bdcr` sb zralcg%tcsr ê wakcnk" Ngn+ nk b„~ ` z`w d„îakncbbc+ e`nw ab gaeztcwsr kc Enwtr`k zasr i`nrc oasmcr kcw wt~kaw+ rcescr kcwgcryc`sv ct waskcycr kcw onwtaspscttcw" Kcw mr`bdcwmscskcw+ z`r gabtrc+ wabt `knecbtîcw cb gabtnbs 8 z`wcb gasr`bt îkcgtrnpsc+ z`w cb îbcrmnc knorc+ z`w d`y`b%

t`mc cb ksenærc dnynbc+ bab… zkstôt cb y`zcsr îtf~kn%psc" ¸G„cwt ps„nk gabb`ât sbc nbinrenærc=0+ k„ swtr`kazntfæpscwzabmncsv+ ct ckkc ksn cvzknpsc tast gc ps„ckkc yant dîin%

=: ¨ Ts `w i`nw í` 1 Ean l„`n i`nt í`" Wn ts ycsv ab îgf`bmc &í`

`kkæmcr` batrc gf`rmc dc tr`y`nk+ ab zasrr` rcbdrc kc tr`y`nkdce`bdî cb tcezw yasks+ z`rgc ps„`strcecbt ab ~ `rrnycr` z`w 8ab wc zrîk`wwc tckkcecbt ps„ab dcyr` rcbdrc kc tr`y`nk `ycg psnb|c lasrw dc rct`rd+ gaeec kc Zartsm`nw." ¸=0 Sbc dcw iceecw d„ïmc eør `s mnrab dcwpsckkcw nk w„`mmkstnbcnee`bpsòkcecbt+ `ycg k` earyc `s bc|+ zasr cb ìtrc darkatî+ìnb ps„ckkcw lascbt kc m`rdc%e`k`dc zasr ksn"

Nk dcyr`nt rctasrbcr d`bw k` gf`ttc dc w` eærc+ zasr ps„ckkc ksnrci`wwc k` mscskc"



0>4

kcr gaeec m`ríabbctw ê gaszcr ds |n|n 8 ê eanbw psc gcbc want k„nbinrenærc ds Gcbtrc+ `szræw dc k`psckkc nk cwt

`kkî îeaswtnkkcr wab `bmanwwc dc g`wtr`tnab cb ksnzaw`bt dcw pscwtnabw wsr k` gnrgabgnwnab dcw m`ríabw"Ct mîbîr`kcecbt k„nbinrenærc rîzætc gc ps„ab ksn `cbwcnmbî &¨ e`kfcsr ê gcksn psn wart ds r`bm ¸+ d`bw kcgarzw eîdng`k gaeec z`rtast `nkkcsrw. 8 gaeec k` zks%z`rt dcw mcbw+ ckkc ` traz k` tìtc d`bw kc msndab ct trazkc wcvc d`bw kc trambab zasr wc zawcr dcw pscwtnabw <í` wc i`nt zasr dcw r`nwabw eîdng`kcw+ ê g`swc dcwe`k`dncw ds zrîzsgc" @karw kc bòat ds Bard wc dnt+wtszîi`nt < ¨ Enbgc `karw ! Nkw wabt zkcnbw dc e`k`dncw+kcw mcbw ds Wsd 8 ct e`k zk`gîcw cb zksw ! Gf`psc ianwps„nk ~ ` sb zfneawnw d`bw k„`nr+ nk taeoc wsr csv !Enr`gkc as dèb`tnab 1 Í` w„`ttr`zc zcst%ìtrc `s

gabt`gt dcw mcbw ds Wsd ! Ct zsnw `karw+ ps„cwt%gcps„ckkc dîrasnkkc+ k` Wîgsrntî wagn`kc+ `ycg csv ! ¸G„cwt yr`n ps„`ycg wab dnòætc ct w` wzabmna%`rtfrntc`bh~kaw`btc &w` t`rc mîbîtnpsc.+ astrc wcw mcbasvazîrîw dcw eîbnwpscw &ct dabg oncbtôt `rtfrawnpscw.+nk w`nt gc psc í` gaøtc+ kcw tr`ntcecbtw eîdng`sv" Wab

dcwtnb ` îtî tr`gî dæw k` b`nww`bgc+ d`bw w` mscskcgfàtnpsc dc yn`bdc gf`rgstnærc < ¨ Ts wcr`w sbc swnbcdc rctr`ntcecbt dc dîgfctw zf`re`gcstnpscw+ eabzctnt gagfab ockmc" ¸ Nk bc w`sr`nt cb ìtrc `strcecbtzasr k„cwzægc dc zf`gagfærc psn bc zcst `yanr îtîgabís psc z`r granwcecbt d„sbc irntc `ycg sbc easkc"



0>3

Ps`bd wab dnòætc k„`sr` rcbds nezsnww`bt+ nk wc icr`nezk`btcr sb zîbnw cb zk`wtnpsc rat`tni" Ct ps`bd kc

eîdcgnb ksn dnr` ps„nk ` dc k„`rtfrawc+ zasr cvzknpscr kcwdaskcsrw d„sb mcbas cb ikcvnab psn lascr` dc kònwgattc îgr`wîc+ nk bc ksn rcwtcr` zksw ps„ê wc wanmbcrz`r wcw zrazrcw ea~cbw+ g„cwt%ê%dnrc `ycg gcsv dc kèîdcgnbc b`tsrckkc bab rceoasrwîc &zcbd`bt ps„ckkccwt cbgarc `starnwîc=?. 8 d„sbc z`rt z`rgc psc kceîdcgnb b„`sr` z`w mr`bd%gfawc ê ksn zrazawcr gaeectr`ntcecbt+ d„`strc z`rt z`rgc ps„nk bc w`sr` dnrc pscdcsv gfawcw+ zasr cvzknpscr kcw daskcsrw f`bdng`%z`btcw psn wc wcrabt dîgk`rîcw ct rîz`bdscw ê tastcwkcw `rtngsk`tnabw+ `zræw k` zrnwc dc wab tr`ntcecbt dciabd &o`wî wsr @rt 3:¢+ sb ¨ k`v`tni g`tf`rtnpsc`btfr`psnbabnpsc ¸ stnknwî d`bw kcw `bbîcw 3: ê =:+

rcg~gkî cb ¨ tr`ntcecbt w~eztae`tnpsc dcw e`bnicw%t`tnabw iabgtnabbckkcw dc k„`rtfrawc ¸… sb zradsnt psn è`bnicwtcecbt sbc zrazrnîtî+ gckkc d„cbdakarnr kcw`rtngsk`tnabw ct dc zrîgnzntcr k` dîmr`d`tnab dcw g`rtn%

=? ¨ Wg`bd`kc Ocrb`rd Gfrnwtazfc < @dncs kcw knocrtîw+ `dncs zra%dsntw b`tsrckw+ zk`btcw eîdngnb`kcw+ faeîaz`tfnc+ zf~ta%`rae`%tfîr`znc+ gaezkîecbtw `knecbt`nrcw ct kc rcwtc ¸fttz<}}}"w~kyncwneabrcyck`tnabw"gae`rtngkc%`dncs%kcw%knocrtcw%k`%eceanrc%gakkcgtnyc%dc%baw%`bgncbw%`dncs%zradsntw%b`tsrckw%zk`btcw%ecdngnb`k%>>=94>4="ftek&Nbiare`tnab yskm`rnwîc dc wcbwnonknw`tnab+ ê gabirabtcr `ycg kcw

cvzkng`tnabw dcw wgncbtninpscw bcstrcw+ w„nk w„cb trasyc+ zasrw„îz`rmbcr k„îycbtsck e`bpsc dc rnmscsr wcbw`tnabb`knwtc".

http://www.sylviesimonrevelations.com/article-adieu-les-libertes-la-memoire-collective-de-nos-anciens-adieu-produits-naturels-plantes-medicinal-99764947.html





0>9

k`mcw=7. < ¨ G„cwt z`w zawwnokc… Bab+ g„cwt z`w zawwn%okc" ¸

&Wasd`nbc `bmanwwc `zz`rcbtc ct psn cb dnt kabm < ¨ Lcrciswc dc rcgabb`âtrc sbc rcwzabwònkntî psn zasrr`ntec y`kanr sb zragæw" ¸Kc z`tncbt dîgrnt kcw ciictw wcgabd`nrcw dc e`bnærcwsny`btc < ¨ Dæw kc zrcencr lasr dc tr`ntcecbt+ l„`ngaeecbgî ê `yanr e`k `s mcbas m`sgfc+ zsnw `s drant"@s ink dcw lasrw+ kcw `rtngsk`tnabw dcw zncdw wabtdcycbscw daskasrcswcw+ `nbwn psc gckkcw dcw zanmbctw"Kcw daskcsrw wc wabt zraz`mîcw wneskt`bîecbt `sv

=7 ¨ @ zrazaw dc k„@_T 3:""" ¸+ ¨ Dc k„`y`bt`mc d„ìtrc sb /yncsvtasono/+ l„cb `n sbc oncb oabbc gabgcrb`bt k„@rt ¸ <fttz<mraszw"maamkc"gaemraszir"ona"ecdcgnbcora}wcQtfrc`d

tfrc`dg?`9c6:4==cg0?=0 &Yanr `swwn kc ¨ Ynd`k zra ¸ ‗ ct bab k„nbiare`tnab mr`bd zsokng ‗zasr lsmcr dc wab nbtîrìt….Zradsnt inb`kcecbt dîrceoasrwî < ¨ Dîgasyrc| k` knwtc dcweîdngècbtw z`rtnckkcecbt dîrceoasrwîw ¸fttz<}}}"k`trnosbc"ir`gts`kntcwcgabaencir`bgc?:0::??3trno:::460:?3dcgasyrc|%k`%knwtc%dcw%ecdngècbtw%z`rtnckkcecbt%dcrceoasrwcw%"ftek

Gck` rcwwceokc ê sbc i`rgc+ e`nw nk cwt nbtcrdnt d„cb rnrc"@ dîi`st dc rnrc ct dc zkcsrcr+ ab zcst rî`mnr ct w„nbwtrsnrc zasrdcycbnr wab zrazrc eîdcgnb ‗ ìnb dc tr`ntcr tast gc psn z`wwc `s%dcwwsw dc k` tìtc d„sb `kkaz`tfc+ psn cwt knentî z`r wab îgakc dczcbwîc ct z`r k` r`tnab`knw`tnab dcw wanbw ‗ 8 ct ìtrc `smîbîr`knwtc gc psc kc mîbîr`knwtc cwt `s wzîgn`knwtc" Z`r cvcezkccb knw`bt ¨ Zf`re`grntnpsc ¸+ ¨ Cvzrcwwnab knorc wsr k` w`btî ct

tasw kcw kaooncw ct gabikntw d„nbtîrìtw psn k` ecttcbt cbd`bmcr" ¸ < fttz<zf`re`grntnpsc"?:enbstcw%okamw"ir

http://groups.google.com/group/fr.bio.medecine/browse_thread/thread/c2a6e80477ec1271

http://groups.google.com/group/fr.bio.medecine/browse_thread/thread/c2a6e80477ec1271

http://www.latribune.fr/actualites/economie/france/20100225trib000481025/decouvrez-la-liste-des-medicaments-partiellement-derembourses-.html



http://pharmacritique.20minutes-blogs.fr/



0>=

`rtngsk`tnabw eît`g`rza zf`k`bmncbbcw dc k` e`nbm`sgfc+ zsnw ê gcrt`nbcw `rtngsk`tnabw nbtcrzf`k`bmncb%

bcw &wcbw`tnab d„`yanr cs k` e`nb îgr`wîc." Ps`bd kcwdaskcsrw abt ir`zzî wneskt`bîecbt kcw `rtngsk`tnabweît`g`rza zf`k`bmncbbcw dc k` e`nb drantc+ zsnw kcw`rtngsk`tnabw nbtcrzf`k`bmncbbcw+ l„`n gcwwî dc zcbwcrpsc kc tr`ntcecbt ît`nt wnezkcecbt `gtni+ zasr eci`nrc ê k„ndîc ps„nk zasy`nt ìtrc bagni" Sb as dcsv lasrw`zræw+ l„`n îtî rîycnkkî z`r sbc ynakcbtc daskcsr `smcbas m`sgfc 8 psn ec wceok`nt oasnkk`bt ct mabikî" Kckcbdce`nb+ l„`rrìt`n kc tr`ntcecbt" Dsr`bt kcw gnbp lasrw wsny`btw+ kcw daskcsrw abt rîmrcwwî" L„`n rczrnw kctr`ntcecbt" Kcw daskcsrw abt rczrnw+ e`nw eanbw nbtcb%wîecbt" L„`n dîinbntnycecbt `rrìtî kc tr`ntcecbt ps`bdk` oaâtc ît`nt yndc+ ct l„`n lctî k` oaâtc wsny`btc" ¸

¨ Dcsv `bw zksw t`rd+ `zræw dcw zaswwîcw dc daskcsrwk`bgnb`btcw+ z`rtngsknærcecbt d`bw kcw gcryng`kcw+ asiasdra~`btcw+ d`bw kcw kaeo`nrcw &`ycg kc iècsv¨ gasz dc wòrc ¸ dc k` wgn`tnpsc 8 cb g`w dc tasv+d„îtcrbscecbt+ as cbgarc dc trîosgfcecbt.+ sbc yna%kcbtc grnwc w„cwt dîgk`rîc d`bw kcw e`nbw+ d`bw kcw

`rtngsk`tnabw wswdntcw+ `y`bt dc m`mbcr wneskt`bîecbtkcw `rtngsk`tnabw dcw zasgcw &dcsv lasrw `zræw+ `srîycnk. 8 astrc k` gakabbc ycrtîor`kc" G„ît`nt gaeec wnab ec zk`bt`nt dcw `nmsnkkcw d`bw kcw `rtngsk`tnabw+gaeec w„nk ~ `y`nt dcw mr`nbw dc wòkc d`bw kcw nbtcr%wtngcw" @zræw sb eanw dc daskcsrw f`bdng`z`btcw ct

d„`staeîdng`tnab nbirsgtscswc+ l„`n inbn z`r trasycr gc



0>6

psn ec wask`mc`nt 8 w`bw ec msîrnr" Cb gnbp `bw+ l„`ndîzcbwî psckpsc gfawc gaeec enkkc csraw zasr ec

wask`mcr d`bw kcw mcwtcw psatndncbw+ w`bw `yanr rcgas%yrî ecw ea~cbw" ¸ ¨ D„`strcw eîdngècbtw abt cs dcwciictw wcgabd`nrcw dastcsv+ gaeec dcw ycrtnmcwzcrwnwt`btw sb eanw `zræw k` inb ds tr`ntcecbt d„sbcwce`nbc &Bcvcb¢." ¸Yasw `yc| dîzcbwî 0::: ₫ cb 3 `bw+ wnezkcecbt zasrwask`mcr kcw daskcsrw ct rcbdrc yatrc cvnwtcbgc wsz%zartòkc 1 0::: ₫ dc eîdcgnbc b`tsrckkc 1 ¨ G„cwt z`wzawwnokc… Bab+ g„cwt z`w zawwnokc" ¸Ct `karw+ yasw dcyrc| yasw rîwasdrc ê cbynw`mcr sbcgabwskt`tnab gfc| sb wzîgn`knwtc+ `ycg k` gr`nbtc dcyasw i`nrc cbgarc zksw nbtavnpscr+ ct dabg dc yanryatrc g`w w„`mmr`ycr 1 ¨ G„cwt z`w zawwnokc… Bab+ g„cwt

z`w zawwnokc" ¸Nbstnkc d„cvzknpscr tast gck` ê k` gabb`wwc dc tasono dsG_Z K` _asmsc+ g„cwt sbc `dcztc dc k` y`ggnb`tnab ctdc k` gnrgabgnwnab+ sbc oabbc bîa%g`tfa%iîenbnwtc &lcwszzawc. `gpsnwc `s W~wtæec 8 ckkc yasw tr`fnr` eîg`%bnpscecbt cb oìas`bt yakabtncrw kc wcgrct eîdng`k+ ê

m`sgfc ê drantc < ¨ G„cwt z`w zawwnokc… Bab+ g„cwt z`wzawwnokc" ¸Ct kcw gfncbw ds G_Z nrabt z`rtast kc o`ycr < ¨ G„cwtz`w zawwnokc… Bab+ g„cwt z`w zawwnokc" ¸=4

=4 Sb O@G(0: as sb bîa%iîenbnwec bc zcrect e`bnicwtcecbt z`w

dc gaezrcbdrc psc+ batèecbt ê g`swc ds dîk`n dc tr`ntcecbtdcw dawwncrw+ k„ît`t d„sb garzw zcst gf`bmcr zraiabdîecbt `s ink



0>>

Ct kcw gfncbw dc z`rtast k„òancrabt < ¨ G„cwt z`w zawwn%okc… Bab+ g„cwt z`w zawwnokc" ¸

E`nbtw tîeanmb`mcw cvzawcbt kcw ciictw dîw`wtrcsvdcw eîdngècbtw ct `strcw y`ggnbw=3+ gaeec gcsv psc

dcw eanw+ wsrtast ps`bd gct ît`t cwt orst`kcecbt dîmr`dî êg`swc d„sb tr`ntcecbt eîdng`k+ z`r `nkkcsrw nbciing`gc ct inb`kc%ecbt dîrceoasrwî" Cbtrc gc psn cwt îgrnt wsr sb dawwncr eîdng`k

ct gc psn dcyr`nt ~ ìtrc îgrnt sb as dcsv `bw zksw t`rd+ nk zcst ~`yanr sbc dniiîrcbgc wnmbning`tnyc" K` iceckkc tasono bc grantzcst%ìtrc psc gc ps„ckkc yant+ `karw nk i`st granrc ps„ckkc ` ys kcdncs `spsck ckkc grant w`bw dastc+ w`si ê granrc psc inb`kcecbt+bab+ ckkc cwt ds mcbrc ê bc granrc psc gc psn wc trasyc d`bw w`tìtc+ ê k`psckkc ckkc `ggardc tastc wab `ttcbtnab+ ct sbc neecbwcnezart`bgc" =3

Ya~c|+ z`r cvcezkc+ ¨ Kc basyc`s dawwncr banr ds y`ggnb gabtrck„fîz`tntc O ¸ &?::>.+ dc Ksgncbbc Iasgr`w+ dabt kc e`rn cwtdîgîdî d„sbc y`ggnb`tnab" Ckkc ` cbpsìtî ct dîgasycrt psc wabfnwtanrc b„cwt z`w sbnpsc < sbc ps`r`bt`nbc dc zcrwabbcw+ `s eanbw+abt dîyckazzî sbc wgkîrawc k`tîr`kc è~atrazfnpsc neeîdn`tc%ecbt `zræw sbc y`ggnb`tnab"Wsr gcttc ìi`nrc < ¨ Zk`nbtc gabtrc kc y`ggnb `btn%fîz`tntc O ¸+fttz<}}}"nbiay`ggnb"irzk`nbtcQ0>>6:="ftek

&Ps`bd psckpscw zcrwabbcw ecsrcbt as wasiircbt d„sbc e`k`dncgf`psc `bbîc+ nk i`st y`ggnbcr tast kc eabdc+ e`nw ps`bd gc eìecbaeorc dc zcrwabbcw ecsrcbt as taeocbt e`k`dcw d„sb y`ggnb+ nkbc i`st z`w gcwwcr dc y`ggnbcr….

¨ Y`ggnb`tnab < _cbgabtrc `ycg sb rczcbtn ¸_cysc Bcvsw Bº 44 E`n%Lsnb ?::9

¨ Sb lasr+ sb gfcrgfcsr cb y`ggnbakamnc ` ys wab gakkæmsc zcrdrcwab cbi`bt ê k` wsntc d„sbc y`ggnb`tnab" X…U @slasrd„fsn ê k`

http://www.infovaccin.fr/plainte_199807.html

http://emmanuelleseve.unblog.fr/2006/07/03/rencontre-avec-un-repenti-article-copie-sur-internet/

http://emmanuelleseve.unblog.fr/2006/07/03/rencontre-avec-un-repenti-article-copie-sur-internet/

http://www.lecourrier.ch/un_professeur_jette_un_froid_sur_le_mythe_des_vaccins

http://www.lecourrier.ch/un_professeur_jette_un_froid_sur_le_mythe_des_vaccins



?::

zasrr`ncbt r`gabtcr kcw 0:„::: ê 03„::: zcrwabbcw psnecsrcbt gf`psc `bbîc dc e`k`dnc n`tramæbc+ astrc kcw

gcbt`nbcw dc enkkncrw dc zcrwabbcw fawznt`knwîcw zasrkcw eìecw r`nwabw+ w`bw z`rkcr dc tasw gcsv psn bcwaszíabbcbt eìec z`w k„arnmnbc eîdngècbtcswc dckcsr zraokæec dc w`btî"Ab zcst wc gabwakcr ps`bd kcw ciictw wabt dniingn%kcecbt bnòkcw z`r kc garzw eîdng`k+ `strcecbt abzasrr` zfnkawazfcr ct wc dnrc psc k` eîdcgnbc+ g„cwt dck` gfnrsrmnc+ g„cwt dc k` zf`re`gnc+ bab z`w dcw azîr`%tnabw d„sb W`nbt%Cwzrnt… psn bc wabt+ ckkcw%eìecw+e`bnicwtcecbt z`w cvceztcw dc r`t`mcw" Yankê tast"As oncb+ d`bw sb z`~w psn inb`knwc wab èîrng`bnw`tnabz`r kc gsktc dc k„`rmcbt ran+ nk i`sdr` tast wnezkcecbtzrcbdrc k„fòntsdc d„ìtrc zragîdsrncr+ dc rckîmscr k`

rctr`ntc+ nk dîyankc kcw dcwwasw dc k„sbc dcw zksw mr`bdcw cwgra%pscrncw dc batrc tcezw" ¸fttz<cee`bsckkcwcyc"sbokam"ir?::9:=:7rcbgabtrc%`ycg%sb%rczcbtn%`rtngkc%gaznc%wsr%nbtcrbct

¨ Sb zraicwwcsr lcttc sb irand wsr kc e~tfc dcw y`ggnbw ¸:3 wcztceorc ?::4¨ /Y`ggnb`tnabw+ kcw yîrntîw nbdîwnròkcw/" X…U sb knyrc wsr kcwy`ggnbw+ zksw zrîgnwîecbt wsr gc ps„ab cb dnt ct+ wsrtast+ wsr gcps„ab cb g`gfc" ¸ ¨ Kcw `starntîw w`bnt`nrcw X…U wabt wasw k` gaszcdc k„nbdswtrnc zf`re`gcstnpsc" ¸

fttz<}}}"kcgasrrncr"gfsbQzraicwwcsrQlcttcQsbQirandQwsrQkc Qe~tfcQdcwQy`ggnbw



?:0

zfnkawazfnc `sv asokncttcw cb zart`bt `s znb`gkc k` kands zksw iart"

Nk kc i`sdr` oncb+ wsrtast ps`bd yasw îgfascrc| gfc|sbc dcbtnwtc dastcswc+ wsr k` ian dcw nbiare`tnabwiasrbncw z`r sb wntc }co wan%dnw`bt dcwtnbî ê zcrect%trc `sv z`tncbtw dc gfanwnr sb zr`tngncb… e`nw sbnpsc%ecbt wsr k` o`wc dc wcw t`rniw"Ecttabw dc gôtî kc i`nt ps„ckkc b„`nt z`w dc zk`psczraicwwnabbckkc" Ecttabw `swwn dc gôtî k` zrazrctî`zz`rcbtc dcw nbwtrsecbtw ct ds eaonkncr dc tr`y`nk+ l`sbcw dc gc psn wceokc ìtrc ds t`rtrc+ ct psn+ tast `seanbw+ rcwwceokc `s l`sbc psn t`znwwc kcw ganbw ct kcwrcganbw d„sb yncsv ]G zsokng" Ckkc zragædcr` ê sbr`zndc cvècb" Í` y`… gc psn dcy`nt ìtrc rîz`rî k„`sr`îtî+ bî`beanbw < ¨ Wn yasw `yc| dc k„`rmcbt+ nk i`sdr`

i`nrc gcw dcbtw… ¸ Bab+ í` nr`" Zksw psc í`+ g„cwt zasrz`wwcr ê k` tîkî+ ct ean lc b„`n z`w ocwanb d„sb wasrnrcfakk~}aadncb+ wsrtast zasr wasrnrc ê dcw gf`ramb`rdwe`bmc%ecrdc 8 wn lc zasy`nw kcw w`kscr cb kcsr eab%tr`bt eab tras ds gsk+ `sv cbi`btw dc zst`nb psn zcs%zkcbt kc eabdc+ gc wcr`nt `swwn oncb+ ct oncb wsiinw`bt

zasr gcttc neeabdc e`wwc zst`wwnærc+ ocwtn`kc ctdîeabn`psc" B„cezìgfc… cbtrc dîabtakamnc ct zraint+gcttc zr`tngncbbc wceokc `yanr i`nt wab gfanv… Ckkczcst oncb wc zrîbaeecr Gfrnwtnbc+ gck` bc k„cezìgfcz`w d„ìtrc sbc E`rnc%e`dckcnbc"Oab+ ab bc w„îtabbcr` z`w ps„ckkc ycsnkkc w`yanr gaeecbt

yasw `src| cs gabb`nww`bgc dc wab gònbct" @ k` knentc+



?:?

ab yasdr` oncb k` granrc ps`bd+ ê k` dcwgrnztnab dcyatrc zraokæec+ ckkc dnr` < ¨ L„~ yanw rncb" ¸ Kc zra%

okæec wcr` psc k` i`gc nbtcrbc d„sbc eak`nrc `sr` îtîdîwaknd`rnwîc d„sb mraw zkaeo`mc z`r sb oaboab `sgragfct rcdastòkc" Ckkc wceokcr` ps`bd eìec ìiakîcz`r k„ndîc psc yasw wcrc| kê zasr k` gabtrôkcr" Z`wr`wwsr`btc+ gckkc%kê psn wceokcr` dîlê ê k` rctr`ntc" Kci`nt cwt ps„`ycg k„nbdcv+ ckkc g`wwcr` k` dcbt cb dcsv+cb zrayaps`bt sb w`nmbcecbt+ `y`bt d„cvfnocr wabtrazfîc" Nezrcwwnabb`bt ê yanr+ kc eargc`s dc dcbt dc03 ee `s eanbw" Ab bc w„ìiakcr` z`w+ ab m`rdcr` wabw`bm%irand" K„cwzægc dc dcbtnwtc w„cb èswcr` < ¨ Dctastc i`íab+ í` yasw `sr`nt i`nt zksw e`k wn l„`y`nw i`ntsbc `bcwtfîwnc" Nk cwt mraw fcnb Xkc eargc`s dcdcbtU !1 ¸ Z`bwcecbt+ zrnwc dc rcbdc|%yasw zasr k`

zawc d„sbc gasrabbc" Ckkc `bbabgc < ¨ Lc zrcbdw 3::₫ ¸Zasr i`nrc psan 1 Wsr wab dcwwnb yntc i`nt+ ckkc gaeztc%r` zawcr sbc gasrabbc wsr k` eantnî dc k` dcbt psnrcwtcr`… Z`ncecbt d„sb `gaeztc+ ct ab cb rcwtcr` kê 8ct t`bt znw zasr kc iaresk`nrc dc rceoasrwcecbt"Inb`kcecbt+ wcw e`sy`nwcw e`bnærcw+ psn wceokcbt

rîyîkcr sbc i`íab dc i`nrc dcwtnbîc ê `smecbtcr kcgaøt dc wcw nbtcrycbtnabw+ cbtr`âbcrabt sb wsrgaøt dctr`ntcecbt z`r ¨ yatrc ¸ dcbtnwtc fòntsckkc+ psn+ ckkc+dabbc cbync dc k` rcyanr+ ckkc ct wab gònbct nrrîzra%gfòkc" Psc i`nrc 1 ps`bd nk i`sdr` wc rîlasnr psc kcwdîmïtw gaeenw z`r k` e`ki`nw`btc zsnwwcbt ìtrc rîz`%

rîw z`r sbc zr`tngncbbc psn bc i`nt z`w dc k„fse`%



?:7

bnt`nrc+ e`nw psn bc i`nt z`w bab zksw d`bw k` zst`wwcrnc"K`bgcr sbc zragîdsrc lsdngn`nrc 1 Zasr psck rîwskt`t"

Cb zrasy`bt psan 1 Dce`bdc| dabg ê tasw gcsv psnwsonwwcbt dcw zrîlsdngcw zasrpsan nkw bc zartcbt z`wzk`nbtc 8 Kcw r`nwabw wcrabt esktnzkcw+ gaeec tastcwgckkcw psn cvzknpscbt kc gaezartcecbt fse`nb < k`dîin`bgc cbycrw kcw zasyanrw dc k„Ct`t+ kc dîi`st dciènkn`rntî `ycg csv+ k„fòntsdc zrcbdrc dcw gaszw+k„fòntsdc dc wsonr+ d„ìtrc e`ktr`ntî+ dîbnmrî+ fsenknî+`s zanbt d„cb dcycbnr nbdniiîrcbt+ zrcwpsc nbwcbwnokc+z`r dît`gfcecbt cbycrw wan%eìec" Zasrpsan bc zartcbt%nkw z`w zk`nbtc 1 tasw gcsv psn kc zasrr`ncbt" Zasrpsanwc k`nwwcbt%nkw ctfbnpscecbt zakkscr ct inwg`kcecbtîgr`wcr 1 kcw Ir`bí`nw psn bc iabt psc rïkcr d„ìtrcgakabnwîw ct òswîw"

Kc i`nt cwt psc g`wwcr cwt zksw `nwî psc rîz`rcr"Eîzrnwcr cwt zksw `nwî psc gaezrcbdrc" Ps`bd nk w„`mntdc tr`ntcr sb zraokæec zcrwnwt`bt+ zcrwabbc bc w`ntciicgtnycecbt gaeecbt i`nrc+ e`nw ps`bd nk w„`mnt dcwtnme`tnwcr gcksn psn ` kc zraokæec+ tast kc eabdc w`ntgc psn bc y` z`w cb ksn+ `ycg gc zraokæec"

Tasw kcw gabw ds eabdc w`ycbt gc psn bc y` z`w d`bw kceabdc+ ê g`swc dc psn ‗ zrcwpsc ‗ rncb dc y`+ e`nwps`bd nk w„`mnt d„`zzartcr dc yr`ncw wakstnabw psnræmkcbt kcw zraokæecw+ nk b„~ ` ps„sb dîoardcecbt dcf`nbc+ dc ecrdc+ dc gabtrc%wakstnabw+ dc tast ct dcb„nezartc psan"



?:4

@karw+ ps`bd sb gnrgabgnw e`ww`grcr` sb gnrgabgnwcsr+`s lsmc psn k„`ggswcr`+ nk dnr` < ¨ G„cwt z`w zawwnokc…

Bab+ g„cwt z`w zawwnokc" Lc bc zcsv `yanr i`nt gc dabtyasw e„`ggswc|" ¸ Ct ps`bd kc lsmc dn`mbawtnpscr` sbdîbn dc rî`kntî+ k„`ggswî rîzabdr` < ¨ Lc bc wsnw z`wd`bw kc dîbn+ g„cwt yasw psn ìtcw `ttcnbt d„f`kksgnb`tnabgakkcgtnyc" Yasw ìtcw kc wcsk ê e„`ggswcr dc gc e`ww`%grc+ yasw ct dcsv as tranw zcrwabbcw dîknr`btcw gabtrc= enkkn`rdw dc Tcrrncbw psn b„abt rncb ê ec rczragfcrwsr gc zk`b%kê" Yatrc `ggsw`tnab cwt i`bt`nwnwtc" ¸¨ Yasw zcrwnwtc| ê bncr kcw i`ntw 1 ¸ dnr` kc lsmc" Gc êpsan k„`ggswî rîzabdr` < ¨ Lc bc zcsv `yanr i`nt gc dabtyasw e„`ggswc|+ g`r gck` bc zcst `yanr îtî i`nt+ zsnwpsc lè`nw gck` b„` îtî i`nt" @yc|%yasw dîlê cbtcbds z`rkcrd„sb gnrgabgnw ecsrtrn ê ync z`r k` gnrgabgnwnab ps„ab ksn

` nbiknmîc 1 @yc|%yasw dîlê cbtcbds z`rkcr d„sb tckgnrgabgnw `~`bt e`ww`grî sb gnrgabgnwcsr zasr wask`mcrw` wasiir`bgc zw~gfnpsc+ zasr wc ycbmcr+ zasr i`nrc lswtngc psc yasw bc i`ntcw z`w 1 Ean bab" G„cwt gc psc l„cbtcbdw z`rtast" Gc mcbrc dc gfawc b„cwt z`w zaw%wnokc" G„cwt f`stcecbt nezraoòkc+ tast oabbcecbt

nezawwnokc" Nk b„~ ` `sgsbc r`nwab ps„sb faeec wantmìbî d„`yanr îtî èzstî dc wab zrîzsgc zsnwpsc kcwtcb`btw dc k` gnrgabgnwnab bc wcr`ncbt z`w mìbîw dcdcyanr m`rdcr kcsr zrîzsgc 8 zsnwps„`yanr sb zrîzsgc asz`w+ g„cwt ds z`rcnk `s eìec" Kcw gnrgabgnw wabt fcs%rcsv d„`yanr îtî wcvsckkcecbt estnkîw" @yanr kc mk`bd

gabtnbsckkcecbt dîm`rbn bc kcsr zawc `sgsb zraokæec



?:3

wcvsck+ `sgsbc nrrnt`tnab+ `sgsbc f~zcrtcbwnab+ `sgsbcwcbw`tnab farrnznk`btc ê dcycbnr ias" _ncb dc rncb+ lc

yasw dnw 8 g„cwt gabbs+ cbkcycr kc zrîzsgc+ í` tsc k`wcbwnonkntî+ ct kcw faeecw nbwcbwnokcw+ í` i`nt lasnr kcwiceecw" Nk b„~ ` dabg `sgsbc r`nwab ps„sb gnrgabgnw/zætc sb gïokc/" ¸ ¨ Lc granw psc yasw ìtcw ias ê kncr ¸+dnr` kc lsmc" Ct k„`ggswî rîzabdr` < ¨ Gc dabt lc wsnw`ggswî bc rczawc wsr `sgsbc o`wc wgncbtninpsc+ zsnwps„nkcwt nezawwnokc dc rczradsnrc gc dabt lc wsnw `ggswî+g`r nk b„~ ` z`w dcsv lasrw psn wc rcwwceokcbt+ z`w dcsvît`tw d„cwzrnt wnenk`nrcw+ z`w dc i`gtcsrw z`ri`ntcecbtgabgard`btw" Gc psc lc wsnw `slasrd„fsn b„cwt z`w gcpsc l„ît`nw fncr" Wn l„`y`nw i`nt gc dabt yasw e„`ggswc|+gck` bc zasrr`nt ìtrc ds i`nt psc d„sb `strc psc ean"Basw bc zasyabw rcgabwtntscr wsr dcw o`wcw wgncb%

tninpscw gc dabt yasw e„`ggswc|" Yasw bc zasyc| dabgz`w zrasycr ct lsmcr gc dabt yasw e„`ggswc|" Yasw bczasyc| psc wzîgskcr wsr gc psc yasw `yc| cb tìtc" ¸¨ Yasw ìtcw gaszòkc+ bc dntcw z`w bab" ¸ ¨ Wn" Wn wn wn !Dce`bdc| ê @rb`sd Dck" Ok`ttc" Nk yasw kc dnr` < wn wnwn+ dabg gnrgabgnw" Nk ` stnknwî sbc wgnc+ dabg gnrgabgnw"

Nk `y`nt dcw wasgnw+ dabg gnrgabgnw" G„cwt sb gcryc`s+ gcDck`" Ok`ttc k„cezkïtrc Dck`ttrc" Nk ` zkswncsrw zcrwab%b`kntîw d`bw w` tìtc 8 g„cwt gc ps„nk w„èswc ê i`nrcgranrc cb wc tcb`bt kc taznbèoasr gîrîor`k ps„nk `mntc`ycg wcw e`nbw+ zasr wc i`nrc rce`rpscr dcw basbaswzatcbtnckkcw dabt nk ycst `ttnrcr k„`ttcbtnab+ ìnb dc wc

i`nrc enmbatcr" W` zcrwabb`kntî w`dnpsc kc ksn `



?:9

dce`bdî < /Wn lc e`ww`grc sb gnrgabgnwcsr ê kè`gfcttc+ gasnbcr`%t%nk gaeec sb zarg as gaeec sb

gfncb 1/ XCt wn ab rcgasyrc dc ecrdc sb ar`bm%ast`bmzf`gagfærc+ í` i`nt ds oŗsi or`nwî as ds rôtn dczarg 1UWn yasw zrîiîrc|+ lc yasw k` i`nw `dcztc dc k`gnrgabgnwnab <Lc bc gaezrcbdw z`w zasrpsan lc wsnw ngn+ eabwncsr kc lsmc" Lc b„`n rncb i`nt dc e`k" Gc psc l„`n i`nt+ g„cwt e`rcknmnab psn ec k„ardabbc" E` rcknmnab+ g„cwt k` z`rakc dceab dncs" Eab dncs cwt sb oab dncs" Nk ` dnt < /Ts bctscr`w zanbt/+ w`si… w`si… w`si" K„nbdnynds psc l„`nwòrî cwt sb dc gcw /w`si/" Lc k„`n o`ztnwî `s bae dsZærc+ ds Inkw ct ds W`nbt%Cwzrnt" L„`n cbya~î w` tìtc `sz`r`dnw" L„`n grs oncb i`nrc" ¸.

Ps`bd+ i`gc ê ksn+ kcw eîdcgnbw wcrabt dcycbsw wasrdwct bîm`tcsrw=9 &`s zanbt dc zrazawcr ê basyc`s kctr`ntcecbt psc kc z`tncbt `sr` zasrt`bt dîgrnt gaeec`~`bt dcw ciictw wcgabd`nrcw nbwszzartòkcw.+ ps`bd nkwcr` nbtavnpsî `sv eîdngècbtw+ nk zasrr` w„cww`~cr êk„faeîaz`tfnc ct ê k„`knecbt`tnab onagaez`tnokc &k`

eîdcgnbc artfaeakîgsk`nrc==

+ k` bstrntfîr`znc as k`

=9 Z`w ¨ ys ê k` tîkî ¸+ e`nw ¨ oncbtôt cb Ir`bgc gaeec `svSW@ ¸ < ¨ Kcw eîdcgnbw ecbtcbt%nkw ê kcsrw z`tncbtw 1 ¸fttz<}}}"k`bstrntnab"ironcb%d`bw%w`%w`btcwc%wanmbcrkcw%

ecdcgnbw%wabt%nkw%dcw%ecbtcsrw"ftek== Dc Knbsw Z`sknbm+ zrnv Baock dc gfnenc"

http://www.lanutrition.fr/bien-dans-sa-sante/se-soigner/les-medecins-sont-ils-des-menteurs.html

http://www.lanutrition.fr/bien-dans-sa-sante/se-soigner/les-medecins-sont-ils-des-menteurs.html



?:=

tranwnæec eîdcgnbc=6. 8 w„nk bc ycst z`w wc tr`bwiarecrcb grî`tsrc onabnpsc"

&I`st%nk wtazzcr kc tr`ntcecbt dæw kcw zrcencrw lasrw+`s eanbdrc ciict wcgabd`nrc nbgabiartòkc 8 zasrknentcr k„nbtavng`tnab 1 Ab yasw `ggswcr`nt dc bc z`wwsnyrc kc tr`ntcecbt zrcwgrnt+ d„ìtrc dc e`sy`nwcyakabtî+ ct dabg+ d„ìtrc kcw wcskw rcwzabwòkcw dc yawe`sv" Sb eanw dc tr`ntcecbt zcst wsiinrc ê ornwcryatrc ync ct rsnbcr yaw zralctw" E`nw kc garzw eîdng`krciswc dc kc yanr `nbwn" Gc b„cwt z`w zawwnokc""" Bab+ gcb„cwt z`w zawwnokc"Cb zksw dc yasw tr`ntcr d„`wagn`sv z`rgc psc yasw bcyaskc| z`w yasw wasecttrc `sv eïkcw daenb`btw+ abyasw tr`ntcr` d„ceecrdcsrw+ dc wnesk`tcsrw+ dc ir`s%dcsrw+ z`rgc psc yasw bc yaskc| z`w yasw k`nwwcr tscr

z`r kc gaezkcvc eîdnga%zf`re`gcstnpsc" @karw psci`nrc 1 ps`bd kc dn`kamsc b„cwt zksw zawwnokc `ycg kcwgarzar`tnwtcw as nbtîmrnwtcw z`rtnw`bw dc k„`kkaz`tfncct dc k` gfnrsrmnc" @kkc| yanr `nkkcsrw+ kê aþ dcw eîdc%gnbw cww`ncbt dc yanr ct d„cbtcbdrc kc Tast 8 cb îynt`btdc i`nrc gaeec gcsv psn wc dîtasrbcbt dcw dagtrnb`n%

rcw zakntnpscw nbgaezîtcbtw zasr w„cb rcecttrc `ycs%mkîecbt `sv dame`tnpscw gf`rk`t`bw psn zrîtcbdcbtzasyanr f`reabncswcecbt rîmnr k` ync tcrrcwtrc cbz`rk`bt `s bae ds Tast dnynb".

=6

Yanr ¨ K„`knecbt`tnab as k` tranwnæec eîdcgnbc ¸+ ds Dr Lc`bWcnmb`kct+ `nbwn psc kcw asyr`mcw ds Dr G`tfcrnbc Haswenbc"



?:6

G„cwt gaeec k„`strc gabb`rd dc Ir`bga%dc%z`zncr%zartsm`nw+ `ycg wab `wtfec+ wab fîeagfrae`tawc ct

wab gfèznmbab `s danmt dc zncd=>

8 ê zrazaw dspsck nkdîzkarc+ dc k` oasgfc ct dc k` e`nb+ ê gcksn psn kczanbtc ds danmt gaeec sbc t`rc psn dcyr`nt b`tsrck%kcecbt ksn y`kanr d„ìtrc wtnme`tnwî6: < ¨ Cf as`nw… l„`rrnyc z`w ê e„cb dîo`rr`wwcr ! ¸ &Bc eabtrc| z`w dsdanmt gcksn psn eabtrc kcw `strcw ds danmt 8 í` k„îea%tnabbc ‗ d„ìtrc wsr k` yanc ds rclct ct dc k„cvgkswnab ‗".Ct wn kcw Ir`bí`nwcw abt t`bt ocwanb dcw m~bîgakamscw+g„cwt w`bw `sgsb dastc ê g`swc dcw mcbw ds Wsd 8 `ycgpsn ckkcw wc y`strcbt"

Cgastc| oncb gc ps„nbwnbscbt kcw bîa%r`gnwtcw60

ok`b%gfïtrcw 8 z`rgc ps„nkw dîok`tærcbt wzîgncswcecbt ct

=> Nk wc k`yc oncb kcw e`nbw+ ksn+ `zræw `yanr trnzatî wcw ocwtnakcwyîmît`kcw+ as oncb nk gaeztc rcinkcr wcw ecrdcw ê tast kc eabdc 16: K` gf`wwc `sv dîicgtscsv y` dc z`nr `ycg k` gasrwc ê k` zcricgtnab"Kcw oìtcw fse`nbcw bc zr`tnpscbt zksw k` wîkcgtnab b`tsrckkc `sv

eswgkcw+ e`nw `s i`gnæw" Ct gf`gsb ~ y` dc w` wakstnab zasr rî`knwcrgck` cb dîwnmb`bt kcw nbdnmbcw eceorcw dc k` wagnîtî < cbdamènc+nbgcwtc+ eîtnww`mc+ e`bnzsk`tnab mîbîtnpsc+ zrnærcw `s dncs dcw dncsv+gnrgabgnwnab+ wîenb`nrcw wsr kc dîyckazzcecbt zcrwabbck+ gfnrsrmnc cteîdcgnbc cwtfîtnpscw…60 Dcw zctntw r`tw psn b„abt z`w `wwc| dc zankw `sv gasnkkcw zasrrcycbdnpscr asycrtcecbt kcsr r`gnwec `bne`k+ gabtr`nrcecbt `sv

r`rcw ndîakamscw dc gabyngtnab psn+ `ycg zksw as eanbw dc zcrtnbcbgcas dc wazfnwec+ gfcrgfcbt ê dabbcr r`nwab ê kcsr `bne`k nbtîrncsr"



?:>

zcrycrwcecbt wsr yasw zasr yasw i`nrc e`k yanr dc taswct zrayapscr kc rclct dc yasw z`r tasw+ cb yasw

`ggsw`bt dc yak+ dc ynak+ dc trìng dc dramscw+ dctcrrarnwec+ d„nbtîmrnwec+ dc i`sv ct sw`mc dc i`sv+ dcw`kctî+ dc zs`btcsr+ dc e`k`dncw gabt`mncswcw < wn sbOk`bg ` e`k ê k` marmc &sb wcsk wsr gcbt+ sb `bgncbenknt`nrc ê rcg`wcr zasr dîwardrc fareab`k+ ê psn kceîdcgnb ksn `sr` dnt psc wab e`k cwt d„arnmnbc ynr`kc.+g„cwt z`rgc ps„sb E`mfrîonb dcw z`r`mcw k„` gabtènbî`ycg sb ynrsw+ zsnwpsc gc dcrbncr ` dîgk`rî wasiirnr dce`sv dc marmc e`tnb`sv &dsw ê sbc `kkcrmnc `knecbt`nrcesktnzkc psc k„nbtîrcwwî ` ndcbtninîc ct tr`ntî ksn%eìec+zsnwpsc kc garzw eîdng`k d`bw wab cbwceokc w„cwttaslasrw `yîrî nbg`zòkc dc k` dîgckcr+ wc gabtcbt`btdc k`nwwcr cbtcbdrc ¨ yasw b„`yc| rncb 6?."

Ps`bd nk w„`mnt dc yasw `ggswcr dc gabtènbcr kcwIr`bí`nw `ycg yaw e`k`dncw+ nk bc i`nt `sgsb dastc pscyasw `yc| tastcw kcw e`k`dncw ds eabdc" E`nw ps`bd nk

6? Sbc nbtakîr`bgc dsc `s i`nt psc kcw `knecbtw eadcrbcw w~btfî%tnpscw ct kcw `knecbtw `bgncbw estîw bc wabt zksw `wwnenkîw

garrcgtcecbt z`r k„arm`bnwec+ psn b„` z`w estî ê k` yntcwwc dcwest`tnabw `rtningnckkcw enwcw cb acsyrc z`r k„nbdswtrnc `mra`knecb%t`nrc" Gck` zrayaps`nt gc psc kc Dr Wcnmb`kct `zzckkc sbc ¨ z`tfa%kamnc d„cbgr`wwcecbt ¸+ sb cbgr`wwcecbt zf~wnakamnpsc `spsck nk`wwagnc `s eanbw sbc gcbt`nbc dc w~eztôecw ct e`k`dncw+ ct psn`y`nt sbc cvzrcwwnab wsdarnz`rc ps„ab zcst dîgrnrc wnezkcecbt <kc E`mfrîonb zs`nt k„@ròc z`rgc ps„nk e`bmc`nt gaeec sb

Ir`bí`nw &ds z`nb+ dcw k`nt`mcw+ dc k„`kgaak+ ct `strcw òcrr`tnabw`mra`knecbt`nrcw."



?0:

w„`mnt dc rcgabb`âtrc sbc ìicgtnab knîc ê k„cvcrgngcd„sbc `gtnyntî zraicwwnabbckkc+ kê yasw b„`yc| zksw

`sgsbc e`k`dnc+ yasw ìtcw dcw wnesk`tcsrw+ dcwir`sdcsrw"Orci+ wn sb Ok`bg cwt e`k`dc+ g„cwt ê g`swc dc k`zravnentî dcw E`mfrîonbw+ ct dcw @irng`nbw+ ct `swwndcw neenmrîw dc k„Cwt+ ct dcw WDI îtr`bmcrw" SbIr`bí`nw &Csrazîcb. cwt sb òastnwwcecbt wsr k„îgfckkcdc k„îyakstnab+ `sgsbc e`k`dnc bc zcst zraycbnr dc ksn+g`r k` Ir`bgc cwt sb z`~w dîyckazzî" Wn sbc Wasgfce`rnîc `ycg sb Wasgfc dîyckazzc dc k` m`kc `s zsonw+g„cwt iargîecbt sb E`mfrîonb psn… Kcw e`k`dncw+ g„cwtgaeec kc gfôe`mc < tast í`+ g„cwt ê g`swc dcw neen%mrîw 8 cbinb+ dcw z`syrcw+ wsrtast dc gcsv psn yncbbcbtdc z`~w aþ zskkskcbt kcw e`k`dncw dc k„cvatnwec ct ds

z`wwî gaeec k` tsocrgskawc" Kcw psckpsc 03„::: eartwn`tramîbnpscw `bbsckkcw 1 @ g`swc dcw neenmrîw !E`nw wn yasw dîyckazzc| dc k„`wtfec `zræw `yanr tr`âbî`szræw d„sb Ir`bí`nw `wtfe`tnpsc psn ¨ gr`gfc wcworabgfcw ¸ cb rasmca~`bt dc wsiiag`tnab d`bw w`gfèorc aowgsrc+ gr`wwcswc+ zaswwnîrcswc ct zcs

ycbtnkîc+ bc dntcw z`w wsr tasw kcw tantw ps„nk yasw `gabtènbî `ycg wcw o`gtîrncw zskeab`nrcw" Gc b„cwt z`wzawwnokc" Eìec w„nk yasw zætc ê k` inmsrc+ sb Ir`bí`nwyasw i`nt rcwznrcr kc oab `nr ir`nw dc k` Ir`bgc+ dcwYawmcw+ dcw @kzcw+ dcw Z~rîbîcw ct ds Lsr` 8 ct wn k„`nrdc k` Ir`bgc ct dcw Ir`bí`nw bc yasw gabyncbt z`w+

rctasrbc| dabg d`bw yaw z`~w dc eart" Cg`rtc| dabg



?00

k„f~zatfæwc d„sb y`ggnb as d„sbc zcnbtsrc zrcencr zrnv&dc gfc| ¨ Orngae`bgfat ¸. < wn wasd`nbcecbt yasw bc

zasyc| zksw rcwznrcr &dniingnkc+ `ycg kcw orabgfcwokapsîcw+ psn wc wcrabt `stae`tnpscecbt icreîcw zasrbc z`w rcwznrcr kcw gaezawîw arm`bnpscw yak`tnkcw.tranw eanw `zræw yasw ìtrc i`nt nblcgtcr ds _cy`vnw¢&DT Zakna.+ ct lswtc `zræw `yanr tcrenbî dcw tr`y`sv dczcnbtsrc &astrc k„nbwt`kk`tnab d„sb ksenb`nrc dc gfc|¨ G`wtar ¸ dabt kc wagkc ît`nt kcwtî `ycg sbc e`tnærcbanrc zk`wtnpsc zs`bt kc gàstgfasg orøkî.+ `ggswc| kcIr`bí`nw z`w zrazrc wsr ksn ct psn znwwc `wwnw+ wsr ardrcdc w` mîbntrngc daenb`trngc+ cb k`nww`bt tr`âbcr wab|mscmsc d`bw k` gsycttc ds zctnt ganb 8 eìec wn k„îkan%mbcecbt ct kc r`zzragfcecbt wsggcwwni ds ksenb`nrczrayaps`ncbt sb wask`mcecbt ct sbc `mmr`y`tnab dcw

w~eztôecw &`y`bt psc yasw kc lctnc| ê k` zasockkc.+ cteìec wn k„îy`zar`tnab dcw gaezawîw arm`bnpscw &dcwadcsrw. `s ink dcw `bw w„cwt tr`dsntc z`r sbc nezar%t`btc dnenbstnab dc k` mìbc rcwznr`tanrc"E`kfcsr ê yasw wn yasw `yc| îtî gabtènbîw z`rk„fcrzæw kòn`k d„sb dcw wczt Ir`bí`nw wsr dnv psn

k„fîocrmcbt ê ync d`bw kcsrw m`bmknabw+ z`rgc ps„ê kèanbdrc `zz`rntnab d„sb ¨ oastab dc inæyrc ¸+ z`rtastkcw damscw ir`bí`nw yasw zrîwcbtcrabt gaeec dcww`kctîw gabt`mncswcw ps„nk i`st dnòaknwcr+ dèbcr+neeakcr+ lctcr `sv ardsrcw ct cbtcrrcr wsr sbc `strczk`bætc" Kc gfncb Psnbt`dck`nd nr` òa~cr d`bw yatrc

kncs d„fònt`tnab psc yasw gabtènbc| kcw mcbw `ycg dcw



?0?

ynrsw" Ct tasw gcsv psn yasw `srabt gôta~î+ dc zræw asdc kanb+ dnrabt z`rtast psc yasw kcsr `yc| tr`bwenw

tckkc as tckkc e`k`dnc" Zasrt`bt+ yasw ìtcw cb Ir`bgc"Wn yasw gabtr`gtc| sbc e`k`dnc gabt`mncswc+ g„cwtyr`nwceokòkcecbt ê g`swc d„sb%c Ir`bí`nw%c" E`nw bczcwtc| z`w gabtrc kcw Ir`bí`nw" Bc r`datc| z`w <¨ Zst`nbw dc Ir`bí`nw ! Nkw e„abt rcinkî k` gftasbc+ k`gfk`msc+ k` orastc+ k` znwwktc… ¸ ¨ Zst`nbw dc Ir`bí`nw !Nkw e„abt rcinkî k` gftasbc+ k` gfk`msc+ k` orastc+ k`znwwktc… ¸ ¨ Zst`nbw dc Ir`bí`nw ! Nkw e„abt rcinkî k`gftasbc+ k` gfk`msc+ k` orastc+ k` znwwktc… ¸ Z`rgc pscgcw zst`nbw dc Ir`bí`nw+ psn abt enw kcsr Wîgsrntîwagn`kc cb o`bpscrastc+ nkw yasw dnrabt dc rczrcbdrc k`rastc ycrw yaw z`~w `s t`sv dc eart`kntî nbi`btnkckècbtòkcecbt îkcyî67+ g`r gabtènbîw z`r kcw

67 T`sv dc k` eart`kntî nbi`btnkc < ¨ _`zzart ds baeorc dc dîgæwd„cbi`btw dc eanbw dc sb `b wsr kc baeorc dc b`nww`bgcw yny`btcwdc k` zîrnadc gfanwnc &mîbîr`kcecbt sbc `bbîc gnynkc." ¸Cb Ir`bgc eîtrazaknt`nbc+ kc t`sv ît`nt dc 7"6 › cb ?::=" D`bwkcw z`~w ìrng`nbw &wsow`f`rncbw. kcw t`sv ît`ncbt wszîrncsrw ê

3:› ct eìec 0:: › 8 =7 › cb Nbdc+ 76 › cb Gfnbc+ 039 › cb@imf`bnwt`b+ 00› cb _swwnc+ 3: › cb @eîrnpsc ds Wsd"fttz<i`gecd"sbny%rcbbcw0"ir}hiwtagh_CBBCW?:000?07:60>0?ekcmasdnnbdngQzcdQ?:00QeartQ#?6DrQOr`bmcr#?>"zdi&Cwzîr`bgc dc ync cb Ir`bgc < 6: `bw 8 gabtrc ?= `bw `s 06cec wnægkc" Cb @irnpsc < 4: `bw".

¨ cwt%ab eanbw oncb wanmbî cb Ir`bgc 1

http://facmed.univ-rennes1.fr/wkf/stock/RENNES20111213081912mlegoudiindic_ped_2011_mort_%28Dr_Branger%29.pdf



http://www.laprovence.com/article/a-la-une/froid-les-provencaux-bien-malades

http://www.laprovence.com/article/a-la-une/froid-les-provencaux-bien-malades



?07

e`k`dncw dc k„nbw`ksorntî 8 gc psn b„cezìgfc z`w kcwtasrnwtcw Ir`bí`nw d„`kkcr ~ wîlasrbcr"

I`ntcw gaeec kcw Ir`bí`nw psn ycskcbt psc yasw kcsrrcwwceoknc| 8 csv psn wc grancbt ycrtscswcecbt wszî%rncsrw d`bw kcsr r`gnwec+ oncb ps„nkw bc wancbt psc dcwdîknbps`btw zasr k` _îzsoknpsc+ g`r kcsrw gaeeîr`mcwr`gn`knwtcw dcwtnbîw ê yasw bsnrc bc wabt z`w dcwaznbnabw+ e`nw dcw dîkntw < dniièc|%kcw ct `ggswc|%kcwdc tast w`bw zrcsyc+ psnttc ê irnwcr k„nbgnt`tnab ê k`f`nbc ct ê k` dnwgrnenb`tnab r`gn`kc"Wn yasw ìtcw d`bw sbc dc kcsr zst`nb dc gakkcgtnyntî dczst`nbw &gc psn bc wnmbninc z`w ¨ gaeesb`stî ¸+ fcnb !ct cbgarc eanbw ¨ ir`tcrbntî ¸. ct psc yasw rciswc| dcyasw i`nrc y`ggnbcr gabtrc k` mrnzzc+ zasr cvcrgcr wsryasw sbc zrcwwnab+ sb oït`rd ir`bga%dc%z`zncr%zarts%

m`nw yasw wniikcr` gc psc kcw zaktrabw ir`bí`nw `srabtrîzîtî < ¨ Ab cwt cb gakkcgtnyntî ¸ 8 dabg &gaezrcbc|gc ps„nk ycst yasw dnrc < nk i`st yasw gabiarecr ê gc psnzk`nt `sv `strcw+ wasw%cbtcbds `sv ‗ zcrycrw ct dîea%bn`pscw ‗ daenb`btw psn nezawcbt ê tasw kcsrw ps`trcyakabtîw+ `ycg k„`ndc dcw faeecw dc e`nb ct dcw

k`bmscw dc zstc.+ dnv zngaswcw dc zanwab d`bw kc gsk+zasr îyntcr d„`ttr`zcr ct dc tr`bwecttrc k` tsocrgska%

% Z"Z < Asn+ `ycg k` rcbtònkntî ê tast zrnv+ X…U basw waeecw z`wwîwdc k` =c ê k` ?:c zk`gc csrazîcbbc cb e`tnærc dc eart`kntî zîrn%b`t`kc+ wckab k` gasr dcw gaeztcw" ¸ ‗ ksbdn 07 iîyrncr ?:0?+

fttz<}}}"k`zraycbgc"gae`rtngkc`%k`%sbcirand%kcw%zraycbg`sv%oncb%e`k`dcw



?04

wc+ k` mrnzzc+ k` r`mc+ k` m`kc+ kc tît`baw+ k` rasmcakc+ k`gapscksgfc+ k` kæzrc+ kc g`bgcr+ k` dnzftîrnc+ k` zakna+ kc

z`ksdnwec+ kc t~zfsw… k` w~zfnknw ct kc wnd`+ oncbwør &e`nw zasr ìtrc wørw d„`ttr`zcr… psan dabg 1 `ycgtast gc psc yasw `kkc| yasw nblcgtcr gaeec `btne`gfnbct `btntrsg.64" Nk ~ ` gaeec í` dcw cbdrantw aþ ab `necyasw i`nrc dcw wsrzrnwcw+ cb k„aggsrrcbgc cb yaswi`nw`bt dîgasyrnr psc yasw ìtcw aoknmîw dc yasw i`nrcy`ggnbcr zasr zasyanr cvcrgcr kc eîtncr gfanwn &d`bw kc

64 I`ntcw yasw y`ggnbcr+ kcw `gtnabb`nrcw gaeztcbt wsr yasw &,. <¨ @karw psc k„îzndîenc wc zraz`mc+ kc Zr Wneab `zzckkc ê sbc zrnwcdc gabwgncbgc ¸ &70":0"?:0?+fttz<}}}"k`zraycbgc"gae`rtngkcw`btck`%mrnzzc%w`nwabbncrc%dant%ctrc%zrnwc%`s%wcrncsv." ¨ K` mrnzzc w`nwabbnærc dant ìtrc

zrnwc `s wîrncsv ¸+ g`r kcw yncsv mrò`t`nrcw rnwpscbt dctrîz`wwcr ! &sb wn b`tsrck ct w`kst`nrc zfîbaeæbc cwt sb drècb`tnab`k. < /XK` mrnzzc `y`nt dîostî dc e`bnærc fòntsckkc+ e`nwwasd`nb… kc drèc !U Dc orst`kcw oasiiîcw dc dîgæw" Sb t`sv dceart`kntî granww`bt `zræw 93 `bw+ `ycg dc baeorcswcw yngtnecw`zræw 6: `bw ct cbgarc zksw `zræw >:""" ¸ @swwn+ tastc k`zazsk`tnab dant wc i`nrc y`ggnbcr !

&,. ¨ W`bain enwc wsr kcw y`ggnbw zasr rcbascr `ycg k`granww`bgc ¸+ kc :6:??:0?¨ Kc e`rgfî eabdn`k dcw y`ggnbw y` rczrîwcbtcr ?7 enkkn`rdw cb?:03 ¸+ ¨ W`bain Z`wtcsr dîtncbt ?0# ds e`rgfî ¸+ ¨ Kcw y`ggnbwîgf`zzcbt `sv mîbîrnpscw ¸"fttz<}}}"oieoswnbcww"gaetastc%knbia%cgaw`bt#G7#@>zf`re`gncw`bain%enwc%wsr%kcw%y`ggnbw%zasr%

rcbascr%`ycg%k`%granww`bgc%0??=:9

http://www.laprovence.com/article/sante/la-grippe-saisonniere-doit-etre-prise-au-serieux

http://www.laprovence.com/article/sante/la-grippe-saisonniere-doit-etre-prise-au-serieux

http://www.bfmbusiness.com/toute-linfo-eco/sant%C3%A9pharmacie/sanofi-mise-sur-les-vaccins-pour-renouer-avec-la-croissance-122706





?03

eîdnga%wagn`k. 8 gc psc k„ab bc yasw dnt z`w ps`bd yaswyasw arncbtc| z`r ngn as z`r kê" G„cwt k` wsrzrnwc+ psn

zcst ìtrc e`sy`nwc+ ct psn wceokc `kkcr dc wan+ gaeecgfc| yasw k` gnrgabgnwnab+ zasr gcsv psn bc lsmcbt z`wstnkc dc yasw zrîycbnr dc gc psn yasw `ttcbd 8 g`recttrc dcy`bt kc i`nt `ggaezkn cwt sb dîka~`k ctgasr`bt zragîdî bab dîeagr`tnpsc dcw tcb`btw dsZasyanr gaeec dcw i`wgnwtcw aknm`rgfnpscw psn kcwnbtrabnwcbt &i`nrc granrc psc yasw zraintc| dc gc ps„abyasw nezawc+ psc gc want sb y`ggnb+ sb ynak as sbcgnrgabgnwnab+ cb yasw îtasrdnww`bt `ycg sbc èon`bgcdc mr`bdc ecwwc gakkcgtnyc." G„cwt kê sbc dcw nbbae%oròkcw gfawcw psc kcw Ir`bí`nw ycskcbt gabtnbsckkc%ecbt yasw nezawcr+ z`r dnycrw zragîdîw+ wasrbanw+yanrc eìncsv+ zasr yasw gabiarecr ê gc psn kcsr zk`nt"

E`nw zasrpsan dabg zasrpsan 1 Dc psan abt%nkw zcsr+ kcwb`tnab`knwtcw y`ggnbîw 1 zsnwps„nkw wabt y`ggnbîw" Zcsrdc rî`knwcr ps„nkw wabt cbgcrgkîw z`r kcw o`gtîrncw ctkcw ynrsw+ gaeec z`r kcw îtr`bmcrw ds eabdc cbtncr+psn kcsr ycskcbt tast kc e`k ds eabdc ct gabtrckcwpsckw nkw danycbt wc zrîesbnr… &K` y`ggnb`tnab+ g„cwt

gaeec k` gnrgabgnwnab < gck` zrîesbnt gabtrc tastcw kcwe`k`dncw+ e`nw nk i`st ps`bd eìec zrcbdrc wcwzrîg`stnabw 8 dnwabw psc kcw zrîg`stnabw psn danycbtcbtasrcr k` gnrgabgnwnab ct k` y`ggnb`tnab wabt kcwicrycbtcw zrnærcw ps„nk i`st rîgntcr zasr psc kcwrcknmnabw onoknpscw zradsnwcbt kcsrw ciictw enr`gskcsv"

Tast gck` z`rtngnzc d„sb dîwnr nbgabwgncbt dc ync



?09

îtcrbckkc psn i`nt wc dnrc ps„ab cb i`nt lè`nw `wwc|zasr `ttcnbdrc gc ost".

Gcw yak`nkkcw abt tckkcecbt zcsr dc tast &ckkcw psnycskcbt psc tast kc eabdc kcw rcgabb`nwwcbt gaeec gcps„ckkcw grancbt ìtrc+ cb dce`bd`bt psc kcw zsnww`bgcwdaenb`btcw kcsr dabbcbt kcw ea~cbw dc z`r`âtrc gcps„ckkcw zrîtcbdcbt ìtrc < k` r`gc ok`bgfc wszîrncsrc+wszcrzsnww`btc+ w`bw zcsr+ w`bw rczragfc. ps„ckkcw wcm`ycbt d„`bvnak~tnpscw ct d„`btndîzrcwwcsrw &nk ~ ` sbtck dîg`k`mc cbtrc gc ps„ckkcw wabt+ gc ps„ckkcw ynycbt+ct gc ps„ckkcw grancbt ìtrc ct eîrntcr+ ds wcsk i`nt dckcsrw mæbcw ct dc kcsr fnwtanrc e~tfninîc+ psc gck`zrayapsc dcw e`k`nwcw zw~gfnpscw+ ps„ckkcw tr`ntcbt êgaszw dc dramscw+ dasgcw as dsrcw." Ckkcw wc iabt zcsr`ycg dcw engraocw nbynwnokcw+ ckkcw psn kcw `y`kcbt ê

zkcnbcw oasgfîcw ‗ g`rbîcw ‗" Kcw e`bmc%ecrdc psn`necbt cbmkastnr ct gakzartcr dcw r`matw+ gcsv psncbtrctncbbcbt kcw zw~gfawcw+ kcw zraz`m`bdcw+ kcwdniiè`tnabw… wabt gcsv psn rcdastcbt kc zksw kcw ynrswct kcw îzndîencw dc ynrsw" Gcw gfawcw rcdastcbt kcwynrsw onakamnpscw ct nbiare`tnpscw `karw ps„nkw wc

gaezartcbt gaeec dcw ynrsw zw~gfnpscw ct wagn`sv+sro`nbw ct rsr`sv"Lc kcw ne`mnbc+ kcw Ir`bí`nw d„`slasrd„fsn+ d`bw kcwtr`bgfîcw dc Ycrdsb+ grasznww`btw d`bw k` oasc cbgaez`mbnc dcw zsb`nwcw ct dcw g`d`yrcw dîgfnpsctîw…Kcw @kkce`bdw b„`sr`ncbt z`w ocwanb dc kcsr tnrcr

dcwwsw zasr kcw tscr" Nkw græycr`ncbt dc k` trasnkkc



?0=

ps„nkw `sr`ncbt dc wc i`nrc `tt`pscr z`r kcw engraocw ctkcw ocwtnakcw dc k` tcrrc" Gf`psc ianw ps„nkw icrec%

r`ncbt kcw ~csv zasr bc z`w yanr k„farrcsr dc k` mscrrc+nkw ycrr`ncbt cb f`kksgnb`tnab tastc wartc dc eabwtrcwo`gtîrncbw ct ynr`sv psn `ww`nkkcr`ncbt kcsr zctnt cwzrntrcgrapscynkkî" Nkw icr`ncbt k` mræyc zasr rîgkècr dcwg`nkkcoatnw+ zasr ìtrc `s zrazrc+ gaeec kcw gagfabw dco`ttcrnc"

Kcw gaeeîr`mcw wsr kcw e`k`dncw iabt kcw gaeeîr`mcwwsr k„f~mnæbc" Ab ` oncb ys dcw E`mfrîonbw tr`y`nkk`btd`bw k„`mra%`knecbt`nrc wartnr dcw ]G w`bw wc k`ycr kcwe`nbw+ ct w`bw w„ìtrc targfîw wn ab cb grant kcw îtrabw

k`nwwîw cb zasroanrc ikatt`bt" Ab ` `swwn oncb ys sbIrîdîrng I" cb wartnr w`bw wc k`ycr kcw e`nbw ct w`bw+oncb wør+ psc zcrwabbc bc wabmc ê wsrycnkkcr psc ksn wckcw k`ycbt oncb" Psc kcw gaeztòkcw k`nwwcbt kcsrwt`wwcw ê gìî trcezcr d`bw kc k`yòa `ycg kcpsck wabtgcbwîw wc k`ycr kcw e`nbw gcsv psn wartcbt dcw ]G b„`

z`w k„`nr dc dîr`bmcr mr`bd eabdc &istîcw+ gcwgaeztòkcw ! icnbtcr+ í` kcw gabb`ât+ ab dnr`nt."&Bc gfcrgfc| z`w kcw ondctw+ nk b„~ cb ` z`w" Zasr bc z`wìtrc gr`dcw ds gsk gaeec kcw zs`btw r`gnwtcw ir`bí`nwpsn z`wwcbt kcsr tcezw ê yasw dabbcr dcw kcíabwd„f~mnæbc+ d`bw yatrc znakc yasw zasrrc| fsendnincr dsz`zncr f~mnîbnpsc `ycg kc raonbct ds k`yòa+ ~ ycrwcr



?06

ds w`yab knpsndc+ ct k`ycr yatrc arningc arnmnbck wsr kcgònbct".

Kcw iceecw dc eîb`mc wabt cb zrcenærc knmbc zasr lsmcr dc k` zrazrctî dcw mcbw+ gaeec kcw wanmb`btw askcw `rtnw`bw psn nbtcryncbbcbt ê daengnkc" Gcrt`nbw+d„cbtrc yasw+ batèecbt+ abt k` iïgfcswc e`bnc dcgabwndîrcr gc psn b„cwt z`w kcsr gfc| csv gaeec sbcdîgf`rmc as sbc zasockkc+ aþ nkw zcsycbt lctcr kcsrz`psct dc gnm`rcttcw yndc+ kcsr easgfanr sw`mî+ kcwceo`kk`mcw dc k` rcwt`sr`tnab r`zndc ct `strcwg`bcttcw as rcwtcw d„`knecbt zîrnwwòkc 8 g`r gcrt`nbwd„cbtrc yasw wabt e`bnicwtcecbt `bneîw d„sbc yakabtîdîknoîrîc dc w`knr k` Ir`bgc+ wab wak+ wcw iceecw+ wcwnbwtntstnabw" Gck` yasw yasdr`+ z`r kcw ¨ tcgfbngncbbcwdc wsri`gc ¸+ d„ìtrc asycrtcecbt ct dîd`nmbcswcecbt

waszíabbîw d„fòntcr ¨ kcw ps`rtncrw Bard ¸ 8 gaeecd„`strcw zcbwcrabt ¨ k„Nt`knc ds wsd ¸ as ¨ kcw gèzwdc Mnt`bw ¸" Tr`ntcr kcw mcbw dc w`kcw cwt sbc i`íabwasrbanwc dc bc z`w `yanr traz dc tr`y`nk 8 cb ectt`btk` zrcwwnab `sv stnknw`tcsrw zasr ps„nkw i`wwcbtz`rtngsknærcecbt `ttcbtnab ê kcsrw dîlcgtnabw+ ct ps„nkw

i`wwcbt k` eantnî ds tr`y`nk dc bctta~`mc+ cb zasww`btkc gskat lswps„ê kcsr k`nwwcr kcw zradsntw dc bctta~`mczasr ps„nkw `wwsrcbt kc bctta~`mc dcw w`bnt`nrcw &inb`%kcecbt+ ckkcw b„abt ps„ê gf`bmcr kc w`g dcw zasockkcw ctê z`wwcr kc o`k`n zk`t." Z`rgc psc gcw tcgfbngncbbcw+i`tnmsîcw dc tr`y`nkkcr ê 4? `bw+ wabt `swwn dîr`bmîcw

z`r kcw adcsrw psn bc wabt z`w gckkcw dcw dîtcrmcbtw"



?0>

Ckkcw wabt `swwn z`rt`btcw zasr gr`gfatcr wsr gcsv psnk`nwwcbt ds gèceocrt w„ìinbcr d`bw kcsr gfèorc63+

cbtrc `strcw rîlasnww`bgcw+ oncb psc k„ab zsnwwc tras%ycr 3 ee dc zaswwnærc wsr k„ò`t%lasr dc k„îgk`nr`mcgcbtr`k+ psn b„cwt dabg lè`nw dîzaswwnîrî z`r kcwe`bn`pscw cvzcrtcw cb zrazrctî+ gaeec kc dcwwsw dck„`reanrc ê zf`re`gnc as dc k` zartc gasknww`btc dc k`dasgfc"Yasw ya~c|+ dc k` gnrgabgnwnab ê k„f~mnæbc nbtnec asdaecwtnpsc+ dcw eŗsrw `sv fòntsdcw `knecbt`nrcw+g„cwt ê psn wcr` encsv psc kcw `strcw" Gf`gsb ` trasyîk` zncrrc zfnkawazf`kc dc k` zrazrctî cvtîrncsrc 8 zasrgc psn cwt dc k` zrazrctî nbtîrncsrc+ ab w„cb eapsc+ ckkcbc wc yant z`w dc k` e`wwc &ps`bt `sv ynrsw+ o`gtîrncw+rîwndsw gfnenpscw ct zf`re`gcstnpscw psn kamcbt d`bw

kcw eî`bdrcw garzarckw+ nk zasrr`nt ìtrc èsw`bt dcrcbdrc zsokngw kcw rîwskt`tw dcw `b`k~wcw w~wtîe`tn%pscw psn wcr`ncbt ê i`nrc 8 g`r nk cwt dcw ¨ zrazrcw ¸psn rnwpscr`ncbt iart dc wc dîgasyrnr ¨ e`kzrazrcw ¸.Kcw Ir`bí`nw yasw yancbt gaeec dcw k`ndw+ dcw w`kcw+dcw zs`btw gakzartcsrw dc e`k`dncw+ `nbwn eìec psc

yasw ya~c| kcw faeecw nbt`gtw" Dc e`bnærc zksw

63 Kc gèceocrt ` îtî ¨ dîwadarnwî ¸ z`rgc psc kcw iceecw dcwagnîtî b„cb wszzartcbt zksw k„adcsr cby`fnww`btc d`bw kcsrrîirnmîr`tcsr" Kcw è`tcsrw dc gèceocrt yîrntòkc danycbtdabg wc gabtcbtcr dc kîgfcr ct dc rcbnikcr dcw yskycw zasr

w`tnwi`nrc kcsr maøt zasr k` tcvtsrc ct k„adcsr ds irae`mc ê zïtctcbdrc"



??:

mkao`kc+ zasr kcw mcbw dc wagnîtî+ tasgfcr dc k„arm`bn%psc cwt dcycbs nbdnmbc ct rîzsmb`bt" Kc w~btfîtnpsc

zrnec ct y`st wszîrnarntî ctfbnpsc+ tcgfbnpsc+ gnynknw`%tnabbckkc 8 ksn%eìec oncbtôt wsrz`wwî z`r kc ynrtsck"K„`mrngsktsrc eìec wc i`nt dîware`nw farw wak ct waswîgk`nr`mc `rtningnck" K„cwzægc fse`nbc ` tckkcecbt dcr`nwabw dc wc dîmaøtcr d„ckkc%eìec ps„ckkc bc zcst pscgfcrgfcr ê wc dîtrsnrc+ as ê wc tr`bwiarecr cb sbc`strc cwzægc+ nbarm`bnpsc+ `rtningnckkc+ w`bw gaskcsr bnadcsr+ w`bw srnbc bn wscsr+ w`bw zc`sv eartcw bn w`bwm`| dc dnmcwtnab 8 wc dîtrsnrc ê wc f`ár z`r r`gnwec ‗ctfbnpsc as dc gk`wwc wagn`kc ‗ nbtcrzawî" Kc e`psnk%k`mc+ k` f`stc gastsrc+ k` gfnrsrmnc cwtfîtnpsc as kcwoabbcw e`bnærcw bc wabt psc dcw znw%`kkcr cb `ttcb%d`bt kcw ceockknwwcecbtw g`znt`sv dc k„cwzægc en%

fse`nbc"I`gc ê gcttc dîin`bgc cvzrneîc cbycrw gc ps„nkw wabt+kcw @ròa%e`mfrîonbw abt `swwn dîyckazzî sb f~mnî%bnwec astr`bgncr+ sb gsktc aowcwwnabbck dc k` zsrctîawtcbwnokc+ psn kcsr i`nt dîware`nw wc z`y`bcr gaeecdcw dabbcsrw dc kcíabw d„f~mnæbc ct dc w`yanr%ynyrc"

Gc bc wabt psc dcw cvcezkcw zasr yasw eabtrcrgaeecbt kcw mcbw+ cb k„aggsrrcbgc kcw Ir`bí`nw dc k`Y`wc+ abt k„cwzrnt wn e`k tasrbî psc gck` rckæyc dc k`zw~gfn`trnc" E`nw ps`bd yasw ycrrc| k` ecrdc psc kcwIr`bí`nw abt d`bw k` tìtc+ zcbwc| ê gckkc psc yasw `yc|d`bw k` yôtrc+ z`rgc psc bc yasw nkkswnabbc| z`w+ yasw

ìtcw tasw dc k` eìec cwzægc ecrdcswc" K` gf`wwc `sv



??0

wargnærcw+ k` dnòaknw`tnab+ k` g`kaebnc… gfncr wsr kcw`strcw zasr yasw wask`mcr dc yaw ecrdcw+ g„cwt gc psc

yasw i`ntcw tasw" Kcw grîtnbw ir`bí`nw eîzrnwcbt kcwrîmnecw `ròa%e`mfrîonbw tat`knt`nrcw ct kcsr lswtngccvzîdntnyc+ `karw ps„csv lsmcbt ct gabdèbcbt wsr kò`wc dc r`matw zcrycrw ct e`kycnkk`btw wsr iabd d„`zrnarn r`gnwtc as cbgarc zsrnt`nb"

G„cwt z`rtast z`rcnk" Sb bayngc ct eakk`wwab lcsbciare`tcsr o`w`bî rcezk`gc sb dîz`rt ê k` rctr`ntc 1 Nkwcr` neeîdn`tcecbt cbtr`âbî wsr kc tcrr`nb tr`bgf`btdcw ontcw estnkîcw+ fnwtanrc dc yîrnincr w„nk cwt sb yr`nIr`bí`nw 8 k` pscwtnab cwt iabdècbt`kc+ zasr kcwb`tnab`knwtcw rciaskîw ct îgr`wîw z`r kc t`kab oattîdcw rcknmna%i`wgnwtcw cb mscrrc irandc+ dc w`yanr w„nk `nbtîmrî k` gsktsrc ir`bí`nwc as z`w+ w„nk zcst ìtrcgabwndîrî gaeec sb Ir`bí`nw as z`w" Z`w gcksn%kê < g„cwt`ycg sb `ycs îfabtî ct sb wasrnrc nbgabwgncbt ps„nkcvzknpscr` w„ìtrc i`nt wòrcr kc ynt" Kcw gcryc`sv

rcztnkncbw dcw bîa%Ir`bí`nw+ wasiir`bt w`bw e`k d„sbgaezkcvc dc wszîrnarntî as d„sbc tcrrcsr dnwwneskîc&w„`mnww`bt batèecbt ds bòat bîa%ockmc ct dc kòardnkkc zartsm`nwc.+ w„cezrcwwcrabt `karw d„nezrnecr+d`bw kcsr dcecsrî rczkn wsr wan+ k` g`rtc d„ndcbtntî dsestnkî dc mscrrc gsktsrckkc 8 wsr iabd dc rnrc mîbîr`%

knwî+ cvargnwtc+ eapscsr ct eîzrnw`bt < gcgn b„cwt z`w



???

sb yr`n Ir`bí`nw &¨ lc rîzætc+ gcgn b„cwt z`w sb yr`nIr`bí`nw ¸.+ e`nw sb wzîgnecb `ròa%e`mfrîonb nbtra%

dsnt cb Ir`bgc zasr îtòknr sbc z`wwcrckkc `btfrazaka%mnpsc+ îgabaenpsc+ mîa%zakntnpsc ct inb`bgnærc+ cbtrck„Csrazc ct k„@irnpsc ds Bard69"&Kc gfci d„cwg`drab bc gabb`ât z`w kcw kamngnckw dabt nkcwt gcbwî cbwcnmbcr k„sw`mc+ e`nw `s kncs dc w„~ `ttckcr+nk ynwnabbc dcw dcwwnbw `bneîw l`zab`nw+ nk wc zrîk`wwc`s wakcnk cb osy`bt ds gìî+ cb ise`bt ct cb o`y`ww`bt`ycg gcsv psn cb iabt `st`bt+ `ttcbd`bt dc yasw psci`wwnc| dc k„`wwnwt`bgc zîd`mamnpsc `szræw dc gcsv psniabt gaeec ksn+ z`rgc psc yasw `yc| zrnw wsr yawwanrîcw zasr `zzrcbdrc gc psc kc iare`tcsr bc zrcbdz`w k` zcnbc d„`zzrcbdrc" Kcw eastabw wc zk`nbdrabtoncb ds i`nt ps„¨ ab &kc iare`tcsr. basw kc eabtrc z`w

í` &gc psc yasw `yc| `zzrnw z`r yasw%eìecw. ! ¸ E`nw

69 K` yag`tnab dc gcsv psn abt kc yîrntòkc zasyanr+ gcksn dc k„`rmcbt+g„cwt dc rîmbcr wsr kc eabdc" Gaeec `ycg tast ceznrc+ psn bc zcstgabpsîrnr ct w„nezk`btcr dsròkcecbt w`bw gaezkngntî ct w`bwtr`fnwab+ nkw nbtæmrcbt d`bw kcsr ceznrc kcw gsktsrcw ct kcwrcknmnabw cvnwt`btcw+ cb `gfct`bt kcw tcb`btw dc gcw gsktsrcw ct

dc gcw rcknmnabw &k„`starntî g`tfaknpsc cwt e`bnicwtcecbt tcbsc dci`yarnwcr k„neenmr`tnab dc e`wwc `ròa%ìra%e`mfrîonbc batè%ecbt+ zasr r`gfctcr wab z`wwî.+ zkstôt psc d„`yanr ê rci`nrc kceabdc cb o`k`~`bt `starnt`nrcecbt tastcw kcw gsktsrcw d„sb rcycrwdc e`nb" Tast gc psn cbtr`yc k` gabwtntstnab d„sb zasyanr mkao`kwcr` `tt`psî" Ab nbtcrdnr` z`r cvcezkc tastc grntnpsc zcrtnbcbtcdcw rcknmnabw onoknpscw &w`si ds g`tfakngnwec+ psn b„cwt dîlê zksw

psc kc i`btôec dc ksn%eìec+ sb arnzc`s dîk`yî ct yndî dc w`wsowt`bgc.+ tast gabtrôkc dcw irabtnærcw wcr` cezìgfî"



??7

ps`bd yasw kcsr icrc| rce`rpscr psc k„nbiare`tnab wctrasyc d`bw tckkc z`mc ds e`bsck knwnokc cb 3 enb+ nkw

rîzabdrabt+ cb wcgas`bt k` e`nb ct cb dîtasrb`bt k`tìtc < ¨ Nk i`st knrc 1 Faì ! ¸" G`r nk cwt dcw lcsbcw ctyncsv `dsktcw psn `ttcbdcbt d„ìtrc zrnw cb gf`rmcgaeec dcw enbcsrw+ kê aþ tast rczawc wsr sb ps`wn`sta%`zzrcbtnww`mc wnezkcecbt msndî+ wsrycnkkî+ gabtrô%kî" Nkw cvzîrnecbtcbt sb gfag dcw gsktsrcw gaeec gcksndcw k~gîcbw psn cbtrcbt ê k„sbnycrwntî w`bw `yanr îtîecbt`kcecbt zrîz`rîw z`r kcsrw zrîdîgcwwcsrw"Yasw `yc| gaezrnw 1 Nk cwt dc k` gabb`nww`bgc gaeecdc k„`rmcbt as dcw rck`tnabw < nk ~ ` tastc sbc gasgfcd„nbdnyndsw psn ycskcbt cb zraintcr ds wcsk i`nt dcw„ìtrc gakkîw ê yasw 8 nkw wabt `dcztcw dc k` t`v`tnabdcw rngfcw ê kcsr zraint+ psc k` rngfcwwc want kc isnt

d„sb tr`y`nk `gf`rbî as nbdøecbt nwwsc dc k` wzî%gsk`tnab ct dcw zragîdîw eìncsv" Kc eanbdrc wnmbc psndabbc k„nezrcwwnab psc yasw `yc| zksw ps„csv+ kèanbdrc `ttntsdc psn kcsr k`nwwc zcbwcr psc yasw w`yc|zksw ps„csv+ neeîdn`tcecbt yasw tr`bwiarec ê kcsrw ~csv cb mnoncr ê dîgfnpsctcr ct ê dîzasnkkcr ê kcsr

zraint" G„cwt `nbwn psc oc`sgasz dc Ir`bí`nw dc k` Y`wcbc gaezrcbbcbt z`w zasrpsan kcw cbtrczrcbcsrw ctiartsbîw i`nwcsrw dc Ir`bgc bc kcw zrcbbcbt z`w cbgf`rmc oncb psc k` B`tsrc kcw `nt gakkî ê csv z`rk„arnmnbc ctfbnga%gsktsrckkc".Wn kc Ir`bga%e`mfrîonb rcwwceokc ê sb Ir`bí`nw+ e`nw

ps„nk bc zrîwcbtc z`w kcw `strcw g`r`gtîrnwtnpscw ds



??4

Ir`bí`nw t~zc+ nk rczrîwcbtcr` tast gc psc kcw b`tnab`%knwtcw r`gnwtcw rcdastcbt ct cvægrcbt < k„`rònw`tnab dc

k` Ir`bgc 8 as k` Ir`bgc psn wc zcszkc dc i`gcw dcIr`bí`nw `s bae dc eîtæpsc ct ê k` ontc dc Lsni"Gcrt`nbw+ eanbw r`gnwtcw ndîakamnpscecbt psc zcsrcsvas zcrzkcvcw+ `swgsktcrabt kc eïtnbî zasr lsmcr ‗ ct`zzrasycr as rclctcr ‗ kc gaght`nk `ròa%csrazîcb+ ctdabg yatrc neenmr`tnab" Yasw bc wsonrc| z`w gc wasr%banw nbtcrram`tanrc wn yasw b„ìtcw z`w dc b`tnab`kntîir`bí`nwc 8 wn yatrc bae+ yatrc b`tnab`kntî+ yatrc i`gnæwct yatrc rcknmnab wabt gabiarecw `s wgfîe` ecbt`k dcwIr`bí`nw dc k` Y`wc" Yasw wcrc| tast oabbcecbt zcr%ísw gaeec dcw îtr`bmcrw+ ct nkw dîg`kpscrabt wsr yaswtasw kcw ` zrnarn ps„nkw abt wsr kcw îtr`bmcrw"&W„nkw w„`ggaeeadcbt wnezkcecbt dcw on%b`tnab`sv

Ir`bí`nw dc z`zncr cvatnpscw+ gaeec d„sb yanwnb`mcdabt ab bc i`nt z`w w` zrazrc iènkkc+ kcw eanbw r`gnw%tcw dcw Ir`bí`nw `tt`gfîw ê kcsr gsktsrc ir`bí`nwcgabdntnabbcrabt kcsr `ggczt`tnab ds wzîgnecb cvatnga%ok`bgfïtrc ê w` yakabtî e`bnicwtc d„`wwnenk`tnab" Nkww„cezkancrabt `karw ê k„nbtîmrcr cb ksn nbgskps`bt kc

eadc dc ync ê k` Ir`bí`nwc+ zasr cb i`nrc sb Ir`bí`nwgaeec sb Ir`bga%csrazîcb"Ba~îw d`bw sb cvzîrnecbt`k trno`knwec zksrn%ctfbnpsc+kcw dîgsktsrîw dc tastcw arnmnbcw iarecbt dîware`nwsb mraszc dîr`gnbî psn b„` dc gsktsrc psc kc zat`mc lsdîa%fakk~}aadncb ct èîrng`ba%tîkîynwî+ `ycg zasr

e~wtnpsc kc gsktc dc k` zst`wwcrnc+ dc k„`zz`rcbgc+ dc



??3

k` gsktsrc zf~wnpsc+ dc k„`rmcbt ct dcw zctntw zasyanrwdîrnwanrcw ps„nkw dabbcbt îycbtsckkcecbt+ wsr kcw zctntw

z`ren kcw zctntw" Gcsv%kê bc zcbwcbt z`w kcw cblcsv dcgnynknw`tnab" Nkw ycskcbt gc psc kcsr wsmmærcbt kcw zrcw%grnztcsrw îgabaenpscw+ kcw zrìtrcw eîdn`tnpscw+ yanrckcw `rtnwtcw ê wcbw`tnab"Ps`bt `sv r`gn`knwtcw ctfbagcbtrnpscw+ csv wabt rîis%mnîw d`bw kcsrw dcrbncrw rctr`bgfcecbtw b`tnab`knwtcw+rcgrapscynkkîw d`bw kcsrw cbtrc wan `wwnîmîw cb zrn`btzasr ps„sbc Okabdc zrayndcbtnckkc rcwt`src kcsr ynrnkntî+kcsr dnmbntî+ kcsr incrtî+ kcsr y`bntî+ kcsr `rram`bgc+kcsr wszîrnarntî".Yasw yankê zrîycbsw 8 kcw mraszcw d„`bne`sv fse`nbw wcgaezawcbt ps`wnecbt tasw dc k` eìec i`íab+ `ycg kcweìecw t~zcw d„nbdnyndsw" Cb k„aggsrrcbgc+ nkw gabtncb%

bcbt tasw sb nbdnynds îzasy`btî z`r k` zr`tnpsc dc k`gnrgabgnwnab" Gnrgabgnwnab+ cvgnwnab… k„ndîc eìec dc gcwzr`tnpscw tr`se`tnwc oc`sgasz dc mcbw+ w`gfc|%kc"Zasr csv+ yasw ìtcw dc k` r`gc dcw `bne`sv granwîw`ycg kcw dîeabw" E`nw fcsrcswcecbt zasr yasw+ nkw bcyancbt z`w zksw kanb psc kc oast dc kcsr wcvc+ wn oncb

ps„nk yasw wsiinr` dc dîontcr sb zrîtcvtc dîonkc zasr lswtnincr gc psc yasw zr`tnpsc|+ nkw wcrabt r`wwsrîw 8¨ g„cwt zasr k„f~mnæbc ¸+ ¨ g„cwt rcgaee`bdî z`r kcwzksw mr`bdw wgncbtninpscw dc tasw kcw tcezw ct dc tastk„sbnycrw ¸+ ¨ g„cwt batrc dncs psn basw k„nezawc+ zasri`nrc dc basw dcw ranw+ dcw dncsv+ dcw ksenærcw+ dcw

oc`sv+ dcw zrazrcw+ dcw e`mbninpscw+ dcw znkabbcsrw



??9

d„`bsw ct dc y`mnb ¸" Kcsr cwzrnt zrnentni wc dnr` <¨ Asi+ í` y`+ nkw abt sbc r`nwab dc estnkcr kcw wcvcw"

Nkw iabgtnabbcbt dabg `ycg k` r`nwab" Nkw bc wabt z`wgaezkætcecbt nrr`tnabbckw+ nezrîynwnokcw+ w`sy`mcw 8 nkwwceokcbt eìec dnynbcecbt nbmîbncsv" ¸6= Zasr bc z`w z`r`âtrc nbgafîrcbtw as znrc+ dîknr`btw+wa~c| wnezknwtcw 8 d`bw yatrc dnwgasrw+ d`bw yatrcgaezartcecbt… wnezkcw+ zrîynwnokcw+ e`bngfîcbw" Cyn%tc| k` bs`bgc ct k` wsotnkntî" Yasw `src| k„`nr bare`sv+yasw bc wswgntcrc| z`w k„nbpsnîtsdc+ k` eîin`bgc as k`gr`nbtc 8 gaeec tasw kcw `bne`sv dc k` lsbmkc+ nkw abtocwanb dc yasw yanr ycbnr ct dc yasw gcrbcr… nk i`st kcwk`nwwcr wc i`nrc sbc rczrîwcbt`tnab dc yasw+ eìeccrrabîc+ e`nw sbc rczrîwcbt`tnab psn kcw r`wwsrc+batèecbt ps`bd gcttc rczrîwcbt`tnab kcsr zcrect dc

wc wcbtnr wszîrncsrw ê yasw" Kc znrc psc yasw zsnwwnc|

6= G„cwt ê gc mcbrc d„nbdnyndsw zrne`nrcw psc kcw eîdn`w `sv ardrcwgfcrgfcbt ê zrîwcbtcr k„nwkè wasw sb oab zraink < cb cvfno`bt dcwir`bí`nwcw gabycrtncw ct dnzkôeîcw &wasw%cbtcbds r`nwabb`btcw+z`w tat`kcecbt ndnatcw." G„cwt `nbwn ps„`sv zcrwabbcw nbwtrsntcw ctzrîwcbtòkcw wabt `wwagnîcw dcw y`kcsrw ê ycbdrc as dcw zr`tnpscw ê

zraeasyanr 8 gaeec kc wasrn`bt eîdcgnb cb okaswc ok`bgfc zasrycbdrc sb rceædc dc gf`rk`t`b" Ctr`bmcecbt kcw zraz`m`bdnwtcw bczraecsycbt z`w kcw tfæwcw b`tnab`knwtcw+ r`gnwtcw as enwam~bcw+ cbdabb`bt cb cvcezkc kcw zksw nbwtrsntw+ kcw zksw îrsdntw+ kcw zkswr`tnabbckw+ kcw zksw zrîwcbtòkcw b`tnab`knwtcw+ r`gnwtcw asenwam~bcw 8 nkw bc dabbcbt ê yanr psc ds grïbc r`wî" Gcttc eîtfadcnkkswtrc ê psan tncbt k` kîmntne`tnab dcw eacsrw+ dcw kanw+ dcw

zrnbgnzcw < ê dcw zragîdîw e`kfabbìtcw+ z`rtn`sv+ dîka~`sv+ iasrocw+dîeabn`pscw"



??=

i`nrc wcr`nt dc kcw nbtrnmscr as dc kcw ciir`~cr 8 g`r`karw kcsr cwzrnt zrnentni &psn cwt gaeesb `sv dnzkôeîw

gaeec `sv bab dnzkôeîw+ psanpsc kcw zksw dnzkôeîwzsnwwcbt ìtrc zksw `nwîecbt r`nwabbîw. wc ecttr` êdîknrcr+ i`bt`wecr+ f`kksgnbcr+ zasr wc ecttrc êdîontcr dcw r`matw+ ê yasw `ttrnoscr dcw eîi`ntw+ êyasw `ggswcr dc tasw kcw tr`ycrw+ dc tasw kcw tartw+ dctastcw kcw t`rcw+ dc tastcw kcw e`ki`íabw" Kcsr cwzrnt`bne`k `sr` sbc aowcwwnab < yasw dnòaknwcr &yasw kcweastabw banrw+ kcw nbtrnm`btw+ kcw îtr`bmcrw.+ yaswgf`wwcr+ yasw eakcwtcr+ yasw i`nrc dnwz`r`âtrc+ yaswîknenbcr &ê dîi`st dc zasyanr kc i`nrc orst`kcecbt+wckab kcw zragîdîw zîb`kcecbt gabdèbòkcw+ gcw`bne`sv daecwtnpsîw ct eswckîw z`r dcw kanw zragædc%rabt `strcecbt < z`r kc dîbnmrcecbt w~wtîe`tnpsc+ dî%

orndî+ cvtr`y`m`bt+ i`b`tnpsc+ cvgntî." Encsv y`stz`r`âtrc wnezkc d„cwzrnt psc zcbwcsr as nbtckknmcbt"Gck` r`wwsrc+ t`bt k` e`wwc eastabbnærc psc k„aknm`r%gfnc dabt kc zasyanr tncbt ê `swwn zcs dc gfawcw psc kècbt`kntî z`wwnyc dc k` e`wwc mrîm`nrc 8 nkw z`r`nwwcbtmr`bdw+ iartw ct zsnww`btw+ z`rgc psc k` e`wwc rcwtc ê

mcbasv+ z`tncbtc ct dagnkc+ nbgabwgncbtc ct gaezkngc+gaeec nbdniiîrcbtc ê wab wart"Dntcw dabg psc yasw estnkc| kcw wcvcw z`rgc psc¨ g„cwt zksw zrazrc ¸+ nkw b„nrabt z`w gfcrgfcr zkswkanb66" Kcw eïkcw dcw gabiartòkcw ct `wcztnwîcw

66

Nkw bc gfcrgfcrabt z`w d`y`bt`mc ê w`yanr zasrpsan dcwE`rag`nbcw gabwsktcbt dnwgrætcecbt kcw A"B"M" nbwt`kkîcw `s E`rag+



??6

wagnîtîw bîa%iîenbnwtcw `~`bt îtî îkcyîw `ycg kcwinkkcw+ sb zcs gaeec dcw inkkcw oncb îkcyîcw+ wcrabt

træw rîgcztniw ê gc zrîtcvtc f~mnîbnwtc"E`nw `ttcbtnab ! W„nkw z`ryncbbcbt ê k„`decttrc ê zrazawds wcvc e`wgsknb+ nkw bc z`ryncbbcbt z`w ê k„`decttrc êzrazaw ds wcvc iîenbnb" Nkw wasiircbt d„sb okag`mcecbt`k bîa%nbi`btnkc ct bîa%iîenbnwtc psn bc kcw i`ntz`w wasiirnr+ ct ps„nkw b„îzrasycbt dabg z`w kc ocwanb dctr`ntcr < tr`ntcr dc k`nd+ dc w`kc+ dc zs`bt ct dcgakzartcsr dc e`k`dncw kc wcvc iîenbnb ps„nk i`st `karwgnrgabgnrc+ g„cwt d`bw kcsr cwzrnt zrnentni gaeectr`ntcr `nbwn kcsr eærc 8 g`r k` zksz`rt dcw bòatwok`bgfïtrcw rcezk`gcbt kcsr eærc z`r sbc gaez`mbcwcvsckkc" Kcsr cwzrnt zrnentni gabwndærc gaeec sbnbgcwtc kc r`zzart wcvsck `ycg gf`psc iceec+ e`nw

kcsr gabwgncbgc wc fcsrtc ê k` ear`kc psn zrafnock„nbgcwtc+ wn oncb ps„nkw rciaskcbt k„ndîc ps„nkw abt sbc`zzragfc nbgcwtscswc ds r`zzart wcvsck6>" G„cwt

ìnb dc i`nrc fabtcswcecbt `swgsktcr kcsr grèasnkkc zasrrnc" Nkwb„nrabt z`w wc dnrc < zsnwpsc k` gnrgabgnwnab îyntc ê yaw faeecw kcw

ìicgtnabw dc k` ycrmc+ zasrpsan yaw iceecw bc wabt%ckkcw z`wgnrgabgnwcw dc k` yskyc 16> Ab trasyc gcttc zrazcbwnab ê k„nbgcwtc ‗ cbtrc irærc ct wŗsrgaeec cbtrc gaswnb ct gaswnbc ‗ d`bw kcsr nezîrncsv ocwanb`bne`k dc w„neenwgcr d`bw k` ync nbtnec dc gcsv `ycg psn nkwz`rt`mcbt k` ync psatndncbbc ct dc psn nkw cvnmcbt sb ît`k`mcnbdîgcbt cb `kk`bt lswps„ê iasnbcr d`bw gcttc ync zrnyîc zasr cb

gabb`âtrc kcw eanbdrcw dît`nkw+ ps„nkw ît`kcrabt d`bw kcsrw gcrgkcwdc gabb`nww`bgcw"



??>

gaeec gfc| yasw+ lc zrîwsec < z`rkcr dcw iceecwrcyncbt ê z`rkcr dcw eærcw" Kc tcrec dc ¨ zstc ¸ cwt

dabg rîwcryî ê sbc g`tîmarnc oncb zrîgnwc dc iceecw+oncb dnwtnbgtc dc gckkc dcw eærcw 8 oncb psc k` eantnîdcw mcbw wc gaezartcbt gaeec dcw zstcw+ ps`bd gcb„cwt z`w gaeec dcw oìtcw+ gc psn wnmbninc psc k` eantnîdcw mcbw wc gaezartcbt gaeec dcw cbi`btw dc zst`nb"Kcw bòatw wc eîincbt dc yasw+ eîinc|%yasw dcwbòatw 8 eîinc|%yasw dabg d„@rb`sd Kcz`woc`s" Wn yaswbc gabycbc| z`w ê gct nbiïec w`dnpsc `b`k+ `zræw kcw`kkswnabw ct kcw nbwnbs`tnabw+ gcttc gf`rambc mr`wwczasrr`nt i`nrc nbtcrycbnr kcw mraw or`w ct kcw mr`bdcwmscskcw zrîfnwtarnpscw+ ìnb dc yasw i`nrc gaezrcbdrcdc e`bnærc zksw dnrcgtc psc yasw dcyc| yaswgabiarecr ê gc psn ksn zk`nt+ i`stc dc psan k` Traszc

Wò`t` zasrr`nt oncb i`nrc gaeec gcsv psn bc zcsycbtz`w zksw yanr kcw Mnt`bw psc gcw dcrbncrw bc zcsycbtyasw wcbtnr < ¨ Ab cwt `kkî yanr kc Dnrcgtcsr ct ab ksn `dnt < /W„nk rcbtrc cb gk`wwc+ basw ab wart"/ ¸ G„cwt d„`nk%kcsrw gc t~zc dc ecb`gc psc zasrr`nt yasw k`bgcr kcbîa%eìncsv trno`k psn bc wszzartc z`w psc tast kc

eabdc bc e`rgfc z`w `s z`w gaeec tast kc eabdc&z`rgc ps„nk bc wszzartc z`w kcw @strcw 8 k„cwzægc dcbîa%zartsm`nw+ gcksn psn cwt ynwnokcecbt bn d„arnmnbcbardnpsc bn dc wasgfc ir`bí`nwc+ e`nw psn cwt gcrt`n%bcecbt kc bnæec dcwgcbd`bt d„neenmrîw ê i`nrc ds |ækcb`tnab`knwtc+ gk`bnpsc+ zasr wnmbnincr w` z`ri`ntc nbtî%

mr`tnab. 8 cb k„aggsrrcbgc+ psc psckps„sb bc oanyc z`w



?7:

dc gìî ¨ gaeec tast kc eabdc ¸ karw d„sbc rîsbnab dcgf`btncr &kc gìînwec cwt kc bnæec w~eztôec dcw zcr%

wabb`kntîw nbtîmrnwtcw+ `ycg k„`kgaaknwec as kc tò`%mnwec. < ¨ W„nk i`nt í` wsr sb gf`btncr+ í` y` ksn i`nrcdrôkc" ¸ &`nbwn z`rkcbt gcsv psn grancbt zasyanr i`nrckcsr kan z`rgc ps„nkw b„abt lè`nw îtî rcenw cb zk`gcd`bw sb trnosb`k."E`nw cbinb+ k` kan ds zksw iart+ k` zrcwwnab wagn`kc+k„ciict dc e`wwc+ yasw gabb`nwwc|+ fcnb ! Yasw w`yc| wnoncb k` ecttrc cb acsyrc zasr estnkcr wcvsckkcecbtyaw mawwcw dîzcbd`btw ct w`bw dîicbwc"Ct zcbd`bt psc yasw ~ ìtcw+ eîinc|%yasw `swwn dc gcsvpsn zcbwcbt `ycg kcsr ontc+ ct psn z`rkcbt gabtnbsck%kcecbt dc ¨ bnpscr ¸ < nkw ¨ bnpscbt ¸ `swwn `s wcbwinmsrî 8 zîbîtr`bt k„nbtnentî dcw mcbw+ dc gcsv ps„nkw

nbtcrramcbt wsr kcsr ync zrnyîc+ zasr dîok`tîrcr wsrkcsr gaeztc+ ct kcw tr`fnr &`ycg k„sb nkw z`rkcbt wsr kcdaw dc k„`strc+ `ycg k„`strc nkw z`rkcbt wsr kc daw dck„sb+ wsr k` o`wc dc gc psc gf`gsb ` zs dnrc dc k„`strc."W„nkw bc rcgfnmbcbt z`w ê ît`kcr kcsr zrazrc ync zrnyîc+g„cwt ps„nkw wabt ds mcbrc ¨ z`rtas|csrw ¸ 8 nkw wabt

zrìtw ê i`nrc k` zstc+ ê wsgcr ct ê wc i`nrc wadaenwcrzasr `wwsrcr kcsr wsrync ct kcsr zrawzîrntî" Tcbc|%yasw kc zasr dnt"



?70

Lc yasw `n dnt ps„nk yasw i`sdr` w`bw dastc yasw iarecrzasr cwzîrcr zasyanr tr`y`nkkcr cb Ir`bgc+ as wnezkc%

ecbt zasr zasyanr gaeesbnpscr `ycg kcw Ir`bí`nw w`bwkcw ciir`~cr+ cb kcsr cbya~`bt dcw wnmb`sv dc dîtrcwwc&¨ Lc ec wsnw nbgrswtî cb Ir`bgc gk`bdcwtnbcecbt 8 lcwsnw sb w`bw%z`zncrw mr`gncswcecbt fîocrmî d`bw sbcîmknwc 8 g„cwt sbc fabtc+ g„cwt sb wg`bd`kc+ g„cwt fsen%kn`bt 8 l„cvnmc d„`yanr sb kamcecbt dîgcbt ! ¸+ ¨ zkcsrc|wsr batrc enwærc gaeec kcw nbgnrgabgnwcw iceeckcttcwpsc yasw ìtcw+ ycbc|%basw cb `ndc+ `ndc|%basw ê yaswe`rgfcr dcwwsw+ wcryc|%basw dc e`rgfczncd ct i`ntcw%basw k` gasrtc îgfckkc+ g`r basw+ basw waeecw dcwfaeecw+ dcw yr`nw+ ynrnkw+ iîgabdw+ iartw+ ynmasrcsv+zkcnbw dc mîbnc ct dc dnynbntî+ w`bw zcsr ct w`bwrczragfc ¸>:. as dc dîtcbtc &¨ Oablasr ! Lc zcsv yasw

aiirnr sbc gnm`rcttc… gabtrc dcsv csraw 1 Bab 1 @karwsb ya~`mc `s E`rag+ tasw ir`nw z`~îw+ d`bw eab rn`d cboard dc ecr… gabtrc yatrc gnrgabgnwnab ct sb e`rn`mcok`bg `ycg e` wacsr" ¸."

>: Basw waeecw gabiarecw ê k` wagnîtî èîrng`bnwîc aþ tast kceabdc oaeoc kc tarwc+ mabikc kcw eswgkcw+ iargc kcw tr`ntw+ zrcbddcw `nrw yngtarncsv+ `ycg earmsc ct `rram`bgc… e`nw `s eanbdrc`ggrag+ dc tastc srmcbgc nk basw i`st sbc gckkskc dc grnwc+ `ycg`wwnwt`bgc zw~gfakamnpsc+ ar`nwab+ ga`gf+ masras+ ct zw~gfatra%zcw… zasr basw zcrecttrc d„`wwsrcr batrc rôkc dc wszcr fîraw dcsktr` f`stc gaezîtntnab" Ckkc cwt wn dniingnkc+ k` ync dcw wszcr

eastabw `ttckîw `sv ardabb`bgcw ct dnrcgtnycw gag`ábnpscw dcwwszcr e`rnabbcttnwtcw !



?7?

&Ckkc ` cww`~î dc ecttrc kc mr`zznb wsr sb gab dcIr`bgc cb tcbt`bt dc k„`ggragfcr wsr kcw rîwc`sv dc

z`rt`mc dc ingfncrw &cf as`nw ! k` Ir`bgc b„cwt z`w k`wcskc ê oîbîingncr dc k` tcgfbakamnc èîrng`nbc. 8gaeec sbc zrîd`trngc psn tr`psc w` zranc+ kc mcwtc yni+k„ŗnk ìiøtî+ k„`nr dîgndî+ wørc dc wab oab drant+ `bneîcz`r w` yar`gc i`ne dc ycbnr cbmr`nwwcr w` gckkskntc cbIr`bgc+ w`bw irand `sv ~csv `sgsb+ ckkc cbm`mc`nt sbcgabycrw`tnab zasr dce`bdcr ê k„nbtcrb`stc wab wcvc+wab kncs d„fònt`tnab+ wab zraicwwnab… `y`bt dc orst`%kcecbt wc dîgabbcgtcr wn kcw rîzabwcw bc ksn gabyc%b`ncbt z`w"K` iceckkc tarrîinîc bc wc zrcbd z`w zasr sbc ecrdc+e`nw zasr sbc zrîgncswc psn `ttcbd d„ìtrc nbtrabnwîc ctdarîc ê k„ar inb &z`w `ycg k„ar dc z`gatnkkc dcw z`~w

e`mfrîonbw+ fcnb !.+ cvnmc`bt ds dcwtnb gaeec sbcrcnbc ardabb`bt psc k„ab yncbbc k` o`nmbcr+ k` ganiicr+ kè`psnkkcr+ k` gawtsecr ct k` z`rcr dc onlasv" @karw ckkccwt `kkîc wc i`nrc zcrwnkkcr d`bw kc Makic Zcrwnpsc+ aþkcw lascsrw ds Makic cb abt i`nt sbc zrawtntsîc ps„nkwabt i`nt taeocr d`bw tasw kcw trasw ds Ea~cb%Arncbt"

&¨ Cbpsìtc" Cwgk`y`mc wcvsck ¸ < fttz<}}}"tckpsck%abknbc"gae?=?gasycrtsrcQ?=?"wftek.W` y`bntî ksn ` i`nt zrîtcbdrc `sv Enkkcw ct sbc bsntw+wab gab ksn ` i`nt gabb`âtrc kcw enkkc ct sb g`sgfce`rw"K` yankê dc rctasr wsr tcrrc+ w`bw z`r`gfstc darî"Dabg+ e`nbtcb`bt ab cww`nc dc k` g`wcr `ycg kcw ea~cbwds oard+ cb ksn gfcrgf`bt sb gab psn `ggcztcr` dc i`nrc

http://www.telquel-online.com/272/couverture_272.shtml





?77

k` zstc ê 03:: ₫+ cb wc e`rn`bt sb tcezw `ycg e`wŗsr+ kc tcezw ps„ckkc zsnwwc zrcbdrc r`gnbc cb Ir`bgc

ct ecttrc kcw zncdw d`bw kc zk`t".E`nw yankê" Cbtrc oabbcw nbtcbtnabw ct g`kgskw g`rrnî%rnwtcw as zakntnpscw+ nk wc zasrr`nt psc yasw i`wwnc| sbce`sy`nwc cvzîrncbgc `ycg gc psn dcyr` ìtrc k` gf`bgcdc yatrc ync" K„cbdrant psn yasw wcr` zrîwcbtî gaeecsb kncs d„îtsdc zasrr`nt rcwwceokcr ê sb gcbtrc dcrcdrcwwcecbt+ sbc îgakc dc k` garrsztnab ct dc k`zrawtntstnab 8 k„`kgaaknwec `ycg+ k` zasdrc ok`bgfc cbeanbw+ e`nw lè`nw w`bw rîwnbc dc g`bbònw &í` rèakkntkc gcryc`s ct í` dîtcbd k„`bsw 8 `gtnyntîw zrîz`r`tanrcwzasr k` wsntc dc yatrc wîlasr.+ gaeec z`rtast aþ wctrasycbt dcw mcbw oncb dc gfc| yasw+ ct lè`nw w`bw¨ tîkîzfabc `ròc ¸"

XO`ycttc dc onwtrat[U Zwwt ! Yasw kc w`ync| 1 K` inkkc dsmraszc+ g„cwt kc tranwnæec psn ksn z`wwc dcwwsw" Tast dceìec ! Kc bseîra tranw cwt sb oastc%cb%tr`nb psn yncbtd„`yanr sb oîoî+ zasr kcpsck ab w„cwt gatnwî" Nk dcy`ntìtrc tckkcecbt irswtrî wcvsckkcecbt ps„nk ` traezî wìceec `ycg sbc inkkc kîmærc psn bc dabbcr` z`w wsntc"

Nkw wc wabt oncb èswîw+ e`nw ckkc bc ycst z`w `kkcr zkswkanb" Kc yankê dabg w`bw zksw bn iceec bn è`btc"Ckkc b„` rncb d`bw k` tìtc+ ckkc+ ps`bd eìec+ as `karwg„cwt sbc w`kazc &ckkc ` kc gaezartcecbt nrrcwzabwòkcpsc kcw iîenbnwtcw abt rcycbdnpsî zasr kcw iceecw+i`nw`bt ds drant iîenbnwtc ê k„èasr knorc sb drant psn

wszzk`btc tastcw kcw ear`kcw+ tastcw kcw kanw+ tastcw kcw



?74

ræmkcw ds w`yanr%ynyrc+ tastcw kcw ræmkcw dc k„fse`bntî."Ckkc `sr`nt dø ksn dnrc < ¨ Ab w„cbtcbd oncb+ e`nw ts cw

e`rnî+ ts yncbw d„ìtrc zærc+ ab ` rncb ê i`nrc cbwceokc 8wsrtast psc ean lc bc i`nw psc e„èswcr+ lc b„`n z`wk„nbtcbtnab dc ec ecttrc cb gaszkc+ lc tncbw ê eabnbdîzcbd`bgc" ¸"As oncb `karw+ d`bw sb îk`b iîenbnwtc d„nbycrwnab dcwrôkcw+ ckkc `sr` yasks wc ycbmcr wsr sb g`kec g`bb`%onbae`bc îzrnw+ zasr w„ìtrc i`nt mr`wwcecbt k`rmscr+gaeec sbc g`zatc sw`mîc+ z`r Www Tìtc%dc%eart+ kcgrîtnb gfcrgfc%ecrdc psn ` k` dîe`rgfc oasrrsc dsgfncb dc gaeo`t r~tfeî ê k` Tcgfba f`rdgarc &oase%oase%oase%oase%oase%oase%oase%oase%tgfn%tgfn%tgfn%tgfn%tgfn%tgfn%oase%oase%oase%tgfn%oase%tgfn%oase%tgfn%oase%tgfn%oase%tgfn%oase….>0+ ct psn zrî%

>0 Wîo`wtncb &Www. Psnbt`dck`nd k` Tìtc%dc%eart ramb`gbn`nwc+ psnwc dîkcgtc dcw gf`rambcw ise`btcw ct psn w„èswc dcw yndîawd„at`mcw wc i`nw`bt gaszcr k` tìtc `s gastc`s+ ps`bd gc b„cwt z`wgckkc d„sb t~zc psn zcrd wab or`w cb dnrcgt wasw k„nez`gt d„sb tnrdc g`rònbc &¨ zasi+ kc or`w psn taeoc 8 fa%fa%fa ! ¸." K` tcgfba

f`rdgarc bc ksn wsiint+ z`w zksw psc kcw ynakcbtw inkew fakk~%}aadncbw psn dîraskcbt kc t`znw `sv zw~gfaz`tfcw wszcr gambcsrw+`svpsckw nk w„ndcbtninc cb kcw zrcb`bt zasr eadækc+ e`nw w`bwgrîdnonkntî" Nk ` k` dîe`rgfc d„sb gfncb dc gaeo`t+ e`nw kc gcryc`sd„sbc znbt`dc 8 gc psn bc k„cezìgfc z`w dc zrcbdrc kcw mcbw zasrdcw gf`swwcttcw ps„nk lcttc ps`bd ckkcw wabt swîcw" G„cwt sbgfcrgfc%ecrdc psn rcm`rdc dc tr`ycrw e`nw psn w„ìiakc dc gc psn

ksn `rrnyc < ¨ Af+ nk e„`rrnyc gcgn ! ¸ ¨ Af+ nk e„`rrnyc gck` ! ¸ ¨ Ean lc y`nw kc dnrc `s dnrcgtcsr ! ¸ ¨ Gab+ wn lc y`nw cb zrnwab+ nkw abt



?73

tcbd bc gasgfcr ps„`ycg dcw gf`sd`wwcw+ z`w `ycg sbcèsw`btc psn wceokc ê zcnbc cbtrîc d`bw k„`dakcwgcbgc+

ckkc%eìec `~`bt zrî`kòkcecbt kasrdî kc zctnt ar`bm%ast`bm ir`bga%ockmc dc k` iènkkc dcw wsndîw+ kcpsck b„` lè`nw gcwwî dc basrrnr k„cwzanr dc zasyanr cbgarctrnzatcr kcw wcnbw easw dc w` dskgnbîc+ lswps„ê gc ps„nkwc i`wwc ê k„ndîc psc kcsr fnwtanrc ît`nt ock ct oncbtcrenbîc+ ct ps„nk b„`sr` zksw drant ê dc k` mckîc" G„cwtgc psn `rrnyc ps`bd sb gfncb cww`nc dc ¨ wc i`nrc ¸ sbcgf`ttc"K` ynkkc psn b„cwt zksw gc ps„ckkc ît`nt `sr` cs r`nwab dck` tnearîc dnycrtnc+ psn wc wcr` inb`kcecbt zksw aseanbw k`nwwîc tr`bwiarecr cb psn gabyncbt `sv y`wcsv"Zasr dcycbnr sbc inkkc d„`slasrd„fsn… ìinreîc+ dîgn%dîc+ zrîtcbtncswc+ `rram`btc+ gaby`nbgsc `rrnynwtc

nbtîrìt ê zartcr sbc gcnbtsrc dc gf`wtctî" Lc tc kc dnw ean… fî%fî%fî" ¸Kc gfncb psn `nec rcbnikcr k` ecrdc ct psn y` isrctcr d`bw kcwrcgtsew ct kcw zasockkcw" Cbwsntc nk rèæbc ê wab e`âtrc kceìnawa kcw îtrabw wîgfîw ps„nk ` trasyîw" ¨ Oab gfncb ¸+ ksn dnt kceìnawa+ ¨ ts `w oncb tr`y`nkkî ¸" ]asì+ }asì ! Nk cwt gabtcbt+ kc

gfncb%gfncb" Nk cwt cbnyrî z`r kc g`g` ps„nk ` cbgarc d`bw kc bc| ctpsn ksn wart z`r kcw b`rnbcw" G„cwt w` gag`ábc ê ksn" Gfcrgfcr kècrdc gaeec d„`strcw iabt wc iasrbnr cb zasdrc ok`bgfc+ cbz`wtnw as cb g`bbònw"G„cwt sb eîdnagrc Ir`bí`nw psn dce`bdc dc k„`ndc zasr cbwsntc wcy`btcr d„`yanr inbnr wab tr`y`nk+ znkc zank ê k„fcsrc" ¨ Yankê+ ean l„`ninbn" ¸ Nk yasw dce`bdc gaeecbt `ggaezknr sbc tïgfc wsr k`psckkc

ostc kc zksw mr`bd baeorc+ e`nw `s kncs dc zrîgnwcr psc yasw ksn`yc| tast cvzknpsî+ nk dnr` < ¨ Lc w`nw gaeecbt ab i`nt ! ¸



?79

iceec `y`bt k„fcsrc ct tcnmbcswc èîrng`ba%`rònwîcê k` eadc ìra%m`bmwt`+ ckkc `sr` zrnw eadækc wsr kc

msnmbakcwpsc Psnbt`dck`nd ct wab rcm`rd dc gfncbd„`tt`psc+ gaeec wsr w` gaznbc e`rag`nbc ‗ zîtrncd„`rònwec ‗+ ct wsr tast gc ps„ckkc ` zs yanr wsr îgr`b lsdîa%fakk~}aadncb+ zasr `zzrcbdrc gaeecbt g`wtrcrsb ecg cb ksn lct`bt sb rcm`rd y`wcsv dc g`g` e`k`dc`y`bt dc k„`gfcycr cb kc ecb`í`bt dc eatw ynwgîr`sv"Zrcbc| dcw `btnîeîtnpscw+ wn yasw dabbcbt k` b`swîctasw gcw gfncbw e`bmcsrw dc grapscttcw `sv r`matw+csv ct kcsrw ~csv psn ornkkcbt+ kcsr wasrnrc gsrncsv ase`kngncsv+ psn wc m`ycbt dcw ìi`nrcw zrnyîcw w`bw lè`nw w„cb k`wwcr 8 g`r nk cwt dcw r`matw gaeec dcwinkew zarbaw < nkw r`gabtcbt taslasrw k` eìec gfawc&mîbîr`kcecbt sbc fnwtanrc w`bw dîost bn inb+ gaeec

sbc ycrmc gnrgabgnwc.+ e`nw gaeec gc b„cwt lè`nw tastê i`nt `ycg kcw eìecw zcrwabbcw+ gc b„cwt lè`nwyr`necbt k` eìec gfawc" Kc i`nt cwt psc kcw r`matwwabt k` iarec gabycbòkc dcw rîgntw zarbamr`zfnpscw"Gcsv psn zrîtcbdcbt eîzrnwcr k` zarbamr`zfnc `karwps„nkw wc dîkcgtcbt dcw r`matw wabt dcw i`sv%gskw 8

gaeec kcw nbtîmrnwtcw cvatnpscw psn zrîtcbdcbt fabbnrk` gf`rgstcrnc `karw ps„nkw b„abt d„~csv ct d„`zzîtnt psczasr kcw iceecw psn rcwwceokcbt ê dc k` yn`bdcgf`rgstnærc 8 gaeec ps`bd nkw zrîtcbdcbt dîgrncrk„nyrambcrnc dcw `kgaaknpscw `karw ps„csv wc wàskcbt ‗ êeart ‗ cb w„òrcsy`bt lswps„ê k` dcrbnærc kcttrc dc kcsr



?7=

T`kesd as dc kcsr Gar`b+ rîyîk`bt `nbwn kcsr zrazcbwnabê k„nyrambcrnc" XO`ycttc dc onwtratU

Yasw b„ìtcw z`w dcw dîknbps`btw+ e`nw zasr k` wagnîtîyatrc wnts`tnab i`nt dc yasw dcw dîknbps`btw zatcbtnckw"Nk nezartc dabg dc yasw wasecttrc `sv zrnbgnzcw oncbîtòknw rîmnww`bt k` ync cb wagnîtî 8 cb ycrwnab aiin%gncswc+ gck` dabbc < eabtrc| yatrc ontc ct yatrc `bsw`sv gfncbw dc m`rdc+ zasr ps„nkw w„cezrcwwcbt dc ycbnrkcw `swgsktcr+ kcw rcbnikcr ct kcw masttcr ds oast dc k`k`bmsc+ ìnb d„îy`kscr yatrc z`trneanbc mîbîtnpsc+yatrc bnyc`s dc tcwtawtîrabc+ ct dc w`yanr w„nkw danycbtyasw wsgcr as yasw wadaenwcr+ wsny`bt kcw ardrcw dckcsr gcryc`s rcztnkncb" Ab yasw dnr` psc g„cwt zasryatrc oncb+ zasr `wwsrcr yatrc nbtîmr`tnab d`bw k`gaeesb`stî dcw faeecw+ dcw yr`nw+ e`nw lc gaezrcbdw

psc gck` zsnwwc yasw i`nrc irîenr 8 g„cwt gc ps„ab ` døyasw dnrc `y`bt dc yasw estnkcr kc wcvc < ¨ G„cwt zasrtab oncb+ eab zctnt ¸ &ps„ab tc gaszc kc zctnt oast+ z`wwn zctnt zasr ìtrc wn ìircswcecbt daskasrcsv cbtrckcw kècw d„sb gnwc`s. 8 gaeec ê gc z`syrc mawwc psn wcect ê zkcsrcr+ z`r`k~wî dc zcsr ct dc daskcsr+ ê k`

wnezkc ysc d„sb traz o`ros eîdcgnb cb okaswc ok`bgfc+wasw kcw rnrcw èswîw dc w` zst`nb dc mîbntrngc+ psn ksn`wwsrc < ¨ G„cwt z`w zasr tan" ¸ ¨ G„cwt zasr yatrconcb ¸+ ¨ ab i`nt zasr kc encsv ¸+ gkèc ê k` zazsk`gckcw îksw mcwtnabb`nrcw dcw z`~w+ wcryntcsrw dcwaknm`rgfncw ct dcw mraszcecbtw d„nbtîrìtw `mnww`btw"



?76

Gck` rnwpsc z`rtngsknærcecbt dc wc zradsnrc d`bw gcps„sbc iceec dîzstî ` o`ztnwî ¨ kc gsk dc k`

Ir`bgc ¸>?

8 yasw dcyc| w`yanr dc psckkc ynkkc nk w„`mnt+yasw ~ `yc| gcrt`nbcecbt tr`bwntî 8 kcw ik`ttcsrw `svardrcw dnwcbt d„ckkc ps„ckkc cwt ¨ sbc ynkkc dc or`ww`mcdcw gsktsrcw+ dcw dnycrwntîw ¸… gaeec sbc dîgf`rmccwt sb kncs dc or`ww`mc ct dc dnycrwntî" Wn yasw `yc| kè`kgf`bgc d„ìtrc r%cbya~îw kê%o`w+ yasw zasrrnc|îzrasycr kc wcbtnecbt d„ìtrc taeoîw d`bw sb msct%`zcbw cb îgfas`bt d`bw sb Gcbtrc dc iare`tnab aþyasw zcbwnc| yasw rcbdrc wnezkcecbt zasr `zzrcbdrcsb w`yanr%i`nrc+ cb `dazt`bt sbc `ttntsdc wtsdncswc+`karw ps„ab yasw dce`bdcr` dc yasw dîtcbdrc+ dc kcycrkc zncd+ dc rnmakcr+ dc yasw èswcr+ dc yasw `kgaaknwcr+dc zrcbdrc k` e`nb dcw `wwnwtîw+ dc kcw `ndcr ct dc

yasw zraecbcr `ycg csv… dc gf`bmcr dc zcrwabb`kntî+dc eacsrw+ dc maøt+ d„aznbnab+ dc gaezartcecbt+d„fòntsdc>7+ ct+ zrcwpsc ! dc yasw dîwfònkkcr dcy`bttast kc eabdc zasr r`gabtcr yatrc ync wcvsckkc cb

>? Kc ¨ rcgtse dc k` Ir`bgc ¸ `sr`nt îtî eanbw èony`kcbt">7 Yasw b„`nec| z`w as bc wszzartc| z`w k„`kgaak as kc gìî+ e`nwpsc yasw i`ntcw k„ciiart d„cb oanrc sbc as dcsv ianw+ zasr w`tnw%i`nrc gcsv psn abt ocwanb dc yasw yanr i`nrc gaeec csv+ `ggcztcrgc psn yncbt d„csv+ dc kcsr gsktsrc+ dc kcsr `rt dc ynyrc" Gc mcwtcdc oabbc yakabtî bc wsiint z`w `sv trno`knwtcw iargcbîw+ psn

ycskcbt zksw < gf`bmcr yaw maøtw+ yaw fòntsdcw+ yatrc eadc dcync…



?7>

dîo`kk`bt yatrc ync zrnyîc ct yaw zcbwîcw wcgrætcw>4+tast cb z`rtngnz`bt ê dcw ocsycrncw ct dcw armncw…

¨ zasr i`yarnwcr k` gafîwnab dc mraszc ¸ &sbc iareskcceo`kkîc z`r kcw ndîakamscw+ ct psn wnmbninc < ¨ Zasrîyntcr psc kcw `bne`sv zrnentniw psc yasw ìtcw bc wcoasiicbt k` mscskc ¸>3 8 gc psn `rrnyc z`rtngsknærcecbtcb gakkcgtnyntî+ gaeec d`bw sbc g`mc dc kòar`tanrc+ kêaþ kcw `bne`sv wabt z`rpsîw cbwceokc d`bw sb cwz`gcrcwtrcnbt+ dsr`bt sbc zîrnadc zrakabmîc+ kê aþ gf`gsbceznætc wsr k„cwz`gc ynt`k dcw `strcw.… yasw w`yc|+gaeec d`bw kcw wagnîtîw wcgrætcw dcw îgakcw `bmka%w`vabbcw iare`bt gcsv psn wc iabt eabtcr d`bw kcw

>4 Wn yasw bc i`ntcw z`w dc yatrc zkcnb mrî+ z`r wasenwwnab

yakabt`nrc+ ¨ ab ¸ cbycrr` kc gfncb Psnbt`dck`nd iasnbcr d`bwyatrc z`wwî ct d`bw yatrc zrîwcbt nbtnecw zasr kcw ît`kcr wsr k`zk`gc zsoknpsc 8 gc psn rcyncbdr` ê yasw dîwfònkkcr dcy`bt tast kceabdc zasr psc k„ab w`gfc gaeecbt cwt yatrc ontc ct gc psc yaswcb i`ntcw">3 @zz`rceecbt+ d`bw kc Wsd dc k` Ir`bgc+ ab gabwndærc ps„nk b„~ `ps„sbc wcskc gafîwnab dc mraszc psn y`nkkc < k„`ròa%e`mfrîonbcgarwc" D`bw gc Gcbtrc dc dcen%eartw+ ab w„ne`mnbc e`bnicwtcecbt

psc kcw mcbw psn ~ dîinkcbt bc w`ycbt z`w gc ps„cwt k„cwzrntd„îpsnzc+ g`r nkw b„abt lè`nw ws nbtîmrcr sbc îpsnzc+ sbc cbtrc%zrnwc+ sb mraszc" @ dîi`st dc yag`tnab cbwcnmb`btc+ k„cblsnyîE`rag`nb dc wcryngc w„cwt i`nt z`wwcr gaeec wcsk `ztc ê nbgskpscrkcw oabbcw y`kcsrw fse`nbcw ct wagnît`kcw `sv _`wg`wwcw ir`bí`n%wcw &kcw Ir`bí`nw fse`nbw ît`bt wszzawîw k„`wwnwtcr ct wc zcricg%tnabbcr `s gabt`gt ds E`âtrc. 8 ê granrc psc kcw E`rag`nbw+ `s

gabt`gt dcw Lsniw+ wc zrcbbcbt zasr kcw basyckkcw Ksenærcw dseabdc"



?4:

f`stcw wzfærcw cb w„~ e`nbtcb`bt+ mrïgc `sv wcgrctwps„nkw gabb`nwwcbt+ kcw sbw wsr kcw `strcw… w`si psc kê+

g„cwt lswtc sbc e`sy`nwc nent`tnab ds wt~kc dcw rngfcw+psn bc ynwc z`w ê yasw i`nrc eabtcr oncb f`st+ e`nwwcskcecbt ê bc z`w yasw i`nrc îgr`wcr k` mscskc z`r kcwzstcw ct kcw oìtcw ds W~wtæec"Cb rîwseî+ ab yasw ecttr` k` zrcwwnab wagn`kc zasri`nrc dc yasw dcw gaeesb`st`rnwtcw `ròa%e`mfrîonbwzrìtw ê yasw i`nrc ecttrc ê zank z`r sbc o`bdc dcoìtcw fnrwstcw psn yasw neeaonknwcrabt icrececbt`y`bt dc yasw gnrgabgnrc wasw kcw îgk`tw dc yanv+ kcwwasrnrcw+ kcw ~as~asw ct kcw gaeecbt`nrcw dc w`dnpscwya~csrw" Gaeec d„fò„ psan ! zasr k` zksz`rt d„cbtrcyasw"Bc z`w zcbwcr z`r wan%eìec+ bc z`w zcbwcr knocrtî

d„ìtrc ct dc i`nrc… zcbwcr gk`b+ mraszc+ rîwc`s+ trnos+traszc`s… @nbwn ycst yasw i`nrc zcbwcr gcksn psn+ `skncs dc dabbcr dcw gasrw dc e`tfw ct dc ir`bí`nw+ lasckc dnrcgtcsr dcw rcwwasrgcw fse`nbcw+ kc kaoo~nwtc+k„cbtrcecttcsr+ kc zravîbætc zasr zstcw ct oìtcwgabycbtnabbckkcw+ kc eîdn`tcsr nbtcrctfbnpsc+ k„`bne`%

tcsr dc rsc"G`r d`bw kc gsk dc k` Ir`bgc+ gaeec `nkkcsrw ct zksw aseanbw ps„`nkkcsrw+ gc wabt kcw nbdaeztòkcw wasenw psne`nbtncbbcbt k„ardrc+ wnbab cb ynkkc+ `s eanbw d`bwbaeorc dc ps`rtncrw+ cb cww`~`bt wsorcztngcecbt dci`nrc `swwn k` kan d`bw kcw îgakcw &ct zsnw `zræw d`bw kcw

tîkîynwnabw+ kcw lasrb`sv+ k„îdntnab+ k` zakntnpsc+ k`



?40

inb`bgc+ kc gaeecrgc….+ gaeec d„`strcw `y`bt csv 8w`si karwpsc kcw `bne`sv eìncsv wartcbt dc kcsr

mfctta zasr w„`zzrazrncr sb eargc`s dc tcrrntanrcb`tnab`k aggszî z`r gcsv psn rcezknwwcbt kcw g`nwwcw dck„Ct`t+ psn i`nt `karw nbtcrycbnr wcw iargcw dc zakngczasr tcbtcr dc w`sycm`rdcr w` oasrwc ct w` ync" @nbwncb cwt%nk z`rgc psc kcw ok`bgfïtrcw nr%rcwzabwòkcwzakntnpscw abt o`nwwî kcw or`w ps„nkw b„abt lè`nw kcyîw+b„`~`bt z`w eìec kcyî kc zctnt danmt &wn gc b„cwt+ cbzk`bnin`bt yatrc dîo`rpscecbt+ zasr oanrc ê kcsr w`btîinb`bgnærc+ ê kcsr g`rrnærc+ ct ê kcsr zragf`nbc yngtanrcîkcgtar`kc.+ zasr argfcwtrcr k„nbtîmr`tnab dcw nbmîr`%okcw+ ct cbgarc eanbw zasr bctta~cr k` ecrdc ps„nkw abtingfsc>9" G„cwt oncb gabbs+ cb Ir`bgc gc wabt kcw banrwct @ròcw psn bcttancbt k` ecrdc>= 8 wsrtast d`bw kcw

o`w iabdw aþ zksw sb Ok`bg bab wsngnd`nrc bc zcstw„`ycbtsrcr" G„cwt ê csv ps„` îtî gabinîc k` enwwnab dc

>9 G`r gfawc îtr`bmc < psngabpsc ¨ iast k` ecrdc ¸ d`bw sb ît`%oknwwcecbt wgak`nrc+ d`bw k` rsc as d`bw sb gaeecrgc+ cwt z`wwnokc

dcw trnosb`sv+ e`nw z`w gcsv+ zakntnpscw+ gaezkatcsrw+ ndîakamscw+zraz`m`bdnwtcw+ e`bnzsk`tcsrw d„aznbnab+ psn ¨ iastcbt k` ecrdc ¸d`bw sb z`~w cb w`gg`mc`bt kc tnwws wagnagsktsrck">= ¨ Bcttancbt + s z`wwî" Dæw karw psc kcw @ròa%e`mfrîonbw &ct y`btcsv kcw Csrazîcbw ds Wsd. b„ît`ncbt zksw dnwzawîw ê i`nrc kcw¨ oaskatw dc ecrdc ¸+ kcw @irng`nbw abt îtî nezartîw zasr kcwrcezk`gcr" Ct dîlê csv bab zksw bc ycskcbt zksw zartcr dcw gf`rmcw+

wc w`knr ct tr`bwznrcr" Ct dîware`nw ¨ k` zk`gc cwt oabbc ¸+ dabgtraz oabbc zasr kcw Cvatnpscw"



?4?

i`nrc e`rgfcr `s z`w kcw trasw dc gsk ct kcw znwwcsvtraz zïkcw"

@swwn+ w„nk yasw cwt nbwszzartòkc dc yasw zkncr ê k„ardrceìncsv dcw waebniærcw g`kgsk`tcsrw+ psn cbtcbdcbtzrcbdrc wagn`kcecbt ct zraicwwnabbckkcecbt ds mr`dcct ds w`k`nrc wsr kc daw dcw wsnycsrw &cb las`bt kcwf~zatcbwcsrw `bne`tcsrw dc rsc+ kcw drcwwcsrw dci`sycw+ dc t`src`sv+ dc gfncbw+ dc kaszw+ dc f~æbcw…kcw mr`wwcecbt rîesbîrîw gabwskt`btw%gabwcnkkcrw%cvzcrtw cb e`bnzsk`tnab dcw iaskcw.+ wn yasw trasyc|rndngskc psc dcw `dsktcw cb iare`tnab w„aiircbt dcwg`dc`sv dc Baèk ct dcw maøtcrw d„`bbnycrw`nrc &aszkstôt dcw `zîraw dc endn. gaeec kcw cbi`btw dcgk`wwc e`tcrbckkc &w`bw grægfc ct w`bw w`znb+ e`nw¨ zasr grîcr sb cwzrnt dc iènkkc ¸ `ycg gcsv psn abt

rîmrcwwî ecbt`kcecbt.+ cbtrc kcw wartncw+ ocsycrncw ctdnwtr`gtnabw psn b„cb inbnrabt lè`nw… wn yasw b„`yc| z`wocwanb d„ìtrc zksw psc bare`kcecbt gardn`sv `ycg kcwmcbw zasr zasyanr kcw gôta~cr w`bw kcw eîzrnwcr as kcw l`kaswcr+ bn `ttcbdrc psan psc gc want d„csv+ ct w`bw kcw`mrcwwcr as kcw d`socr z`rgc ps„nkw bc wc gabiarecbt

z`w ê yaw ps`trc yakabtîw+ ê yaw dnv dîwnrw ct ê yawgcbt ocwanbw+ cf oncb+ kc tarrîinî g`kgsk`tcsr yasw icr`sbc w`kc rîzst`tnab d„nbwasenw+ d„`wagn`k+ dc gabtcwt`%t`nrc+ d„`mnt`tcsr+ d„`zakntnpsc `b`rgfnwtc `tfîc nb`ztcê k` ync cb wagnîtî &cb wagnîtî eìncswc+ i`wgnwtc+nwkènpsc+ gckkc dabt nk wc i`nt wasrbanwcecbt kc

zrawîk~tc îtcbd`rd zasr w„~ i`nrc sbc zk`gc darîc.+ psn



?47

bc i`nt z`w gc ps„ab &kc eabntcsr. ksn dnt dc i`nrc &oanrcds gìî ¨ gaeec tast kc eabdc ¸+ o`y`wwcr w`bw inb

`ycg kcw `strcw ¨ gaeec tast kc eabdc ¸+ knrc `s kncsdc zk`nw`btcr `ycg kcw `strcw ¨ gaeec tast kc eabdc ¸+w„`ttckcr ê k„ardnb`tcsr cb inb dc lasrbîc `s kncs dcwartnr `ycg kcw `strcw ¨ gaeec tast kc eabdc ¸>6."@nbwn `mnwwcbt+ gaeec dcw zstcw+ kcw zrîtcbtncsvzctntw èontncsv psn b„abt z`w `wwc| dc gf`rnwec zasrìtrc rcgabbsw e`bntasw < w`knr k` rîzst`tnab dc psn%gabpsc bc wc gabiarec z`w ê kcsr gabgcztnab dc k` ynccb wagnîtî psn kcw ` zraesw zctntw gfciw dc ecstc 8ìinrecr ‗ `ycg sb `nr dc bcstr`kntî icnbtc zasr bc z`wwc i`nrc sbc batarnîtî dc zcrindc k`bmsc dc zstc ‗+ psc¨ nk ` ds e k ê w„nbtîmrcr d`bw kc mraszc>> &kc mraszc

>6 Nk ~ ` sb tcezw ct sb kncs zasr gf`psc gfawc+ e`nw z`w zasr tastkc eabdc" Z`w zasr gcsv psn ycskcbt zasyanr gabtnbscr w„èswcr`zræw kcw z`swcw+ `karw psc kcw gasrw yncbbcbt dc rczrcbdrc 8 gcsvpsn ycskcbt gabtnbscr ê w„`kgaaknwcr ct ê w„èswcr gaeec zcbd`btk` z`swc%rcz`w+ `karw ps„nkw wabt dc rctasr wsr kc kncs dc tr`y`nk"Gcsv%kê wabt dîgabgcrtîw dc yanr psckps„sb dc gaeesbng`tnidcycbnr+ cb sb nbwt`bt+ wîrncsv+ wnkcbgncsv ct wtsdncsv" Gck` kcsr

dabbc k„nezrcwwnab d„sbc dszkngntî+ d„sbc iènkn`rntî g`kgskîc ctwneskîc+ d„sbc èntnî wsr k`psckkc ab bc zcst nbycwtnr îeatnab%bckkcecbt z`rgc ps„ckkc gcwwcr` gaeec ckkc ` gaeecbgî" G„cwtzasr csv gaeec ìtrc `msngfî z`r sbc iceec psn tasrbc inb`kc%ecbt kcw t`kabw ps`bd ckkc ` tasrbî k` tìtc ds znmcab">> G„cwt k` ycrwnab gabwcbwsckkc ps„nk dabbc cb rîsbnab+ zasr z`r`â%trc bcstrc" Z`r dcrrnærc+ cb ycrwnab zst`wwnærc+ kc zcrindc dnr` <

¨ Nk i`nt z`w gc ps„ab ksn dce`bdc Xnk bc wc zknc z`w ê k„`bne kc kanbab îgrntc ds zctnt Enkncs &psn w„`zzknpsc `ycg dcw rcm`rdw+ dcw



?44

psc l„`n eadckî ê e` i`íab ê ean+ d`bw eab nbtîrìt êean. 8 kc mraszc d„cbgskîw cbgskcsrw+ dc inkw dc zst`nb+

dc gaeeærcw iasnkkcswcw dc zasockkcw ct rcbnikcswcwd„`bsw… oncb gabiarecw `sv wagnîtîw trno`kcw+ ynkk`mc%anwcw+ nbwsk`nrcw" ¸ Kê aþ tr`y`nk rnec wasycbt `ycg¨ nbwtrsecbt dc tartsrc ê tranw zncsv ¸+ ynkk`mcanw rnecwasycbt `ycg ¨ wtîtfawgazc agsk`nrc wsr trîzncd ¸"Gc wabt kcw zksw fawtnkcw+ kcw zksw zrnentniw+ kcw zkswwcgt`nrcw+ kcw zksw gaeesb`st`rnwtcw+ kcw zksw trno`sv+kcw zksw wîkcgtniw+ kcw zksw wîmrîm`tnabbnwtcw+ kcw eanbwcbgknbw ê w„`ggaeeadcr `sv `strcw ct ê tr`y`nkkcr cbîpsnzc `ycg csv+ psn iabt kc zksw dc enwcw cb wgæbcrntsckkcw zasr grîcr sb zwcsda gkne`t ir`tcrbck ‗ psncwt cb rî`kntî gcksn d„sb oardck ‗+ `nbwn eìec psc kcwnbtîmrnwtcw iabt dc k` wsrcbgfærc wznrnts`knwtc z`rgc

psc gc wabt kcw eanbw fse`nbw+ kcw eanbw ycrtscsv+ kcw

`kkswnabw+ dcw zctntw mcwtcw+ ism`gcw+ dnwgrctw+ zasr wc ecttrc êk„òrn dc k„nbiare`tnab lsdng`nrc.U" ¸ @s kncs dc dnrc < ¨ Ps`bd abksn dce`bdc dc i`nrc k` zstc+ k` wasorcttc+ kc kægfc%gsk+ k„cwgart%mnrk+ k` dèc dc gaez`mbnc" ¸ Gc psn yasw yasdr` kcw rcm`rdw banrw

dcw iare`tcsrw ps`knin`btw+ psn wc icrabt inb`kcecbt+ ê yatrcgabt`gt+ sbc `strc aznbnab dc yasw < ¨ Nk cwt `stabaec" &Gc b„cwtz`w sb eastab wsnycsr+ sb `wwnwtî dîzcbd`bt dcw `strcw+ e`nw sb`stadnd`gtc psn w„nbycwtnt d`bw w` iare`tnab". ¸Gaeec nk i`st knrc cbtrc kcw knmbcw zasr yanr k` rî`kntî d`bw kcwgaeesbnpsîw dc zrcwwc dcw tcb`btw d„sb rîmnec zwcsda dîea%gr`tnpsc+ nk i`st yanr dcrrnærc kcw `zz`rcbgcw+ dcrrnærc kcw dîgk`%

r`tnabw+ dcrrnærc k„cvzrcwwnab zsoknpsc+ zasr yanr gc psn wc trècrîckkcecbt"



?43

eanbw wznrntsckw+ kcw eanbw g`zòkcw dc ynyrc cb oabtcrec `ycg kc zksw mr`bd baeorc+ cb f`reabnc `ycg k`

ikarc ct k` i`sbc+ cb w~eonawc `ycg kc Tast 8 ct gcsv%kêwc iabt z`wwcr zasr kcw z`r`bmabw dc gnta~cbbctî" Ctgc wabt gcsv%kê psn cbtcbdcbt rîmnr kcw zrnbgnzcw dc k`ync cb wagnîtî 8 cb k„aggsrrcbgc sb Iòncb Kcmnt`bgarwc gaeec sb @rb`sd Kcz`woc`s ockmc" Kcw eanbwrîzsokng`nbw gabdntnabbcbt kcsr gaezartcecbt ê k`wnenkntsdc+ t`bdnw psc kcw zksw rîzsokng`nbw `mnwwcbtz`rcnkkcecbt `ycg tast kc eabdc+ w`bw gabdntnab dcwcvc+ d„ctfbnc+ dc gsktsrc" Gcttc bcstr`kntî rîzsokn%g`nbc nbwszzartc kcw zrnentniw ê k„cwzrnt trno`k cteìncsv+ psn b„`decttcbt z`w psc dcw nbdnyndsw i`wwcbtz`rtnc d„sb mraszc tast cb ît`bt knorcw as w`bw `tt`gfcìicgtnyc &gc psn cwt sbc òcrr`tnab gabtrc b`tsrc

zasr kcsr cwzrnt zrnentni+ gaeec zcst `zz`r`âtrc kczk`we`.+ g`r csv gabdntnabbcbt kcsr gaezartcecbt `swcvc+ ê k„ctfbnc+ ê k` gsktsrc d„`strsn 8 ê w` tcbscycwtnecbt`nrc+ ê w` i`íab d„ìtrc+ dc z`r`âtrc+ dc i`nrc+ctg" K` ¨ knocrtî ¸ ds grcda rîzsokng`nb+ nkw bc k` rcgab%b`nwwcbt z`w 8 wn gc b„cwt gaeec k` dcrbnærc gnm`rcttc

ds gabdèbî ê eart+ kc ksvc ècr dcw cvnkîw+ dcwcvgksw+ dcw dèbîw" Nk b„~ ` z`w dc ¨ zcszkc rîzsokn%g`nb ¸ gaeec nk b„~ ` z`w dc ¨ zcszkc csrazîcb ¸+ nk b„~` ps„sb `wwceok mc fîtîramæbc dc enbarntîw+ `rtningnck%kcecbt faeamîbînwî z`r k„ciiart wastcbs d„sbc enba%rntî dcw enbarntîw"



?49

Yasw psn bc gabb`nwwc| z`w k` rîzsoknpsc ct k` dîea%gr`tnc+ yasw iabgtnabbc| dc k` eìec i`íab+ e`nw z`w

d`bw kc eìec wcbw" Yasw zr`tnpsc| kc e`rn`mc iargî"Ab yasw icr` dîgasyrnr k„èntnî iargîc 8 ct gaeec yaswgabb`nwwc| k` Knwtc dc e`rn`mc+ yasw dcyrc| gabb`âtrck` Knwtc d„èntnî &sbc oastcnkkc d„`kgaak iart+ sb z`psctdc gnm`rcttcw+ sb oantc dc gnr`mc… dcsv ianw rncb+ pscdcw orastnkkcw dc zrnentniw psn w„îgf`bmcbt dcw zksecw+dcw gapsnkkcw ct dcbtw dc rcpsnb." Gck` yasw zcrecttr`dc rczîrcr gcsv psn+ cb Ir`bgc+ wc k`nwwcr`ncbt nezawcrkc e`rn`mc iargî &z`rgc ps„nkw wabt dc k` eìec cwzægcwcgt`nrc psc yasw+ e`nw gabtr`rnîw d`bw kcsr ocwtn`kntîz`r kcw zramrcwwnwtcw w`bw psn k` Ir`bgc wcr`nt `swwnzcs dîyckazzîc psc yaw z`~w d„`knîbîw `rrnîrîw. 8 cbrczîr`bt gcsv psn wc k`nwwcbt nezawcr k„èntnî iargîc+

want z`r cwzrnt trno`k+ want z`rgc ps„nkw abt `zzrnw ê lascr k` gaeîdnc dc k„èntnî+ gaeec kcw iceecw`zzrcbbcbt gckkc dc k„èasr" Gaeec yasw yankc| ctgabinbc| yaw iceecw zasr kcw tcbnr ê k„îg`rt dcwfaeecw+ ìnb d„îyntcr kcw tcbt`tnabw dc k„`dsktærc ‗dntcw%yasw ‗ &g`r gc psc yasw ecttc| cb ŗsyrc ‗ dc

estnk`bt ‗ zasr yasw e`âtrnwcr bc wsiint z`w+ zsnwpscyasw b„ìtcw z`w e`bnicwtcecbt z`w yîrntòkcecbtgnynknwîw+ e`nw wcskcecbt eswckîw gaeec dcw gfncbw dcm`rdc tcbsw cb k`nwwc.+ kcw tcb`btw dc k„èntnî iargîcyasw wsrycnkkcrabt zasr îyntcr psc yasw bc wa~c|tcbtîw dc kcsr i`swwcr gaez`mbnc ct dc irngatcr `ycg

d„`strcw mraszcw psc gcksn d`bw kcpsck yasw `yc|



?4=

îgfasî" &Yasw ycrrc| dabg sb Iòncb Kcmnt`b garwcrcm`rdcr `ycg sbc `bne`kc `bneawntî kc mraszc iareî

z`r @rb`sd Kcz`woc`s ockmc ds Wsd+ psn dîlcsbczrcwpsc w~wtîe`tnpscecbt ê dnwt`bgc ds mraszc iareîz`r k„îmagcbtrnpsc eìnawa" Yasw ycrrc| `st`bt k„cwzrntdc wab rcwwcbtnecbt `mntcr wsorcztngcecbt w` oasgfc+dabt nk gabtncbdr` k` orøk`btc cbync dc eîdnrc" Nk wcrctncbdr` bî`beanbw dc zcrwnikcr wsr gcsv%kê psn tasr%bcbt `stasr dc k` wcskc inkkc dnwzabnokc+ cb sbc wartc dcz`r`dc armn`psc psn k`nwwcr` k„`kgaaknpsc îdcbtî wsr wì`ne+ z`rgc psc kcsr nezawcr dc rclanbdrc wab gk`brckæycr`nt kc d„òsw d„`starntî g`r`gtîrnwî 8 nk bczasrr`nt+ w`bw z`wwcr zasr sb rndngskc eìnawa dc o`wît`mc+ eabtcr tast kc eabdc gabtrc kcw eceorcw dc gcmraszc psn wc zkncbt fòntsckkcecbt `sv cvnmcbgcw

wcgt`nrcw ds g`gàtî masras dc wcryngc"." Kc e`rn`mcarm`bnwî cwt wn `zzrîgnòkc psc kcw e`rnîw b„abt ps„sbcwcskc cbync < gaeecttrc k„`dsktærc" Ct kcw tcb`btw dck„èntnî `gfctîc wabt tckkcecbt zcs `tt`gf`btw ps„nkwdanycbt wàskcr kcw mcbw zasr ps„nkw d`nmbcbt rcwtcr êkcsrw gôtîw"

Gaeec kcw iceecw wneskcbt kc zk`nwnr wcvsck zasrik`ttcr k„cma ds eïkc dabt ckkcw wabt e`tîrnckkcecbtdîzcbd`btcw+ yasw dcyrc| `zzrcbdrc ê wneskcr kczk`nwnr psc yasw wcrc| gcbwîw `yanr cb gaez`mbnc dcwt~zcw psn ycskcbt wc wcbtnr o`bdcr cb wc zragsr`bt kcwcbtnecbt ps„nkw wabt kcw eïkcw ‗ daenb`btw ‗ ds

mraszc" G`r gcw t~zcw wabt dcw îmagcbtrnpscw psn bc



?46

wszzartcbt z`w dc bc z`w yasw yanr e`bnicwtcr kcoabfcsr d„ìtrc cb kcsr gaez`mbnc ct dc kcw wsonr+ csv+

kcsr ontc+ kcsrw y`bbcw ksornpscw+ kcsr `kgaaknwec+ kcsrtò`mnwec &psn+ agg`wnabbckkcecbt+ dîgkcbgfc k„`k`recnbgcbdnc `s enkncs dc k` bsnt+ cb rîycnkk`bt tast kceabdc 8 gc psn zcrect `s rczasww`bt `kgaaknpsc îdcbtîdc i`nrc kc g`dar cb ecb`í`bt kc rcwzabwòkc d„sbcoabbc garrcgtnab+ oncb psc gc znta~òkc zcrwabb`mcb„nezrcwwnabbc zcrwabbc.+ i`stc dc psan nkw wc wcbtcbtdîy`karnwîw+ rîdsntw ê k„ît`t nbwnmbnin`bt dc eastabwd`bw sb traszc`s" @karw+ `nbwn eìec ps„nkw eîzrnwcbt cteakcwtcbt as rclcttcbt sbc iceec psn bc kcw ik`ttcz`w `s knt z`r wcw grnw dc lasnww`bgc ct wcw tîeanmb`%mcw dc rcgabb`nww`bgc ê kcsr îm`rd+ nkw eîzrnwcbt+eakcwtcbt as rclcttcbt psngabpsc bc e`bnicwtc z`w

`ycg cv`kt`tnab sbc w`tnwi`gtnab d„ìtrc cb kcsr gaez`%mbnc+ d„cbtcbdrc kcsrw zk`nw`btcrncw+ dc oanrc kcsrw`ynw"Zasr ìtrc `zzrîgnî dc gcw rczasww`btw inkw dc zstc+ nki`st ìtrc icwtni+ `kgaaknpsc+ isecsr+ mraw zkcnb dcgf`rgstcrnc+ wszcringnck+ kîmcr+ gaenpsc+ dnwtr`~`bt+

aowîdî wcvsck… Zcrecttc|%kcsr dc w„èswcr+ tcbc|%kcsr gaez`mbnc+ i`ntcw%kcsr z`wwcr d„`mrîòkcw ea%ecbtw" Nk yasw cb wcrabt rcgabb`nww`bt cb yasw îz`r%mb`bt gc ps„nkw yasw rîwcrycrabt `strcecbt < kcw gè%z`mbcw dc g`kaebnc+ kcw wî`bgcw dc f`rgækcecbt+ kcwtcbt`tnycw dc enwc ê eart"



?4>

Tast gck` i`nt z`rtnc d„sbc zakntnpsc d„nbi`btnknw`tnab <ab zrcbd dcw `dsktcw cb iare`tnab+ ct ab kcw tr`ntc

gaeec dcw cbi`btw dc e`tcrbckkc" Z`zasbct ^`f`~` b„`z`w kc tcezw dc w„aggszcr dc yasw+ nk cwt træw aggszî`ycg wcw iabgtnabw w~bdng`kcw" @karw+ nk i`st psc yaswk„`ndnc| ê wc wask`mcr dc yasw" Nk i`st psc yasw wa~c| dcmcbtnkw cbi`btw træw w`mcw psn wc dîorasnkkcbt gaeecdcw mr`bdw0::" Yasw kcw zksw mr`bdw+ yasw wsrycnkkcrc|kcw tast%zctntw" I`ntcw `ttcbtnab kcw sbw `sv `strcw"@ndc|%yasw kcw sbw kcw `strcw" Yasw wcrc| enen"@kkc|+ ecttc|%yasw cb r`bm… ecttc|%yasw cb r`bm !Yankê" Tcbc|%yasw z`r k` e`nb" Basw `kkabw i`nrc sbcrabdc+ ct zsnw sbc i`r`bdakc" @kkc|+ tasw cbwceokc !

¨ Basw `kkabw+ wsr kc zabt+

Cb d`bw`bt+ cb gf`bwab+Basw tcbnr+ kcw raszcttcw+K` gf`ttasbc+ k` psîpscttc" ¸

Oncbycbsc `s Gcbtrc dc _czramrèe`tnab Iabgtnab%bckkc zasr @dsktcw cb Nbyakstnab !E`nbtcb`bt yasw w`yc| gc psn yasw `ttcbd"

0:: Gc b„cwt z`w z`r`dav`k+ g„cwt kc grcda knoîr`k dcw ¨ masycr%b`btw ¸ < bc gaøtc| rncb ê k„Ct`t+ e`nw zcrecttc| ê k„Ct`td„cvnwtcr+ bc basw dce`bdc| rncb+ e`nw r`zzartc|%basw 8 cb ît`bt

`stabaecw+ rcwzabwòkcw+ grî`tniw+ nbycbtniw+ zradsgtniw+ ctgczcbd`bt z`w `wwc| knorcw zasr basw tasrbcr kc daw"



?3:

Yasw `zzrîgnc| zcst%ìtrc dc i`nrc z`rtnc dc gcsv psck` Ir`bgc dnwtr`nt mîbîrcswcecbt zasr kcw i`nrc z`tncb%

tcr nbdîinbnecbt0:0

gaeec kcw rcknmncsv kcsr iabtnbdîinbnecbt enrantcr sb z`r`dnw tcrrcwtrc" E`nw cbrî`kntî+ tast gc gnbîe`+ psc zcrwabbc b„` dce`bdî+ cwtwsrtast ê sw`mc ds O`w`bî psn gfcrgfc ê ìtrc `ggcztîgaeec ¨ cbwcnmb`bt ¸ `szræw dc gcsv psn+ `strcecbt+wszzartcr`ncbt w`bw dastc `swwn zcs d„`yanr sb iar%e`tcsr dc wab arnmnbc psc kcw `bne`sv cvatnpscw dcwmfcttaw eìncsv wszzartcbt d„ìtrc îdspsîw z`r dcw`stagftabcw" Tast gc gnbîe` cwt dcwtnbî `sv r`gnwtcwpsn bc wszzartcbt z`w ps„ab kcsr nezawc k` zrîwcbgc cbkcsr wcnb dc psn b„cwt z`w gaeec csv+ bc i`nt z`wgaeec csv+ bc zcbwc z`w gaeec csv 8 kcsr ecwpsnbcgrntnpsc dc gc psc k„Ctr`bmcr i`nt cwt rîyîk`trngc dc gc

iabd ctfbagcbtrnpsc+ psn gfcrgfc ê rclctcr kcw tartwwsr k„@strc+ cb gfcrgf`bt ct cb mrawwnww`bt dcw zasvengrawgaznpscw zasr k„`ggòkcr ct lswtnincr wab rclct"Nk i`st dabg è`dascr kcw `bne`sv cb cbdare`bt tastcwzrnt dc rny`kntî ct dc gaezîtntnab+ cb nbwt`sr`bt sbzwcsda gkne`t ir`tcrbck dabt k` zksz`rt dcw mcbw wabt

gcbwîw b„`yanr psc i`nrc &gf`gsb `~`bt w` zrazrciènkkc+ wcw zragfcw+ wcw ènw+ zasr wc wask`mcr dc wab

0:0 Cb `ttcbd`bt ps„nkw `ncbt tat`kcecbt rcezk`gî k` zazsk`tnabir`bí`nwc d„arnmnbc" Ct `swwn z`rgc psc gck` gaøtc eanbw gfcr ‗ zakn%tnpscecbt ‗ psc dc ecttrc cb acsyrc gc ps„nk i`st &gaeec k„nbtcr%

dngtnab dc k` gnrgabgnwnab ct k„ oakntnab dc k` dasokc b`tnab`kntî. zasrcb i`nrc dcw Ir`bí`nw gaeec kcw `strcw ‗ Ir`bga%csrazîcbw ‗"



?30

z`ww`mc psatndncb d`bw k` lsbmkc sro`nbc."0:? Yasw¨ oasrrcr k` mscskc ¸ zasr yasw i`nrc gf`btcr ¨ nk cwt

dcw bôtrcw ¸… g„cwt gc psc iabt kcw wask`rdw+ g„cwt gcpsc iabt kcw rcknmnabw+ g„cwt gc psc icr` kc Gcbtrc dcrìyc zasr gcrt`nbw+ dc g`sgfce`r zasr d„`strcw"0:7 Zcbd`bt ps„ab ~ cwt+ d`bw kc dîknrc e~wtnpsc gaezkct+ab dcyr`nt aoknmcr tast kc eabdc ê w„`zzckcr ¨ eabirærc ¸+ ¨ e` wŗsr ¸+ zkstôt psc dc w„`zzckcr z`r dcwz`trab~ecw b`tnab`knwtcw" Aoknmcr tast kc eabdc êw„ceor`wwcr wsr k` oasgfc" Ct zsnw nbtcrdnrc k` eadc cbnezaw`bt sb sbniarec+ gaeec d`bw tast oab rîmnec

0:? K` inkkc ds mraszc rî`knwcr` r`zndcecbt ps„ckkc dant kcycr kczncd ct wc k` lascr or`bkcswc `s gcryc`s okapsî d`bw kc y`mnb+ zasrbc z`w cbdsrcr kc gkne`t fawtnkc ps„nbwt`srcrabt kcw l`kasv

e`gfnwtcw wsr kc rctasr ct `strcw ¨ ontcsv cb y`drasnkkc ¸+ z`rgcps„ckkc `sr` cs+ dæw kc dîost+ dc ecnkkcsrcw batcw ps„csv"0:7 Tck cwt kc gnbîe` psc iabt gcsv psn nbwnwtcbt zasr psc yaswz`rtngnznc| ê ¨ sb zat ¸+ sbc wanrîc+ sb ¨ rcwta ¸+ as b„nezartc psanps„`strc+ z`rgc psc ¨ g„cwt k` dcrbnærc ianw ps„ab wc yant+ `zræw abwc ycrr` zksw ¸ 8 `karw ps„nk b„~ `+ zasr `nbwn dnrc+ lè`nw rncb cscbtrc yasw" W„nkw tcb`ncbt ê yatrc zrîwcbgc z`rgc ps„nkw yasw`zzrîgncbt z`rtngsknærcecbt+ nkw ycnkkcr`ncbt ê e`nbtcbnr sb

gabt`gt `ycg yasw &gc psn cwt z`rtngsknærcecbt `nwî `slasrd„fsn."Cb rî`kntî+ nkw gfcrgfcbt sbnpscecbt ê wc iòrnpscr sb wasycbnr dcinb d„`bbîc+ dc gcgn as dc gck`+ gabiarec ê gc psc k` gsktsrc zrcwgrntct e~wtninc zasr m`rdcr dc oabw wasycbnrw+ zasr cbrngfnr w` ync`ycg dc oabw wasycbnrw+ zasr rîswwnr ‗ ìicgtnycecbt ‗ w` ync `ycgzkcnbw d„ènw+ eìec dc z`gatnkkc" Nkw ycskcbt psc yasw wa~c| kcsrwznabw+ kcsrw i`nrc%y`kanr+ kcsrw onockatw wsr sbc dc kcsr ît`mærc

ecbt`kc 8 gaeec kcw îmagcbtrnpscw eïkcw daenb`btw ycskcbt yasw`yanr ê kcsrw oattcw"



?3?

tat`knt`nrc îfabtî" K` zcbwîc sbnpsc cwt dîlê wsr kcwr`nkw 8 nk i`st lswtc `zzs~cr wsr kc ¨ gfèznmbab ¸" Sb

rîmnec `knecbt`nrc sbnpsc+ gc wcr`nt oncb+ `swwn 8 zasrpsc tast kc eabdc want ct i`wwc ¨ gaeec tast kceabdc ¸"

Cb îgf`bmc dc k` iare`tnab psc k` Ir`bgc yasw `sr`

z`~îc+ k` ynkkc dcw o`bdntw yasw dce`bdcr` dc yaswk`nwwcr `gfctcr+ dc k`nwwcr yatrc èntnî wc i`nrc `gfc%tcr 8 zasr kc zrnv d„sb ycrrc d„`kgaak as d„sbc gnm`rcttc&ê k` i`íab dcw ¨ inkkcw ¸ psc kcw zravîbætcw dramscbtct ynakcbt zasr dîtrsnrc kcsr zcrwabb`kntî ct kcwrcbdrc dagnkcw ct e`kkîòkcw+ e`nw cb ycrwnab gabycb%

tnabbckkc+ `ycg dc k„`kgaak ct dcw dnwtr`gtnabw+ zasrw`tnwi`nrc kc e`rgfî dc k` zrawtntstnab e`rnt`kc ctzraicwwnabbckkc ‗ ps„ckkc want wcvsckkc as z`w ‗.0:4" Ab

0:4 Zasr kcw ycdcttcw ds wzcgt`gkc+ k„ ddntnab cwt zksw îkcyîc+ gaeeczasr gcttc gf`btcswc+ îyaps`bt kcw ¨ ènw ê 0::„::: ¸+ psn eabb`~cbt ê

gc zrnv kcsr ¨ èntnî ¸ 8 gaeec tasw gcsv zasr psn èntnî ct e`rn`mcrnecbt oncb eanbw `ycg èasr ps„ ycg îgf`bmc dc oabw zragîdîw+wcryngc rcbds+ g`dc`s wastnrî+ `y`bt`mc aotcbs &nbtîrcwwcecbt êk„ gtnyntî dc ¨ k„cbtrczrnwc èng`kc ¸ wsr k`psckkc nkw abt dcw ¨ wtagh%aztnab ¸.+ tckw kcw ikèocsrw `kgaaknpscw psn b„abt+ zasr kcsr cbtasr`mc+ps„sb eat ê k` oasgfc < ¨ T„ w z`w ?: csraw+ zasr ec dîz`bbcr &l„ n k`marmc wægfc. ¸" 0::„::: csraw zasr wc i`nrc kîgfcr kc gsk z`r dcw

trasw dc gsk+ í` i`nt gfcr k` z`wwc+ e`nw oab+ g„cwt dc k„`bsknbmsw+tast dc eìec+ í` y`st oncb zksw ps„sbc ickk`tnab as sbc



?37

yasw icr` gaezrcbdrc ps„ngn+ g„cwt gaeec d`bw kcw z`~wpsc yasw `yc| psnttîw < garraezs+ e`nw z`w tast ê i`nt

`swwn awtcbwnokcecbt garraezs z`rgc psc z`w `swwnawtcbwnokcecbt dîgabint 8 ngn+ ab cwt d`bw sbc mr`bdcynkkc &z`r k` wsri`gc+ sbnpscecbt.+ ct cb ynkkc ab cwtrncb w`bw `rmcbt+ ab b„` z`w kc drant d„cvnwtcr+ g`r k` yncwagn`kc cb ynkkc gabwnwtc cwwcbtnckkcecbt ê oanrc d`bwkcw o`rw+ e`bmcr d`bw kcw rcwt`sr`btw zasr ~ oanrc+`gfctcr d`bw kcw oastnpscw" Wsgcr ct wc gasgfcr+ yankêgc ps„ab yasdr` yasw rî%`zzrcbdrc d`bw gc mcbrc dcgcbtrc nbinktrî z`r dcw nbdnyndsw îe`b`bt dc yaw z`~w`y`rnîw+ ct psn abt `zzartî `ycg csv kcsrw e`masnkkcw+kcsr ecbt`kntî ct kcsrw zragîdîw" G„cwt d„`nkkcsrw oncbzasr gck` ps„nkw wabt nezk`btîw cb Ir`bgc+ z`r gcbt`nbcwdc enkkncrw `bbsckkcecbt &w`gf`bt psc ynbmt `bw zksw

t`rd nkw wc wcrabt esktnzknîw z`r… iasi+ ab ` `rrìtî dcg`kgskcr !.+ e`kmrî k„azzawntnab dc zksw cb zksw cvtrî%enwtc dcw Ir`bí`nw &rîgkè`bt cb y`nb k` tr`dsgtnabdîeagr`tnpsc dc kcsr rcwwcbtnecbt+ `spsck ¨ ab ¸ kcsrazzawc+ z`r kc wnkcbgc eîzrnw`bt ct k` gaszòkc z`wwnyn%tî+ kc dîbnmrcecbt eîdn`tnpsc ct k` rîzabwc lsdngn`nrc+

sbc inb dc bab%rcgcyanr. < zasr ps„nkw i`wwcbt dcw Ir`b%í`nw gc psc k` zraz`m`bdc b„` z`w rîswwn ê i`nrc+ e`kmrîkc wòat`mc gaardabbî dc k` b`tnab ir`bí`nwc z`r kcwzakntnpscw ir`bí`nw dc k„sb ct dc k„`strc gôtî"

zîbîtr`tnab" Wn k„`rtnwtc ` k` gfn`wwc+ kc t`rni dc k„èntnî nbtîrcwwîccwt esktnzknî z`r dcsv+ eìec wn ckkc gf`btc oncb"



?34

¨ Ab ¸ ` cww`~î dc zasrrnr k` ecbt`kntî ir`bí`nwc cbnbtradsnw`bt k` eìn` dcw Nt`kncbw+ ab ` cww`~î d„nbtra%

dsnrc ds i`wgnwec `ycg kcw Cwz`mbakw+ dc k` dngt`tsrc`ycg kcw Zartsm`nw… ¨ Ab ¸ ycst tr`bwiarecr kcwIr`bí`nw cb e`rmasknbw psn bc ynycbt psc z`r k„cwzrnt dcksgrc+ e`nw kcw Ir`bí`nw rîwnwtcbt+ zasr eantnî+ nkw bcycskcbt z`w gf`bmcr" Nkw ycskcbt gabtnbscr ê dîlcsbcr êk` oabbc ir`bpscttc+ tr`y`nkkcr ê k` z`~w`bbc+ ìtrczcnb`rdw d`bw sb eadc dc ync ê k` ynkk`mcanwc+ gf`swwîdc Gf`rcbt`nwcw 8 csv psn r`nkkcbt k` babgf`k`bgc ct k`wnezkngntî d„cwzrnt dcw mcbw z`syrcw `wwaeeîw z`r kcwz`~w ds wakcnk îgr`w`bt+ nkw bc rî`knwcbt z`w gaeoncbcsv%eìecw wabt eîzrnwîw z`r gcsv psn cb ycskcbt zksw+taslasrw zksw+ ct psn gaezkatcbt ct e`masnkkcbt ê kab%mscsr dc lasrbîc zasr ~ z`rycbnr" Kcw Ir`bí`nw+ bab+ bc

ycskcbt z`w ynyrc d`bw sb ît`t dc mscrrc zcre`bcbtc+gaeec dcw z`r`baá`pscw e~tfae`bcw ct e~wtnin%g`tcsrw+ dcw e`k`dcw ecbt`sv psn wc wcbtcbt f`áw ctazzrneîw+ gabtnbsckkcecbt wsr kc psn%ynyc+ taslasrwzrìtw ê i`nrc kcsr y`knwc as ê zrcbdrc kcw `recw" Bab+nkw bc ycskcbt z`w+ ìtrc ct i`nrc gaeec gcsv psn

iastcbt k` ecrdc z`rtast"&Nkw ycskcbt psc wancbt nbwgrntcw d`bw kc Gnck kcw knentcwdcw irabtnærcw ir`bí`nwcw+ kc tntrc dc zrazrnîtî dc kÌr`bgc `sv Ir`bí`nw dc wasgfc kanbt`nbc &arnmnb`nrcw dstcezw aþ k„arnmnbc ‗ dcw baew ‗ wc zcrd lswps„ê k`rcbdrc nbdîinbnwwòkc.+ ct `swwn kcw ¨ `gpsnw wagn`sv ¸+

ìnb psc tast gck` dcecsrc ê lè`nw 8 nkw ycskcbt ìtrc



?33

cb Ir`bgc gaeec kcw Lsniw d`bw kcsr ia~cr b`tnab`k+kcw Wasgfcw psn `ggswcbt kcw Lsniw d„`yanr i`nt dc k`

Ir`bgc gckkc dcw îtr`bmcrw" Kcw Ir`bí`nw abt ws wcgabwtrsnrc sb bnd dasnkkct+ ct nkw ycskcbt ps„nk wantnbwgrnt `s z`trneanbc eabdn`k dc k„fse`bntî+ zrîwcryîdcw nby`wnabw+ zratîmî dcw `mrcwwnabw+ ds y`bd`knwec+ds znkk`mc+ dc k` dnynwnab z`trneabn`kc z`r esktngskts%r`knwec".Zakab`nw+ Nt`kncbw+ Cwz`mbakw+ Zartsm`nw+ Ir`bí`nw… tastí`+ í` wc rcwwceokc inb`kcecbt traz+ zcst%ìtrc" ¨ Ab ¸tasrbc cb rabd" @karw ¨ ab ¸ cwt `kkî gfcrgfcr `nkkcsrw+yr`necbt `nkkcsrw+ dc psan `ktîrcr kcw Ir`bí`nw 8 psckpscgfawc dc dniiîrcbt+ dc yr`necbt dniiîrcbt… dc trazdniiîrcbt" E`nbtcb`bt ¨ ab ¸ cww`nc dc zasrrnr k„cwzrntir`bí`nw cb nbtradsnw`bt dcw `knîbîw psn rèæbcbt ct

rîdsnwcbt gabwtèecbt tast ê kcsr rcknmnab zrnentnycct eìncswc" @ycg csv+ kcw Ir`bí`nw cb abt dîlê `y`kîdcw ycrtcw ct dcw z`w eørcw+ e`nw nkw bc orabgfcbttaslasrw z`w ! eìec wn dcw yanv esresrcbt tnendc%ecbt < ¨ @ttcbtnab+ ab cwt g`zòkc dc rîyakstnab ! Wn ab` zksw rncb ê zcrdrc+ ps`bd ab `sr` zksw rncb ê zcrdrc+

e`nw `karw yr`necbt+ yr`necbt zksw rncb ê zcrdrc+ dstast" M`rc ê yasw+ bc basw zaswwc| z`w ! Ab k` i`nt+ aby` k` i`nrc+ ab k` icr`… sb lasr+ zcst%ìtrc+ îycbtsckkc%ecbt ! Cb `ttcbd`bt+ yatabw zkstôt Cvtrìec%drantc 8



?39

psn b„cwt z`w d„Cvtrìec%drantc+ ê gc ps„ckkc dnt0:3+ ctpsn w„cwt `kknîc `ycg gcsv psn oasgkcbt k` oasgkc" ¸ Nkw

wc wcbtcbt yr`necbt traz oncb cb Ir`bgc ir`bí`nwc 8zasr rncb `s eabdc nkw bc gf`bmcr`ncbt gc psn kcsr y` wnoncb" Nkw ynycbt traz oncb cb Ir`bgc zasr `yanr k` f`nbcct k„cbync dc tast g`wwcr" Gnbp+ dnv+ psnb|c enkknabwd„@ròa%ìra%e`mfrîonbw zksw as eanbw eswske`bw bcwsiinwcbt taslasrw z`w ê i`nrc y`gnkkcr k` Ir`bgc dcenkkc `bw" Ps„cwt%gc ps„¨ ab ¸ zcst i`nrc 1 E`nw ps„cwt%gc ps„¨ ab ¸ zcst i`nrc dc zksw 1! Kcw Ksenærcw dseabdc zcnbcbt ê w„nkksenbcr+ `karw ckkcw iabt gc ps„ckkcwabt k„fòntsdc dc i`nrc d`bw k„aowgsrntî+ g`r dc eîean%rc dc zraz`m`bdnwtcw ab kc w`nt < ¨ Zksw g„cwt mraw+ zkswí` z`wwc" ¸ Cb r`lastcr+ cbgarc ct cbgarc+ gaeec dc kèabb`nc z`zncr nezrneîc w`bw gabtrcz`rtnc t`bmnokc 8

yankê dc psan i`nrc zcrdrc w` y`kcsr ê k` Ir`bgc ! ¨ Ab ¸gaeztc wsr yasw !&Ab wc dce`bdc zasrpsan kcw Ir`bí`nw mrambabw b„abttaslasrw z`w i`nt dc rîyakstnab" D„òard z`rgc psc kcwyr`nw nbntn`tcsrw dcw rîyakstnabw ‗ ir`bí`nwcw ‗ bc kcycskcbt z`w+ cbwsntc z`rgc psc kcw mcbw b„abt z`w cbync

dc wc dîecbcr `s zraint dcw `strcw 8 ct wsrtast z`w `szîrnk dc kcsr ync" Zasr w„cb gaby`nbgrc+ nk wsiint dc yanrgc psn wc z`wwc d`bw sbc gk`wwc dc z`btnbw psc k„ab ì`nt z`rtas|cr ct w„`mntcr gaeec dc i`sv ènw cb kcw

0:3 Kcw îkcgtcsrw w`srabt%nkw sb lasr zasr psn nkw yatcbt 8 cbtrc gc psc

dnwcbt kcw z`rtnw zasr gabycbnr `sv `strcw z`rtnw+ ct gcsv ps„nkwdnwcbt zasr gabycbnr `sv îkcgtcsrw 1



?3=

neono`bt d„`kgaak+ d„cwzrnt dc iènkkc+ dc oabbc cbtcbtcgardn`kc cbtrc mcbw dc tasw farn|abw… karwps„nk cwt

dce`bdî psn ycst w„aggszcr dc z`wwcr sb gasz dctîkîzfabc zasr `yanr sbc nbiare`tnab psn wcr` stnkc êtasw <Tast kc eabdc wc t`nt+ ab wcrrc kcw icwwcw+ ab wcrcm`rdc ds ganb dc k„ŗnk+ ab w„cbmabgc+ kc wasrnrc `sganb dcw kæyrcw+ kc rcm`rd dc inkas psn cb dnt kabm <¨ L„`n dîlê gcttc nbia+ lc k` m`rdc zasr ean ¸+ ¨ z`wpscwtnab dc rcbdrc wcryngc ê gcw gabb`rdw ¸… Nkwsiinr` ps„sb wc kæyc+ dîgndî ê cb inbnr `ycg gcttcznta~òkc wnts`tnab+ zasr ps„sb `strc wc kæyc ct kc wsnycgaeec sb tcghck &Www kc grîtnb gfcrgfc%ecrdc+ psn`zzrcbd ê i`nrc gaeec T"Y"+ k„azzartsbnwtc oasrwnga%tcsr ct tfîw`srnwcsr+ psn rczærc kcw zanrcw ct kcw oabw

gaszw `y`bt dc wc gakkcr ê csv zasr cb tnrcr zraint.+t`bdnw psc kcw `strcw rckïgfcbt kcw eswgkcw ct yabttîkîzfabcr+ isecr ct oanrc sb gìî cb `ttcbd`bt psc k`gfawc wc i`wwc" @nbwn wc dîraskc sbc bab%rîyakstnab 8`ycg dcw k`rycw psn k`nwwcbt wc gaeecttrc dcw mîbagn%dcw z`rgc ps„ckkcw k`nwwcbt eìec gaeecttrc kcsr

zrazrc mîbagndc wasrbanw+ `zræw w„ìtrc k`nwwîcw wcvsck%kcecbt estnkcr z`r kcw mîbagnd`nrcw".Yasw ìtcw ngn cb enwwnab" Kcw Ir`bí`nw danycbt wcecttrc d`bw kc grïbc kc zrnbgnzc zrcencr `spsck dant wcgabiarecr tast oab cwgk`yc ds g`znt`knwec inb`bgncr 8ê k` eadc cwgk`y`mnwtc èîrng`nbc as `rònpsc < nk i`st

z`~cr zasr tast 8 òwaksecbt tast z`~cr+ eìec k„c`s+



?36

eìec k„`nr+ ct eìec kc drant d„cvnwtcr" Nk i`st gcwwcrdc tîtcr eè`b E`rn`bbc &wsrtast zcbd`bt ps„ckkc

wsgc Abgkc Wè 8 g„cwt rîzsmb`bt. ct gcwwcr dc wcrîismncr d`bw kcw mraw or`w ycksw dc z`z` Ct`t zasrps„nk g`wwc k` mscskc `sv eîgf`btw ya~asw psn r`ghct%tcbt tast kc eabdc" ¨ Gcwwc|+ kcw Ir`bí`nw+ dc yaswrcmraszcr `stasr d„sb Ct`t iart+ g`zòkc dc tcbnr tìtc`sv wcnmbcsrw dc mscrrc îgabaenpsc ct inb`bgnærc 8`zzrcbc| ê yasw wasecttrc ê k` kan iîad`kc dc k` iargc+dc k` rswc+ dc k` garrsztnab" ¸ Yasw k„cvzknpscrc| `ycgyaw eatw `sv Ir`bí`nw d„cb o`w+ psn bc k„cbtcbdcbt z`wdc gcttc i`íab d`bw k` k`bmsc onwgarbsc dc gcsv ps„nkwabt k` b`áyc wtszndntî d„`ggkècr ê gf`psc îkcgtnab < k`_îzsoknpsc dîeagr`tnpsc dc Ir`bgc cwt sb e`sy`nwrìyc 8 sb kcsrrc dc wagnîtî wcgrætc gaezkatcswc ‗ psn

wcrt ê i`nrc granrc psc gc psn cwt enw cb ŗsyrc cwtyasks z`r k` e`larntî+ ct psc gf`gsb ` k` zk`gc ps„nkeîrntc+ g`r kcw eìecw ea~cbw wabt aiicrtw ê tast sbgf`gsb ‗"&Cb rî`kntî+ k` _îzsoknpsc ir`bí`nwc+ g„cwt í` <Yasw ìtcw d`bw sbc gk`wwc" Sb zwcsda zraicwwcsr

gae`tcsv+ w`bw dastc znwtabbî+ zkstôt isenwtc ctg`kgsk`tcsr tnrc%`s%ik`bg+ gf`rmc sb or`w drant `zzrcb%tn eìnawa d„~ i`nrc rîmbcr wab Ardrc cb ksn i`nw`bttr`pscr kcw gabtcwt`t`nrcw+ kcw îkcgtrabw knorcw+ kcwrîir`gt`nrcw" Yasw `yc| cb astrc sb dîkîmsî dc gk`wwc+psn gôtanc tast kc zcrwabbck dc k„îtòknwwcecbt+ ct psn+

dc z`r w` iabgtnab+ ` wcw zctntcw cbtrîcw z`rtast" Nk `



?3>

îtî îkcyî `ycg wcw wŗsrw+ dabg nk z`rkc gaeec kcwinkkcw+ dnwtnbgtcecbt+ zawîecbt &dc i`íab ê zasyanr wc

i`sinkcr d`bw k` ync dcw iceecw eørcw ps„nkw gakkcbt+dnwgrætcecbt+ gaeec sb zctnt m`ríab psn tr`âbc d`bwkcsrw z`ttcw+ zasr bc z`w kcsr dabbcr k„nezrcwwnab ps„nkzîbætrc dc iargc+ `ycg k` ontc+ d`bw kcsr cbtrc%iceecw. 8 z`w gaeec kcw m`ríabw+ psn kc iabt `ycgiargc ct ynmscsr+ wasycbt zasr bc rncb dnrc+ lswtcz`rgc ps„nkw abt sbc ontc ê i`nrc y`kanr &cb i`nt kcwiceecw `swwn asyrcbt sbc mr`bdc mscskc ps`bd ckkcwycskcbt i`nrc y`kanr kcsr wcvc+ cb k„aggsrrcbgc kcsrgarzw tast cbtncr." Gck` r`wwsrc kcw `starntîw 8 dctr`ntcr `ycg psckps„sb psn ycst kcsr zk`nrc+ yanrc kcsrwsgcr kc e`bgfc ‗ zasr maøtcr `s wcbtnecbt dc tcbnr k`masycrbc ‗"

Gc dîkîmsî wc y`strc `ycg sbc nbgsktc ‗ dabg ‗ wsnycs%wc+ sbc inkkc i`gnkc psn dnt taslasrw ¨ asn ¸ 8 wnezkcecbtz`rgc ps„ckkc `nec z`wwcr ds oab tcezw `ycg kcwm`ríabw+ wcvsckkcecbt as bab &g„cwt w` iènkkc ê ckkc+wcw gaz`nbw+ z`rgc ps„`zz`rceecbt w` iènkkc onakamn%psc bc ksn i`nt z`w traz cbync 8 gaeec wasycbt." Nk ycst

ksn aiirnr sb g`dc`s d„`bbnycrw`nrc" Psc i`nt%nk 1 Nk i`ntsbc gakkcgtc zasr inb`bgcr kc g`dc`s 8 nk ` k„fòntsdc+ nkcb ` dîlê i`nt sbc+ zasr i`nrc sb g`dc`s dc inb dcwcwwnab `s iare`tcsr mk`bdcsr+ `ycg kcpsck ksn ct kcw`strcw wc wabt oncb èswîw dcw eanw dsr`bt" Nk `zzkn%psc kcw eîtfadcw zakntngncbbcw < bc lè`nw z`~cr dc w`

zagfc zasr eabtcr wsr kcw `strcw+ taslasrw i`nrc z`~cr



?9:

`sv `strcw kcw i`ycsrw psc k„ab i`nt `sv sbw zasr cbtnrcr zraint zcrwabbck+ rcbya~cr kcw `wgcbwcsrw `sv

sbw cb i`nw`bt z`~cr kcw `strcw+ wc i`nrc îknrc cbi`nw`bt z`~cr `sv `strcw kcw i`ycsrw psc k„ab i`nt `svsbw"Gc dîkîmsî+ `ycg kc eìnawa dc wcryngc+ b„fîwntc z`w êi`nrc rce`rpscr `sv îkcgtrabw knorcw ps„nkw raezcbt kc¨ z`gtc rîzsokng`nb ¸ cb bc gaezart`bt z`w gaeec dcweastabw wsnycsrw wasenw `sv zctntw gfciw datîw dcwzasyanrw dc rîmcbgc 8 ìtrc zctnt gfci+ í` dabbc dcw`nrw+ ct í` b„cb i`nt z`w e`bpscr… Sb tr`y`nk d„îpsnzccwt dce`bdî" Kcw îpsnzcw danycbt ìtrc tnrîcw `s wart"Psc i`nt kc dîkîmsî dc gk`wwc 1 &gcksn psn tr`âbc `ycgkcw iceecw zasr w`yanr gaeecbt kcsr z`rkcr wckab kcsrgabycb`bgc+ gcksn psn ` `zzrnw ê kcsr gabt`gt ê

zragîdcr zasr aotcbnr psckpsc gfawc dc gcksn psn ` kczasyanr. Nk znzc kcw dîw" Cb gasknwwc+ nk y` wc gabgcrtcr`ycg kc iare`tcsr < ¨ Lc ycsv ìtrc `ycg ckkc+ ksn+ ksn+ ctksn ¸ 8 kcw ¨ ksn ¸+ gc wabt kcw iìt`rdw psn tasrbcbt`stasr dc k` inkkc i`gnkc+ ct psn abt iareî sb gnr%gabwt`bgnck gcrgkc d„èntnî &d`bw kc eìec mcbrc+ ab

trasycr` gcsv psn gabtasrbcbt k` ¨ g`rtc wgak`nrc ¸+ycrwcbt sb zat%dc%ynb zasr `yanr sb kamcecbt+ aszraecttcbt kcw yanv dc ¨ batrc gaeesb`stî ¸ w„nkwaotncbbcbt sb cezkan… cb orci+ gcsv psn bc gaeztcbtz`w wsr kc ¨ z`gtc rîzsokng`nb ¸+ kcw îkcgtnabw zrîwn%dcbtnckkcw as k` zrayndcbgc+ gaeec kcw eastabw+ psn wc

k`nwwcbt ecbcr z`r E`rn`bbc+ k` ocrmærc psn kcsr



?90

gf`btc kc rcir`nb dc k` rîzsoknpsc ct dc k` dîeagr`tnc+zasr kcw ecbcr… kê aþ kcw Ir`bí`nw bc wceokcbt z`w

`necr." Kc eìnawa dc wcryngc+ ksn+ wc wasect ê k` kan dsZ`rr`nb" Dabg nk `ttcbd psc kcw mraszcw wancbt f`w`r%dcswcecbt iareîw" E`nw kc yankê nbw`tnwi`nt dcw zcr%wabbcw `ycg psn nk cwt `wwagnî &dabt k„@kmîrncb trazt~zî+ traz zcs e`kkîòkc+ ps„nk b„`nec dabg z`w 8 gaeeckcw dcsv `strcw+ ê zcnbc zksw e`kkîòkcw+ ct dabg tast`st`bt g`wtr`tcsr zasr k` i`nok`rdc ynrnkntî dc kèìnakc0:9.+ z`rgc ps„nk b„`rrnyc z`w ê kcw dnrnmcr+ ckkcwpsn zrcbbcbt kcsr tïgfc ê k` kîmærc cb cb i`nw`bt ps„êkcsr tìtc+ w`bw gaardnb`tnab" Ps`bd nk w„`mnww`nt dc rnrcct dc w„èswcr+ gaeec nk kc rîgkè`nt+ gcw zcrwabbcwît`ncbt zksw as eanbw ê wab maøt+ e`nw dæw karw ps„nk ksncb gaøtc+ nkw bc kcw `zzrîgncbt zksw+ ksn psn ycst psc

tast want ê wab `y`bt`mc 8 inb`kcecbt+ nk `sr`nt zrîiîrîìtrc `ycg gcsv psn wc wabt i`nt ê k„ndîc ps„nkw wabt kê+bab zasr w„èswcr cb ît`bt rîesbîrîw+ e`nw zasr wciarecr wsr sb e`rgfî ds tr`y`nk gaezknpsî+ g`r tastgaeztc i`nt+ nk cwt zksw èsw`bt dc tr`y`nkkcr cb dîea%gr`tnc+ d`bw sbc èon`bgc d„îgf`bmc+ dc gabgcrt`tnab

ct d„`wwnwt`bgc estsckkc"

0:9 Bîakamnwec zasr dîwnmbcr sb `zzrcbtn eìnawa traz wcbwnokc+traz îeatni+ traz oab yny`bt+ traz gfnpsî+ traz zsîrnkcecbt`tt`gfî `sv iceecw zasr ìtrc sb yr`n dsr gf`rnwe`tnpsc g`zòkcd„nezrcwwnabbcr `strc gfawc psc dcw incbtcw dc gap+ ct dc dnrnmcr

icrececbt `strc gfawc psc dcw zaswwnbw cb k„òwcbgc dc kcsreærc as dc kcsr wnenkn%eærc dc wsowtntstnab"



?9?

Dsr`bt k„cvècb inb`k+ kc eìnawa dc gfniiab wcr` kcwcsk ê yaskanr rcecttrc ê w` zk`gc wnkcbgncswc k„@kmîrncb

psn b„` lè`nw cs dc gcwwc dc gfcrgfcr dc k„`ndc `szræwdc wab gabmîbærc ct dc gcksn psn k„` zartî ê oast dcor`w cb ksn zcrectt`bt+ batèecbt+ dc inbnr wab zralctdc inb d„îtsdcw" Nk ` tcbtî+ e`nw nk w„cwt fcsrtî ê sb awê psn ab bc i`nt z`w k` kcíab 8 g`r w` rcknmnab `knîb`btccwt dîlê z`wwî z`r wab gcryc`s+ ct k„` ycrrasnkkî" Nkw`srabt îtî zkswncsrw+ `nbwn+ ê awcr rîgkècr d„`strsnps„nkw icrecbt k` mscskc ps„csv%eìecw `y`ncbt taslasrwasycrtc+ wasycbt zasr zcrwnikcr" G„cwt Iòncb W`y`tcpsn rïkc+ zcwtc+ rcm`rdc dc tr`ycrw+ e`nw g„cwt Iòncbbcpsn wc lswtninc cb w„îgr`w`bt+ ps`bd kc E`mfrîonbeabtc wsr wcw mr`bdw gfcy`sv &d„sb ¨ Ps„cwt%gc ps„~„` 1!Ps„cwt%gc ps„~„` 1! ¸. < ¨ A`ff%cff%as`nw%e`nw… ¸

Yasw yaskc| psc l„cb rcecttc sbc gasgfc 1 tast `swwnnbwnmbnin`btc" &Ab cwt d`bw k` gabycrw`tnab dc w`kab" Í`dcyr`nt yasw zk`nrc+ fcnb+ ecw gagfabw !. @kkc| !Psc gra~c|%yasw psc i`nw`ncbt kcw îpsnzcw dnrnmîcw z`rkc dîkîmsî ct kc eìnawa dabbcsrw dc kcíab d„ ¨ cwzrntd„îpsnzc ¸ gfîrnincb 1 Gf`gsbc wc rîsbnww`nt ê k„îg`rt

dc k` gk`wwc cb gfsgfat`bt zasr psc kcw `strcw îpsnzcwb„cbtcbdcbt z`w wgnbtnkkcr kcsrw mîbn`kcw ndîcw… tast cbb„fîwnt`bt z`w ê `kkcr gfcrgfcr nbwznr`tnab cb tasrb`bt`stasr dcw `strcw îpsnzcw" &D`bw kc eìec cwzrnt+ yasw`yc| k„azzartsbnwtc oasrwngatcsr aowîdî z`r k` wnts`%tnab e`tîrnckkc+ kc z`trneanbc ct kc w`k`nrc dcw `strcw+

psn tasrbc `stasr dcw sbw ct dcw `strcw zasr zsnwcr



?97

dcw ndîcw+ wc i`nrc `ndcr ct wc i`nrc garrnmcr+ e`nw psni`nt ecwpsnbcecbt wnkcbgc ps`bd nk yant psc yasw `yc|

i`nt sbc crrcsr as ps`bd yasw ksn dce`bdc| sb îgk`nr%gnwwcecbt" Nk wc tasrbc ycrw yasw zasr `yanr sbc nbiar%e`tnab+ ct zsnw wc rczkabmc d`bw wab asyr`mc" Lswtc`zræw+ dcy`bt ksn ab wc tasrbc zasr ksn dce`bdcr sbrcbwcnmbcecbt" Psc i`nt%nk 1 Nk ròrasc kc psîe`b%dcsr d„sb rcycrw dc e`nb < ¨ Bc ec dîr`bmc z`w+ lctr`y`nkkc ! ¸ Ct cbwsntc 1 Zcs `zræw+ ksn%eìec wc kæyczasr `kkcr dce`bdcr sbc `ndc ê gcksn ps„nk yncbt dcròrascr ! Psc lc ecsrc wsr kc gfèz wn gc psc lc yaswr`gabtc b„cwt z`w yr`n !Gc T"Y" yasw dce`bdc dc ksn nbwt`kkcr sb kamngnck¨ knoîr`knwî ¸+ gc ps„nk bc w`nt z`w i`nrc+ e nw ps`bd sbgè`r`dc dc gk`wwc ksn dce`bdc dc ksn zrìtcr gc

kamngnck zasr zasyanr gaeokcr wab rct`rd ê daengnkc+ nkzrîtcbd bc z`w k„`yanr 8 kc gè`r`dc cb pscwtnab ît`btgcksn%kê ps„nk `y`nt ròrasî dcw eanw `sz`r`y`bt+ ct êpsn+ cbwsntc+ nk ît`nt `kkî dce`bdcr sb rcbwcnmbcecbt"Dcsv lasrw zksw t`rd+ T"Y" rcyncbt yasw dce`bdcr dcksn cvzknpscr k` zragîdsrc zasr nbwt`kkcr kc kamngnck ps„nk

zrîtcbd`nt bc z`w `yanr+ ìnb dc zasyanr k„nbwt`kkcr wsrk` e`gfnbc d„sbc gabb`nww`bgc… Wnezkc cvcezkc zasrnkkswtrcr sb gaezartcecbt ecwpsnb+ gaeec basw taswzasyabw cb `yanr+ e`nw psc lc wasknmbc zasr eabtrcrpsc gfcrgfcrabt cb yasw ct cb yaw i`ntw k` eanbdrcgfawc grntnpsòkc gcsv%kê eìec psn wabt trsiiîw dc

dîi`stw ct iènkncrw dcw eîi`ntw" Yasw zasyc| kcw kcsr



?94

rcbya~cr ê k` inmsrc+ e`nw yasw taeocrc| d`bw kcwtr`ycrw dc gcsv psn+ ê k„îgfckkc d„sb z`~w+ z`wwcbt kcsr

tcezw ê wc i`nrc k` mscrrc 8 cb k„aggsrrcbgc kcwCsrazîcbw+ ct zksw cv`gtcecbt k` eantnî `rrnynwtc psncbtr`âbc k„`strc eantnî zk`gndc" Nkw ycskcbt yasw i`nrcdcycbnr gaeec csv 8 `ycg dcw gaszw o`w" @kkc|%yaswyasw kcw k`nwwcr rîswwnr 1.Ps`bt `s dîkîmsî+ nk i`nt gnrgskcr sb pscwtnabb`nrc zasri`nrc dnrc gc psn bc y` z`w d`bw k„îtòknwwcecbt+ cbnbwnwt`bt wsr kc orsnt 8 psc iabt wcw iìt`rdw yanwnbw dcdartanr+ psn bc dîr`bmcbt psc ksn+ astrc kcw zartcw psnt`zcbt kasrdcecbt+ traz kasrdcecbt ê wab maøt"Inb`kcecbt+ dc wab kabm iaresk`nrc ê k` gab sbc wcskcgaezk`nbtc wcr` rctcbsc z`r k` dnrcgtnab+ gc psn wctr`dsnr` z`r sbc kcttrc d„`ycrtnwwcecbt `sv t`z`mcsrw"

Cf asn ! Gcttc z`zcr`wwc b„`y`nt ps„sb wcsk aolcgtni <zcrecttrc `s dîkîmsî d„aotcbnr gc ps„nk yask`nt zasr ksn+cb w„`zzs~`bt wsr k` z`rtngnz`tnab dc tasw+ cbzrîtcvt`bt k„nbtîrìt gakkcgtni" Inb`kcecbt+ nk `sr` i`ntzartcr wsr psckps„sb d„`strc k` rcwzabwònkntî dcwecwsrcw zrnwcw zasr cezìgfcr kcw wanrîcw `bneîcw 8

gaeec yasw wcr` `ttrnosî sbc gcrt`nbc nbikscbgc wsrkcw rîgkè`tnabw `starnt`nrcw ‗ dc gcksn zasr psn tast kceabdc iabgtnabb`nrc cwt i`nbî`bt ‗+ as k„nbwasenwwnabdc tck `strc+ as cbgarc wsr k„îz`rznkkcecbt ds traszc`sdc i`sv ènw… wnezkcecbt z`rgc psc b„ìtcw z`w dnwza%wîw ê ìtrc kcw znabw dc tck bîa%eìnawa garwc+ dc tck

bîa%nwkènwtc e`rag`nb+ dc tck kægfc%yskyc ockmc… dc



?93

tasw gcsv psn ycskcbt gabiarecr kcw `strcw ê gc psnkcsr gabyncbt+ ct psn gaezkatcbt gabtrc gcsv psn kcsr

dîzk`nwcbt cb eabt`bt tast kc eabdc gabtrc csv+ z`rdîbnmrcecbt wzîgncsv ct r`matw e`kngncsv"Ab zcst wc dce`bdcr zasrpsan nk ` swî dc gc wtr`%t`mæec zasr i`nrc gcwwcr kc gf`fst bagtsrbc+ zasrpsankcw gf`fstcsrw bc wc rcmrasz`ncbt z`w d`bw kcw w`kkcwdc ync gaeesbc+ zasr rcm`rdcr k` tîkîynwnab as zasrw„`dabbcr ê kcsrw zctntcw wanrîcw" Zasrpsan zrîiîrcrrcm`rdcr k` tîkîynwnab wcsk ‗ `ycg w` tîkî+ w` gnm`rcttc+wab ycrrc ‗ d`bw w` gfèorc 1 Zasrpsan zrîiîrcr war%tnr z`r zctntw mraszcw+ ct bab `ycg tastc k` ¨ mr`bdciènkkc ¸ 1 d`bw dcw wartcw dc kncsv ê wan+ aþ ab ` wcwfòntsdcw zrnyîcw+ zcrwabbckkcw+ nbtnecw" Zasr g`gfcrwab `kgaaknwec ct wab tò`mnwec nkkngntc 1 Zasr bc z`w

`yanr ê z`rt`mcr 1 As zkstôt zasr ìtrc cbtrc wan+ knî`sv `strcw z`r dcw kncbw d„ìinbntî+ dc w~ez`tfnc+d„èntnî+ zkstôt psc z`r kcw gabtr`nbtcw f~zagrntcwd„sbc psckgabpsc zakntnpsc sro`nbc+ wagn`kc as rckn%mncswc" Z`rgc psc k` gabtnbsckkc zraenwgsntî ds eadcdc ync ìra%`ròa%`wn`tnpsc%wîentc bc gabyncbt `sv

Aggndcbt`sv"&Nk zrcbd kc zkn dcw zakntnpscw ct dcw eabd`nbw+ ksn+batèecbt ps`bd nk w„`mnt dc ik`ttcswcecbt z`rkcrzasr bc rncb dnrc+ as cbgarc zasr i`nrc wcw ìi`nrcwzcrwabbckkcw `s bae dc k„nbtîrìt dc tasw" @nbwn+ ps`bdyasw yasdrc| r`wwsrcr kc basyc`s dnrcgtcsr wsr wab

`gtnab+ cb ksn i`nw`bt w`yanr psc+ psan psc dnwc kc rswtrc



?99

oasrwngatcsr nbtîrcwwî ‗ psn grant zasyanr zrcwwcr kcwmcbw gaeec dcw oasrrngatw `ycg sbc gr`y`gfc ‗+

¨ yasw `yc| i`nt Xoc`sgasz dc gfawcw dczsnw yatrc`rrnyîc+ yasw `yc| dîeabtrî yatrc oabbc yakabtî+ e`nwpsan psc yasw i`wwnc|+ gck` bc wsiinr` lè`nw `ycg gcsvpsn ycskcbt ìtrc dcw zrnynkîmnîw psn z`rt`mcbt kcw`y`bt`mcw ds Zasyanr w`bw dcyanr wszzartcr kcwnbgabyîbncbtw dc wab cvcrgngcU… ¸+ kc zctnt dîkîmsî dczcrwabbc ct dc rncb ds tast yasw gaszcr` k` z`rakczasr z`rkcr ¨ gaeec nk i`st ¸ < ¨ @ttcbdw+ k`nwwc%eanXz`rkcr 8 g„cwt ê ean+ kc dîkîmsî+ dc z`rkcr `s bae dsgfcbnkU… ¸ ¨ Ab tncbt ê yasw rcecrgncr zasr tast gcpsc yasw `yc| i`nt" ¸ Iareskc z`wwc%z`rtast psnb„cbm`mc ê rncb0:=+ psn dnt w`bw rncb dnrc+ ct psn ik`ttckc dcwtnb`t`nrc" Z`w dc dastc+ nk bc tncbt ps„`s k`rdab

dc i`nrc wab tras d„aoknmî dc k` wzfærc zakntnpsc+ nk w`ntdîlê ~ z`rkcr gaeec nk i`st 8 zasr ~ zramrcwwcr+ nkdcyr` `zzrcbdrc ê i`nrc kcw zrazawntnabw ps„nk i`st+ êpsn nk i`st+ zasr gc ps„nk i`st" Bc z`w i`nrc dc y`mscw+ nkw`nt dîlê i`nrc+ gaeec kcw `strcw" Ct gaeec tast kceabdc `zzrcbd k` eìec gfawc+ nk i`st `swwn `zzrcbdrc

0:= Gaeec gckkc dc k` gab`wwc dc tasono < ¨ Nk b„` z`w `zzrîgnî wabwîlasr `s Gcbtrc" ¸ Psc dnr`nt%ckkc 1 wn gcksn psn b„` z`w `zzrîgnî&ds tast+ ds tast+ DS TAST.+ ksn ectt`nt dcw gaszw dc zncd d`bwk` tìtc `y`bt dc ksn gfncr d`bw k` oasgfc" ¨ Lc b„`n z`w traz

`zzrîgnî" Nk ~ ` gaeec sb zctnt psckpsc gfawc psn ec rcwtc cbtr`ycrw dc k` marmc" ¸



?9=

ê wsricr cb k„òwcbgc dc y`mscw" G„cwt zasrpsan ^`f~`%zrai kcw ` nbntnîw `sv lancw ds h`~`h"

D„`nkkcsrw+ enbn%wsea w`nt eìec zartcr kcw wcryncttcw…Cbinb ! nk `zzrcbd 8 nk `zzrcbd ê bc z`w i`nrc dc i`svz`w" @nbwn+ ps`bd kc i`btagfc dîkîmsî cb wcgabdw„òwcbtc cb k`nww`bt wcw ìi`nrcw cb gk`wwc+ dabt wcwgkciw+ ps`bd tastc k` gk`wwc psnttc k` w`kkc dc gasrw cbinb dc lasrbîc+ `sgsb dcw ¨ ir`tcrbckw ènw ¸ `bneîw ‗cb i`í`dc ct z`r gabtr`nbtc ‗ dc k„cwzrnt d„îpsnzc+ dcmraszc+ dc gk`b+ dc iènkkc+ bc wc wasgnc dc ksn rècbcrwcw ìi`nrcw" E`nw ps`bd yasw zrcbc| gcw ìi`nrcw cb`bbabí`bt psc yasw `kkc| kcw `zzartcr ê wab zrazrnî%t`nrc+ Kcz`woc`s w`nwnt k„agg`wnab dc oncb wc i`nrc yanrcb eìec tcezw ps„nk yasw cbkæyc kcw ìi`nrcw dcwe`nbw+ tast cb k„`wwsr`bt < ¨ K`nwwc+ lc y`nw XkcwU ksn

`zzartcr" ¸Lc yasw nbyntc ê dîyckazzcr yatrc wcbw dc k„aowcry`%tnab+ yatrc wcbw grntnpsc+ ct `strcw wsotnkw wcbw dck„cwzrnt+ zasr psc yasw zsnwwnc| zrcbdrc gabwgncbgc dcgc ps„cwt rîckkcecbt kc eabdc d`bw kcpsck yasw ynyc|"Gck` yasw èswcr` z`rianw+ gck` yasw rîzsmbcr` was%

ycbt+ gck` yasw cv`wzærcr` tast `st`bt" E`nw zcst%ìtrcîzrasycrc|%yasw d„`strcw wcbtnecbtw psc kcw encbw"Zcst%ìtrc wcrc|%yasw cbtfaswn`weîw z`r tastc k` ecw%psnbcrnc ct `strc zst`wwcrnc" @zræw tast+ yasw `nec|zcst%ìtrc kc g`g`" Yasw ìtcw zcst%ìtrc dcw e`bmc%ecrdc+ yasw `swwn".



?96

Ct ps`bd kc eìnawa dc wcryngc zaswwc kc traszc`s êw„`kgaaknwcr+ ê icwta~cr+ ê o`y`wwcr+ ê `daztcr wab

r~tfec babgf`k`bt ds Mr`bd wsd+ as oncb karwps„nk ycstaotcbnr k„`dfîwnab ds zksw mr`bd baeorc zasr ecttrcdc k` eswnpsc dsr`bt kcw wî`bgcw dc tr`y`nk+ z`rgc psckcw wabbcrncw dcw tîkîzfabcw zartòkcw psn rîwabbcbtgabtnbsckkcecbt+ í` e`bpsc grsckkcecbt dc eswng`kntî&t`bt ps„ê i`nrc+ `lastabw `swwn sbc i`bi`rc.… nk bc yaswdnr` z`w gc ps„nk inbnr` z`r rîyîkcr < ¨ Ean lc wsnw z`wgaeec yasw+ l„`n taslasrw eab tr`y`nk" ¸ Tncbw dabg !Ksn i`nt kc gka}b `ycg sb inkct dc wîgsrntî" W„nk b„aotncbtz`w wab dnzkôec+ gc b„cwt z`w mr`yc zasr ksn 8 gaeeczasr gcsv psn abt dcw rck`tnabw+ ct psn wc ycrrabtaiirnr ds tr`y`nk+ eìec w`bw y`knd`tnab dcw `gpsnw"&Nk i`st cvgswcr kcw `zzckw tîkîzfabnpscw nbtcezcwtniw+

psn rckæycbt tasw dc k„srmcbgc òwaksc < ¨ @kka+ eabgfîrn 1 Csf+ lc wsnw d`bw kcw ]"G" Lc yncbw dc i`nrcg`g`" Nk b„~ ` zksw dc z`zncr" Ps„cwt%gc psc lc i`nw 1 ¸¨ Oasmc z`w+ lc t„cbyanc ecw gasrw ! ¸.Yasw `yc| gaezrnw 1 Ps`bd ¨ ab ¸ yasw dnt dce`bnicwtcr+ dc i`nrc k` mræyc+ k` rîyakstnab+ as dc

yatcr… ps`bd ab yasw nbgntc ê yasw lctcr d`bw kc yndc+dce`bdc|%yasw gc psc rnwpscbt gcsv psn yasw ~zaswwcbt" Gcsv psn dabbcbt dcw gasrw dc ikcvnonkntî dck„cezkan+ wabt%nkw dcw zrîg`nrcw as dcw rabdw dc gsnr 1&Psc g`gfc+ z`r cvcezkc+ k„nbwnwt`bgc dcw i`b`tnpscwdc k„`kgaak ê yasw i`nrc dcycbnr gaeec csv 1 Abt%nkw

dcw `gtnabw d`bw k„nbdswtrnc dc k„`kgaak 1 Abt%nkw dcw



?9>

gabb`nww`bgcw as dcw z`rcbtw d`bw kc gaeecrgc dck„`kgaak 1 Gfcrgfcbt%nkw ê yasw cbtr`âbcr d`bw kcsr

dîgfî`bgc 1 Ab bc dabbc lè`nw dc k„ar z`r k` iargc ctk„nbwnwt`bgc 8 g„cwt z`r k` rswc+ kc ecbwabmc ct k`wîdsgtnab psc k„ab i`nt `y`kcr sbc znt`bgc nbicgtc as sbzanwab" @karw psc ycst%ab yasw i`nrc `y`kcr ps`bd abnbwnwtc zasr yasw i`nrc `y`kcr dc k„`kgaak 1 Kcwdnwgatfæpscw `ttnrcbt kcw iceecw as kcw z`ncbt zasri`nrc gabwaeecr kcw faeecw" Kcw nbdswtrnckw dck„`kgaak z`ncbt dcw gaeecrgn`sv as w„`zzsncbt wsr dcwrò`ttcsrw zasr zaswwcr kcw mcbw ê gabwaeecr kcsrwzradsntw" Z`rtast wabt ¨ nbinktrîw dcw ¨ `mcbtw ¸ psnacsyrcbt zasr wcrynr kcw nbtîrìtw dcw gaeesb`stîwrcknmncswcw+ dcw garzar`tnabw+ dcw z`rtnw zakntnpscw+dcw nbdswtrnckw+ ct zraeasyanr kcw zradsntw `svpsckw nkw

wabt dîzcbd`btw+ wnezkcecbt z`rgc psc ps`btntîd„nbdnyndsw `necbt `yanr dc k„nbikscbgc ct ds zasyanr wsrkcw `strcw 8 ct zasr gc i`nrc+ nkw stnknwcbt kc wszzartgsktsrck gaeec lswtning`tnab d„sbc zrcwwnab zw~gfakamn%psc+ gaeec sbc `rec e`wwnyc dc wasenwwnab".Zsnwwc gcw cvcezksew yasw i`nrc rî`knwcr gc ps„cwt k`

_îzsoknpsc Dîeagr`tnpsc dc Ir`bgc &sbc i`rgc psn `yasw zasr dnbdabw 8 wn yasw gaeztc| wsr kcw îkcgtnabwzasr aotcbnr w`tnwi`gtnab+ ps`bd gc psc k„ab aotncbt aszcrd ê k` wsntc d„sbc îkcgtnab bc zcst ìtrc zrnw pscgaeec sbc oabbc as sbc e`sy`nwc wsrzrnwc+ gaeecd`bw sbc katcrnc. 8 as zkstôt+ gc ps„cwt k` _îzsoknpsc

dcw Ir`bí`nw" Kcw oabw zctntw dnwgnzkcw ds W~wtæec wc



?=:

z`ncbt dcw i`ycsrw wsr kc daw dc gcsv ps„nkw abt knyrîw`s W~wtæec" Bc i`ntcw z`w dc rceasw+ lasc| kc or`w

drant ds W~wtæec+ nk yasw rîgaezcbwcr` zksw yakabtncrwps`bd yasw ksn dce`bdcrc| sbc i`ycsr zasr yasw"G„cwt zcs as zras z`rtast z`rcnk 8 k` dcy`btsrc dc kòastnpsc gf`bmc+ e`nw kc iabdw dc gaeecrgc dcecsrc"Dcw nbdnyndsw iîragcecbt `yndcw dc zasyanr w„nezawcbtct nezawcbt kcsr rîmnec zakntnpsc ê tasw ‗ cb w„`stazra%gkè`bt rczrîwcbt`btw nbgabtcwtîw dc tasw ‗ 8 `nbwneìec psc gcrt`nbw w„`zzrazrncbt sbc g`swc+ sb gaeo`t+sb easycecbt+ sbc tcbd`bgc &kcw zksw eîdn`tnwîw bcwabt z`w iargîecbt gcsv psn cb iabt kc zksw d`bw kcwi`ntw." Tast kc eabdc b„` z`w d„ìinbntî `ycg kc rîmnecnbwt`srî+ e`nw zcs abt k` yakabtî dc wc o`ttrc zasri`nrc y`kanr sb `strc rîmnec ‗ t`bt nkw wc rcwwceokcbt

tasw ‗+ zcs wabt `swwn `yndcw dc zasyanr psc gcsv psn wck„`gg`z`rcbt" Tast kc eabdc k`nwwc dabg i`nrc cbwòat`bt zksw as eanbw kc rîmnec cb zk`gc+ wsny`bt pscwcw nbtîrìtw zcrwabbckw wabt w`tnwi`ntw as z`w" Gcsvpsn ycskcbt zrîwcrycr kcsr trôbc abt nbtîrìt ê w`tnw%i`nrc kcw iargcw ynycw g`zòkcw dc rcbycrwcr kcsr

rîmnec 8 ct t`bt znw zasr kcw eastabw".Dîware`nw+ zk`gc ê O`hgfngf 8 g„cwt kc bae ds basyc`sdncs psc kcw Ir`bí`nw danycbt `darcr cb w„~ wasectt`bt"Ab gaeztc wsr yasw zasr `zzrcbdrc k` wasenwwnab `svIr`bí`nw+ gcttc wasenwwnab ps„ab yasw ` nbgskpsîc êmr`bdw gaszw dc rcknmnab gaszcswc dc wcvcw ct

gaszcswc dc tìtcw < nk i`st+ d`bw kcw grïbcw zsrmîw+



?=0

rcezk`gcr kc eat ¨ faoo~ ¸ z`r kc eat ¨ kaoo~ ¸" Kctcezw b„cwt zksw `sv faooncw" Kaooncw tastc !

Kcw zanmbîcw dc e`nb yabt oab tr`nb cbtrc k` gknpsczakntnga%zambab d„sb gôtî ct k` gknpsc zakntnga%enknt`ra%zambab dc k„`strc gôtî" Zasr bc z`w wc i`nrc z%r%cbdrc+gcttc gknpsc ycst psc tast kc eabdc cb i`wwc `st`bt êwab bnyc`s < ecttc| sb onkkct d`bw gf`gsbc dc yawzanmbîcw dc e`nb 8 as sbc dawc dc dramsc+ kc g`wîgfî`bt" Yasw zasyc| `swwn ecttrc sbc zrawtntsîc dcksvc+ e`nw í` zrcbd zksw dc zk`gc+ ct d„`nkkcsrw í` bctncbt z`w d`bw k` e`nb 8 nk i`st k` ecttrc d`bw sb t`vnct k` i`nrc knyrcr ê k` oabbc `drcwwc"¨ Ab ¸ ` ocwanb dc yasw zasr ¨ iastrc k ecrdc ¸ 8 zkswpsc ds i`kat ragh `bd rakk+ encsv ps„sb orsnt dcoattcw… k„`zzîtnt dcw ìièîw+ k` f`nbc dcw l`kasv+ k`

f`rmbc dcw fsenknîw+ k` irswtr`tnab dcw g`wtrîw" ¨ Mafaec ¸ k„fîrnt`mc èîrng`nb+ ¨ ràswtc ¸ k„fîrnt`mcwaynîtnpsc ! G`b`rd ! k„`nmkc Ct`tw%Sbncb" Wasrdnbc ! kcwgfŗsrw dc k„@reîc rasmc" Yangn kcw ¨ iasw dc Dncs ¸ ctkcsr ¨ Dncs cwt mr`bd ¸ &g„cwt kcsr ¨ ganb%ganb ¸ ê csv+kcsr ragh `bd rakk dc Ecezfnw+ kcsr y`kwc dc Yncbbc+

kcsr wèo` dc _na+ kcsr M`~ Zrndc dc%gn dc%kê+ ct kcsrwEawpsîcw wabt sb zcs kcsrw Iakncw Ocrmærcw+ aþ nkwgîkæorcbt kcsr Ockkc Czapsc ct kcsrw @bbîcw iakkcw. !Yasw ìtcw ngn dcw rcb`rdw d`bw kc zask`nkkcr+ gf`rmîw dcwtneskcr kcw gapw ir`bí`nw+ psn z`wwcbt traz dc tcezw êwc zrîk`wwcr cb kasgf`bt wsr kc gsk dc oaoabbc 8 yasw

w`yc|… k` y`wc dc k` Ir`bgc psn wc zrcbd zasr w` tcrrc



?=?

icrtnkc0:6+ kcw zntrcw zîd`btw psn zrîtcbdcbt w`sycrk„Csrazc dcw gnrgabgnw ct dc kcsr rcknmnab cb yaenww`bt

kcsr r`gnwec dc o`wc+ `karw ps„nkw bc wabt eìec z`wg`zòkcw d„`rmsecbtcr gabtrc k` gnrgabgnwnab zasr kòastcr farw dc Ir`bgc ‗ z`rgc ps„nkw abt eìec zcsr dcí`+ d„òardcr gc wslct w`bw trceokcr ‗ &nkw zcbwcbtbî`beanbw ìtrc zksw dnmbcw dc k` Ir`bgc psc kcwyakcsrw dc zrîzsgcw.0:> 8 `karw `ttcbtnab+ gf`sd dcy`bt+

0:6 K` Ir`bgc ikcsrc oab k` zr`nrnc+ e`nw wn yasw yasw `zzragfc|+yasw wcbtnrc| k„adcsr y`wcswc ds r`gnwec wasw%l`gcbt" Z`r%dcwwsw+ab ` zskyîrnwî ds isencr zasr icrtnknwcr k` Ir`bgc < yasw" &Í` kci`nt encsv psc k` incbtc dc gap".0:> Psckkc gabwndîr`tnab `yanr zasr dcw nbdnyndsw psn eîzrnwcbt kcwyngtnecw dcw gnrgabgnwcsrw &gc psc kcw gnrgabgnwcsrw abt i`nt dc

kcsrw zrancw. w`bw îzrasycr k` eanbdrc `bneawntî cbycrw kcwgnrgabgnwcsrw 1 gcsv psn eîzrnwcbt gc psc wabt kcw cbi`btw w`bw`ggòkcr kcw mîbntcsrw+ gcsv psn `tt`pscbt kcw neenmrîw dîesbnw ctdîwcez`rîw zkstôt psc kcw arm`bnw`tnabw neenmr`tnabbnwtcw `reîcwct kcw z`wwcsrw eìncsv"Ps`bd kcw b`tnab`knwtcw zrîtcbdcbt k`ycr k` Ir`bgc dc wab@nkkcsrw+ nkw dcyr`ncbt gaeecbgcr z`r w„aggszcr dc gc psc kÌr`bgc ect o`w gaeec dîoardc k„c`s d„sb îmast cbmarmî" Cb

dcwgcbd`bt d`bw kc Wsd+ nkw trasycrabt sbc rîzsmb`btc zrnentnyconcb dc gfc| csv+ e`nw dîlê zksw orab|îc psc trngakarc+ psn rng`bcdc i`nrc w`yanr ê w` gakkæmsc b`yrîc psc wcw dcsv ¨ yabt wc i`nrcr`ggasrgnr kc oèoas ¸" ¨ Kcw zôôôyrcw" ¸ Yankê tast gc psc kcwoabbcw ïecw gf`rntòkcw dc Ir`bgc w`ycbt dnrc zasr dîzkarcr k`gnrgabgnwnab rntsckkc `ycg k`psckkc kcw o`ro`rcw zasrrnwwcbt kceabdc" Ab dcyr` wc gabwakcr `ycg í` < w`yanr psc gcrt`nbcw

zcrwabbcw abt `wwc| dc wcbwnonkntî zasr dîzkarcr k` zr`tnpsc dc k`gnrgabgnwnab+ wsrtast nbi`btnkc"



?=7

g„cwt k` basyckkc _îwnwt`bgc ir`bí`nwc d`bw wcw ŗsyrcw !¨ Ab ¸ ` dîlê oncb tr`bwiareî kcw Ir`bí`nw cb dîycr%

w`bt wsr kcsr tìtc dcw o`tc`sv%gntcrbcw dc wîrncwtîkîynwîcw èîrng`nbcw 8 e`nw wn k` eantnî d„cbtrc csvabt îtî tr`bwiareîw cb gabiarecw gszndcw cbyncsv+`yndcw dc gknps`bt ct zrìtw ê oasiicr ds r`t d„îmastzasr ornkkcr `sv ~csv dcw wszcringnckw ct dcw i`katw+kcw `strcw abt îtî tr`bwiareîw cb fat%damw wcgas`btk` tìtc d`bw tasw kcw wcbw zasr bc z`w `y`kcr k„fsnkc dcianc dc earsc ps„cbtcbdcbt kcsr i`nrc nbmsrmntcr kcwZærcw Iasctt`rdw dcw zcszkcw nbi`btnkcw" Gc psc ¨ ab ¸ycst+ gc wabt dcw t`src`sv dc garrnd`+ dcw gfcy`sv dcradîa+ dcw kîyrncrw dc gasrwc" @ycg yasw+ ab y` kcsri`nrc oasiicr ds r`t+ ds gf`g`k+ ds g`bgrck`t 8 yaswìtcw ngn zasr sbc wcskc r`nwab < zasr w`tnwi`nrc kcw

ocwanbw dcw ìi`nrcw ct dc k` inb`bgc 8 z`rgc psc gc psnrîmnt kc eabdc cwt zksw psc lè`nw+ ct zrcwpsctat`kcecbt+ `s eîzrnw dc tastc `strc gabwndîr`tnab < kcgaeecrgc ct k` inb`bgc" Ct nkw `necrabt í`+ `swwnwørcecbt psc ps`bd yasw dabbc| dc k` ecrdc êoasiicr ê dcw mcbw psc yasw `yc| zrî`kòkcecbt

ìièîw+ nkw trasycbt oabbc k` ecrdc" @nbwn eìec+ps`bd yasw zkabmc| kcw mcbw d`bw k„nbgsktsrc tat`kc ctpsc yasw kcw dîbsdc| ct kcw dîw`rec| i`gc ê k„cvnw%tcbgc+ nkw wc ecttcbt ê trasycr `denròkc k` gsktsrcrcknmncswc dcw `rrnîrîw zraycb`bt dc z`~w garraezsw+psn bc yancbt `sgsbc `strc îgf`zz`tanrc ê k` zasrrntsrc

èon`btc psn kcw îtasiic psc dc wc rîismncr d`bw kcw



?=4

tîbîorcw `knîb`btcw dcw rcknmnabw onoknpscw+ ps„nkwzrcbbcbt `karw zasr dcw ksenærcw 8 `nbwn eìec psc kcw

faeecw e`rnîw yabt gfcrgfcr ds encsv wcvsck gfc|kcw zrawtntsîcw dc rsc" Ct g„cwt `karw z`r `ynabwcbtncrw psc kcw Aggndcbt`sv yabt gfcrgfcr gfc| kcwzrnentniw ct kcw wasw%dîyckazzîw sb wcbw ê kcsr ync+ dcww~eoakcw+ dcw rntcw ‗ dc z`ww`mc ‗+ dcw t`tas`mcw ctdcw mrnw%mrnw00:"Nk i`st yr`necbt psc k` Ir`bgc want taeoîc o`w &asps„ckkc bc want z`w taeoîc dc f`st. zasr psc kcwIr`bí`nw dc o`wwc%gasr cb wancbt rîdsntw ê zrcbdrczasr eadækcw dcw E`mfrîonbw psn nentcbt kcw @ira%èîrng`nbw m`bmwtîrnwîw" Psck znta~òkc wzcgt`gkc nkwdabbcbt+ kcw eastabw dîgk`wwîw psn nentcbt kcwdcwgcbd`btw dc gakabnwîw psn nentcbt kcw dcwgcbd`btw

d„cwgk`ycw" Ct ê wcw inkkcw+ k` Ir`bgc bc dabbc z`w zasreadækcw wcw o`kkcrnbcw kòarncswcw ct dnwgnzknbîcw+ `srîmnec zcre`bcbt ct ê k` wasiir`bgc wnkcbgncswc&cbinb ! bc dabbc zksw+ kcw `bbîcw 3: wabt rîyakscw."Ckkc dabbc cb cvcezkc kcw @eîrng`nbcw onm`rrîcw+ psnor`nkkcbt cb wcgas`bt kcsr gckkskntnpsc gagatncr+ ê k`

eadc @irng`nbc 8 ps`bd gc b„cwt z`w ¨ K` yîrntî+ eèærc+ wn lc ecbw lc y`nw cb cbicr ! ¸&Z`syrcw zctntw Ir`b|aswcw o`wnpscw" Dc psan wcbasrrnr`ncbt%nkw w`bw zradsgtcsrw èîrng`nbw 1 Nkw

00: E`nw kcw Aggndcbt`sv iabt gck` `ycg zksw d„nbtckknmcbgc… nkw

z`ncbt ct iabt z`~cr zasr zr`tnpscr sb w`st ê k„îk`wtnpsc psc dcwzrnentniw rî`knwcbt w`bw oasrwc dîkncr…



?=3

græycr`ncbt gsktsrckkcecbt dc i`ne ! Csv psn wczk`nwcbt ê nentcr kcw @eîrng`nbw cb o`r`masnb`bt dc

k„`bmk`nw zksw as eanbw ir`bgnwî zasr bc z`w wceokcrìtrc dcw zîpscbatw rnbm`rdw 8 zasr bc z`w rcwwceokcr`sv ~csv dc k„@eîrnpsc ê gc psc wabt kcw @ròa%e`mfrîonbw `sv ~csv dc k„Csrazc000" E`nw nkw zasiicbttr`bpsnkkcecbt+ kcw lcsbcw @eîrng`nbw dc k` mr`bdcynkkc+ ps`bd nkw yancbt kcw nent`tnabw Ir`bga%e`mfrîon%bcw dcw @ira%èîrng`nbw < ¨ Izi ! Ircbgf m`bm… ¸ Nkwabt k„`nr dc yanr z`r`dcr Enghc~ Easwc &as zkstôtEnghc~ _`t." Kcw nwkènwtcw+ í` kcw èswc eanbw+ e`nwgc b„cwt z`w ir`bí`nw+ í`".Baeorcsv abt dîlê `ttr`zî k` m`kc+ ct k` m`kc+ g„cwttræw gabt`mncsv 8 kcw Gra%E`mbabw rcwwartcbt e`wwnyc%ecbt dcw g`ycrbcw zasr gfcrgfcr dcw zasv ct i`nrc

dcw gabgasrw dc ¨ psn znwwc kc zksw kanb ¸+ cb ycrwnabmraw gabw < psn ` kc z`bt`kab kc eanbw eask`bt+ psn ` kcocresd` kc zksw kabm &eadc dcw zsrnt`nbw èîrng`nbw cte`mfrîonbw.+ psn ` kc wasw%yìtcecbt kc zksw gasyr`bt &êk` eadc e`mfrîonbc ct aggndcbt`kc dcw `bbîcw 3:%9:.00?+ psn ` k` gfcycksrc k` zksw gasrtc &r`wîc+ g„cwt

000 ¨ Kcw asyrncrw ir`bí`nw wabt dcw `ròcw gaeec kcw `strcw ¸Z`rs d`bw Kc Zk`b O bº:0+ e`rw%`yrnk ?::9¨ Karr`nbw+ @kw`gncbw+ nkw tr`y`nkkcbt z`r dn|`nbcw dc enkkncrw d`bwkcw z`~w irabt`kncrw gaeec asyrncrw ct cezka~îw" Ê kcsr tasr+ gcwIr`bí`nw dcycbsw ¨ neenmrîw ¸ wsonwwcbt dcw dnwgrnenb`tnabw" ¸fttz<}}}"kczk`bo"armKcw%asyrncrw%ir`bg`nw%wabt%dcw+667"ftek00?

Kc wknz ct wab îpsny`kcbt dc o`nb zksw as eanbw ciinkî wabtz`wwîw dc eadc 8 g„cwt dîware`nw sb wasw%yìtcecbt dc zîdî" Kcw

http://www.leplanb.org/Les-ouvriers-francais-sont-des,883.html



?=9

k„ndî`k dc bîa%Gra%e`mbab+ psn wc dîwakc dc bc zasyanr`kkcr zksw kanb d`bw k` dîeabwtr`tnab dc ynrnkntî g`znk%

k`nrc.+ psn ` dc k` o`roc ct dc k` easwt`gfc+ psn ` dsongczw+ ct psn ` k` e`rpsc trno`kc dcw mscrrncrw… Kcwiceckkcw abt kcw gabgasrw dc Enww+ dc d`bwc ct dcgf`bt+ kcw eïkcw abt kcw gabgasrw dc mabikcttc+ dco`wtab ct dc z`r`dc trno`kc 8 kcw sbcw `ycg kcw ~csv `se`psnkk`mc ¨ mnrk~ ¸+ kcw `strcw `s rcm`rd e`sy`nw" Yaswya~c| dabg dîinkcr tastc sbc z`bazknc dc znbmasnbw psngrancbt `yanr kcw or`w kabmw z`rgc ps„nkw wsnycbt tast sbtraszc`s dc mraw gabw wsny`bt cb inkc nbdncbbc kcwe`âtrcw ds eabdc" Nkw wc z`y`bcbt+ kc tarwc oaeoî+`ycg sb t`tas`mc trno`k wsr kc or`w+ gaeec d„`strcwcvfnocbt kcsr ontc estnkîc+ zasr wnmbnincr `sv zctntcwiceckkcw r`wwsrîcw ct `sv zctntw eïkcw `denr`tniw <

wa~c| nezrcwwnabbîw+ lc wsnw sb mscrrncr Eàrn+ sb Argdc lcs yndîa007 8 cbtcbdc| gc psc lc dnw dc e` yanvnezîbîtròkc ct tîbîorcswc &lc wsnw sb faeec+ ean+ sbyr`n+ nezîbîtròkc. < ¨ ]as`f }as`f }as`f }as`f+oaaaassssf+ oaaaassssf+ okacsf%`csf okacsf%`csf

faeecw+ kcw yr`nw+ zartcbt dcw ¨ oavcrw ¸ ct `strc ¨ wfart~ ¸+wasw%yìtcecbtw eask`btw dcw zîdîw psn wabt dcycbsw kcw wasw%yìtcecbtw dc rîiîrcbgc dcw faeecw+ dcw yr`nw" Zasr w`yanr `ycgpsckw wasw%yìtcecbtw kcw faeecw wc zrcbdrabt dce`nb zasr dcwfaeecw+ dcw yr`nw+ nk wsiint dc rcm`rdcr gc psc zartcbt `slasr%d„fsn kcw zîdîw"007 Lc ec wsnw cbdsrgn cb cbdsr`bt kc rntc ds t`tas`mc 8 psn cwt `swwn

‗ zcs ‗ daskasrcsv psc k„îznk`tnab ê k` gnrc as ê k„îznk`tcsr dcwiceecw"



?==

okacsf%`csf+ eeeasrrrf```f+ asfk`f asfk`f asfk`fasfk`f+ okcskcsfkcsfkcsfkcsfkcsf ! ¸ Gc bc wabt z`w

dcw gka}bw+ csv+ `ttcbtnab ! Bn dcw gka}bw trnwtcw bndcw gka}bw rncsrw" Ya~c| zkstôt cb csv dcw gka}bw z`we`rr`btw 8 z`rgc ps„nkw wc zrcbbcbt traz `s wîrncsv"Yasw ya~c| d`bw psck ît`t wc trasyc k` b`tnabir`bí`nwc 1 B„asoknc| dabg z`w k` gsktsrc dc gfc| yasw&ab yasw ~ `ndcr`.+ g`r ckkc yasw wcrynr` dc zksw cb zkswwasycbt ngn &d`bw k` Ir`bgc èîrng`bnwîc psn rcwwce%okcr` oncbtôt cbtnærcecbt ê k` ynkkc o`ztnwîc ¨ kc gsk dck` Ir`bgc ¸. 8 gc psn yasw zcrecttr` dc eabtcr wsr kcwIr`bí`nw psn bc dîm`nbcrabt z`w ê tcezw" Inb`kcecbt+ab yasw dnr` < ¨ B„asoknc| z`w kc gcbtrc" ¸Yasw bc k„asokncrc| z`w 8 í` g„cwt wør+ yasw bc k„asoknc%rc| z`w… gct nmbaokc cbdrant icstrî aþ yasw zasrrnc|

wsonr kc f`rgækcecbt ear`k+ kcw ecb`gcw+ k„nbtnend`tnab+k` eapscrnc+ k„fsenkn`tnab+ k` dniiè`tnab+ k„`ttcnbtc ê k`ync zrnyîc+ k` zraz`m`tnab dc rsecsr+ kc yak dc yawìi`nrcw+ k` dcwtrsgtnab as kc wòat`mc dc yatrcyîfngskc… wsrtast ps`bd kc eìnawa dc wcryngc dc k`wcwwnab wsny`btc yasw cbycrr` sbc o`kkc d`bw k` tìtc+

dc e`bnærc nb`sdnokc+ d`bw w` tìtc+ t`bdnw ps„ê ynbmteætrcw dc yasw nk wcr` cb tr`nb dc inkecr kc oïtnecbtdcy`bt kcpsck yasw z`wwcrc|+ g`r gc ps„sb dc wcw tas%tasw `sr` `lastî+ yasw k„`src| z`ri`ntcecbt cbtcbds <¨ Ynwc oncb" ¸



?=6

Gc psc yasw `zzrcbdrc| ct psc yasw b„asokncrc| lè`nw+wn yasw bc kc w`yc| z`w dîlê+ g„cwt ps„nk ~ ` kcw kanw

îgrntcw ct kcw kanw bab îgrntcw 8 dcw kanw zasr kcwdaenbîw ct dcw kanw zasr kcw daenb`btw"Wc e`rncr ct i`nrc dcw cbi`btw b„cwt z`w sbc aoknm`tnabkîm`kc+ e`nw kcw gabb`rdw+ kcw zrnentniw ct `strcweìncsv ycnkkcbt ê cb i`nrc sbc kan psn dant w„nezawcr êtast kc eabdc+ ê psn nkw dngtcbt nbwndncswcecbt kcsr kan+wn ocwanb `ycg f`rgækcecbt < ¨ T„cw z`w sb faeec wnt„cw z`w e`rnî+ wn t„`w z`w d„cbi`btw 8 t„cw sb zîdî+ t„cwsb zîda ¸+ ¨ sb faeec g„cwt XgcgnU ¸+ ¨ sb faeecg„cwt XgckÙ ¸ 8 yankê sb cvcezkc dc kan bab îgrntc004" CbIr`bgc+ dabbcr ê wcw zramîbntsrcw sb zrîbae ¨ ir`b%í`nw ¸ &fîor`ápsc ir`bgnwî as rîmnab`k. cwt sbc `strckan bab îgrntc psc kcw Ir`bí`nw wabt nbg`zòkcw dc i`nrc

`zzknpscr" Nk cwt batanrc ps„cb zrnwab kcw g`ádw iabt k`kan+ gaeec d`bw ps`btntî d„cbdrantw 8 `ycg k„`wwcbtn%ecbt dcw `starntîw aiingnckkcw+ psn dîkæmscbt yakab%tncrw" Dc eìec+ kcw nbtîmrnwtcw ‗ lsniw as eswske`bw ‗iabt rîmbcr kcsr kan d`bw gcrt`nbw ps`rtncrw" Cb i`nt+

004 Kcw gabb`rdw ir`bí`nw nrabnwcbt wsr kcw gabb`rdw `ròa%e`mfrî%onbw ct kcsrw eŗsrw knocrtngndcw+ batèecbt wcvsckkcw+ psn nezawcbtkc e`rn`mc cb `kk`bt lswps„ê k„arm`bnwcr" E`nw g„cwt gc psc iabt kcwgabb`rdw ir`bí`nw < nezawcr kc e`rn`mc+ z`r kc f`rgækcecbt+ cb las`bt eìec kcw cbtrcecttcsrw zasr k„arm`bnwcr" Ct d„sb gôtîgaeec dc k„`strc dc k` Eîdntcrr`bîc+ kcw iceecw wc gabgcrtcbtcbtrc ckkcw zasr w`yanr wn tck faeec cwt sb oab z`rtn zasr k„sbc

d„ckkcw+ w„nk zcrecttr` ê k` iceec bc wc zrîk`wwcr ê kabmscsr dc lasrbîc+ cbtrc cezkcttcw ct g`bg`bw dc w`kab"



?=>

d`bw tasw kcw mraszcw d„`bne`sv fse`nbw+ nk ~ ` tas% lasrw gcsv psn wc zawcbt cb ecbcsrw+ cb z`trn`rgfcw+

cb zctntw gfciw+ ct psn cbtcbdcbt nezawcr kcsr i`íabdc yanr ct kcsr gabgcztnab dc k` ync cb wagnîtî" Z`rtastnk ~ ` sb t~zc psn wc k` lasc z`rr`nb nt`kncb as garwc+z`trn`rgfc zraycbí`k as g`ád e`mfrîonb" Z`rtast nk ~ `sb t~zc psn i`nt sbc inv`tnab wsr gcksn psn îgf`zzc êwab cezrnwc+ ct ps„nk wc ect ê wsrycnkkcr+ cwznabbcr+ cbcbya~`bt wcw gfncbw cbpsìtcr ê wab wslct+ z`rgc psck„îkcgtrab knorc cwt ê wab gcryc`s rcztnkncb sb wtneskswpsn wc dnwtnbmsc dcw wasenw ps„nk ` enw ê wcw zncdw+ ctpsn wc tncbbcbt neeaonkcw+ bc wc e`bnicwt`bt psc wsrardrc as `ggard dc gct `bne`k dc lsbmkc+ dc gc eïkcdaenb`bt 8 d`bw sb ynkk`mc+ d`bw sbc îgakc+ d`bw sbccbtrczrnwc+ z`rtast nk ~ ` sb t~zc psn ycst `yanr drant

dc ync ct dc eart wsr kcw `strcw+ ct psn bc ycst z`wcbtcbdrc sbc easgfc yakcr ps`bd ksn z`rkc+ bc ycst z`wyanr psckps„sb wartnr dc tòkc `y`bt psc ksn bc wc kæycdc tòkc &z`rgc psc g„cwt `nbwn psc gcw nbdnyndsw abtîtî îkcyîw." D`bw kc eabdc+ nk ~ ` sb mraszc ctfbnga%rcknmncsv psn zrîtcbd lascr gc rôkc cb eabt`bt tasw kcw

gabw+ kcw zstcw ct kcw oìtcw gabtrc psngabpsc w„azzawcê csv+ bc wc wasect z`w ê csv+ bc wc zknc z`w ê kcsrwps`trc yakabtîw < kcw Lsdîa%i`wgnwtcw 8 wsnyn dcwGfrnwtn`ba%i`wgnwtcw ‗ cb k„aggsrrcbgc èîrng`nbw as`bmka%èîrng`nbw+ wsny`bt z`r psck tras dc karmbcttc abrcm`rdc k„Fnwtanrc ‗+ t`kabbîw z`r kcw Nwkèa%i`wgnwtcw"

Nkw wabt gr`nbtw ct zsnww`btw gaeec g`zòkcw dc daen%



?6:

bcr dcw zazsk`tnabw cbtnærcw cb gabtrôk`bt kcsrw gfciw+e`nw sbnpscecbt z`rgc ps„nkw w„`tt`pscbt cb o`bdc ê

gf`psc zcrwabbc nwakîc psn awc kcsr tcbnr tìtc" Wn kcwIr`bí`nw dîicbd`ncbt cb e`wwc+ `ycg tasw kcw ea~cbwds enknt`btnwec ct dc k` mscrrc+ sb zakntnpsc psn awcr`ntw„azzawcr `sv ps`trc yakabtîw dcw Lsdîa%i`wgnwtcw+ kènbarntî psc gabwtntsc kc 0# dcw 0# wcr`nt enwc ê e`kas bcstr`knwîc" E`nw nk wc z`wwc gc psn wc z`wwc d`bwgf`psc mraszc < kcw eceorcw d„sb mraszc wabt nbg`z`%okcw dc w„arm`bnwcr dc e`bnærc dîeagr`tnpsc ct rîzs%okng`nbc 8 nkw wc gabtcbtcbt dc zrcbdrc z`rtnc ds lcsbceïkc psn cwt g`zòkc dc zrcbdrc k` zk`gc ds yncsv eïkcdaenb`bt+ cb rcmrctt`bt îycbtsckkcecbt kc tcezwzrnentni aþ wcskw kcw gfciw wc o`tt`ncbt wsr k` zk`gczsoknpsc+ kc y`nbpscsr cezart`bt k` wasenwwnab dc tasw

w`bw `strc ciiswnab dc w`bm+ ps`bd `slasrd„fsn gc wabtkcw gnynkw psn taeocbt ê k` zckkc+ kcw wakd`tw dcw z`~wkcw zksw dîyckazzîw ît`bt rck`tnycecbt zcs tasgfîw+kcw gfciw d„Ct`t rnwps`bt ê zcnbc kcsr zawtc+ ct kcwe`âtrcw ds eabdc psn inb`bgcbt kcw mscrrcw+ csvgaeztcbt kcsrw zraintw+ oncb ê k„òrn"

Nk cwt dc k` lswtngc gaeec dc k` yîrntî < gcrt`nbw wczrcbbcbt w`bw wasrgnkkcr zasr kcw ‗ sbnpscw+ ynrnkw+baokcw+ yanrc dnynbw ‗ dîtcbtcsrw kîmntnecw dc K` lswtngc ct dc K` yîrntî+ e`nw k` lswtngc ct k` yîrntî ‗¨ dnynbcw ¸ ‗+ g„cwt gaeec kcw zîdîw < í` wc zraz`mc`ycg k` wadaenc 8 z`r kcw cbgskîw cbgskcsrw" Nk b„~ ` rncb

d„sbnpsc cb gc eabdc+ nk b„~ ` psc dcw gkabcw+ dcw



?60

gazncw+ dcw nent`tnabw+ dcw rczradsgtnabw" Nk b„~ ` bnyîrntî sbc ct nbdnynwnokc+ bn lswtngc `ttntrîc" Nk ~ `

`st`bt dc lswtngcw ct dc yîrntîw ps„nk ~ ` dc i`nwcsrw dckanw ct dc lsmcw+ dc tscsrw ê m`mcw ct dc oasrrc`sv 8ct nkw wabt z`rtast"Wn tasw gcsv psn wsonwwcbt kcw kanw aiingncswcw ‗ zksw aseanbw zrnentnycw+ trno`kcw+ eìncswcw ‗ zart`ncbtzk`nbtc ‗ zasr f`rgækcecbt+ ecb`gc+ gf`bt`mc+ nbtn%end`tnab+ `mrcwwnab ‗+ cb dîbabí`bt gcsv &gabb`rdw+`zzrcbtnw eìnawn+ zwcsda ycrtscsv dnwgnzkcw cvcezk`n%rcw dcw rcknmnabw daenb`btcw. psn gaeecttcbt kc dîkntd„swsrz`tnab dc tntrc ct dc iabgtnabw dc zakngncr+ dc lsmc+ dc kîmnwk`tcsr+ kcw lsmcw aiingnckw &gcsv dc kèìn` daenb`btc. z`wwcr`ncbt kcsr tcezw ê i`nrc gcpsc iabt kcw m~bîgakamscw < rè`wwcr dcw gfèznmbabw

‗ f`kksgnbamæbcw ‗ 8 tastc k` lasrbîc+ nkw rcecttr`ncbt êkcsr zk`gc dcw oaswcw dc y`gfc psn wc zrcbbcbt zasr dcmr`bdw faeecw ‗ ct psn yasw icrabt f`kksgnbcr ‗"¨ Bsk b„cwt gcbwî nmbarcr k` kan ¸+ dnt k` kan îgrntc aiin%gnckkc+ eîdn`tnwîc" Zasr gc psn cwt dcw kanw bab îgrntcw+gcttc kan îgrntc y`st oncb d`y`bt`mc+ g`r k„Ct`t wc

dîgf`rmc dc oncb dcw rcwzabwònkntîw wsr kc daw dctasw gcsv+ baeorcsv+ psn `necbt lascr kcw zctntwgfciw+ ct psn+ cb msnwc dc rîtrnostnab+ wc gabtcbtcbt dswcbtnecbt dc zasyanr ct dc zsnww`bgc &ct dc psckpscw`y`bt`mcw cb b`tsrc+ zksw as eanbw gabwîpscbtw. 8 g`rg„cwt sb zcs as oc`sgasz mrïgc ê csv &gaeec `sv

nbbaeoròkcw `wwagn`tnabw wsoycb`bt `sv ocwanbw



?6?

zrne`nrcw+ as cbgarc `sv aiingnbcw gaeesb`st`nrcwdatîcw d„sb zasyanr dc zakngc zakntnpsc. ps„sb masycr%

bcecbt zcst zrîtcbdrc mîrcr sb z`~w+ wan%dnw`bt mrïgcê w` masycrb`bgc dîeagr`tnpsc ct rîzsokng nbc &g„cwt%ê%dnrc `ycg k„`wwcbtnecbt dc k` e`larntî+ zksw as eanbwiargîc cb wasw%e`nb. 8 ct `swwn mrïgc ê dcw i`kwning`%tnabw+ dcw e`bnzsk`tnabw+ dcw dnwwnesk`tnabw dc i`ntw ctd„nbiare`tnabw+ gaeec d`bw tast rîmnec tat`knt`nrc ctaowgsr`btnwtc" G`r nk cwt îyndcbt ps„`sgsbc zakngc bn`reîc bc zasrr`nt tcbnr tìtc ê sbc zazsk`tnab rîyaktîcgaeec ckkc k„cwt gabtnbsckkcecbt+ zasr sb asn as zasrsb bab+ wn k` zakngc ct k„`reîc ît`ncbt kcw wcskcw iargcwdc k„ardrc `gtnycw"Gaeecbt cvzknpscr gct ît`t dc i`nt 1 D„sbc e`bnærcwnezkc e`nw yntc asoknîc+ ba~îc d`bw kcw gnrgabyakstnabw

rfîtarnpscw dcw orasnkkcsrw dc znwtc+ dcw ba~csrw dczanwwab+ dcw gnrgabgnwcsrw dc m`ríabw" I`gc `svrcwwasrgcw b`tsrckkcw ynt`kcw+ nk b„~ ` psc dcsv aztnabwdc ync zawwnokc < k` gaezîtntnab as k` waknd`rntî 8 îknen%bcr kcw rny`sv as z`rt`mcr" Ab zcst i`nrc dc k„cwzrnt cbnbtradsnw`bt dc k` bs`bgc+ cb f~ornd`bt gcw dcsv

aztnabw+ e`nw tôt as t`rd wc zawc kc gfanv psn dîinbnt kcrîmnec zakntnpsc+ kc eadækc dc wagnîtî" D`bw sbcwagnîtî zkstôt rîmnc z`r kc zrnbgnzc dc waknd`rntî+gaeec cb Ir`bgc+ psngabpsc wc dnwtnbmsc dcw `strcwz`wwc zasr gcksn psn ycst ìtrc `s%dcwwsw dcw `strcw+gcksn psn raezt kc z`gtc gaeesb`st`nrc &zrcwpsc

gaeesbnwtc. dc waknd`rntî ‗ rîzsokng`nbc fse`bnwtc as



?67

eìncswc ‗" D`bw sbc wagnîtî zkstôt rîmnc z`r k`gaezîtntnab+ gaeec `sv Ct`tw%Sbnw+ psngabpsc wc dnw%

tnbmsc z`wwc zasr sb rny`k ‗ dc oabbc mscrrc ‗" Zasr kcwcwzrntw zrnentniw+ ìtrc dniiîrcbt bc wnmbninc z`w wartnrds mraszc zasr gfcrgfcr d„`strcw yanv dc wsrync psckcw gfanv garbîkncbw psn w„aiircbt yngncswcecbt êk„fse`bntî+ gck` wnmbninc bc zksw wc wasecttrc+ ct dabgdcycbnr sb `strc+ sb îtr`bmcr+ sb nbtrsw+ sb radcsr+ sbzrîd`tcsr+ sbc ecb`gc &sb cwzrnt wnbmsknærcecbt arn%mnb`k as ornkk`bt zcrtsroc+ ciir`nc ct rcbd l`kasv cbwswgnt`bt k` e`kycnkk`bgc ct k` f`nbc+ oncb d`y`bt`mcps„nk bc rîlasnt cb dabb`bt ê ~ yanr sb cwzanr dc wartnrk„fse`bntî dc w` gabdntnab+ d`bw k`psckkc wc gaezk`nwcbtk` e`wwc dcw rczradsgtcsrw+ dcw bat`nrcw ct dcwi`t`knwtcw." Kcw neenmrîw psn wc esktnzkncbt dcsv ianw

zksw psc kcw `stagftabcw z`wwcbt zasr dcw bsnwnokcw psnycskcbt e`bmcr sbc z`rt ds mïtc`s dcsv ianw zkswmrawwc psc k` ea~cbbc b`tnab`kc" Kcw îtr`bmcrw ornwcbtk„îpsnknorc psc wabt îycbtsckkcecbt z`rycbsw ê nbwt`s%rcr kcw b`tnabw" Z`rianw k„îpsnknorc cwt zramrcwwnycecbtrîtòkn+ z`rianw k„îpsnknorc cwt nrrîeîdnòkcecbt rae%

zs" D„`zræw yasw+ psck rôkc cbtcbdcbt yasw i`nrc lascrgcsv psn yasw iabt e`wwnycecbt dîo`rpscr cb Ir`bgc 1Kc rôkc dcw w`sycsrw dc k` Ir`bgc as gcksn dcw dcwtrsg%tcsrw+ kc rôkc dcw wtònknw`tcsrw as gcksn dcw zcrtsr%o`tcsrw 1 Zasr sb baeorc granww`bt dc Ir`bí`nw+ yaswìtcw tast oabbcecbt sbc îznbc d`bw kcsr zncd+ ct nkw



?64

b„abt zksw ps„sbc wcskc cbync < yasw cvtnrzcr dc kÌr`bgc ‗ zasr zasyanr `y`bgcr ‗"

@ dîi`st dc rîzabwc aiingnckkc inòkc as `yasòkc ê gcwnbtcrram`tnabw+ basw `kkabw yasw nbgskpscr psckpscw kanwaiingnckkcw mîbîr`kcw+ dc zrnbgnzc" Nk yasw rcyncbdr` dcdîgckcr psckkcw kanw kag`kcw cb ynmscsr rîmnwwcbt cbdît`nk tasw kcw nbwt`btw dc k` ync psatndncbbc" Gc b„cwtz`w oncb gaezknpsî < wsnyc| kc traszc`s" I`ntcw gc psciabt k` zksz`rt dcw mcbw < wc gabiarecr `sv i`íabwzrîzabdîr`btcw dc i`nrc+ d„ìtrc+ dc zcbwcr+ dc z`rkcr‗ gabtrôkîc z`r k„`bne`k dc tìtc+ k` iartc tìtc as k`mrawwc tìtc ‗" D`bw kc enkncs ds tr`y`nk+ yasw `daztc| kcr~tfec dc tr`y`nk nezawî < i`ntcw bn zksw bn eanbw &cbaowcry`bt dc psckkc i`íab gcrt`nbw bayngcw `zzknpscbtê k` kcttrc k` kcíab psc kcsr ` nbgskpsîc sb `âbî+ yasw

zasrrc| yasw èswcr dc kcw yanr `ttcbdrc psc kcw`strcw gaeecbgcbt ê tr`y`nkkcr zasr cb i`nrc `st`bt+`ttcbdrc psc kcw `strcw zrcbbcbt sbc z`swc zasr cbi`nrc `st`bt+ `ttcbdrc psc `strcw dce`bdcbt sbc`smecbt`tnab zasr cb i`nrc `st`bt." Tasw z`rcnkw"Gaszcr kcw tìtcw psn dîz`wwcbt" Yasw gabb`nwwc| k`

gf`bwab dcw eìncsv ct dcw eastabw003

8 g„cwt yatrcrcknmnab009"

003 Wn yasw i`ntcw eanbw+ g„cwt psc yasw ìtcw sb nbg`zòkc as sb tnrc%`s%ik`b" Wn yasw i`ntcw zksw+ g„cwt psc yasw ìtcw sb èontncsv psn ycst

eabtcr wsr kcw `strcw ct zrcbdrc k` zk`gc ps„nkw `ttcbdcbt cb kîgf`btdcw gskw as cb `ttcbd`bt dc zrcbdrc dc drant &wsr k` o`wc dc



?63

&Cbinb ! Gck` zcst%ìtrc sb zcs zksw gaezknpsî" Z`rcvcezkc wn yasw ìtcw ècbîw ê `ggaezknr sbc tïgfc psc

tasw kcw gcryc`sv zrnentniw abt rîwcryîc ê sb wcvc"@nbwn+ wn dsr`bt sbc enwwnab d„nbtîrne yasw ìtcw ècbîwê nbtîmrcr sbc îpsnzc cwwcbtnckkcecbt iîenbnbc &cbinb !iîenbnbc… eèe`nrc ct ysky`nrc 8 zasr bc z`w dnrcz`gf~dcrenpsc.+ kcw bîa%iîenbnwtcw fîtîrawcvsckkcw askcwoncbbcw yasw `ttcbdcbt `s tasrb`bt &gaeec ps`bd+wasw k„ciict dc k„cezrcwwcecbt+ sb g`rtab d„ceo`kk`mcwc dîgfnrcr` wasw yatrc e`nb cb ectt`bt sb nbdcv cbf~zcr%cvtcbwnab psn zrayapscr` sbc dîgfnrsrc d„sbtcbdab+ ckkcw rng`bcrabt gaeec dcw e`gfaw psn w„ès%wcbt dc k` ir`mnkntî d„sbc mab|cwwc+ z`rgc ps„cbtrc bîa%iîenbnwtcw psn ycskcbt zartcr k` gskattc ct psn wct`rmscbt ynrnkcecbt d„ìtrc ¨ `s%dcwwsw ¸ ds knt gabls%

m`k+ `ycg as w`bw rczasww`bt kcwon`bnwec faee`wwc+

k„`bgncbbctî+ `ycg as w`bw eîrntc. k` zk`gc d„sb eart+ d„sb rctr`ntîas d„sb kngcbgnî"Tast kc eabdc wsrycnkkc tast kc eabdc" Dc z`rt yatrc arnmnbce`kièîc+ `s eanbdrc îg`rt dc yatrc z`rt+ nk wsiinr` `s zctnt gfci

dc ecstc dc wabbcr k` gf`rmc gabtrc yasw zasr psc k` e`wwcwsnycswc wc dîgf`âbc ct wc dîiaskc yakabtncrw wsr yasw dc tasw kcw `zrnarn+ dc tastcw kcw irswtr`tnabw+ dc tastcw kcw r`bgacsrw+ dctastcw kcw l`kaswncw ps„ckkc ` `ggseskî cb ckkc"009 Gcksn psn ycst kcycr k` tìtc ct asyrnr w` mscskc+ wsrtast zasrornwcr k` kan ds wnkcbgc+ dant ìtrc zrìt ê i`nrc k` zc`s `sv tcb`btwds zasyanr+ z`rgc psc kcw eïkcw daenb`btw kïgfcrabt wsr ksn kcsrw

gfncbw dc m`rdc cb kc gasyr`bt dc dîtrntsw b`swîòabdw+ zasr cbi`nrc sb îzasy`bt`nk `sv ~csv dcw eastabw"



?69

ckkcw wc zrcbbcbt zasr dcw ecgw cb yasw zrcb`bt zasrdcw eanbw psc ecgw+ ct z`rgc psc yasw e`bnicwtcrc| k`

bîgcwwntî d„`kkcr ê k„nbinrecrnc 8 e`nw inb`kcecbt yasw`src| kc tart dc bc z`w dîgk`rcr sb `ggndcbt dc tr`y`nk‗ z`r dîznt+ z`w dîin &d`bw k` wîrnc ¨ eìec z`w e`k ¸.+z`rgc ps„nk ~ ` wsr yasw kc rcm`rd dc tasw gcsv psn yaswdnwcbt z`r`wntcw+ zraintcsrw+ wnesk`tcsrw+ mk`bdcsrw+nbiîrncsrw ‗+ wn oncb psc gc wcr` kc dîost d„sbc wîrnc dcokcwwsrcw i`t`kcw+ gf`gsbc dîgask`bt dc k` zrîgîdcbtc+gf`psc eceorc gaezcbw`bt z`r k„ciiart gc ps„sb `strcbc zasrr` zksw wszzartcr."Yasw ìtcw zraynwanrcecbt tcbs d„`ggaezknr kcw eìecwtïgfcw ps„ckkcw+ batèecbt z`rgc ps„nk cwt oab dcw`yanr gc psc iabt gcsv psn tr`y`nkkcbt `ycg yasw+ cbèabt ct cb `y`k 8 d`bw kcw knentcw dc yaw gaezîtcbgcw"

Yasw zrcbc| dabg eadækc wsr sbc Enwtnbmsctt dabtk„ciing`gntî cwt wn i`nokc psc gck` yasw y`sdr` kcwwasrnrcw gabdcwgcbd`btw dcw `bgncbbcw wsr psn yaswzrcbdrc| inb`kcecbt eadækc zasr kcw îm`kcr ‗ as kcwwsrz`wwcr ‗ cb zradsgtnyntî+ ct inb`kcecbt cb kîmntn%entî" Zcbd`bt kcw 06 eanw dc yatrc enwwnab+ k` zaszîc

b„`sr` lè`nw gcwwî dc wc ¨ zraecbcr ¸ d`bw sbc ne%zradsgtnyntî psc zcrwabbc bc ksn `sr` rczragfîc 8 ckkcpsn gfcrgf`nt ê wc e`rncr `ycg psngabpsc zasy`nt ksnzcrecttrc dc bc zksw tr`y`nkkcr ct d„ìtrc iceec `sia~cr &e`kmrî kc dîwcbgf`btcecbt psn k„`ttcbd`nt+ `svdnrcw dc wcw garcknmnabb`nrcw+ zasr psn sbc iceec `s



?6=

ia~cr b„` z`w dc tcezw zasr ckkc+ wsrtast `ycg dcwcbi`btw wsr kcw or`w."

Cbtrc tcezw+ yasw `src| îtî ìicgtî `s zawtc psn yaswît`nt rîwcryî+ sb ¨ oaskat dc ecg ¸ psc kcw iceecwb„`rrnycbt z`w ê i`nrc cb w„~ ectt`bt ê ps`trc &t`btckkcw z`wwcbt dc tcezw ê z`zatcr zksw ps„ê w„`gtnycr+ gcps„ab bc kc kcsr rczragfc z`w+ zsnwps„ab bc w„`ttcbd z`wê gc ps„ckkcw zsnwwcbt i`nrc gc ¨ tr`y`nk dc ecg ¸.+ kê aþyasw `src| inb`kcecbt èagfî yatrc rîmnab kaeo`nrc&cb i`nw`bt gc psc kcw iceecw i`nw`ncbt ê dcsv.+ dîgfn%rî dcw eswgkcw cb yasw gabdèb`bt ê sb tartngaknweswgsk`nrc gfrabnpsc+ ct wsrtast cb `~`bt mr`ycecbtòâeî kcw tcbdabw dcw or`w+ batèecbt z`rgc psc yasw`src| i`nt kc tr`y`nk dc dcsv &gc ps„ab bc yasw `sr` z`wdce`bdî+ ds rcwtc. 8 dcsv znbmasnbw psn rny`knwcbt zasr

ìtrc kcw i`yarnw dcw iceckkcw gfciw+ g`r wc tscr `str`y`nk cwt y`nb+ encsv y`st w`yanr bascr dcw ìinbntîwoncb g`kgskîcw zasr dsrcr cb oab ît`t+ as encsv+ zasri`nrc g`rrnærc as oîbîingncr d„sbc zk`bpsc" Yasw `src|gfcr z`~î yatrc yakabtî dc oncb i`nrc ct yatrc wasgn dcbc z`w `wwc| cb i`nrc 8 ps`bd ab bc tncbdr` z`w rnmscsr

ê gcsv psn `srabt dîinkî ê gc zawtc dcy`bt kcpsck nkw wcwcrabt dîinkîw ê g`swc dc w` rsdcwwc &cf asn+ g`rbnya%rcw ! nk i`st z`rianw wc z`bwcr ct wc o`bdcr zasr zas%yanr w„`ttckcr ê sb zawtc+ w`bw w„cvgswcr d„sb ¨ lc zcsvz`w+ bab+ lc zcsv z`w ¸ zasr îyntcr d„`yanr kcw e`nbwgaeec dcw zncdw dc o`kkcrnbc."



?66

Wn yasw `ync| dce`bdî+ ê k„`mcbgc d„nbtîrne+ sbc `strcenwwnab ds i`nt dc k` zrcenærc okcwwsrc+ ab `sr`nt dnt

psc yasw bc yaskc| z`w tr`y`nkkcr+ ¨ í` wc yant ¸+ z`rgcpsc k` okcwwsrc bc wc yant z`w" Kc lcsbc Banr+ psn bcyask`nt z`w zartcr dc gf`rmcw+ ct psn gaezt`nt wsr wcwwasrnrcw ct kc gaznb`mc zasr ìtrc îz`rmbî+ wc wcr` i`ntdîm`mcr yntc i`nt &k„swnbc+ gc b„cwt z`w kc gf`btncr aþ kctcezw wc zcrd d`bw kcw z`kòrcw+ k` eìkîc as k` dîwar%m`bnw`tnab+ g„cwt i`nt zasr kcw e`gfnbcw ‗ arm`bnpscw ‗."Kc lcsbc E`mfrîonb+ psn cwtne`nt kc tr`y`nk nbdnmbc dcksn+ wcr` z`rtn dc ksn%eìec" Kc mr`bd m`nkk`rd ir`bí`nwdc dcsv eætrcw wcr` rcwtî sbc lasrbîc 8 nk `sr`dce`bdî sb `strc cezkan ê k„`mcbgc dabt nk gabb`ât kcrcwzabwòkc" K„`bgncb asyrncr ds OTZ+ Ir`bí`nw+ b„`sr`zksw `wwc| d„îbcrmnc zasr kc zawtc+ psn ksn k`nwwcr` dc

wsrgraât k` e`nb cb w`bm &nk b„`sr` e`bnicwtcecbt z`wzrnw k„nbntn`tnyc dc wc z`bwcr kcw danmtw ct dc wc o`bdcrkcw zanmbctw ps`bd kc ocwanb wc wcr` i`nt wcbtnr 8gaeec kcw o`kkcrnbcw+ psn ¨ cb gfncbt ¸+ e`nw cb w„`r%e`bt dc zrîg`stnabw. 8 w` gaznbc k„`sr` gabynî ê ycbnrtr`y`nkkcr d`bw gcttc wszcr cbtrczrnwc+ aþ ckkc `sr`

oîbîingnî d„sb zawtc z`w îzrasy`bt ds tast+ ct psn zrî%wcbtc eìec dcw `y`bt`mcw… e`nw ê Ikarc%w`k`dcttc+k„îm`kntî dcw wcvcw wc fcsrtc ê k` rî`kntî ds tr`y`nk ê`ggaezknr ct ds rcbdcecbt ê aotcbnr+ ckkc bc rcbtrcz`w tat`kcecbt d`bw kcw w`gfctw dc w`k`dcw gaezawîcw&b„~ gfcrgfc| z`w d`y`bt`mc sb eadækc dc eîtnww`mc

rîswwn+ gf`psc mraszc ctfbnpsc rcwtc cbtrc wan cb



?6>

dcfarw dcw fcsrcw dc gafònt`tnab aoknmîc+ w`si ps`bdsbc ctfbnc ‗ `wn`tnpsc as zak~bîwncbbc ‗ cwt enbarnt`nrc

ct ps„ckkc wc iabd `karw d`bw sb mraszc ctfbnpsc `zzra%gf`bt ‗ cb k„aggsrrcbgc e`mfrîonb ‗ 8 tast gaeec `svCt`tw%Sbnw+ cb waeec." Sb dîlê traz ïmî gnbps`b%tcb`nrc b„`sr` z`w `wwc| dc d~bènwec zasr aggszcr kczawtc" Ctg" _cwtcr` dabg ê rcecttrc sb yncnkkn `bgncb`rtnw`b ds OTZ ìicgtî ê sb `strc zawtc+ psn bc wciaskc z`w+ e`nw psn i`nt kc tr`y`nk dce`bdî+ w`bw wctscr ê k` tïgfc"Ps`bd yasw esktnzkncrc| kcw `rrìtw%e`k`dnc z`rgc pscgc wcr` dîlê traz t`rd zasr yasw+ kcw okcwwsrcw wcrabtnrrîz`ròkcw ct kcw rcgfstcw nbcvaròkcw &¨ kcw eìecwg`swcw zradsnwcbt kcw eìecw ciictw ¸+ yasw dnr` kceîdcgnb+ psn yasw gabwcnkkcr` dc gf`bmcr d„`gtnyntî.+ sb

Ir`bí`nw yasw wsmmærcr` dc wneskcr sb `ggndcbt dctr`y`nk zasr oîbîingncr ds wt`tst psc yasw `srnc| døaotcbnr wn yasw `ync| i`nt `ttcbtnab ê yasw ct ê yawdrantw" E`nw yaw wgrszskcw rcbdcbt k` e`masnkkc nezcb%wòkc zasr yasw 8 yaw wgrszskcw as yatrc rcisw g`tî%marnpsc d„ìtrc ct dc i`nrc gaeec gcsv psn iabt ds

eabdc sb eabdc dc zstcw ct dc inkw dc zstc &as dnt`strcecbt+ yatrc rcisw dîmaøtî dc e`bmcr dc kècrdc ê cb dcycbnr sbc." Ct kc Ir`bí`nw dc rng`bcr <¨ Ziii+ ts gaezrcbdw rncb ê k` ync" 00= Zsnwwc gc tîean%

00= Yasw ìtcw dcw ndnatw+ wn yasw `yc| dcw wgrszskcw ê zraintcr dc

tast gc psc kc W~wtæec dîeabn`psc ect cb zk`gc zasr zcrdsrcrcb `gfct`bt tasw gcsv psn wabt `gfctòkcw gaeec kcw zst`nbw



?>:

mbc yasw `ndcr ê gaezrcbdrc k` ync+ as zksw cv`gtc%ecbt+ ê ecttrc cb gabgard`bgc yatrc gabwgncbgc `ycg

yaw gabb`nww`bgcw dc k` rî`kntî+ ê `d`ztcr yatrc ear`kc`ycg kc zrnbgnzc dc rî`kntî &kcw cvnmcbgcw dc k` wsrync.+gc psn nezknpsc psc yasw yasw knoîrnc| dc tastcw kcwear`kcw isecswcw+ dc tasw kcw zcrwnik`mcw f`nbcsv dcwgaeeærcw ir`bí`nwcw psn cb wabt rîdsntcw ê tr`pscrkcw `y`bt`mcw psc kcw `strcw abt ct ps„nkw b„abt z`w+ kcwgf`rmcw wagn`kcw psc kcw `strcw ecttcbt wsr kcsrkòcsr psatndncb… k` z`rt dc k` r`tnab dc wsrync psn cwtdnwtrnosîc ê gf`gsb+ z`rgc psc k` Ir`bgc dîzîrnt ctk„Ct`t zrayndcbgc dnwz`r`ât+ ct oncbtôt+ gaeec `svCt`tw%Sbnw ct d`bw kcw z`~w cb dîyckazzcecbt+ kcwIr`bí`nw bc zasrrabt zksw msærc l`kaswcr gc psc k`B`tsrc `sr` dabbî `sv sbw ps„ckkcw b„`sr` z`w dabbî

`sv `strcw"Cb inb dc gaeztc+ kcw zrnecw dc rcbdcecbt `srabtoîbîingnî `sv iceecw+ batèecbt `sv gfciw d„îpsnzc+psn `srabt psatndncbbcecbt zrnw dcw z`swcw &z`swcgnm`rcttc+ z`swc zrnærc+ z`swc znzn%gnm`rcttc+ z`swcgìî+ z`swc wakcnk. zasr wc eîb`mcr+ t`bdnw psc yasw

ps„nkw wabt" Ct yasw ìtcw dcw z`r`wntcw wn yasw zraintc| ds W~w%tæec+ gaeec dcw oìtcw ê gf`wwcr psn yncbbcbt radcr `stasr dcwocrmcrncw ct dcw zask`nkkcrw" Yasw dcyc| ìtrc nrrîzragfòkcw cbbc zraint`bt z`w ds W~wtæec+ e`nw wn yasw b„cb zraintc| z`w+ yaswìtcw eîzrnwòkcw gaeec dcw b`áiw ps„ab zcst cvzkantcr z`rgcps„nkw b„abt rncb gaezrnw `s eabdc 8 gaeec dcw @strcw psn bc iabt

z`w z`rtnc ds W~wtæec+ psn b„abt z`w kcw oabbcw i`íabw dc i`nrc ctdc zcbwcr zasr ¨ cb ìtrc ¸"



?>0

b„`src| z`w zs cb zrcbdrc sbc wcskc" Yasw psnttcrc|k„cbtrczrnwc cb `~`bt ps`wnecbt zcrds k„sw`mc dcw or`w

zasr sbc mr`bdc z`rtnc dcw tïgfcw zraicwwnabbckkcw+ cteìec gasr`btcw" Ct ps`bd yasw dcyrc| yasw rcgabycr%tnr+ ab dnr` psc yasw b„`yc| rncb 8 d„òard k` gabb`wwccb okaswc ok`bgfc psn bc w`nt z`w gc ps„cwt k` tr`bwznr`%tnab &farenw gckkc ds gcryc`s+ ps`bd eìec+ `ycg wabO@G(0:.+ d„`strc z`rt kcw iare`tcsrw e`k nbiareîw z`rckkc+ batèecbt gcksn+ Tsrksttc Kìkøtc+ psn tr`y`nkkcdcsv eanw d`bw k„`b+ ct psn awcr` w„èswcr dc yatrc g`wcb zrîtcbd`bt psc yaw okcwwsrcw wabt gckkcw d„sb lascsr dc tcbbnw psn b„` z`w k„fòntsdc dc tr`y`nkkcre`bsckkcecbt+ wn gc b„cwt d„sb or`bkcsr `gf`rbî… gc psndabbcr` ê k` k`bmsc zarta%zst`wwnærc+ gaeec ê wabfòntsdc+ k„agg`wnab dc gfcrgfcr ê yasw zrcbdrc cb

dîi`st wsr k„`stck dc tast gc psn wc dnr` dc yasw ‗ ìnbdc ecttrc dc k„fsnkc wsr kc ics dcw gaeeîr`mcw ‗+ dcw` k`bmsc rae`bc yasw tcwtcr < ¨ Ps„cwt%gc psc í` i`ntd„`yanr Xgcgn ct gckÙ 1 ¸&@ psan í` ksn wcrt+ ê gcttc g`bg`bnærc+ dc w`yanr gc pscí` i`nt 1 Ps`bd ksn ct wcw wceokòkcw gfcrgfcbt ê

w`yanr gc psc í` i`nt+ zasr sb m`ríabbct+ dc wc i`nrcèzstcr ê yni dc wab zrîzsgc+ ê psan gck` kcsr wcrt%nkdc kc w`yanr 1 @ dîbabgcr gcttc nmbaenbnc+ as zstôt êiènkn`rnwcr kcsr cwzrnt zrnentni+ zasr w„cb `ggaeeadcrct inb`kcecbt cb dnrc < ¨ Ziii+ g„cwt rncb í` ! ¸ @ psangck` kcsr wcrt%nk dc kc w`yanr 1 @ eîzrnwcr+ gaeec k`

gabb`wwc cb okaswc ok`bgfc+ gc psn bc wc e`bnicwtc z`w



?>?

ê k` lsnyc ct ê k„`ròa%eswske`bc+ `ycg dcw grnw f~wtî%rnpscw+ dc k„`mnt`tnab ciirîbîc+ dcw e`bnicwt`tnabw dc

iaknc as dc zawwcwwnab dîeabn`psc+ `ycg dcw znkcw dcz`zcr`wwc ‗ onoknpsc ‗ zasr îtòknr k` yîrntî 1 I`st%nktardrc wab ynw`mc dc daskcsr+ fsrkcr ds iabd dc wcwcbtr`nkkcw+ i`nrc ds gnbîe` nezsdnpsc+ zasr psc k`wasiir`bgc want t`bmnokc 1Ps„cwt%gc psc í` kcsr icr`nt+ dc bc zksw `yanr dc z`s%znærcw+ as d„`yanr k` k`bmsc gabtnbsckkcecbt farw dc kòasgfc 1 Ps„cwt%gc psc í` icr`nt+ `karw+ dc bc zksw`yanr dc zrîzsgc 1 Wn í` bc kcsr i`nt rncb+ g„cwt wørc%ecbt z`w z`rgc ps„nkw wabt îycnkkîw+ e`nw zkstôt z`rgcps„nkw wabt zragfcw dcw oìtcw 8 z`rgc psc k` gnrgabgn%wnab bc dnynbnwc z`w+ e`nw ocwtn`knwc+ ct wgckkc k„cwzrntd`bw k` ocwtn`kntî" Wn í` bc kcsr i`nt rncb+ ps„cwt%gc psc

í` zcst oncb kcsr i`nrc dc w`yanr psc kcw inkkcw wabtèzstîcw dc kcsrw zc`sv dc yskyc 1 `s bae dc k„f~%mnæbc+ dc k` zrazf~k`vnc dcw e`k`dncw m~bîgakamnpscw+dc k„cwtfîtnpsc+ ds gabiart zîrnbî`k+ as cbgarc dck„`mrîecbt wcvsck wn gc b„cwt d„sb gsktc psckgabpsc ê k`dîcwwc iceec" Zasrpsan wsrw`stcbt%nkw ê gcttc ndîc 1

Z`rgc ps„ckkc cwt grsckkc 1 as wnezkcecbt z`rgc ps„ckkccwt basyckkc+ ct dabg nbwszzartòkc `sv rî`gtnabb`nrcwps„nkw wabt"Ps„cwt%gc psc í` kcsr icr`nt 1 dc wc i`nrc tr`bgfcr sbtcbdab d„sb gasz dc gastc`s+ kê+ e`nbtcb`bt+ gaeec í`+ps`bd nkw bc w„~ `ttcbdr`ncbt z`w+ ps`bd nkw wcr`ncbt

d`bw kcsr ît`t kc eanbw ocwtn`k+ e`nw z`w kc zksw



?>7

nbgabwgncbt 8 sb gasz dc r`wanr d`bw kcsr îz`skc+ zcb%d`bt ps„nkw wcr`ncbt cb tr`nb dc tr`y`nkkcr+ kc or`w kcyî+

wsr sb zkìabd" Ps„cwt%gc psc í` kcsr icr`nt 1 d„`yanrsbc r`mc dc dcbt `s bnyc`s dcw `rtngsk`tnabw ‗ dcweceorcw nbiîrncsrw ct wszîrncsrw gaeec dc k` gakabbcycrtîor`kc ‗+ tasr ê tasr as wneskt`bîecbt 8 lasr ctbsnt" Zcsycbt%nkw k„ne`mnbcr+ kc rcwwcbtnr+ kc zcrgcyanr+cb gabbcgt`bt kcsr cwzrnt wsr k„nbgabwgncbt dc k`zcrwabbc ê îy`kscr+ as ê dîi`st+ cb i`nw`bt `zzck `swasycbnr dc kcsrw okcwwsrcw 8 gaeec `s danmt sbc orø%ksrc `s ?cec dcmrî+ e`nw `s bnyc`s dcw `rtngsk`tnabw…`ycg gcttc wcbw`tnab k`bgnb`btc ct wsiiag`btc ‗ psnrcbdr`nt nr`wgnokc+ `mrcwwni+ ynakcbt+ ias ct wsngnd`nrcwn ckkc dcyr`nt zcrdsrcr ‗"@ psan gck kcsr wcrt%nk dc w`yanr+ ê tr`ycrw kcw gaeeî%

r`mcw+ gc psc ynycbt kcw sbw ct kcw `strcw 1 Gck` bcwcrt ps„ê gaez`rcr kcw okcwwsrcw+ kcw cvzîrncbgcw ctkcw îzrcsycw zasr zasyanr wc wcbtnr kc eanbw e`k wcrynz`r k` ync+ zasr zasyanr wc r`wwsrcr wsr wab wart ct wci`nrc y`kanr z`r w` rîwnwt`bgc wszîrncsrc+ zasr zasyanrdnrc < ¨ Wn t„`w z`w i`nt kc tr`y`nk psc l„`n i`nt+ ts w`nw

z`w g„cwt psan kc tr`y`nk ¸+ ¨ wn t„`w z`w yîgs gc psc ean l„`n yîgs+ ts w`nw z`w g„cwt psan k` ync ¸+ ¨ wn ts b„`w z`wi`nt gcttc cvzîrncbgc+ ts b„cw z`w sb faeecsbciceec ¸" Iargc cwt dc gabwt`tcr psc gfc| kcw gaeeæ%rcw+ k` gabb`nww`bgc wt`mbc d`bw k` oasgfc 8 lswps„ê gcps„ckkc want o`yîc as gr`gfîc" Ckkc b„`ttcnbt z`w k„cwzrnt+



?>4

ckkc bc zradsnt dabg rncb 8 `sgsb cbwcnmbcecbt stnkc`sv `strcw".

Basw bc yasw rcgabycrtnwwc| z`w ¨ gaeec í` ¸+ e`nw kceîdcgnb ds Gcbtrc yasw dce`bdcr` dc i`nrc rcezknrz`r kc eîdcgnb tr`nt`bt+ cb k„aggsrrcbgc sb wzîgn`knwtc+sb iaresk`nrc ndcbtnpsc ê gcksn psn ` asycrt yatrc drantê k` rcgabycrwnab" Cb esktnzkn`bt kc baeorc dc zcrwab%bcw psn oîbîingncbt dc gc dnwzawntni z`r kc gaøt d„sbcgabwskt`tnab psn bc wcrt ps„ê rcezknr sb iaresk`nrc psn` dîlê îtî rcezkn ct dabt nk wsiinr`nt dc dce`bdcr sbcgaznc+ yasw ya~c| kc znta~òkc dc k` wnts`tnab"Kc dastc wcr` lctî wsr yasw wn yasw bc yaskc| z`we`bpscr sbc lasrbîc dc gasrw d`bw sbc dîe`rgfc`denbnwtr`tnyc soscwpsc+ d„òard z`rgc psc yatrceîdcgnb tr`nt`bt `sr` eadninî w` dnwzabnonkntî+ cbwsntc

z`rgc psc yasw b„ne`mnbcrc| z`w dcyanr wsonr sbcwî`bgc dc drcww`mc%îzasnkk`mc%gaeeîr`mc%kîgf`mc%trasww`mc dsr`bt sb eanw+ `y`bt d„`yanr kc drant dcz`wwcr `sv gfawcw sb zcs wîrncswcw &yasw z`wwcrc|z`r sb w`w dc dîgabtènb`tnab `y`bt dc zasyanr cbtrcrdc zk`nb%zncd d`bw k` wcgtc006."

Psckkc kcíab zcst%ab tnrcr dc gc g`w 1 E`rgfc| `s z`w"I`ntcw gc ps„ab yasw dnt+ ps`bd ab yasw kc dnt+ gaeec abyasw kc dnt 8 ab b„`nec z`w gcsv psn zcbwcbt z`r csv%eìecw ct zasr csv%eìecw+ gcsv psn b„abt z`w k` tìtcct kc gŗsr kê aþ nkw wc trasycbt ct `ycg psn nkw wabt" Kc

006

Í` yasw r`zzckkc kcw rntcw e`íabbnpscw 1 batèecbt" Psckcwzrnt e`k tasrbî yasw `yc| ! Twww !



?>3

wcryngc enknt`nrc b„cvnwtc zksw cb Ir`bgc+ e`nw zasryasw psn `yc| dø k„ciicgtscr gfc| yasw+ yasw dcyrnc|

w`yanr z`ri`ntcecbt lascr kcw eastabw dc Z`bsrmcd`bw kc gsk dc k` Ir`bgc+ ct `nkkcsrw".

Karwpsc yasw îtnc| cbi`btw+ yaw mîbntcsrw b„abt gcr%

t`nbcecbt z`w gcwwî dc yasw dnrc ¨ bc tasgfc z`w í`+g„cwt g`g` ¸+ ¨ `ttcbtnab ê bc z`w e`rgfcr wsr k` ecrdcdc gfncb ¸" Ct gaeec k„fse`nb wc dabbc dcw `nrw dcwgncbgc ct dc w`mcwwc cb nbycbt`bt dcw iareskcwe`tfîe`tnpscw ct dcw oabbcw r`nwabw zasr tast gc psn`rrnyc nbdîzcbdèecbt dc wab wceok`bt dc yakabtî+ abyasw ` dnt psc ¨ e`rgfcr wsr sbc ecrdc zartc%oabfcsr ¸00>… cbinb ! wn g„cwt ds zncd m`sgfc+ yasww`yc|+ gaeec ps`bd ab yasw ` dnt psc yasw èzstcr dcyatrc zrîzsgc cwt zasr yatrc oncb+ zasr yatrc dnynbntî+cv`gtcecbt gaeec ps`bd dcw ornm`bdw yasw dîzasnk%kcbt cb yasw `wwsr`bt psc zasr yasw g„cwt encsv ps„nk cbwant `nbwn+ as ps`bd kcw eìncsv dcw rcknmnabw yasw

cvtarpscbt dc k„`rmcbt cb yasw `wwsr`bt psc ¨ dncsyasw kc rcbdr` ¸ 8 estnkcr sb wcvc+ gc b„cwt z`w oncb+e`nw estnkcr sb wcvc ds zncd m`sgfc+ g„cwt oncb+ ct í`zartc eìec oabfcsr+ `kkîmrcwwc+ iîkngntî" Oab+ cf oncb+

00>

Cgr`wcr kcw i`nokcw `zzartc kc zasyanr+ k` mkanrc+ k` rngfcwwc ctk` zrawzîrntî"



?>9

nk ~ ` sbc `strc kcíab psc yasw dcyc| `zzrcbdrc <gaeecbt gôta~cr dcw gabb`rdw w`bw yaenr ct w`bw

`yanr cbync dc yasw wsngndcr cb inb dc lasrbîc"Yaw rcknmnabw yasw z`r`k~wcbt dc zcsr `ycg dcw fnwtan%rcw d„cbicr zcszkî dc or`w mks`btw psn yasw cbtr`âbcbtd`bw sb e`me` w`bmsnbakcbt" Kcw gabtcw tcrrarnwcbtkcw zctntw `ycg dcw fnwtanrcw d„cbi`bt crr`bt d`bw sbciarìt aowgsrc `sv nbpsnît`btw ~csv gknmb`bt+ ct aþ kcwor`bgfcw w„`bnecbt ct w„`mrnzzcbt `s gfîrsonb zasr kczcrdrc" Gcw tîbæorcw g`sgfce`rdcwpscw aþ sbc e`wwc`bne`kc dèbîc ` zasr b`tsrc dc yasw îkanmbcr dc yaswct yasw îg`rtcr dc yatrc dcwtnb`tnab+ ckkcw wabt ngneìec 8 z`rtast wsr tcrrc"Wn yasw ìtcw bîw d`bw sb enkncs wagn`k îycnkkî+ ab ` døyasw zrîycbnr psc k` eantnî dcw mcbw wabt dc k` ecrdc

mks`btc+ dc k` ecrdc `bne`kc psn wcrzcbtc+ oabdnt+ ctw„ò`t w`dnpscecbt wsr tast gc psn w„`zzragfc d„ckkc 8gaeec dcw wnbmcw ct dcw r`tw psn eabtrcbt kcw dcbtw+oabdnwwcbt+ znrascttcbt+ mcwtngskcbt+ fsrkcbt ct mrni%icbt" Z`w tasw kcw mcbw+ fcsrcswcecbt &nk ~ ` dcw mcbwfse`nbcecbt træw `zzrîgnòkcw.+ e`nw ps`bd yasw ìtcw

d`bw sb enkncs sro`nb+ yasw dcyc| yanr kcw mcbw `ne`%okcw gaeec dcw ikcsrw wsr sb t`w dc isencr+ dc oaswc+dc knwncr" K` ecrdc t`znwwc k` wagnîtî cb w„îgask`btgabtnbsckkcecbt dcw nbwtntstnabw psn k` zradsnwcbt" Ctwsr gcttc ecrdc psn t`znwwc k` wagnîtî+ dcw wakw `svzkìabdw+ nk ~ ` psckpscw ikcsrw psn iabt psc k` ync bc

yasw i`nt z`w cbtnærcecbt yaenr yatrc cvnwtcbgc"



?>=

Tastc k` dniingsktî dc k` ync cb wagnîtî tncbt ê k`dniingsktî d„îyntcr dc e`rgfcr wsr tastc gcttc ecrdc

psn nbabdc k` tcrrc+ cb b„`ggard`bt yatrc `ttcbtnab+yatrc èònkntî ct yatrc wcrynònkntî ps„`sv ikcsrw 8tast cb w`gf`bt psc kcw ecrdcw bc wszzartcbt z`w pscyasw kcw nmbarnc|+ psc yasw bc kcsr `drcwwnc| z`w k`z`rakc+ psc yasw bc yasknc| z`w zcrdrc sb nbwt`bt dcyatrc ync cb kcsr gaez`mbnc+ as znrc+ psc yasw rciswnc|dc kcw rcgabb`âtrc gaeec yaw e`âtrcwwcw"Bc gra~c| z`w zasyanr e`rgfcr wsr kcw ecrdcw w`bwyasw cbmkscr" Gf`psc eaecbt d„`ttcbtnab psc yasw kcsr`ggardc| cwt sb z`w dc zksw psc yasw i`ntcw d`bw sbi`bmcsv wòkc easy`bt0?:" E`nbtcbc| yatrc `ttcbtnabwsr kcw gfawcw ockkcw cb yasw dîtasrb`bt dcw k`ndw 8 g`ryasw ìtcw d`bw sb dcw r`rcw z`~w ds eabdc aþ kcw mcbw

abt oncb d„`strcw gfawcw ê wc ecttrc d`bw kc gŗsr ctd`bw k„cwzrnt ps„sb dîmscskn dc rcknmnab rceïgfîc ctrîmsrmntîc dczsnw dcw wnægkcw as dcw enkkîb`nrcw z`rdcw enkknabw dc w~wtæecw dnmcwtniw dn`rrfînpscw"Dîi`ntcw%yasw `s zksw yntc dc tast gabt`gt `ycg kcwecrdcw+ psn iabt tast zasr yasw cbiabgcr ct yasw i`nrc

dcycbnr gaeec ckkcw" Ckkcw wc wcbtnrabt eîzrnwîcw+nbwsktîcw ct dîy`karnwîcw+ wn yasw k`nwwc| cbtcbdrc+ z`ryatrc rcisw e`bnicwtc dc kcsr rcwwceokcr+ psc yasw bcyaskc| z`w kcsr rcwwceokcr 8 g`r gck` wnmbninc ps„ckkcwbc wabt z`w ê yatrc maøt+ as eìec psc yasw kcw lsmc|

0?:

¨ Psn traz gaeo`t kc dr`mab dcyncbt dr`mab ksn%eìec" ¸ ‗Irncdrngf Bnct|gfc &fttz<}}}"cycbc"irgnt`tnabw.

http://www.evene.fr/citations



?>6

eîzrnwòkcw" @karw+ zsnwpsc yasw yaskc| rcwtcr zrazrcwwsr yasw+ z`r y`bntcsv dîznt îmagcbtrnpsc ckkcw icrabt

k„nezawwnokc zasr yasw w`knr 8 g`r `nbwn wabt kcwe`kngncsv ct kcw zcrycrw < nkw bc wszzartcbt z`w kcwynrmnb`sv+ kcw zsrw+ kcw nbbagcbtw+ kcw mr`gncsv+ kcwycrtscsv… ps„nkw abt ocwanb dc wasnkkcr+ dc garraezrc+dc dîy`karnwcr+ zasr tast gabiarecr ê gc ps„nkw wabt"Zksw kabmtcezw yasw yasw `tt`rdcrc| `ycg kcw i`bmcwfse`nbcw+ zksw r`zndcecbt yasw dcyncbdrc| gaeecckkcw" W`gfc| dabg rczîrcr kcw ¨ mcbw oncb ¸ &psn yasw`ndcbt ê yasw dîyckazzcr+ ê yasw rî`knwcr+ ê yasw îz`%basnr+ ê yasw cvzrnecr. ct yasw dîtasrbcr dc k` e`wwcynwpscswc dcw nmbaokcw nbdnyndsw `bneîw d„sb ocwanbynt`k < yasw i`nrc dcycbnr gaeec csv 8 csv psn b„cvnw%tcbt ct bc wc dîyckazzcbt psc z`r k` e`wwc+ d`bw k`

e`wwc+ z`rgc ps„nkw b„cvnwtcbt z`w z`r csv%eìecw+i`stc d„`yanr dîyckazzî kcsr zrazrc zcrwabb`kntî+ sbwan%eìec+ sb gfc| wan zw~gfnpsc" Wn zksw zcrwabbc bcdcycb`nt gaeec csv+ nkw dnwz`r`âtr`ncbt+ `swwn wørc%ecbt psc k„îgsec bc zcst cvnwtcr w`bw agî`b+ z`rgcpsc gc bc wabt z`w dcw grî`tniw+ e`nw dcw dcwtrsg%

tcsrw+ dcw yèznrcw+ dcw w`bmwscw+ dcw zrîd`tcsrw 8 nkwwsrynycbt dc tast gc ps„nkw dîzasnkkcbt ê `strsn+ z`r k`kan dc k` e`larntî+ ds zksw iart" Wn tast kc eabdc ît`ntgaeec csv+ nk b„~ `sr`nt zksw d„`rtw ct zksw d„nbycbtnabw+e`nw sbnpscecbt dcw orsntw dc oattcw ct dcw mrambc%ecbtw o`ro`rcw+ dcw mscrrcw ct dc k` g`zt`tnab 8 z`rgc

psc k` wcbwnonkntî nbtckknmcbtc cwt k` gkci psn asyrc k`



?>>

zartc ecbt`kc dabb`bt `ggæw `sv trîwarw dc k`Grî`tnab" Csv+ gc wabt dcw eïkcw ct dcw iceckkcw dc

k„ærc zrîfnwtarnpsc+ gczcbd`bt d„`st`bt zksw gabiartîwd`bw kcsr wcbtnecbt d„ìtrc kîmntnecw d`bw kc eabdcps„nkw wabt stnknwîw z`r kcw dîeabn`pscw e`âtrcw dseabdc zasr ecbcr kcw mscrrcw psn iabt ct dîiabt kceabdc 8 cb wasectt`bt ct cb cvzkant`bt kcw mcbw dasîwd„cwzrnt+ psn abt zcrds as `trazfnî kcsrw ¨ gasnkkcw ¸ cbdîyckazz`bt kcsr gcryc`s gabycbtnabbck &gcsv psn iabtdc k„cwzrnt ct dc k„`rt oasrmcanw+ gaeecrgn`k+ oncb%wî`bt+ cb îynt`bt dc w„`ycbtsrcr d`bw k„Nbgabbs+ kê aþnkw rnwpscbt dc zcrdrc kcsr gabiart as znrc+ kcsr cwzrntas kcsr ync.+ g`r gsktnycr wab cwzrnt as gsktnycr wòcwtn`kntî+ nk i`st gfanwnr"W`gfc| bc z`w yasw i`nrc dîzasnkkcr dc yaw rìycw+ dc

yatrc ync+ dc yatrc wcbwnonkntî+ dc yatrc nbtckknmcbgc+dc yatrc oab wcbw+ dc yatrc r`nwab+ dc yatrc w`mcwwc+dc yatrc cwzrnt+ dc yatrc ïec+ dc yatrc gabwgncbgc+ dcyaw gabyngtnabw" Gc bc wcr` z`w gfawc `nwîc+ e`nw yasw`yc| dcw wnmb`sv d„`k`rec zasr yasw `ndcr ê rî`knwcrpsc yasw ìtcw wsr sb e`sy`nw gfcenb+ dcw wnmbcw psn

danycbt yasw i`nrc rî`mnr ct yasw cbgasr`mcr ê yaswrczrcbdrc cb e`nb < yasw bc gabwndîrc| z`w k` ikarc ctk` i`sbc gaeec dcw grî`tnabw `zzrîgnòkcw ds wcsk i`ntdc kcsr cvnwtcbgc eìec+ ct dabt k` dnycrwntî ctk„arnmnb`kntî cbgf`btc yatrc cwzrnt ct yatrc gŗsr 8 yasw`zzrîgnc| zcs as z`w k` eswnpsc 8 k` zr`tnpsc dc k`



7::

gnrgabgnwnab yasw k`nwwc nbdniiîrcbt 8 ctg" Gck` wnmbnincpsc yasw ìtcw cb tr`nb dc yasw ¨ |aeonincr ¸"

Zasr gcrt`nbw d„cbtrc yasw+ nk cwt w`bw dastc dîlê trazt`rd &batèecbt zasr gcsv psn trasycbt oc`s kcsrwcvc estnkî.+ e`nw zasr kcw `strcw+ lc knyrc sb wcbtn%ecbt zcrwabbck ê yatrc rîikcvnab+ gaeec sbc mr`nbcpsc lc ectw d`bw yatrc cwzrnt ct d`bw yatrc gŗsr+ k`dcrbnærc mr`nbc d„sbc y`rnîtî dc zk`btc arnmnbckkczk`btîc wsr sb wak dîynt`knwî rcgasycrt z`r dc y`wtcwîtcbdscw nbdswtrnckkcw dc gsktsrcw farw wak dc y`rnîtîwestîcw 8 sbc mr`nbc psn zasrr`nt w`sycr gcrt`nbwd„cbtrc yasw" Dntcw%yasw oncb sbc gfawc < wn ab bc zcstecttrc ê e`k k` zr`tnpsc dc k` gnrgabgnwnab+ gck` wnmbn%inc psc g„cwt ngn%o`w k„ceznrc ds E`k 8 wn dcw nbdnyndswzcsycbt estnkcr kc wcvc dc kcsrw zramîbntsrcw zasr

b„nezartc psck zrîtcvtc dîknr`bt w`bw ìtrc bcstr`knwîwz`r k` wagnîtî+ gck` wnmbninc psc k` ear`kc cb ynmscsrcwt sb i`sv ‗ batèecbt nezawî z`r kcw yakcsrw dczrîzsgcw+ psn wc zk`gcbt ear`kcecbt `s%dcwwsw dc tastkc eabdc ‗" Gck` wnmbninc psc kcw tcb`btw dc k` gnr%gabgnwnab bc ycskcbt z`w nbwt`srcr k„èasr ct k` z`nv

wsr tcrrc+ gaeec nkw kc zrîtcbdcbt+ e`nw ps„nkw ycskcbtwc zawntnabbcr `s%dcwwsw dc tast kc eabdc zasr zrcb%drc kc gabtrôkc tat`k ds eabdc cb nezaw`bt kcsr Ardrc+kcsr kan+ kcsr zasyanr &ê gf`gsb dc rîikîgfnr wsr gc psczcst oncb ìtrc sb Ardrc psn estnkc wcvsckkcecbt wcwfaeecw." Wn g„cwt nbcvaròkcecbt ngn k„ceznrc ds E`k+

rncb bc dant zksw yasw rctcbnr dc i`nrc gc psc oab yasw



7:0

wceokc+ ê yaw rnwpscw ct zîrnkw 8 `s eîzrnw dcw kanwmsnmbakcwpscw ct dcw ear`kcw mr`bd%msnmbakcwpscw0?0"

Wn k` zr`tnpsc dc k` gnrgabgnwnab i`nt z`rtnc nbtîmr`btcds eabdc+ g„cwt ps„nk b„~ ` `sgsbc ear`kc psn y`nkkc" Kèar`kc psc yasw nbgskpscbt kcw daenb`btw bc wcrt ps„êyasw e`nbtcbnr `s r`bm dc eastabw wasenw zcbd`btps„csv wc rîwcrycbt k` knocrtî d„`mnr gaeec dcw kaszwîmarmcsrw dc eastabw &e`nw w`bw rnwpscw bn zîrnkw+ g`rnkw iabt kcw kanw ê kcsr `y`bt`mc. 8 zasr k` wnezkc r`nwabps„nk b„~ ` z`w wsr tcrrc dc psan `wwasynr tastcw kcwknocrtîw nbdnyndsckkcw+ tasw kcw `zzîtntw zrîd`tcsrw+tastcw kcw eîm`kae`bncw+ tastcw kcw èontnabw+ tasw kcwdîwnrw+ tastcw kcw cbyncw" Wn k` gnrgabgnwnab bc zcstìtrc òaknc+ `karw ear`kcecbt zksw rncb bc dant yaswcezìgfcr dc yakcr+ tscr+ ynakcr+ e`ww`grcr+ cwgrapscr+

swsrzcr" G„cwt ngn kc eabdc ds grnec arm`bnwî+ ds yngc+dc k` zcrycrwntî+ psn dnt wab bae ‗ wcgrct ‗ `ycg k`gnrgabgnwnab 8 sb eabdc eìncsv psn w„nbycbtc dcwgadcw d„fabbcsr zasr w„`ttrnoscr ir`sdskcswcecbt sbc

0?0 G„cwt oncb oc`s dc yaskanr i`nrc gc psc k„ab ycst+ e`nw nk i`st`wwsecr wcw `gtcw" Ct g„cwt zrîgnwîecbt zasr gck` psc k` zksz`rt dcwmcbw bc ycskcbt z`w dc k` knocrtî rîckkc+ zasr bc z`w ìtrcyîrntòkcecbt rcwzabwòkcw+ zasr bc z`w rnwpscr dc i`nrc sb i`sv z`wi`t`k" K` zksz`rt dcw mcbw ycskcbt ps„ab kcsr dnwc gc ps„nkw zcsycbt ctdanycbt i`nrc as z`w+ ìnb dc wc gabiarecr ê k` barec ct d„ìtrc wørw

dc bc rncb rnwpscr+ zasr zasyanr ynyrc wcrcnbcecbt+ d`bw sb cbgkawìicgtni ct ecbt`k"



7:?

fabarònkntî ps„nk b„` z`w0??" K„fabbcsr dc gc eabdceìncsv+ g„cwt k„ar zk`psî wsr sb ynk eît`k" Psc gcwwc

dabg k„f~zagrnwnc" Psc k` knocrtî want rcnbc+ d`bw kc zkswneear`k sktr`knoîr`knwec+ d`bw w` zksw tat`kc w`sy`%mcrnc"

Bc zrcbc| z`w `s eat tast gc psc lc dnw 8 bc i`ntcw z`w

gc psc yasw nbgskpscbt gcsv psn ycskcbt yasw ecbcr ê kò`mscttc" Bc i`ntcw z`w sb damec dc gc psc lc dnw+ ctbc zrcbc| z`w gc psc lc dnw gaeec k„îbabgî d„sbdamec" Lc bc ornmsc `sgsb Zasyanr ‗ ct wørcecbt z`wwsr dcw ecrdcw èosk`btcw ‗+ lc b„`n dabg z`w ocwanbdc yasw ceornm`dcr `ycg sb damec 8 lc raskc zasr ean

ct lc k`nwwc dcrrnærc ean+ ê psn cb `sr` sw`mc+ gc psn

0?? Kcw eìncsv tcnbtîw cb rcknmncsv+ csv wc iòrnpscbt dcwycrtsw+ gaeec k` zsdcsr" @nbwn+ w„nkw estnkcbt kc wcvc dc kcsrw eïkcwct w„nkw yankcbt kcsrw iceckkcw+ g„cwt z`r zsdcsr" Ct k` zsdcsr+gaezrcbc|%yasw+ cwt sbc y`kcsr wszîrncsrc træw `zzrîgnîc ds dncsdcw dncsv"

B„nezartc psn zcst w„nbycbtcr sbc ycrts as sbc baokcwwc 8 gaeec kciabt kcw eanbw psc rncb dcw iabdw dc mfcttaw sro`nbw+ psn zrîtcbdcbteakcwtcr zasr w`sycr kcsr ¨ fabbcsr ¸+ z`rgc psc g„cwt tast gc ps„nkww`ycbt i`nrc+ i`nrc kcw ya~asw+ dabg+ zasr bc z`w i`nrc zïkc inmsrc+nkw zrîwcbtcbt kcsr ya~asgr`tnc gaeec sb eadc dc ync fabaròkc"Ct kcw sbw ct kcw `strcw zcsycbt dnrc < ¨ Gfc| basw+ ab gaszc kcbc| dcw iceecw < zasr kcsr `zzrcbdrc k` zsdcsr" ¸ ¨ Gfc| basw+

ab græyc sb ŗnk ê baw `dakcwgcbtw < g„cwt sb rntc dc z`ww`mcwznrntsck zasr kcsr i`nrc asyrnr kc tranwnæec ŗnk" ¸



7:7

w„cwt zrîwcbtî ê ean ct psn bc e„cwt dîlê zksw stnkczasr zasrwsnyrc eab gfcenb+ kcpsck w„`rrìtcr` kc lasr

aþ lc wcr`n `tt`gfî ê gc psc lc wcr`n+ ê gc psc lczcbwcr`n+ ê gc psc lc ynyr`n &`karw lc gaeecbgcr`n êr`datcr." Dîtcbdc|%yasw ! Basw waeecw dcw ìtrcwesktnzkcw ct basw ynyabw wsr dc esktnzkcw zk`bw dck„cvnwtcbgc" Basw waeecw gabwtntsîw dc zkswncsrwgasgfcw+ dc k` zksw zrnentnyc ê k` zksw zakngîc ct e`bnî%rîc+ yanrc ê k` zksw `stfcbtnpscecbt wznrntsckkc ctîyaksîc" @nbwn+ kcw zksw zrnentniw dcw nbdnyndsw wabtgaeec dcw `bne`sv cbg`mîw 8 gc wabt z`r cvcezkc kcww`sy`mcw dcw mfcttaw ct dcw ps`wn%mfcttaw rîmnw z`r k`wcskc kan trno`kc ct eìncswc dc k` iargc zf~wnpsc ctdcw `recw 8 gcsv dabt kc rcm`rd+ kc k`bm`mc+ kc gaezar%tcecbt+ w„`zz`rcbtcbt ê gcsv dcw `bne`sv zrîd`tcsrw"

D„`strcw+ irswtcw+ wabt ê zcnbc zksw îyaksîw psc dcwfaeecw zrîfnwtarnpscw 8 nkw wabt gaeec dcw `bne`sveswckîw ct tcbsw cb k`nwwc+ psc k` i`ne+ kcw zskwnabwwcvsckkcw as k` zcsr zcsycbt dîgf`âbcr cb sb nbwt`bt"D„`strcw abt wsr csv k` gasgfc dc gabiarenwec dcw`bne`sv dc o`wwc%gasr" D„`strcw wabt zksw e`bnîrîw"

Ctg"@nbwn+ i`gc ê sb nbgabbs nbtrnm`bt gaeec sb îtr`bmcrzcrwnwt`bt+ k„`bne`kntî nbtrnbwæpsc wc dnr` `swwntôt <¨ Nk ~ ` kê psckps„sb d„`strc psc ean" Nk aggszc eabcwz`gc ynt`k" Nk zrcbd e` zk`gc" Nk ec dîtrsnt" Lc danwkc dîtrsnrc zasr gabtnbscr ê cvnwtcr" ¸ K„`bne`k dc

ecstc wc dnr` < ¨ Nk bc rcwwceokc z`w ê gcsv psn wabt



7:4

`ycg ean ct psn ec dabbcbt k„ne`mc dc gc psc lc wsnw êtr`ycrw gc psc lc yanw dc gc ps„nkw wabt" Nk b„cwt z`w

gaeec ean+ nk b„cwt z`w gaeec basw+ lc danw kcrciaskcr+ basw dcyabw kc rciaskcr" ¸ E`nw kcw gasgfcwcvtîrncsrcw dcw zstcw ct dcw oìtcw dc wagnîtî dnrabtkcw gfawcw `strcecbt 8 gaeec kc kcsr nezawc kc zk`b dck„cvnwtcbgc psn kcw gabwtntsc+ psn kcsr nezawc d„`kkcrycrw kcw `strcw zasr wsrynyrc tast cb ycnkk`bt ê `kkcrycrw gcsv psn wabt wceokòkcw+ nezaw`bt dc lswtnincrk„`ggczt`tnab gaeec kc rclct < ¨ Nk ~ ` sb zraokæecd„nbtîmr`tnab+ k` gafònt`tnab cwt nezawwnokc 8 yasw`yc| ys gaeecbt nk cwt 1 nk cwt gaeec gn+ nk i`nt kcwgfawcw gaeec gck`+ nk oant z`w dc gìî gaeec basw+ nkbc w„fònkkc z`w gaeec basw+ nk bc z`rkc z`w gaeecbasw ¸ 8 w`bw zksw d„cvzkng`tnab" Ct k„`rrnærc%zcbwîc

zrnentnyc d„`lastcr < ¨ Ct í`+ ean lc bc kc wszzartc z`w+gck` ec ect e`k ê k„`nwc 8 lc bc w`sr`nw z`w dnrczasrpsan+ g„cwt gaeec í`+ gf`gsb gfc| wan"¸ Ct k„cwzrntzrnentni d„`lastcr < ¨ G„cwt k` kan dc k„`bne`kntî+ psndngtc < ts bc ir`ncr`w ct bc gasgfcr`w ct bc e`bmcr`wct bc z`rkcr`w ps„`ycg gcsv psn abt k` eìec `zz`rcbgc+

k` eìec i`íab dc i`nrc+ kc eìec gaezartcecbt psctan" ¸ Ct k„`bne`kntî dc zrcbdrc ê tîeanb kcw zrnbgnzcwdc k` gaez`tnonkntî onakamnpsc+ kcw gaeonb`nwabw aztn%e`kcw dc k„@DB+ kc wasgn dc k` zcrzîts`tnab dc k„cwzægc+dc wab mîbat~zc ct dc wab zfîbat~zc" Wn k„ ¨ fse`nb ¸b„ît`nt z`w oïtn `stasr d„sbc oìtc zst`wwnærc gaeec

wab garzw `stasr d„sb wpsckcttc+ kcw eatw stnknwîw z`r



7:3

k„nbwt`bgc zw~gfnpsc &ecbt`kc. psn e`bnzskc kcw gfniircwct kcw kcttrcw gaeec k„ne`mc ct kc wab wcr`ncbt oncb

dniiîrcbtw"G„cwt `nbwn psc kcw Ir`bí`nw dabt k„`bne`kntî ` îtîorndîc z`r k` wagnîtî zakngîc iswtnmcbt kcw o`ro`rcwIr`bga%dc%z`zncr%e`mfrîonbw psn+ cb ecstc+ wc dî%gf`âbcbt w`sy`mcecbt wsr sb nbdnynds ê tcrrc" KcwIr`bí`nw îkcyîw `ycg kcw `nrw dc gnynknw`tnab iabt cv`g%tcecbt k` eìec gfawc+ e`nw `ycg kcw eatw 8 ps`bd nkwwc dîiaskcbt wsr sb oasg îenww`nrc z`r kcw tcb`btw dck„aznbnab &zcs nezartc psn cwt kc oasg îenww`nrc+ kcwIr`bí`nw òancbt gaeec dcw gfncbw psn òancbt ps`bdnkw cbtcbdcbt dcw gfncbw òa~cr+ wnezkcecbt z`rgcps„nkw abt dcw irswtr`tnabw ê cvzrnecr+ dcw f`nbcw+ dcwr`bgacsrw+ dcw r`mcw… tast gc psn+ dc kcsr `bne`kntî+

cwt îtasiiî z`r kcw gasgfcw cvtîrncsrcw+ kcw i`íabwd„ìtrc nezawîcw z`r k` wagnîtî." Kcw sbw b„abt z`wdîyckazzî kcw gasgfcw zrazrcw `sv zstcw ct `sv oìtcwdc k` wagnîtî oncbwî`btc gaeec ê kcsrw eastabwwasenw+ kcw `strcw abt wsr csv k` gasgfc zw~gfnpsc dcweastabw psn oìkcbt as dcw gfncbw psn òancbt+ ps`bd gc

b„cwt z`w kcw gasgfcw zw~gfnpscw dcw zstcw ct dcwoìtcw e`bnîrîcw" Gc psn wart dcw sbw cwt t~znpscecbt`bne`k" Gc psn wart dcw `strcw cwt inktrî z`r kcwgasgfcw cvtîrncsrcw+ psn tr`bwiarecbt k` e`bnicwt`%tnab dc k„`bne`kntî cb gc psn gabyncbt `s zk`b tcrrcwtrconcbwî`bt"



7:9

Tastcw gcw gasgfcw zcsycbt ìtrc `rr`gfîcw+ tastcwkcsrw `zz`rcbgcw zcsycbt w„cwtaezcr ct w„cii`gcr"

Basw bc waeecw z`w zksw gc psc basw wceokabw ìtrcpsc basw bc waeecw baw yìtcecbtw as kc garzw d`bwkcpsck basw waeecw+ gabwgncbtw 8 z`w zksw psc baswwaeecw kc bae psc basw zartabw as kcw cvgrîecbtwpsc zradsnt batrc garzw" E`nw basw waeecw ps`bdeìec oncb tast gck`+ d„sb gcrt`nb zanbt dc ysc+ d`bwsbc gcrt`nbc rî`kntî" Nk ~ ` dc basw tast gc psc baswecttabw cb ŗsyrc zasr basw `d`ztcr `sv `strcw+ wndnycrw ct wn y`rnîw 8 `s gabtr`nrc dcw gabb`rdw oasrrswpsn gèzcbt ynrnkcecbt wsr gc ps„nkw wabt+ ê gf`rmc zasrkcw `strcw dc w„`d`ztcr ê csv cb wc zkn`bt ê csv &kcmcbrc ê gèzcr `s enkncs d„sb gfcenb z`ww`bt dabt nkwiabt kcsr tcrrntanrc cb cwtne`bt `nbwn i`nrc zrcsyc dc

iargc+ dc e`nbenwc ct dc trnaezfc." Basw basw cvzrn%eabw `ycg baw îeatnabw nrr`tnabbckkcw+ nezraeztscw ctz`rianw nbgabtrôkòkcw+ `ycg batrc ecbt`k g`kgsk`tcsr+as oncb `ycg batrc cwzrnt w`mc ct nbwznrî+ gc psn baswi`nt zrcbdrc dcw zawntnabw `zz`rceecbt gabtr`dngtan%rcw" @ycg kc rcm`rd+ kc gŗsr+ kcw arcnkkcw+ kc gcryc`s

d„sb `dsktc basw zcrgcyabw kc eabdc+ e`nw `swwn `ycggcsv dc k„`dsktc &ds gnta~cb+ ds gra~`bt+ ds zra%icwwnabbck+ ds e`rn+ ctg". psc basw waeecw gcbwîw ìtrcct dc k„cbi`bt psc basw iøecw 8 w`bw z`rkcr dcw zcr%gcztnabw psn basw yncbbcbt d„`strsn+ d„`nkkcsrw+ psnw„nezawcbt ê basw as psc basw basw `zzrazrnabw+ ct psn

basw iabt dnrc `ycg `wwsr`bgc psc gcgn cwt gck`+



7:=

ps„sbtck cwt gcgn ct ps„sbtck gck`+ oncb psc basw b„`~abw`sgsbc batnab dc zw~gfakamnc+ d„îgabaenc+ dc wgncbgcw

as dc tfîakamnc &`nbwn+ kcw mcbw gakzartcbt wasycbt dcwzrazaw ps„nkw b„`wwsecbt z`w ps`bd ab kcw kcsr rczra%gfc+ wc dîicbd`bt d„`yanr yasks tcbnr gcw zrazaw 8 gcwzrazaw+ kcw zksw nezrcwwnabb`btw+ kcw zksw e`rps`btw+kcw zksw zrîmb`btw+ kcw zksw eîdn`tnwîw+ kcw zksw wtîrîa%t~zîw… wc wabt mrciiîw ê csv w`bw ps„nkw cb `ncbtzkcnbcecbt gabwgncbgc 8 dcw zrazaw gaeec dcw `gtcw+psc kcw mcbw gaeecttcbt cb wc dîicbd`bt d„`yanr yasksi`nrc gc psn kcsr cwt rczragfî+ `ycg k„nbtcbtnab psn kcsrcwt rczragfîc." Zkswncsrw rî`kntîw wc zrîwcbtcbt êbasw+ cb zcre`bcbgc" @ basw dc bc z`w basw cbicrecrd`bw k` zksw k`ndc" Lc yasw zrîwcbtc sb `wzcgt dcwgfawcw+ e`nw gc b„cwt z`w kc wcsk" Gc psc lc yasw dnw

garrcwzabd ê sbc rî`kntî+ e`nw gc b„cwt z`w k` wcskc"Gcrt`nbw `wzcgtw dc k„cvnwtcbgc rcwwartcbt wnezkcecbtzksw psc d„`strcw+ gaeec gcrt`nbw tr`ntw d„sbc zcr%wabb`kntî 8 wsny`bt dnycrw i`gtcsrw+ gablabgtsrckw aswtrsgtsrckw" Gf`psc gfawc cwt ê rczk`gcr d`bw sbgabtcvtc+ cb k„aggsrrcbgc+ nb inbc+ d`bw kc Tast"

Kc tat`knt`rnwec cwt sbc barec daenb`btc cb gc o`weabdc0?7+ d`bw kcpsck wsownwtc ‗ `rtningnckkcecbt+ ynr%tsckkcecbt+ zîbnokcecbt ‗ k` dîeagr`tnc psn zcrect k`knocrtî ‗ d„cbtrczrcbdrc+ d„nbbaycr+ dc grîcr+ dc gae%

0?7 Sbc barec nwwsc dc k` kan ocwtn`kc ds zksw iart+ dc k`psckkc

k„cwzægc `bne`kc fse`nbc cwt kanb dc w„ìtrc dîz`rtnc+ i`stc d„ìtrcrîckkcecbt fse`nbc"



7:6

ecrgcr+ d„`kkcr ct ycbnr+ dc w„cvzrnecr ‗ z`rgc ps„ckkccwt kc garakk`nrc ê gc psn zcrect ê k„aknm`rgfnc dc

w„cbrngfnr ct d„`yanr ds zasyanr" Wn k„aknm`rgfnc zasy`ntckkc%eìec wsoycbnr ê wcw ocwanbw ct ê wcw èontnabww`bw dcyanr k`nwwcr `sv iaskcw k` knocrtî d„cbtrczrcb%drc+ dc grîcr+ d„nbbaycr+ d„nbycbtcr+ d„ne`mnbcr+ d„`kkcrct ycbnr+ dc w„cvzrnecr+ ctg"+ gcw knocrtîw wcr`ncbtwszzrneîcw" G„cwt zasrpsan yaw z`~w wasw%dîyckazzîwgabwcbtcbt eanbw dc knocrtîw nbdnyndsckkcw &yaw aknm`r%gfncw lasnwwcbt ds ksvc aggndcbt`k ps„ckkcw z`ncbt êk„Aggndcbt cb yasw e`nbtcb`bt zasr wab gaeztc cb ît`tdc wasenwwnab ct d„cwgk`y`mc.+ psn dcyrabt bî`beanbwnbcvaròkcecbt ìtrc `ggardîcw zasr psc yaw z`~w zsnw%wcbt wc dîyckazzcr 8 gc ps„nkw wabt aoknmîw dc i`nrc zasrbc z`w rci`nrc k„cvzîrncbgc dc k` gakabnw`tnab 8 gc psc

bc wabt z`w aoknmîw dc i`nrc gcsv psn wabt wasw k`gaszc dcw bîa%gakabn`knwtcw" G„cwt `swwn zasrpsan kcwzwcsda dîeagr`tncw dnwz`r`nwwcbt dc k„Aggndcbt zasr`zz`r`âtrc d`bw yaw z`~w+ psn rî`knwcbt d„`nkkcsrw k`zrascwwc d„ìtrc eanwnw d`bw k` wîgfcrcwwc < z`rgc psckcw zsnww`bgcw aggsktcw abt inbn dc wsgcr kc w`bm dcw

z`~w aggndcbt`sv+ ct ps„ckkcw w„`zzrìtcbt ê wsgcr gcksndcw z`~w cb dîyckazzcecbt ‗ rngfcecbt zasrysw cbe`tnærcw zrcenærcw ‗ &kê aþ wcrabt dabg kag`knwîcw kcwnbdswtrncw+ gaeec l`dnw+ cb Csrazc+ kcw swnbcw ît`ncbtkag`knwîcw wsr kcw kncsv d„cvtr`gtnab dcw e`tnærcw zrc%enærcw.+ psn yabt ìtrc `knîbîw z`r k„cbdcttcecbt &zksw

psc dîlê+ l„cbtcbdw."



7:>

E`nw+ zsnwps„nk cwt dc oab tab dc e`bnicwtcr+ lswps„ê k`y`bntî+ k„`rram`bgc ct k„cworasic+ k„cwzrnt èîrng`nb dc

k` gabin`bgc cb wan+ cb wab `ycbnr ct cb wab dcwtnbdnynb+ kcw Ir`bí`nw yabt zasyanr zrasycr ps„nkw wabtg`zòkcw dc i`nrc psckpsc gfawc dc kcsr ync ct dc kcsrz`~w w`bw zcrwabbc zasr kcsr tcbnr k` e`nb+ w`bw inb`b%gncrw nbtcrb`tnab`sv zasr kcsr iòrnpscr dc k` rngfcwwc`rtningnckkcecbt+ w`bw mr`bdcw iènkkcw aknm`rgfnpscwzasr kcw msndcr" Ct w„nkw z`ryncbbcbt ê oïtnr sbc Ir`bgcrngfc ct zrawzærc+ ps„nkw w`gfcbt d„arcw ct dîlê psc kcwyèznrcw rcyncbdrabt w„nbinktrcr cb Ir`bgc zasr wsgcrtastc k` rngfcwwc zradsntc+ `swwn wørcecbt psc kcwy`gfcw orastcbt k„fcroc mr`wwc ct psc kcw easwtnpscwwsgcbt kc w`bm dcw y`gfcw mr`wwcw"Bc yasw i`ntcw dabg z`w d„nkkswnab+ e`nw w`gfc| `zzrî%

gncr gc psn yasw wcr` zcrenw" Lc dnr`nw eìec encsv <yasw wcrc| aoknmîw d„`zzrîgncr kc tast as kc zcs psnyasw wcr` dabbî d„`zzrîgncr+ wasw zcnbc dc inbnr wsngn%d`nrc 8 g`r g„cwt e`bnicwtcecbt gc ê psan wcrt k` dîkn%r`btc e`wg`r`dc dc k` ync tcrrcwtrc < ê îy`kscr kcwg`z`gntîw dc rîwnwt`bgc dcw fse`nbw zk`gîw d`bw dcw

`wnkcw zw~gfn`trnpscw+ cb `~`bt zasr wcskc îy`wnab psck%pscw zw~gfatrazcw ct psckpscw dnwtr`gtnabw" W`gfc|`zzrîgncr kc ¨ wîlasr dc rìyc ¸ ps„ab yasw aiirc cbIr`bgc+ eìec wn oncb dcw gfawcw yasw rcwtcrabw cbtr`ycrw dc k` marmc 8 g`r+ w`si ê b„ìtrc ps„sb zsr ctz`ri`nt zradsnt dc k` wagnîtî d`bw k`psckkc yasw ynyc|+

gf`bmc`bt dc maøt ct dc dîwnr `s mrî dcw eadcw ct dcw



70:

gasr`btw daenb`btw+ wn yasw `yc| sbc zcrwabb`kntî psnyasw cwt zrazrc+ bskkc z`rt yasw bc trasycrc| gc psn

zasrr`nt z`ri`ntcecbt yasw gabycbnr" D„`st`bt psc+ kêaþ lc yasw `n dnt+ yasw wcrc| gcrt`nbcecbt rcísw z`r sbdcw yôtrcw+ psn ` i`nt wab tras ct psn yasw cvzknpscr`gaeecbt i`nrc kc yôtrc 8 gc b„cwt z`w oncb gaezknpsî+g„cwt sbc ycrwnab zrawtntstnabbckkc ds grcda `bne`kdspsck dîgaskc kc grcda onoknpsc zawt%zrîfnwtarnpsc¨ ts fabarcr`w tab zærc ct t` eærc + psn dcyncbt ¨ tsfabarcr`w k` wadaenc ct k` ickk`tnab ¸"Ab bc yasw ecttr` z`w neeîdn`tcecbt `s gf`roab" Abyasw icr` e`rnbcr psckpsc tcezw+ cb yasw tr`nt`btgaeec dcw cbi`btw d`bw sb |aa+ zasr psc kcw `bne`svwc rcbnikcbt kc gsk0?4 ct wc iènkn`rnwcbt kcw sbw `ycgkcw `strcw" Ab `zzckkcr` í` ¨ `tckncr dîgasycrtc dc

0?4 Kcw `bne`sv fse`nbw bc wc rcbnikcbt z`w knttîr`kcecbt kcgka`psc+ nkw wc oasrrcbt+ `ycg kcw r`matw+ k` tìtc psn kcsr wcrt dcinab" Nkw b„cvfnocbt z`w kcsrw arm`bcw mîbnt`sv zasr wc wasecttrc`sv zksw nezaw`btw+ nkw wc r`gabtcbt kcsrw `ycbtsrcw wcvsckkcwzasr w„nezrcwwnabbcr estsckkcecbt 8 i`nw`bt ît`k`mc dc kcsr knondact dc kcsr zcriare`bgc wcvsckkc zasr wswgntcr kc rcwzcgt ct k`

zrawtcrb`tnab" Kc zctnt gfci dc ecstc b„cwt z`w iargîecbt gcksnpsn mrambc kc zksw iart as gcksn psn t`zc kc zksw iart wsr w` g`mctfar`gnpsc+ g„cwt gcksn psn nezrcwwnabbc kc zksw `ycg kcw g`z`gntîwîrcgtnkc dc w` znbc" G„cwt gcksn psn nezawc+ ê psngabpsc zîbætrcd`bw gc ps„nk gabwndærc gaeec wab tcrrntanrc+ dc eabtrcr wab `bswct dc kcycr k` pscsc cb ksn kîgf`bt kcw zncdw+ as+ d`bw k` iarecfse`nbc+ cb dîgknb`bt wab ndcbtntî+ cb cvzaw`bt wab z`wwî+ w` ync

nbtnec ct w` wcvs`kntî &cb eabtr`bt z`ttc ok`bgfc+ ds zanbt dcysc ds zctnt gfci `sta%zraes."



700

k„@strc ¸+ ¨ i`yarnwcr k` gafîwnab dc mraszc ¸+ ¨ nbw%t`srcr sb cwzrnt dc garzw ¸ < ¨ Ecwdècw+ ecwwncsrw !

Ycbc| z`r ngn+ b„`~c| z`w zcsr ! Yasw ìtcw ngn+ yasw cbyaskc|+ `karw lc yasw cb ectw ! Asyrc| oncb yaw ~csv !Cb yangn sbc+ ct `ycg í` lc yasw cb ectw sbc `strc… ctsbc tranwnæec" G„cwt dîlê sb oc`s g`dc`s psc lc yaswi`nw kê+ e`nw ps`bd ab `nec ab bc gaeztc z`w" Ct ean lcyasw `nec ! @karw cb yangn… sbc dc zksw ! Zasr yasw+z`rgc psc g„cwt yasw" @nkkcsrw+ ab yasw zrazawc sb}cch%cbd d„nbtîmr`tnab+ `s encsv sbc wce`nbc" Z`wzksw ! @ycg ean+ gc b„cwt z`w dcsv wce`nbcw+ bn eìectranw wce`nbcw+ e`nw ps`trc wce`nbcw ! Lc yasw aiircsb eanw ! Sb eanw z`rgc psc g„cwt yasw" G„cwt oc`sgaszct g„cwt zcs+ e`nw í` zasrr`nt zksw wn g„ît`nt znrc 8z`rgc psc yasw ìtcw gnynknwîw+ b„cwt%gc z`w 1 `karw nk bc

i`st ps„sb eanw zasr yasw `zzrnyanwcr &gaeec kcwenagfcw d`bw sbc grægfc+ ab ycst w„`wwsrcr psc yaswìtcw zrazrcw 8 psc yasw w`yc| gfncr kê aþ yasw dnt dci`nrc+ d`bw sbc gasgfc as d`bw sb zat." Sb eanwgaezkct zasr yasw rcbnikcr+ yasw tasgfcr+ yasw kîgfcr+yasw îzasnkkcr+ yasw rckspscr" Sb eanw zasr w`yanr psn

wsgcr ct psn wadaenwcr 8 sb eanw zasr w`yanr psn wcr` kcdaenb`bt+ psn wcr` kc wasenw" Ckkc cwt z`w ockkc+ gfc|ean+ k` ync 1! E`nw gc b„cwt z`w tast ! Ngn+ wce`nbc `zræwwce`nbc+ ab rcecttr` í` 8 `zîrntni `zræw `zîrntni+wartnc `zræw wartnc+ dnwtr`gtnab `zræw dnwtr`gtnab !@kkc| ! Wnmbc|" ¸ E`nw `ttcbtnab ê k„`knbî` < wn yasw bc

wszzartc| z`w kc tr`ntcecbt ct psc yasw psnttc|



70?

k„cbdrant cb gasrw dc rastc+ yasw dcyrc| rceoasrwcrkcw waeecw zcríscw+ wnbab ê yasw kcw gfcycsv ok`bgw"

Ab yasw icr` gc psc yasw i`ntcw ê yaw cbi`btw < sbczrazawntnab dc ornm`bdw" Yasw w`yc|+ gckkc%kê eìec pscyasw i`ntcw karwpsc yasw icnmbc| dc dce`bdcr ê yawenagfcw w„nkw ycskcbt ìtrc wcvsckkcecbt estnkîw+ tastcb iarí`bt wasrbanwcecbt kcsr gabwcbtcecbt 8 cb`mnt`bt kc wzcgtrc ds dîwfabbcsr iènkn`k+ cb kcsrectt`bt k` zrcwwnab ds mraszc `spsck yasw kcw knyrc|`ycg k` wcbtcbgc eastabbnærc iîtngfc ds ¨ tast kceabdc kc i`nt ¸+ cb `wwsr`bt ps„sbc iìtc wcr` arm`bnwîczasr k„agg`wnab+ ê k`psckkc tast kc eabdc z`rtngnzcr`…e`nw cb i`nt dc zrazawntnab+ g„cwt sbc aoknm`tnab" G„cwtdc k` wasenwwnab yakabt`nrc" Í` e`rgfc gaeec í` `swwn+cb dîeagr`tnc onoknpsc"

Ps`bd kcw òswcsrw abt zrazawî `sv Csrazîcbw d„`g%gcztcr as dc rclctcr k` Gabwtntstnab dc k„Csrazc+ kcwgaezkatcsrw abt icnbt dc kcsr dce`bdcr kcsr `ynw+ e`nwkarwpsc kcw `denbnwtrîw abt gaeecbgî ê e`bnicwtcrkcsr azzawntnab+ ¨ ab ¸ w„cwt eabtrî ecb`í`bt+ ct¨ ab ¸ ` rîntîrî k` ¨ zrazawntnab ¸ `st`bt dc ianw ps„nk `

i`kks zasr k` i`nrc cbtcbdrc gaeec nk gabycb`nt `svgaezkatcsrw 8 k` wsntc+ ab k` gabb`ât" Kcw zakntnpscwr`gabtcbt b„nezartc psan `sv `denbnwtrîw cb zrîtcb%d`bt i`nrc gc ps„nk i`st zasr psc dc kcsrw `mnwwcecbtwdîgaskc gc ps„nk ~ ` dc encsv+ gck`+ zkstôt psc dc wczrîwcbtcr wasw dcw tr`ntw zcs ik`ttcsrw" @nbwn `mnw%

wcbt+ `ycg kcsrw zramîbntsrcw+ k` zksz`rt dcw mîbntcsrw"



707

Cf oncb+ d`bw k` ynkkc dcw eìncsv+ ab zragædc `swwn`nbwn"

¨ Ab ¸ yasw ¨ zrazawcr` ¸ ¨ sb rcwta ¸ &k` wî`bgc dcm`y`mc zasr zrîz`rcr k` wî`bgc dc drcww`mc.+ e`nw wnyasw rciswc|+ yasw cbtcbdrc| w„nbdnmbcr k„`zzrcbtneìnawa garwc+ îmagcbtrnpsc or`w drant dc yatrc`b`kamsc < ¨ Lc gaezrcbdw z`w ean ! Tast kc eabdcyncbt" ^„` psc yasw psn ycbc| z`w &ec tcbnr gaez`mbncct yasw gabiarecr ê gc psn ec zk`nt+ ê gc psn zcstrcbdrc ecw lasrbîcw `mrîòkcw+ cb ec zcrectt`bt dc lascr kc gfci dc trnos psn ` tast kc eabdc ê wcw zncdw. !Yasw yasw ìtcw gabgcrtîw as psan 10?3 Lc gaezrcbdwz`w ean ! ¸ 8 kcw `strcw+ kènbîw ps`trc eanw dsr`bt+abt zrnw kc zkn nezawî z`r kc zwcsda eìnawa nbwsk`nrc

0?3 Gcksn%kê eìec psn w„cwt gabgcrtî `ycg kcw `strcw+ zasr w„cb%tcbdrc cbtrc csv ‗ wsr kc tcrr`nb d„cbtcbtc `gpsnw z`r `y`bgc dcw`kgaaknpscw iìt`rdw ct dc wsnynwtcw wasenw ‗+ wc ect ê rczragfcrkc zrnbgnzc d„sbc gabgcrt`tnab zrnyîc wsr kc daw dcw `strcw ! Gcksn%kê eìec gaezkatc waszíabbc ct `ggswc kcw `strcw dc gaezkatcr+cb kcsr i`nw`bt sbc w`kc rîzst`tnab dc gaezkatcsrw ! I`ntcw gc psc lc yasw dnw+ z`w gc psc lc i`nw" Lc ec rîwcryc kc drant dc i`nrc

gaeec oab ec wceokc+ gaeec lc ec rîwcryc kc drant dcrczragfcr `sv `strcw gc psn bc ec wceokc z`w oab" Ct lc bcwszzartc z`w psc k„ab wc waswtr`nc ê eab `starntî cb iare`bt dcwzctntw mraszcw `stabaecw"G„cwt kê ps„ab dant cvzknpscr ps„nk b„~ ` z`w iargîecbt dc gaezkat+e`nw wnezkc gabycrmcbgc+ ê sb eaecbt dabbî+ cb sb kncs dabbî+ dcdnycrwcw cbtntîw psn yancbt kcw gfawcw dc k` eìec i`íab+ ct psn wc

rctrasycbt r`wwceokîcw kê aþ kcsr eìec i`íab dc yanr kcwcbtr`âbc i`t`kcecbt"



704

wsr ardrc ds rîzîtntcsr fïkî+ psn bc w„cvzawc z`w &cb¨ eabt`bt ¸ k` e`wwc gabtrc kcw rîir`gt`nrcw zasr psc

k` e`wwc i`wwc zrcwwnab wagn`kc wsr csv+ gabiareîecbt`s zragîdî dcw nbtîmrnwtcw ct dcw ornm`bdw+ psn ycskcbtrîmbcr wsr kcw garzw ct kcw cwzrntw+ kcw i`ntw ct mcwtcw+ct psn+ zasr gc i`nrc+ `mnwwcbt taslasrw cb ecstc+ zasrwasecttrc kcw nbdnyndsw ‗ knorcw+ `stabaecw+ nbdnyn%ds`knwtcw ‗ ps„nkw abt zrnw wanb dc dîy`karnwcr `sv ~csvdc tasw+ dc wtnme`tnwcr+ d„nwakcr+ dc ir`mnknwcr 8 `ycg asw`bw rîwakstnab dc k„A"B"S"0?9."&Nk bc gaezrcbd z`w+ kc e`gfa dc wcw dcsv+ kc bîa%eìnawa dc w` ecrdc 8 gaeec tasw gcsv psn ycskcbt lascr kcw eïkcw daenb`btw+ e`nw psn w„îecsycbt dc bcz`w ìtrc zartîw `s znb`gkc &í` ycst lascr kcw wt`tscwdc mr`bnt+ e`nw g„cwt dc k„`rmnkc z`w gsntc." Gc ps„nk

gaezrcbd+ g„cwt psc kc rclct dc w` zrazawntnab y`strclct dc w` zcrwabbc+ dîoaskabbcecbt dc wab `starntî+g`wtr`tnab dc w` ynrnkntî" @karw nk cwt ycvî+ wab cma cwtgfèoaskî" Psan 1! Ab awc ksn rîwnwtcr 1! Nk awgnkkccbtrc dîw`rran ct trîznmbcecbt" Kc yankê ps„nk i`nt sbg`g` bcrycsv" Nk bc ycst z`w wc k`nwwcr dîeabtcr 8 nk

dant eabtrcr psn cwt kc eïkc"

0?9 @nbwn `mnwwcbt kcw enbarntîw `mnww`btcw+ `ycg sb zakntnpsc as sb`stcsr psn awc kcsr tcbnr tìtc < nkw kcsr wsiint dc k`bgcr dnv gfncbwd„`tt`psc zasr bcstr`knwcr k„ciirabtî" E`nw nk wsiinr`nt psc gcbt

gasr`mcsv l`nkknwwcbt dc k` iaskc zasr wszzartcr k„nwakî ct rcbycr%wcr k„ardrc dcw gfawcw"



703

Z`rgc ps„nk ynt d`bw wab cma+ nk b„` z`w cbgarc dîgasycrtpsc kcw `strcw abt d„`strcw maøtw ct rîiîrcbtnckw psc

ksn+ ct ps„nkw y`kcbt kcw wncbw" Nk b„` z`w `denw gc i`ntgaeec sbc bare`kntî" @karw nk bc kc gaezrcbd z`w < wnpsckps„sb ksn dnt ¨ bab ¸+ g„cwt ps„nk ` zcst%ìtrc sbcr`nwab `swwn oabbc psc ksn dc dnrc ¨ asn ¸" Gc psc ksnrcwwcbt dc dîw`mrîòkc+ nk kc zcríant z`ri`ntcecbt+ cttast kc eabdc dcyr`nt w„cb îeasyanr ct ~ rceîdncr" Z`rgabtrc+ gc psc kcw `strcw rcwwcbtcbt ct ps„nk bc zcríantz`w+ nk kc dîd`nmbc ct nk bc lsmc z`w oab d„~ zrìtcr`ttcbtnab 8 wn ksn bc wszzartc z`w gcrt`nbw `knecbtw+ nkz`ryncbt ê gaezrcbdrc ps„nk cb want dc eìec zasr kcw`strcw+ e`nw kc rcwtc+ nk bc kc gaezrcbd z`w" Í` iabg%tnabbc gaeec í`+ sb îmagcbtrnpsc" Nk bc dastc z`wi`nrc sbc zrazawntnab cb ar ps`bd nk i`nt sbc zraza%

wntnab dc ecrdc"Ct gcksn%kê eìec psn w„cwt gabgcrtî `ycg kcw `strcw+zasr w„cbtcbdrc cbtrc csv ‗ wsr kc tcrr`nb d„cbtcbtc`gpsnw z`r `y`bgc dcw `kgaaknpscw iìt`rdw ct dcwwsnynwtcw wasenw ‗+ kc yankê ps„nk wc ect ê rczragfcr kczrnbgnzc d„sbc gabgcrt`tnab zrnyîc wsr kc daw dcw

`strcw ! Gcksn%kê eìec psn wc gabgcrtc cb wcgrct `ycgkcw `strcw rczragfc `sv `strcw dc wc gabgcrtcr cbwcgrct" Gcksn%kê eìec psn gaezkatc waszíabbc ct`ggswc kcw `strcw dc gaezkatcr+ cb kcsr i`nw`bt sbcw`kc rîzst`tnab dc gaezkatcsrw ! I`ntcw gc psc lc yaswdnw+ z`w gc psc lc i`nw" Lc ec rîwcryc kc drant dc i`nrc

gaeec oab ec wceokc+ gaeec lc ec rîwcryc kc drant



709

dc rczragfcr `sv `strcw gc psn bc ec wceokc z`w oab"Ct lc bc wszzartc z`w psc k„ab wc waswtr`nc ê eab

`starntî cb iare`bt dcw zctntw mraszcw `stabaecw".Gcksn psn bc gaezrcbd z`w+ g„cwt Iòncb Kcmnt`b garwc+dabt kc i`gnæw wcr`nt w`bw dastc zrcwpsc `swwn kasrd êzartcr psc kc yôtrc w„nk `y`nt îtî ìisokî d„sb z`tra%b~ec `swwn rîzrasyî" Wn yasw i`ntcw eabtrc d„sb wce%ok`bt dc rîwcryc+ nk zcbwcr` psc yasw ya~c| cb ksn sbMnt`b psn yasw cwt dc i`nt `btnz`tfnpsc+ e`nw wn yaswìtcw ìiòkc ct wasrn`bt+ nk zcbwcr` psc yasw ìtcwfaeaw+ as traz mcbtnkw zasr ìtrc fabbìtcw" Ycnkkc|dabg ê gabwcrycr sbc oaâtc dc gnr`mc d`bw yatrczagfc+ gck` zcst ìtrc `swwn stnkc ps„sbc oastcnkkcd„`kgaak iart ‗ zasr `wwaeecr kcw `bne`sv en%fse`nbw ‗" G`r gcksn%kê b„`nec z`w psc kcw E`mfrîonbw `mnwwcbt cb

Ir`bgc gaeec w„nkw ît`ncbt `s E`mfrco+ e`nw nk `neconcb psc kcw Garwcw `mnwwcbt cb Ir`bgc gaeec w„nkwît`ncbt cb Garwc &nk yant kcw E`mfrîonbw wszzk`btcr kcweìncsv dc wab grs+ ct nk b„`zzrîgnc z`w dc bc zkswzasyanr wc wcbtnr wsr wab tcrrntanrc+ cb iènkkc garwcrîmb`btc." Cbinb ! wcskcecbt ksn+ ct d`bw kcw knentcw ps„nk

w„nezawc" @nbwn+ nk wsmmærc ps„nk i`sdr`nt i`nrc cvzkawcrkcw e`nwabw dcw Garwcw dc Ir`bgc gaeec kcw Garwcwiabt cvzkawcr gckkcw dcw gabtnbcbt`sv nbwt`kkîw cbGarwc+ e`nw sbnpscecbt zasr eabtrcr ps„nk cwt lswtc ctîpsntòkc gaeec kc oab z`trn`rgfc rcwzcgtî dabt nkrcyìt yakabtncrw k„fònt cb gfcrgf`bt ê i`nrc k` zksnc ct

kc oc`s tcezw kê aþ nk cwt" Nk b„cezìgfc psc wab



70=

èontnab z`trn`rg`kc ksn i`nt zrîtcbdrc rîmnr k` ync dcw`strcw ê k` ksenærc dc wcw gabgcztnabw dc gfawc" Ct

yankê psckps„sb psn dîtcwtc kcw E`mfrîonbw psn abt i`ntdc k` Ockkc eîdntcrr`bîcbbc kc Gsk ecrdcsv dc kÌr`bgc+ `karw psc ksn%eìec ` sbc ecbt`kntî psn b„cwtz`w gckkc dc k` i`btagfc _îzsoknpsc dîeagr`tnpscir`bí`nwc+ e`nw gckkc dcw rîmnabw trno`kcw ds zasrtasreîdntcrr`bîcb gaeec dc k„@wnc gcbtr`kc 8 g`r kc i`ntcwt ps„nk ~ ` dcw Garwcw psn nbtnendcbt+ ecb`gcbt ‗ dcrczrîw`nkkcw ‗+ r`ghcttcbt+ wsoarbcbt kcw tîeanbw+gaeecttcbt dcw grnecw ct dcw `gtcw dc tcrrarnwec+gaeec nk ~ ` dcw @ròa%e`mfrîonbw+ dcw Nt`kncbw+ dcwIr`bí`nw+ ct tast gc psc yasw yaskc|"Gc ps„nk gaezrcbd+ ksn ct t`bt dc Ir`bí`nw+ g„cwt pscyasw bc yaskc| z`w z`rt`mcr `ycg csv gc psc yasw

`yc| 8 cb k„aggsrrcbgc yatrc `rmcbt+ gct `rmcbt pscyasw dabbc k` Ir`bgc+ kcw Ir`bí`nw" Kcsr ndîc cwt tastci`ntc < ¨ ^„cb ` psn zrcbbcbt e`nw psn dabbcbt z`w" ¸¨ ^„cb ` ¸+ cb k„aggsrrcbgc+ gc wabt gcsv psn bc ycskcbtz`w `gfctcr d„ardnb`tcsr zasr tr`y`nkkcr cb dcfarw dcwgasrw 8 wnezkcecbt z`rgc ps„nkw cwtnecbt psc gcksn ps„nkw

zawwædcbt kcsr wsiint" Gcsv psn abt dø cb `gfctcr sb l`kaswcbt gcsv psn b„abt z`w cs ê dîzcbwcr d„`rmcbtzasr kc i`nrc"Zasrpsan `gfctcr sb ardnb`tcsr `y`bt dc w`yanr wn yaswcb `yc| rîckkcecbt ocwanb 1 zsnwpsc ¨ ab ¸ yasw rcgae%e`bdcr` dc bc z`w traz cb i`nrc+ dc yasw `îrcr cb inb

dc lasrbîc gaeec cb inb dc wce`nbc 8 sbc rcgae%



706

e`bd`tnab `ycg k`psckkc baeorc dc Ir`bí`nw b„abt z`wocwanb d„ìtrc wàskîw+ zsnwps„nkw cwtnecbt ps„nkw b„abt

z`w ê tr`y`nkkcr zksw psc dsr`bt kcw fcsrcw gabtr`g%tsckkcw+ gaeec cb cbtrczrnwc" Z`rgc psc gcrt`nbw zraiw`necbt i`nrc `gfctcr dcw iasrbntsrcw psn bc wcrynrabtz`w 8 zasr i`nrc tr`y`nkkcr kcw gaeecrgcw+ zasr dabbcrk„nezrcwwnab ps„ab bc gfôec z`w `ycg csv psn gfôecbt"Z`rgc psc dcw nbdnyndsw ycskcbt ìtrc dcw gfciw zasrdnrc `sv `strcw gc ps„nkw danycbt i`nrc dc kcsr ync+ dckcsr tcezw knorc+ dc kcsr `rmcbt"Sb dcw tranw iare`tcsrw ‗ msnmbakcwpscw ‗ psn bcw`ycbt z`w rcwtcr z`w ê kcsr zk`gc dc iare`tcsrw+ ctpsn w„`dabbcbt `sv iènkn`rntîw ct `sv gaznb`mcw `ycgkcw wt`mn`nrcw ‗ ps`bd nkw bc wc eìkcbt z`w dcw nbtrn%mscw ct bc z`rtngnzcbt z`w ê sbc gò`kc bîa%eìncswc

gabtrc sb nbwasenw ‗+ wart dc k` bcstr`kntî ps„nk dcyr`nt`yanr e`nw ps„nk b„` z`w+ zasr kc i`nrc cbtcbdrc ê f`stcyanv+ cb w„`zzs~`bt wsr sb rcm`rd ps„nk îyntcr` dcrcbdrc traz nbwnwt`bt < ¨ Ab yasw dabbc dc k„`rmcbt ctcb zksw yasw ìtcw basrrnw ct kamîw" Nk i`st `gfctcr sbardnb`tcsr" Sb oab ardnb`tcsr+ g„cwt 03:: csraw" G„cwt

gc ps„nk yasw i`st zasr oncb tr`y`nkkcr" ¸Wn yasw kc gabtr`rnc|+ ksn ct kcw `strcw+ yasw z`wwcrc|zasr dcw t~zcw psn abt sb zraokæec `ycg k„`starntî+ psnbc w`ycbt z`w w„nbtîmrcr d`bw sb mraszc+ ctg" Zasr kcsrzk`nrc+ yasw dcyc| ìtrc sb ikèocsr ct kcsr i`nrczraintcr dc yaw trasw ‗ `sv e`nbw ‗" E`nw k` rî`kntî+

psckkc cwt%ckkc 1



70>

K` rî`kntî+ g„cwt psc gc wabt dcw zctntw e`gfaw wsr kcrctasr+ psn abt rcezk`gî k„cvfnontnab zrîtcbtncswc dc

kcsrw eswgkcw ct dc kcsrw arm`bcw mîbnt`sv z`r k„cvza%wî dc kcsrw `ycbtsrcw ct zcriare`bgcw wcvsckkcw+ dc k`zsnww`bgc dc kcsr yantsrc ct dc kcsr ardnb`tcsr" K`rî`kntî+ g„cwt ps„nkw bc iabt z`w mr`bd%gfawc dc kcsrontc+ wn gc b„cwt tasnkkcr dc k` eîk`wwc+ gaeec dcwmènbw kc k`nt gabgcbtrî d„sb ocrknbmat" K` rî`kntî+ g„cwtps„nkw bc iabt z`w mr`bd%gfawc dc kcsr wszcr ardnb`%tcsr+ wn gc b„cwt îz`tcr k` m`kcrnc `ycg gc psn cwt grîîz`r d„`strcw" K` rî`kntî+ g„cwt ps„nkw bc iabt z`w mr`bd%gfawc dc kcsr wszcr yantsrc wszcr eatarnwîc 8 wn gcb„cwt ksn dabbcr dcw gaszw d„`ggîkîr`tcsr wsr sb z`r%hnbm+ ct asyrnr kc g`zat zasr îz`tcr kcw ok`nrc`sv cbeabtr`bt kcsr mrawwc ontc g~knbdrîc" K` rî`kntî+ g„cwt

psc gcrt`nbw iare`tcsrw dce`bdcbt dcw ardnb`tcsrwct dcw kamngnckw rîgcbtw `s dnrcgtcsr zasr i`nrc granrcps„nkw zrazawcbt sbc iare`tnab dc ps`kntî ê k` zanbtc dck„nbbay`tnab+ `karw ps„ckkc cwt îkîecbt`nrc ct dc o`wbnyc`s &zwcsda bnyc`s NY e`vn+ z`r cvcezkc. 8 ctz`rianw `wwsrîc z`r dcw zcrwabbcw psn bc gabb`nwwcbt

rncb ê gc ps„nkw wabt gcbwîw cbwcnmbcr+ wnezkcecbtz`rgc ps„nkw wabt wsrtast gcbwîw ìtrc dcw wsrycnkk`btw+psn `zzrcbdrabt wsr kc t`w kc zcs ps„ab kcsr dce`bdcdc gabb`âtrc" K` rî`kntî+ g„cwt ps„sb îpsnzcecbt rîgcbtcwt nbstnkc zasr w„nbntncr `sv kamngnckw dc osrc`stnpsc asd„nbiamr`zfnc+ z`r cvcezkc" K` rî`kntî+ g„cwt ps„sb

Zcbtnse 0 g`dcbgî ê 0:: Ef| ct datî dc 94 Ea dc



7?:

eîeanrc dc tr`y`nk wsiint zasr `zzrcbdrc kcw o`wcw dck` zramrèe`tnab+ dc k` osrc`stnpsc+ dc k„nbiamr`zfnc 8

zasr w„cb gaby`nbgrc+ nk wsiint dc yanr kcw tr`y`svnbiamr`zfnpscw as wgncbtninpscw ciicgtsîw nk ~ ` dnv`bw+ `ycg sbc tckkc gabinmsr`tnab" Gcrtcw+ kcw kamngnckwrîgcbtw bc iabgtnabbcbt z`w wsr gcttc e`gfnbc+ e`nwgcsv dc k„`b ?:::%?::3 iabgtnabbcbt z`ri`ntcecbt ctwsiinwcbt" K` rî`kntî+ g„cwt ps„nk cwt dcw Gcbtrcw dciare`tnab gaeec dcw Enbnwtærcw < g„cwt ê gcksn psn`sr` kc zksw mraw osdmct+ kc zksw mraw îpsnzcecbt+ kczksw mraw ciicgtni+ eìec wn tast gck` cwt wsrdnecb%wnabbî 8 zasr bc z`w wc wcbtnr z`rcbt z`syrc+ zasrîz`tcr w` iceec+ w` iènkkc+ wcw gabb`nww`bgcw+ wcwgakkæmscw… wab cma" E`nw gck`+ nk bc i`st z`w kc kcsrdnrc+ z`rgc ps„`strcecbt yasw wcrnc| e`k ysw d„csv+ ct

nkw yasw icrabt e`k yanr dc tasw &kcw gfncbw psn òancbtps`bd nkw cbtcbdcbt sb gfncb òa~cr+ z`rgc ps„nkw w`s%tcbt wsr gf`psc agg`wnab psn w„aiirc ê csv dc o`ycr+d„òa~cr ct dc eardrc+ z`rgc psc gc wabt dcw gfncbwd„`zz`rcbgc fse`nbc."¨ Dc tastc i`íab+ yasw ìtcw dîlê e`k ysw" ¸ @f oab 1

Nkw yncbbcbt d„`rrnycr+ ct nkw wabt dîlê e`k ysw 1 &@ycggc psc yasw `yc| dîlê gr`gfî+ iargîecbt". K„îrcgtnabds wcvc yndc kc gcryc`s dc wab w`bm+ e`nw kc Gsk dc kÌr`bgc wtneskc kcw bcsrabcw+ ab dnr`nt 8 ê eanbw psc gcbc want k„`kgaak ct kcw dramscw" Nkw abt k„cwzrnt yni+ d`bwkc Wsd 8 nkw abt tckkcecbt k„fòntsdc d„ìtrc wsr kcsr

m`rdc+ csv kcw e`masnkkcsrw ct kcw trìnps`btw psn



7?0

ynycbt d`bw sbc rîwcryc dc zrîd`tcsrw… nkw dcyr`ncbtwc dce`bdcr gc ps„csv abt d„`zzrîgnòkc+ bab z`w ê

kcsrw zrazrcw ~csv+ e`nw `sv ~csv d„`strsn+ csv psn wcgrancbt fònkntîw ê dnrc psn cwt ê `zzrîgncr dc tasw ctpsn cwt ê dîtcwtcr dc tasw… csv psn danycbt wîdsnrc ct`gfctcr kcw mcbw ‗ `gfctòkcw ‗ `ycg dc k„`kgaak ct dcwrcz`w+ kcw iargcr ct kcw ecb`gcr+ zasr ps„nkw d`nmbcbtz`wwcr ds tcezw cb kcsr gaez`mbnc+ ìnb dc k` kcsrtcbnr0?=… csv psn w`ycbt ìtrc træw e`k ysw dc gcsv psnbc wabt z`w dc gfc| csv 8 ct dc wc dce`bdcr wn bc z`wìtrc oncb ys dc t~zcw gaeec csv cwt sbc e`sy`nwc aszkstôt sbc oabbc gfawc0?6" Cb tranw lasrw+ nkw abt dîlêgcrbî+ lsmî+ gabdèbî kcw mcbw" Cbinb ! gcsv psn iabt

0?=

Ab bc z`rkcr` eìec z`w dc tast gc psc iabt kcw mcbw zasr ìtrcwîdsnw`btw+ cezka~òkcw+ `neîw+ gfa~îw+ ik`ttîw+ `darîw+ cbtasrîw+e`rnîw… tasw kcw `rtningcw ps„nkw dîzkancbt+ tasw kcw ciiartw ps„nkwiabt+ tast kc tcezw ps„nkw gabw`grcbt+ tastc k` rngfcwwc `zz`rcbtcps„nkw cezkancbt ê ît`kcr… zasr `ttnrcr kcw rcm`rdw+ zk`nrc+ îz`tcr"0?6 Z`r sb eîg`bnwec îmatnpsc zrnentni+ kc zwcsda%eìnawa rcbyanck„` zrnarn bîm`tni dabt nk w`nt i`nrc k„aolct ê k` i`gc dc gcsv ps„nkwwaszíabbcbt d„`yanr sb ` zrnarn bîm`tni wsr kcw mcbw ds Wsd+ z`r%

tngsknærcecbt wsr gcksn psn rcwwceokc ê sb Mnt`b 8 g`r g„cwt k`wcskc cvzkng`tnab ps„nk trasyc `s rcisw dc ycbnr kîgfcr dcw gas%ycrtw `ycg ksn &gc psn rcyncbt+ zasr k„cwzrnt zrnentni+ ê wc y`strcrwcvsckkcecbt cbwceokc 8 g`r wc basrrnr rckæyc dc k„nbtnentî zasrk„cwzrnt zsrnt`nb+ g`r gct `gtc rîyækc k„nbtîrncsr ds garzw+ ct k`k`ndcsr `bne`kc ds w~wtæec dnmcwtni+ cb k„aggsrrcbgc dc k` oasgfcpsn rîdsnt kcw `knecbtw+ zksw as eanbw `ttr`~`btw as oncb zrîwcb%

tîw+ cb oasnkknc zksw as eanbw dîmaøt`btc 8 rîyîk`bt `nbwn gc ps„cwtrîckkcecbt k„cwzægc en%fse`nbc."



7??

kcsr ync+ gcsv &nbdnynds`knwtcw. psn b„abt e`bnicwtcecbtz`w k„`ttntsdc wsnynwtc ct wasenwc dcw oabw zctntw îkcg%

tcsrw `sv ardrcw+ gcsv psn bc zrìtcbt z`w `ttcbtnab `straszc`s gabwtntsî+ gcsv psn bc gfcrgfcbt z`w êndcbtnincr ct kîgfcr kcw zncdw ds gfci dc ecstc zasroîbîingncr dc w` zratcgtnab 8 gcsv psn b„fòntcbt z`w k`mr`bdc ynkkc+ ct psn bc wabt dabg z`w iare`tîw z`r k` kands Enkncs 8 gcsv dabt w„èswcbt dabg gcsv psn lascbtkcw dsrw `s z`rise+ gaeec w„`mnww`bt dc zæpscbatw psntaeocbt dcw bscw+ `karw psc csv%eìecw+ kcw zàbwcez`nkkîw+ wabt gaeeatnabbîw z`rgc ps„ab bc kcsr e`bn%icwtc z`w cvzkngntcecbt dcw wnmbcw dc wasenwwnab ctd„èntnî &g„cwt kê kc mcbrc dc t~zcw psn wc wcbtcbtg`wtrîw z`r kcw iceecw îe`bgnzîcw+ as znrc+ iîen%bnwtcw."

Nkw wartcbt d„aþ+ gcsv%kê 1! Gaeecbt awcbt%nkw bc z`wycbnr wc zrawtcrbcr dcy`bt ean !1 Nkw bc gabb`nwwcbtz`w kcw sw`mcw ds Gsk+ as psan 1 A`f ! Kcw kanw trno`kcwpsn rîmnwwcbt kcw _`tw dcw ynkkcw ct kcw _`tw dcwgfèzw… nkw w`ycbt z`w gc psc g„cwt 1 Nkw wabt gaeecgc tasrnwtc psn rciswc dc dabbcr dc k„`rmcbt `sv

Mnt`bcw psn tcbdcbt k` e`nb d`bw psckpsc ynkk`mc o`k%bî`nrc dc kcsr îkcgtnab+ ct psn+ `s zrîtcvtc dc b„`yanrz`w `yanr dc eabb`nc+ w„cbtcbd dnrc < ¨ Lc tc i`nw dc kèabb`nc" ¸ Ct ps`bd k` Mnt`bc nbwnwtc cb dîont`bt w`rcbm`nbc fsnkcswc dc k` Yncrmc E`rnc ct dc tast kcoardck psn y` `ycg+ ckkc inbnt z`r w„aiiswpscr < nk i`st

dabbcr `sv Mnt`bcw" ¨ Ts w`nw z`w psc g„cwt sbc tr`%



7?7

dntnab 1 ¸ Kc tasrnwtc w„cb eapsc+ dc k` tr`dntnab+ gcb„cwt z`w k` wncbbc+ ct nk b„cwt z`w gra~`bt+ ct gc ynkk`mc

tasrnwtnpsc b„cwt z`w k` zrazrnîtî gaeecrgn`kc dcwMnt`bw+ ct nk bc zrîwcbtc `sgsb nbtîrìt 8 nk b„cwt ps„sbèabgckkcecbt dc e`nwabw tr`bwiareîcw cb gaeecr%gcw azzartsbnwtcw &wn kcw Mnt`bcw danycbt ìtrc mr`tn%inîcw zasr kcsr zrîwcbgc z`rgc ps„ckkcw gabtrnoscbt `siakhkarc kag`k zrazngc `s gaeecrgc+ g„cwt `sv gaeecr%í`btw dc kcw mr`tnincr."G„cwt kc t~zc eìec dc rcm`rd zksw as eanbw dîzntî+f`nbcsv+ gabwtcrbî+ psn l`nkknt wzabt`bîecbt ds rcm`rddcw y`bntcswcw ct èontncswcw ¨ iargcw dc ycbtc ¸+ psnbc wszzartcbt z`w d„ìtrc oaswgskîcw z`r gcsv ps„ckkcwzrcbbcbt ds f`st dc kcsr îk`b zrîd`tcsr+ oattîcw farwdc kcsr znîdcwt`k z`r sb zk`gndc oabfaeec+ dîtasrbîcw

dc kcsr `yndc gfcenb z`r gcksn psn kcsr `zz`r`nww`ntgaeec sb mama ê gsnwnbcr ct dîyarcr wsr zk`gc e`nw psnw„`yærc ìtrc sb îycnkkî `ycrtn kcsr rcbya~`bt ê k` inmsrck` ynkcbnc dc kcsrw zragîdîw ct dc kcsrw `rmsecbtw dcycbtc" ¨ Gaeecbt awc%t%nk ! ¸ zcbwcbt gcsv psn eîzrn%wcbt mr`bdcecbt gcsv psn kcsr iabt w`yanr gaeoncb csv

wabt eîzrnwòkcw" @ gck` wc rîwsec kc r`zzart cbtrcgcsv d„cb f`st ct gcsv d„cb o`w+ cbtrc `stagftabcw ctneenmrîw+ cbtrc faeecw ct iceecw"Nk bc yncbt z`w ê k„cwzrnt dc gcsv psn bc irîpscbtcbtpsc dcw ¨ gaeec basw ¸ ‗ iìt`rdw ‗ psc psckps„sbzsnwwc `yanr dcw r`nwabw ‗ `strcw psc kcw kcsrw ‗ dc bc

z`w yaskanr `kkcr `s rcwt`sr`bt ‗ t`bdnw ps„nk wc trasyc



7?4

cb sb kncs zasr+ `s zksw yntc+ wc iarecr ct rctrasycr sbcezkan 8 z`r cvcezkc+ z`rgc ps„nk wasiirc d„`kkcrmncw

`knecbt`nrcw+ as cbgarc z`rgc ps„nk ` yîgs sb drècd`bw sb tck îtòknwwcecbt" Nk b„` z`w kc drant d„`yanr wcwr`nwabw zcrwabbckkcw zasr gcsv psn b„abt zasr r`nwabw ‗d„ìtrc+ d„`yanr ct dc i`nrc ‗ psc kcw r`nwabw dc k`gakkcgtnyntî as dcw zrcwgrnztcsrw d„aznbnabw gaeec kcwzsokngnt`nrcw… Nk cwt waeeî dc wc lswtnincr ! dc wcdîyankcr… dc wc i`nrc gnrgabgnrc wsr k` zk`gc zsoknpsc"Z`rgc ps„nk i`st dnrc ps„`strcecbt kcw z`syrcw zctntwîmagcbtrnpscw trno`sv wc wcbtcbt rclctîw ct eîzrnwîw"Yasw bc yaskc| z`w z`rt`mcr yatrc ync zrnyîc `ycgb„nezartc psn+ ct nkw bc k„`decttcbt z`w 8 nkw bc wabt z`wb„nezartc psn+ fcnb ! `ttcbtnab" Kê aþ csv wabt+ tast kceabdc dant ìtrc ct i`nrc… gaeec csv"

_czîrc|%yasw oncb kc wgfîe` ecbt`k dcw Ir`bí`nw trn%o`knwtcw < nkw wabt gfc| csv+ nkw wc gabwndærcbt dîzawn%t`nrcw d„sb zasyanr dnwgrîtnabb`nrc ct rîm`kncb+ d„sbzasyanr dc das`bc+ d„sb zasyanr dc zakngc ct dc lswtngc"Yasw bc zasyc| z`w kcsr tasrbcr kc daw+ yasw bc zasyc|z`w bc z`w `yanr cbync dc z`rkcr `ycg csv z`rgc psc kcw

pscwtnabw ps„nkw b„abt dc gcwwc dc yasw zawcr bc wabtz`w èng`kcw+ e`nw nbpsnwntrngcw+ iasrocw ct tr`âtrcw dcwsrgraât" Ckkcw kcsr zcrecttcbt dc bascr sb kncb `stasrdc yasw+ `ycg tast gc ps„nkw `zzrcbdrabt dc yasw+ zasrzasyanr yasw tcbnr cb k`nwwc+ as yasw zk`btcr dcwgastc`sv d`bw kc daw" Yasw bc zasyc| z`w rciswcr gck`+

dc lascr kcsr lcs+ dc i`nrc gc ps„nkw ycskcbt+ ps`bd nkw



7?3

ycskcbt+ gaeec nkw ycskcbt" G`r gck` rcyncbt ê rciswcrdc yasw ecttrc d`bw k` zawntnab dc k` kcyrcttc dcy`bt

csv+ gc psn îpsny`st ê kcsr cbkcycr kc rôkc ynrnk+ `strc%ecbt dnt kcsr `ttrnost ynrnk" Nkw wc wcbtcbt wszîrncsrw êyasw" Nkw bc wszzartcbt z`w psc yasw bc yasw gaezar%tnc| z`w cb nbiîrncsrw+ cb wasenw dagnkcw ct aoînww`btw"@strcecbt nkw dnrabt psc yasw ìtcw dcw zrîd`tcsrw ctpsc yasw kcw eîzrnwc| gaeec yasw%eìecw dntcw w`bw`rrìt < ¨ _cwzcgt ! ¸ Zasr yasw gaeec zasr csv+ gcttczrîtcbtnab `s wan%dnw`bt rcwzcgt wnmbninc cb rî`kntî sbcyakabtî dc wasenwwnab dc k„`strc" Yasw dntcw ¨ rcwzcg%tc|%ean ct e` gsktsrc ¸ zasr dnrc ¨ wasecttc|%yasw êean ct ê e` rcknmnab ¸+ tast `s eanbw ¨ `wwnenkc|%ean+ean ct e` rcknmnab+ zasr dcycbnr gaeec ean+ cb eŗsrw+cb gsktsrc+ cb ecbt`kntî ¸" G`r cbtrc kcw nbdnyndsw+

gaeec cbtrc kcw mraszcw d„nbdnyndsw+ gaeec cbtrc kcwwcvcw+ kcw ctfbncw ct kcw b`tnabw+ nk wc dîraskc cbzcre`bcbgc dcw mscrrcw zw~gfakamnpscw < g„cwt ê gcksnpsn wc icr` sbc zksw f`stc ne`mc dc wan psc k„@strc+ìnb d„`yanr k„`nr `wwc| wszîrncsr zasr nezrcwwnabbcr ctwasecttrc k„`strc" @karw tast kc eabdc zcbwc < ¨ G„cwt

eab drant" Lc wsnw d`bw eab drant" G„cwt ean psn `nr`nwab" Tast e„cwt dø" G„cwt `sv `strcw dc wc zkncr êean" ¸Kc bîa%eìnawa trno`k dnt ¨ ab ‗ arm`bnwc sbc wartnc `srcwt`sr`bt ‗ ¸" Gck` dcyr`nt dîgkcbgfcr sbc rî`gtnabrîikcvc gfc| kcw wasenw < ¨ Wn g„cwt /ab/+ lc danw dnrc

/asn/ ¸" Wnbab k` rî`gtnab ds zrnentni bc wc i`nt z`w



7?9

`ttcbdrc < ¨ Psan 1! Nk ` dnt bab 1! E`nw `karw+ g„cwt z`wsb wasenw ! Nk b„cwt z`w rîmn z`r k„Ardrc onoknpsc 8 nk b„`

z`w îtî i`nt zrnwabbncr+ d`bw kcw g`mcw ds e`rn`mc+ dcwrcknmnabw+ dcw eîdn`w dc e`wwc+ dcw cbtrczrnwcw+ dsyanwnb`mc+ dcw rck`tnabw… G„cwt sb wszzôt dc W`t`b" @swcgasrw+ nk ec i`nt zcsr ! Lc danw ec dîicbdrc+ lc wsnwsbc yngtnec 8 nk e„îe`wgskc" Nk i`st psc lc k„`mrcwwc" Lcwsnw cb kîmntnec dîicbwc ! ¸Gcksn%kê &psn ycst+ z`rtast aþ nk wc trasyc+ ìtrc gaeecd`bw sbc trnos+ `ycg ksn gaeec gfci zasr wc i`nrcwcrynr kc occiwtc`h. bc gaezrcbd z`w gc psn wc z`wwc+ct nk b„`dect z`w psc wcw ingckkcw eìncswcw bc zradsn%wcbt z`w k„ciict cwgaeztî+ fòntsck gfc| kcw zrîgabdn%tnabbîw `sv fnwtanrcw dc eìncsv ct dc tcrrarnwtcwgarwcw" @karw nk gfcrgfc ê gaezrcbdrc" Ct `swwntôt nk

zcbwcr` `yanr gaezrnw < g„cwt gcksn%kê psn ` dc k`rîz`rtnc psn cwt rcwzabwòkc dc wab dîw`rran" G„cwt ksn+g„cwt yasw+ psn `yc| tasrbî k` tìtc `s eabt`mb`rd+ ps„nkwgfcrgfcrabt ê rècbcr d`bw kc mnrab ctfbnpsc+b`tnab`k+ zasr ìi`noknr kc wnbmskncr îtr`bmcr &as eìeccww`~cr dc kc dîw`recr+ cb ksn `wwîb`bt sb wcreab

zwcsda rîzsokng`nb. 8 yasw+ psn wcrc| eìec waszíabbîwdc gfcrgfcr ê gabycrtnr kc Ir`bí`nw ê psckpsc rcknmnabcvatnpsc+ ê psckkc zfnkawazfnc wcgt`nrc+ ê psckpscdamec cvtr`%tcrrcwtrc+ ê psckpsc easycecbt `b`r%gfnwtc ct wîdntncsv" Cb tast gc psc yasw icrc| ct dnrc|`ycg kc Ir`bí`nw oncb dnwzawî+ kc eìnawa ct wcw nbdngw+

psn b„`srabt dc gcwwc dc yasw îzncr+ gfcrgfcrabt k`



7?=

zrcsyc dc yatrc nbikscbgc zrawîk~tc+ dc gc psc kcwr`matw e`kycnkk`btw dnwcbt dc yasw"

@nbwn+ ps`bd @rb`sd Kcz`woc`s i`nt gnrgskcr sb z`zncrzasr psc w„nbwgrnycbt wsr sbc knwtc gcsv psn ycskcbtoncb z`rtngnzcr `s g`dc`s d„`bbnycrw`nrc ps„nk ycst i`nrcê w` zctntc gfîrnc+ k` inkkc oncb zcs rîwnwt`btc+ wn kceabt`mb`rd yasw dce`bdc d„sb easycecbt dc gfci wnyasw z`rtngnzc|+ ab ycrr` d`bw yatrc fagfcecbt dctìtc k` zrcsyc psc kc eabtngakc cwt wasw nbikscbgc" Ctz`rtast ab yasw zrîwcbtcr` gaeec sb dîtcwtòkctrasokc%iìtc ct cezìgfcsr dc tasrbcr cb rabd 8 sbazzaw`bt `s W~wtæec psn bc lasc z`w kc lcs zst`wwncrdc k„îkcgtar`knwec+ d`bw kcpsck ab wc i`nt zartcr `strôbc ‗ ct i`nrc zraintcr kcw zragfcw ‗ cb i`nw`btz`~cr z`r tasw wcw k`rmcwwcw g`kgskîcw0?>" Ab bc wc

dnr` z`w psc yasw ìtcw sb îm`knt`rnwtc psn bc yant z`wdc r`nwab d„aiirnr sb g`dc`s d„`bbnycrw`nrc gakkcgtni êsbc inkkc ct z`w `sv m`ríabw" Oncb `s gabtr`nrc+ abycrr` cb yasw sb enwam~bc" Ct gcsv psn r`nwabbcbt `nbwn

0?> Ab yant gck` ps`bd kcw o`bpscw gcbtr`kcw dabbcbt ps`wnecbt

`sv o`bpscw wzîgsk`tnycw cb i`nkkntc dc k„`rmcbt wartn ds bî`bt &dck„`rmcbt psn b„cwt z`w grîî gaeec gabtrcz`rtnc dc oncbw rîckkc%ecbt zradsntw psn w„îgf`bmcbt mrïgc ê gcttc ps`btntî d„`rmcbt psngarrcwzabdr`nt ê kcsr y`kcsr wsr kc e`rgfî inb`bgncr. zasr ps„ckkcwkc zrìtc ê v# `sv Ct`tw &psn wabt cb ps`wn i`nkkntc zasr `yanrrcbikasî gcw o`bpscw lascswcw.+ ê gf`rmc zasr kcw Ct`tw dczrcbdrc `sv gabtrnosòkcw k„`rmcbt psn wcr` rceoasrwîw `sv

o`bpscw zrìtcswcw" Kcw zakntnpscw psn zcrecttcbt gck` wcrabtîyndceecbt `zzrîgnîw dcw inb`bgncrw"



7?6

wc zrîtcbdcbt eadcrbcw+ îyaksîcw+ gnynknwîcw+ z`rgcpsc wasenw `s iîenbnwec yngtarncsv+ oncb ps„nkw bc

gabwndærcbt z`w psc k„`zzart gsktsrck dc k` eærc csra%zîcbbc y`st `st`bt psc k„`zzart gsktsrck ds zærccvtr`%csrazîcb+ csv psn lsmcbt sb Ir`bga%îtr`bmcr wsrk` o`wc dc k` wcskc cezrcnbtc gsktsrckkc cvtr`%csra%zîcbbc+ gcsv+ cb k„aggsrrcbgc+ psn gabwndærc sb Ir`bga%e`mfrîonb gaeec sb E`mfrîonb+ ct bab gaeec sbIr`bí`nw+ z`rgc psc k„sw`mc nezawc kc z`trab~ecz`tcrbck &`st`bt dnrc psc kcsr iîenbnwec b„cwt psc dci`í`dc+ gaeec kcsr rîzsokng`bnwec dîeagr`tnpsc."Kc Ir`bí`nw cb pscwtnab+ g„cwt T"Y"+ kc tfîw`srnwcsrnbtîrcwwî+ k„ïzrc azzartsbnwtc psn l`kaswc kcw fònkcw êk„cbrngfnwwcecbt i`gnkc psn+ d`bw k` zrcwwc wzîgn`knwîc+wcrycbt d„`zzïtw `sv gszndcw ct `sv bn`nw 8 z`w sb

e`sy`nw m`rw+ lswtc psckps„sb psn bc ycst z`w ìtrc kcdnbdab dc k` i`rgc rîzsokng`nbc ‗ neenmr`tnabbnwtc ‗"Dc e`tîrn`knwtc tr`y`nkkcsr îdspsî ê k` rsdc+ nk cwtdcycbs aowîdî z`r kcw `y`bt`mcw ct kcw i`gnkntîw dabtoîbîingncbt kcw mk`bdcsrw rswîw+ cb k„aggsrrcbgc kcwneenmrîw zraintcsrw+ kcw iabgtnabb`nrcw znwtabbîw+ kcw

rngfcw bab nezawîw+ kcw w~bdng`tw `gfctîw+ ctg" Zasrksn+ tast kc eabdc cwt i`nbî`bt+ ksn k„`dcztc ds ¨ tr`%y`nkkcr zksw zasr m`mbcr zksw ¸+ tast `s eanbw zcbd`btpsc kc garzw kc zcst+ ìnb dc zasyanr wc ecttrc kc zkswtôt zawwnokc ê k` rctr`ntc cb tasgf`bt sbc rcbtc nwwscdc k` wzîgsk`tnab inb`bgnærc &g„cwt%ê%dnrc dc k„cvzkant`%

tnab dcw tr`y`nkkcsrw z`r k„swsrc ct kc dîtasrbcecbt



7?>

eìncsv dcw rngfcwwcw z`r k` garrsztnab dcw nbwtnts%tnabw." Tast kc eabdc ` kc tart grnenbck dc zraintcr

nbdøecbt dc wcw nezôtw+ e`nw ksn bc zraintc z`w dcw`strcw+ dc kcsr tr`y`nk+ dc kcsrw nezôtw" Wab rìyc <z`rycbnr ê zr`tnpscr k„îy`wnab inwg`kc 8 ìtrc gaeec kcwrngfcw" Nk ` oncb rctcbs kcw wkam`bw dcw e`m`|nbcwd„ ¨ nbycwtnwwcecbt oasrwncr ¸ ct `strc zrcwwc ê oasr%wngat`mc < ¨ W`nwnwwc| kcw azzartsbntîw psn wc zrîwcb%tcbt ê yasw+ gscnkkc| kcw zanrcw wcrynòkcw+ swc| ctòswc| dcw bngfcw inwg`kcw+ zraintc| w`bw wgrszskcwdcw dnwzawntniw dnycrw ct y`rnîw" ¸&Ya~c| ê psan tasrbc wab aowcwwnab ds zambab+ psnrckæyc dc zksw cb zksw dc k` bîyrawc aowcwwnabbckkc <Z`r`kkækcecbt ê yatrc gsrwsw+ yasw i`ntcw sb zctntzralct zcrwabbck+ zasr i`nrc sb ¨ oaah ¸" Kc zrai

zrazawc+ bab wcskcecbt d„~ lctcr sb gasz d„ŗnk gaeecyasw kc ksn dce`bdc|+ e`nw dc kc garrnmcr" Nk cwt êwaszíabbcr psc gc T"Y" ksn wasiikcr` k„ndîc psc yaswtr`y`nkkc| `s ¨ ok`gh ¸+ dc wartc psc+ inb`kcecbt+ kczrai wc wcbtnr` òswî cb zcbw`bt psc yasw ksn dce`b%dc| dc garrnmcr mr`tsntcecbt gc psn cwt wszzawî yasw

i`nrc m`mbcr dc k„`rmcbt" Nk t`rdcr` tckkcecbt ê garrn%mcr yatrc zralct ps„nk bc kc garrnmcr` z`w"Ps`bd ab zr`tnpsc wan%eìec kc tr`y`nk wastcrr`nb+ abinbnt z`r kc yanr z`rtast" Yankê gc psc wabt k` eantnî dcwIr`bí`nw+ gaeec yasw `strcw+ fcnb+ i`st z`w rìycr < dci`sv ènw nbtîrcwwîw".



77:

Ps`bd w„îz`bgfcr` wsr yatrc îz`skc+ kc ynw`mc dîi`nt+k` zcsr `s ycbtrc+ gcksn%kê psn `sr` îtî wasrbanwcecbt

ecb`gî d„sbc o`kkc z`r kc ¨ eìnawc garwng` eòas%knt` ¸+ zasr `yanr e`nbtcw ianw gfcrgfî ê ksn rîwnwtcr cbkc ròras`bt rswtnpscecbt+ ksn ct wcw îenww`nrcwnbwnwt`btw+ kc garoc`s zcrycrw r`y`mî z`r k` l`kaswnc ctk` e`k`dnc ds Zasyanr yasw dîwnmbcr` gaeec dcwe`ki`nw`btw faeecw dc k„aeorc psn gabtrcycbc| ê wabArdrc 8 zrîwcbt`bt yatrc gabwcnk d„`z`nwcecbt gaeecsb `gtc dc wîdntnab bsnwnokc ê tast kc eabdc+ `karw pscyatrc nbwasenwwnab bc zartc `ttcnbtc ê zcrwabbc+ ê`sgsb nbtîrìt ct ê `sgsbc `starntî+ wn gc b„cwt ê k`z`tfakamnc ecbt`kc dc gcksn psn yasw `sr` zcríswgaeec dcw rny`sv ê ò`ttrc"Dabg+ yasw `~`bt ndcbtninî ct gnokî &ps`bd yasw wcrc|

rîdsntw `s wnbmskncr.+ kc eìnawa garwc `s gŗsr iranwwîct `s gcryc`s dîi`nt gfcrgfcr` ê yasw nwakcr+ ct nkdce`bdcr`+ zasr w`yanr gaeecbt i`nrc cb zcrws`d`btdc i`nrc kc gabtr`nrc < ¨ Zasrpsan ts tr`âbcw `ycg ksn 1&rcwtc `ycg basw+ ab cwt oncb encsv cbtrc wan. ¸_îzabwc < ¨ Z`rgc psc l„`n dcw gfawcw ê tnrcr dc ksn"07: ¸

Cgk`nr dc w`m`gntî d`bw kc oag`k ds grîtnb Wco k`

07: @s dîost+ g„ît`nt zkstôt z`r ìinbntî+ e`nw dczsnw psc kc gfncbrcbnikcsr d„`bsw basw ` i`nt e`bmcr dcw w`k`dcw dc r`gnwtcw wsrwab daw+ lc zrcbdw ecw dnwt`bgcw+ e`nw lc gabtnbsc ê zraintcr dcwcw ksenærcw+ cb oab dcwgcbd`bt dc gakabn`knwtcw cvzkantcsrw psc

lc wsnw+ ean psn wsnw `denr`tni dcy`bt k„ciing`gntî dcw `dcztcw dck` kan ds zksw iart+ dcw zcrycrw+ dcw zstcw ct dcw oìtcw"



770

gagattc enbstc¢+ psn ycrr` sb nbtîrìt ê cb i`nrc`st`bt+ e`nw cb wc iasrr`bt kc danmt d`bw k„acnk 8 gaeec

nk gfcrgfcr` ê nentcr kc gszndc oasrwngatcsr+ e`nw w`bwoasrwngatcr+ lswtc cb taeo`bt d`bw kc z`bbc`s dcwzraecwwcw d„`rmcbt i`gnkc trasyîcw wsr Nbtcrbct"Wabt yniw+ kcw Ir`bí`nw" Nkw abt kc P"N" Yasw ycbc|d„`rrnycr+ nkw yasw abt dîlê gcrbîw < yasw ìtcw dcwgræyc%k`%i`ne psn ycbc| zraintcr dc k` Ir`bgc+ e`bmcrkc z`nb dcw Ir`bí`nw+ aggszcr kcsrw kamcecbtw+ dîtasr%bcr kcsrw `ndcw wagn`kcw+ zrcbdrc k` zk`gc d„sb Ir`bí`nwd`bw kcw Gcbtrcw dc iare`tnab+ ynakcr kcsrw inkkcw ctkcsrw iceecw+ zanmb`rdcr+ dramscr ct yakcr kcsrw inkw"Nkw b„abt z`w tast ê i`nt tart+ ê gcgn zræw ps„nkw bcrcm`rdcbt z`w psck zraint+ cb îgf`bmc dc tast gck`+ kcwcbtrczrnwcw ir`bí`nwcw+ k` Ir`bgc ct kcw Ir`bí`nw

tnrcbt dcw îtr`bmcrw d„ngn ct d„`nkkcsrw070 8 g`r w„nk b„~ `z`w sbc cbtrczrnwc zraintòkc ê psckps„sb d`bw k„neen%mr`tnab dc e`wwc `ròa%ìra%e`mfrîonbc+ g„cwt ps„nk ~ `ê k„ŗsyrc+ `s zraint dc psckps„sb+ sbc cbtrczrnwc dcdcwtrsgtnab psc bc yancbt ct bc dîbabgcbt ps„sbcz`rtnc enbarnt`nrc dcw Ir`bí`nw dc wasgfc kanbt`nbc+ psn

wabt cb yanc dc dnwz`rntnab" Ct gaeec gcsv psn yaswps`knincbt dc ¨ gf`bgc zasr k` Ir`bgc ¸ bc kcsr

070 K` Ir`bgc cwt mîrîc wckab kcw zrnbgnzcw gaeecrgn`sv < ckkc`ggcztc sbc mr`bdc ps`btntî dc zctntw zradsntw dc i`nokc y`kcsrdc k` z`rt d„sb z`~w ê psn ckkc zcst ycbdrc+ cb îgf`bmc+ psckpscw

zradsntw dc mr`bdc y`kcsr" Kc oîbîingc y` `sv ycbdcsrw+ z`w ê k`zazsk`tnab ir`bí`nwc psn dant ¨ wc t`zcr ¸ k` gèckatc zasrrnc"



77?

cvzknpscbt z`w cb psan yasw ìtcw dcw Gf`bgnw+ zcst%abkcsr rczragfcr dc bc z`w gaezrcbdrc gc psn wceokc

rckcycr ds wcgrct d„Ct`t gr~ztî+ as zkstôt ds gaezkatnb`yasòkc 107? Wn kcw zakntnpscw ir`bí`nw wabt dc wne`sy`nw mcwtnabb`nrcw ct bîmagn`tcsrw ps„nkw yaswdabbcbt zksw psc gc psc yasw ct yaw z`~w r`zzartc| êk` Ir`bgc ct `sv Ir`bí`nw+ ps„`ttcbdcbt dabg kcwIr`bí`nw zasr kcw rcezk`gcr 1 csv psn wabt dabg kcwe`sy`nw îkcgtcsrw psn iabt kcw e`sy`nw îksw" B„abt%nkwz`w kc zasyanr dîeagr`tnpsc dc kc i`nrc 1 Nkw wabt yniwct nkw abt kc P"N"+ kcw Ir`bí`nw+ e`nw g„cwt taslasrw`zræw kcw îkcgtnabw ps„nkw gaezrcbbcbt zasr psn nkw abtyatî077" G„cwt w`bw dastc zasrpsan nkw bc gaezrcbdrabt

07?

Ps`bd ¨ ab ¸ zrîtcbd i`nrc dc k` Ir`bgc sbc b`tnab eîtnwwîcct d~bènpsc &wasw%cbtcbds+ gaeec kcw Ct`tw%Sbnw.+ dc psck t~zcdc d~bènwec z`rkc%t%ab 1 ps`bd ¨ ab ¸ nbtradsnt sbc e`wwc dcmcbw cbgarc zksw b`tnab`knwtcw+ gabwcry`tcsrw+ îtrnpsîw+ eastab%bncrw ct babgf`k`btw psc kcw Ir`bí`nw ct `strcw Ir`bga%csra%zîcbw 8 cb k„aggsrrcbgc yasw" Dc tastc îyndcbgc+ kc wcsk d~b`%enwec rcgfcrgfî cwt gcksn ds gabiknt zcre`bcbt+ dc k` rny`kntîynwgîr`kc+ gabiareîecbt `s eadækc èîrng`nb ct ê w` zakntnpsc

cvtîrncsrc 8 ct gc+ z`r kc e`sy`nw eîk`bmc dcw mcbrcw+ z`w k` enwccb gabgsrrcbgc nbtcrctfbnpsc" Cb rîwseî < k` Ir`bgc cwt sbcyncnkkc eîeî psn wc gfnc dcwwsw+ ct ¨ ab ¸ ycst dabg cb i`nrc sbcgfcrgfc%ecrdc" 077 Nk cb cwt &nbdswtrnckw+ `zôtrcw ds e`rn`mc+ zakntngncbw. psnzasrr`ncbt ìtrc cbgknbw ê zrîwcbtcr kcw Ir`bí`nw gaeec ît`bte`wwnycecbt ¨ onzak`nrcw ¸ 8 wn ab cb grant kcsr zrazcbwnab ê i`nrc

d„sb fîenwzfærc gîrîor`k &as zkstôt+ d„sb mab`dc. gc psc k„`strcfîenwzfærc &mab`dc. dîi`nt" @ dîi`st dc kcsr dabbcr tastc



777

psc zksw t`rd yatrc r`nwab d„ìtrc cb Ir`bgc+ ps`bd nkwcr` traz t`rd zasr csv 8 ps`bd nkw `srabt gsyî ‗ kcsr

w`bm ‗"&Dc tastc îyndcbgc+ nk w„`mnt dc rcgabwtntscr kcw `bgncb%bcw gakabncw wsr kc wak ir`bí`nw &csrazîcb.+ `ycg dcwgaeesb`stîw psn wc gôtancbt w`bw wc eîk`bmcr+ ct cbzksw+ gcttc ianw%gn+ cb ectt`bt cb ŗsyrc kc eîtnww`mce`wwni zasr îyntcr k` dnwkag`tnab ps„abt gabbsc kcw`bgncbbcw gakabncw 8 kc eadækc csrazîcb ` îgfasî+zk`gc `s eadækc èîrng`nb &as wszr`%èîrng`nb+ cb wtn%esk`bt kc ¨ ecktnbm%zat ¸ psn bc iabgtnabbc z`w d`y`b%t`mc `sv Ct`tw%Sbnw+ ê `yanr kc eîtnww`mc mîbîr`knwî."_cwtc ê w`yanr psn zraint`nt dcw `bgncbbcw gakabncwzasr w`yanr ê psn zraintc kc grnec eabdn`knwtc… `ycgk„`ndc dcw `denr`tcsrw dc k„@eîrnpsc ct dcw f`nbcsv

wòatcsrw dc k` Ir`bgc+ dc k„Csrazc+ dc k„Aggndcbt".Ct nkw wabt baeorcsv+ gcsv psn gaezrcbbcbt sbnpsc%ecbt gc psn kcsr ` îtî cbiabgî d`bw kc grïbc 8 as zkswo`w" Bc gaeecttc| z`w gcttc crrcsr dc zrnentni ê k`gsktsrc eìncswc+ crrcsr d„îmagcbtrnpsc `rrnîrî+ l`kasv dcw `y`bt`mcw+ dcw dnwzawntnabw ct dcw i`gsktîw

d„`strsn+ psn ycst e`nbtcbnr tast wab eabdc zksw o`wpsc ksn+ wasw wab `starntî dc eïkc daenb`bt ps„nk ycstìtrc+ zasr bc z`w ìtrc dîz`wwî+ dîmr`dî `s r`bm dcgcksn psn ¨ b„cb ` z`w ¸+ dc gcksn psn bc zcst z`w dnrc+

k„nbiare`tnab bîgcww`nrc zasr yatcr ct `gfctcr `ycg gafîrcbgc ct

gabwt`bgc &`zræw kcsr `yanr dabbî kc maøt dc w„nbiarecr.+ nki`sdr`nt zcst%ìtrc kcsr `denbnwtrcr dcw wckw dc kntfnse"



774

`ycg k„`nr e`kngncsv dc gcksn psn w`nt `ttrnoscr kc rôkcdc iceecw ê wcw wasenw+ psn w„cvîgstcrabt `swwntôt

ps`bd nk kc icr` rce`rpscr < ¨ Zcrwabbc b„` zrîz`rî kcgìî" ¸ Eîwcwtnec dc gcksn psn+ zasr bc z`w wc wcbtnrcvgks as wnezkcecbt wcsk `ycg ksn%eìec ‗ i`gc `s yndcwsngnd`nrc+ dabg ‗+ iargc kcw `strcw ê ksn tcbnrgaez`mbnc+ ê ksn i`nrc k` gabycrw`tnab+ ê ksn e`bnicwtcrdc k` ps`wn%dîiîrcbgc+ ps`bd nk bc kcw aoknmc z`w ê¨ kïgfcr ¸+ ê ¨ gr`gfcr ¸+ cb b`tsrc as cb cwzærc+ cbwcryngc as cb oncb e`tîrnck"&G„cwt kc t~zc psn grant i`nrc fabbcsr ct zrîgncsv zrîwcbtê sbc iceec cb ksn zrazaw`bt d„`yanr sbc rck tnabwcvsckkc+ ct cb ecb`í`bt inb`kcecbt dc k` yntrnakcr as dck„neeakcr wn ckkc tîeanmbc d„sb gasrtanw `ynw dc bab%rcgcyanr" Kc mcbrc dc eïkc as dc iceckkc îmagcbtrnpsc psn

òardc k„@strc ê k„`bne`kc+ wasw kc gasz dc wnezkcw zskwnabwwcvsckkcw+ cb tr`nt`bt k„@strc d„faeawcvsck%kc wn nk as ckkcbc z`rt`mc z`w ê wab `ttnr`bgc wcvsckkc cb kc as k` ycv`bt`nbwn"Ckkcw &wsrtast. ycskcbt `yanr sb zasyanr dc wîdsgtnab" @dîi`st dc k„`yanr+ z`r dîznt+ ckkcw rclcttcbt wsr k„@strc kc

tart dc kcsr ycv`tnab 8 ckkcw dnrabt ps„nk ` sb zraokæecarm`bnpsc+ `s kncs dc wc dnrc ps„ckkcw b„abt z`w gc pscps„nk i`st zasr `ttnrcr `strc gfawc psc dcw `bne`sv+ g`reìec kcw `bne`sv zcsycbt ìtrc zfatamîbnpscw".Kc eabdc cwt zkcnb dc e`k`dcw ecbt`sv gaeec nk cwtzkcnb dc mcbw `ttcnbtw dc e`k`dncw arm`bnpscw+ gaeec nk

cwt zkcnb dc gabw ct dc tast gc psc yasw yaskc| 8 dcw



773

eanbw `sv zksw mr`ycecbt `ttcnbtw" G„cwt `nbwn+ ct baswdcyabw mîrcr gck`+ gc psc basw i`nwabw gaeec basw kc

zasyabw" Nk `rrnyc gczcbd`bt sb eaecbt aþ k` oìtnwcdcyncbt dîkîtærc ct eìec grnenbckkc+ `st`bt ps„sbce`k`dnc ecbt`kc ardnb`nrc zcst zrcbdrc dcw zrazartnabwpsn zcsycbt rckcycr dcw trnosb`sv as dcw `wnkcw 8 ps`bdgcsv psn cb wabt `ttcnbtw bc dîonkntcbt z`w kcw `strcw cb`kk`bt lswps„ê nbwtntstnabb`knwcr kcsr e`k`dnc ecbt`kc+ kcsryngc+ kcsrw tr`ycrw+ gaeec g„cwt kc g`w+ z`r cvcezkc+ `ycgkcw gnrgabgnwcsrw ct kcsr zr`tnpsc dc k` gnrgabgnwnab+ ascbgarc `ycg kc iîenbnwec dcw kcwoncbbcw bnfnknwtcw ctastr`bwwcvsckkcw"Sb dcw zfîbaeæbcw e`k`dniw rîz`bdsw cwt gcksn psngabwnwtc ê wc trasycr dcw oasgw îenww`nrcw ct `strcwdnòkcw" Yasw `yc| kcw yôtrcw+ z`r cvcezkc kcw Ir`bí`nw+

w„`mnww`bt d„cvzknpscr yatrc i`nokc bnyc`s dc dîyckaz%zcecbt z`r k` gakabnw`tnab 8 kcw Ir`bí`nw abt kcw kcsrw+ cbk„aggsrrcbgc yasw+ w„`mnww`bt d„cvzknpscr k` dîgabintsrcdc k` Ir`bgc 8 gaeec yasw tasw cb `yc| cb gaeesb+ z`rcvcezkc kcw Lsniw" Gcttc zrazcbwnab ê k` dnòaknw`tnabrckæyc dc k` zw~gfn`trnc+ gcttc i`íab ps„abt kcw zcrycrw

dc wc knyrcr ê dcw gò`kcw+ dc eabtcr kcw sbw gabtrc kcw`strcw as k` e`wwc gabtrc sb nbdnynds psn wart ds kat+ cbwc wcry`bt dc ksn gaeec d„sbc zasockkc" K` zasockkc zcstìtrc sb `rtnwtc as sb zakntnpsc+ wnezkcecbt z`rgc ps„nk cwtcb ysc ‗ `ycg k` tìtc psn dîz`wwc+ dabg+ `s%dcwwsw dc kè`wwc ‗+ ct grntnpsî zasr wab ŗsyrc &k` zrcenærc zncrrc

psc k`bgcbt kcw grntnpscw dabbc ê k` e`wwc dcw zcrycrw kc



779

wnmb`k zasr wc dîiaskcr cb k`znd`bt ycro`kcecbt kceabtrî ds danmt." @strcecbt gc wcr` b„nezartc psn+ psn%

gabpsc zcrect ê tck as tck t~zc d„nbdnynds dc wc dîiaskcr+zasr b„nezartc psckkc r`nwab 8 psngabpsc `sr` kcyî k` tìtcas asycrt k` oasgfc+ ct `nbwn îycnkkî k` l`kaswnc dcwf`rb`gfîw+ k` zcsr dcw zrnentniw+ as k` f`nbc dcw dîea%bn`pscw psn bc wszzartcbt z`w k„cvzrcwwnab dc k` ync"Kcw `stcsrw dc ]nhnzîdn` `zzartcbt sb îgk`nr`mc zcrtn%bcbt wsr kc g`w ds bîa%eìnawa garwc+ psn bc zcst `kkcr `soast dc w` zcrycrwnab z`rgc ps„nk bc ynt z`w cb Garwc+ aþckkc ~ trasycr`nt zksw gcrt`nbcecbt w` kîmntnentî+ ds i`ntdcw kanw trno`kcw+ gk`bnpscw yanrc eìncswcw+ psn wabtrîzstîcw ~ rîmbcr <

¨ @s g`rrciasr dc k` wagnakamnc dcw arm`bnw`tnabw ct dc

k` zw~gfn`trnc+ kc Dr ^ycw Zrnmcbt d`bw wab knyrc K` Grs`stî ardnb`nrc `b`k~wc kc gaezartcecbt dc zctntwmraszcw ecbîw z`r sb zcrycrw cbyncsv" Gcw zfîbaeæbcwwabt `ttcwtîw z`r Mswt`yc Kc Oab dæw k` inb ds VNVcwnægkc d`bw Zw~gfakamnc dcw iaskcw ct z`r Wnmesbd Ircsdpsn+ ksn+ cvzawc k` ynakcbgc d„sb mraszc znkatî z`r sb

zcrycrw cbyncsv" ¸¨ K„`tt`psc wc zartc wsr gcksn psn dnwzawc d„sbc yncnbtîrncsrc zraiabdc as dc gaezîtcbgcw ìinreîcw wckabkc zrnbgnzc psc ¨ kc gkas psn dîz`wwc gabb`âtr` kc e`r%tc`s ¸ &Kn E„Fï Abm7." Kc zcrycrw `mnt w`bw nbtcbtnab%b`kntî gk`nrc+ g`r nk bc zcst cvzrnecr wab e`bpsc z`r kc

kamaw" ¸



77=

¨ Knyrî ê k„nezcbwòkc+ k` zskwnab dc eart+ Xkc zcrycrwUîect sb ecww`mc arm`ba%d~bènpsc" XNkU w„ciiargc dc

dîtrsnrc kc kncs ds k`bm`mc+ kc ¨ trambab ¸ &wckab L`gpscwK`g`b. ê w`yanr k` o`wc eìec dc k` zcrwabb`kntî fse`nbcdc k` zcrwabbc ps„nk zcrwîgstc" I`stc d„cwz`gc zw~gfnpscnbtîrncsr+ nk dnrnmc wab `gtnab gabtrc k„cwz`gc nbtîrncsr dck„`strc+ g„cwt%ê%dnrc dniiè`bt k„`strc wn gcksn%gn cwt sbìtrc îtfnpsc+ tïgf`bt dc dîwakcr &¨ dc rcbdrc dîwcrt ¸.k„`strc dc e`bnærc mîbîr`kcecbt g~bnpsc X…U" Kc zcrycrwX…U cww`~c dc dîtrsnrc gc psn rcbd k„`strc wzîgninpsc+ gczasrpsan nk cwt `zzrîgnî" ¸¨ Kc zcrycrw cbyncsv f`nt k` wnbmsk`rntî z`rgc psc ksn%eìec cb cwt dîzasrys 8 dc gc i`nt+ ckkc ksn i`nt aeor`mc"Nk zralcttc wsr `strsn kcw dniingsktîw ps„nk zasrr`nt `yanrksn%eìec z`rgc ps„nk cwt dîesbn dcw astnkw zasr kcw

rîwasdrc" K„aolcgtni gabwnwtc ê `bbnfnkcr k„ndcbtntî wagn`kcdc k„`strc as k` rcgabb`nww`bgc wagn`kc dabt wcr`ntwswgcztnokc dc oîbîingncr kc wslct dc w` f`nbc 8 gcttcrcgabb`nww`bgc psn+ wckab kc zcrycrw cbyncsv+ bc wcr`ntdsc ps„ê ksn%eìec"Kc mraszc+ cb kc wsny`bt+ îect sbc rcgabb`nww`bgc dc k`

z`rakc ds zcrycrw+ ksn `ggardc sb orcyct dc wîdsgtnab+ìnb dc zragîdcr ê k„îyngtnab ds ¨ traz ycrtscsv ¸ as ds¨ traz gaezîtcbt " K` zcrycrwntî cwt gabt`mncswc" Gczfîbaeæbc zrîwndc ê k„awtr`gnwec dc Tfîenwtagkc dabtkc zanbt dc dîz`rt cwt k„cbync+ d`bw k` gabwt`t`tnab psck„`strc ` psckpsc gfawc cb wan d„îenbcbt"



776

Wn kc wslct dc f`nbc gædc ê k„nblabgtnab ds zcrycrw+ z`rcvcezkc w„nk wc dîicbd gabtrc gf`psc dniiè`tnab &psn

zrîgædc nee`bpsòkcecbt kc lcs zcrycrw.+ nk rcgcyr` sbtr`se`tnwec wcgabd" Zksw k„aolct dc k` f`nbc zcrycrwc wcdîicbd+ zksw kc mraszc wc dnt ps„nk b„~ ` z`w dc iseîc w`bwics+ kc tr`ntc dc z`r`baá`psc 8 wn gcksn%gn bc wc dîicbdz`w+ kc mraszc gabwndærc psc kc zcrycrw ` r`nwab" Kc lcszcrycrw ` zasr ost dc dîzasnkkcr kc wslct dc w` dnmbntî" ¸¨ Kc dîbn dc k„`strc cwt k o`wc ds lcs ds zcrycrwcbyncsv < ¨ Ts b„cvnwtcw z`w wîz`rîecbt ê ean" ¸K„cvgkswnab gabiartc kc zcrycrw d`bw wab zasyanr dcwîdsgtnab < ¨ Ts b„`w `sgsb r`zzart `ycg kcw `strcw bn`ycg tan%eìec ¸"K„cezrnwc ct k` e`bnzsk`tnab wc iabt `karw wcbtnr t`bt wsrkc oasg îenww`nrc psc wsr kc mraszc psn dcecsrc

nbgabwgncbt dcw îyæbcecbtw" ¸fttz<ir"}nhnzcdn`"arm}nhnOasgQîenww`nrc

Tast gck` zasr yasw i`nrc gaezrcbdrc psc yasw ìtcw sbcgfawc &as zkswncsrw gfawcw. ê yaw zrazrcw ~csv+ ct sbc&g`w d„sbc zcrwabb`kntî zsoknpsc ê k„ne`mc gabtrôkîc. as

e`nbtcw `strcw gfawcw `sv ~csv dcw `strcw 8 yasw `yc|dabg zkswncsrw cvnwtcbgcw d`bw k` rî`kntî tcrrcwtrc+ yaswìtcw zkswncsrw gfawcw ê k` ianw ct yasw ìtcw nezknpsîwd`bw zkswncsrw yncw+ zkswncsrw sbnycrw wagna%zw~gfakamn%pscw+ zkswncsrw zk`bw dc k„cvnwtcbgc" Yasw ìtcw yatrczrazrc ran as rcnbc d`bw yatrc ync+ e`nw yasw ìtcw `swwndcw znabw d`bw k` ync d„`strsn+ d`bw sbc z`rtnc d„îgfcg

http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bouc_%E9%AD%A9ssaire



77>

psc lascbt d„`strcw zcrwabbcw+ `ycg yasw ct gabtrcyasw 8 cb k„aggsrrcbgc+ yasw ìtcw gcrt`nbcecbt kcw wasenw

dcw eïkcw daenb`btw+ kcw lasctw dcw zcrycrw+ kcw gnokcwdcw zrîd`tcsrw r`gnwtcw as wcvnwtcw+ ctg" Oncb dcwgfawcw wc trècbt `s%dcwwsw dc yatrc tìtc+ psc yaswzartc| wsr yaw îz`skcw w`bw cb `yanr gabwgncbgc"L„awc cwzîrcr psc eab zrazaw ìinbc yatrc zcrgcztnab"Fse… ab bc dnr`nt z`w…

Yasw bc ya~c| w`bw dastc z`w aþ cwt kc zraokæec+ fcnb !W„nk `y`nt dnt < ¨ Ab o`nwc 1 ¸ Kê+ cb zkcnbc gk`wwc+gaeec í`+ ê orøkc%zasrzanbt" @y`bt dc w„nbdnmbcr <¨ Psan ! Yasw yaskc| z`w 1 Lc gaezrcbdw z`w ean+ zasr%

psan+ yasw e„`nec| z`w as psan+ e`nw zasrpsan !1 ¸ Ct dcyasw ecb`gcr d„sb znwtakct garwc < ¨ @f yasw yaskc|z`w ! @f yasw yaskc| z`w ! ¸ Kc eîg`bnwec zw~gfnpsc ctwagn`k yasw wcr`nt dîlê zksw iènkncr 8 ab basw ` taswtckkcecbt rco`tts kcw arcnkkcw `ycg kc drant `s gabwcb%tcecbt knorc ê sbc rck`tnab wcvsckkc+ zasr sbc iceec

îe`bgnzîc zrazrnît`nrc dc wab garzw ct dc w` ync+ psndant zasyanr yaskanr gc ps„ckkc ycst+ ps`bd ckkc kc ycst+gaeec ckkc ycst+ `ycg psn ckkc ycst074" Wn sb t~zc iargc

074 Kc dcsvnæec yakct dc gcttc rcycbdng`tnab+ g„cwt psc tast kceabdc dant wc zkncr ê gc ps„ckkc ycst+ ps`bd ckkc kc ycst 8 `nbwn

eìec psc kcw Lsniw+ `~`bt aotcbs dc zasyanr ìtrc dcw gnta~cbw êz`rt cbtnærc+ abt yasks i`nrc gc ps„nkw yask`ncbt+ ct aotcbs psc



74:

kcw iceecw dc wab cbtasr`mc ê `yanr `ycg ksn k`rck`tnab ìicgtnyc ct wcvsckkc dabt nk ` ocwanb zasr bc

z`w wc wcbtnr wcsk+ rclctî+ îe`wgskî+ gck` wcr`nt zkswgk`nr zasr tast kc eabdc" Ct tast kc eabdc kc dnr`nt < gcgaezartcecbt cwt `bare`k 8 gc t~zc cwt sb zw~gfatn%psc+ nk rckæyc dc k` zw~gfn`trnc" Ps`bd gc b„cwt z`wwcvsck+ tast kc eabdc cwt waeeî d„`ggcztcr k„ndîc ps„nk ~ `nt dcw eïkcw daenb`btw+ ct dc wc wasecttrc ê gc pscycskcbt kcw eïkcw daenb`btw" D„`nkkcsrw+ cwt%nk ocwanb dciargcr kcw mcbw ê `ggcztcr gcttc kan dc k` lsbmkc 1 k`zksz`rt dcw mcbw ît`bt bn rîzsokng`nbw bn dîeagr`tcw+e`nw zksw gcrt`nbcecbt dcw zstcw ct dcw oìtcw"Wn sb Ir`bga%dc%z`zncr%zartsm`nw rng`bcsr b„` dc gcwwcdc yasw tasrbcr `stasr zasr yasw rcbnikcr k` ontc ctk„`bsw ‗ ìnb dc dîtcrenbcr yatrc z`trneanbc mîbîtnpsc

ct yatrc t`sv dc tcwtawtîrabc ‗+ ps`bd nk bc tr`bwgrntz`w+ cb gcw tcrecw+ kcw o`y`rd`mcw ê eatw gasycrtwdcw zît`wwcw cb gfci+ ¨ Z`syrc Ir`bgc ! Z`syrcIr`bgc ! ¸+ as oncb ¨ Cb%gskîîî… Cb%gskîîî… ¸073+ tast

tast kc eabdc i`wwc gc ps„nkw yask`ncbt zasr csv" Kcw iceecw abt

dabg kc drant d„`kkcr z`rtast ‗ kê aþ kcw faeecw gfcrgfcbt êîgf`zzcr `sv iceecw ct `s e`rn`mc ‗+ e`nw `swwn kc drant dc wcrîwcrycr dcw kncsv wtrngtcecbt nbtcrdnt `sv faeecw 8 gaeec kcwLsniw abt aotcbs dcw kncsv wtrngtcecbt ê csv &z`rtngsknærcecbt k`Z`kcwtnbc nwr`îkncbbc. tast cb zasy`bt ìtrc z`rtast gfc| csv"073 Z`rgc psc yasw `src| oîbîingnî dc k` zk`gc d„sb Ir`bí`nw ‗ dcwasgfc ‗ psn wc wcr` dîwnwtî lswps„ê k` zragf`nbc wcwwnab 8 Ir`bí`nw

psn+ ` zrnarn+ `sr`nt iargîecbt îtî zksw `s maøt ds oït`rd zartsm`nw+psn e`bnicwtc awtcbwnokcecbt kc rcmrct dc gc dîwnwtcecbt cb



740

cb yasw `drcww`bt dcw rcm`rdw r`nkkcsrw as eîzrn%w`btw… gaezrcbc| ps„nk w„`mnt ds zragîdî b`tsrck dcw

oabw gnta~cbw dc o`wc ct dcw oabw cbi`btw d„neenmrîwpsn rczradsnwcbt kcw e`bnærcw dcw daenb`btw ‗ `stagf%tabcw ‗ wsr kcw daenbîw ‗ îtr`bmcrw ‗ psn yncbbcbt ngngfcrgfcr dc psan wsrynyrc079 8 nkw ycskcbt `nbwn wc z`~crk` rcgabb`nww`bgc d„ìtrc dc yr`nw Ir`bí`nw+ z`rgc ps„nkwoanycbt ds ynb+ wc gabiarecbt ê k` ¨ gabynyn`kntî ¸nezawîc z`r kcw `kgaaknpscw+ ct gr`gfcbt wsr kcw eîtæ%pscw" Nkw wabt baeorcsv+ gcsv psn wc iabt y`kanr `sdîtrnecbt dcw `strcw 8 wn ocwanb cb rctasrb`bt kcsrycwtc+ cb tr`fnww`bt sbc wan%dnw`bt waknd`rntî ctfbnga%rcknmncswc" Gaeec gcw E`rag`nbcw dc Ir`bgc psncwgaeztcbt wc i`nrc rcksnrc wsr kc daw dcw @kmîrncbwdc Ir`bgc psn orøkcbt kc dr`zc`s ir`bí`nw < ¨ Basw kcw

E`rag`nbw+ ab cwt z`w gaeec í`" &Ab bc mr`ttc z`w

icnmb`bt dc w„`drcwwcr `s dîwcrtcsr+ e`nw cb yasw tanw`bt `ycgeîzrnw+ cb gcw tcrecw+ dabg < ¨ _cm`rdc psn ab ` cs ê k` zk`gc !Cb%gskîîî… Cb%gskîîî… ¸079 Nkw wc mr`bdnwwcbt `rtningnckkcecbt ê kcsrw ~csv cb rò`nww`bt kcw

`strcw t`bdnw ps„nkw w„`ttrnoscbt kc zrcwtnmc dcw Ir`bí`nw îeîrntcw"G„cwt gc psc iabt kcw grattcw ir`bga%e`mfrîonbcw psn rcm`rdcbt dcf`st kcw Ir`bí`nw ds wcsk i`nt dc w„ìtrc ys nezawcr sbc rcknmnaby`bntcswc dabt nkw bc gabb`nwwcbt wasycbt psc k` eîm`kae`bczrîtcbtnab+ z`rgc ps„nkw w„`ttrnoscbt kc eîrntc dc gc ps„abt zs`zzartcr `s eabdc kcw `bgncbw w`y`btw dcw z`~w arncbt`sv+ oncb ps„nkb„~ `nt psc zcs dc r`zzart cbtrc gcw w`y`btw ct kcw zazsk`tnabw

`rrnîrîcw dc gcw z`~w+ ct ` iartnarn dc gckkcw dcw z`~w ps„nkw abtgakabnwîw"



74?

tast gc ps„ab zcst gaeec `ndcw wagn`kcw zasr gabwtrsn%rc sbc mr`bdc e`nwab `s E`rag ct k„îpsnzcr `ycg gc psc

k„ab `sr` rîgszîrî cb Ir`bgc &g`r sb rcycbs dc z`syrcngn+ g„cwt sb rcycbs dc rngfc kê%o`w !. 8 ab b„` z`w kècwpsnbcrnc dc dce`bdcr kc rceoasrwcecbt dcw ir`nwdc dîzk`gcecbt zasr basw rcbdrc d`bw sb `tckncr dcrcenwc ê bnyc`s z`~î z`r k` Ir`bgc+ ps`bd ckkc baswz`nc îm`kcecbt sbc iare`tnab ps`knin`btc `y`bt dcbasw aiirnr sb cezkan 8 ct ab ` z`w kc gskat dc baswi`nrc ir`sdskcswcecbt rceoasrwcr baw gnrgabgnwnabwrntsckkcw z`r k` Wîgsrntî wagn`kc ir`bí`nwc07= ‗ cbìinre`bt `ycg `rram`bgc psc g„cwt sb `gtc dc rncb dstast psn wc zr`tnpsc `ycg sb gnwc`s dc ganiicsr z`rgcpsc gnrgabgnrc g„cwt gaeec gaszcr sbc eægfc dcgfcycsv ‗" Nk ~ ` eìec sbc fnwtanrc d„èasr cbtrc kcw

Ir`bí`nw ct basw < ps`bd nkw bc yabt z`w `s E`rag zasr

07= D`bw kc eìec ardrc dc zr`tnpsc < lswps„ê zrîwcbt+ k` Ir`bgc`y`bí`ncbt kc gaøt dcw ir`nw eîdng`sv dcw @kmîrncbw psn ycb`ncbtwc i`nrc wanmbcr cb Ir`bgc+ ê gf`rmc zasr k` Wîgsrntî wagn`kc`kmîrncbbc dc k` rceoasrwcr" E`nw k„@kmîrnc ` dîware`nw 9::enkknabw d„csraw d„nez`~îw cbycrw k` Ir`bgc+ want 0:# ds dîingnt

`bbsck dc k„`wwsr`bgc e`k`dnc+ psn w„îkæyc ê 9 enkkn`rdw d„csraw" K`gaazîr`tnab cbtrc kcw dcsv z`~w cwt gaezraenwc" Gcrt`nbw@kmîrncbw yncbbcbt dabg cb Ir`bgc cb t`bt psc tasrnwtcw" Nkw wczrîwcbtcbt `sv srmcbgcw ab bc rciswc zcrwabbc" @zræw `yanr îtîazîrîw+ gcrt`nbw+ baeorcsv+ rcz`rtcbt w`bw rîmkcr k` i`gtsrc"&¨ K„îbarec dcttc dc k` Wîgs `kmîrncbbc Xcbycrw k` Ir`bgcU ¸0? l`byncr ?:0?

fttz<}}}"csrazc0"irNbtcrb`tnab`kK%cbarec%dcttc%dc%k`%Wcgs%`kmcrncbbc%>::9=7nbdcv"ftek

http://www.europe1.fr/International/L-enorme-dette-de-la-Secu-algerienne-900673/index.html

http://www.europe1.fr/International/L-enorme-dette-de-la-Secu-algerienne-900673/index.html



747

cbgskcr baw zctntw m`ríabw+ kcw Ir`bí`nw yabt `s E`ragzasr wc i`nrc cbgskcr z`r baw gaeecrí`btw". ¸ Ct

gaezrcbc| psc k„ab `ttcbd dc yaw zramîbntsrcwb`tsr`knwîcw d„aiingc ps„ckkcw i`wwcbt dc eìec+ ê kcsrtasr+ `ycg kcw `strcw ctfbncw psn yncbdrabt zksw t`rd 8ps„ckkcw zrasycbt+ gaeec k` zartsm`nwc+ gaeec `y`btckkc k„nt`kncbbc ct k„cwz`mbakc+ ps„ckkcw wabt dcycbscw dcyr`ncw Ir`bí`nwcw cb cvzcgtar`bt wsr kcw neenmrîw psnyncbbcbt cb Ir`bgc zasr e`bmcr kc z`nb dcw Ir`b%í`nw076 8 cb k„aggsrrcbgc+ cb zk`nw`bt`bt cb yatrc zrî%wcbgc+ wsr kc i`nt psc ¨ @ Gamakc+ kcw Eckabw zaswwcbtwsr kcw trattanrw ¸+ ìnb dc rce`rpscr sbc îycbtsckkcrî`gtnab îeatnabbckkc dc yatrc z`rt+ psn tr`fnr`ntyatrc rîckkc `zz`rtcb`bgc dc gŗsr"&Tastc k` pscwtnab cwt dc w`yanr wn sb Ir`bga%dc%

z`zncr%e`mfrîonb cwt oncb sb Ir`bí`nw" Zasr kc w`yanr+kcw Ir`bí`nw dc k` Y`wc gfcrgfcbt ê w`yanr w„nk cwtgnrgabgnw" Cbwsntc+ nkw aowcrycbt wcw rî`gtnabw dcy`btk` grntnpsc awtcbwnokc ct `gcroc dcw @ròa%e`mfrî%onbw+ dc kcsr gsktsrc+ dc kcsr ecbt`kntî+ dc kcsr rckn%mnab+ dc kcsr ìtrc+ dc kcsrw i`ntw ct mcwtcw" Wn kc

076 Gcrt`nbw w„îtr`bmkcrabt+ e`nw asn+ zasr tast gc psn bc zcst ìtrcdîkag`knwî ê eanbdrc gaøt+ wn gc bc wabt z`w kcw neenmrîw d„@irnpsc ctd„&Cvtrìec%.Arncbt+ gc wcrabt kcw neenmrîw d„`nkkcsrw psn yncb%drabt… `ggaezknr kcw o`wcw ocwambcw zcs rîesbîrîcw+ zcrectt`btê kcsrw cezka~csrw dc dîm`mcr sbc e`rmc w`bw `wwaeecr kcwgkncbtw Ir`bí`nw+ psn `strcecbt wcr`ncbt ò`wasrdnw z`r kc gaøt

rîck dcw gfawcw+ dc k` eanbdrc dcw gfawcw" G„cwt sb dcw iabdc%ecbtw dc k` gk`wwc ea~cbbc+ dc k` oasrmcanwnc+ dc k„aknm`rgfnc"



744

Ir`bga%e`mfrîonb bc rî`mnt z`w gaeec kcw f~wtîrnpscwEswske`bw i`b`tnwîw+ gaeec kcw y`bntcsv e`mfrîonbw

`bneîw d„sbc `ktnærc wani dc gabpsìtc ds eabdc07>

+ aswnezkcecbt gaeec kcw cvgîdîw z`r kcw grntnpscw+ ab wcdnr` ps„nk cwt want Lsni+ want oncb drcwwî+ daecwtnpsî+ecbt`kcecbt gakabnwî+ zw~gfakamnpscecbt îgr`wî z`rkcw lsdngncswcw grntnpscw dcw Ir`bí`nw+ psn ksn `srabti`nt zrcbdrc gabwgncbgc ct `decttrc dc k` ynkcbnc dcw@ròa%e`mfrîonbw".Wn yasw ~ tcbc|+ `ttcbdc| k` inb dc k` iare`tnab zasrcvzknpscr yatrc gabgcztnab dc k„fawznt`kntî+ dc k` gabyn%yn`kntî+ ds on|st`mc ct dc k` ir`tcrbntî+ ê k` e`sy`nwcnent`tnab zartsm`nwc ds Ir`bí`nw dc k` Y`wc 8 i`stc dc

07>

Gcsv zasr psn k„nbtcrdngtnab dc k` gnrgabgnwnab y`st estnk`tnabdc k` inmsrc dc zrasc dc kcsr b`ynrc dc mscrrc as dc kcsrzrcwtnmncswc yantsrc dc gasrwc 8 dîkîmntne`tnab dc tast gc wsrpsan nkw w„`zzsncbt zasr wc wcbtnr wszîrncsrw `sv `strcw ctkîmntnecw z`rtast wsr tcrrc+ ê k„nbwt`r dcw Lsdîa%i`wgnwtcw ps„nkwwsnycbt ê k` tr`gc"G„cwt gcttc y`bntî psn kcsr i`nt zrcbdrc kcsr `nwc z`rtast d`bw kceabdc+ ct dabg+ dc wceokcr nbtîmrîw+ g`r nkw wabt z`rtncw

zrcb`btcw ds W~wtæec `yndcecbt gszndc ct `rrnynwtc enw cbŗsyrc z`r kcw Lsdîa%i`wgnwtcw ct kcw Gfrnwtn`ba%i`wgnwtcw `bmka%èîrng`nbw+ `ycg psn nkw abt cb gaeesb k` gra~`bgc d„ìtrc dcwtnbîwê rîmbcr wsr kc eabdc+ psn kcsr `zz`rtncbt ds wcsk i`nt dc kcsrndîakamnc rcknmncswc+ psn kcw `rr`bmc oncb cb kcw zk`í`bt `s gcbtrcds eabdc" G„cwt z`rtngsknærcecbt kc g`w dcw E`rag`nbw+ psn wcwabt e`wwnycecbt rîz`bdsw z`rtast cb Csrazc+ yanrc cb

@eîrnpsc+ gaeec kcw Lsniw+ cb b„`~`bt psc kcw eatw dc k„`rmcbt+dcw trìngw ct ds gaeecrgc d`bw kcsrw gabycrw`tnabw"



743

psan yasw z`wwcrnc| zasr dcw nb`d`ztîw wagn`sv nbg`z`%okcw dc yasw wasecttrc ê k` barec w`dae`wagfnwtc dc

k„ndîakamnc daenb`btc wagna%zakntnga%onoknpsc &gck` yaswîyntcr` cb astrc ps„¨ ab ¸ wòatc yatrc yantsrc ctps„¨ ab ¸ gake`tc k` wcrrsrc dc yatrc gfèorc+ cbtrc`strcw rîlasnww`bgcw eìncswcw 8 wn yasw b„`yc| z`wgabwgncbgc d„ìtrc cbtasrîw dc rcpsnbw+ dc y`srncbw+ dcornm`bdw+ dc e`ki`nw`btw+ dc zctntw eìnawn dc ecrdc."&¨ Laïa" ¸ G„cwt sb zrîbae ir`bí`nw í` 1 G„cwt sb eatpsn gabtncbt `wwc| dc ¨ a ¸ zasr i`nrc sb dasokc trasdc gsk+ `ycg kc ¨ ` ¸ d„cvgkè`tnab" ¨ Laïa ¸ _adrnmscK` Ecrmsc| 8 kc mamaknb" G„cwt kc bae d„sb t~zc psn z`rkc`st`bt zartsm`nw psc ir`bí`nw cb e`bnicwt`bt zkswd„`tt`gfcecbt ìicgtni ct gsktsrck `s Zartsm`k ps„ê kÌr`bgc 8 wceokòkc ps„nk cwt+ d`bw wab `ttntsdc ct d`bw

w` ecbt`kntî+ d`bw wab nbgsktsrc ct d`bw wcw rng`bc%ecbtw+ `sv @ròa%e`mfrîonbw dc o`wwc%gasr ct dcy`bntî" Cvcezk`nrc `wwnenk`tnab ê k` zartsm`nwc pscyankê+ ycb`bt d„sb t~zc psn taeoc dc f`st ps`bd ab ksndnt ps„sb Ir`bga%dc%z`zncr%e`mfrîonb cwt `swwnIr`bí`nw psc ksn+ as `swwn zcs+ kc Ir`bga%dc%z`zncr%

zartsm`nw &tast `s eanbw `sv ~csv d„sbc gcrt`nbcIr`bgc+ dc k` Ir`bgc gaweazakntc ct onm`rrîc+ z`rgcps„`sv ~csv dc k„`strc+ k„ctfbagcbtrnpsc….+ ksn psn granteîrntcr d„ìtrc gabwndîrî gaeec sb yr`n Ir`bí`nw z`rgcps„nk oant ds ynb ct icwtanc yakabtncrw `ycg gcsv ê psn nki`nt granrc ps„nk cwt cb ìinbntî cb ît`bt r`yn dc kcw

`yanr rcbgabtrîw &ct `swwn z`rgc ps„nk i`nt ît`k`mc dc w`



749

ync wcvsckkc+ ct z`rgc ps„nk gaeztc wsr kcw `strcw zasrksn cvzknpscr gc ps„nk bc zrcbd z`w k` zcnbc d„îtsdncr+ ct

wsr wcw rck`tnabw zasr aotcbnr sbc i`ycsr ct trasycr sbcezkan.+ cb wc iarí`bt ê rnrc kasrdcecbt zasr basrrnrsbc zwcsda èon`bgc gabynyn`kc `rtningnckkcecbt îkòa%rîc zasr aoknmcr kcw mcbw ê wc eîk`bmcr ps`bd wzabt`%bîecbt tast kc eabdc ` cbync dc wc rctrasycr wan+cbtrc wan+ dc iarecr dcw zctntw mraszcw d„nbtnecw ctdc wc ecttrc ê k„òrn d„sb eabdc zakksî z`r tast ctb„nezartc psan"Zasrt`bt+ ê k„fcsrc aþ k` k`bmsc ir`bí`nwc wc ecsrt+îgr`wîc wasw kc t`kab neznta~òkc dc k„ceznrc `bmka%w`vab nezîrn`knwtc ct mîbagnd`nrc+ k` e`âtrnwc dc k`k`bmsc ir`bí`nwc ct dc k„fnwtanrc dc Ir`bgc b„cwt%ckkcz`w zksw wnmbning`tnyc ct zrneardn`kc+ d`y`bt`mc psc kcw

i`rnoakcw dc gk`wwc e`tcrbckkc ct k` gabwaee`tnabmîbîr`knwîc dc ynb 1 zasr zrasycr wab `tt`gfcecbt ê kÌr`bgc ps„sbc oabbc z`rtnc dcw ¨ îkntcw ¸ ir`bí`nwcwbc basrrnwwcbt z`w" Gck` cb icr`nt+ dcw Ir`bí`nw psneîrntcr`ncbt dc zcrdrc kcsr b`tnab`kntî ir`bí`nwc !E`nw+ nk cwt tckkcecbt zksw `nwî d„ìtrc ¨ Ir`bí`nw ¸ cb

tît`bt sbc o`rrnpsc dc ynb zasr ¨ wc ecttrc enbòkc ¸&nkw `necbt í`+ `zz`rceecbt kcw Ir`bí`nw+ ¨ wc ecttrcenbòkc ¸ ct ¨ wc i`nrc ecttrc enbòkc ¸ 8 bc wcr`nt%gcpsc z`r gabiarenwec+ z`rgc psc gck` garrcwzabd tastwnezkcecbt ê gc ps„cwt dcycbsc k` Ir`bgc. 8 g„cwt ê k`zartîc dc b„nezartc psck wsgcsr psn bc wasiirc bn

d„`kkcrmnc ‗ `sv wskintcw ‗ bn d„`gndntî m`wtrnpsc &kcw



74=

îmagcbtrnpscw ct nbgsktcw gf`ramb`rdw fse`nbw bcgaezrcbbcbt z`w ps„sb yîmît`rncb psn bc isec z`w ct

bc oant z`w ds gìî ‗ dîwf~dr`t`bt ‗ gaeec csv b„`z`w ocwanb dc oanrc tastc k` lasrbîc gaeec csv."@ dîi`st dc ornkkcr z`r wab ir`bí`nw+ kc Ir`bga%dc%z`zncr%zartsm`nw gsktnyî z`r kc Drant ds wak dcyr`ntgf`bmcr w` dîbaenb`tnab zasr sb bae ê z`rtngskc <¨ Laïa Kc Zst`nb dc w` r`gc ¸ wcr`nt zksw gabiarec êgc ps„nk cwt 8 nk wcr`nt `nbwn gk`nrcecbt ndcbtninòkc+ gcpsn ksn îyntcr`nt dc wsonr kcw r`nkkcrncw ps„nk nbiknmc `svIr`bga%e`mfrîonbw &wsr psn nk wc dîo`rr`wwc dc kè`kîdngtnab dc k„neenmrî. z`rgc ps„nk kcw ` w`bw dastcksn%eìec wsoncw dc k` oasgfc y`wcswc dcw Ir`bí`nw dcecrdc"Sb dasokc bae ê z`rtngskc+ g„cwt nbdsontòkcecbt

encsv 8 í` i`nt dcsv ianw zksw Ir`bí`nw+ ct í` ksnzcrecttr`nt d„îz`tcr Wt Trazc|+ aþ ab w„cbpscrr`nt <— Dntcw%ean+ eab gfcr &zcrecttc|%ean ! yasw ìtcw dcwbôtrcw+ dîware`nw.… zrîiîrc|%yasw psc basw yasw`zzcknabw ¨ Kc zst`nb ¸ as ¨ Dc w` r`gc ¸ 1— Fse+ efe+ fse+ efe… @zræw eørc rîikcvnab+ ct

dcsv ickk`tnabw+ lc wasf`ntcr`nw psc yasw e„`zzcknc|¨ Laïa E`bsck Kc zst`nb Dc w` r`gc 04:+ i`stc dc psan

04: As oncb zcst%ìtrc+ ¨ Laïa Kc zst`nb E`bsck Dc w` r`gc ¸+ e`nwgck` icr`nt dasokc cezkan+ ct gck` zasrr`nt wcecr kc trasokc+gaeec k` dasokc gaeztònkntî d„sbc dasokc ync+ dîgk`rîc+ z`w

dîgk`rîc… `s rcm`rd nbdnwgrct ds Inwg ct dc k„Srwwì 8 gc psn cbicr`nt+ yasw cb gabyncbdrc|+ sb bae psckpsc zcs kasrd ê zartcr" Nk



746

l„îzrasycr`nw kc wcbtnecbt tcrrnin`bt d„ìtrc èzstî dcean%eìec 8 gaeec wîz`rî dc ecw `bgìtrcw" Gaezrc%

bc|%yasw 1— Af+ asn ! z`ri`ntcecbt… gaeec d„ìtrc gnrgabgnw+ cbwaeec" Psckkc farrcsr"— Tast ê i`nt ! @strcecbt+ lc bc w`sr`nw zksw ec wcbtnryîrntòkcecbt Ir`bí`nw 8 lc wcr`nw+ ê ean tast wcsk+gaeec sb zcszkc lsni mîbagndî"— Lc z`rt`mc òwaksecbt yatrc wcbtnecbt+ træw gfcr"Ct zsnw+ ¨ Kc zst`nb Dc w` r`gc ¸+ g„cwt tckkcecbtrìinbî ! D„`st`bt zksw psc… fse… lc ec wsnw k`nwwîdnrc psc yasw îtnc| sbc inbc kèc"— Aaf%fff ! Yasw ec ik`ttc|+ eab èn+ yasw ecik`ttc|" Dnwabw zkstôt… ffee… sb cwz`dab+ sbf`rzabbcsr+ sb znkabbcsr+ sb zanbíabbcsr… sbc ontc wsr

z`ttcw+ wn yasw zrîiîrc|" E` onwtaspscttc ec kczcrect" Lc b„`n z`w eìec ocwanb dc oncb o`bdcr+ í`rcbtrc tast í`… nk ~ ` wn zcs ê cbiabgcr 8 eìec z`w sbgkas+ lswtc sbc zsb`nwc".Wn yasw dcwgcbdc| d„sbc eabt`mbc cbbcnmîc+ k`nwwc| dcgôtî yaw gadcw dc ynrnkc rswtngntî gèz`mb`rdc" Nkw

dîzk`nwcbt `sv knttar`sv cbwakcnkkîw+ psn ycskcbt daenbcrcb wc zrîwcbt`bt gaeec kcw wcskw ct sbnpscw eadækcwdc ynrnkntî ct dc e`wgsknbntî ‗ ìnb dc w„`ttnrcr tasw kcwrcm`rdw ct tastcw kcw i`ycsrw ‗+ csv psn yasw rcm`rdc%

cøt zasrt`bt îtî gabiarec ê k` rnmscsr dc e„nbtradsnrc `s tntrc

dc ¨ Laïa E`bsck _adrnmsc K` ecrmsc| Kc zst`nb Dc w` r`gc DcGamakc ¸"



74>

rabt dc tr`ycrw dcrrnærc kcsrw ksbcttcw banrcw darîcwê k` zcnbtsrc eît`kknwîc 8 í` bab zksw+ nkw bc gaezrcb%

bcbt z`w &nkw bc gaezrcbbcbt z`w mr`bd%gfawc+ gcwgabw%kê+ `karw nkw l`kaswcbt ct cbyncbt oc`sgasz.+ dabgnkw rclcttcbt cb okag cb nbtcrdnw`bt ê kcsrw wasenwd„ìtrc ct dc i`nrc gc ps„nkw bc gaezrcbbcbt z`w &nkwycnkkcbt ê gc psc zcrwabbc bc kcw dîz`wwc dc k` ontc ctdc k` tìtc 8 ìnb dc zasyanr k` m`rdcr f`stc." Ct dcy`btyatrc rcisw dc yasw gabiarecr ê w` i`íab dc i`nrc+ kcbîa%eìnawa zasrr`nt yasw aiirnr sbc g`rtasgfc ê amnycdc t~zc > ee cb yasw nbynt`bt w`rg`wtnpscecbt <¨ Tncbw+ ectw%tan sbc o`kkc" ¸ Ct w„nk nbwnbsc ps„cb g`wdc rcisw dc z`rtngnzcr `s o`rocgsc%zît`bpsc%gasrw%dc%rck`tnab%zsoknpsc040 ¨ ab ksn znwwc wsr k` tìtc ¸ &asn+¨ ab ¸+ í` y` taslasrw z`r ¨ ab ¸+ gcw `bne`sv%kê.04?+

040 Zsnwpsc `kkcr `s rcwt`sr`bt wceok`nt zawcr zraokæec ê gcrt`nbw+¨ ab ¸ w„cwt dnt ps„ ¨ ab ¸ dcy`nt arm`bnwcr sb rcz`w gakkcgtni wsrzk`gc 8 z`rgc ps„nk i`kk`nt e`bnicwtcecbt+ òwaksecbt+ psc kcw`bne`sv ds |aa zfagîcb dîyarcbt cbwceokc dcw eargc`sv dcg`d`yrc mrnkkîw zasr `zzrcbdrc ê asyrnr k` oasgfc w`bw psc gc wantzasr wc oasiicr k` mscskc 8 `nbwn eìec psc k„ab `zzrcbd `sv gfncbw

ct `sv gf`tw ê wc takîrcr cb kcw i`nw`bt e`bmcr d`bw k` eìecmèckkc"E`nw ab bc w„cwt taslasrw z`w dnt ps„nk i`sdr`nt arm`bnwcr sb wszcro`rocgsc eabdn`k ‗ `ycg irabtnærcw asycrtcw ‗ zasr psc kcwtcrrncbw gcwwcbt dc w„cbtrcdîyarcr 8 gck` gabtr`rncr`nt trazd„nbtîrìtw"04? Nk bc yasw kc dnr` z`w cb i`gc 8 zasr bc z`w wc ecttrc awtcb%

wnokcecbt farw k` kan" Nk kc icr` w`yanr ê wab nbtcrkagstcsr+ cbycnkk`bt ê gc psc yasw k„cbtcbdnc|" Nkw wabt baeorcsv ê `mnr dc k`



73:

rctcbc|%yasw dc ksn zk`btcr yatrc iasrgfcttc d`bw k`marmc ct dc ksn îgr`wcr k` tìtc `ycg k` kasrdc tòkc ds

rîicgtanrc047

+ g`r wn kcw incbtcw dc gap psn wc trîeasw%wcbt gabtnbsckkcecbt dcy`bt kcw gèîr`w dc tîkîynwnabbc wszzartcbt z`w kc eanbdrc eat dc tr`ycrw ê kcsrîm`rd+ zasrwsntcw lsdngn`nrcw ê k„`zzsn+ yasw+ zazsk`gc+ìtcw wszzawîc `y`kcr tastc k` ecrdc psc kcw mr`bdwgfciw dîycrwcbt wsr yasw ds f`st dc kcsr zradnmncswczakntnpsc044 8 g`r `nbwn iabgtnabbc kc eabdc < gcsv d„cbo`w danycbt zartcr ê oast dc or`w kcw gfcynkkcw cbikîcwdcw mr`bdw gfciw zabtnin`btw 8 g„cwt zasrpsan tast kceabdc ycst ìtrc mr`bd gfncsr zkstôt psc zctnt k`ycsrdc gfnattcw+ oc`s z`rkcr zkstôt ps„cwws~csr dc zkïtrc"@ yasw kcw e`sy`nwcw adcsrw dc zncdw ct dc zctw+ ê csvk` mkanrc ct k` iartsbc" &Wn yasw `nec| k` mrïgc ct k`

yaksztî+ ct kcw laknw zartw dc or`w+ zrîiîrc|+ `s wzcg%t`gkc dc Gaeo`t knorc psc dabbcbt kcw zcrwabb`mcw

wartc+ dc k` oardnkkc ir`bga%zartsm`nwc `s bòat ockmc+ cbz`ww`bt z`w kc bîa%eìnawa garwc"047 Wn yasw ìtcw sb Ir`bí`nw d„arnmnbc+ yasw zasyc| `nwîecbt

ecb`gcr dc zragîdsrc lsdngn`nrc kcw iabdw dc zrîwcry`tniw sw`mîwpsn ycskcbt i`nrc kcsr kan+ ct kcw eakcwtcr w`bw rnwpscr k` dîgfî`bgcct k ¨ dasokc zcnbc ¸" Wn yasw ìtcw d„arnmnbc îtr`bmærc+ wsrtast rîzstîz`r`wntc ct zraintcswc ds Ir`bí`nw+ nk i`st k` lascr zksw inbc"044 Csv wabt dcw yantsrcw dc ksvc dabt k` g`rrawwcrnc bc w`sr`ntcbdsrcr kc eanbdrc `ggrag w`bw zcrdrc dc kcsr zrcwtnmc+ t`bdnwpsc yasw ìtcw dcw yîfngskcw stnknt`nrcw dcwtnbîw ê ìtrc e`kecbîw

wsr kcw gf`btncrw ct d`bw kcw gfèzw+ d`bw k` oasc+ kc gèoasnw+wasw kcw ardsrcw ct kcw nbtcezîrncw"



730

zakntnpscw ‗ `ycg kcsrw gaszw o`w ‗+ kc o`kkct gk`wwnpsc 8ct `karw+ ê yasw `ròcwpsc+ zanbtc ct mr`bd lctî".

&Gcksn%kê psn lasc kc dsr w`bw zcsr ct w`bw rczragfc+Drantnwtc zratcwt`bt `dcztc ds ¨ tr`y`nkkcr zksw zasrm`mbcr zksw ¸+ psn yant dcw i`nbî`btw z`rtast aþ nk b„~ `z`w dcw ïzrcw `y`rcw aowîdîw z`r k„`ggsesk`tnab dcz`trneanbc ct k„`yndc cbrngfnwwcecbt r`zndc+ gaeec ksnkc oasrwngatcsr… nk zrcbdr` ock ct oncb zcsr+ t`bt ct wnoncb psc+ zasr bc zksw ìtrc k` gnokc ds bîa%eìnawa+ nk wcecttr` ê tr`fnr k„Nbtrnms`bt `ycg psn nk ît`nt cb ìinbntî+k„Nbtrnms`bt wsr psn kc eìnawa ct wcw wonrcw wsnynwtcwdîok`tærcbt zasr zcrgcr kc e~wtærc 8 z`rgc psc kcw`bne`sv en%fse`nbw+ gaeec tasw kcw `bne`sv+ bc wszzar%tcbt z`w d„`yanr sb e~wtîrncsv+ sb nbgabbs+ sb îtr`bmcr+sb nbdnynds e`k as bab ndcbtninî d`bw kcsr cbynrabbc%

ecbt neeîdn`t+ ps„nkw gabwndærcbt ìtrc kc kcsr+ gaeecnkw gabwndærcbt kcsr kncs dc z`ww`mc as dc wîlasr cbt`bt psc kcsr cwz`gc ynt`k+ kcsr tcrrntanrc tcezar`nrc aszcre`bcbt043"Kc bîa%eìnawa ksn `rr`gfcr` kcw ycrw ds bc| < ¨ Tan psnz`rkcw `ycg ksn+ dnw%basw dc psan ts z`rkcw `ycg ksn+ dnw%

basw gc ps„nk tc dnt" ¸ @ dîi`st dc zasyanr r`zzartcr gcpsn b„`sr` lè`nw îtî îyapsî+ cb msnwc d„`kkîmc`bgc

043 Gcw `bne`sv+ gaeec k` zksz`rt dcw `bne`sv+ wsrtast zrîd`%tcsrw+ abt kc wcbw `nms dc k„`zz`rtcb`bgc+ dc k` zrazrnîtî ct dck„`zzrazrn`tnab" G„cwt zasrpsan kc g`znt`knwec i`nt rcgcttc+ dc eìec

psc k` zr`tnpsc dc k` gnrgabgnwnab wc rîz`bd `nwîecbt z`rtast+ aþræmbcbt kcw zstcw ct kcw oìtcw fse`nbcw"



73?

cbycrw k„`zzrcbtn eìnawa garwc ps„nk dcyr` r`ww`wncr+ nknr` cwznabbcr k„Nbtrnm`bt d`bw w` ¨ znakc ¸+ zasr rîzî%

tcr `s eìnawa tast gc ps„nk ~ `sr` ys < nk rcm`rd`nt k`yndîa d„sbc znb%sz l`zab`nwc dîèosk`bt cb onhnbn wsrsbc zk`mc &sbc yndîa g`gfîc d`bw kc ingfncr kcsrrc d„sbrîwc`s nbiare`tnpsc dc z`rt`mc. ‗ t`bdnw psc k„cwznabcb fcroc rcm`rdc ds zarba gr`dc psc k„îtrab zartsm`nwksn ` rcinkî ‗… nk îgast`nt dc k` eswnpsc… nk ~ ` gcgn ctgck` d`bw w` ¨ znakc ¸+ nk ~ i`nt gcgn ct gck`"Kc gszndc+ psn wc k` lasc oasrrs e`gfa dcw eabt`mbcw+icr` g`g` d`bw w` gskattc ps`bd kc bîa%eìnawa garwckc ecb`gcr` d„sbc o`kkc+ gc dcrbncr b„`~`bt z`w `zzrî%gnî d„ìtrc ròrasî z`r sb `zzrcbtn faeec `stfcbtnpscgfcrgf`bt sb eadækc dc ynrnkntî d`bw kcw inkew ectt`btcb wgæbc dcw mk`dn`tcsrw+ dcw gfcy`kncrw ct dc

raoswtcw gabpsîr`btw kasrdcecbt gasycrtw dc iasr%rsrc ct mrawwnærcecbt `reîw dc mk`nyc &yasw yaswrcbdc| tr`bpsnkkcecbt d`bw sb Gcbtrc dc iare`tnab ctyasw yasw rctrasyc| gabirabtîw ê dc k„nbtnend`tnabeìncswc … ê k`nwwcr z`btanw psngabpsc rîikîgfnt sb zcsct bc rîzabd z`w `s ps`rt dc tasr wn g„cwt `s rnwpsc

d„cbycbnecr k„ìi`nrc lswps„ê k` eart as k` zrnwab." Ctgcksn psn ît`nt sb gè`r`dc w`bw e`kngc z`rtngsknærc wcecttr` ê dcycbnr sbc ¨ o`k`bgc ¸+ sb nbdng zasr kcgaeztc dc k` zst`wwnærc ikng`nkkc zwcsda eìncswceîgfèecbt îmagcbtrnpsc wsr kcw oardw 8 gaeec w`k`bmsc wc ecttr` ê dîok`tîrcr ê tast%y` `s gabt`gt

r`zzragfî `ycg kc zartsm`nw" G„cwt kc w`syc psn zcst…



737

Nk zcst+ w`bw fabtc+ i`nrc k` zstc zasr kc zrava garwc+g`r nk b„cwt z`w kc wcsk+ d`bw kc mraszc psn i`nt dc k`

zst`wwcrnc sbc barec `s wcryngc ds eìnawa dcwcryngc+ dc k` ¨ gafîwnab dc mraszc ¸ gk`bnpsc+ dck„¨ cwzrnt d„îpsnzc ¸ trno`k" Gaeec gct `strc zst`nb+ sboasiiab dc _amb`gab psn bc wszzartc z`w psc gcksn psnwc dîtcbd cb e`rgf`bt ê fsnt eætrcw dc kê wceokcîgastcr kc o`r`masnb ps„nk rîwcryc `sv ps`trc gabw dcwab cwzægc+ ksn psn cwt `kkî ê 0:: he dc kê+ radcr wsr kckncs dc ync dc k„Nbtrnms`bt zasr iasnbcr d`bw w` ynczrnyîc+ cb iasnkk`bt d`bw kcw zasockkcw+ ps„nk ` rîz`b%dscw `sv ps`trc ganbw dc k„cbdrant &kcw r`gksrcw dcgfnattc b„`necbt z`w kcw iasnbcsrw gaeec kcw lasrb`%knwtcw d„nbycwtnm`tnab+ e`nw ps`bd kc z`zncr gsk dc gcw lasrb`knwtcw zcrect `sv r`gksrcw dc gfnattc dc iasr%

rcr kcsr bc| d`bw kcw ìi`nrcw dcw `strcw zasr w„~easgfcr+ kc z`zncr gsk bc wcbt zksw kc g`g`+ e`nw kòabbc adcsr dc w`yab wsr ds knbmc w`kc." Ct ps`bd sbczstc zawc dcw pscwtnabw dc zstc+ gc wabt dcw zstcw psnrîzabdcbt `ycg k` k`bmsc dcw zstcw+ psn o`ycbt+gr`gfcbt ct gabgfncbt" Ct tasw gc psc kcw zstcw wc

dnwcbt cbtrc ckkcw wsr kc daw dc k„Nbtrnms`bt wcr`rîzîtî z`rtast+ èzkninî ct dîiareî" Ct í`+ í` wczrcbd zasr dcw faeecw+ dcw yr`nw+ z`rgc psc í`trcezc kc onwgsnt ê k` gsnkkærc d`bw kcw oasgfcw o`ycs%wcw ct kc oasdanr d`bw ds k`nt gf`sd"Zcrwabbc b„`nec kcw ¨ o`k`bgcw ¸+ w`si karwps„ckkcw

¨ o`k`bgcbt ¸ zasr kc gaeztc dc gcsv psn bc kcw `necbt



734

z`w" Kcw eìncsv cb tast mcbrc b„`necbt z`w gc psn bckcw `rr`bmc z`w+ e`nw nkw `necbt gc psn kcw `rr`bmc+

eìec w„nk w„`mnt d„sbc wcskc ct eìec gfawc 8 k„cwwcbtnckzasr csv b„cwt z`w k` b`tsrc dcw gfawcw+ e`nwk„`y`bt`mc ps„nkw cb tnrcbt+ wsny`bt kcw gnrgabwt`bgcw" Ctnkw wabt baeorcsv ê zcwtcr gabtrc kcw dnwgrnenb`tnabw+kcw i`yarntnwecw+ kcw znwtabw+ kcw gcgn ct kcw gck`… w`sikarwps„nkw cb zraintcbt" @nbwn+ ps`bd sb nbdnynds¨ o`k`bgc ¸ wsr sbc nbwtntstnab+ g„cwt mîbîr`kcecbt ps„nkb„` z`w e`bmî ê w` i`ne 8 nk b„cwt z`w w`tnwi`nt dstr`ntcecbt psc k„nbwtntstnab ksn ` rîwcryî+ `karw nk wcycbmc cb ¨ o`k`bí`bt ¸+ gc ps„nk b„`sr`nt z`w i`nt`strcecbt".G„cwt oc`s k` Ir`bgc+ d`bw k„cbwceokc+ e`nw g„cwtgaeec kcw `strcw z`~w < ysc d„cb dcwwasw+ dc kê aþ yasw

yasw zrcbc| k` znwwc ct k` ecrdc d`bw k` mscskc+ gcb„cwt z`w træw rîlasnww`bt 8 ê eanbw d„ìtrc sb iîtn%gfnwtc sra%wg`ta dasokî d„sb |aazfnkc bîgrazfnkc" Yaswìtcw dîlê `dcztcw ds w`da%e`wagfnwec gnrgabgnwcsr+gck` dcyr`nt yasw `ndcr ‗ ê ¨ o`nwcr ¸ `ycg kcw|aeoncw ‗" Ct ps`bd yasw gabwt`tcrc| psc k` znwwc ct k`

ecrdc yncbbcbt `swwn d„cb f`st+ yasw yasw dce`bdcrc|gc ps„nk ~ ` dc wn oc`s cb Ir`bgc+ cb dcfarw dc w`Wîgsrntî wagn`kc+ psn cwt gczcbd`bt cb tr`nb d„ìtrcgnrgabgnwc+ t`bt zasr k` rcbdrc eanbw `ttr`gtnyc psczasr fïtcr wab nbciingncbgc"Tast gck` bc wcr` zasrt`bt psc kc dîost d„sbc wsntc

mîaeîtrnpsc dc wartncw ct dc dîtcbtcw+ gcbwîcw cezì%



733

gfcr psc kcw `bne`sv bc wc oasiicbt k` mscskc &z`rgcpsc ¨ psn darw dâbc ¸+ ct z`rgc ps„sb daeztcsr bc zcst

tr`y`nkkcr ps„`ycg dcw `bne`sv r`ww`wnîw ct tr`bpsnk%knwîw.+ gc psn bc e`bpscr` bî`beanbw z`w d„`rrnycr 8wsrycnkkc| yaw `rrnærcw lswps„ê k` dcrbnærc fcsrc+ wnyasw bc yaskc| z`w ps„sb `bne`k ìièî iargc k`zartnærc dc yatrc yantsrc &cb wc rctcb`bt dc ornwcr k`yntrc+ z`rgc psc g„cwt traz zcs dnwgrct. zasr yakcr kcwìi`nrcw &batèecbt kcw ycwtcw wasw faswwc+ psn wcrcycbdcbt w`bw dastc i`gnkcecbt. psn w„~ trasycrabt&ct psc+ ê wab `ynw+ yasw `yc| yasw%eìecw+ iargîecbt+zraoòkcecbt yakîcw.… b„îgastc| z`w wniikcr kcwwcrzcbtw ê garbcw ct ê wabbcttc < ¨ Í` rnwpsc rncb ngn ¸+ît`bt wasw%cbtcbds psc ¨ ab cwt cb iènkkc ¸+ d„`st`btpsc kcw Ir`bí`nw bc wabt z`w dcw yakcsrw+ csv 8 cb

iènkkc+ zcst%ìtrc+ e`nw d`bw sbc iènkkc d„cbgskîwcbgskcsrw" B„fîwntc| dabg z`w ê g`dcb`wwcr k„`reanrcaþ wc trasycbt yaw ìi`nrcw+ ìnb psc zcrwabbc &lc bcdabbc z`w d„`strc nbdng`tnab…. b„~ iasnkkc ct bc rîzætc&zrcwpsc. z`rtast gc psn wc trasyc dcd`bw+ ~ gaezrnwd`bw yatrc o`m`mc+ gaeec+ z`r cvcezkc+ sbc cbyckazzc

gabtcb`bt ds ¨ knpsndc ¸"G`r bab+ gck` bc wsiint z`w 8 d`bw k` ynkkc dcw e`kir`twaþ zrcwpsc 6:# dcw mcbw tasgfcbt dcw `ndcw wagn`kcw+ab ` k„fòntsdc dc ¨ i`nrc gr`gfcr ¸ kcw `strcw zasr wci`nrc z`~cr gc dabt ab ` ocwanb" Kcw `starntîw bcecttcbt lè`nw `wwc| k` e`nb ê k` zagfc zasr `gfctcr

k` z`nv wagn`kc 8 wsrtast ps`bd kc W~wtæec cwt o`wî wsr



739

k„`rmcbt cb i`nw`bt granrc psc tast w„`gfætc ct psck„`rmcbt zcst tast i`nrc ct tast rîwasdrc &z`w ocwanb

dc zakntnpsc dc k` ync+ z`w ocwanb dc zralct dc wagnîtî+nk wsiint d„nezrnecr dcw onkkctw+ zasr cbya~cr kcw mcbw êk` mscrrc as zasr kcw i`nrc w„`kkabmcr+ zasr kcw i`nrctr`y`nkkcr as zasr kcw i`nrc gf`btcr+ nk wsiint d„`mntcrdcw onkkctw dc eabb`nc." Kcw mcbw dc oabbc yakabtî b„cbiabt lè`nw `wwc|" Kcw `bne`sv wabt baeorcsv+ traz+ct nkw wabt z`rtast+ ê w„cvgntcr estsckkcecbt" Nkw b„abtz`w k„`zz`rcbgc dcw asrw as dcw kaszw psc k„ab gf`wwc êgaszw dc iswnk+ e`nw csv `swwn abt zrnw kcsrw ps`rtncrwz`rtast d`bw k` wagnîtî+ ct z`rtast nk i`st wc zkncr êkcsr `bne`kntî" G„cwt gc psc kcw `starntîw w`bw gasnkkcw`ttcbdcbt dc yasw+ gc ps„ckkcw `ttcbdcbt dcw Ir`bí`nwpsn bc ycskcbt z`w mscrra~cr < psc kcw `bne`sv ps„ckkcw

bc zcsycbt îknenbcr sb z`r sb wc i`wwcbt estsckkcecbtk` zc`s cb tcezw dc mscrrc+ as oncb ps„nkw wc kægfcbt ctw„îzasnkkcbt estsckkcecbt cb tcezw dc z`nv"Ps`bd ab zrîtcbd cbg`mcr kcw `bne`sv cb kcw cezì%gf`bt dc e`bnicwtcr k„nbwtnbgt `bne`k psn kcsr zcrectdc wsrynyrc+ nk i`st wsoycbnr ê kcsrw ocwanbw 8 ps`bd ab

z`rpsc kcw oìtcw fse`nbcw d`bw dcw |aaw ìnb dczcrecttrc `sv rngfcw zrîd`tcsrw fse`nbw dc w„`dabbcrê psckpsc `bne`kc z`rtnc dc gf`wwc inb`bgnærc w`bwìtrc csv%eìecw k` zranc dcw z`syrcw `bne`sv ìièîw"Ngn+ basw waeecw cb tcezw dc z`nv" Kcw `starntîw bcycskcbt z`w w„cbm`mcr d`bw sbc mscrrc Arncbt%

Aggndcbt 8 kcw Ir`bí`nw rîgkècbt psc kcw `bne`sv



73=

wancbt rcenw ê kcsr zk`gc+ kanb d„ngn+ gfc| csv+ e`nw kcwIr`bí`nw bc ycskcbt z`w wc gf`rmcr dc k` tïgfc nbmr`tc+

w`knww`btc+ d`bmcrcswc+ estnk`btc &wn kcw @eîrng`nbwzasy`ncbt enknt`nrcecbt kcw w`sycr+ sbc ianw dc zksw+ í`zasrr`nt `ndcr ê inb`knwcr k„èîrng`bnw`tnab dc eîeîCsrazc." Kc tcezw cwt dabg `s kîgf`mc ct ê k„îzasnkk`mc"Zrcbc| ds oab tcezw" Bc gabtcwtc| z`w+ oìkc| 8 wsnyc|+gasgfc|%yasw kcw sbw wsr kcw `strcw" Zc`gc `bd kayc+z`rtas|c ct isecttc" ¨ Bnpsc| ¸+ wsgc|+ wadaenwc|" Kctcezw dc k` mscrrc yncbdr` wørcecbt+ sb dc gcw lasrw+e`nw z`w tast dc wsntc+ z`w e`nbtcb`bt 8 ¨ ab ¸ i`ntdsrcr `st`bt ps„ ¨ ab ¸ kc zcst" Bc lasc| dabg z`w kcwazzaw`btw+ kcw mscrrncrw+ kcw rîwnwt`btw dc k` zrcenærcfcsrc+ gc b„cwt z`w cbgarc k„fcsrc+ `karw í` bc z`ncr`z`w+ ct znrc+ yasw z`wwcrnc| zasr dcw z~rae`bcw+ dcw

`mnt`tcsrw+ dcw i`stcsrw dc trasokc+ dcw e`ki`ntcsrw"M`rdc| cb yasw tast gc psc yasw `yc| ê îrsgtcr"M`rdc| tast zasr+ kc eaecbt ycbs+ tast o`k`bgcr+ `ycgkcw `recw ps„nk i`st+ kcw o`kkcw as kcw eatw+ `d`ztîcw êk` wnts`tnab" @ttcbdrc sbc oabbc mscrrc zasrdîr`tnwcr+ yasw bc wcrc| z`w kcw wcskw ê kc i`nrc"

Gf`gsb iasront wcw `recw" @s zrcencr yr`n gasz dcics+ í` tnrcr` dc tasw kcw gôtîw"

Cb `ttcbd`bt kc mr`bd wanr dc k` dîknyr`bgc fcsrcswc+

yasw dcyc| yasw iarecr+ yasw dîiarecr+ yasw



736

rîiarecr+ yasw gabiarecr+ yasw iare`tcr zasr zasyanrcvnwtcr cb wagnîtî" Gck` wc z`wwc d`bw dcw kncsv psn

zrcbbcbt z`rianw k„`kksrc dc wnenkn wcgtcw" Kê+ dcwpscwtnabw wc oaswgskcrabt d`bw yatrc tìtc z`rgc pscyasw îzrasycrc| kc wcbtnecbt trasok`bt ps„nk wc z`wwcpsckpsc gfawc d„`bare`k+ k„nezrcwwnab d„ìtrc d`bw sb`strc z`~w+ wsr sbc `strc zk`bætc+ d`bw sb kncs rîmn z`rdcw ræmkcw psn b„`zz`rtncbbcbt z`w `sv ræmkcw dc kòncbwî`bgc+ e`nw `sv ræmkcw dcw wcgtcw+ dcw nbtî%mrnwecw+ dcw eìn`w" Nk yasw wceokcr` psc psckpscgfawc d„îtr`bmc ct d„nbpsnît`bt w„cwt z`wwî+ cbtrc kceaecbt aþ yasw `yc| rcís sbc îdsg`tnab nbntn`kc ct kceaecbt aþ+ ynbmt `bw zksw t`rd+ yasw dcyc| tastrcecttrc ê zk`t zasr cb rcgcyanr sb `strc" Kc e`k`nwcbc wc zradsnr` z`w `ycg tast kc zcrwabbck+ psn cwt

bare`kcecbt zk`nw`bt ct bare`kcecbt aggszî `s oabiabgtnabbcecbt dc k„îtòknwwcecbt+ w`bw ìtrc `bneîd„sbc `rrnærc%zcbwîc zrawîk~tc psn bc dnt z`w wab baect psn tr`bwz`r`ât d`bw sbc nbwnwt`bgc dastcswc êeadckcr k„cwzrnt dcw mcbw zasr `strc gfawc psck„cvcrgngc ds eîtncr `spsck nkw wc dcwtnbcbt… kc e`k`nwc

yncbdr` d„sbc nbwnwt`bgc wasrbanwc ê yasw gabiarecr êsbc i`íab d„ìtrc ct dc i`nrc psn tasgfc ê k` ync zrnyîc+`sv eŗsrw+ ê k` ecbt`kntî+ `s eadc dc ync ct dczcbwîc+ `s eadækc dc wagnîtî psn b„cwt z`w gcksn dc kÌr`bgc+ e`nw gcksn dc k„@tk`w"&Ps`bd ab cb yncbt ê dîgckcr sb zraokæec dc iabd

&d„ndcbtning`tnab. d`bw k„îdsg`tnab wgak`nrc dcw m`ríabw



73>

ê g`swc dc k` iîenbnw`tnab astr`bgnærc ds garzw cbwcn%mb`bt ‗ psc k„ab zasrr`nt w`bw dastc dnrc ¨ cby`fn z`r

dcw bîa%iîenbnwtcw ¸ ‗+ ab dcyr`nt `swwn w„nbtcrramcrwsr kc dcycbnr dcw cbwcnmbîw ps`bd kcw cbwcnmb`btw wabtdc gsktsrc+ dc ecbt`kntî ct dc rcknmnab îtr`bmærcw+zrawîk~tcw+ nbtîmrnwtcw+ `knîb`btcw+ tat`knt`nrcw+ `rgf`á%pscw+ trno`kcw ct eìncswcw" Ab dant z`rtngsknærcecbt wczawcr gcttc pscwtnab kê aþ kcw cbwcnmb`btw wc zcrect%tcbt d„cvzrnecr dcw aznbnabw zakntnpscw+ rcknmncswcw aszcrwabbckkcw+ wsrtast ps`bd ckkcw ìirabtcbt kcw cbwcn%mbîw"@zræw kc garzw cbwcnmb`bt+ nk i`sdr` w„nbtcrramcr wsr kczcrwabbck wanmb`bt".Dcw pscwtnabw yasw yncbdrabt gcrt`nbcecbt ê k„cwzrntkarwpsc yasw `src| zasr iare`tcsr sbc cwzægc dc

zwcsda zrai dc e`tfw ‗ ct `ggcwwanrcecbt dc ir`bí`nwòwcbt &cb `rrìt e`k`dnc%gaeîdnc+ îzsnwî `y`bt dcgaeecbgcr+ z`r kc baeorc d„`mntîw ps„nk `mntc ksn%eìec`y`bt dc kcw e`bnzskcr+ ct psn cwt z`wwî+ farrcsr !… dc0? ê 0=049. ‗ psn i`nt eanbw dc k iare`tnab psc dc

049 Nbntn`kcecbt ynbmt+ eanbw dcsv+ wsontcecbt dnwz`rsw dc k` gnrgsk`%tnab+ eanbw sb `strc+ psn b„` z`w wszzartî kcw eŗsrw bîa%eìncswcw&knocrtngndcw+ gabtr`nmb`btcw+ îgr`w`btcw. dcw kncsv+ aþ nk rcwwcbt`ntsbc azzrcwwnab+ îm`kcecbt dsc ê k` gfèorc psn ksn `y`nt îtîìicgtîc+ k`psckkc ît`nt dîbsîc d„ rrnyîc d„ nr &gc psn aoknmc ê darenr kìcbìtrc asycrtc+ e`kmrî k„ starastc tastc zragfc+ wasw zcnbc d„ìtrczrnw dc e`k`nwc+ `s rnwpsc dc w„îy`basnr ct dc wc fcsrtcr k` tìtc

gabtrc kc k`yòa `s raonbct dspsck ab `sr` gfcrgfî ê w„f~dr`tcrzasr ksttcr gabtrc k„`wwægfcecbt dcw yanv rcwznr`tanrcw zrayapsî



79:

k„`bne`tnab dc gk`wwc+ dc k„`ggaez`mbcecbt dc wartncwarm`bnwîcw z`r wcw wanbw 8 k`nww`bt `sv îtsdn`btw kcw

zksw `y`bgîw kc wanb dc zrcbdrc cb gf`rmc kcw eanbw`y`bgîw ct kcw eanbw `wwndsw+ psn gaeztcbt wsr gcsv psnîtsdncbt kc wanr ct kc }cch%cbd+ zcbd`bt psc kciare`tcsr%`bne`tcsr%wsrycnkk`bt y` w„aggszcr dc wcwiabgtnabw w~bdng`kcw &psn kc zratæmcbt ds kngcbgncecbt+astrc wab wt`tst+ psc lc wszzawc en%zsokng en%zrnyî."T`bdnw psc kc isenwtc wc or`bkc cb rn`bt babgf`kè%ecbt+ _amcr+ sb yr`n oab zrai dc e`tfw ct dc ir`bí`nw+grasznt d`bw sb `tckncr dc rcenwc ê bnyc`s 8 nk b„` z`wwsgî dcw ¨ oaskcw ¸ ct w` gabwgncbgc zakntnpsc cwt trazyny`gc zasr bc z`w ciir`~cr kc zctnt zasyanr kag`k+ ctzsnw nk cwt traz oab iare`tcsr zasr kc zralct dcbnyckkcecbt z`r kc o`w psc rîgkècbt kcw e`âtrcw ds

eabdc+ kcw cwgk`y`mnwtcw iîad`sv `svpsckw wabt`wwslcttnw kcw ¨ rczrîwcbt`btw ds zcszkc ¸"&Yasw ya~c| dabg sb wt`mn`nrc `y`bgî zrcbdrc kc rôkcd„`wwnwt`bt dc iare`tnab cb i`nw`bt kc tasr dcw tòkcwzasr `ndcr kcw zksw `rrnîrîw+ psn bc e`bpscbt z`w dczrcbdrc tastcw kcw z`swcw bîgcww`nrcw zasr isecr+

tîkîzfabcr+ o`y`rdcr+ oanrc sb gìî+ wc zrîk`wwcr `s

z`r kc gf`sii`mc gcbtr`k." Wc i`nrc dîraocr wab `rmcbt z`r dcwE`mfrîonbw+ d`bw kc ps`rtncr dcwpsckw nk `y`nt cs k` b`áyctî fnzzncd„ kkcr wc o`k`dcr+ gabiareîecbt `sv dnrcgtnycw ct ardabb`bgcw Zc`gc`bd kayc dabt nk `y`nt îtî òrcsyî… `sr` îtî k„îkîecbt dîgkcbgfcsr

d„sb nbwtnbgt dc wsrync psn ksn `sr` ynycecbt nbtneî kc gabwcnk dc¨ dîm mcr d„ngn yntc i nt+ z`rgc psc í` gr`nbt+ zst`nb ! í` gr`nbt ¸"



790

wakcnk" Ct ê gcksn dc gfc| csv psn b„cb i`nt z`w `st`bt+e`nw psn `ndc psngabpsc yncbt ksn dce`bdcr wab `ndc+ kcw

yncsv E`mfrîonbw+ psn cbtcbdcbt nezawcr gaeec sbcîyndcbgc kcsr gsktsrc ‗ dc k„cvzkant`tnab dcw iargcwynycw wasenwcw+ lcsbcw ct iîenbnbcw+ z`r kcw yncsveïkcw ‗+ cb cwtne`bt psc kcw zksw lcsbcw danycbt kcwwcrynr+ nkw w„cvgkècrabt < ¨ A@F ! NK ZCST Z@WYCBN_ BASW @NDC_ ! ¸Nk zcst+ nk zcst… wn yasw zasyc| yasw kcycr zasr `kkcr lswps„ê w` tòkc" E`nw nk zcst dîlê eanbw ps`bd yaswyasw zk`nmbc| < ¨ A`f ! Ab basw kc eabtrc z`w í`" ¸&¨ ab ¸+ kc iare`tcsr%wsrycnkk`bt or`bkcsr basyckkcecbtceo`sgfî. @y`bt dc o`k`~cr k` rce`rpsc d„sb rcycrwdc e`nb ct d„sb fagfcecbt dc tìtc+ ps`bd nk kcsr dnr`psc k„nbiare`tnab dîknyrîc wc trasyc d`bw kc e`bsck+

ps„nk i`st zrcbdrc kc tcezw dc knrc+ psckpscw enbstcw+dc tcezw cb tcezw" Iare`tnab+ asn+ `wwnwt`bgc+ asn+`wwnwt`b`t+ bab"Ps`bd sb abmskî Kcz`woc`s yncbdr` yasw i`nrc k` kcíabcb yasw cvzknps`bt+ wør dc wab zrîgcztc+ psc g„cwt ds¨ tr`y`nk d„îpsnzc ¸ &`s zraint dcw `rrnîrîw ct dcw

or`bkcsrw+ `ycg k„ciiart dcw tr`y`nkkcsrw ct dcw `y`b%gîw.+ zrîgnwc| gc ps„cwt sb tr`y`nk d„îpsnzc < g„cwt sbtr`y`nk psn cwt i`nt cb îpsnzc z`rgc ps„nk bc zcst ìtrci`nt psc z`r k` gaazîr`tnab dc zkswncsrw zcrwabbcw+ wantcb r`nwab d„sbc gaezkcvntî psn rîgkèc dcw gaezî%tcbgcw esktnzkcw ct îkcyîcw+ want zasr dcw wasgnw dc

r`tnab`knw`tnab" Sb cvcrgngc dc e`tfw cwt sb tr`y`nk



79?

nbdnyndsck wsr kcpsck gf`gsb dant wc grcswcr k` tìtc ctgaezrcbdrc z`r ksn%eìec+ ê z`rtnr dcw `gpsnw zrîgî%

dcbtw ps„nk cwt gcbwî `yanr" Gc b„cwt z`w sb tr`y`nkd„îpsnzc" G„cwt îycbtsckkcecbt sb tr`y`nk nbdnyndsck psckcw `wwnwtîw bc w`ycbt i`nrc ps„`ycg k„`ndc d„sb gè`%r`dc as d„sb zrai ‗ ps`bd nk bc z`wwc z`w wab tcezwdcfarw+ kanb dcw bskw ìiknmc`btw e`nw zrìt dc kè`gfnbc ê gìî ‗"K` iare`tnab gabtnbsc rczawc oc`sgasz wsr kcw îz`skcwdcw `dsktcw cb iare`tnab" Gcsv psn bc k„`decttcbtz`w04= kc dîbabgcbt z`r dîznt ct wc tasrbcbt ycrw kcw`strcw+ ps„nkw dîr`bmcbt ê yakabtî as ps„nkw gfcrgfcbt êgskzònknwcr gaeec ît`bt dcw w`k`sdw psn bc ycskcbtz`w `ndcr+ as dc eîzrnwòkcw nbdnynds`knwtcw" Nkwcww`ncbt d„`zzknpscr k` kan ds zksw iart+ k` kan dcw

zrnwabw+ gaeec dc k„îgakc+ aþ ab rczærc kc zrcencr dck` gk`wwc zasr ksn zaezcr dcwwsw+ as kc i`nokc zasr cbi`nrc sb k`ronb" Nbstnkc dc gaeztcr wsr gcsv psn abt`starntî zasr rcecttrc kcw zcbdskcw ê k„fcsrc+ ps`bdcsv%eìecw g`stnabbcbt k` kan ds zksw iart ct dîkæmscbtyakabtncrw cb k`nww`bt w„cvcrgcr gcttc kan ê tasw kcw

bnyc`sv dc k` wagnîtî 8 cb kc k`nww`bt cbtcbdrc <

04= Z`rgc ps„nkw wabt ecbt`kcecbt inmîw ê gc ps„nkw gabb`nwwcbt dck„îgakc+ z`rgc ps„nkw gabwndærcbt psc tast kcsr cwt dø `s bae dc k`_îzsoknpsc ir`bí`nwc &wcryngc ê k` g`rtc+ `wwnwt`bgc zîd`mamnpsc+r`z`trncecbt d„srmcbgc d`bw k` gfèorc dc rczaw wn kcsr tìtc

cvzkawc wasw kcw tnrw `kmîornpscw.+ as oncb z`rgc ps„nkw abtk„fòntsdc d„ìtrc wcrynw z`r oaboabbc



797

¨ Dîorasnkkc|%yasw cbtrc yasw &ean l„`n i`nt e` zk`gcd`bw k` wagnîtî+ ê gf`gsb dc yasw dc i`nrc k` wncbbc+ ~

gaezrnw d`bw gcttc îgakc." ¸."Dcw pscwtnabw cbgarc+ karwpsc gcksn%kê &psn tnpsc ê kèanbdrc `kkswnab bîm`tnyc wsr k` Ir`bg%e`íabbcrnc ‗zraiîrî z`r sb nmb`rc Ir`bga%dc%z`zncr%zartsm`nw êk„f`kcnbc r`gnwtc ct `btnwîentc ‗. z`wwc kc zksw gk`nr dcwab tcezw ê k`ycr kcw cwzrntw `ycg wcw gabgcztnabw `sfcbbî dc k` ync cb gakkcgtnyntî+ cb gf`rmc`bt kc eìnawadc wcryngc dc tcbnr k` traszc cb k`nwwc+ tast cbdîgcrb`bt kcw oabbctw d„ïbc+ kcw k`bmscw dc ynzærc+ kcwgskw dc zaskc ct kcw gasnkkcw cb eanbw+ las`bt kcz~rae`bc zasr cbwsntc lascr kc zaezncr &zasr wc i`nrcy`kanr cb t`bt psc w`sycsr+ w`mc+ gabwcnkkcr+ Z`rr`nb+gfci dc iènkkc psn r`wwîræbc kcw cbi`btw rceabtîw.…

gcksn%kê psn+ ê k` eadc nwkèa%zît`wwc046+ ceoaonbc kcwgabw dc o`wc `ycg w` yanv k`bmasrcswc dc gae`tcsv`wwc| ynmasrcsv zasr lascr `s iaat ct zasr w„aggszcrdc wcw iabgtnabw w~bdng`kcw+ cbtrc dcsv wartncw ‗h`~`h+ rcwta+ o`rocgsc+ zît`bpsc ‗+ e`nw z`w `wwc|zasr cbg`drcr dnv%wczt `dsktcw+ wn gc b„cwt zasr zk`n%

w`btcr tastc k` lasrbîc `ycg csv cb argfcwtr`bt kcwy`bbcw dcw gka}bw dc wcryngc+ tast cb wc zk`nmb`bt

046 G`r nk cwt dcw Nwkènwtcw ‗ ct `strcw wnenkn Eswske`bw e`psnkkîwcb Ir`bí`nw ‗ gaeec dc tast kc eabdc < nk ~ ` gcsv psn zragædcbtgaeec kcw oìtcw dîeabn`pscw+ `ycg orst`kntî+ w`sy`mcrnc+ o`ro`rnc+

ct gcsv psn zragædcbt gaeec kcw zstcw+ z`r kc gf`rec+ k` wîdsgtnab+ kìk`ttcrnc+ k„`bbnfnk`tnab dcw i`gsktîw grntnpscw"



794

d„ìtrc îzsnwî z`r kc wsrgraât dc tr`y`nk `zzartî z`r kcwgnbp basyc`s%ycbsw psn abt kc tart dc bc z`w `yanr îtî

zrî`kòkcecbt iare`tîw ê k` babgf`k`bgc ct `s i`r%bncbtc ds Mr`bd wsd+ csv psn wabt zasrt`bt wnkcbgncsv+g„cwt%ê%dnrc ps„nkw bc gabtrnoscbt z`w `s gkne`t dc ianrcnbwt`srî z`r kc e`sy`nw gaeîdncb04> 8 zasrt`bt+ dc w`zrazcbwnab ê w„èswcr dcw ¨ fnwtanrcw dc gsk ¸ ab zcstwszzawcr ps„nk ` `swwn k` iargc d„`yanr dcw îrcgtnabw ctdc eabtcr w` iceec+ ar+ gcksn psn ` `wwc| d„îbcrmnczasr o`bdcr cb ` `wwc| zasr i`nrc ds m`rdncbb`mc dcwt`mn`nrcw+ ct gcksn psn ` `wwc| d„îbcrmnc zasr sbr`zzart wcvsck cb ` `wwc| zasr `ggaezknr sbc lasrbîcdc tr`y`nk e`bsck" G`r wab wcsk wasgn ê ksn+ kc g`kgsk`%tcsr+ g„cwt dc r`kcbtnr kc r~tfec dc tr`y`nk ‗ zasr lswtnincr k` dsrîc+ k„îtcbdsc ct k„nezart`bgc dc w`

tïgfc+ ct dabg kc bnyc`s dc wab w`k`nrc ‗+ w`bw asokncrdc rng`bcr ê kabmscsr dc lasrbîc cb z`rk`bt dc gf`ttcwîznkîcw ct dc ontcw gnrgabgnwcw"Zasr cvzknpscr k` i`nokc zradsgtnyntî+ nk bc dnt z`w <¨ Ab wc k` gaskc dasgc+ ab tnrc `s ik`bg" ¸ Nk dnt < ¨ Kcwwt`mn`nrcw abt sb i`nokc bnyc`s psn o`nwwc d„`bbîc cb

`bbîc" ¸ ¨ Nkw bc wabt zksw træw ir`nw+ nkw wabt træw

04> Kcw zragîdîw nwkènwtcw dîzka~îw zasr ceornm`dcr kcw bn`nw dsBard ct ds Wsd wabt enw cb acsyrc wasw sbc iarec dîrnyîc+ z`r kcwo`r`tnbcsrw ds z`~w dc o`r`tnbcsrw aþ k„ab i`nt gaeecrgc dco`r`tnbcr kcw tasrnwtcw aggndcbt`sv &gf`gsb cww`~`bt dc ¨ o`nwcr ¸

k„`strc+ gaeec d`bw oncb dcw gaszkcw. 8 ps`bd nk bc w„`mnt z`wd„ceoaonbcr kcw Ir`bí`nwcw dîw`reîcw z`r k„Ct`t zrayndcbgc"



793

kcbtw" ¸ Í`+ g„cwt zasr cvzknpscr zasrpsan kc Gcbtrczasr dîmîbîrîw zrîz`rc sbc iare`tnab cb ps`tar|c

eanw ‗ zksw bcsi eanw dc i`bt`nwnwtc rcenwc ê bnyc`soïgkîc ‗ ps`bd kcw Gcbtrcw bare`sv k` zrîz`rcbt cbab|c eanw" Zksw kabmw wabt ê iarecr kcw dîmîbîrîw dc kÌr`bgc `kgaaknpsc+ zksw nezart`btc wcr` k` rîtrnostnabdcw zk`bpsîw dc k` iare`tnab gabtnbsc03:" Nkw zrcbbcbtkc zkn dc k` ynkkc aþ ab rny`knwc dc taszct zasr wczk`nbdrc dc k` zîbnonkntî dcw gabdntnabw dc tr`y`nk psn lswtninc dcw `y`bt`mcw psn oìascbt kcw zrnbgnzcwrîzsokng`nbw" Ct gcsv psn w„nbdnmbcrabt dc gct ît`t dci`nt z`wwcrabt zasr dcw b`áiw îkcyîw `s g`tîgfnwec ctê k` _îzsoknpsc dîeagr`tnpsc d`bw sbc Ir`bgc ct d`bwsb eabdc aþ gf`gsb bc i`nt psc w„cbmr`nwwcr wsr kc dawdcw `strcw 8 cb k„aggsrrcbgc kcw kaszw wsr kc daw dcw

eastabw"Dniingnkc dc trasycr dcw rîwcrynwtcw d`bw gc zckatabdc pscsc 8 psn cwt zkstôt sb zckatab dc gf`ttc eaonknwîê ¨ dcwgcbdrc ¸ dcw oastcnkkcw dc z`wtnw+ dc }fnwh~+ dconærc ct dc ynb" Ab wc r`wwsrcr` < gc b„cwt z`w `ycggcttc mîk`tnbc psc k` Ir`bgc gaeztc knyrcr o`t`nkkc

eabdn`kc ê gcsv psn w„cez`rcbt dcw rngfcwwcw dseabdc" Kcsr dcwtnb cwt dc wcrynr dc gf`nr ê w`sgnwwc"

03: G„cwt `swwn z`rgc psc kcw osdmctw wabt dîgndîw gf`psc `bbîcpsc kcw iare`tnabw wabt wasycbt knentîcw ê sbc `bbîc" Gck` dnt

zasr i`nrc rî`knwcr tast gc psn zcst+ cb wasw%e`nb+ dîtcrenbcr kcgabtcbs as cbgarc k` dsrîc d„sbc iare`tnab+ batèecbt"



799

Ct kcw ¨ `bgncbw ¸ dc dîzkarcr < ¨ @y`bt ‗ k„`rrnyîc dcwbasyc`sv ‗ &dcw rîir`gt`nrcw farw ynkkc as farw

gsktsrc+ zkstôt.+ ab iìt`nt kcw `bbnycrw`nrcw ‗ `ycg sbcoastcnkkc ‗ ¸ 8 `y`bt+ tast ît`nt zrîtcvtc zasr oanrc dck„`kgaak cb zrcb`bt wsr kcw fcsrcw dc gasrw+ e`nwe`nbtcb`bt ab bc zcst zksw i`nrc gaeec `y`bt+ kcwbasyc`sv bc wabt z`w gabiarecw `s eadækc psc kcw`kgaaknpscw abt nezawî `s zrcencr mraszc &nkw zasr%r`ncbt zkstôt wc zk`nbdrc dc bc z`w ìtrc wîrncswcecbtcbg`drîw z`r sb iare`tcsr dnmbc dc gc bae." E`nw+g„cwt zasr k` oabbc g`swc < ¨ Zasr i`yarnwcr k` gafîwnabdc mraszc+ k` oabbc cbtcbtc estsckkc+ k„cwzrnt d„îpsn%zc ¸030+ cb `yart`bt tastc yckkîntî dc gaezîtntnab"Z`rgc ps„nk i`st dnrc ps„cb r`wwceok`bt d`bw sb eìeckncs dcw oìtcw zrne`nrcw+ dcw rswtrcw+ dcw `kgaaknpscw+

dcw dramsîw+ dcw îmagcbtrnpscw+ dcw e`gfnwtcw+ dcwgabb`rdw+ dcw bîa%eìncsv+ dcw `knîbîw `sv rcknmnabw

030 Kcsr ¨ cwzrnt d„îpsnzc ¸ wnmbninc ¨ cwzrnt eastabbncr ¸+ gaeeczasr yasw ¨ rcwzcgt ¸ wnmbninc ¨ wasenwwnab ¸ 8 cwzrnt trno`k+cwzrnt gk`bnpsc+ nbdnynds nbg`zòkc dc zcbwcr z`r wan%eìec+ dc

zrcbdrc dcw nbntn`tnycw+ dc zrcbdrc cb gf`rmc w` ync+ w` iare`%tnab+ w`bw gaeztcr wsr kcw `strcw… g`r gck` wnmbninc+ `s gcryc`s dcgcsv psn w„`zzsncbt wsr kcw `strcw+ psc yasw bc yaskc| z`w z`rt`%mcr yaw rngfcwwcw ct yaw ksenærcw" Cb zr`tnpsc+ gck` wnmbninc pscyasw bc dcyc| rncb i`nrc ct rncb dnrc psn bc want wsr ardrc dszwcsda eìnawa dc wcryngc ct dc gcsv psn wc gakkcbt ê ksn zasrzraintcr dc wab zctnt zasyanr+ ìnb dc iarecr sb mraszc daenb`bt

d`bw kc mraszc+ gaeec sb Ct`t d`bw k„Ct`t" K„ ¨ cwzrnt d„îpsnzc ¸+d`bw sb rczærc dc zst`nbw+ cwt cb rî`kntî sb ¨ cwzrnt dc oardck ¸"



79=

zrnentnycw+ dcw rczrnw dc lswtngc03?+ yasw tr`bwiarec|k„cbdrant cb |aa+ cb lsbmkc+ cb g`mc dc kòar`tanrc d`bw

kcwpsckkcw wabt cbt`wwîw dcw r`tw" I`t`kcecbt+ nkw wcoasiicbt cbtrc csv wn ab bc kcw iargc z`w ê wc tcbnr¨ k` mr`zzc ¸ e`tnb+ endn ct wanr 8 lswtc kc tcezw psckcsr iceec037 zrcbbc kc rck`n cb kcw tcb`bt z`r kcwgasnkkcw as z`r kc oast dc k` pscsc" Ct k` oardnkkc zarts%m`nwc dc lascr &`s gabtr`nrc dc k„`strc+ kê…. k„neenmrînbtîmrî+ `wwnenkî+ `zz`rcbtî+ è`kmèî+ faeamîbînwî+taslasrw dnwzawî ê icwta~cr ê k` ¨ lct wct ¸ cb zasw%w`bt dcw rnrcw mr`w as wtrndcbtw d„sb gabwtnzî psn wc

03? Cb k„aggsrrcbgc sb msnmbakcwpsc gf`rkat psn gaeztc w„`ttnrcr kcrcwzcgt+ kcw gasrocttcw+ kc kîgf`mc `b`k ct kcw aiir`bdcw dcwk`rycw+ cb i`nw`bt dc wab wîlasr cb zrnwab sb i`nrc%y`kanr dc

e`gfnwtc dîir`âgfn+ îdcbtî ct dîm`rbn+ psn ` dcw gfawcw ê zrasycr" 037 Sbc wnenkn%basbas dc dnv `bw w` g`dcttc+ gabgcrb`bt kc ir`bga%dc%z`zncr%zartsm`nw" Ckkc ksn dnt psc ¨ lc bc wsnw z`w t` eærc ¸+e`nw ckkc zartc k` gskattc+ gcrtcw zasr ckkc%eìec+ e`nw dc i`ntzasr gcksn psn wc dîgf`rmc wsr ckkc 8 gaeec gc Ir`bíanw DcE`gfnb+ psn zcbwc ¨ tras ¸ ‗ ê iasrrcr ‗ ps`bd nk zcbwc ¨ iceec ¸+cb k„aggsrrcbgc k` wncbbc+ ê psn dîkîms`nt tast+ gckkc%kê psn ksn `y`nti`nt wnmbcr sb dagsecbt `y`bt dc dnyargcr dc ksn… sb dagsecbt

psn dabb`nt ê w` iceec k` zrazrnîtî dcw oncbw gaeesbw+ dabt kcsre`nwab… gc psn bc k„cezìgfc z`w+ kc Ir`bí`nw ê z`rtngskc+ dcgabtnbscr ê wc dîgf`rmcr `nbwn wsr w` wŗsr"K` iceec d„sb `strc e`gfnwtc &psn grant psc dabbcr dcw gaszw dczncd `s dcrrnærc dc wab zctnt kcbt d„cwzrnt kc rcbdr` zrcwtc+gaeec d„`strcw grancbt ps„èzstcr sb zctnt dc wab zrîzsgc cbicr` sb faeec. ksn icr` rî`knwcr kcw tr`y`nk d„èîb`mcecbt dc

kcsr kamcecbt `y`bt dc dce`bdcr kc dnyargc…Fcsrcswcecbt psc kcw iceecw b„abt z`w dc zîbnw…



796

iargc+ cb zksw dc rczrcbdrc ê wab gaeztc k„ardrc daen%b`bt zasr ìtrc i`yarnwî z`r kc gaznb`mc < ¨ @f+ asn !

Ean lc wsnw d„`ggard ! &Lc wsnw z`rt`bt. ¸ D„`ggard`ycg+ batèecbt+ k„`kgaaknpsc ct kc wnenkn%eìnawa garwcê zcnbc eanbw `kgaaknpsc"Gaeec z`rtast+ as zrcwpsc+ gc wabt kcw nbtîmrnwtcw dsgsktc dc k„`kgaak psn dabbcbt kc tceza+ z`w kcw mcbwwaorcw zasr psn tast b„cwt z`w zrîtcvtc ê oanrc dck„`kgaak" E`nw kc ¨ iare`tcsr ¸ b„cwt zksw træw gf`sd" Nkgr`nbt dc rîyîkcr+ ê gcsv psn b„abt z`w k` k`bmsc d`bwkcsr zagfc+ ps„nk ` tr`bwiareî cb gcbtrc `îrî+ cbgrægfc ct cb gk`wwc e`tcrbckkc+ sbc w`kkc dc gasrw zasr`dsktc+ cb dabb`bt ê yanr ps„nk cwt e`bnicwtcecbt z`~îzasr i`nrc eseswc `ycg dcw `dsktcw psn lascbt kcsr`ycbnr as kcsr wsrync `ycg k` iare`tnab+ `s kncs dc kcw

zrîz`rcr garrcgtcecbt ê kcsr iare`tnab ps`knin`btc"E`nw ps„cb `%t%nk ê i`nrc+ kc zk`bpsî+ dc k„`ycbnr ct dc k`wsrync dcw `strcw 1Dant%ab wc iare`knwcr 1 ps`bd ‗ ê gf`psc wcwwnab ‗ sbcwartnc cwt arm`bnwîc gfc| sbc gabb`nww`bgc ds iare`%tcsr+ sbc wartnc z`~`btc `s zraint dc gct èn &psn ksn

rcbycrr` w`bw dastc k„`wgcbwcsr+ z`r gabb`nww`bgcwctfbnpscw nbtcrzawîcw.034 dsr`bt k`psckkc kc g`kgsk`tcsr

034 Ps`bd kc dîkîmsî dc gk`wwc k`bgc sbc waswgrnztnab zasr psctast kc eabdc inb`bgc kc g`dc`s ps„nk yasdr`nt aiirnr ê gckkc psn wcdabbc wcvsckkcecbt ê zrcwpsc tasw gcsv psn ycskcbt k` zrcbdrc cb

k„èsw`bt+ g„cwt `swwn bare`k d`bw sb eabdc aþ kcw ¨ rczrîwcb%t`btw ds zcszkc ¸ iabt z`~cr z`r kcw gabtrnosòkcw kcw g`dc`sv



79>

gabtnbscr`+ `ycg wab zrawîk~tnwec îdskgarî+ ê `ggkn%e`tcr kcw Ok`bgw `sv O`w`bîw+ cb cvfno`bt wasw k`

dasgfc w` zaskc dîzkseîc+ wab k`znb dîgf`rbî+ w` ontcestnkîc 8 kcw ycwtn`nrcw ît`bt k„agg`wnab+ zasr kcw zrawî%k~tcw eswske`bw nbinktrîw+ dc o`b`knwcr k` gnrgabgnwnabcb Ir`bgc+ w`bw k` eanbdrc rctcbsc+ w`bw gr`nbtc dcgaeecttrc k„`ttcbt`t ê k` zsdcsr dabt kcw Nwkènwtcw`ggswcbt kcw Aggndcbt`sv ê tast oast dc gfèz+ w`bwkc eanbdrc îm`rd zasr kcw Ir`bí`nw psn wcr`ncbtgfapsîw z`r k` ynwnab fndcswc+ tr`se`tnw`btc+ rîzs%mb`btc+ dc gc onwtrc arm`bc èzstî"&Lsniw d„sb gôtî+ Eswske`bw dc k„`strc+ kcw sbw ct kcw`strcw zraintcbt ds kncb d„èntnî ps„nkw abt basîw `ycgdcw Ir`bí`nw zasr kcsr oasrrcr kc grïbc `ycg kcsrzraz`m`bdc zra%nwkènwtc as zra%wnabnwtc 8 ct taslasrw

zragnrgabgnwnab" Kcw Eswske`bcw z`wwcbt `szræw dcwAggndcbt`sv zasr ìtrc dcw yngtnecw wasenwcw dse`gfnwec nwkènwtc &gc psn kcsr zcrect+ d`bw sb cbyn%rabbcecbt bîa%iîenbnwtc+ dc bc z`w ìtrc wtnme`tnwîcwct rclctîcw gaeec kcw @ròa%e`mfrîonbw.+ e`nw kc i`ntcwt ps„ckkcw wabt z`rtncw zrcb`btcw dc k„nwkènwec+ ct

zrawîk~tcw ‗ `gtnycw+ waknd`nrcw ear`kcecbt as wnezkcecbtw`tnwi`ntcw dc k„`rònw`tnab dc k` Ir`bgc ‗" Ckkcw wabtcbm`mîcw d`bw sbc mscrrc gsktsrckkc psn z`wwc z`r k`dîicbwc `gf`rbîc ct k` zraeatnab `ycsmkc dc k` gnrgabgn%wnab 8 sbc zr`tnpsc psn cwt sb tck cblcs dc gnynknw`tnab psc

aiicrtw `sv gaeesb`stîw rcknmncswcw ct `strcw gabb`nww`bgcwkcsr zcrectt`bt dc wc i`nrc îknrc"



7=:

kcw E`mfrîonbcw zrawîk~tcw b„ decttcbt z`w w` grntnpscct wab nbtcrdngtnab+ g`r gck` gabwtntsc zasr ckkcw sbc

`ttcnbtc ê kcsr gsktsrc ct sbc ecb`gc gabtrc kc zasyanrzakntnga%gsktsrck+ ct eìec k„fîmîeabnc gsktsrckkc ct rckn%mncswc ps„ckkcw cbtcbdcbt cvcrgcr cb Ir`bgc+ cb Csrazc+cb Aggndcbt+ ê k„nbwt`r dcw Lsniw &gc psn dcyr`nt i`nrc yanr`sv Aggndcbt`sv psc k` zr`tnpsc dc k` gnrgabgnwnab cwt sbc`ttcnbtc ê kcsr zrazrc gsktsrc+ psn ` dîlê îtî `ktîrîc z`rkcw rcknmnabw onoknpscw." @ gc lcs+ kcw `dakcwgcbtcw ct kcwiceecw wabt træw `wwndscw" Ckkcw z`wwcbt eanbw dctcezw dcy`bt kcsr e`gfnbc ê k`ycr kc knbmc+ e`nw ckkcw cbz`wwcbt oc`sgasz zksw ê i`nrc tasrbcr kcsr oasgfc êk`ycr kcw gcryc`sv ir`bí`nw dîgsktsrîw033"Yasw yaskc| gabb`âtrc kcsr wcgrct zasr k`ycr kcwgcryc`sv cb dasgc 1 Kc w`yab `s inck".

Ct psc danycbt nbwznrcr kcw lasrbîcw psn wc dîgaszcbtgaeec wsnt 1

033 ¨ &@.w~eîtrncw ¸+ kc ?: l`byncr ?:0?

XG„cwt k„fnwtanrc dc dcsv eswske`bcw rnmarnwtcw+ k„sbc wae`kncbbc+k„`strc z`hnwt`b`nwc+ psn îenmrcbt cb Aggndcbt+ aþ kcsr z`rgasrwdnycrmc < ¨ k„sbc zasricbd kcw dîrnycw dc w` rcknmnab d„arnmnbc+k„`strc cwt cezrnwabbîc ê ync zasr tcrrarnwec" ¸ O`wîc dc gcwdcsv yncw+ sb knyrc îgk`nrc ¨ k` gaezkcvc rck`tnab cbtrc Aggndcbtct nwkè" ¸Ufttz<}}}"`tk`btnga"irdcgr~zt`mc`~``b%f`rwn%`kn%`ìn`%

wnddnpsn%dcsv%inkkcw%nwkè%cenmrccw%ycrw%aggndcbt%dcsv%yncw%`btnzadcw%?903>4"ftek

http://www.atlantico.fr/decryptage/ayaan-harsi-ali-aafia-siddiqui-deux-filles-islam-emigrees-vers-occident-deux-vies-antipodes-261594.html





7=0

6f7: < enwc cb gabdntnab `stasr d„sb gìî+ dcgranww`btw+ ct dc y`bbcw îyndceecbt arncbtîcw

wcvc" &¨ D„òard+ ab oant kc gìî ¸+ dnvnt kce`ròast gf`rmî dc dnwwnzcr k` zcsr dcw îtsdcwgaeec k` zcsr dc k„@strc".>f < dîost ds tasr dc znwtc gasrw gabtnbsckkcecbtnbtcrraezs z`r kcw gka}bw dc wcryngc 8 psn ès%wcbt kcw `strcw+ e`nw psn nezawcbt `sv `strcw dcwc t`nrc ps`bd kcsrw o`y`rd`mcw kcw dîr`bmcbt askcsr dabbcbt k` enmr`nbc"0:f < z`swc dc 03 enb+ psn wc zrakabmc 43 enb as9:enb 8 zcbd`bt psc kc gf`rmî dc gasrw y`tasrbcr `stasr d„sbc iare`trngc ct wc gabgcrtcr`ycg d„`strcw w~bdng`knwtcw gaeec csv"00f < rczrnwc dcw gasrw"

0?f < ab i`nt rckïgfc cb `ttcbd`bt kc rcz`w dcendn+ wn ab bc z`ryncbt z`w ê wcrrcr kcw dcbtw"0?f7: < z`swc rcz`w"07f7: < rcenwc cb gabdntnab `stasr d„sb gìî ctdc y`bbcw+ îyndceecbt arncbtîcw wcvc" &¨ D„òard+ab oant kc gìî ¸+ fcnb ! Fèndab ^`f~`~`".

04f:: < dîost ds tasr dc znwtc gasrw gabtnbsckkc%ecbt nbtcrraezs z`r kcw gka}bw dc wcryngc"03f < z`swc dc 03enb+ psn wc zrakabmc 43enb as9:enb 8 zcbd`bt psc gf`rmî dc gasrw y` i`nrc dcwzfatagazncw"09f < rczrnwc dcw gasrw"

0=f < inb dc lasrbîc"



7=?

Nk cwt dîgabwcnkkî dc wc k`wwcr dc gcttc z`swc w`bw inb+

ct dc rctasrbcr cb gk`wwc zasr knrc+ z`rgc psc kceìnawa dc wcryngc cvgntcr` k` eastabbcrnc dcw oìtcwcb kcsr ectt`bt d`bw kc grïbc < ¨ Nk ycst zrcbdrc dck„`y`bgc wsr basw+ nk ycst basw dîz`wwcr d„sbc tìtc 8 nkbasw ect k` zrcwwnab+ nk ycst `ggîkîrcr kc r~tfec Xaswnezkcecbt oasgkcr kc zramrèec &í` bc zk`nr` z`w `s¨ iare`tcsr ¸+ í`.+ zrîwcbtî wsr k` zk`pscttc zraea%tnabbckkc dc k` iare`tnab+ e`nw z`w rcwzcgtîU" Nk cwt`swwn dîgabwcnkkî dc w„òwcbtcr zasr i`nrc `strc gfawcpsc o`y`wwcr `ycg kc traszc`s as zkstôt tcbnr k`gf`bdckkc `s eìnawa dc wcryngc+ g`r ê basyc`s kc gfcidc ecstc icr` rce`rpscr psc psckpsc gfawc bc y` z`w&wab cma zcbwcr` < ¨ Nk ec tasrbc kc daw+ l„`dectw

z`w" ¸. < k` zwcsda gafîwnab dc mraszc w„îtnakc+ kctraszc`s wc dnwzcrwc" Kcsr grcda eastabbncr cwtastr`mî 8 kc grcda psn îbabgc < ¨ Ab dant wartnr taswcbwceokc ct rcbtrcr tasw cbwceokc+ z`rkcr taswcbwceokc ct wc t`nrc tasw cbwceokc" ¸ Kc or`w drantr`zzartcr` wab aowcry`tnab `s Z`r`nb dc z`gatnkkc+ psn

wsmmærcr` k„arm`bnw`tnab d„sb `zîrntni+ d„sb maøtcr+d„sbc wartnc+ d„sb o`rocgsc+ dc icwtnyntîw" Ct kc gfncbdc ocrmcr d„òa~cr zasr r`wwceokcr k` traszcnbdnwgnzknbîc"

Nk cwt tast `st`bt dîgabwcnkkî dc eabtcr d`bw w`gfèorc zasr w„aggszcr d`bw kc wnkcbgc+ w`bw `ttcbdrc+

sbc fcsrc dc zksw+ d`bw kc oasrdabbcecbt îzsnw`bt+ dc



7=7

w`yanr gaeecbt aggszcr k` lasrbîc cb k„òwcbgc dsiare`tcsr%`bne`tcsr ir`zzî d„¨ `rrìt%e`k`dnawc ¸ &k`

e`k`dnc dc k„`rrìt%e`k`dnc nbtcezcwtni psn w„ò`tgaeec k` g`t`zkcvnc039 ds b`rgakcztnpsc 8 sbc e`k`dnctrazng`kc psn wîynt z`rtngsknærcecbt d`bw kc Gsk dc kÌr`bgc.+ psn zrcbd cb at`mc gnbp wt`mn`nrcw d`bw wabor`w dc icr w`k`rn`k `ycg kc dnrcgtcsr ds Gcbtrc ê psn nkbc zcst lascr ds ynakab gaeec `ycg kc w~ez`tfnpscbasyc`s+ iènkncr dcw @irng`nbw ds Bard… g`r `karw kcw`bmkncr wnencwpsc &@rb`sd kc zf`gagfærc `s rcm`rdt`tasî dc w~eoakcw mscrrncrw `ycg ds banr dc iseîc.wcr` dîzìgfî d`bw yatrc gfèorc zasr yasw rècbcrd`bw kc ocrg`nk dcw mk`bdcsrw yakabt`nrcw 8 D" Ok`ttcKcz`woc`s psn+ z`r k` wsntc+ w„òwcbtcr` gabtnbsckkc%ecbt zasr `kkcr wc rîismncr d`bw kc wnkcbgc dc w`

gfèorc zcbd`bt kcw fcsrcw dc gasrw+ zasr wc ecttrcê k„òrn ds orasf`f` zcre`bcbt ct dc k„`mnt`tnabgka}bcwpsc ds tasrnwtc zartsm`nw ps„nk ` ê wcw gôtîw+ `szrîtcvtc dc enmr`nbcw" Ct ab ksn dce`bdcr` < ¨ Ps„cwt%gc ps„nk i`nw`nt 1 ¸+ gcksn%kê psn `sr` yasks îgf`zzcr êbatrc rcm`rd nbpsnwntcsr"

Z`r gabtrc+ ps`bd kc tnrc%`s%ik`b zrîtcbdr` yaskanrecttrc `s zrazrc sb yncsv gasrw+ wsr gabwcnk dsecbcsr dc traszcw `zzs~î z`r kcw wsnycsrw+ nk wc wcr`

039 ¨ Zcrtc orswpsc ds tabsw eswgsk`nrc w`bw `ktîr`tnab dc k`gabwgncbgc ct wsrycb`bt ê sb eaecbt psckgabpsc dc k` lasrbîc"

Ckkc cwt t~znpscecbt dîgkcbgfîc z`r sbc îeatnab ¸ ‗fttz<ir"}nhnzcdn`"arm}nhnG`t`zkcvnc

http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cataplexie



7=4

cbtcbds dnrc < ¨ Dce`bdc ê C"T" Nk tc kc t`zc cb 3enb" ¸ 3 enb psn wc tr`bwiarecrabt cb 0?: enb 8 k`

dîiare`tnab aztnpsc azîrîc z`r kc gcryc`s dcwgaeeærcw `~`bt îtî garrnmîc z`r k„cwz`gc%tcezw dc k`rî`kntî" Yasw yaskc| tr`y`nkkcr 1 @karw yankê ! ab yaswicr` tr`y`nkkcr" Ct d`bw gcw gabdntnabw+ zcrwabbc bcwcr` dîr`bmî dc yasw w`yanr cb e`rmc ds mraszc+ wcskd`bw sbc w`kkc zcbd`bt psc kcw `strcw w„èswcrabt ctrnmakcrabt"Yasw zasrrc| dniingnkcecbt rciswcr+ wasw zcnbc d„ìtrcawtr`gnwîw+ as cbgarc f`rgckîw+ z`r gcsv psn icrabtgasrnr kc orsnt psc yasw b„`src| z`w yasks rcbdrc sbwcryngc psn bc yasw gaøt`nt rncb+ wn gc b„cwt gnbp enbs%tcw dc yatrc tcezw" G`r gcw zstcw zcsycbt dnrc gcps„ckkcw ycskcbt wsr yasw+ kcw e`bmc%ecrdc kcw gran%

rabt+ g`r nkw wc eapscbt ds yr`n ct ds i`sv 8 nkw wabtwnezkcecbt r`ynw dc zasyanr ¨ gfncr ¸ wsr yasw ctyatrc rîzst`tnab03=" Kcw ecrdnpscw `zzrcbtnw eìnawnct kcsrw gfncbw dc gf`wwc `mnwwcbt ê k` i`íab dcwiceecw zcrycrwcw ct dîr`bmîcw psn e`bnzskcbt kcsre`rn cb g`gf`bt k„nbtîmr`kntî dcw tcb`btw ct dcw

òastnww`btw" D`bw k` oasgfc dcw zcrycrw gfcrgfc%ecrdc ct dcw f`rgckcsrw+ kc dîbatî ct kc gabbatî &kcw

03= ¨ Nkw ¸+ kcw e`bmc%ecrdc dcw onwtratw+ dc t~zc _arambn`nw+wabt dcw gfncbw psn `ttcbdcbt ps„ab kcsr k`bgc sb aw ê eardrc+w`bw wc zawcr dc pscwtnab+ w`bw gfcrgfcr ê w`yanr gc ps„nk ~ ` d`bw

k„aw ps„nkw eardcbt cb icre`bt e`gfnb`kcecbt k` mscskc gaeec kcwgragadnkcw psn msctt`ncbt kcsr zranc"



7=3

`kkswnabw+ kcw nbwnbs`tnabw+ kcw rcm`rdw psn tanwcbt+ kcwwasrnrcw+ kcw rngtsw+ kcw zctntcw rce`rpscw+ ctg". wabt

eîk`bmîw ct `ktcrbîw" Gcw zst`nbw wc dnwgskzcbt cb wcg`gf`bt dcrrnærc kcsr zrazaw dîbatî+ tast cb g`gf`btkc dîbatî" Z`r cvcezkc+ ps`bd ckkcw dnrabt `yanr îtînbwsktîcw+ ê k` pscwtnab dc w`yanr gc ps„ckkcw `y`ncbt dnt`y`bt dc k„`yanr îtî+ ckkcw bc z`rkcrabt psc dc kcsrdnwgasrw dîbatî+ cb bn`bt gc psn cwt gabbatî &kcw`kkswnabw+ kcw nbwnbs`tnabw+ kcw rcm`rdw psn tanwcbt+ kcwwasrnrcw+ kcw rngtsw+ kcw zctntcw rce`rpscw+ ctg"."Ps`bdk„`dycrw`nrc kcw `ggswcr` dc gc ps„ckkcw b„`y`ncbt z`w`yasî+ ckkcw bncrabt k` e`sy`nwc nbtcbtnab+ kc e`sy`nwcwzrnt+ k„`rrnærc%zcbwîc zcrindc" @strc cvcezkc < sbcdcw nbbaeoròkcw zstcw ir`bí`nwcw yasw zawc+ `ycgnbwnwt`bgc ct f`rgækcecbt wn ckkc b„cwt z`w w`tnwi`ntc+

dcw pscwtnabw wsr yatrc ync zrnyîc+ psn rckæycbt dck„nbtcrram`tanrc nbdnwgrct+ nbtrswni ct ynakcsr+ ps„ckkcb„nbiknmcr`nt z`w ê sb wszîrncsr fnîr`rgfnpsc as ê sbczcrwabbc rcdastòkc 8 g`r gcttc dîe`rgfc rckæyc dsr`zzart dc daenb`tnab psc k` zstc ir`bí`nwc cbtcbdtasrbcr ê wab `y`bt`mc+ cb yasw i`nw`bt o`nwwcr yatrc

z`bt`kab+ eabtcr yatrc `bsw ct yatrc wcvc+ dc tckkcwartc ps„ckkc zsnwwc yasw gabtrôkcr+ yasw i`nrc gf`btcr+yasw zk`btcr dcw gastc`sv d`bw kc daw &yasw¨ cbgskcr ¸." Wn yasw ròrasc| icrececbt gcttc zstc+ckkc yasw zrîwcbtcr` `sv ~csv dc tasw gaeec sbw`sy`mc `wagn`k+ sb `mrcwwni cvatnpsc nb`wwnenkòkc" Ct

ckkc wc zrîwcbtcr` gaeec sbc nbbagcbtc ct oncbycnk%



7=9

k`btc fôtcwwc < ¨ Lc yask`nw lswtc kcw gabb`âtrc zasrir`tcrbnwcr `ycg csv" ¸ Ps`bd yasw ya~c| psckkc iarec

zrcbd k` ir`tcrbntî dc gc t~zc dc zstc+ yasw bc zasyc|psc dastcr dc wcw nbtcbtnabw ìingfîcw"@strc e`bnicwt`tnab dc gc e`k psn tasgfc k` Ir`bgcbîa%gaeesbnwtc d„cb o`w+ psn m`bmræbc k` Ir`bgc z`rwab Gsk+ ct psn orndc wab d~bènwec+ w` knocrtî+ wabnbycbtnyntî+ w` gaezîtntnyc+ ê k„nbwt`r dc k„@eîrnpsc dseîrntc zkstôt psc dcw rcbtcw eìncswcw dc wnts`tnab+dcw zragîdîw wgîkîr`tw dcw cwgragw dc k` f`stcinb`bgc+ dcw cezanwabbcsrw ds gaezkcvc eîdnga%zf`r%e`gcstnpsc ct dcw `ww`wwnbw ds gaezkcvc enknt`ra%nbdswtrnck <Yasw `ync| zrnw k„fòntsdc dc gaeecbgcr k` lasrbîc ?:as 7: enb ìnb dc yasw knyrcr ê dcw `gtnyntîw zcrwab%

bckkcw+ psc yasw bc zasync| gczcbd`bt z`w `ggaezknrtr`bpsnkkcecbt+ zsnwpsc yasw îtnc| gabtnbsckkcecbtdîr`bmîw z`r gcsv psn ycb`ncbt zrcbdrc yatrc tcezw êkcsr zraint+ zasr psc yasw kcsr cvzknpsc| gcgn aseabtrnc| gck`+ wn oncb psc k`w d„ìtrc gabtnbsckkcecbtcbpsnpsnbîw+ yasw `ync| dîgndî dc tr`y`nkkcr d`bw yatrc

gfèorc+ ê k„òrn dcw zcrtsro`tnabw ct dcw rcm`rdwnbpsnwntcsrw as l`kasv ‗ dc yatrc `stadnd`vnc ‗" Pscicr` kc eìnawa dc wcryngc 1 e`k`dnycecbt wasgncsv dce`nbtcbnr tast kc eabdc wasw w` gaszc+ ê wab o`wbnyc`s+ ìnb dc bc z`w ìtrc dîz`wwî 8 gcksn%kê psn yaswrcm`rdcr` `ycg l`kaswnc z`rgc psc yasw `src| zrnw dc

k„`y`bgc d`bw k„`zzrcbtnww`mc d„sb kamngnck+ lswps„ê gc



7==

ps„nk wc dîgndc ê i`nrc gaeec yasw+ g„cwt%ê%dnrc êzrcbdrc wsr wab tcezw knorc zasr zramrcwwcr &kcw

zramræw ps„nk icr` `z`nwcrabt w` l`kaswnc e`k`dnyc." Nkgf`rmcr` sb wasenw &T"Y". dc ycbnr yasw dîr`bmcr d`bwyatrc gfèorc+ tôt kc e`tnb &ct t`rd kc wanr.+ zasr yanrgc psc yasw ~ icrc|" ¨ K„Nbtrnm`bt b„cwt zksw cb `y`bgcgaeec `y`bt" Nk yncbt lswtc ê k„fcsrc" Zasrpsan í`zasrpsan 1 Y` yanr gc ps„nk iòrnpsc d`bw w` gfèorc ! ¸¨ Ct e`kfcsr ê tan wn ts b„`w rncb ê basw rîyîkcr+ g`r abtc waszíabbcr` dc basw dasokcr 8 ts `w nbtîrìt ê w`yanrzcrycrtnr tab cwzrnt zasr dîiarecr kcw i`ntw ct kcwrcbdrc wcbw`tnabbckw ê wasf`nt" ¸&Ct tan+ Www Tìtc%dc%eart dc _asmb`+ wart dc t`rag`nkkc ct y` yanr ê Mbab gc ps„nkw w`ycbt dc ksn 8 kcwmraw gabw" @kkc|+ k` znbt`dc+ y` gfcrgfcr ! I`nt zîtcr

kcw gskw dcw gaeztanrw ! Lc t`tasc tcw gaardabbîcwd`bw tab arcnkkc… gaeec í`+ gf`psc ianw psc ts tc k`mr`ttcr`w+ í` t„~ ecttr` k` zsgc ct ts tc r`zzckkcr`w gcpsc ts i`nw kê < 47º ?>„ 0>„„ B 8 3º 07„ 3>„„ C" Ct lct`tasc ecw gaardabbîcw d`bw k„`strc arcnkkc+ zasr pscts tc r`zzckkcw psn cwt kc e`âtrc%gfncb < 47º 0=„ ?=s B 8

3º 74y

03s

C"Psan 1 T„`w rncb trasyî ê Mbab 1 E`nw bab+ z`w ê Mbab+z`syrc gab+ ê _ambab ! @kkc|+ k` znbt`dc+ rctasrbc yanr !Gsk gabtrc gsk+ Znbt`dc ! Ds trno`dnwec+ kægfc%gsk pscts cw+ zcbwc &cb ycrwnab trasw ds gsk. trasdsgsknwec"Kægfc oncb kcw `bsw zasr kcw dîtcbdrc+ fcnb ! í`

i`gnkntc k„îgf`zzcecbt" Ct rctncbw oncb tast gc ps„nkw



7=6

zætcbt 8 Znbt`dc" Mabikî ds tarwc gaeec ts cw+ ts `wdc k` rîwcryc 8 ab zasrr`nt i`nrc dc tan sb gaezrcw%

wcsr"Ct+ csf… b„asoknc z`w dc iasnkkcr kcw zasockkcw `swwn 8g„cwt k` zragîdsrc fòntsckkc dcw dîtcgtnycw zrnyîw ctdcw `mcbtw wcgrctw" I`nt zîtcr _ambab+ g„cwt Fakk~%}aad" @kkc| ! Gaeec `s gnbîe`+ k` znbt`dc ! Gaeec `sgnbîe` !.G„cwt `nbwn eìec psc tast gc yasw `src| dnt+ eabtrî ask`nwwî yanr ‗ k` ycnkkc `s wanr ‗ ê k„nbdng dc wcryngc+ wcr`rîzîtî `s traszc`s kc kcbdce`nb+ psn kc rîzætcr` ê tastkc eabdc" Cb `rrny`bt cb gasrw kc e`tnb+ tast kc eabdc`sr` dîlê îtî enw `s gasr`bt dc gc psc yasw `src| dnt+i`nt+ eabtrî" Ct dîlê tast `sr` îtî gaeecbtî" Ct kcgfncb Psnbt`dck`nd nr` tast rîzîtcr `sv gfncbw _ara%

mbn`nw &g„cwt `nbwn ps„ab wc i`nt dcw ènw gfncbw < cb kcsrdabb`bt dc k„aw ê eackkc 8 g„cwt `nbwn ps„nk i`st zragîdcr`ycg gcsv psn wc zrcbbcbt zasr dcw gfciw dc trnos+ dcwzrcwpsc dncsv psn ycskcbt `yanr zasyanr dc ync ct dczart wsr `strsn < cb kcsr i`nw`bt dcw aiir`bdcw." F`kks%gnb`bt+ bab 1

Gck` bc w„`zzckkc z`w kc tîkîzfabc `ròc+ gck` w„`zzckkckc tîkîzfabc garwc+ as tast wnezkcecbt kc tîkîzfabcnbwsk`nrc+ as cbgarc kc tîkîzfabc dcw ynkk`mcw d`bw k`mr`bdc ynkkc+ wn gc b„cwt kc tîkîzfabc dcw Gcbtrcw dciare`tnab gabtnbsc" G„cwt kc tr`ntcecbt psn `ttcbdpsngabpsc wart dc k` barec ct b„cbyanc z`w oaskcr kcw



7=>

iasnbcsrw+ kcw mìbcsrw+ kcw r`nkkcsrw+ zasr bc z`wrnwpscr k„cvgkswnab tat`kc as k` enwc ê eart"

@karw kcíab < bc eabtrc| rncb dc gc psc yasw ìtcw+i`ntcw+ `yc|+ psn bc want gabiarec `s gasr`bt daen%b`bt 8 gck` zcrtsroc kcw îmagcbtrnpscw ct kcw cbyncsvpsn wc gaez`rcbt e`k`dnycecbt `sv `strcw z`rgc ps„nkwycskcbt ìtrc taslasrw encsv as `swwn oncb katnw psc kcw`strcw"

Ab bc rîyækcr` rncb ê zcrwabbc cb r`zzck`bt psc k`yag`tnab cwt sbc cvgcztnab" Kcw iare`tnabw zraicwwnab%bckkcw wabt bare`kcecbt `wwsrîcw z`r dcw zraicwwnab%bckw psn abt i`nt kc tasr dc kcsr dnwgnzknbc+ ct psnwasf`ntcbt tr`bwecttrc kcsr w`yanr" Cb zr`tnpsc+ yasw`yc| oc`sgasz dc mcbw psn bc gfcrgfcbt ps„ê wczk`bpscr036" @slasrd„fsn+ tast kc eabdc ycst ìtrc gfcizasr ¨ tasgfcr ¸+ `karw z`rtast tast kc eabdc cwtdcycbs gfci 8 zctnt gfci+ mr`bd gfci" E`nw d`bw sbeabdc `stae`tnwî+ psck cbg`drcecbt zcst wc t`rmscr

dc i`nrc `strc gfawc psc ds m`rdncbb`mc dc eastabw+ps`bd eìec kc masycrbcecbt dnrnmc eanbw ps„nk bc wsnt

036 Nk cwt gasr`bt dc zrîwcbtcr kcw cbwcnmb`btw gaeec dcwzk`bpsîw psn oîbîingncbt dc zkswncsrw eanw dc y`g`bgcw+ as psntr`y`nkkcbt eanbw psc k` dsrîc kîm`kc+ e`nw nk cwt dcw cbdrantw aþ

gcrt`nbw wabt z`~îw zasr dabbcr gasrw dcsv eanw z`r `b cb i`nw`btdc k` zrîwcbgc ‗ rîesbîrîc ‗ kc rcwtc ds tcezw"



76:

kcw dnrcgtnycw nezawîcw z`r kcw zsnww`bgcw îgabaenpscwct inb`bgnærcw 1 ¨ Ab ¸ wcr` dabg cwwcbtnckkcecbt kê

zasr wsrycnkkcr psc yasw ìtcw oncb `ggragfîw `sW~wtæec" Ct gcttc iabgtnab d„cbg`drcecbt eabtc ê k`tìtc dc gcrt`nbw+ psn wc zrcbbcbt sb zcs zasr dcwg`drcw dnrnmc`btw+ ct psn wc ycrr`ncbt oncb eabtcr zkswf`st d`bw kc mr`dc dc ocrmcr dcw tcezw eadcrbcw+ps`bd nkw bc wc zrcbbcbt z`w zasr dcw masrasw"@ psan rcwwceokcr` dabg yatrc gcbtrc dc iare`tnab 1@ sbc m`rdcrnc+ ê sbc ocrmcrnc+ ê sbc îgakc+ as ê sbgkso dc rcbgabtrc 1 @ sbc @kgaaknpsc @g`dîenc 1 Kcw`kgaaknpscw gfcrgfcrabt%nkw ê yasw gabycrtnr ê kcsrrcknmnab dc k„`kgaak+ ê yasw nezawcr kcsr eadc dc ync+kcsr gsktsrc `kgaaknpsc 1 Yasw aoknmcr`%t%ab ê yaswknyrcr nbtnececbt `sv `strcw 1 @ycg psck dcmrî

d„nbtnentî 1 @ psck zanbt kcw kanw aiingnckkcw wabt%ckkcwnmbarîcw as gabtasrbîcw wasw dcw `nrw dc gabynyn`kntîas dc oabbc cbtcbtc cbtrc mcbw d„ctfbncw+ d„arnmnbcwmîamr`zfnpsc+ gsktsrckkc ct rcknmncswc+ dniiîrcbtcw ct`bt`mabnwtcw 1 G`r nk cwt sb i`nt psc d`bw k` Ir`bgcèîrng`bnwîc%nwkènwîc%cblsnyîc+ kc eîk`bmc dcw mcbrcw

cwt wn e`k i`nt psc gck` dabbc kncs ê dc mr`ycwirngtnabw03>" Kcw y`bntcsv gaezkatcsrw b„`~`bt z`w

03> Ps`bd sb zakntnpsc wsmmærc dc dabbcr ê E`rn`bbc kcw tr`ntwd„sbc E`mfrîonbc+ nk i`sdr`nt zkstôt ksn azzawcr k„ndîc dc inmsrcrE`rn`bbc wasw kcw tr`ntw d„sb zartr`nt raoat+ d„sb zartr`nt dc

iceec ysc z`r kc gsonwec as d„sb eabwtrc dc Ir`bhcbwtcnbiîenbnwî" Ct zasrpsan z`w zkstôt sb zartr`nt dc trnwaenpsc+ dc



760

k„nbtcbtnab dc wc dîw`yascr+ dcw ecwsrcw danycbt ìtrczrnwcw ct rcbiargîcw zasr gabtr`nbdrc kcw mcbw ê

icnbdrc dc oncb w„cbtcbdrc" Kc wcgt`rnwec+ kc k`y`mc dcgcryc`s+ kc gabdntnabbcecbt dc e`wwc w„`zzknpscbtdîware`nw ê k„îgfckkc dc k` wagnîtî tastc cbtnærc"

L„cb yanw dîlê psn z`knwwcbt ! Bc yasw nbpsnîtc| z`w+ lc

yasw dnw ! Yasw k„`src| yatrc dnzkôec ! Yasw wcrc| gcr%tninîw Tcrranr%G`wfcr" Kcw gcbtrcw dc gabdntnabbcecbtbc iòrnpscbt z`w dcw îkntcw+ e`nw dcw traszc`sv"K„aolcgtni cwt dc yasw rcecttrc wsr kc t`znw dc k„swnbcd„ò`tt`mc dspsck yasw ìtcw taeoîw 8 eìec wn yatrcyn`bdc cwt `y`rnîc 8 d`bw sbc gabwcryc+ eîk`bmîc `sv

`strcw+ gck` bc wc ycrr` z`w" Wn yatrc cezka~csrzatcbtnck b„cwt z`w nwws dcw îkntcw ê k` g`rrnærc tr`gîcdæw k` b`nww`bgc+ nk gaezrcbdr` zasrpsan ab yasw `sr`dabbî sb dnzkôec psc yasw bc eîrntnc| z`w 8 d„`st`btpsc tast kc eabdc ` dcw g`z`gntîw+ k„cwwcbtnck cwt dcecttrc k` oabbc zcrwabbc `s oab cbdrant+ dc ksn k`nwwcr

kc tcezw dc wc dîyckazzcr+ as encsv+ dc k` dîorndcrzasr ps„ckkc zsnwwc dabbcr `s eabdc kc ecnkkcsr d„ckkc"Wn kc t`sv dc rîswwntc cwt traz o`w+ kcw wsoycbtnabw bcwsnyrabt z`w" Dabg z`w dc z`bnpsc+ nk ~ ` taslasrw zkswas eanbw 6:# dc rîswwntc `s O`g+ `s Oasg+ `s Ocg+ `s

gsktsrnwtc `bòaknwîc+ d„sbc tr`bwwcvsckkc as d„sbc z`rhnbwa%bncbbc 1



76?

Orag 8 `s D"W"Z"T"C"A"B"S"]"@"W"Z" Kcw 0::# wabteìec rîmsknærcecbt `ttcnbtw+ zasr psc kc iare`tcsr

zrcbbc w` rctr`ntc `ycg kcw fabbcsrw+ as zkswgaeesbîecbt zasr îyntcr psc kcw rcg`kîw l`kasv bcdîiabgcbt kcw zartcw+ bc dîtrsnwcbt kc e`tîrnck as bc¨ o`k`bgcbt ¸ wsr k„nbîm`kntî dcw ea~cbw zcrwabbckw+wsr kc i`yarntnwec ct kc gaznb`mc+ rîckw as wszzawîw 8cb k„aggsrrcbgc wsr kcw ps`trc psn b„`y`ncbt z`w kcbnyc`s < gcksn psn b„`ne`nt z`w k` iare`tnab+ kc isenwtcIr`bga%dc%z`zncr%zartsms`nw sbnpscecbt `ttnrî z`r k`rîesbîr`tnab+ kc psnbps`mîb`nrc @kmîrncb psn ît`nt ê k`zcnbc+ kc z`tfîtnpsc e`gfa dcw `bbîcw =: wsr kc rctasr&rczrnw dc lswtngc `kgaaknpsc psn wc y`btc dc wab wîlasrcb zrnwab zasr `yanr îmarmî sb t~zc+ z`rgc ps„nk grant`nbwn ìtrc rcwzcgtî."

&¨ Ab ` dcw cbi`btw ê rîgszîrcr ê k„îgakc+ basw ¸+gabtr`nrcecbt `sv w`bw cbi`btw cbdsrgnw ê psnw„`drcwwc k„cvgswc enbòkc 8 ¨ ab ` z`w `st`bt dc tcezwknorc psc csv ¸ 8 ab cb z`wwc dîlê tckkcecbt ê oanrc dsgìî+ isecr+ tîkîzfabcr+ zrcbdrc kc wakcnk+ o`y`wwcr"¨ Ab k„` z`w+ basw+ gc knyrc ¸+ dnvnt kc Ir`bga%dc%z`zncr%

zartsm`nw dc wcw dcsv+ ps„nk mr`ttc gabtnbsckkcecbt" Cfbab+ nkw bc k„abt z`w+ í`+ ¨ basw ¸" Nkw dîzcbwcbt kcsr`rmcbt d`bw dcw y`g`bgcw+ dcw wartncw rcwt`sr`bt+gnbîe`+ o`r+ d`bw k` tîkîzfabnc zartòkc+ kc tò`g+ kcg`bbònw+ k„`kgaak+ kcw `ggcwwanrcw nbiare`tnpscw yanrckcw ¨ inkkcw dc k„Cwt ¸+ as cbgarc d`bw sbc tabdcswc

zasr psc zsnwwc+ kc iare`tcsr%mk`bdcsr `ycg psn nkw wc



767

wabt oncb èswîw+ wc tabdrc kc zsonw &nkw b„abt z`waiicrt sb wg`kzck+ nk ` dîlê k` ontc gaszîc. 8 w`bw z`rkcr

ds g`drc zfata bseîrnpsc"Kcw wsnycsrw bc wszzartcbt z`w psc psckps„sb w„`gfætcdcw knyrcw &ps„nk ycsnkkc èîknarcr wcw gabb`nww`bgcw+wab bnyc`s+ ps„nk ycsnkkc wc dabbcr tastcw kcw gf`bgcwd„`yanr wab dnzkôec ct dc trasycr sb cezkan. 8 nkw wcwcbtcbt aoknmîw d„cb i`nrc `st`bt+ e`nw nkw wabtfarrninîw ê k„ndîc dc dîzcbwcr dc k„`rmcbt d`bw dcwknyrcw ‗ ct znrc ! dc dcyanr kcw knrc ‗ &nkw bc wszzartcbtz`w kcw nbntn`tnycw nbdnyndsckkcw+ ct eìec zfatagazncr kcknyrc t`bt l`kaswî+ í` kcw i`nt ¨ gfncr ¸+ `karw nkw`ttcbdcbt ps„ ¨ ab ¸ kcsr iasrbnwwc kcw zfatagazncw."Kcw 03: csraw dîzcbwîw+ zasr rcecrgncr kc iare`tcsr%mk`bdcsr dc kcw `yanr dnwtr`ntw bcsi eanw dsr`bt+

`sr`ncbt zasrt`bt zcrenw d„`gfctcr gakkcgtnycecbt dcwknyrcw+ e`nw gc b„cwt z`w d`bw k` gsktsrc ir`bí`nwc" CbIr`bgc+ ab i`nt zkstôt tasrbcr kcw oastcnkkcw d„`kgaak"Cbinb ! rck`tnynwabw+ kc Zartaw b„cwt z`w sb Ir`bí`nwt~zc+ z`w zksw psc kcw eîdnagrcw or`bkcsrw+ kcw `kgaakn%pscw ct kcw dramsîw+ psn z`wwcbt zksw dc tcezw ê w„`y`%

gfnr wsr k` dasgc gf`nr dc Ir`bgc ps„ê rcdrcwwcr kò`rrc ds z`~w psn gasrt `s b`sir`mc < kc ?+ dc k„NWOB¨ >=6%?%>04==9%:3%> ¸ wnmbninc psc k` Ir`bgc cwt kcdcsvnæec zksw mraw zradsgtcsr dc knyrcw+ `zræw kcwSW@+ psn iabt zkstôt d`bw kcw knyrctw zr`tnpscw" _cwtc êw`yanr psn cbyanc kc zksw dc knyrcw `s znkab w`bw eìec

ps„nkw `ncbt îtî ksw".



764

Ab bc yasw dce`bdcr` z`w dc gaeztcr wsr yatrctr`y`nk bn wsr yatrc ciiart zcrwabbck+ e`nw wsr kc

tr`y`nk gakkcgtni ct wsr k„ciiart dcw zksw `y`bgîw ct dcwzksw kòarncsv" Ngn ab zr`tnpsc k` eîdnagr`tnc" Íè`rgfc gaeec í`+ d`bw k` wagnîtî dcw oîbîingn`nrcw"Zasr yasw cb wartnr+ as encsv+ zasr ¨ rîswwnr ¸ &ê ìtrcsbc ockkc w`kazc. d`bw k` wagnîtî tcrtn`nrc dc k„`zz`%rcbgc+ nk i`st rswcr+ ìtrc rswî+ îy`kscr psck oîbîingcab zcst tnrcr dcw sbw ct dcw `strcw+ cb b„fîwnt`bt z`w êzraintcr dcw zksw mîbîrcsv ct ê cvzkantcr kcw zkswwcrynòkcw 8 nk i`st i`nrc `ycg wcw wceokòkcw+ ps`bd gcb„cwt z`w `ycg kcw wnezkcw dcw b`tnabw wnezkcw+ gc psncwt rczragfî `sv neenmrîw psn swcbt ct òswcbt dc k`mîbîrawntî dc k` Ir`bgc09: &wc gaezart`bt gaeec sbcb`áyc iceec i`gnkc psn cwzærc w„cbrngfnr dc tasw gcsv

psn ksn rcbtrcbt dcd`bw. < gscnkknr kcw zanrcw" Tast cbtraezc%k„ŗnk" Ab bc yasw dce`bdc z`w dc w`yanr+ e`nwdc w`yanr gc psc k` wagnîtî ycst psc yasw w`gfnc|" Abbc yasw dce`bdc z`w d„ìtrc+ e`nw d„ìtrc gc psc k`wagnîtî ycst psc yasw wa~c|" I`ntcw gc ps„ab yasw dntdc i`nrc 8 ct o`wt` !

G„cwt tast gc psc yasw dce`bdc k` wagnîtî+ g„cwt tastgc psc yasw dce`bdcrabw kcw iare`tcsrw+ wsrtast gcsv

09: K` Ir`bgc cwt mîbîrcswc `ycg k„`rmcbt dcw Ir`bí`nw psn kc wabt kc

eanbw+ mîbîrcsv 8 ct psn wc dîo`ttcbt zasr z`~cr kc eanbw d„nezôtzawwnokc"



763

psn `necbt wc wcbtnr zaswwcr ds zasyanr ê k` k`bmsc090+w`bw z`rkcr dc gcksn psn ornmsc w`bw dastc sb zawtc dc

dnrcgtcsr dc Gcbtrc z`rgc ps„nk b„cwt z`w kê zasrtr`bwecttrc sb w`yanr ê dcw b`|cw+ e`nw zasr i`nrc wabtras+ yanrc sbc g`rrnærc+ wn ocwanb cb tcbt`bt dc i`nrck` zît`wwc `sv zncdw dc gcsv psn yasdrabt oncb `yanrd„sbc zît`wwc ê kcsrw zncdw+ gcsv psn abt dîlê nbtîmrîsbc wagnîtî wcgrætc îkntnwtc as sbc garzar`tnab bîa%i`wgnwtc 8 ar+ kcw gszndcw psn ycskcbt w„cbrngfnr ctornkkcr cb wc i`nw`bt g`t`zsktcr d`bw kcw f`stcw wzfæ%rcw+ nkw rcgabb`nwwcbt r`rcecbt ps„nkw wabt nbgaezî%tcbtw zasr kcw zawtcw ps„nkw ornmscbt+ nkw rclcttcbt kczksw wasycbt wsr kcw cvîgst`btw k` rcwzabwònkntî dcw

090

Gcsv &k„cvatnpsc ct kc r`gn`knwtc. psn ¨ wc tnrcbt k oasrrc ¸ zasr ìtrcdc gcsv+ kcw i`yarnw+ `szræw dc psn k` Dnrcgtnab w„ ynwcr` &ct taeocr`dcw bscw ps`bd ab ksn r`gabtcr` gc+ ¨ knentc ¸+ psn wc z`wwc d`bwwab gcbtrc+ cb wc dîi`sww`bt < ¨ Lc b„`n z`w cs dc rctasr 8 ct k`waba cwt cb eaba" ¸." Cb k„aggsrrcbgc+ yasw zasrrnc| `wwnwtcr ê sbcgasrwc zasrwsntc cbtrc sbc èontncswc ct g`kgsk`trngc tartsc cb`y`bgc ct sb irswtrî knæyrc cb rct`rd ‗ psn cb cwt rîdsnt ê dnrcb„nezartc psan ct wab gabtr`nrc zasr eabtcr ps„nk cwt kê ct ps„nk ` dcw

zrazawntnabw ê i`nrc ‗ 8 sb waebniærc E`rag`nb ct sb Ir`bí`nwr`gnwtc wsr kcw oardw psn wc grant cbgarc wsr kcw gf`btncrw+ cbtr`nb dc dnrnmcr k` e`nb d„ŗsyrc dcw z`~w cb dîyckazzcecbt &gctA"T" e`bnicwtc îm`kcecbt k„`ttntsdc ds lcsbc eïkc psn ycstdîtrôbcr kc eïkc daenb`bt+ cb k„aggsrrcbgc kc iare`tcsr zrnbgnz`kdabt nk zrcbd k„cbwcnmbcecbt ê rcycrw+ `st`bt zasr kc dîy`karnwcrpsc zasr wcecr kc dastc d`bw k„cwzrnt dcw cbwcnmbîw ps„nkw

nbiîrnarnwcbt `nbwn ‗ cb wc gabtrcdnw`bt gabtnbsckkcecbt ‗+ ct `nbwnwc zawcr gaeec kc wcsk dîtcbtcsr dc k„cbwcnmbcecbt y`kòkc."



769

e`sy`nw rîwskt`tw dc kcsr zakntnpsc+ dc kcsr gabwcnk+ dckcsr zrcwgrnztnab" Zasr wc i`nrc y`kanr gaeec gcsv psn

abt tast gaezrnw ê k` mcwtnab dcw gfcztckw+ kcwèontncsv g`kgsk`tcsrw gfcrgfcrabt ê yasw gabiarecrê kcsr ynwnab dcw gfawcw ‗ cb dîtcwt`bt yasw yanr kcsrrîwnwtcr+ kcsr ¨ g`wwcr k` o`r`psc ¸ cb bc las`bt z`wkcsr lcs+ cb bc kcsr i`gnknt`bt z`w k` tïgfc zk`bninîcd`bw kcsr nbtîrìt ‗ &ìnb dc z`wwcr zasr dc oabwtcb`bgncrw dc oardckw fse`nbw+ oncb dnmbcw dc i`nrcz`rtnc dcw e`rnabbcttcw dc k„aknm`rgfnc.+ wn ocwanb cwtcb i`nw`bt `zzck ê k` zrcwwnab gakkcgtnyc+ cb gf`rmc`btsb or`w drant dc ecbcr kc traszc`s+ sb `zzrcbtneìnawa nby`rnòkcecbt zrîwcbt d`bw gf`psc mraszc+sb eïkc as sbc iceckkc psn wc k` lasc daenb`bt+ aswnezkc ikng`nkkc r`zzartcswc"

&Wn k` tîkî%rî`kntî iènkn`rnwc `ycg k` yndîawsrycnkk`bgcct ckkc `ycg k` wagnîtî dc k` wsrycnkk`bgc mkao`kc `swwn`knîbîc psc kcw wagnîtîw zrnentnycw ê k` eadc `ròa%eswske`bc+ k` eadîr`tnab ds ]co ? rczawc wsr kcw`kcrtcw ct kcw zk`nbtcw dcw ecwpsnbw cii`rasgfîw ct`strcw |îkîw psn ycskcbt wc dabbcr dc k„nezart`bgc+

zasr kcw iènkn`rnwcr `ycg k` dîk`tnab d`bw kcw wagnîtîwtat`knt`nrcw psn wc zrîz`rcbt" Kc i`wgnwec psn `y`bgc êmr`bdw z`w z`nc dîlê dcw iknoswtncrw dc rîwc`svnbiare`tnpscw+ gaeec kc inkw dc zstc ‗ psn dcyr`ntorastcr kc gsk dc w` eærc fîearraád`nrc ‗ psn ¨ o`k`b%gc ¸ wsr k„`stcsr ‗ dîbabí`bt k„nmbaenbncswc zr`tnpsc dc

k` gnrgabgnwnab rntsckkc ‗ z`rtast aþ nk wc rcbd wsr



76=

Nbtcrbct &nk ¨ o`k`bgc ¸ wsr kcw iarsew ct kcw wntcwynwntîw z`r k„`stcsr tastcw kcw nbiare`tnabw ps„nk `

yakîcw wsr k„ardnb`tcsr dc gc dcrbncr 8 gaeec k„ndcbtn%tî+ kc GY+ k` ync zrnyîc+ kcw kncbw ycrw wcw wn gabtr`%rn`btw ct ardsrncrw îgrntw."Tcbdrc kc oïtab zasr wc i`nrc o`ttrc cwt kc zrazrc dcwwasenw" Wc ik`mckkcr cwt kc zrazrc dcw e`waw" Z`~crzasr wc i`nrc k`ycr kc gcryc`s z`r k` tîkî ct kc gnbîe`cwt kc zrazrc dcw ndnatw" Ct i`nrc wan%eìec wsr wan kctr`y`nk d„`knîb`tnab ct d„nbtcrbcecbt 1Nk cb cwt psn abt cbicreî dcw mcbw d`bw dcw gèzw dcgabgcbtr`tnab cb kcsr i`nw`bt gabwtrsnrc gcw gèzwgabtrc kc mâtc ct kc gasycrt" Nk cb cwt d„`strcw psn iabtcb wartc psc kcw mcbw w„cbicrecbt csv%eìecw d`bw dctckw gèzw cb kcw i`nw`bt z`~cr zasr gabwtrsnrc kcsr

gnectnærc ê gnck asycrt".Ecttc|%yasw dabg oncb gcgn d`bw kc grïbc < yasw ìtcwdcw znabw" G„cwt gc ps„cvnmcbt dc yasw kcw èontncsv+kcw zrîtcbtncsv+ kcw y`bntcsv+ zasr ps„csv zsnwwcbt wcfnwwcr `s%dcwwsw dcw znabw < psc yasw wa~c| kcsrwznabw" Yasw zasyc| ìtrc bare`kcecbt gardn`sv ct

wtsdncsv+ gck` bc wsiinr` z`w+ gck` bc gabyncbdr` z`w"Gc ps„nkw ycskcbt+ g„cwt yasw ecbcr ê k` o`mscttc dckcsr k`bmsc+ i`nrc dc yasw gc ps„nkw ycskcbt+ wcbtnr ps„nkwabt wsr yasw sbc cezrnwc+ yanr psc yasw kcsr ìtcw`gpsnw+ psc wzabt`bîecbt yasw `kkc| ycrw csv+ psc yaswìtcw knentîw ê csv+ psc yasw i`ntcw tast gaeec csv+

`ycg csv+ cbtnærcecbt z`r kcsr on`nw+ z`r `stae`tnwec



766

nbgabwgncbt+ b`tsrck+ nbbî+ r`gn`k+ trno`k+ gk`bnpsc+gaeesb`st`nrc &gf`psc dnycrmcbgc d`bw yatrc gaezar%

tcecbt+ d`bw yaw rî`gtnabw+ d`bw yaw zrazaw as d`bwyaw gfanv+ wcrabt gaeec `st`bt d„`ggragw d`bw kc tnwwswagn`k+ gaeec `st`bt dc mr`nbw d`bw k„cbmrcb`mc+ zra%yaps`bt sbc dnwwab`bgc gambntnyc+ sb wcbtnecbt dcdszkngntî+ d„nez`ri`ntc e`bnzsk`tnab+ gabycrwnab+ gakabn%w`tnab+ wasenwwnab. 8 z`rgc psc gcw mcbw bc wszzartcbtz`w k` knocrtî+ k` knocrtî d„cwzrnt+ k` knocrtî dc eŗsrw+d„cbtrczrnwc+ dc grî`tnab+ d„nbycbtnab+ d„`kkcr ct ycbnr"Nkw bc wszzartcbt z`w psc psckps„sb i`wwc ¨ o`bdc êz`rt ¸ `szræw d„csv+ z`rgc psc csv iabt ¨ cbgskîw cbgaeesb ¸ ê k„îg`rt dcw `strcw mraszcw" Bab wcskcecbtnkw ycskcbt zasyanr wc knyrcr ê kcsrw e`bnm`bgcw zasrzrawzîrcr wsr kc daw dc `strcw+ dc yasw ~ gaezrnw+

e`nw nkw ycskcbt cb zksw psc yasw yasw wasecttnc| ê csvct psc yasw wa~c| gaezkngcw dc kcsrw e`bnm`bgcwîmagcbtrnpscw" Zrcbc| dabg k` zawtsrc dc k` zïtc êeadckcr 8 ne`mnbc| psc k„ab yasw `nt rctnrî kc wpsckcttc+ne`mnbc| psc yasw ìtcw yatrc wcvc ct ps„sbc zît`wwcyasw kc trntsrc zasr yasw ecttrc cb îrcgtnab &yasw

wcrc| cbnyrîw z`r kc zragîdî+ ct ckkc `sr` gc ps„ckkcyask`nt < wcbtnr wab nbikscbgc wsr yasw." Ct gf`btc|dabg `ycg kcw `strcw tìtcw dc gfasv < ¨ W`yc|%yaswzk`btcr kcw gfasv 1 ê k` eadc ê k` eadc… W`yc|%yaswzk`btcr kcw gfasv 1 ê k` eadc dc gfc| basw" ¸



76>

Wn yasw yaskc| dcycbnr sb oab gab as sb z`ri`ntgabb`rd+ m`rdc| taslasrw k` tìtc f`stc ct kc daw drantps`bd ab yasw icr` w`yanr psc yasw ìtcw sb gab dcZaza%zartaw+ sb grîtnb nbgsktc psn ` nbtcrraezs wabdîyckazzcecbt gîrîor`k ps`bd w` ontc dc 0? ge cb

îrcgtnab ` gaeecbgî ê ksn eabtcr ê k` tìtc 8 kc mcbrcdc gab gabb`rd msnmbakcwpsc psn z`wwc wab tcezw êrng`bcr+ wc eapscr dcw `strcw+ eabtrcr ds danmt kcwir`sdcsrw `sv zrcwt`tnabw wagn`kcw ct kcw tr`y`nkkcsrwbab dîgk`rîw+ `karw psc ksn%eìec cb cwt sb" Yasw ya~c|kc mcbrc09? 1 Sb t~zc psn nentc w`bw wsggæw gcsv psn¨ rîswwnwwcbt ¸ &ê ìtrc dcw ockkcw zstcw ocwtn`kcw. cbectt`bt cb acsyrc sbc ræmkc dc gabdsntc ct k„ît`td„cwzrnt psn y` `ycg < bc lè`nw wc dîeabtcr+ bc lè`nwdastcr+ bc lè`nw rcgabb`âtrc wab tart+ bc lè`nw wc

09? D`bw kc gsk dc k` Ir`bgc+ yasw ycrrc| kc mcbrc" Kc mcbrc dc gcsvpsn wabt zkcnbw dc e`masnkkcw+ ct psn waszíabbcbt ct `ggswcbt dc

e`masnkkcw psn b„cwt z`w e`masnkkcsr 8 zasr dîtasrbcr k„`ttcbtnabd„csv ct k` iag`knwcr wsr gcksn psn cwt traz mcbtnk zasr ìtrcfabbìtc+ traz ok`bg dc zc`s zasr ìtrc gcksn ps„nk wceokc ìtrc+ trazdîwnbtîrcwwî zasr ìtrc nbtîmrî+ traz nbtæmrc zasr ìtrc dnmbc dcgabin`bgc" @ggswcr kcw `strcw dc tr`bwecttrc kcw e`k`dncw psc csvtr`bwecttcbt" W`knr tast gc ps„nkw tasgfcbt+ tasw gcsv psn kcw`zzragfcbt+ yankê psck cwt kcsr mcbrc" K„`tt`psc cwt k` ecnkkcsrc

dîicbwc" Tck cwt kcsr grcda" Gasyrnr kcw `strcw dc wcw zrazrcwardsrcw zasr kcw `ggswcr d„ìtrc w`kcw" Tckw wabt kcsrw zragîdîw"



7>:

tartsrcr k„cwzrnt+ bc lè`nw eabtrcr dc i`nokcwwc+ bc lè`nw `kkcr gabtrc wcw nbtîrìtw 8 dîtasrbcr kcw

rcm`rdw dc wcw e`bnm`bgcw ct e`kycrw`tnabw cb zanb%t`bt dc k` k`bmsc gckkcw dcw `strcw" Dnt `strcecbt <i`nrc dc k` mabikcttc ct bc lè`nw wc dîmabikcr 8 i`nrckc \czcknb `ycg sbc wtrsgtsrc cb inorc dc g`kgnse ct dcg`roabc+ mabikî ê k„`nr gaeec dcw oneoaw wnkngabîcw psndîtasrbcbt kcw rcm`rdw" Gck` cbmcbdrc kc zcrycrw psndabbc dcw kcíabw dc ear`kc+ k„nbgaezîtcbt psn dabbcdcw kcíabw dc w`yanr%i`nrc+ k„`rrnîrî zrnentni psn dabbcdcw kcíabw dc w`yanr%ynyrc+ k` oìtc w`bmsnb`nrc psndabbc dcw kcíabw dc wznrnts`kntî+ k„nmbar`bt psn tr`ntckcw `strcw d„nmbar`btw" Tast d`bw k` mscskc+ tast d`bwk„`zz`rcbgc" Bc lè`nw rcgabb`âtrc wab crrcsr as wabnmbar`bgc &zkstôt m`rdcr kc wnkcbgc.+ taslasrw `yanr k„`nr

wszîrncsr+ wør dc wan+ iart+ w`y`bt" Wn yasw dabbc| k„`nrd„ìtrc i`nokcw+ ab yasw îgr`wcr` yakabtncrw" Wn yaswìtcw i`nokcw ct psc yasw zrcbc| sb `nr eîgf`bt+ d`bw kcdastc ab wcr` tcbs cb rcwzcgt" Wn yasw ìtcw mcbtnkwzasr bc z`w rcwwceokcr `sv oìtcw ct bc z`w i`nrc kc lcs dc gcsv psn eæbcbt kc eabdc eìncsv+ trno`k+

o`ro`rc+ yasw z`wwcrc| zasr dcw ndnatw psn bc gae%zrcbbcbt rncb ê k` ync &ct kcw iceckkcw zst`wwnærcw yaswrcm`rdcrabt `ycg eîzrnw+ t`bdnw ps„ckkcw nrabt i`nrc dcmr`bdw wasrnrcw+ dc mr`bdw gknmbcecbtw dc gnkw ct dcmr`bdw dîf`bgfcecbtw `sv eïkcw psn ¨ cb lcttcbt ¸+psnttc ê taeocr wsr gcsv psn lcttcbt dc k` zasdrc `sv



7>0

~csv+ ct gcsv psn kcw lcttcrabt ds dnvnæec ît`mc cb kcwi`nw`bt z`wwcr z`r k` icbìtrc."

Psan ps„nk cb want+ b„asoknc| z`w k` kcíab zrcenærc dsoab eastab dc o`wc < k„`zrnarnwec" Kcw gabw mrîm`nrcwiabgtnabbcbt `sv `stae`tnwecw" Nkw grancbt psc tast kceabdc cwt gaeec csv ‗ kcw r`gn`knwtcw psn lsmcbt wsr kcbae ct kc w`bm ‗ < inmî ê ync d`bw k„ît`t dc wab cbi`bgcas dc wab `dakcwgcbgc+ yngncsv as ycrtscsv+ nmb`rc asgsktnyî 8 z`rgc psc gcw mcbw bc wc wabt z`w iareîwcsv%eìecw+ nkw wabt gc psc kc w~wtæec îdsg`tni ` i`ntd„csv" Nkw bc gabíanycbt dabg z`w ps„nk cwt zawwnokc dcgf`bmcr+ dc zramrcwwcr ct d„îyakscr tast `s kabm dc k`ync" Nkw zcríanycbt kcw mcbw ê tr`ycrw k„` zrnarn 8 êgf`psc wcvc+ ctfbnc+ b`tnab`kntî+ garrcwzabd dcwg`r`gtîrnwtnpscw neesòkcw+ z`rgc ps„cb t`bt psc

eastabw nkw grancbt psc tast kc eabdc cwt gaeec csv+cbicreî dæw k` b`nww`bgc d`bw wab wcvc+ wab ctfbnc+ w`b`tnab`kntî+ w` gk`wwc+ wab zf~wnpsc+ w` gsktsrc+ wabarnmnbc+ w` rcknmnab &gc psn b„cwt z`w tat`kcecbt i`sv."Nkw iabgtnabbcbt `ycg dcw ndîcw tastcw i`ntcw" Nkw bcrîikîgfnwwcbt z`w+ g„cwt%ê%dnrc ps„nkw bc zradsnwcbt z`w

d„ndîcw" Nkw bc dnwgcrbcbt bn kcw bs`bgcw bn kcw gaskcsrw+nkw yancbt cb banr ct ok`bg 8 gaeec kcw wcvcw gnr%gabgnw097" Tastcw kcsrw zcrgcztnabw wabt cb banr ct

097 Zîbnw gnrgabgnw dabt kc wcsnk dc dîgkcbgfcecbt wcbwarnck cwt

rcf`swwî+ gc psn i`nt dnwz`r`âtrc tastcw kcw wcbw`tnabw wsotnkcw ctdîkng`tcw+ cb bc k`nww`bt z`wwcr psc kcw zksw mrawwnærcw+ kcw zksw



7>?

ok`bg+ gaeec kcsr r`nwabbcecbt cwt onb`nrc 8 nwws dsr`nwabbcecbt wgak`nrc+ dagtrnb`k ct tat`knt`nrc+ psn

b„`dect ps„sbc rîzabwc gabiarenwtc ê sb zraokæeczawî &`nbwn w„azærc sb gabdntnabbcecbt wcgt`nrc." G„cwtgc psn g`r`gtîrnwc kcw eastabw"Yasw dnrc| w`bw dastc psc g„cwt kê gc psc yasw ìtcwyasw%eìecw+ gc dabt yasw ìtcw incrw+ ct `karw lc yaswdnr`nw psc g„cwt z`ri`nt" Bc gf`bmc| rncb+ yasw ìtcwz`ri`ntw !… zasr ynyrc d`bw sb traszc`s &lc ecgaezrcbdw.… Yasw zasyc| ìtrc incrw d„ìtrc dcw yc`sv+dcw oŗsiw+ dcw ïbcw ct dcw eastabw" Yasw zasrrc| kcgf`btcr cb gfŗsr `ycg kcw Ir`bí`nw ds o`w"D„`nkkcsrw+ lc yasw `sr`nw oncb i`nt îgastcr k` ¨ Oìììoììì d`bgc ¸ zasr yasw ecttrc d`bw k„èon`bgc o`w dcIr`bgc+ e`nw lc b„`n z`w k„cbrcmnwtrcecbt `ycg ean"

Daee`mc… yasw `srnc| zs rnrc sb oab gasz `ycg gc psny` yasw i`nrc zkcsrcr oncb dcw ianw" Csf… kc rcir`nb cwtd`bw gcw batcw%kê… í` i`nt psckpsc gfawc gaeec í` 8 lcyasw kc ectw `s tòkc`s… zasr gcsv psn gabb`nwwcbt kcwakiæmc… ps„ab dcyr`nt cbwcnmbcr ê gcsv psc k„ab estnkcwcvsckkcecbt+ ìnb ps„nkw zsnwwcbt fsrkcr f`rea%

bncswcecbt094

<

ocwtn`kcw+ kcw zksw yskm`nrcw+ gckkcw psn zrayapscbt k„îl`gsk`tnab ctecttcbt inb ê k„îrcgtnab"094 Zasr kcw m`ríabw < ¨ @f ~`+ `f ~`+ `f ~`+ `f ~`+ `ác ~`%~`%~`%~`%`f+ ~` `fff `fff `fff `fff+ `ác `ác `ác+ af kê+ af kê+ af kê" ¸

Zasr kcw inkkcw < ¨ As ~as+ as ~as+ as ~as%asn+ as ~as%asn+ as ~as% ~as%~as%~as%~as+ asf ~` asf ~` asf ~`+ ~as+ ~as+ ~as+ asn asn asn" ¸



7>7

@strcecbt yasw `yc| kcw gk`wwnpscw+ tasw `swwnnbdnwzcbwòkcw ê gabb`âtrc+ gaeec kc zakntnga%inb`bgncrbasyck f~ebc b`tnab`k dc k„Ardrc lsdîa%nwkèa%gfrîtncb dc Ir`bgc%Csrazc%SW@ < ¨ Kcw zctntcw

e`rnabbcttcw ¸+ îgrnt z`r sb `bab~ec"¨ @nbwn iabt+ iabt+ iabtKcw zctntcw e`rnabbcttcw+@nbwn iabt+ iabt+ iabtTranw z„tntw tasrw ct zsnw w„cb yabt"

Kcw e`nbw `sv gôtîw+W`stc|+ w`stc| e`rnabbcttcw+Kcw e`nbw `sv gôtîwE`rnabbcttcw rcgaeecbgc|"

@nbwn iabt+ iabt+ iabt

Kcw zctntcw e`rnabbcttcw+@nbwn iabt+ iabt+ iabtTranw z„tntw tasrw ct zsnw w„cb yabt"



7>4

Ct ckkcw d`bwcrabtKcw zctntcw e`rnabbcttcw+

Ct ckkcw d`bwcrabtPs`bd kcw cbi`btw darenrabt" ¸

W`bw asokncr+ oncb wør+ k` E`rwcnkk`nwc eîdn`tnpsc dc kÌr`bgc esktngsktsrckkc zakntnpsc &wasw%cbtcbds lsdîa%nwkèa%gfrîtncbbc+ wasw%cbtcbds lsdîa%lsdîa%lsd`á%psc. <

¨ Onwas+ onwas+ mcbtnk onwasbasrwSb z„tnt onwas ~ ` rncb dc zksw iasOnwasw+ onwasw mcbtnk onwasbasrwSb mraw onwas ~ ` rncb dc zksw ias"

…… ¸

As cb ycrwnab rî`knwtc <

¨ @kkabw+ cbi`btw+ dc+ k`+ gfncb%knt…ncsf !Kc lasr dc fabtc%cwt… `rrnyî"

Gabtrc basw+ dc+ k`+ dîeagr`…tnc+K` lswtngc ycb%dsc cwt gasgfîc+K` lswtn…gc gasgfîc+ cwt oïgkîc"Cbtcbdc|%yasw+ d`bw baw ps`rtncrw…csf+Or`…nkkcr gcw `tra%gcw îtr`bmcrw+ Psn is…rcbt tnrîw dc kê%o`w+

Zasr„gnrgabgnrc+ yaw inkw ct yaw gaez`…mbcw"



7>3

@sv ar…drcw gnta~cbw !Easnkkc|+ yaw z`bt`kabw !

_èzabw+ gfnabw"Ps„sb… znzn easnkkî+Nbab…dc baw g`kcíabw"

…… ¸

Nk ~ ` `swwn K„f~ebc ê k` lanc+ as kc oabfcsr dc ynyrc cbIr`bgc èîrng`nbc <

¨ Lc wsnw sb cbgskî+ e nw `swwn sb cbgskcsr"G„cwt `nbwn psc ean+Z`ri`nt w`k`sd+ tat`k gabb`rd+Inkw dc zstc ct mraw oït`rd+

_ngfc as z`syrc+Oncbi`nw`bt as e`ki`nw`bt+Lc mnw d`bw kc oabfcsr" ¸

Oab" L„`rrìtc kê+ í` ec wàskc"Wn yasw bc w`yc| z`w gf`btcr+ yasw zasyc| taslasrw

i`nrc gf`btcr k` Ir`bgc ê k` eadc lsdîa%èîrng`nbc+zcbd`bt ps„ckkc cwt cbgarc sbc g`ycrbc d„@kn oò`+ z`wcbgarc tat`kcecbt dîzasnkkîc+ z`r kcw zrîd`tcsrw d„ngnct d„`nkkcsrw+ dc wcw zrnbgnzcw+ dc wcw la~`sv ct dc w`ra~`stî" Zasr gc i`nrc+ bc zrababgc| z`w ¨ Wîwèc+asyrc%tan ¸+ gck` bc iabgtnabbc z`w" Zrababgc| wnezkc%

ecbt < ¨ Lc wsnw gfapsî ¸+ ¨ basw waeecw gfapsîw ¸ 8



7>9

¨ dc eîeanrc d„`bgìtrcw eartw d`bw kcw gèzw+ d`bwkcw tr`bgfîcw+ d`bw kcw iawwcw+ d`bw kcw `ræbcw+ d`bw

kcw enbcw+ d`bw kcw gfèzw+ d`bw kcw m`kærcw… baswb„`yabw lè`nw rncb ys bn cbtcbds dc z`rcnk+ g„cwt îzas%y`btòkc+ g„cwt træw gfaps`bt ¸+ ¨ tasgfîw d`bw batrccma wcbwnonkntî dc gszndcw icrycbtw y`bntcsv gra~`btwnbgsktcw as gsktnyîw &g„cwt ds z`rcnk `s eìec+ kcwgcryc`sv wc dîkntcbt wasw kc gasz dcw rcknmnabw.+ baswwaeecw gfapsîw+ `tragcecbt gfapsîw ¸" Zasr dabbcrds zandw ê yatrc ïzrc îean+ zrîgnwc| psc yasw ìtcwgfapsîw z`rgc psc ¨ lc wsnw sb faeec+ sb yr`n ! ¸+ ctean ¨ sbc iceec+ sbc yr`nc ! ¸093" Wn yasw `ync| îtî

093 Z`rgc ps„ ¨ ab bc zrìtc ps„ sv rngfcw ¸+ wn oncb ps„nk i`st zratîmcr kcw

iartw cb îgr`w`bt kcw i`nokcw+ wastcbnr kcw zsnww`bgcw îgabaenpscw+enknt`nrcw+ inb`bgnærcw+ cb îgr`w`bt kcw zctntcw" G`r dc k` iècswcîm`kntî ‗ gaeec dc k knocrtî as dc k ir`tcrbntî ‗+ kcw ¨ iartw ¸ b„cbycskcbt z`w 8 kcw ¨ iartw ¸ as zkstôt gcsv psn ycskcbt ìtrc zksw psckcw `strcw w`bw k„ìtrc yr`necbt+ gcsv psn danycbt dabg rcgasrnr `svea~cbw zcrycrw dc k` trngfc+ ds ecbwabmc+ dc k` i`kwning`tnab+ dc k`garrsztnab+ dc k` zraz`m`bdc+ dc k` dîwnbiare`tnab+ dc k` e~wtning`%tnab+ ìnb dc wc i`nrc z`wwcr zasr gc ps„nkw bc wabt z`w+ ct w„`ttnrcr

tastcw kcw i`ycsrw+ tasw kcw rcm`rdw+ tastcw kcw `ttcbtnabw" Wc dabbcrk„`nr d„ìtrc rngfc as iart+ g„cwt dîlê w„`ttnrcr kcw i`ycsrw+ kcwrcm`rdw+ kcw `ttcbtnabw+ psn zcrecttcbt dc dcycbnr rngfc as iart"Nk i`st dabg w`sycr k` i`gc dcw iartw+ g`r kcw iartw wabt tckkcecbtiartw ps„nkw wabt îor`bkîw ê eart z`r sb wnezkc eat dc tr`ycrw"G„cwt k` ear`kc psc zrazawc kc eabdc bîa%onoknpsc < kc w`grninc fse`nbê k` mkanrc d„sb dncs psn b„cvnwtc z`w ct psc k„ab nbycbtc zasr zasyanr

kcycr k` tìtc dc k` tcrrc grattîc ct rcm`rdcr kc gnck cb wc i`nw`btgranrc ps„sb z`r`dnw w„~ trasyc 8 iòrnpscr sbc aknm`rgfnc eabwtrscs%



7>=

`denròkcecbt dnzkôeîw+ zasr dabbcr zandw ct kîmntn%entî ê yatrc gaezk`nbtc+ yasw `srnc| zs i`nrc y`kanr

yatrc îdsg`tnab dc zrcwtnmc d`bw sbc iècswc nbwtnts%tnab wgak`nrc iare`bt `sv y`kcsrw wszîrncsrcw dc k„îkntcrìinbîc m`r`btc dc k` zawtîrntî dcw gnynknw`tnabwîyaksîcw" @ dîi`st dc zcdnmrcc nbwznr`bt gasrocttc+yasw zasyc| cvzknpscr ps„cb oab dnwgnzknbc gskzònknwîd„sbc rcknmnab onoknpsc+ yasw iabgtnabbc| d`bw kc eadcznkat`mc `stae`tnpsc ds w~wtæec kneonpsc 8 gabiareî%ecbt `s w~wtæec zakntnpsc+ eîdn`tnpsc+ ecrg`tnpsc" Ctd„`lastcr < ¨ Lc bc wszzartc dabg z`w k` tartsrczw~gfnpsc psc k„ab e„nezawc cb e„nezaw`bt dc e„nbtcr%ramcr wsr k` zcrtnbcbgc dc k` gnrgabgnwnab psc l„nbiknmcoìtcecbt+ psc dnw%lc ! wznrntsckkcecbt ! ê e` zrazrnîtî‗ ecw zramîbntsrcw ê ean ‗+ ê gf`rmc zasr csv dc

wszzartcr wtaápscecbt k` estnk`tnab mîbnt`kc psc lckcsr nbiknmc `ycg tast gc psc gck` nezknpsc dc dîw`w%trcsv d`bw kcsr rck`tnab `sv `strcw mraszcw gsktsrckw&ps„nk i`sdr`nt tasw gnrgabgnrc zasr i`nrc dnwz`r`âtrctasw kcw zraokæecw ‗ wcvsckw+ wagn`sv ct r`gn`sv ‗." Lcec dîgf`rmc wsr csv dc tast gc psc ean lc wsnw

nbg`zòkc dc mîrcr+ ean k„`dsktc dnynbcecbt nbwznrî z`re` wasenwwnab ê k` wszrìec rcknmnab eìncswc+ ean psnaoînw wcrynkcecbt ê gc psc kcw `starntîw rcknmncswcwgabwcnkkcbt as ardabbcbt cb i`nw`bt dc ean sb mènb ê

wc `ycg k` gf`nr ct kc w`bm dcw iaskcw ora~îcw psn dcyrabt dc wsrgraât

k„ darcr cb wc i`nw`bt sbc incrtî dc zcrecttrc kcsr îrcgtnab dcw~btfæwc+ dc yngc ct dc gabtrci`íab"



7>6

psn dc mr`bdw w`mcw o`rosw danycbt dnrc gc psn cwt oabct e`sy`nw+ oncb ct e`k 8 g`r ean lc wsnw sb faeec+ sb

yr`n+ ct ean sbc iceec+ sbc yr`nc+ t`bdnw psc kcwcbi`btw bc wabt rncb+ wn oncb ps„ab zcst tast kcsr i`nrc&ps`bd k„cbi`bt b„cwt z`w enw `s eabdc zasr wcrynrd„cwgk`yc+ dc o`bpsc d„arm`bc as dc ¨ oîoî%eîdng`%ecbt ¸099+ nk b„cvnwtc psc zasr zartcr kc zandw dc tastgc psc wcw mîbntcsrw zawcbt wsr ksn ct ksn nezawcbt`starnt`nrcecbt ‗ gaeec bae+ gsktsrc+ rcknmnab+ eacsrw+ctg" ‗+ ê gf`rmc zasr ksn dc wszzartcr tast gc psc kcwkïgfcw ksn rczragfcrabt d„ìtrc ct dc i`nrc ê dîi`std„`yanr ¨ kcw gasnkkcw ¸ dc w„`drcwwcr dnrcgtcecbt ê wcwmîbntcsrw+ wsrtast w„nkw rnwpscbt dc wc i`nrc ir`g`wwcrk` mscskc ê mr`bdw gaszw dc zanbm 8 g`r cbtrc `dsktcwmîbntcsrw wartnw ds eìec easkc ê t`rtc+ `ycg as w`bw

b`zz`mc+ ab wc gaezrcbd+ ab wc rcwwceokc t`bt+ ab i`nttasw z`rcnk09=."

099 Bî z`r iîgabd`tnab nb yntra `zræw sb dn`mbawtng mîbîtnpsc zrî%nezk`bt`tanrc zcrectt`bt dc wîkcgtnabbcr k„ceor~ab psn zradsnr` sb

cbi`bt onakamnpscecbt gaez`tnokc `ycg sb e`k`dc ê psn nk dant wcrynrdc dabbcsr dc w`bm"09= Basw b„ yabw eìec z`w cs ê i`nrc k„aolct d„sb dn`mbawtng zw~gfn`%trnpsc ct zw~gfatcgfbnpsc+ bn eìec d„sbc îy`ks`tnab dc k` gsktsrcmîbîr`kc îkîecbt`nrc+ zasr dîtcrenbcr batrc g`z`gntî ê îkcycr sbczramîbntsrc 8 k` wagnîtî zrîwsec psc kc eneîtnwec cwt nbbî+ ct pscbasw waeecw dabg gabiarecw ê gc ps„nk i`st zasr gc ps„nk i`st &k`

wagnîtî ` `swwn zrîwseî psc kcw neenmrîw `ròa%e`mfrîonbw wnbmc%r`ncbt kcw Ir`bí`nw…."



7>>

E`nw `ttcbtnab+ fcnb ! Bc gabiabdc| z`w 8 m`rc ê yasw !Ps`bd ean lc rcm`rdc kc wcvc dc e` zramîbntsrc wc

i`nrc dîgaszcr ê e` dce`bdc… lc bc wsnw z`w gfapsî+ds tast 8 ct dabg yasw%eìecw bc dcyc| z`w k„ìtrc" Ctps`bd l„îmarmc sb eastab ct psc lc ksn gaszc k` tìtc cbkc ynd`bt dc wab w`bm… lc bc wsnw z`w gfapsî+ ds tast"Gaeec ps`bd l„îyndc kcw ocwtn`sv psc l„`n îmarmîw… l„`nkcw e`nbw zkcnbcw dc ynwgærcw ct dc w`bm+ e`nw lc bcwsnw z`w gfapsî" Dc eìec+ karwpsc lc yanw ¨ sb farwbarec ¸ wc i`nrc zcbdrc+ sb yakcsr wc i`nrc tr`bgfcrkcw e`nbw+ sb ynakcsr wc i`nrc îe`wgskcr+ as sbgabdèbî ê eart wc i`nrc dîg`zntcr `s wòrc… lc bcwsnw z`w gfapsî" Ds tast ! Z`w zksw ps„cb rcm`rd`bt k`yndîa d„sb at`mc wc i`nrc dîgaszcr k` tìtc `s gastc`sd„îmarmcsr z`r sbc oìtc zrîfnwtarnpsc dabt kcw

bcsrabcw wc wabt bîgrawîw cb ycrwctw w`t`bnpscw" Z`wgfapsî 8 ds tast ds tast" Ds tast !Yasw ya~c| 1! D`bw e` gsktsrc+ ab b„`nec z`w k„aowgî%bntî 8 dcw mcwtcw+ dcw eatw+ dcw garzw" K„aowgîbntî+ abk„`nec d`bw k` gnrgabgnwnab ct d`bw kcw wcvcw gnrgabgnw 8d`bw kc mcwtc psn estnkc kcw wcvcw cb i`nw`bt fsrkcr dc

daskcsr+ d„ciiran+ dc wtszcsr" G„cwt tckkcecbt zaîtn%psc !Dabg+ cbtcbdabw%basw oncb+ fcnb ! Lc bc wsnw z`wgfapsî z`rgc psc lc wsnw dasî dc wcbwnonkntî fse`nbc 8ct dabg d„nbtckknmcbgc dc gacsr" Ps`bd lc dnw psc lcwsnw gfapsî+ gck` wnmbninc psc lc wsonw kc gfag dcw

gsktsrcw psc l„nbiknmc `sv `strcw cb cvfno`bt e` ontc



4::

estnkîc ct eab garzw yankî+ wn gc b„cwt e` o`roc bî`b%dcrt`kncbbc as eab gsk drcwwî ycrw kc gnck ps`bd lc zrnc

w`sy`mcecbt wsr sb z`rhnbm zsokng+ cbtrc dcsv yîfn%gskcw &m`rîw…." E`nw gaeec lc wsnw y`bntcsv+ lc zk`gck„`ttcbt`t ê e` zsdcsr dc zsrnt`nb `rrnîrî `s%dcwwswdc tastcw kcw `strcw wcbwnonkntîw" Lc e„nbgrswtc gfc|yasw zasr e„`gg`z`rcr k„fawznt`kntî ct k` zrawzîrntî psc l„cvnmc dc rcgcyanr dc yasw+ e`nw g„cwt yasw psn dcyc|yasw zkncr ê ecw gnbp yakabtîw" G`r ean lc wsnw w`grî+ît`bt dabbî psc lc wsnw `dcztc d„sbc rcknmnab onoknpsc 8k` zrcenærc+ k` dcrbnærc… k` ecnkkcsrc+ psan ! Bsk bcdant ec tasgfcr w`bw e` zcrenwwnab" Bsk bc dantw„`drcwwcr ê ean w`bw rîyîrcbgc bn zrawtcrb`tnab" Ean lc wsnw gfapsî z`r yasw+ e`nw yasw bc dcyc| z`w k„ìtrcz`r ean 8 yasw dcyc| yasw rcikîtcr d`bw gc psc ean lc

wsnw+ ct ean tasrbcr kc daw ê gc psc yasw yasw ìtcw" Nkcwt tast ê i`nt b`tsrck psc ean+ psn wsnw sb faeec+ sbyr`n+ ct ean psn wsnw sbc iceec+ sbc yr`nc+ lc yaswf`rgækc ct yasw ynakcbtc zasr i`nrc dc yasw sb faeec+sb yr`n+ ct dc yasw sbc iceec+ sbc yr`nc+ wckab eabeadækc ê ean 8 g`r ean lc wsnw rîyskwî%c z`r gc psn b„cwt

z`w ean" E`nw nk cwt nb`denwwnokc psc yasw+ bc wcr`nt%gcpsc z`r yatrc `zz`rcbgc+ yatrc rcm`rd as yaw zrazaw+yasw ec gfapsnc|+ ec okcwwnc| as ec eîzrnwnc|" Ean lcwsnw sb faeec+ sb yr`n+ ct ean sbc iceec+ sbc yr`nc"Yasw ec dcyc| dabg kc rcwzcgt+ k` wasenwwnab+ k`wcrynkntî+ k„`dar`tnab+ k„`denr`tnab" Lc wsnw gc psc kc

eabdc ` i`nt dc ean+ dabg lc wsnw sbc grî`tsrc d„cb%



4:0

ycrmsrc eabdn`kc" Tr`ntc|%ean dabg `ycg kcw îm`rdwdsw ê eab r`bm ra~`k mkao`knwî"

&_cm`rdc| gaeecbt lc wsnw sb faeec+ ean+ sb yr`n <Oab+ ean lc wsnw @kmîrncb+ fcnb 8 ct l„cb wsnw incr ! Lcwsnw nwws dc zcszk`dcw psn b„abt lè`nw rncb gabwtrsntdc batòkc+ e`nw psn abt kcyî k` tìtc `ycg kcsr nwkèn%w`tnab" Dczsnw+ ab w`nt estnkcr kc wcvc dc baw m`ríabwct ab w`nt îmarmcr kcw ynkk`mcanw zasr `ggîdcr ê kè`mnwtr`tsrc wszrìec" Dabg+ lc ec wsnw e`rnî `ycg sbcCwz`mbakc &sbc mènbc dc gnbp `bw d„ïmc ecbt`k….+ e`nw`ycg w` mr`bdc mscskc dc rapsct+ lc b„`n lè`nw rîswwn êk` zcrws`dcr dc estnkcr eab mawwc 8 i`gc ê gc mcbrcd„`bne`k+ yasw gambc| as yasw nmbarc|+ ct ean l„`n nmbarîct l„`n i`nt gaeec nk b„~ `y`nt zksw rncb cbtrc basw"Dabg+ eab mawwc+ ocb+ lc bc kc gabwndærc z`w gaeec

eab mawwc" Lc kc bîmknmc+ ct lc i`nw cb wartc ps„nk ecgaøtc kc eanbw gfcr zawwnokc ct ps„nk ec rîgkèc kceanbw d„`ttcbtnab zawwnokc 8 ct w„nk taeoc e`k`dc+ í` eci`nt gfncr+ í` ec i`nt sb oaskct ê tr`âbcr+ `karw lc ksnrczragfc d„`yanr tast i`nt zasr ìtrc e`k`dc &í` ksn`zzrcbdr` ê tr`y`nkkcr eìec cb ît`bt e`k`dc gaeec ê

bc z`w dîgk`rcr wcw îycbtsckkcw okcwwsrcw ct `ggndcbtwdc tr`y`nk+ psnttc ê gabtnbscr ê tr`y`nkkcr `ycg kcwtcbdabw dcw or`w dîgfnrîw+ lswps„ê inbnr nb`ztc `str`y`nk+ w`bw nbdcebntîw+ z`rgc ps„nk `sr` nbtîmrî kc i`ntps„nk dant tr`y`nkkcr lswps„ê gc psc eart w„cbwsnyc+gaeec l„`n `y`kî ds ¨ e`rgfc as græyc ¸+ astrc ¨ wn

t„cw z`w gabtcbt+ k` zartc cwt asycrtc+ rctasrbc d`bw



4:?

tab z`~w ¸." Yasw b„`yc| z`w ndîc lswps„ê psck zanbt abzcst îgabaenwcr cb bîmknmc`bt wcw mawwcw ! G„cwt ê

zcnbc wn lc ksn z`nc sbc z`nrc dc gf`swwsrcw ct sbz`bt`kab z`r `b" Oncb aoknmî+ `strcecbt lc icr`nw traze`sy`nwc inmsrc cb Ir`bgc" Dabg+ l„`n i`nt e` ync cbIr`bgc+ e`nw ê iargc dc o`r`masnbcr `ycg ecw gabmî%bærcw kcw e`g`pscw `kmîranw ct tasttn ps`bd psan+ l„`ngaeecbgî ê ceecbcr e` zramîbntsrc cb y`g`bgcw zasrps„nk zrcbbc kc zkn dc gfc| ean" Ct dabg e` yr`nc iènkkc&z`w k„cwz`mbakc+ ckkc g„cwt lswtc k` iènkkc ds oswnbcwwwagn`k+ zasr k` bîgcwwntî ds e`rn`mc. e„` nbtcrramî wsrkc iabdcecbt dc batrc cvnwtcbgc+ ê basw kcw zrne`tcwdcw wòkcw ct dcw rag`nkkcw < ¨ Nk cwt gnrgabgnw 1 Z`rgcpsc w„nk cwt z`w gnrgabgnw+ ~„` z`w ê gfncr+ nk cwt z`w dcwbôtrcw ! Nk i`st kc i`nrc gnrgabgnrc" Nk cwt mr`bd tcezw"

Nk i`st+ nk i`st… nk i`st 8 nk i`st+ nk i`st" ¸ Dabg+ kècrdc psc lc wsnw ` gaeecbgî ê znkabbcr e` iceckkc`ttntrîc 8 `ycg k` k`bmsc+ lc k„`n znkabbîc+ z`w `ycg kòntc+ í` i`nt dcw kswtrcw ps„ckkc bc ec wcrt ps„ê znwwcr"Nk i`kk`nt psc lc ksn nezawc e` dîgnwnab trno`kc psn b„cwtz`w k` encbbc+ e`nw gckkc dc tasw" L„`n zrnw ê tîeanb sbc

gabb`nww`bgc @kmîrncbbc e`rnîc ê sbc Ir`bí`nwc+ ctcbwceokc ab ` oasrrî kc gfas dc k` zctntc r`ttc ê psn l„`n i`nt ecttrc o`w ecw g`g`w ê ean" Ct l„`ndnt < ¨ _cm`rdc+ ean ! Nk wcr` gaeec ean" Gaeec basw+oìììììì+ gaeec basw ! ¸ Inb`kcecbt+ lc wsnw z`rycbs êk` zcrws`dcr 8 cb zanbt`bt wsr w` tcezc sbc ecb`gc dc

dnyargc" Lc yasw dnw z`w gaeecbt lc ec wsnw ê basyc`s



4:7

wcbtn o`bdcr ! Lc wsnw rcdcycbs sb faeec cb z`ryc%b`bt ê i`nrc estnkcr kc wcvc dc e` gf`nr ! Sb faeec !

Yasw yasw rcbdc| gaeztc 1! Sb faeec+ sb yr`n ! Ct l„`nzs rctasrbcr cb @kmîrnc zasr cvfnocr eab trazfîc <¨ Yasw ya~c| 1 o`bdc d„cbgskîw ! zctntw wasenw dcecrdc+ w`kctîw dc zcrycrw `rrnîrîw… ean `swwn lc wsnwz`rycbs ê ec t`zcr sb zctnt hnhn dc m`ríabbct ! Fî%fî+ean `swwn lc wsnw sb faeec+ sb yr`n ! ¸" Oab+ dczsnw psc l„`n i`nt estnkcr+ kc i`sv ean+ nk b„` lè`nw `rrìtî dc eci`nrc gfncr"096 @y`bt g„ît`nt encsv+ nk ec i`nw`nt z`wd„fnwtanrc+ nk dnw`nt rncb+ nk dce`bd`nt rncb 8 l„~ zrìt`nweìec z`w `ttcbtnab" E`nw `s oast dc trcbtc `bw+ gczctnt gab cwt z`rycbs ê îgrnrc tast kc e`k ps„nk zcbw`ntdc gc psc lc ksn `n i`nt" Trcbtc `bw+ ps„nk ksn ` i`kks+ zasri`nrc wab rat ! Nk ` awî ornwcr k` kan ds wnkcbgc" Yasw

yasw rcbdc| gaeztc !1 K` kan eìncswc psn rîmnt kc

096 Basw+ basw waeecw gaeec kcw Lsniw < wsr k` gnrgabgnwnab abiabdc batrc gsktsrc+ batrc rcknmnab+ batrc ndcbtntî+ batrcecbt`kntî+ batrc wcvs`kntî+ batrc b`tnab`kntî" E`nw basw dnwabwps„èzstcr kc zrîzsgc bc gf`bmc rncb ê rncb" Zasrt`bt+ zasr kcwIr`bí`nw+ sb Ir`bga%e`mfrîonb psn z`wwc ds wt`tst d„nbt`gt ê gcksn

dc gnrgabgnw+ z`wwc `swwn ds wt`tst dc Ir`bí`nw+ zragfc+ iènkncr+nbtnec+ ê gcksn dc k„@ròc+ dc k„îtr`bmcr+ dc gcksn ê psn ab z`rkcgaeec ab z`rkc ê sbc zcrwabbc `ycg psn ab ` `sgsb kncb ìicgtni"Basw basw eapsabw dc w`yanr psc k` gnrgabgnwnab psc basw nbikn%mcabw `ttcbtc `swwn zraiabdîecbt ê `strsn+ ê w` gsktsrc+ ê wabne`mc dc wan+ ê wab r`zzart ê wan ct `sv `strcw+ e`nw nk basw cwtnb`denwwnokc dc wsonr sb tck astr`mc z`r k„nbtcrdngtnab dc k`

gnrgabgnwnab" G„cwt `nbwn 8 psc wc e`bnicwtc k` kan ds zksw iart+ dszksw rswî+ ds zksw iasroc+ ds zksw gskattî"



4:4

eabdc ! Nk ` awî k` ornwcr" Ct cbgarc ! nk bc z`ryncbttaslasrw z`w ê asyrnr k` oasgfc zasr kc dnrc" Trcbtc

`bw esrî d`bw kc wnkcbgc 8 í` bc i`gnkntc z`w k„îkagstnab"Fcsrcswcecbt ! wnbab nk zasrr`nt dcycbnr eîgfèecbtzragîdsrncr 8 k` ecrdc zasrr`nt rcikscr+ í` basw icr`nttasw oncb gfncr" @karw l„`n dnt < ¨ G„cwt e`nbtcb`bt ps„nkz`rkc 1! ¸ L„`n k„fòntsdc dc ec dnwgskzcr cb rclct`btkcw tartw wsr ksn 8 nk ` k„fòntsdc+ tast kc eabdc ksn gfncdcwwsw09>" Lc wsnw tckkcecbt gab psc lc gaezrcbdweìec z`w zasrpsan nk ksn ` i`kks tast gc tcezw zasryaenr" Gc psc lc w`nw+ g„cwt psc g„cwt z`w sb faeec" Gcwcr` sb faeec ps`bd nk `sr` i`nt gaszcr kc wcvc d„sbm`ríabbct" Basw kcw Oèoaskcw+ ab ` sbc dcynwc < t„cwz`w sb faeec t`bt psc t„`w z`w tsî sb mawwc 8 `ycg sbcyantsrc+ sb gastc`s as sb e`rtc`s+ as tcw zanbmw" Nk

i`st tscr k„cbi`bgc zasr psc ræmbc k„faeec+ kc yr`n" @psan í` basw wcrt d„ìtrc dcw faeecw+ dcw yr`nw 1Oìììììì ! @ z`r`dcr+ zasr `ttnrcr kcw iceckkcw psn wabtz`w dcw yr`ncw iceecw+ z`rgc ps„ckkcw wabt z`wgnrgabgnwcw" Í` basw wcrt z`w ê mr`bd%gfawc 8 lswtc êbasw cb ecttrc zkcnb k` mscskc+ cbtrc faeecw" Wn ! Í`

09> @ e` r`ttc+ lc dnw taslasrw < ¨ Ts i`nw psc dcw gabbcrncw" ¸@karw e` r`ttc ec dnt taslasrw < ¨ Ts i`nw psc dcw gabbcrncw" ¸@karw e` r`ttc ct ean+ ê eab earycsv+ ab ksn dnt taslasrw < ¨ Tsi`nw psc dcw gabbcrncw" ¸ \„`yc| ys í` 1 Gfc| basw+ k` iènkkc g„cwtw`grî" Ct e` iènkkc ê ean+ psc ean l„`n i`nt `ycg e` ontc gaszîc êean+ g„cwt sbc iènkkc w`nbc+ îpsnknorîc+ z`w z`tfakamnpsc+ z`w

bîyratnpsc+ z`w sbc iènkkc dc t`rîw… sbc gf`bgc zasr k` Ir`bgcpsan !



4:3

wcrt ê tr`bgfcr 8 d`bw kc yni… ds wslct+ z`w d`bw kcmr`w+ ab `nec kc mr`w+ cbinb ! kc bôtrc &í` wcrt ê í`+

ìtrc sb faeec+ ê wc i`nrc ds mr`w." Ps`bd ab cwt sbfaeec+ ab ræmkc kcw ìi`nrcw sbc oabbc ianw zasrtastcw 8 ab tr`bgfc+ d„faeec ê faeec+ ab k`nwwc z`wtr`âbcr kcw gfawcw zcbd`bt trcbtc `bw" G„cwt d„`nkkcsrwzasr í` ps„ab b„cbtcbd zksw z`rkcr dc k` mscrrcd„@kmîrnc" Basw kcw faeecw+ ab ` tast enw wsr kc t`znw+ct ab ` rîmkî baw gaeztcw" Ab w„cwt knyrî ê sb iòskcsvtr`y`nk dc eîeanrc 8 dnmbc d„sb gabtc+ `ycg wcwîzrcsycw ct wab dîbascecbt gabwtrsgtni" G„cwt gaeec`ycg kcw Lsniw… dcw faeecw+ csv `swwn+ dcw yr`nw+ z`wdcw zkcsrbngfcsrw 8 cbgarc zksw yr`nw psc basw < csv+ nkwestnkcbt kc wcvc dcw oîoîw" Ct zsnw `karw+ csv+ tast dcwsntc `zræw k` ?cec Mscrrc+ trnosb`k dc Bsrceocrm !

Dczsnw+ tcrenbî" Nkw `sr`ncbt z`w cs k„ndîc dc i`nrcgfncr kc eabdc `d knontse z`r k„`rmsecbtse `db`swcè" G„cwt rîmkî+ zknî+ tr`bgfî+ wgckkî+ `rgfnyî+cbtcrrî" Nkw abt îtî dîdaee`mîw+ g„cwt oab+ nkwzcsycbt `rrìtcbt dc gfn`kcr" Z`w ocwanb d„nbycbtcr kcgabgczt ds ¨ dcyanr dc eîeanrc ¸ zawt%gfn`tnpsc zasr

zasyanr wc k` lascr m`rdncbw dc k` eîeanrc 8 ct i`nrcz`rkcr sb basyc`s rcwg`zî `zræw sb `strc+ wanv`btc `bw`zræw" Nkw abt tasrbî k` z`mc+ gaeec dcw faeecw psn`y`bgcbt+ z`w gaeec dcw gfncsrw psn trîznmbcbt" Nkwwabt dcycbsw dcw faeecw+ dcw yr`nw" Nkw yabt z`wgfn`kcr tastc kcsr ync+ bab 1 G„cwt ê í` ps„ab rcgabb`ât

sb faeec+ sb yr`n" Ct eab mawwc+ zst`nb ! g„cwt z`w sb



4:9

faeec+ nk yncbt tast lswtc dc zaswwcr wab grn zrne`k"Yasw ne`mnbc| kc trsg 1 Sb oîoî psn b`ât+ e`nw psn fsrkc

trcbtc `bw `zræw !1 F`kksgnb`bt+ bab 1 Zasr basw+ g„cwtf`kksgnb`bt+ z`rgc psc basw kcw @kmîrncbw+ ab cwt dcwfaeecw+ dcw yr`nw+ g„cwt zasrpsan ab dce`bdc z`w dcrczcbt`bgc" Ab w`nt psc k` ync+ g„cwt k` ync 8 k` ync+ g„cwtk` mscrrc d`bw sb eabdc dc zstcw ct dc oìtcw" Gc psndant `rrnycr `rrnyc < k` gnrgabgnwnab gaeec k` mscrrc" Nki`st zrcbdrc kcw gfawcw `ycg wtaágnwec ct wc rckcycrzasr wsnyrc k` ync psn wsnt wab gasrw" Ab w„cwt zrnw sbtr`bgf`bt d`bw k` mscskc+ g„cwt k` ync" Ct kcw Fîorcsv+g„cwt z`rcnk" Nkw wc wabt i`nt gnrgabgnrc+ nkw bc yabt z`wgabtnbscr ê zkcsrcr dsr`bt tastc kcsr fnwtanrc < ¨ @f… ~`~`~`" @f… ~`~`~`" ¸ Nkw b„`sr`ncbt z`w ndîc dcgabtnbscr ê zkcsrcr 9: `bw `zræw kcsr wcen%mîbagndc

e`bpsî+ ?::: `bw `zræw gcgn+ 4::: `bw `zræw gck`" Ean l„`n dabbî 3: ir`bgw ê eab earznab+ ps`bd lc k„`n i`ntestnkcr 8 kc zrnv d„sbc z`wwc+ psan ! Kcw Csrazîcbw abtdabbî gaeoncb `sv Lsniw 1 G„ît`nt kc zrnv d„sbc mrawwcz`wwc+ cb tast g`w""" Ct ocb yankê+ g„cwt oab+ kcwgaeztcw wabt i`ntw" Ab cwt dcw faeecw+ dcw yr`nw" Ab

i`nt kc dcsnk" Ab tnrc sb tr`nt" Cf ocb bab ! ^„` taslasrwdcw earycsv psn asyrcbt kcsr mscskc zasr mcnbdrc+grntnpscr+ rîgkècr dc wc i`nrc easgfcr ! Zst`nb !Fcsrcswcecbt ps„ab ` z`w cbgarc trasyî kc wcgrct dck` ync îtcrbckkc ! G„cwt z`w basw kcw @kmîrncbw psnrnwpsabw dc kc trasycr+ ab cwt lswtc oabw ê estnkcr dcw

wcvcw dc m`ríabbctw 8 ct îmarmcr dcw ynkk`mcanw `swwn"



4:=

Nk i`st w`yanr i`nrc k` zstc+ d`bw k` ync+ zasr w„cbwartnr 8 w`yanr wc gakkcr ê csv psn `ggardcbt kcw

cezkanw+ kcw `ndcw+ kcw znwtabw+ kcw wsoycbtnabw… tr`âbcr`ycg csv d`bw kcw onwtratw ct i`nrc k` gf`ttcentc+ wnzawwnokc cb rcbd`bt dc ecbsw wcryngcw" Gaeecbtgra~c|%yasw psc kcw Lsdîa%i`wgnwtcw ct kcw Nwkèa%i`wgnwtcw wszzk`btcbt kcw eastabw ir`bí`nw d`bw kcwe`nbw dcw îksw èîrng`nbw nwr`îkncbw ir`bí`nw 1 Nk i`st lswtc `yanr kcw e`nbw zrazrcw+ as z`w traz w`kcw dc gcps„nkw bc ycskcbt wsrtast z`w tasgfcr zasr bc z`w bsnrcê kcsr rîzst`tnab" W`kcw ds w`bm dcw îmarmcsrw dceastabw+ í` y`+ kcw mcbw d„cb f`st bc gr`gfcbt z`w wsrsb zctnt eîgfasn dc tcezw cb tcezw" W`kcw ds w`bm dcwoîoîw ct dcw m`ríabbctw wcvsckkcecbt estnkîw+ í``swwn í` y`+ í` bc kcw dîr`bmc z`w+ í` bc rnwpsc rncb 8

cb Ir`bgc+ ab zcst irngatcr `ycg dcw gaszcsrw dcycrmcw+ í` y`+ í` bc dîr`bmc zcrwabbc"Ab b„` z`w kcw e`nbw w`kcw+ basw" Ab ` kc wcbw gar`bnpscdc k` zrazrctî" G„cwt zasrpsan ab bc zakksc z`w batrccwzrnt `ycg kcw gfawcw w`kcw ds z`wwî" Ct ab bc wck`nwwc z`w zakkscr k„cwzrnt `ycg k` eîeanrc dcw iîtngfnw%

tcw psn iabt dc k` rîtcbtnab wardndc dc z`wwî" Nezawcrê sbc b`tnab dc wc wasycbnr ds e`kfcsr d„sbc dc wcwz`rtncw rcyncbt ê i`nrc dc k` rîtcbtnab d„c`s w`kc" Abzcst dnrc psc k` Ir`bgc ` dcw kasrdcsrw d„cwtae`g+e`nw ckkc wasiirc wsrtast dc lèocw kasrdcw 8 g`r ckkci`nt dc k` rîtcbtnab d„c`s w`kc" Kcw lèocw dc Ir`bgc

wabt cbmarmîcw dc k„c`s e`rîg`mcswc dc dcsv z`wwîw <



4:6

k` ?cec mscrrc eabdn`kc ct k` mscrrc d„@kmîrnc" Nk ~ `dcw nbdnyndsw psn wasiircbt ds w~bdraec dc

Eûbgff`swcb z`r zragsr`tnab+ psn nblcgtcbt gcttc c`sw`kc d`bw kcw lèocw dc Ir`bgc+ zasr wc k` lascroabbcw ïecw nbinrenærcw psn wc wasgncbt d„ckkc ct dc w`w`btî+ e`nw psn+ cb rî`kntî+ k„cezanwabbcbt ct ksnzasrrnwwcbt k` ync" Ct ean lc dnw < ¨ Nk i`st gaszcr ! !~„`psc í` dc yr`n" Gaszcr ! Nk i`st gaszcr kcw lèocw dcIr`bgc+ psn bc wabt zksw oabbcw ê rncb" Ckkc wc wcbtnrèncsv `zræw" ¸.Bc wa~c| z`w gfapsîw ps`bd l„cvfnoc ecw m`ríabw wsrkcw zk`mcw `ycg kcsr zîbnw wg`kzî+ eìec wn kcsr zctntzîbnw dîgf`rbî yasw dabbc k„nezrcwwnab dc yanr dcwinkkcttcw psn eabtrcbt+ kcw lèocw ct kcw icwwcwîg`rtîcw+ kcsr y`mnb dîikarî as kcsr `bsw dnk`tî" Ct bc

wabmc| z`w sb nbwt`bt ê cvnmcr sbc kan zasr e„nbtcrdnrcd„cvfnocr eab wcvc estnkî+ g`r lc ec wcbtnr`nw grsckkc%ecbt cvgks dc k` wagnîtî+ yngtnec d„sb nb`denwwnokc+ciira~òkc ct fabtcsv r`gnwec+ gaeec d„sbc tcrrnokcgrs`stî &as oncb `karw+ nk i`st e„`bcwtfîwncr < i`nrcz`wwcr yaw kanw `btn%gnrgabgnwnab ¨ ê k„nbws dc eab zkcnb

mrî ¸+ gaeec k„`ggard dabbî ê sbc zrazawntnab dcornm`bdw." Yasw ec icrnc| taeocr dc f`st+ dc e` zk`gc`s wakcnk gabpsnwc z`r dcw zragîdîw eìncsv+ ct d`bwe` kasrdc gfstc lc yasw `ggswcr`nw dc e„`yanr `tragc%ecbt ir`g`wwî kc grïbc+ gc psn lswtnincr`nt psc yaswwa~c| gabdèbîw ê ec ycrwcr dc gabwîpscbtw daee`%

mcw ct nbtîrìtw" Dabg+ l„asyrc e` mscskc dc or`nkk`rd



4:>

zasr lascr sb trîeaka < ¨ Lc wsnw gfapsî" ¸ Yaswgaezrcbc|+ sb zcs+ eab îenbcbtc wznrnts`kntî 1 As

oncb yasw ìtcw traz zrnentniw `rrnîrîw 1&Basw+ basw basw zk`nmbnabw w`bw gcwwc d„ìtrc yngtnecwdcw rcm`rdw+ dcw zrazaw+ dcw wtîrîat~zcw+ dcw ` zrnarn+dcw dnwgrnenb`tnabw… e`nw basw b„`decttabw z`w dcbasw cbtcbdrc dnrc psc basw gaeecttabw gcw gfawcw%kê" G`r basw ecbabw sbc mscrrc zw~gfakamnpsc+ psngabwnwtc ê zasyanr wc zk`gcr `s%dcwwsw dcw `strcw+ ìnbdc zasyanr dnrc+ cb t`bt psc daenb`bt < ¨ I`ntcw gcps„ab yasw dnt+ z`w gc psc basw i`nwabw" ¸ Gcksn psn wck`nwwcr` dabbcr dcw kcíabw dc ear`kc ‗ z`r `swwngr`zskcsv as zksw gr`zskcsv ‗ wcr` kc wasenw ct kcdaenbî".Basw kcw faeecw+ kcw ynmasrcsv+ ct basw kcw iceecw+

kcw îe`bgnzîcw+ kcw knoîrîcw+ kcw nbtckknmcbtcw+ kcw îya%ksîcw… basw waeecw gfapsîw+ z`r tast+ w`si z`r gc psnyncbt dc basw 8 basw waeecw gfapsîw+ òaenbòkcecbtgfapsîw" Karwpsc basw waeecw cb zawntnab dc iargc+oncb gabiartòkcecbt nbwt`kkîw d`bw k` wagnîtî+ basw`neabw r`nkkcr ct eîzrnwcr gcsv psn wc kècbtcbt wsr

k„nblswtngc ds eabdc" E`nw karwpsc basw waeecw `mrcw%wîw+ dîgk`wwîw+ e`kecbîw+ basw fsrkabw ê k„`mrcwwnabg`r`gtîrnwîc+ ê k` ynakcbgc nblswtninîc+ ê k„`ttcbt`t ‗ êbatrc zsdcsr ‗ 8 ct basw zkcsrbngfabw+ k„`nr f`m`rd ctzksw ds tast f`st`nb+ eîzrnw`bt as r`nkkcsr < ¨ Baswwaeecw gfapsîw" ¸ @karw zkcsrc| zasr basw+ yasw psn

b„ìtcw z`w dcw faeecw+ dcw yr`nw+ ct ycrwc|%basw sb



40:

dîdaee`mcecbt inb`bgncr zasr k„ìikngtnab psc yaswg`swc| gabtnbsckkcecbt ê baw mr`bdw gŗsrw tr`bwnw" ¸

Ct `karw k` Ir`bgc îg`rtc wcw gsnwwcw ct w„asyrc 8 yaswtasgfc| sbc zcbwnab d„nby`kndntî îeatnabbckkc+ sbczcbwnab dc mscrrc gsktsrckkc+ as cbgarc sbc rcbtc dcmscrrc zw~gfakamnpsc"Í` e`rgfc gaeec í`+ cb Ir`bgc+ gaeec `nkkcsrw+dîware`nw < nk bc i`st z`w gabtr`rncr kcw Lsniw &nk i`stkcw k`nwwcr i`nrc gc ps„nkw ycskcbt ct kcw k`nwwcr nezawcrtast gc ps„nkw ycskcbt `sv `strcw0=:.+ z`rgc ps„`strc%ecbt nkw iabt sb mraw g`g` bcrycsv cb fsrk`bt `s mîba%gndc ‗ dc k„fse`bntî tast cbtnærc `ycg csv ‗ &nkw w„~ecttcbt ê zkswncsrw+ zasr kc i`nrc+ kc mraw g`g`+ ctps`bd nkw w„~ ecttcbt+ nkw ecttcbt ds gŗsr ê k„asyr`mc+pscwtnab dc ync as dc eart 8 ab ne`mnbc dabg `nwîecbt

kc rîwskt`t…." Lswtc `zræw kcw Lsniw+ nk ~ ` kcw Eswsk%e`bw" @zræw kcw Eswske`bw+ wsr kcsr knt dc eart+ nk ~ `kcw G`tfaknpscw" Ct kcw iîenbnwtcw `y`bt tast+ ct kcwfaeawcvsckw… bab ! z`w kcw faeawcvsckw+ d„òard kcw@irng`nbw+ cbwsntc kcw faeawcvsckw… ct `nbwn dc wsntc+

0=: Nk i`st kcw k`nwwcr gabiarecr k` Ir`bgc ê gc psn kcw `rr`bmc+ zasrps„ab bc zsnwwc z`w dnrc psc k` Ir`bgc wc oìasc `ycg csv" @nbwn eìecps„ckkc ` îtî cblsnyîc+ nk i`st nwkènwcr k` Ir`bgc &z`r cvcezkc cbzrcb`bt inb`bgnærcecbt cb gf`rmc k` gnrgabgnwnab rntsckkc dcwEswske`bw.+ zasr ps„ab bc zsnwwc z`w dnrc psc k` Ir`bgc w„cwtdîya~îc+ ckkc ct wcw zrnbgnzcw 8 gaeec w`… ziii ! k`ágntî &wng."@nbwn+ gc psn cwt zrazrc `sv Lsniw ct `sv Eswske`bw cwt dcycbs

gaeesb ê tasw kcw fònt`btw dc Ir`bgc+ gaeec g„ît`nt tr`dntnab%bckkcecbt kc g`w `ycg kc g`tfakngnwec"



400

lswps„`sv `tfîcw+ cii`gîw gaeec kcw `strcw mraszcwctfbnpscw as gsktsrckw dabt kcw gfcztckw d„`bne`sv

fse`nbw bc waszíabbcbt eìec z`w k„cvnwtcbgc+ zsnwpsckcw eîdn`w dc e`wwc z`rkcbt taslasrw dcw eìecw &kcwmr`bdw gfncsrw."Wn yasw bc w`yc| z`w traz gc psn zcst kîmntnececbtgfapscr+ w`gfc| psc zasr gfapscr nk b„cwt z`w bîgcw%w`nrc d„`mrcwwcr zf~wnpscecbt+ dc ok`wzfîecr+ d„nbwsk%tcr+ dc zîtcr+ dc ratcr+ dc yagniîrcr as dc e`k wcgaezartcr" Nk wsiint dc bc z`w zrîwcbtcr sb `wzcgttast oc`s tast zrazrc 8 nk wsiint dc i`nrc ecbtnr kce~tfc yask`bt psc k„fse`nb b„cwt z`w sb `bne`k+ k`nd+w`kc+ zs`bt+ ct zkcnb dc e`k`dncw ‗ zf~wnpscw ct ecbt`%kcw ‗+ e`nw sb dncs ‗ cb dcycbnr as cb rîfònknt`tnab ‗"Dîor`nkkî+ z`w r`wî+ e`k ganiiî 1 Yncnkkc gf`swwsrc+

dîe`rgfc zcs îkîm`btc+ ynyc ct dîgndîc &ct dabgciir`~`btc gaeec gckkc d„sb `mrcwwcsr. 1 Yanv trazzcs zawîc+ traz iartc+ yagòsk`nrc traz zcs rcgfcr%gfî 1 Tast gck` wsiint ê dîr`bmcr+ ê gfapscr" Nk cb cwt`nbwn z`rgc psc kcw yntc gfapsîw bc wabt z`w dcw oncb`ne`btw+ dcw nbdskmcbtw+ dcw gaez`tnww`btw+ e`nw dcw

`nmrnw+ dcw f`nbcsv+ dcw zcsrcsv+ dcw irswtrîw+ dcwwcgt`nrcw+ dcw tat`knt`nrcw+ as+ zasr kc dnrc trnyn`kc%ecbt+ dcw gabb`rdw"Zasr oncb gakkcr ê k` zc`s dc k` wagnîtî gabtcezar`nbc+nk i`st zrîwcbtcr k„`wzcgt knwwî dcw zsokngntîw zasrgaweîtnpscw ct yìtcecbtw dc eadc" @wzcgt dc e`bbc%

psnb+ dc gaeecrgn`k+ dc inb`bgncr+ d„faeec d„ìi`nrc+



40?

dc zakntngncb as d„`gtcsr dc wîrnc tîkîynwîc" Z`w d„adcsrdc wscsr bn dc tr`gc dc wasnkksrc0=0 8 z`rgc psc d`bw kc

eabdc tcrtn`nrc iîenbnwî &daenb`bt cb Aggndcbt.+ abbc w`nt zksw traz gc psc g„cwt+ psc tr`bwznrcr+ cbdcfarw d„sbc w`kkc dc gsktsrc zf~wnpsc gkne`tnwîc" Z`wd„cvzrcwwnab ¨ d„cb o`w ¸" Encsv y`st ìtrc sb nbiïecmraw zarg wzîgsk`tcsr `yndc dc zraint inb`bgncr nkkîmn%tnec ct nbdîgcbt ‗ aotcbs z`r kc w`gg`mc dc enkknabw dcyncw ‗ ps„sb fseokc fònt`bt dc k` tcrrc 8 í` `ttnrc+gaeec k` ecrdc kcw easgfcw+ k` e`wwc dcw zstcw ctdcw mr`bdcw zstcw+ eïkcw ct iceckkcw+ psn eîzrnwcbtkcw fseokcw cb cwzîr`bt wc mr`bdnr ct w„cbrngfnr z`r kckîgf`mc dc gsk dcw ìi`nrnwtcw"&Psck grîdnt `ggardcr ê tast gck` 1 Psck grîdnt`ggardcr `sv zsokngntîw psn w„`zzsncbt wsr dcw ne`mcw

e`mbninîcw dc inkkcw ïmîcw dc 09 `bw zasr ycbdrc dcwgræecw `btnrndcw ê dcw iceecw dc 4: as 3: `bw 1 Kcwzradsntw ceockknww`bt wabt tckkcecbt ciing`gcw psc kcwkòar`tanrcw danycbt cb i`nrc wzcgt`gsk`nrc ct gaøtcs%wc zsokngntî+ cb dce`bd`bt kc rcbiart dcw ycdcttcw dswzcgt`gkc ps„ckkcw zrcbbcbt ê tîeanb ct dabt ckkcw

zk`g`rdcbt kc zartr`nt `sv gôtîw dc kcsr gèckatc 8gaeec wn kcw ps`kntîw `rtnwtnpscw as zk`wtnpscw `ttrn%osîcw ê gcw ycdcttcw y`k`ncbt ps`kntî gaweîtnpsc dcwzradsntw cblakny`bt &bc yasw wasgnc| z`w dcw gaøtw dc

0=0 Cb wagnîtî+ sbc zctntc tïgfc wsr sb yìtcecbt y`st mrawwc g`rnc

wsr sbc dcbt+ mraw zswtskc wsr sb bc| < gaeec sbc îtankc dc D`ynd l`sbc wsr sb gawt`rd…



407

zsokngntî ct d„ceo`kk`mc+ gc wabt kcw gkncbtcw psn kcwz`ncbt." B„cwt%nk z`w zksw wnezkc ct zksw fabbìtc+ ct

eanbw gaøtcsv+ d„aiirnr ê dnv iceecw sbc `bbîc d„sbtr`ntcecbt `btnrndcw+ ìnb dc dîeabtrcr `nbwn wabciing`gntî &sbc `bbîc wsiint+ zsnwpsc gf`psc `bbîcgf`psc zradsnt cwt gf`wwî z`r sb `strc+ wan%dnw`bt zkswzcriare`bt. 8 ct kc oasgfc%ê%arcnkkc0=? `sr` k„ciictd„sbc oaeoc" Kcw esktnb`tnab`kcw dc k` gaweîtnpsc b„cbabt zcst%ìtrc z`w kcw ea~cbw" Gck` zcst wc gaezrcb%drc < `s zrnv aþ ckkcw ycbdcbt kcsrw zradsntw+ sbc tckkcîy`ks`tnab gknbnpsc zrayapscr`nt w`bw dastc kcsri`nkkntc 8 ct kc oasgfc%ê%arcnkkc cwt nbgabtrôkòkc"@``f+ bab ! Nk bc i`st z`w dnrc í`+ z`w gaeec í`+ í` bcwc i`nt z`w ! ab bc tasgfc z`w `sv mr`bdw dc gc eabdc&nkw wabt w`grîw." Nk bc i`st z`w ìtrc e`sy`nwc k`bmsc !

Gc b„cwt z`w dnmbc dcw ockkcw ct mr`bdcw cbtrczrnwcwesktnb`tnab`kcw wn dnwtnbmsîcw+ psn bc yasw iasrmscbtz`w ds zanwab cb wc iast`bt dc yatrc mscskc+ e`nw psn+cb rî`kntî+ ycbdcbt… ds rìyc 8 gc psc k` zsokngntî¨ Zcrkneznbznb ¸ inmsrc wn oncb < ¨ @zræw eab o`nb dceaswwc+ bsc dcy`bt e` mk`gc+ wsr eab ynw`mc l„`zzkn%

psc… ds rìyc ! Z`r tasgfcw gnrgsk`nrcw wsggcwwnycw+ lc

0=? As oncb+ wn kcw kòar`tanrcw b„abt zcsr dc rncb+ sbc îenwwnab dctîkî psn ecttr` psatndncbbcecbt ct wakcbbckkcecbt cb wgæbc+ karwd„sbc gaezîtntnab `kkîmarnpsc cbtrc e`rpscw+ k` ¨ gîrîeabnc dstr`ntcecbt `btnrndcw ¸+ ìnb dc wsnyrc kcw zramræw `bbabgîw dcw

zctntcw græecw e`mnpscw+ psn wcrabt kcw zramræw dcw iceecwtfîïtr`knwîcw"



404

ec wcbw gf`psc lasr zksw ockkc ct zksw lcsbc+ `kkabmîcwsr eab zctnt bs`mc rawc… cb `ttcbd`bt… `ttcbd`bt…

ps„sb ynmasrcsv zrnbgnzc `gtni ec wcgasc+ dîrndc ecwwnkkabw ct rîycnkkc k` oc`stî psn cwt cb ean" @karwgaeec ean+ `ycg Zcrkneznbznb+ rctrasyc| yatrc zsgck`%mc cb sb tasr dc e`nb" ¸ ¨ Zcrkneznbznb… g„cwt… yatrcnbdnwzcbwòkc z`rtcb`nrc psatndncb+ yatrc tcbdrcgabindcbt+ yatrc nrrcezk`íòkc gaezkngc+ yatrc è`btknpsndc+ yatrc zrnbgc zcriare`bt… yatrc wîrse dc lasycbgc" ¸ ¨ Zcrkneznb… k` rîyakstnab z`rtngskc &|nz !.…k„nbbay`tnab gakk`mæbc &|`z !.… k„nbir`%tcgfbakamnc `swcryngc dc yatrc zc`s &|aaae !." 0=7.K„`zz`rcbgc cwt sbc gfawc zrneardn`kc+ d`bw sb eabdcdc wnbmcw psn wc g`gfcbt dc gc ps„nkw wabt cb rcdas%ok`bt d„ciiartw ct dc wtr`t`mæecw 8 `roarc| dabg

k„`zz`rcbgc dc gcsv psn cb abt+ dcw oasrwcw+ ds zambab&ds z`rcnk `s eìec zasr k„cwzrnt zrnentni." Z`rtast aþ

0=7 Nk cwt dcw t`v`tnabw dc z`trneanbc psn wabt+ wnbab rîyakt`btcw+`s eanbw dîgasr`mc`btcw+ yanrc dcwtrsgtrngcw dc b`tnab ct dctnwws îgabaenga%wagn`k" Nk cb cwt d„`strcw psn wabt lswtcw+ g`r ckkcw

zabgtnabbcbt dcw cbrngfnwwcecbtw dastcsv+ nbdsw yanrc eìncsv"Gcsv psn wc zk`nmbcbt d„ìtrc nezawîw wsr kc irsnt dc kcsr gaeecr%gc iabt%nkw oncb dc wc zk`nbdrc ps`bd kcsr gaeecrgc dcyr`nt tastoabbcecbt ìtrc nbtcrdnt 1 zsnwps„nk rckæyc ds gf`rk`t`bnwec+ dck„cwgrapscrnc+ dc k` traezcrnc wsr k` e`rgf`bdnwc+ dc k` zsokngntîecbwabmærc 8 g`r g„cwt sb gaeecrgc psn oîbîingnc d„sbc takîr`bgcas d„sbc kîm`kntî z`rgc ps„nk zraintc dc k„`ycsmkcecbt nbtîrcwwî ds

kîmnwk`tcsr+ cb wc las`bt+ `ycg k` gaezkngntî ct k„f~zagrnwncmîbîr`knwîc+ dcw tcvtcw rîmnww`bt kc gaeecrgc ct k` zsokngntî"



403

yasw nrc|+ ab wc dce`bdcr` psn yasw ìtcw+ gc psc yaswi`ntcw+ psck cwt yatrc z`wwî+ psckkc cwt yatrc nbtnentî"

Kcw mcbw yasdrabt tast w`yanr dc yasw+ g`r k` eantnîdcw mcbw abt k` ecbt`kntî zrnentnyc ct kc gaezartcecbt`bne`k `bgrîw cb csv 8 kcsr aowcwwnab ya~cswc rckæycdc k` zw~gfn`trnc+ d„sbc yakabtî dîeabn`psc dc yasw`yanr wasw kcsrw ycrrasw wagn`sv+ wasw kcsr cezrnwcecbt`kc+ wasw kcsrw rcm`rdw nbpsnwntcsrw+ ê dîi`std„ìtrc dc tast zsnww`btw wcnmbcsrw rîmb`btw &nkw ycs%kcbt yasw w`yanr wasenw+ cbgf`âbîw+ wasw gabtrôkc+ yaswgaeec csv+ kcsr gablanbt+ kcsrw zramîbntsrcw+ kcsrwgabmîbærcw.0=4" Ct zasr csv gaeec zasr tasw kcw `bn%e`sv+ psngabpsc bc i`nt z`w z`rtnc ds mraszc ct b„cwtz`w gabiarec ê gc psc kc mraszc nezawc ê wcw ece%orcw+ cwt sb nbgabbs+ sb îtr`bmcr+ sb nbtrnm`bt+ sb

d`bmcr" Nk cwt dabg ynt`k zasr yasw dc w`yanr psn yaswìtcw < gabb`nwwc|%yasw yasw%eìec &gabb`nwwc| kcweîg`bnwecw zw~gfakamnpscw dc k„`bne`k fse`nb+ gaeeck„arnmnbc ct kcw iabdcecbtw dc yaw rî`gtnabw+ dc yaweatny`tnabw+ dc yaw zcbgf`btw+ dc yaw maøtw+ dc yawaznbnabw. zasr+ `swwn wørcecbt+ gabb`âtrc kcw `strcw ct

bc zksw ìtrc nbtrnmsîw bn ciir`~îw z`r csv"

0=4 Csv w„cwtnecbt cb drant dc zîbîtrcr dc iargc d`bw yatrc ynczrnyîc+ d„~ trniasnkkcr+ ct `nbwn dc k` ynakcr cb k„ît`k`bt wsr k` zk`gczsoknpsc+ e`nw nkw grncbt `s ynak as ê k„nbdnwgrîtnab ‗ ecb`í`btc ‗ wn

yasw kcw rcm`rdc| d„sb rcm`rd zcrí`bt as wn yasw wceokc| îgastcrgc ps„nkw o`ycbt cbtrc csv"



409

&Kc eîtnww`mc mkao`knwî b„cwt z`w bîgcww`nrc zasr psckcw mcbw `zzrcbbcbt ê rc%gabb`âtrc k„@strc cb îynt`bt

`nbwn kcw gabikntw 8 gc zrîtcvtc bc tncbt z`w+ ycb`bt dcwgaezkatcsrw psn dîgkcbgfcbt yakabtncrw dcw mscrrcwd„nbtîrìtw îgabaenpscw ct inb`bgncrw+ ct psn bcrcgabb`nwwcbt z`w kcsrw zramîbntsrcw eïkcw wn ckkcw bcwabt z`w wcvsckkcecbt estnkîcw gaeec csv+ csv psnestnkcbt kcw wcvcw zasr gaszcr k„cwzrnt ds garzw+ dnyn%wcr k„faeec dc k` iceec+ wîz`rcr k` eærc ds m`ríab+ct kcsr gaeesb`stî dcw `strcw mraszcw fse`nbw" G„cwteìec kc kcnteatny d„sbc zraz`m`bdc psn g`gfc sb `strcdcwwcnb+ g`r kcw mcbw bc wc rc%gabb`nwwcbt z`w d`y`b%t`mc cb ît`bt tasw nwwsw ds eìec grcswct+ wn gc b„cwtz`r r`zzart `sv `strcw grcswctw+ `ycg kcwpsckw nkwrny`knwcbt yakabtncrw &kcw mcbw bc wabt wasycbt ènw psc

i`gc ê dcw cbbcenw gaeesbw. 8 nkw abt b`tsrckkcecbttcbd`bgc ê yaskanr wc dnwtnbmscr dcw `strcw+ cb gfcr%gf`bt dcw dniiîrcbgcw+ ct wn ocwanb cb cb grî`bt" Kceîtnww`mc zraes z`r kcw gnrgabgnwcsrw ct kcsrw ìindîwbc zragædc z`w d„sbc dîe`rgfc wznrntsckkc+ sbnycr%w`knwtc+ z`gninwtc+ fse`bnwtc+ e`nw d„sbc yakabtî dîkn%

oîrîc dc dîtrsnrc kcw b`tnabw zasr rcgaezawcr kceabdc ê kcsr i`íab+ d`bw kcsrw nbtîrìtw eîm`kae`bcw+îmaáwtcw+ y`bntcsv+ ìnb dc wc zk`gcr `s%dcwwsw dctasw+ wsr sb trôbc+ cb i`nw`bt `nbwn granrc ê k` yîr`gntîdc kcsr rcknmnab+ psn cwt sbc cwgrapscrnc bc zasy`btrî`knwcr wcw zrazfîtncw psc z`r k„cwgrapscrnc"



40=

@s kncs dc ecttrc kcw mcbw d`bw sbc wnts`tnab psn kcwzaswwc ct kcw aoknmc ê wc eîtnwwcr+ cb kcsr i`nw`bt `nbwn

ynakcbgc+ encsv y`sdr`nt dabbcr `sv nbdnyndsw kcwea~cbw d„cvnwtcr cb t`bt ps„nbdnyndsw `~`bt dîyckazzîkcsr zrazrc zcrwabb`kntî+ `stabaenc dc zcbwîc+ ctg"G`r gf`gsb wc rcgabb`ât d`bw k` dîe`rgfc psn cwt wce%okòkc ê k` wncbbc &z`r cvcezkc+ gf`gsb wc rcgabb`âtd`bw kc gsrwsw wgak`nrc ps„nk ` ksn%eìec gabbs." Gf`gsbwc rcgabb`ât cb `strsn wn gf`gsb zcst `ggaezknr sbceìec dîe`rgfc nbdnyndsckkc ct sbnycrwckkc" Gf`gsb wcrcgabb`âtr`nt cb `strsn w„nk ît`nt dabbî ê gf`gsb dczasyanr dîyckazzcr w` zrazrc nbdnynds`kntî+ g`r tast kceabdc gabb`âtr`nt nbtnececbt gc psn i`nt ct dîi`nt kcwnbdnyndsw" @s kncs dc í`+ ¨ ab ¸ banc ct ¨ ab ¸ iare`tckcw nbdnyndsw d`bw sbc e`wwc gabtrôkîc z`r gcsv psn

ycskcbt daenbcr kc eabdc" Kc eîtnww`mc mkao`knwî z`rkc wòat`mc dcw b`tnabw b„` ps„sbc ynwîc < kc gabtrôkctat`knt`nrc ds eabdc+ dc k„fse`bntî sbniarenwîc+ wne%zkninîc"Wn ab gfcrgf`nt ê nbwt`srcr k` takîr`bgc+ ab k`nwwcr`ntkcw mcbw dîyckazzcr kcsr zrazrc zcrwabb`kntî+ kcsr

zrazrc zcrgcztnab ct gabgcztnab dc k` ync… ab k`nw%wcr`nt kcw mcbw ¨ wc gfcrgfcr ¸ ct ¨ wc trasycr ¸" K`zksz`rt dcw mcbw gfcrgfcbt ê nezawcr ê tasw sb eadækcd„nbdnynds+ sb eadc dc ync+ z`rgc ps„nkw wabt gc psc dcwdaenb`btw abt i`nt d„csv cb kcsr nbgskps`bt k„ndîc psckcsr i`íab dc i`nrc cwt k` encsv+ ê `ggcztcr ct ê

rczradsnrc" Ct gcrt`nbw daenbîw+ zasr ¨ dcycbnr



406

psckps„sb ¸+ gfcrgfcbt ê `yanr kc rôkc dc daenb`btw"E`nw gcsv psn zrîtcbdcbt `yanr trasyî k` zncrrc zfnka%

wazf`kc dc k` gafîwnab wagn`kc+ dc k„f`reabnc sbnycr%wckkc+ wabt d`bw kc eìec tr`ycrw psc gcsv psn wæecbtk` dnwgardc+ k` dnynwnab+ k` mscrrc+ k` f`nbc" Nkw òardcbtkc zraokæec dc k` e`sy`nwc i`íab"Gcsv psn wc zk`nmbcbt kc zksw dc dnwgrnenb`tnab z`rgcps„nkw wabt farw barec wabt gcsv psn w„`tt`gfcbt kc zkswê kcsr barec+ ct psn k„nezawcbt `sv `strcw ps`bd nkwwabt daenb`btw+ z`rgc ps„nkw abt sb eadc dc ync bare`%tni gaeec gcsv psn kcw rclcttcbt" Ab yant `nbwn kcw`bgncbw dnwgrnenbîw dcycbnr dnwgrnenb`tcsrw ps`bd kcW~wtæec kcw ` `wwnenkîw" Ab yant+ z`r cvcezkc+ dcwkcwoncbbcw nezawcr ê tasw+ z`rtngsknærcecbt `svkcwoncbbcw+ kc eadækc t~zc dc k` kcwoncbbc+ ê w`yanr kc

kcsr+ gcksn psn garrcwzabd ê gc ps„ckkcw wabt ckkcw%eìecw+ cb k„aggsrrcbgc+ dcw cwzægcw dc grî`tsrcw bneïkcw ct bn iceckkcw+ z`w yr`necbt `bdram~bcw+ e`nwen%eïkcw ct en%iceckkcw+ dcw grî`tsrcw bnfnknwtcw psnbc rcwwceokcbt ê rncb+ gaeec dc rczasww`btw tr`bw%wcvsckw as dcw grî`tsrcw cvzîrnecbt`kcw nwwscw ds

mîbnc mîbîtnpsc 8 ps`bd ckkcw bc wabt z`w dc mra%tcwpscw yanrc mrawwnærcw g`rng`tsrcw ds e`gfa+ dse`sy`nw m`ríab+ as znrc+ ds Ir`bga%e`mfrîonb psnnentcbt kcw @ira%èîrng`nbw m`bmwtîrnwîw" Gcrt`nbcwiceecw d„`wzcgt gabycbtnabbck+ zksw as eanbw iîenbn%bcw+ wc rctrasycbt ê e`bnicwtcr dc k„`ttnr`bgc zasr sbc

kcwoncbbc faee`wwc+ e`nw kcw kcwoncbbcw bn%bn kcw



40>

rclcttcbt ct kcw eîzrnwcbt+ z`rgc ps„ckkcw bc garrcw%zabdcbt z`w ê k` barec nezawîc z`r gcw kcwoncbbcw bn%

bn" Ct gc wabt gcw on%e`gfnbw kcwoncbbcw bnfnknwtcw psntncbbcbt kc f`st ds z`yî dc k„`gtnynwec kcwoncb+w„`mnww`bt dc dîbabgcr kc wart dcw kcwoncbbcw d`bw kceabdc bareî z`r kcw e`gfaw+ kcw iceecw sktr` iîen%bnbcw+ kcw onmatw+ ctg" Eìec ecbt`kntî psc kcw Lsdîa%i`wgnwtcw+ Nwkèa%i`wgnwtcw ct `strcw iîenbnwtcw tat`%knt`nrcw+ psn zrcbbcbt ê tîeanb kc wart dcw zksw i`nokcwdcw Lsniw+ @ròa%E`mfrîonbw+ iceecw+ zasr `ttcbdrnrk` e`wwc+ aotcbnr dcw zrîram`tnycw d`bw kcw wzfærcwcvîgstnycw+ kîmnwk`tnycw ct lsdngn`nrcw+ ìnb `ggîdcr `sZasyanr ct d„nezawcr kcsr barec"K`nwwc| kcw mcbw ynyrc kcsr ync+ nkw k`nwwcrabt kcw `strcwynyrc k` kcsr" Dabbc| `sv mcbw kcw ea~cbw ‗ e`tîrnckw

ct nee`tîrnckw ‗ dc ‗ ¨ wc gfcrgfcr ¸ ct dc ¨ wc tras%ycr ¸ ‗ zasr ynyrc `s encsv kcsr ync+ ct tast wc z`wwcr`zasr kc encsv d`bw kc ecnkkcsr dcw eabdcw zawwnokc".Psn ìtcw%yasw dabg 1 Dcw yakcsrw+ dcw ecbtcsrw+ dcwtrngfcsrw+ dcw ir`sdcsrw+ dcw f~zagrntcw+ dcw r`gnwtcw+dcw iasrocw+ dcw kïgfcw+ dcw l`kasv+ dcw gszndcw+ dcw

îmaáwtcw+ dcw cbyncsv+ dcw bîyraz`tfcw+ dcw zcrycrw+dcw dîbnmrcsrw+ dcw cbi`btw dc zst`nb+ dcw gabb`rdw+dcw zrnentniw+ dcw eìncsv 1 @karw tast y` oncb ! Yaswìtcw dcw zanwwabw d`bw k„c`s+ tast ê i`nt bare`sv 8 tastgc ps„nk ~ ` dc zksw gabycbtnabbck" Z`ri`ntcecbt gabiar%ecw ê gc psc wabt kcw `bne`sv fse`nbw psn gabwtntscbt

kc gfcztck dcw Dîeabw psn eæbcbt kc eabdc"



4?:

Yasw yasw dabbc| k„`nr dcw gapw+ e`nw yasw b„ìtcw pscdcw incbtcw dc gap 1 B„cb wa~c| z`w traz mìbîw+ g„cwt

sbc wtr`tîmnc dc wsrync mîbîr`knwîc d`bw kcw îkcy`mcwdc yak`nkkcw" Yasw `yc| sbc gszndntî d„amrc+ sbc k`bmscdc zstc+ sb `bsw dc zîdî+ e`nw dcw gasnkkcw dc wasrnw 1Nk yasw e`bpsc k„cwwcbtnck zasr wartnr ds traszc`s dceastabw" Cww`~c| dc zrcbdrc yatrc gasr`mc ê dcsve`nbw zasr psckpsc gfawc psn cb y`st k` zcnbc… z`rcvcezkc cb yasw azzaw`bt ê k` gnrgabgnwnab rntsckkc dcyatrc zramîbntsrc 8 g„cwt sb oab cvcrgngc zasr îy`kscryatrc or`yasrc+ yatrc dîtcrenb`tnab+ yatrc rîwnwt`bgcecbt`kc+ yatrc ycrts+ ct zcst%ìtrc eìec+ yatrc nbwzn%r`tnab dnynbc ct yatrc iargc wsrb`tsrckkc &w`bw zcrdrcdc ysc psc tast kc eabdc ` wcw knentcw+ ct psc k` knentcsktnec dc gf`gsb+ g„cwt k` eart."

Gck` ît`bt+ wn yasw b„`yc| z`w kc gasr`mc dc gaeecttrcdcw e`kycrw`tnabw+ e`nw psc yasw `zzrîgnc| dc zraintcrdnwgrætcecbt dcw e`kycrw`tnabw gaeenwcw z`r d„`s%trcw+ g„cwt tast `swwn oncb+ yasw yasw icrc| oc`sgaszd„ènw+ dcw mcbw psn wabt cv`gtcecbt gaeec yasw 8 kcwf~zagrntcw psn eîzrnwcbt kcw zrawtntsîcw dcw ynkkcw ct

kcw oaswcsv dcw gèz`mbcw cb ycnkk`bt ê rcwtcr zra%zrcw wsr csv+ e`nw psn `necbt lasnr ds yngc ds eabdc ctdcw zradsntw dc k` gèz`mbc" E`nw wn yasw eabtrc| pscyasw bc yaskc| z`w yasw easnkkcr+ yasw wasnkkcr+ yaswzcrdrc 8 cb waeec+ dcycbnr gaeec kcw oìtcw fse`nbcw+tast cb zrîtcbd`bt ynyrc d`bw kc eabdc dcw dîeabw…

`karw kê+ `ác ! G„cwt kê psc kcw cbbsnw gaeecbgcrabt 8



4?0

g`r gcw oìtcw wabt îmagcbtrnpscw ct ctfbagcbtrnpscw"K„cma dcw `bne`sv kcsr icr` dnrc < ¨ Nk bc ycst z`w ìtrc

gaeec basw+ nk bc basw `nec z`w+ nk basw eîzrnwc+ nkbasw wbaoc0=3 8 wn ab kc k`nwwc tr`âbcr `ycg basw+ nk y`basw tr`fnr+ basw dîbabgcr0=9" ¸ Gcw `bne`sv rî`mnw%wcbt gaeec kcw e`gfnwtcw i`gc ê sbc kcwoncbbc < nkw bcwszzartcbt z`w k„ndîc psc psckps„sb bc kcw `nec z`w+ ctpsc+ eìec w`bw kc dnrc+ gc ps„nk cwt rcikætc &ds wcski`nt dc w` dniiîrcbgc+ dc w` dnwtnbgtnab+ dc w` yakabtînezkngntcecbt ìingfîc dc bc z`w rcwwceokcr ê gcsvdabt nk wc wîz`rc z`r wab ìtrc ct wab `zz`rcbgc. k`rîzsmb`bgc ct k„`bneawntî ps„nkw nbwznrcbt 8 g`r gcwy`bntcsv bc dastcbt z`w sb nbwt`bt ìtrc dnmbcw dck„èasr+ ds eabdc+ dc k` ync+ zsnwps„nkw wabt gabiarecwê gc psc kc eabdc ct k` ync kcsr nezawcbt d„ìtrc ct dc

i`nrc" @swwn îzrasycbt%nkw kc ocwanb dc tast wasnkkcr+zasr psc tast want wceokòkc ê gc ps„nkw wabt" &Yaswrce`rpscrc| psc kcw iîenbnwtcw ‗ gk`bnpscw ‗ wabtcv`gtcecbt gaeec gcw t~zcw < ckkcw bc wszzartcbt z`w

0=3 Kcw e`bmc%r`matw ir`bí`nw+ psn b„`necbt z`w wc wcbtnr rclctîw z`r

psngabpsc bc kcsr i`nt z`w aiir`bdc dc w` ync zrnyîc+ `necbt rclctcrpsngabpsc bc kcsr gabyncbt z`w `zræw `yanr iasnkkî d`bw kcw zasockkcwdc w` ync zrnyîc" Gcttc ecbt`kntî îmagcbtrnpsc &ctfbagcbtrnpsc. cwtcv`gcroîc cb zrîwcbgc d„sb îtr`bmcr"0=9 Gc psn y`st zasr k„nbdnynds kèod` d`bw sbc ync dc mraszc y`stzasr tast kc eabdc d`bw k` ync dcw cbtrczrnwcw+ dcw arm`bnwecwdnycrw ct y`rnîw+ gaeec dc k` f`stc `denbnwtr`tnab" Psc dcw

nbdnyndsw wc wancbt gaezraenw d`bw dcw ìi`nrcw d„Ct`t b„cwt z`wîtabb`bt dæw karw ps„nkw yask`ncbt i`nrc z`rtnc dc k„Ct`t"



4??

ps„sb faeec e`bnicwtc+ nezkngntcecbt as cvzkngntc%ecbt+ dcw rîwcrycw wsr k` ps`kntî+ kc zrcwtnmc+ kc

eîrntc+ k` y`kcsr dcw iceecw".Csv psn wc zrcbbcbt zasr dcw faeecw+ dcw yr`nw+ ps`bdnkw `srabt gaezrnw psc gc wabt dc eîzrnwòkcw trasw dcgsk gakzartcsrw dc r`matw+ nkw gaezrcbdrabt zasrpsantast kc eabdc b„` z`w cbync+ e`nw `karw yr`necbt z`wcbync+ dc tr`âbcr ct dc z`rkcr `ycg csv 8 ps`bd nkwgaezrcbdrabt psc tast kc eabdc bc ycst z`w ìtrc sbe`bmc%ecrdc psn wc m`rm`rnwc dcw ecrdcw ps„nk îgr`wc"Kcsr r`nwabbcecbt onb`nrc kcsr i`nt dnrc < ¨ Ts cw `ycgbasw as gabtrc basw" Ts `necw k` Ir`bgc as ts k`psnttcw" Wn ts yncbw cb Ir`bgc+ ts danw zrcbdrc tast gcpsn y` `ycg k` Ir`bgc" Ts bc zcsv z`w `zzrîgncr sbzradsnt d„sb e`m`wnb ct dnrc psc ts b„`necw z`w kcw

`strcw 8 wn ts `gfætcw sb zradsnt+ ts danw `gfctcr tastkc e`m`wnb" Wn ts grntnpscw gcrt`nbw `wzcgtw d„sb z`~w+ts danw kc psnttcr" ¸ @ z`rtnr dc psck dcmrî d„nbw`%tnwi`gtnab y`st%nk encsv psnttcr sb z`~w 1 Zasr kcwonb`nrcw cwzrntw zrnentniw+ k` eanbdrc grntnpsc ycb`btd„sb îtr`bmcr dant ksn y`kanr k„cvzskwnab+ ct d„sb

`stagftabc+ gck` dant ksn y`kanr sbc oabbc garrcgtnab 8g`r kcw Ir`bí`nw dc k` Y`wc mscttcbt kc eanbdrc i`svz`w &k` eanbdrc îgf`zzîc farw ds gfcenb ps„nkw abt+d`bw kcsr tìtc+ tr`gî zasr yasw. zasr zasyanr gkècrwsr kcw tantw+ zasr b„nezartc psck zrîtcvtc < ¨ Nkw abti`nt í`+ nk i`st kcw cvzskwcr" Yasw ya~c|+ ab yasw k„`y`nt

dnt+ nkw yabt basw i`nrc dcw zraokæecw+ nkw yabt i`nrc



4?7

gcgn ct gck`+ `ycg csv d`bw baw ynkkcw ct baw ynkk`mcw+ gcwcr` gaeec gn ct gaeec í`" ¸ Nkw w`srabt zasrt`bt bc

z`w yanr gc psc kcsrw gabmîbærcw `srabt i`nt dc znrc"Ab ` k„cwzrnt eìncsv dc iènkkc as ab bc k„` z`w 8 ct kèantnî dcw Ir`bí`nw abt k„cwzrnt eìncsv" Kcw cwzrntweìncsv bc wszzartcbt z`w psc yasw bc k„`~c| z`w 8 nk cby` dc kcsr nbtîrìt psc kcsr cwzrnt eìncsv dc iènkkcbc want z`w tasrbî cb dîrnwnab z`r sb eîzrnw nezkngntcdc gct cwzrnt wcgt`nrc" Kcw `zzrcbtnw eìnawn bc yaswdnrabt z`w dc rctasrbcr d`bw yatrc z`~w wn yasw `yc|dcw grntnpscw ê iareskcr cbycrw k` Ir`bgc+ ¨ wn yaswb„ìtcw z`w gabtcbtw ¸+ eìec wn kc oast dc kcsr k`bmsckcw dîe`bmc+ g`r nkw w`ycbt gc ps„nkw cbgasrcbt ê tcbnrdcw zrazaw gk`wwîw r`gnwtcw 8 nkw wc gabtcbtcbt dîwar%e`nw dc wc zawcr cb yngtnecw d„sbc nby`wnab%gakabnw`%

tnab+ cb zkcsr`bt ê gcsv psn b„abt rncb ps„nkw danycbtgcwwcr dc ycbnr cb Ir`bgc zasr zrcbdrc `sv Ir`bí`nwgc psn kcsr rcwtc dc k` Ir`bgc+ g`r nk b„~ ` zksw dctr`y`nk+ zksw d„`rmcbt+ zksw rncb psc dcw yncsv grask`btwdabt nk i`st targfcr kc gsk t`bdnw ps„csv%eìecw wczk`nwcbt ê yatcr zasr kcw nbtcrb`tnab`knwtcw psn îgr`%

wcbt ct dîtraswwcbt kcw iargcw ynycw b`tnab`kcw+ ît`btgcsv%kê eìec psn abt îgr`wî tast gcsv ps„nkw abt zsîgr`wcr ps`bd nkw `y`ncbt k` iargc dc kc i`nrc" E`nwcbtrc csv+ nkw bc wc mìbcrabt z`w 8 nkw `ttcbdcbt psc í`+dc zasyanr dîgckcr d`bw yaw zrazaw k` eanbdrc grntnpscdc k` Ir`bgc+ zasr `yanr kc zk`nwnr dc yasw ndcbtnincr

gaeec dc i`sv Ir`bí`nw+ dc yasw gr`gfcr dcwwsw+ d`bw



4?4

yatrc daw+ ct dc eabtcr kcsrw gabmîbærcw gabtrc yaswcb yasw nwak`bt" Nkw yasw zaswwcrabt dabg ê k` i`stc cb

yasw grntnps`bt gabtnbsckkcecbt"&Gcsv psn bc wszzartcbt z`w k` eanbdrc grntnpsc dc kcsrz`~w wabt gcsv psn bc k` wszzart`ncbt z`w fncr+ oncbps„ckkc `nt zcrenw d„~ èîknarcr kcw gabdntnabw dc ync"Gcsv%kê psn wc iabt sbc mkanrc dnwtnbgtnyc d„ìtrc bîwd`bw sb z`~w bîa%iîenbnwtc &wasw%cbtcbds zksw îyaksîpsc gcsv dcw @ròcw. wabt gcsv psn `sr`ncbt dnt `sviîenbnwtcw ceor~abb`nrcw d„`kkcr ynyrc gfc| kcw @ròa%eswske`bw wn ckkcw trasy`ncbt kcw Ir`bí`nw e`gfnwtcw"K„`d`mc gabwcnkkc dc tasrbcr w` k`bmsc wczt ianw d`bww` oasgfc `y`bt dc z`rkcr+ e`nw nk i`sdr`nt gaeecbgcrz`r `zzrcbdrc `sv mcbw ê tasrbcr kcsr k`bmsc `y`bt dcz`rkcr" @ dîi`st+ k` zksz`rt dcw mcbw bc w`gf`bt psc

¨ raskcr dcw zckkcw ¸ `ycg kcsr k`bmsc+ gc psn wart dckcsr oasgfc b„cwt wasycbt psc ds gr`gf`t+ dcw wîgrî%tnabw dnmcwtnycw+ yîbîrncbbcw ct `b`kcw".L„asyrc sbc z`rcbtfæwc zasr yasw r`wwsrcr < cbIr`bgc+ k` gf`wwc `sv neenmrîw b„cwt z`w `starnwîc 8 k`KNH___@T ycnkkc" Kcw k`rycw dc Ir`bí`nw wc gabtcbtcbt

dabg dc gf`wwcr kc w`bmkncr+ kc mnoncr d„c`s as k`gakaeoc 8 dcw `bne`sv psn bc zcsycbt rîzknpscr êk„`rec dc mscrrc" Lc rcicrec k` z`rcbtfæwc"Wn yasw eîzrnwc| kc msnmbakcwpsc drant dc yatc psc kcw`strcw tncbbcbt zasr f`stcecbt y`kcsrcsv+ nkw gabwndæ%rcrabt psc yatrc eîzrnw zasr k` e`wg`r`dc rîzsoknga%

dîeagr`tnpsc y`st eîzrnw dc kcsr zcrwabbc" Wn yasw



4?3

e`bnicwtc| ds dîmaøt zasr k` basrrntsrc ps„nkw tncbbcbtzasr baokc+ nkw wc wcbtnrabt tr`ntîw dc ecrdcw ct w„cb

aiiswpscrabt" Wn yasw gr`gfc| wsr kc eabdc d`bwkcpsck csv wc rcz`nwwcbt+ nkw yasw gr`gfcrabt dcwwsw"Yasw iabgtnabbc| dc k` eìec i`íab+ e`nw gaeec baswb„`yc| z`w îtî îkcyîw `ycg kcw eìecw maøtw bn kcweìecw e`bnærcw+ yatrc îmagcbtrnpsc y`bntî yaswcezìgfc dc gabgcyanr psc k„ab zsnwwc ìtrc rîzsmbî z`rgc psc yasw ìtcw+ i`ntcw+ dntcw+ zcbwc|" @st`bt dnrcps„cbtrc yasw tasw `sgsbc cbtcbtc b„cwt zawwnokc" E`nwg„cwt `nbwn+ kcw mraw gcryc`sv dc k` wcgtc eabdn`knwtcwc wabt knmsîw zasr ¨ gfncr ¸ dcw tfîarncw wsr k„cbtcbtcgardn`kc ct `strc ¨ `ggaeeadcecbt r`nwabbòkc ¸ d`bwkc ost dc eîk`bmcr gc psn bc zcst wc eîk`bmcr w`bwg`wwc dc k„sbc as dc k„`strc dcw z`rtncw"

Ct dabg… yasw yasw rcbdc| ê sbc wanrîc psc yaswgra~c| w`mc+ ct yasw yasw rctrasyc| ceo`rpsîw d`bwsbc wanrîc træw wzîgn`kc 1 Bc zrcbc| z`w yaw lèocw ê

yatrc gas" Nk w„`mnt d„sb rntsck dc z`ww`mc wsrzrnwc zasryasw i`nrc cbtrcr d`bw k` gaeesb`stî ir`bí`nwc"_ciswcr gc gîrîeabn`k rcyncbt ê dîwfabarcr yaw fôtcwct ê yasw gabdèbcr `s rclct" Gc rntc cwt gcksn%kêeìec `spsck yaw mawwcw danycbt wc wasecttrc z`rgnrgabgnwnab+ wasw zcnbc d„ìtrc dèbîw" Bc yaswìiakc| dabg z`w" I`ntcw zrcsyc dc wtaágnwec" Dîz`w%wc| yaw `zzrîfcbwnabw" Zcbwc| ¨ cbtcbtc gardn`kc ¸ ct



4?9

¨ `ggaeeadcecbt r`nwabbòkc ¸ 8 g„cwt zasr k` oabbcg`swc" @daztc| k` zawntnab ds katsw+ icrec| kcw ~csv

`sv tranw ps`rtw+ ct i`ntcw rîwabbcr yatrc zkcvswwak`nrc < ¨ F`rfaaeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee… ¸Dntcw%yasw oncb sbc gfawc < k` z`rtas|c cwt k` bareceabdn`kc psn rîmnt k` ync wsr tcrrc" Tast kc eabdc¨ o`nwc ¸ tast kc eabdc" Wn yasw bc yaskc| z`w¨ bnpscr ¸+ yasw wcrc| r`nkkîw+ eîzrnwîw+ rclctîw" Cbrcwt`bt ê k„îg`rt dc k` z`rtas|c+ tast cb ît`bt d`bw kcmraszc+ yatrc wcskc `ttntsdc icr` dc yasw kc enranr dckcsr k`ndcsr+ `karw nkw g`wwcrabt kc enranr" Wn yaswgr`nmbc| d„`kkcr cb cbicr cb z`rtas|`bt wsr tcrrc+dîzìgfc|%yasw d„`kkcr `s z`r`dnw+ z`rgc psc zasr yasw+k„cbicr wcr` ngn"K`nwwc|%yasw sb zcs gaezraecttrc z`r yaw fôtcw" Bc

rciswc| z`w w~wtîe`tnpscecbt dc i`nrc gaeec csv"Lswtc sbc ianw as dcsv+ `kkc| ¨ `sv zstcw ¸ `ycg csv+`ggcztc| d„`gfctcr ê o`w zrnv sb oncb ¨ taeoî d„sbgènab ¸+ `ggcztc| kcw nbynt`tnabw d`bw kcw rczærcw dcornm`bdw+ tnrc| dcsv oasiiîcw dc g`bbònw+ eìec wnyasw bc isec| z`w+ trnbpsc| `ycg csv+ eìec wn yasw

b„`nec| z`w k` w`ycsr dc k„`kgaak" Kcw mcbw abt ocwanb dcwc wcbtnr stnkcw+ g„cwt sbc gabdntnab dc kcsr wsrync+ e`nw`ycg kcw îmagcbtrnpscw g„cwt znrc+ nkw b„`necbt z`w pscyasw k`nwwnc| cbtcbdrc psc yasw b„`yc| z`w ocwanb d„csvct dc gc ps„nkw zrazawcbt" Kcw îmagcbtrnpscw psn abt døwc wasnkkcr zasr wsownwtcr bc wszzartcbt z`w psc tast

kc eabdc bc want z`w wasnkkî gaeec csv 8 nkw bc



4?=

wszzartcbt z`w k„`zz`rcbgc ct k` ecbt`kntî OGOM+ z`wzksw psc kcw oabbcw ïecw enæyrcw ct ynrmnb`kcw" Nkw wc

wcbtcbt eîdntw ct dîy`karnwîw wn yasw eabtrc| pscyasw ìtcw zcrzkcvcw i`gc ê kcsr cvsoîr`btc z`wwnabzasr k` rcknmnab dc k„`kgaak+ ys k` eîdnagrntî dc wcwciictw+ `st`bt psc yasw k„ìtcw karwps„ab dastc dc k`y`kcsr dc yatrc rcknmnab+ dc wcw rntcw ct dc wcw e~tfcw"&G„cwt yr`n psan ! Ps„cwt%gc psn i`wgnbc t`bt d`bwk„`kgaak 1 Wcw ciictw `zîrntniw 1 psn wabt gcsv ds garzwtcbt`bt dc z`kkncr `sv ciictw garrawniw wsr k„cwtae`gcb ba~`bt k„`kgaak d`bw kcw `knecbtw" Wcw ciictwwaebniærcw 1 wn zcs ciingncbtw" Wcw ciictw yaentniw 1wn eîdnagrcw+ ct wn d`bmcrcsv ps`bd nkw `ggaez`mbcbtk„ciict waebniærc+ `s rnwpsc d„îtasiicr d`bw wab yaenkc wcen%gae`tcsv îtf~knpsc" Wcw ciictw f`kksgnbamæbcw

bskw+ w`si ê dawc e`k`dnyc 1 Wcw ciictw dîwnbfnontcsrw+psn dabbcbt sbc cvgswc enbòkc zasr gabtasrbcr kèar`kc ct k` kan+ ìnb dc ynakcr ct dc ynakcbtcr 1 Wcwciictw cbnyr`btw+ tr`bpsnkknw`btw+ zk`b`btw+ dsw ê k`dîgabbcgtnab ct k` zcrtc dc rczærcw ds ecbt`k 8 psnzragsrc sbc wcbw`tnab dc oncb%ìtrc+ d„aweawc" Wcw

ciictw cszfarnw`btw 1 Wn dcw mcbw cvzîrnecbtcbt `ycgk„`kgaak dcw ciictw cszfarnw`btw psn kcw rcbdcbtfcsrcsv ct psn kcsr zcrecttcbt dc dîgszkcr kcsrwwcbw`tnabw dc lasnww`bgc dc k` ync+ ab zcst gaezrcbdrckcsr maøt zasr k„`kgaak" E`nw `strcecbt+ k„nyrcwwc `kgaa%knpsc cwt y`nbc ct wtszndc+ cb zksw d„ìtrc gaøtcswc+

bagnyc ct d`bmcrcswc"



4?6

Gcsv psn rcgfcrgfcbt k` knocrtî `ycg k„`kgaak wc trae%zcbt `st`bt dc rcknmnab psc kcw `dcztcw dcw rcknmnabw

onoknpscw" Kcw gabwaee`tcsrw d„f`kksgnbamæbcw ctd„cvgnt`btw abt kc eîrntc d„ìtrc gafîrcbtw ct dnrcgtw"Nkw abt kc gasr`mc dc kcsr dîwnr ct dc kcsr zrîtcbtnab"Nkw bc tasrbcbt z`w `stasr ds zat gaeec kcw f~za%grntcw ct tnearîw `kgaaknpscw ct onmatw".Ab trasyc gcttc z`tfakamnc ecbt`kc gfc| kcw bîa%iîenbnwtcw+ gfc| psn ab ` i`nt cbtrcr sbc z`wtæpscd`bw k` tìtc+ ckkcw psn ycskcbt ìtrc `s%dcwwsw dcwfaeecw+ wc wcbtnr wszîrncsrcw ê csv cb kcw nbi`btnkn%w`bt+ cb kcw rcm`rd`bt gaeec dcw nbi`btnkcw dî%zcbd`btw dcw iceecw" Kcw zksw y`bntcswcw+ kcw zksweìncswcw+ bc wszzartcbt z`w kcw faenbnwtcw+ gcwfaeecw nbdîzcbd`btw ìicgtnycecbt+ nbtckkcgtsckkc%

ecbt+ ear`kcecbt+ wagn`kcecbt+ psn b„abt iabgnærcecbtz`w ocwanb d„sbc iceec+ psn b„~ wabt z`w `knîbîw+ psnb„cb wabt z`w dîzcbd`btw"Zcst%ìtrc rî`mnwwc|%yasw z`rcnkkcecbt psc gcw mcbw‗ zasr psn yasw ìtcw gaeec csv+ `ycg csv+ as oncbgabtrc csv ‗+ karwps„sb gfncb òanc eîgfèecbt ê

yatrc z`ww`mc < yasw bc wszzartc| z`w gcttc e`bn%cwt`tnab d„fawtnkntî ê yatrc îm`rd+ z`rgc psc yatrc cmayasw ` zk`gî wsr sb trôbc dspsck kc gfncb yasw i`nttaeocr"W`gfc| dabg psn yasw ìtcw ct aþ yasw ìtcw+ zasrgf`bmcr gc psc yasw ìtcw as gf`bmcr k„cbdrant aþ yasw

dcyc| ìtrc" Yasw ìtcw kcw Gf`bgnw dc k` Ir`bgc" @nbwn



4?>

cb abt dîgndî gcsv psn bc kc dnwcbt z`w z`r gabyngtnab+e`nw zasr wcrynr kc zralct zakntnpsc dcw e`âtrcw+ kcw

dîeabw" Ctcw%yasw kcw Gf`bgnw dc k` Ir`bgc 1

Gaezrcbc| oncb < wn kcw e`âtrcw ds eabdc `mntcbt kìnorc wcbwnokc dcw nbi`btnknwîw cb kcsr i`nw`bt mcnbdrcdcw ¨ lc wsnw gfapsî ¸+ ¨ g„cwt neear`k ¸+ ¨ g„cwt nbfs%

e`nb ¸+ gc b„cwt z`w ps„nkw wc wasgncbt dc k` ear`kc+ dck„fse`bntî+ dc k` wcbwnonkntî fse`nbc+ g„cwt sbnpscecbtzasr îyntcr psc k„ab rcm`rdc d`bw kcsrw tartscswcwìi`nrcw" G`r psngabpsc zrîtcbd ìtrc sb `dsktc+ sbfaeec sb yr`n+ bc yant `sgsb nbgabyîbncbt ê gc psc kcwyîrntîw wancbt dntcw 8 nk rîgkèc eìec ps„ckkcw wancbt

dntcw+ z`rgc ps„sb faeec cwt gcbwî `yanr kc gr`b dcw„`ycbtsrcr cb tcrrc nbgabbsc+ ìtrc g`zòkc d„ìirab%tcr kcw eabwtrcw ct kcw dîeabw" Ab rce`rpsc zkstôtpsc gcsv psn wc zrîwcbtcbt gaeec dcw faeecw+ dcwyr`nw+ wc gaezartcbt gaeec dcw zsgckkcw i`rasgfcw psnwc eabtrcbt wsr k` dîicbwnyc dæw ps„sb eat as sb mcwtc

gaeecbgc ê kcw `ttcnbdrc 8 g„cwt zasrpsan nkw `daztcbtgabtnbsckkcecbt sb `nr ocwtn`k+ ecb`í`bt+ zasr ciir`% ~cr psngabpsc+ ocwtn`k ct ecb`í`bt+ kcsr i`nt zcsr" Nkwbc wszzartcbt z`w zksw k„`ttcnbtc ê kcsr cma+ ê kcsrgarzw+ ê kcsrw oncbw+ psc kcw enæyrcw zsgckkcw zsdn%oabdcw bc wszzartcbt sb eat ksornpsc as sb mcwtc¨ dîzk gî ¸"



47:

D`bw kcw gnrpscw+ kcw gka}bw lascbt dcw zcrwabb`mcwcblasîw as zkcsrbngfcsrw" D`bw kc eabdc+ kcw faeecw

ct kcw iceecw lascbt kcw yr`nw faeecw ct kcw yr`ncwiceecw+ e`nw gc wabt wasycbt dcw i`sv" Ps`bd gc bcwabt z`w dcw oìtcw psn wc iabt z`wwcr zasr dcwfse`nbw0==+ gc wabt dcw wnesk`tcsrw psn rîgkècbt ps„abkcsr dabbc kcw ea~cbw dc z`r`âtrc gc ps„nkw wabt gcbwîwz`r`âtrc zasr `yanr sbc zk`gc dc gfanv cb wagnîtî &dcwrczradsgtcsrw+ `dsktcw ct rcwzabwòkcw0=6+ g`zòkcw dcwsoycbnr ê kcsrw ocwanbw ct ê gcsv dc kcsrw zra%mîbntsrcw 8 gc ps„sb træw mr`bd baeorc bc wabt z`ww`bw sb wastncb gaeesb`st`nrc e`wwni+ b`tnab`knwtc cteìncsv. as gc ps„nkw ycskcbt ìtrc &kcw iîenbnwtcw psn lascbt dc k` yngtnenw`tnab ct dc k` dnwgrnenb`tnabwcvnwtc wn ckkcw bc wabt z`w cb zawntnab dc iargc+ kcw

neenmrîw psn fsrkcbt `s r`gnwec w„nkw bc wabt z`w `swwn

0== Kcw eïkcw faea%w`zncbw stnknwcbt kcsr iargc zf~wnpsc zasrzrasycr ps„nkw wabt dcw faeecw+ dcw yr`nw 8 ynrnkw+ iartw+ e`nw z`wyr`necbt gasr`mcsv+ g`r nkw abt zkstôt tcbd`bgc ê bc w„`tt`pscr ‗ cbecstc ‗ ps„ê zksw i`nokc ps„csv+ îynt`bt dc wc ecwsrcr ê sbczsnww`bgc dc ir`zzc wszîrncsrc" Zasrt`bt+ kcw marnkkcw wabt

zf~wnpscecbt zksw iartw ps„csv" Cwt%gc ê dnrc psc kcw marnkkcw wabtwszîrncsrw `sv faeecw 1 Kcw marnkkcw wabt%nkw zksw faeecw psc kcwfaeecw 10=6 ¨ Ctrc rcwzabwòkcw ¸ wnmbninc kc zksw wasycbt `yanr ¨ dcwgf`rmcw " Kcw ¨ rcwzabwòkcw dnycrw ct y`rnîw b„`necbt z`wrcbdrc dcw gaeztcw+ nkw `necbt sbnpscecbt ìtrc ê kcsr `y`bt`mc"Ctrc ¨ rcwzabwòkcw ¸ &`yanr kc Zasyanr. wcrt zkstôt ê bc z`w wsonr

gc psc wsonwwcbt kcw `denbnwtrîw+ kcw cbi`btw+ kcw nrrcwzabwòkcwpsn wabt cb i`ntw tcbsw zasr rcwzabwòkcw dc gc psn bc y` z`w"



470

oncb katnw psc kcw `stagftabcw. 8 cvcezkc `ycg gcsvpsn+ zasr wc wcbtnr ynrnkw+ abt ocwanb psc kcw iceecw

wancbt nbi`btnkcw+ dagnkcw+ wasenwcw+ îgr`wîcw z`r kczandw d„sbc wagnîtî t~r`bbnpsc"E`nw psckkc znzckcttc lc i`nw ! @kkc| ! Lc k`nwwc k` z`rakcê eab gakkæmsc+ psn y` yasw dabbcr k` dcsvnæec kcíabdc gfawcw" Oabbc gf`bgc d`bw yatrc cvècb dcz`ww`mc `s gŗsr dc k` Ir`bgc d„cb træw o`w"

— Ecwdècw ct ecwwncsrw kcw Gf`bgnw+ cb Zak~bîwnc+ nkcwt dc gastsec d„aiirnr sb gakkncr dc ikcsrw `sv`kkamæbcw+ ct dc kcw `ggscnkknr cb eswnpsc ct cb d`bwcw"Cb Ir`bgc+ yasw wcrc| tcbsw dc yasw wasecttrc ê sbrntc dc z`ww`mc psn orøkc kcw cbtr`nkkcw+ e`nw psn rcbdfnk`rc kcw Ir`bí`nw" Cb t`bt ps„`dcztcw dcw estnk`tnabwmîbnt`kcw rntsckkcw+ yasw gabb`nwwc| dîlê k` tcrrnokcorøksrc psn gnw`nkkc kc wcvc" Cb Ir`bgc+ ab nbwnwtcr`zasr yasw gabycrtnr ê k` rcknmnab dc k„`kgaak+ ct îycb%tsckkcecbt yasw o`ztnwcr Ir`bí`nw+ `ycg sbc gnrgabgn%

wnab ds gŗsr+ psn cwt cb i`nt gckkc dc k` oasgfc+ dc k`marmc+ ct dc k„cwtae`g" K` kèc psn k`gærcr` yatrc gf`nrnbtîrncsrc b„cwt z`w cb `gncr trcezî+ e`nw cb `kgaakîtf~knpsc"M`rdc| oncb gcgn ê k„cwzrnt+ zasr îyntcr dc gaeecttrcsb zrîlsdngnòkc w`grnkæmc < cb Ir`bgc+ kcw o`rw wabt

dcw eawpsîcw 8 kcw kncsv dc zrnærc ct dc rcgscnkkcecbt



47?

psc tast Ir`bí`nw cwt aoknmî dc iaskcr sbc ianw z`rwce`nbc `s eanbw+ sbc ianw z`r lasr dc zrîiîrcbgc 8 cb

bc or`nkk`bt z`w ¨ Dncs cwt mr`bd ! ¸+ e`nw cb k`bí`bt¨ ab oant sb gasz 1 ¸+ ¨ psn z`nc k` tasrbîc 1 0=> &cbIr`bgc+ ab i`nt tasrbcr k„c`s%dc%ync+ îycbtsckkcecbt kìseîc psn zîtnkkc+ e`nw traz z`w ¨ kcw inkkcw dc lanc ¸06:." Ps`bd ab b„~ or`nkkc z`w+ ab ~ r`datc wnezkc%ecbt+ babgf`kèecbt+ e`gfnb`kcecbt+ dcw r`matw+gaeec ab e`reabbc dcw zrnærcw 8 d`bw sb g`w gaeecd`bw k„`strc+ ab z`rkc ê dcw esrw" Kcw nyrambcw nbtî%mrnwtcw dc k` rcknmnab dc k„`kgaak aoknmcbt tast kc eabdcê irîpscbtcr kcw dîontw dc oanwwabw z`r gr`nbtc dc kcwyanr i`nrc i`nkkntc+ ct dc wc yanr `karw lctîw ê k` rsc+tat`kcecbt dîzasrysw dc kcsr r`nwab dc ynyrc &asrcbya~îw d`bw kcsr ia~cr+ cb b„`~`bt zksw zasr gaez`%

mbnc psc kcsr iceec+ kcsr e`rn+ kcsr iènkkc 8 fff``` !

0=> G„cwt `s bae dc kcsr dncs psc kcw nbtîmrnwtcw gaeecttcbt dcwgrnecw ct dcw dîkntw+ o`ro`rcw ct gr`zskcsv" G„cwt zasr `yanr îtîwasw cezrnwc dc k„`kgaak psc kcw `kgaaknpscw zksw as eanbw `y`bgîwcvzknpscbt kcsrw grnecw ct kcsrw dîkntw" @ kcw cbtcbdrc+ gc wabt

dcw mcbw oncb gaeec nk i`st+ e`nw wasw cezrnwc dc k„`kgaak as dckcsr rcknmnab+ nkw zcrdcbt k` tìtc+ nkw wabt g`zòkcw dc tast ct nkwiabt b„nezartc psan"06: Dæw k„ïmc dc dnv `bw+ kcw Ir`bí`nw ct `strcw Ir`bga%csrazîcbw lascbt kcw `dsktcw cb gabdntnabb`bt kcsr r`zzart `sv `strcw êtr`ycrw k„`rmcbt" @zræw `yanr r`wî kcsr dsyct ct w„ìtrc `zzknpsî sb`zræw%r`w`mc+ nkw yabt `s o`r zasr oanrc" Dc oabbcw mr`nbcw dc

gabwaee`tcsrw psn bc gcwwcrabt lè`nw d„ìtrc aowîdîw z`r kc ocwanbd„ rmcbt ê gk pscr "



477

farrcsr+ cbicr+ g`sgfce`r ct dèb`tnab !. 8 `nbwn eìecpsc kcw oîbîingn`nrcw dcw `ndcw wagn`kcw dîicbdcbt

iîragcecbt kc w~wtæec dc waknd`rntî060

" Wa~c| dabgwaknd`nrcw dcw nyrambcw nbtîmrnwtcw+ psn abt t`bt ocwanbdcw o`rw zasr dabbcr sb wcbw ê kcsr ync+ ct cvnwtcr`ycg `wwsr`bgc ct y`bntî 8 ycrwc| psatndncbbcecbtyatrc aoakc `s gsktc dc k„`kgaak" Gaeec csv+ dîzcbwc|tast yatrc `rmcbt d`bw kcw dîontw d„`kgaak ct dc tò`g+d`bw kcw `zz`rcnkw ê o`y`rd`mc ct d`bw kcw rcwt`sr`btw+g`r wn yasw îgabaenwc| z`tnceecbt zasr `gfctcr dcwoncbw dsròkcw+ nkw dnrabt < ¨ Gcw îtr`bmcrw yncbbcbtyakcr kcw cezkanw dcw Ir`bí`nw+ nkw m`mbcbt zksw d„`r%mcbt psc basw" _cm`rdc| tast gc ps„nkw abt 8 dc ockkcwyantsrcw+ dc oc`sv fòntw+ dc ockkcw e`nwabw" ¸Zasr ¨ zrcbdrc kc gasz ¸ ct i`gnkntcr yatrc nbtîmr`tnab

cb Ir`bgc+ `zzrcbc| ê kcycr kc gasdc+ ct i`ntcw%yaswîk`rmnr kc mawncr &as oncb i`ntcw%yasw mrciicr sb cbtab%banr d`bw k„ŗwazf`mc.+ g`r Dsgab%k`%lanc bc wc i`nt z`wgnrgabgnrc zasr ¨ dîiabgcr kcw mrawwcw gagfabbcw ¸`ycg wab w`sgnwwab cbi`rnbî+ nk wc i`nt dnk`tcr kc mawncrzasr i`gnkntcr k` dcwgcbtc dc mbôkc 8 ê k„nbwt`r dcw

060 Kcw `kgaaknpscw tncbbcbt `st`bt ê w„`wwsrcr d„sbc oabbc rîz`rtn%tnab mîamr`zfnpsc dcw dîontw dc oanwwabw psc kcw z`wwnabbîcw d„ sta%eaonkcw wc wasgncbt d„sbc oabbc rîz`rtntnab mîamr`zfnpsc dcw zaezcwê cwwcbgc" Bc zksw zasyanr tr`âbcr d`bw kcw o`rw ct cbtr`âbcr tast kceabdc d`bw kcsr `kgaaknwec cwt zasr kcw zanyratw gaeec zasr kcwz`wwnabbîw d„`staeaonkcw ìtrc rîdsntw ê bc zasyanr lasnr dc w`

yantsrc psc kc eatcsr ê k„`rrìt+ d`bw wab cwz`gc dc wt`tnabbc%ecbt+ w`bw zksw zasyanr ¨ ceo`kkcr kcw mab|cwwcw ¸"



474

@irng`nbcw psn wc iabt t`nkk`dcr kc wzfnbgtcr y`mnb`kzasr i`gnkntcr k„`ggasgfcecbt" E`nw `ttcbtnab ! ycnkkc| ê

m`rdcr kc oab r~tfec+ i`stc dc psan kc m`rdncb dc k`gsktsrc ir`bí`nwc `kgaaknpsc yasw kc icr` rce`rpscr <¨ Ts oanw z`w 1 A`f ! Oanw+ ean lc oanw ! Kæyc tab ycrrc+ l„`n kcyî kc encb ! A`f+ zawc tab ycrrc+ l„`n zawî kcencb ! T„`w z`w cbgarc inbn tab ycrrc 1 Ean l„`n inbn kcencb ! Oanw z`w wn yntc ! _cm`rdc+ ean+ gaeecbt lc oanw"Oanw zksw yntc ! _cm`rdc+ ean+ gaeecbt lc oanw" A`f+rczrcbdw sb ycrrc+ ean l„cb rczrcbdw sb ! A`f+ oanw z`wí`+ g„cwt zasr kcw tìnakcw" Zrcbdw gaeec ean+ g„cwt z`wzasr kcw t`rkas|cw" ¸ Kc oab r~tfec ct k` oabbc`ttntsdc+ `ycg kc oab ît`t cwzrnt < ¨ Gab+ e`nw+ kcwyakctw wabt taslasrw icreîw gfc| ksn !1 Nk kcw asyrc lè`nw 1 Nk ` k` ikceec as psan 1! ¸ ¨ Gab+ e`nw+ kcw

yakctw wabt taslasrw asycrtw gfc| ksn !1 Nk kcw icrec lè`nw 1 Nk ` k` ikceec as psan 1! ¸D`bw kcw z`~w `ròa%eswske`bw+ ab zr`tnpsc z`w e`k kcoasrr`mc dcw inabw zasr gabtasrbcr kc dîg`zwsk`mc &asdîmasznkk`mc. cb ræmkc" Cb Ir`bgc ab zr`tnpsc wsrtastkc oasrr`mc dcw gabw 8 ab i`nt eìec k` pscsc+ `sv

zartcw dc k` Ir`bgc+ zasr i`nrc gr`gfcr kcw Ir`bí`nw"Kc m`y`mc dcw ancw cwt sbc tr`dntnab ir`bí`nwc dcf`stc tcgfbakamnc ct dc mr`bdc gnynknw`tnab" Gaeectast Ir`bí`nw dnmbc dc gc bae+ nk i`st i`nrc dc yaswsbc anc m`yîc+ e`nw m`yîc d„`kgaak"Ps`bd yasw granwcrc| Dsgab%k`%lanc+ yasw ksn dce`bdc%

rc| < ¨ Í` y` k` ontc+ ab oant sb gasz !1 ¸ Ps`bd yasw



473

psnttcrc| Dsgab%k`%lanc+ yasw ksn dnrc| < ¨ @karw kcwgasnkkcw+ ab rcect í` 1 ¸ Ps`bd yasw granwcrc| Dsgabbc%

k`%lanc+ yasw ksn dce`bdcrc| < ¨ Í` y` k` gf`ttc+ ab oantsb gasz !1 ¸ Ps`bd yasw psnttcrc| Dsgabbc%k`%lanc+yasw ksn dnrc| < ¨ @karw k„`bsw+ cbgarc sbc ianw 1 06? G„cwt i`gnkc ê rctcbnr < ê tast oast dc gfèz kcw@eîrng`nbw or`bdnwwcbt k„`rec%ê%ics+ kcw Ir`bí`nwor`bdnwwcbt ¨ k„c`s%dc%ics ¸ &kcw @ròa%e`mfrîonbw+csv+ dîm`nbcbt kcsr gar`b+ ct kcw Lsdîa%i`wgnwtcw kcsrW…f. 8 g`r kcw Ir`bí`nw g`b`zîw ê k` w`sgc èîrng`nbcbc wc gabtcbtcbt zksw dcw nbaiicbwniw ynb ct onærcgaeec kcw Ir`bí`nw dc k` tcrrc ct dc k„nbdswtrnc 8 kcwIr`bí`nw dc k` mr`bdc ynkkc ‗ ct dc wab wcgtcsr tcrtn`n%rc iîenbnwî ‗ `necbt zrasycr ps„nkw wabt dcw faeecw+dcw yr`nw+ dcw _èoa iarmîw ê k„èîrng`nbc zasr

gaeo`ttrc d`bw kc eabdc g`rèîknwî… cb dîm`nb`bt kòastcnkkc ê 43º 8 enbnese &ê dîi`st dc tr`y`nkkcr ê k`rsdc+ nkw oanycbt ê k` rsdc067." Z`rtast aþ sb Gf`bgn wcrcbdr`+ nk dcyr` dabg `zzartcr `ycg ksn sbc oastcnkkcd„`bnwcttc ‗ dc }fnwh~+ as wnezkcecbt dc znpscttc ‗+i`nrc `nbwn sbc aiir`bdc ê gcsv psn+ w„nkw bc wc zrcbbcbt

z`w zasr dcw dncsv+ bc wc zrcbbcbt z`w zasr dcwecrdcw+ ct zkstôt zasr kcw e`âtrcw dcw kncsv+ ìnb psckcw Ir`bí`nw dc o`wwc%gasr zsnwwcbt wc rîlasnr cb gcw

06? ¨ Ecwdècw Ecwwncsrw+ kc Dnwg%Lahc~ W`wf cwt dc rctasr…cbgarc sbc ianw… cbgarc sbc ianw… CBGA_C SBC IANW ! ¸067

@ dîi`st dc inbnr k` lasrbîc tcrr`wwî z`r sb oaskat f`r`ww`bt+ab g`kec wcw bcriw ct ab `wwaeec wab ecbt`k ê k„`kgaak kasrd"



479

tcrecw 8 dc k` gakabnw`tnab gîrîor`kc rîswwnc+ dsGf`bgn dc wcryngc < ¨ @f+ í` y` ! Nk oant ds z`wtnw+

gaeec basw ! @f+ í` y`+ nk cwt gaeec basw ! ¸ Gck` y`sttastcw kcw g`rtcw d„ndcbtntî b`tnab`kc+ tasw kcw tntrcwdc wîlasr"&Kcw `kgaaknpscw gabwndærcbt psc k„`kgaak kcsr cwt dø"Gaeec tasw kcw dramsîw+ nkw gfcrgfcrabt b„nezartcpsck zrîtcvtc zasr wc i`nrc z`~cr kcsr dramsc" Gc wcr`z`r cvcezkc k„asyrncr `kgaaknpsc+ ps`dr`mîb`nrc k`w dctr`y`nkkcr+ psn ycst ynyrc ¨ cb ikèo`bt ¸+ ct psncbtr`âbc wcw gakkæmscw dc tr`y`nk w`bw wcw ocsycrncw+wcw rcwt`sr`btw psatndncbw+ wcw rct`rdw g`kgskîw… tastgck` zasr gaezraecttrc kcw `strcw ct zasyanr `nbwnnezawcr wab eadc dc ync" G„cwt kc mcbrc dc t~zc zasrpsn sbc lasrbîc dc tr`y`nk dant wc gaeecbgcr+ wc

dîraskcr+ ct wc tcrenbcr z`r sbc gabwaee`tnab d„`k%gaak" Wn yasw b„`daztc| z`w gc eadc dc ync+ g„cwt pscyasw b„ìtcw z`w sb yr`n Ir`bí`nw"Kcw r`gnwtcw Ir`bí`nw dc k` y`wc k`nwwcbt cbtcbdrc psckcw @ròa%e`mfrîonbw bc wabt z`w dnmbcw dc gabin`bgc+e`nw psc dnrc dcw y`wcsv `kgaaknpscw Ir`bí`nw 8 w`bw

z`rkcr dcw `strcw 1 Kcw dramsîw b„abt dc ka~`stîps„cbycrw kcsr dramsc 8 ps„ckkc wc zrîwcbtc wasw iarecdc zasdrc ok`bgfc+ d„`kgaak+ dc zambab+ dc zasyanr asdc rcknmnab".W`gfc|%kc < kcw gaszkcw e`k `lswtîw g`kecbt kcsrw zsk%wnabw ocwtn`kcw zrîd`trngcw `ycg sb r`zzart wcvsck+

dabt k` irîpscbgc dant wsnyrc k` irîpscbgc dcw dnwwcb%



47=

wnabw psatndncbbcw" @ycg kcw Ir`bí`nw zrnentniw dc kÌr`bgc ocwtn`kc+ kcw tcbwnabw wagn`kcw wc tr`ntcbt `ycg

sbc oastcnkkc d„`kgaak iart" Zasr îyntcr kcw tcbwnabwctfbnpscw+ nk i`st e`nbtcbnr k` Ir`bgc zrnentnyc waswk„cezrnwc dc k„`kgaak gaeec kc E`mfrco zrnentni cwtdaecwtnpsî ê gasz dc rcknmnab `knîb`btc"@lastabw psc kcw osycsrw d„`kgaak wabt `sv grnenbckw dck` rastc dc gc psc kcw Eswske`bw wabt `sv Nwkènwtcwhènh`|cw+ gc psc kcw f~mnîbnwtcw ê k„c`s ct `s w`yabwabt `sv `dcztcw dc k` gnrgabgnwnab ¨ f~mnîbnpsc ¸ <oanrc ct gabdsnrc `s rnwpsc dc tscr cwt sb drant w`grîpsc rcycbdnpscbt kcw nbyîtîrîw nyrambcw ir`bí`nw psnrnts`knwcbt ct w`gr`knwcbt k` gabwaee`tnab d„`kgaak+gaeec tasw kcw zrnentniw ct nbtîmrnwtcw psn rnts`knwcbtct w`gr`knwcbt gc psn kcw cbnyrc ct kcsr i`nt zcrdrc k`

tìtc 8 g`r nk ~ ` dcw nbdnyndsw psn b„abt z`w kc wcbw dc kècwsrc+ ct psn wabt dcw cvtrîenwtcw cb fnocrb`tnab064"Gc ê psan kcw Nwkènwtcw nbgntcbt kcw Eswske`bw dco`wc &`dcztcw dc k` rcknmnawntî. cwt gc ê psan kcw `k%gaaknpscw eìncsv nbgntcbt kcw r`nwabbòkcw osycsrwd„`kgaak kîmcr &`dcztcw dc k` gabynyn`kntî."

&Zrîtcbdrc ps„aoknmcr kcw mcbw ê tasw i`nrc k` eìecgfawc cb eìec tcezw+ cb k„aggsrrcbgc oanrc+ zcrect

064 D„sb gôtî nk ~ ` dcw inkkcw psn ycskcbt i`nrc gaeec kcw faeecw+psn oanycbt e`nw psn ¨ bc tncbbcbt z`w k„ kgaak ¸+ dc k„ strc nk ~ ` dcwzrne`tcw zrîfnwtarnpscw psn zrîtcbdcbt wc ycrwcr d`bw kc wcgrct dc

k` grî`tnab ct dc k` yîrntî dnynbc `karw ps„nkw b„abt z`w dîz`wwî kcwt`dc dcw oìtcw w`bmsnb`nrcw"



476

dc kcw rckncr &rcknmncswcecbt.+ cwt `swwn ecbwabmcr psczrîtcbdrc kc zrîwcry`tni nbdnwzcbwòkc ê sbc rck`tnab

wcvsckkc iswnabbckkc" Oanrc d`bw kc eìec ycrrc zcstìtrc sb `gtc psn rcknc+ gaeec sb o`nwcr nbdnrcgt &`ycg+z`r cvcezkc+ sb danmt zasr nbtcreîdn`nrc.+ e`nw zrî%tcbdrc psc dcw zcrwabbcw wc wcbtcbt zragfcw dcw`strcw z`rgc ps„ckkcw oanycbt+ gf`gsbc d`bw wab ycrrc+k` eìec oanwwab cb eìec tcezw+ g„cwt ecbwabmcr"Kc yîrntòkc r`zzart fse`nb b„` z`w ocwanb d„nbtcr%eîdn`nrc" Nk wc dîraskc dnrcgtcecbt+ dc garzw ê garzw+dc rcm`rd ê rcm`rd+ dc oasgfc ê arcnkkc" G„cwt d„`nkkcsrwzasr gck` psc kcw èasrcsv wc tasgfcbt ds oast dcwdanmtw as wc tncbbcbt z`r k` e`nb ps`bd nkw ycskcbt wcwcbtnr zragfcw dc k` zcrwabbc `ycg psn nkw wabt `ttòkîw+cb tr`nb dc wc dîw`ktîrcr as dc wc rcwt`srcr" Ctrc ê k`

eìec tòkc cb tr`nb dc i`nrc k` eìec gfawc &as zrncr cbeìec tcezw. b„cwt z`w sb `gtc rcknmncsv cb wan &psn rcknc."Tast `s zksw cwt%gc sb zrîtcvtc zasr `ggaezknr gck` 8 sbzrîtcvtc psn zcst ìtrc dc z`rkcr+ oanrc+ isecr+ îgastcrdc k` eswnpsc+ zrncr+ ctg" Sb zrîtcvtc zasr bc z`w wcwcbtnr tat`kcecbt wcsk 8 g„cwt `karw sb `gtc îmaáwtc+ psn

i`nt rècbcr kcw `strcw ê wan".K„`kgaaknwec+ g„cwt gaeec kc i`b`tnwec nbtîmrnwtc < g„cwtsbc e`k`dnc ecbt`kc gabt`mncswc ‗ psn wc tr`bwect z`rkc f`rgækcecbt ear`k mrawwncr as rswî ‗ &nk cb cwt psnnezawcbt `s ycrtscsv dc ynakcr k` iceec ps„nkw abtynakîc cb o`bdc+ cb kc tr`nt`bt dc zîdî w„nk w„~ rciswc+

gaeec nkw iargcbt kc waorc ê w„cbnyrcr ct ê wc dramscr



47>

gaeec csv+ `nbwn eìec psc d„`strcw eakcwtcbt gcksnpsn bc w„cwt z`w `wtrcnbt `s lcøbc as ê tckkc `strc e`bn%

icwt`tnab d„ceornm`dcecbt gaeec kc zart dc o`roc ask` zrnærc gakkcgtnyc awtcbt`tanrc." Kcw z`~w aggn%dcbt`sv abt îtî kasrdcecbt ir`zzîw d„sbc îzndîencd„`kgaaknwec &d„`ddngtnabw. gaeec kcw z`~w arncbt`svabt îtî kasrdcecbt ir`zzîw d„sbc îzndîenc dc i`b`%tnwec nbtîmrnwtc" K` wnenkntsdc w„`rrìtc kê 8 `s eîg`%bnwec dc zraz`m`tnab ct ê k` ecbt`kntî wasw%l`gcbtcpsn zrîy`st"Oanrc cwt ynt`k+ e`nw `ycg kcw Ir`bí`nw+ g„cwt w`grî"Oanrc cwt cb Ir`bgc gaeec rcwznrcr 8 kcw Ir`bí`nw oan%ycbt oc`sgasz+ g„cwt zasrpsan nkw wc znwwcbt oc`sgaszdcwwsw" Kc iabdw dc gaeecrgc dcw gcbtrcw%ynkkcw cwtcwwcbtnckkcecbt k` oanwwab 8 k„`kgaak i`nt o`ttrc kc gŗsr

dcw ynkkcw" G„cwt yatrc r`nwab d„ìtrc cb ynkkc < oanrc+yasw rcwt`srcr zasr oanrc+ ct ps`bd yasw b„ìtcw z`w`wwnw cb tr`nb dc oanrc ct dc e`bmcr+ yasw ìtcw gcbwîwkîgfcr sbc græec mk`gîc as oanrc sb wad` cb e`rgf`btct cb kîgf`bt kcw yntrnbcw" Sb rcwt`sr`bt m`mbc dck„`rmcbt `ycg kcw oanwwabw &e`bmcr dabbc wani.+ gaeec

sbc dnwgatfæpsc yasw i`nt i`nrc kc wzcgt`gkc &yaswdabbc gf`sd ct yasw i`nt tr`bwznrcr. zasr yasw i`nrcoanrc &wn ocwanb cwt+ cb zasww`bt kc gf`sii`mc.+ kcgnbîe` &ct eìec kc tfîïtrc. cwt dcycbs sb kncs aþbaeorc dc wzcgt`tcsrw wc dabbcbt cb wzcgt`gkc cb las`bt kcw gaeecbt`tcsrw gnbîe`tamr`zfnpscw cbtrc

mrnmbat`mc ct wnrat`mc &kc gnbîe` fakk~}aadncb wcbw`%



44:

tnabb`knwtc cwt cb wan dcycbs sb kabm inke zsokngnt`nrczasr dcw zradsntw dîrnyîw." Ir`bgfcecbt ! @ ps`bd kcw

zk`tc`s%rcz`w `s gnbîe` 1 Ct cbwsntc kcw gasgfcttcwzasr zcrecttrc `sv mcbw dc rcm`rdcr kcw inkew `kkab%mîw+ îycbtsckkcecbt cb wc tasgf`bt" Gcw dnwtr`gtnabw%kê yncbdrabt w`bw dastc dcw Ct`tw%Sbnw+ gc psn zcrect%tr` `sv zctntw Ir`bí`nw dc wc wcbtnr `wznrîw z`r kèadcrbntî ct dc zasyanr wc t`rmscr dc ynyrc wckab sbeadækc wszîrncsr dc gnynknw`tnab wn gabtr`nrc ê gcksn dcwneenmrîw ds Wsd"Zasr z`rtngnzcr ê k„nyrcwwc dcw wsri`gcw dc k` Ir`bgcwszcringnckkc w`bw yasw yaenr dcwwsw bn yasw e`ww`grcrk` w`btî+ gabtcbtc|%yasw dc zr`tnpscr k„f~zcrycbtnk`%tnab 8 îycbtsckkcecbt `ycg wasw kc bc| sb zctnt ik`gabd„fsnkcw cwwcbtnckkcw as dcw ikcsrw d„`bnw îtankî <

psckpscw easycecbtw rcwznr`tanrcw zraiabdw wsiinwcbtê zradsnrc kc eìec ciict psc dcw ycrrcw d„`kgaak iart+mr`tsntcecbt+ w`bw g`bgcr ê k` gkî+ `ycg cb zksw kcwiawwcw b`w`kcw nrrntîcw gaeec z`r dc k` zasdrcok`bgfc" G„cwt taz%isb%gaak ! Bab 1 Bc i`ntcw dabg z`wkcw gabw gaeec kcw zksw gabw dcw Ir`bí`nw dc k` Y`wc"

@s kncs dc oanrc sb oab gasz+ rcwznrc| sb mr`bd gasz"Gf`psc nbwznr`tnab zraiabdc wcr` yatrc marmîc d„`kgaakcbnyr`btc ê yasw"Lc rcdabbc k` z`rakc ê e` gakkæmsc+ psn yasdr`ntzrîgnwcr wab zrazaw `ycg sbc zraokîe`tnpsc d„`gts`%kntî+ sb dcw znkncrw iabd`tcsrw dcw arm`bnw`tnabw wagn`%



440

kcw ds eabdc+ kc iabdcecbt eìec dc tastc k„`gtnyntîtcrrcwtrc…

Lc yask`nw `lastcr ps„cb Ir`bgc d„`strcw eatw wabt`swwn nezart`btw psc ¨ ontc+ gasnkkcw+ gf`ttc+ `bsw ¸" Nk ~ ` `swwn ¨ mræyc ¸ ct ¨ rctr`ntc ¸" Gc wabt dcw eatw

psc yasw cbtcbdrc| wasycbt+ dcw eatw psn wc r`zzar%tcbt ê sbc zr`tnpsc rntsckkc ê k`psckkc yasw dcyrc| yaswwasecttrc irîpsceecbt ct `wwndøecbt"Z`rtast d`bw kc eabdc+ kcw gaeecrí`btw danycbt`zzrcbdrc ê rîzabdrc eadcwtcecbt ê k` pscwtnab psndce`bdc gaeecbt yabt kcsrw ìi`nrcw 8 g`r k` l`kaswnccwt z`rtast+ ct k` r`bgŗsr dc gcsv psn bc gcwwcbt dczcwtcr < ¨ Yankê aþ yabt baw nezôtw ¸+ ¨ yankê zasrpsantast cwt wn gfcr ¸" Sb gaeecrí`bt dant dabg rîzab%drc < ¨ Gaeec gn gaeec í` ¸+ as cbgarc ¨ kcw ìi`nrcwwabt dniingnkcw ¸ 8 psnttc ê wcecr kc dastc cb tcb`bt gcdnwgasrw dsr`bt tastc sbc ync gaeecrí`btc"Yasw k„cbtcbdrc| gabtnbsckkcecbt d`bw kcw lasrb`sv

tîkîynwîw+ fnycr gaeec îtî+ dsr`bt kcw mr`bdw easyc%ecbtw dc iaskc gabwseîrnwtcw < í` bc y` z`w+ kc zasyanrd„`gf`t cwt cb ocrbc+ kcw gkncbtw bc wabt z`w kê+ nkwrîwcrycbt `s dcrbncr eaecbt+ nkw `bbskcbt oc`sgasz+ kèîtîa b„cwt z`w oabbc+ nk b„~ ` z`w dc bcnmc+ nk b„~ ` z`wdc wakcnk+ nk i`nt traz irand+ nk i`nt traz gf`sd… E`nw ê



44?

k` inb dcw w`nwabw+ fnycr gaeec îtî+ kc gabwt`t wcr`nby`rnòkcecbt kc eìec <

— @karw+ psck cwt kc onk`b zasr gcttc w`nwab 1— Cvgckkcbtc w`nwab ! Ab w„cwt træw oncb r`ttr`zî 8 cbsbc dcen%w`nwab+ ab ` w`syî tastc k` w`nwab ! Ecnkkcsrcw`nwab psc k„`b z`wwî ! Basw waeecw træw w`tnwi`ntw !Kc zrakît`rn`t ` `swwn wcw ingckkcw zasr tnrcr k` gasycr%tc dc wab gôtî+ cb zkcsr`bt rîmsknærcecbt dcw ¨ í` y`z`w ¸+ ps„nk cvzrnec `ycg dcw mræycw" Tast gaeec kcwiîenbnwtcw ct kcw gaeesb`st`rnwtcw ‗ zwcsda rcknmncsvct zkstôt zakntngncbw ‗+ psn+ mrïgc ê sbc gasycrtsrceîdn`tnpsc dc gaezk`nw`bgc+ wc zk`nmbcbt rîmsknærc%ecbt dc gcgn ct dc gck`+ oncb psc gcw mcbw%kê wancbtdîware`nw z`rtngsknærcecbt oncb katnw+ cb tast g`w bnzksw bn e`k psc b„nezartc psn" I`nrc z`rkcr dc wan+

gabtnbsckkcecbt+ yankê tast gc psn gaeztc dîware`nw+d`bw kc eabdc ds wzcgt`gkc aþ tast kc eabdc wc yntgaeec d`bw sb inke fakk~}aadncb+ cb rczrîwcbt`tnabzcre`bcbtc" ¨ Kcw Ir`bí`nw wabt rïkcsrw ¸+ e`nw kcwyngtne`nrcw ct kcw zkcsrbngfcsrw wabt zraicwwnabbckw+zragîdsrncrw+ nbtîrcwwîw ct arm`bnwîw"

Tast gck` i`nt z`rtnc dcw gk`wwnpscw dc k` gsktsrc ir`b%í`nwc" Ct zasr nbtîmrcr k` Ir`bgc d„cb o`w+ k` Ir`bgc dctaslasrw+ nk i`st gabb`âtrc gcw gk`wwnpscw" Nk yasw i`st`zzrcbdrc kcw gk`wwnpscw knttîr`nrcw dc Dsgab%k`%lanc+gaeec < ¨ Dsgab%k`%lanc zrîz`rc w` rctr`ntc ¸+ ¨ Dsgab%k`%lanc zrcbd w` rctr`ntc ¸+ ¨ Dsgab%k`%lanc zraintc dc

w` rctr`ntc ¸…



447

Sbc ianw `wwnenkîc k` gsktsrc dc Dsgab%k`%lanc+ yaswzasrrc| yasw nbtîmrcr `ycg w`tnwi`gtnab d`bw k„sbnycrw

dc Dsgab%k`%lanc" G`r b„asoknc| z`w < k` Ir`bgc cwt sbz`~w aþ nk i`nt oab ynyrc" Kcw cvtrîenwtcw ct kcw nbtî%mrnwtcw bc wabt z`w `zzrîgnîw ps`bd nkw zrîtcbdcbt wcrîz`bdrc z`rtast cb Ir`bgc 8 e`nw nkw wabt `zzrîgnîwd`bw k„ndîc ps„nkw zasrr`ncbt i`nrc ds eîb`mc w`bw wceìkcr `s rcwtc dc k` zazsk`tnab+ gaeec kcw asyrncrw dck„aeorc psn `ggaezknwwcbt kcw tïgfcw nbmr`tcw+ e`nwbîgcww`nrcw zasr psc k` ecrdc bc gasrc z`w kcw rscw"Cb Ir`bgc+ ab b„` z`w ndîc dc wc i`nrc cvzkawcr k`yn`bdc zasr aotcbnr kc drant ê sbc rctr`ntc gîkcwtc+gaeec gcksn dc wc i`nrc cbdsnrc kc zanrc`s `ycg kòîgfèck gcryng`kc dc yncrmcw ìiknmîcw" Kc wnmb`k dcr`kkncecbt dcw Ir`bí`nw b„cwt z`w ¨ Dncs cwt mr`bd ¸+

e`nw ¨ ynycecbt k` rctr`ntc ¸+ ct `swwn ¨ ê t` w`btî ¸063"

Cvcrgngc zr`tnpsc <

Dsgab%k`%lanc yasw dce`bdc < ¨ Ps„cwt%gc psc ts i`nwd`bw k` ync 1 ¸

Yasw rîzabdc| < ¨ Lc gfcrgfc sb oaskat" ¸

063 G„cwt `swwn gc psc dnwcbt kcw gnrgabgnwcsrw+ ps`bd nkw yaswestnkcbt < ps„nkw acsyrcbt ê yatrc w`btî+ zasr yatrc oncb" G„cwt gc

psc dnwcbt kcw zakkscsrw+ kcw cezanwabbcsrw+ kcw ecbtcsrw y`%t„cb%mscrrc < ps„nkw acsyrcbt zasr k` knocrtî+ zasr yatrc oncb"



444

Z`w oab zasr yasw+ z`w oab ds tast" %0: zanbtw+ z`rgcpsc Dsgab%k`%lanc wc dce`bdc+ kc rcm`rd `bvncsv+

`zcsrî+ mr`yc+ isrncsv < ¨ E`nw `karw+ psn y` z`~cr t`rctr`ntc 1 ¸ Tast cb zcbw`bt < ¨ Z`w ean l„cwzærc ! Z`w

pscwtnab ps„ab zabgtnabbc wsr e` rctr`ntc zasr z`~cr k`tncbbc ! ¸

Dsgab k` lanc yasw dce`bdc < ¨ Ps„cwt%gc psc ts i`nwd`bw k` ync 1 ¸Yasw rîzabdc| < ¨ Lc gfcrgfc kc wcbw dc k` ync" ¸@ zcnbc encsv+ w`si wn yasw zsoknc| kcw rîwskt`tw dc yawrcgfcrgfcw ct ps„nkw wabt zraintòkcw ê Dsgab%k`%lanc"Dsgab%k`%lanc bc rî`mnr` z`w traz" Nk lcttcr` sb ŗnkeîin`bt wsr yatrc zsokng`tnab+ kc rcm`rd zcrzkcvc ctf`m`rd+ kc ecbt`k wnzfabbî… í` kc dîz`wwc" %7 zanbtw+

z`rgc psc Dsgab%k`%lanc b„cb ` rncb ê i`nrc ds wcbw dck` ync 8 kc wncb cwt tast trasyî < `ttcbdrc k` rctr`ntc cbosy`bt ê eart ê w` w`btî"

Dsgab%k`%lanc yasw dce`bdc < ¨ Ps„cwt%gc psc ts i`nwd`bw k` ync 1 ¸

Yasw rîzabdc| < ¨ L„`ttcbdw k` rctr`ntc ¸ 8 ct ¨ lc oanwê batrc w`btî ¸"G„cwt k` rîzabwc z`ri`ntc ! (0: zanbtw"

Dsgab%k`%lanc yasw dce`bdc < ¨ Ps„cwt%gc psc ts i`nw`ycg tcw e`nbw 1 ¸



443

Yasw rîzabdc| < ¨ Lc gaeztc kcw lasrw psn ec wîz`rcbtdc k` rctr`ntc ¸ 8 ct ¨ lc oanw ê batrc w`btî ¸"

_îzabwc z`ri`ntc ! (0: zanbtw"Dsgab%k`%lanc yasw dce`bdc < ¨ Zasrpsan ts tc mr`ttcwk` tìtc 1 ¸Yasw rîzabdc| < ¨ Lc rîikîgfnw ê gc psc lc y`nw i`nrcdc e` rctr`ntc ¸ 8 ct ¨ lc oanw ê batrc w`btî ¸"_îzabwc z`ri`ntc ! (0: zanbtw"

Dsgab%k`%lanc yasw dce`bdc < ¨ Ps„cwt%gc psc ts i`nwdc tcw bsntw 1 ¸Yasw rîzabdc| < ¨ Lc rìyc ê e` rctr`ntc ¸ 8 ct ¨ lcoanw ê batrc w`btî ¸"_îzabwc z`ri`ntc ! (0: zanbtw"

Zrîz`rc|%yasw ê ìtrc gabirabtîw ê dcw wnts`tnabwnbwakntcw" Dsgab%k`%lanc wcr` kê aþ yasw bc k„`ttcbdrc|z`w 8 ycnkk`bt+ taslasrw `kcrtc+ ê gc psc kc gar`b ir`b%í`nw want rîzîtî z`r kc gŗsr+ w`bw cwzrnt grntnpsc bneørc rîikcvnab" Z`r cvcezkc+ wa~c| `ycrtnw ps„cb yasw

rcbd`bt d`bw dcw tankcttcw zsoknpscw+ yasw rnwpsc| iartdc yanr Dsgab%k`%lanc ycbnr srnbcr zrîgnwîecbt d`bw k`znwwatnærc lasvt`bt gckkc aþ yasw `src| oncb zrnw m`rdcdc rìycr tast f`st ê yatrc rctr`ntc+ zasr yasw nbtcr%ramcr+ `ycg k` yanv rag`nkkcswc dc k„`kgaaknpsc fïokcsrps„nk cwt ct kc tab i`swwcecbt g`bdndc ds gnta~cb

oncbycnkk`bt ps„nk b„cwt z`w < ¨ @karw 1 Í` y` 1 Ps„cwt%gc



449

ts i`nw 1 ¸ @ttcbtnab+ g„cwt sb znæmc ! Bc rîzabdc|wsrtast z`w < ¨ Ocb+ lc znwwc" ¸ Tcbdc| ynmasrcswcecbt

kc or`w drant+ ct i`ntcw kc wnmbc dc k` yngtanrc cbfsrk`bt `kkæmrcecbt < ¨ L„`ttcbdw k` rctr`ntc+ gfci ! ¸ 8¨ cb osy`bt ê batrc w`btî ¸" ¨ @``f… í` y` ¸+ ¨ ts cwgaeec basw ¸+ yasw rîzabdr` w`bw dastc d„sb `nrwaszíabbcsv gcksn psn wc zrcbd zasr sb z`trn`rgfc assb gfci dc ecstc+ tast cb yasw `wwcb`bt sbc t`zc ynycwsr k„îz`skc+ ct d„`lastcr < ¨ Tncbw%k` oncb wakd`t+ tst„cb ectw z`rtast ! ¸Í` y` 1 Oab ! Lc yasw rcbyanc ê eab gakkæmsc+ psn y`yasw cbtrctcbnr d„sb `strc `wzcgt dc k` Ir`bgcir`bí`nwc+ ps„nk yasw cwt zrneardn`k dc oncb gabb`âtrcct d„`wwnenkcr < kc tîkîzfabc `ròc dc k` Ir`bgcir`bí`nwc 8 as k` gnynknw`tnab dcw g`bg`bnærcw069"

— Ecrgn" G„cwt ìicgtnycecbt kc tntrc dc eab nbtcr%ycbtnab < kc tîkîzfabc `ròc dc k` Ir`bgc ir`bí`nwc 8 as

069 Dcw g`bg`bnærcw ê k` k`bmsc dc zstc psn zrîtcbdcbt wc dabbcrsb tntrc dc baokcwwc cb ìinre`bt bc z`w `necr kcw ¨ o`k`bgcw ¸ bnkcw lasrb`knwtcw iasnkkc%ecrdc ct traezc%aznbnab+ e`nw dcwg`bg`bnærcw psn `necbt iasnkkcr d`bw kcw zasockkcw ct gabb`âtrc kcwi`ntw ct mcwtcw dcw sbw ct dcw `strcw zasr zasyanr cvtr`y`mscr

wsr kcsr gaeztc+ kcsr gr`gfcr dcwwsw ct kcsr zk`btcr dcw gastc`svd`bw kc daw"



44=

k` gnynknw`tnab dcw g`bg`bnærcw" E` gakkæmsc ` rcm`rdîecw ingfcw"

Kcw Ir`bí`nw w„èswcbt as wc eapscbt ds w~eztôec dszsrnt`bnwec `knîb`bt dcw gsktsrcw `ròa%eswske`bcwps„cwt kc ¨ tîkîzfabc `ròc ¸+ e`nw w`bw zartcr sbrcm`rd `swwn grntnpsc wsr kc eadc dc iabgtnabbcecbtds tîkîzfabc ir`bí`nw 8 w`bw rî`knwcr psc kc tîkîzfabc`ròc cwt gcksn dcw ynkk`mcw dc Ir`bgc+ dcw _arambn`nwdc Mbab ct dc _ambab+ aþ+ `ycg irîbîwnc+ e`kngc ctdîkcgt`tnab+ kcw gfncbw%gfascttcw rcbnikcbt kcw traswdc gsk ct iasnkkcbt kcw zasockkcw+ dîtcrrcbt kcw g`d`%yrcw+ gfcrgfcbt dcw è`btw d`bw kcw zk`g`rdw+ ctr`zzartcbt kcw i`ntw ct mcwtcw+ kcw `ycbtsrcw ct kcweîw`ycbtsrcw dcw sbw ct dcw `strcw… ê wc dce`bdcr êpsan oab kcw gèîr`w dc wsrycnkk`bgc+ zsnwps„ab

gabwt`tc psc tast kc eabdc wsrycnkkc tast kc eabdc+tast kc eabdc dîbabgc tast kc eabdc+ tast kc eabdcdîok`tærc wsr tast kc eabdc" Gc b„cwt z`w tnrcr dcwgïokcw ga`vn`sv+ ps„nk i`st+ e`nw dîkncr kcw k`bmscw dczstc"Cb Ir`bgc+ kc tîkîzfabc iabgtnabbc wsrtast cb knmbc

nbdnrcgtc+ ê tr`ycrw dc esktnzkcw azîr`tcsrw psnrck`ncbt k„nbiare`tnab 8 `ycg sb rîwc`s cb gf`âbc dcdnwtrnostcsrw wzîgn`knwîw d`bw k` zrcwwc zasockkc ar`kc+tr`y`nkk`bt mr`tsntcecbt+ lswtc zasr kc zk`nwnr dc eîdn%rc+ gr`gfcr+ l`g`wwcr" Í` mrîwnkkc ct í` i`nt rsecsr+gaeec dcw lasnwwcsrw e`k rîmkîw" Zasr kc dnrc yskm`n%

rcecbt+ kc tîkîzfabc ir`bí`nw z`wwc z`r kcw trasw dc



446

gsk ct kcw g`bnyc`sv" Cb Ir`bgc+ g„cwt d`bw kcw ratw+ kcwzctw+ k` o`yc+ k` znwwc ct kcw cvgrîecbtw ps„nk i`st

gfcrgfcr k` yîrntî zazsk`nrc06=

" Kcw zazsk`tnabw dcwgsktsrcw zsrnt`nbcw b„abt z`w k„fòntsdc dc wc i`nrccvènbcr kcw arningcw ê k` rcgfcrgfc d„sb g`bgcr+ e`nwngn+ nk cwt `wwc| gaeesb dc gfcrgfcr dcw g`bgcrw d`bwkcw arningcw dcw mcbw 8 cbtrc `strcw gfawcw+ g`r kcg`bgcr b„cwt z`w kc wcsk e`k psn rabmc kcw Ir`bí`nw"Bc i`ntcw z`w gcw enbcw gfapsîcw ct dîmaøtîcw ! Ckkcwtr`fnwwcbt kc gfag dcw gsktsrcw psc kcw Ir`bí`nwcvzîrnecbtcbt ê yatrc gabt`gt" Psanpsc… wn ab gabwn%dærc psc g„cwt `nbwn eìec psc gfc| yasw wc wabt zraz`%mîcw kcw estnk`tnabw mîbnt`kcw rntsckkcw ‗ e`wgsknbc ctiîenbnbc ‗+ tast gaeztc i`nt+ yasw i`ntcw oncb d„ìtrcgfapsîw ct dîmaøtîw"

Cbinb ! W`gfc|%kc+ ê dîi`st dc ynyrc d`bw dcw iènkkcwîk`rmncw ê k` eadc `ròc as ìrng`nbc+ zasr bc z`w wcwcbtnr cwwcskîw ct zasr wc tcbnr gf`sd `s gŗsr cb wcgabwak`bt d„ìtrc e`rnîw+ k` eantnî dcw Ir`bí`nw ynycbtwsr kc zk`tc`s d„sbc ¨ tîkî%rî`kntî ¸ 8 tast cb wc zk`n%mb`bt dcw @ròcw ct dcw @irng`nbw cvsoîr`btw psn

z`rkcbt iart ct psn wabt cby`fnww`btw &ct psn wabt ê k`

06= E`nw bc dntcw z`w `sv iasnkkc%zasockkcw psc gc wabt dcw traswdc gsk psn tr`âbcbt kcsr w`kc mscskc dc zanyratw d`bw kcw g`bnyc`svecrdcsv+ nkw wc zrcbbcbt zasr dcw `mcbtw dc rcbwcnmbcecbtwtr`tîmnpsc e`bd`tîw z`r k` Ir`bgc `denròkc zasr dîbabgcr kcw

e`sy`nw gnta~cbw" Kcw `kgaaknpscw wabt gaeec kcw nbtîmrnwtcw < cbenwwnab"



44>

zarbamr`zfnc gc psc kcw gaeeærcw ir`bí`nwcw wabt êk„îratnwec+ ê k„ciicsnkk`mc+ `s dîwfònkkî wcv~ as `s

tasgfc%znzn 8 cb kcsr rczragf`bt dabg dc z`wwcr ê gôtîds zk`nwnr ps„nk ~ ` ê dîraskcr sb zrîzsgc ct ê zîbîtrcrcb dasgcsr zkstôt ps„ê wc i`nrc gnrgabgnrc zasr¨ rèabcr ¸ w`sy`mcecbt+ ê wîdsnrc zkstôt ps„ê ynakcr+ê wc i`nrc gabincr dcw wcgrctw nbtnecw z`r k„fònkctîzkstôt ps„ê kcw `rr`gfcr z`r k` gacrgntnab." Nkw b„stnkn%wcbt z`w dcw lseckkcw zasr rcezknr kcsr ync cb cwznab%b`bt k` ync dcw `strcw+ nkw bc z`wwcbt z`w z`r kcw icbì%trcw zasr w„neenwgcr d`bw kcw yncw zrnyîcw+ `ycg kòasgfc nkw z`wwcbt z`r k„nbtcrram`tanrc" Nkw zr`tnpscbtk„nbdnwgrîtnab îfabtîc cb i`nw`bt asyrnr kcw oasgfcw ctcb tcbd`bt k„arcnkkc" Nkw ne`mnbcbt ct i`bt`wecbt wsr kò`wc dcw r`matw ct dcw nbtcrzrît`tnabw dc mcbw rctarw

psn zralcttcbt wsr kcw `strcw kcsr zcrycrwntî+ kcsre`kngc+ kcsr r`gnwec+ kcsr e`kfabbìtctî 8 `knecbt`bt`nbwn kcsr l`kaswnc+ kcsr `nmrcsr+ kcsr `bneawntî <

Psn t„cw tan 1 D„aþ ts yncbw 1 Ps„cwt%gc psc ts i`nw kê 1Ps„cwt%gc psc t„`w 1

G„cwt psan tab bae 1 T„fòntcw aþ 1&L„`n ocwanb dc kc w`yanr zasr cbya~cr sb dc ecwgkîo`rdw zawcr dcw pscwtnabw wsr tan+ t` ync zrnyîc cttab z`wwî 8 z`rgc psc lc ycsv tast w`yanr dc tan" Ts `wk„`nr knorc+ dît`gfî+ dnwt`bt+ rîwcryî+ wcgrct+ e~wtî%rncsv+ nbtrnms`bt… ct eab gcryc`s rcztnkncb b„`rrnyc z`w

ê tc gcrbcr 8 `karw lc wsnw e`k ê k„`nwc `ycg tan".



43:

T„cw e`rnî 1 T„`w dcw cbi`btw 1A`f ! A`f ! T„cw e`rnî+ t„`w dcw cbi`btw 1

T„cw+ t„cw+ t„cw+ t„cw e`rnî+ t„`w dcw cbi`btw 1&T` ync zrnyîc ec rcm`rdc z`w 1 A`f ! Zasrpsan ts dnwí` 1 Ts e„`necw z`w as psan 1 Ts ycsv z`w z`rt`mcr t`ync zrnyîc `ycg ean 1 E`nw+ e`nw+ e`nw+ e`nw zasrpsan 1Lc gaezrcbdw z`w ean !.&T` iceec t„` psnttî 1 A`f ! I`st cb trasycr sbc`strc+ kê+ yntc i`nt ! Ts zcsv z`w rcwtcr gaeec í`+ w`bwtnrcr" Ts tnrcw ps„sbc ianw z`r eanw 1 G„cwt tast 1! A`f !I`st zrcbdrc dcw fareabcw ! Ts tnrcw sbc ianw z`rwce`nbc 1 G„cwt z`w `wwc| í` ! Ct ê gf`psc ianw tstnrcw t` iceec sbc wcskc ianw1 Ean e` iceec+ lc k`zkaeoc ps`trc ianw+ `s eanbw+ gf`psc ianw psc lc k`tnrc+ tasw kcw lasrw ! Ps„cwt%gc psc ts ec i`nw+ tan !1 Ts

zanbtcw as ts tnrcw 1 Gfanwnw+ e`nw rcwtc z`w gaeecí`".&Psan 1! T„cw z`w e`rnî 1 Oììì+ í` `karw ! T„`w z`w dciceec 1 E`nw `karw+ g„cwt gaeec wn t„`y`nw z`w dcontc ! E`nw zasrpsan í` 1 Gaeecbt í` wc i`nt 1 E`nw+e`nw+ e`nw ps„cwt%gc psc g„cwt psc gc psan í` 1 G„cwt

z`w bare`k í` ! T„`w sb zraokæec `ycg kcw iceecw 1T„`w sb zraokæec `ycg t` ontc 1 G„cwt mîbîtnpsc 1Bcsrakamnpsc 1 Nbgra~òkc… nk cwt z`w e`rnî ! Kc gncktaeoc wsr e` tìtc ! @s wcgasrw+ ecw rczærcw wabtoaskcycrwîw ! @ k„`ndc+ fckz+ fckz ! L„`n ocwanb d„sbc`wwnwt`bgc zw~gfakamnpsc+ lc bc w`nw zksw aþ lc wsnw+ lc

bc w`nw zksw psn lc wsnw ! Sb `strc eabdc `zz`r`ât wasw



430

ecw ~csv îocrksîw 8 sbc i`nkkc wz`tna%tcezarckkc+ sbwînwec+ sb g`t`gk~wec wasw ecw zncdw" Nk cwt gîkno`%

t`nrc ! G„cwt z`w bare`k+ bab+ g„cwt z`w bare`k ! Nk ` z`wdc ]G gfc| ksn ! Ct eìec z`w wsr kc z`kncr ! Nk dantwartnr zasr `kkcr tnrcr sb gasz ! E`nw kc e`tnb+ gaeecbtnk i`nt 1! Nk wc rctncbt `karw+ w„nk ` z`w dc ]G ê wzcrecgfc| ksn 1! E`nw `karw gaeecbt nk i`nt 1 Nk dant îl`gskcrsbc ianw z`r wce`nbc+ z`w zksw+ as wcskcecbt sbc ianwz`r eanw" L„`n lè`nw ys í`+ ean ! E`nw `karw+ nk dant`yanr kcw tcwtngskcw mraw gaeec dcw eckabw ! Wn í` wctrasyc+ kcw gasnkkcw wc tr`bwiarecbt cb wcnbw wn ab kcwyndc z`w `ycg k` e`nb+ `ycg sb gsk as sb y`mnb" Í` dantìtrc í` ! Kc wzcrec wc tr`bwiarec cb k`nt" Nk wc tasgfckcw gasnkkcw eèe`nrcw+ g„cwt zasr í` ps„nk b„` z`wocwanb dc y`mnb" Nk w„cwt tr`bwiareî cb y`gfc ê k`nt+ ct

w` ontc cwt dcycbsc sb y`mnb" As `karw nk b„` z`w dcwzcrec" G„cwt í`+ nk cwt wtîrnkc" @karw í` ycst dnrc ps„nkcwt `swwn nezsnww`bt ! Ct dabg wcw tcwtngskcw abtrîtrîgn ct wabt dcycbsw dcw banwcttcw" F``` ! Nk îga%baenwc+ gaeec kcw îgsrcsnkw".&Nk w„cwt z`w i`nt cbgskcr gaeec basw ! G„cwt z`w

bare`k ! I`st ps„nk wc i`wwc cbgskcr+ gaeec basw ! I`stksn ecttrc k` tìtc d`bw kc g`g`+ gaeec basw ! G„cwt z`wbare`k ps„nk want knorc ksn+ g„cwt z`w bare`k" Basw ab cwtcbgf`âbîw gaeec dcw gabw `ycg batrc iceec dcecrdc ct baw mawwcw dc ecrdc psn basw iabt gfncr"Nk cwt z`w d`bw k` ecrdc gaeec ean ! G„cwt z`w bare`k

í` ! ^„` dcw zrnynkîmnîw" Í` ec tsc ean+ í`" K`



43?

_îzsoknpsc cwt eartc ! K` Ir`bgc iast kc gèz ! Lcgaezrcbdw z`w ! Lc gaezrcbdw z`w ean ! Lc gaezrcbdw

z`w ! G„cwt z`w bare`k ps„sb gîkno`t`nrc want z`~îgaeec sb faeec e`rnî `ycg cbi`btw ! I`st ps„nkgr`gfc ! A`f ! I`st kc i`nrc gr`gfcr+ ksn ! Gr`gfc kczambab+ a`f+ gr`gfc ! Z`nc%basw sb ycrrc+ ct sbc `strc+ct sb `strc" Gr`gfc+ gr`gfc ! Gîkno`t`nrc îtr`bmcr ctzwcsda ir`bí`nw psn yakc k„`rmcbt dcw Ir`bí`nw ! Gr`gfc 8rcbdw gc psc ts `w yakî !Basw ab ` sbc iceec+ dcw cbi`btw+ dcsv yantsrcw+ cteìec tranw as ps`trc+ sbc eata+ sbc e`nwab+ sbcznwgnbc… ab i`nt dcw wartncw+ ab zrcbd dcw y`g`bgcw"I`st ps„ab îpsnzc batrc e`nwab `ycg k„îkcgtrabnpscd„`y`bt%m`rdc 8 gnbîe`+ `sdntarnse+ w`tckkntc+ nbiare`%tnpsc… Tan t„`w z`w dc tr`y`nk+ z`w dc iceec+ z`w dc

e`nwab+ z`w dc yantsrc+ z`w dc eata+ lswtc sb yîka+ ctts wartw zcs+ ct ts zrcbdw z`w dc y`g`bgcw" Ts b„`wrncb+ ts b„cw rncb" @f oab+ ts b„`w rncb 1 Cf oncb+ g„cwtcbgarc traz ! Ts danw `yanr cbgarc eanbw ! Basw+ ab òc`sgasz dc ir`nw" I`st psc ts z`ncw baw t`rniwrîdsntw+ i`st psc ts gr`gfcw zasr basw ! Kcw gîkno`%

t`nrcw+ i`sdr`nt kcw aoknmcr ê dcw daecwtnpscw oîbî%yakcw zasr `ndcr kcw iènkkcw" @karw gr`gfc !G„cwt gc ps„nkw iabt+ kcw gîkno`t`nrcw 1 wszzartcr kcwt`rniw rîdsntw dcw iènkkcw 8 ct dabg+ fcsrcswcecbtps„nk ~ cb `+ dcw gîkno`t`nrcw" @f… oab+ `karw+ csf+ g„cwtpsc+ csf… nk e`bmc z`w dc yn`bdc ! G„cwt z`w bare`k í`"

G„cwt z`w zawwnokc dc ynyrc w`bw e`bmcr dc yn`bdc !



437

G„cwt z`w zawwnokc" L„~ granw z`w" Nk dant zrcbdrc dcwdramscw" Nk trìnpsc wab arm`bnwec" G„cwt z`w zawwnokc

`strcecbt066

"I`st kc ecttrc ê zank+ ksn ! ê zk`t ycbtrc+ wsr sbcìingfc cb 4v7" Cb zksw nk zartc dcw yìtcecbtw dce`rpsc" Nk m`mbc traz ksn ! Nk cwt z`rr`nbî as psan 1! As`karw nk kcw yakc !Psan 1 Tcw yìtcecbtw dc e`rpsc+ ts kcw `gfætcw cbwakdc as cb dîmrniiî 8 `s zrnv dcw irnbmscw dc wszcr%e`rgfî 1 @ %4:#+ %3:#+ %93# !1 Zst`nb+ nk mrnkkc kèîb`mærc dc eanbw dc 3: `bw ! G„cwt z`w bare`k í`"Gab ! kcw wakdcw dcyr`ncbt ìtrc rîwcryîcw `sv iènkkcw"Tan ts dcyr`nw ìtrc fònkkî gaeec sb gkagf`rd" Basw ab` sbc iceec ct dcw mawwcw ê yìtnr" G„cwt zasr kcwmawwcw+ kcw e`rpscw 8 í` kcw cbtr`âbc ê k` gaezîtntnab

cbtrc gabw" W„nkw abt z`w dc k` e`rpsc+ baw mawwcw+ nkwwabt r`nkkîw+ f`rgckîw+ eîzrnwîw+ cvgksw dcw mraszcwdaenb`btw dcw gszndcw ct eìec dc k` wagnîtî" G„cwtzasr basw kcw e`rpscw ct kcw wakdcw wsr kcw e`rpscw 8

066 Cf bab+ g„cwt z`w zawwnokc… K` yn`bdc &kc eswgkc `bne`k. cwttckkcecbt nbdnwzcbwòkc ê k` wsrync dcw `bne`sv en%fse`nbw psckcw gaezkîecbtw `knecbt`nrcw `bòaknw`btw &zasr gsktsrnwtcw. ctkcw rîmnecw è`nmrnww`btw f~zcrzratînbîw bc wabt z`w îkòarîw êo`wc dc zasdrc dc yn`bdc+ e`nw d„ŗsi+ dc k`nt+ dc wal` &ct dce`nb+zcst%ìtrc+ dc gf`byrc." Nbstnkc dc kc dnrc ê k` e`wwc kaoataenwîc+ckkc gf`bmcr` d„aznbnab ps`bd k„`starntî daenb`btc ksn icr` rîgntcr

sbc `strc kcíab psc ¨ kc zrîgcztc dc k„ò`ttanr ¸ &as gaeecbtfòntscr kcw mcbw `s w`grningc `bne`k+ fse`nb gaezrnw."



434

z`rgc psc basw ab wc rczradsnt+ ab zcrzîtsc k„cwzægc+ab i`nt tasrbcr kc eabdc".

&T„cw e`rnî+ t„`w dcw cbi`btw 1 @``fff+ í` g„cwt oncbí` ! Ts ec i`nw zk`nwnr" Ts cw gaeec ean `karw 8 gaeecean+ gaeec ean+ ean+ ean+ EEEAAA@@@FFF !.Ckkc w„`zzckkc gaeecbt+ t` iceec 1 Psck ïmc ckkc ` 1T` iceec tr`y`nkkc 1 Aþ cwt%gc ps„ckkc tr`y`nkkc 1Ps„cwt%gc ps„ckkc i`nt gaeec oaskat 1 Ckkc m`mbcgaeoncb 1&@f+ í` y`+ `strcecbt+ psn y` z`~cr w` rctr`ntc !1.Nkw w„`zzckkcbt gaeecbt tcw mawwcw 1 Psck ïmc nkw abt 1Nkw yabt aþ ê k„îgakc 1 Cb psckkc gk`wwc nkw wabt 1&Nkw bc tr`y`nkkcbt z`w cbgarc 1 Ynycecbt `karw+ z`rgcps„`strcecbt+ psn y` z`~cr kcsr rctr`ntc !1.Ts k` o`nwcw gaeecbt+ t` iceec 1 Z`r dcy`bt+ z`r

dcrrnærc 1 Gaeoncb dc ianw z`r wce`nbc 1Ckkc wsgc 1 Ckkc `y`kc 1Ts k` wadaenwcw sb zcs+ t` iceec 1G„cwt psn ksn+ ts kc gabb`nw 1 Ct ckkc+ ct csv 1D„aþ ts kcw gabb`nw 1 Dczsnw ps`bd 1Ps„cwt%gc ps„nkw iabt d`bw k` ync 1 Nkw tr`y`nkkcbt 1

&Z`rgc ps„`strcecbt+ psn y` z`~cr kcsr rctr`ntc 1.D„aþ nkw yncbbcbt+ gcsv%kê 1 Aþ nkw yabt+ kê 1 Nkw z`r%tcbt 1 Nkw rcyncbbcbt 1 Ps`bd cwt%gc ps„nkw z`rtcbt 1Ps`bd cwt%gc ps„nkw rcyncbbcbt 1 Gaeoncb dc tcezw nkwrcwtcbt 1Aþ t„`w cs í` 1 Ts k„`w yakî+ trasyî+ `gfctî 1 Aþ í` 1

Gaeoncb ts k„`w z`~î 1 Gaeecbt ts k„`w z`~î 1



433

Gaezt`bt+ ê grîdnt 1Ts m`mbcw gaeoncb 1 Ts dîzcbwcw gaeoncb 1

&Ts tr`y`nkkcw z`w 1 G„cwt ean psn tr`y`nkkc zasr tan+`karw ! Cbianrî !Ts tr`y`nkkcw 1 Zst`nb+ lc z`nc zksw d„nezôt psc tan !Zst`nb+ ts tasgfcw zksw d„`kkag`tnabw psc ean !Zst`nb+ ts `w zksw d„cvabîr`tnabw psc ean !Zst`nb+ tab gaentî d„cbtrczrnwc cwt zksw mîbîrcsv psckc encb !Zst`nb+ ts `w sbc ecnkkcsrc zk`gc psc ean !Zst`nb+ tab `zz`rtcecbt cwt encsv cvzawî psc kc encb !Zst`nb+ ts `w zksw psc ean !Zst`nb+ g„cwt z`w bare`k í` !.@ psckkc fcsrc ts tc gasgfcw 1 @ psckkc fcsrc ts tckæycw 1

Aþ cwt%gc psc ts i`nw tcw gasrwcw 1 Ps„cwt%gc psct„`gfætcw gaeec gasrwcw 1Ps`bd cwt%gc psc ts e„nbyntcw gfc| tan 1 &lc ycsv yanrgaeecbt g„cwt gfc| tan+ lc ycsv yanr gc ps„nk ~ ` gfc|tan+ lc ycsv lctcr sb ŗnk ê t` ync zrnyîc+ lc ycsv yanr gcpsc ts `w psc ean l„`n z`w 8 ct wn ts ycsv z`w psc lc

zîbætrc d`bw tab nbtnentî+ lc e„~ nbyntcr`nw dc iargc+ lc k` ynakcr`nw+ cb nbwnwt`bt lswps„ê tc i`nrc gîdcr+ wnocwanb cb rcgasr`bt ê k` zrcwwnab wagn`kc+ cb gakzart`btk„ndîc psc ts `w dcw gfawcw ê g`gfcr+ psc ts tc basw`necw z`w+ psc ts b„cw z`w dcw bôtrcw+ ps„nk i`st tcrciaskcr.

Ps„cwt%gc psc ts i`nw 1 Zasrpsan ts i`nw í` 1 @ psan í`



439

wcrt ‗ dc i`nrc í` ‗ 1 Í` wcrt ê rncb gc psc ts i`nw &lctc dnw í` z`rgc psc lc yanw z`w cb psan í` zcst e„ìtrc

stnkc ê ean+ ct ean kc zrnentni ê k` ecbt`kntî eìncswcct trno`kc+ lc bc wszzartc z`w psc psckps„sb want asi`wwc psckpsc gfawc psn bc want z`w cb r`zzart `ycgean+ e` ync ê ean+ ecw dcwndcr`t` ê ean ct ecwnbtîrìtw ê ean."Ts i`nw psan gc wanr 1 Ts bnpscw 1Ps„cwt%gc psc ts `w i`nt fncr wanr 1 T„`w bnpsî 1T„`w rcm`rdî k` tîkî 1 Psck zramrèec t„`w rcm`rdî 1T„cw `kkî wsr Nbtcrbct 1 Psckw wntcw t„`w ynwntîw 1T„cw wartn 1 Aþ t„cw `kkî 1 Ps„cwt%gc t„`w i`nt 1 @ycg psnt„ît`nw 1Ps„cwt%gc psc t„`w e`bmî ê endn+ ps„cwt%gc psc t„`we`bmî gc }cch%cbd+ ps„cwt%gc psc t„`w e`bmî fncr

wanr 1Ps„cwt%gc psc ts i`nw gc }cch%cbd 1 Ts bnpscw 1Ps„cwt%gc psc ts i`nw zcbd`bt kcw y`g`bgcw 1 Tsbnpscw 1Ts y`w aþ cb y`g`bgcw 1 @ycg psn ts y`w 1&Aþ ts y`w ps`bd ts warw+ d„aþ ts yncbw ps`bd ts

rcbtrcw 1 Lc ycsv tast w`yanr !.Ts yatcw zasr psn 1G„cwt psan t` rcknmnab 1Ts bnpscw 1&Cb rîwseî… t„cw gaeec ean 1.



43=

Kc gabwt`t zcst ìtrc i`nt psc kcw ya~csrw g`t`kamsîwgaeec tckw &gcsv psn e`tcbt z`r kc tras dcw wcrrsrcw

as oncb `ycg dcw lseckkcw. bc wabt z`w kcw wcskwya~csrw" Nk cvnwtc d„`strcw t~zcw dc ya~csrw+ zkswgabycbtnabbckw+ ct psn b„abt z`w ocwanb dc wc g`gfcrzasr w„cvgntcr wsr kc daw dcw `strcw 8 dcw ya~csrw `sveŗsrw gabiarecw `sv sw ct gastsecw dc k` wagnîtîir`bí`nwc batèecbt < kcw ya~csrw psn îzncbt `ycg kòasgfc ct kcw arcnkkcw 8 gcsv psn e`tcbt z`r kc tras dcwarcnkkcw+ cb rcm`rd`bt `s iabd dcw mawncrw+ ct dcwtrasw dc gsk"Kcw ¨ rîwc`sv wagn`sv ¸ d„Nbtcrbct b„abt rncb nbycbtî&w`si k„cvzkant`tnab gaeecrgn`kc ds tîkîzfabc `ròc cbycrwnab aggndcbt`kc. < gc psn cwt dnt ct eabtrî ê k„sbdcw zctntw enkngncbw dc k` zakngc wagn`kc wc rctrasyc

d`bw k„arcnkkc ct wasw kcw ~csv d„sb `strc zctnt enkngncbdc k` zakngc wagn`kc psn+ z`r kc enranr dîiare`bt dc wabcwzrnt zksw as eanbw tartscsv+ dc w` ear`kc zksw aseanbw èar`kc+ dc wab îdsg`tnab zksw as eanbw zst`w%wnærc+ inbnt dîiareî gaeec sbc ne`mc wasw kc inktrcd„sb kamngnck dc rctasgfc d„ne`mc"

Gck` bc w„`zzckkc z`w kc tîkîzfabc `ròc+ gck` w„`zzckkckcw eabd`bntîw dcw mcbw oncb îkcyîw gaeec kcw l`zzc%ecbtw dcw zctntw gkîo`rdw drcwwîw ê òa~cr ê k` yscd„sb nbgabbs" As cbgarc+ kcw îgf`bmcw fse`nbw dcwoabw zctntw gnta~cbw wagnòkcw psn zrîtcbdcbt b„`yanrrncb ê g`gfcr t`bt nkw w„îycrtscbt ê wc gabiarecr ê k`

barec ê k`psckkc ycnkkc k` e`wwc dcw enkngncbw dc k`



436

MCfcnec WT@`twZAkn|cn psn bc dce`bdcbt z`w ¨ Yawz`zncrw ! ¸+ e`nw psn+ `ycg nbwnwt`bgc+ dce`bdcbt

wcskcecbt <Psn t„cw tan 1 D„aþ ts yncbw 1 Ps„cwt%gc psc ts i`nw kê 1 Ps„cwt%gc psc t„`w 1

G„cwt psan tab bae 1 T„fòntcw aþ 1

T„cw e`rnî 1 T„`w dcw cbi`btw 1 Ckkc w„`zzckkc gaeecbt+ t` iceec 1 Psck ïmc ckkc ` 1

T` iceec tr`y`nkkc 1 Aþ cwt%gc ps„ckkc tr`y`nkkc 1 Ps„cwt%gc ps„ckkc i`nt gaeec oaskat 1 Ckkc m`mbc gaeoncb 1

Nkw w„`zzckkcbt gaeecbt tcw mawwcw 1 Psck ïmc nkw abt 1 Nkw yabt aþ ê k„îgakc 1 Cb psckkc gk`wwc nkw wabt 1 Ts k` o`nwcw gaeecbt+ t` iceec 1 Z`r dcy`bt+ z`r

dcrrnærc 1 Gaeoncb dc ianw z`r wce`nbc 1 Ckkc wsgc 1 Ckkc `y`kc 1

Ts k` wadaenwcw sb zcs+ t` iceec 1 G„cwt psn ksn+ ts kc gabb`nw 1 Ct ckkc+ ct csv 1 D„aþ ts kcw gabb`nw 1 Dczsnw ps`bd 1

Ps„cwt%gc ps„nkw iabt d`bw k` ync 1 Nkw tr`y`nkkcbt 1

D„aþ nkw yncbbcbt+ gcsv%kê 1 Aþ nkw yabt+ kê 1 Nkw z`rtcbt 1 Nkw rcyncbbcbt 1 Ps`bd cwt%gc ps„nkw

z`rtcbt 1 Ps`bd cwt%gc ps„nkw rcyncbbcbt 1 Gaeoncb dc tcezw nkw rcwtcbt 1 Aþ t„`w cs í` 1 Ts k„`w yakî+ trasyî+ `gfctî 1 Aþ í` 1

Gaeoncb ts k„`w z`~î 1 Gaeecbt ts k„`w z`~î 1

Gaezt`bt+ ê grîdnt 1



43>

Aþ t„`w cs í` 1 Ts k„`w yakî+ trasyî+ `gfctî 1 Aþ í` 1

Gaeoncb ts k„`w z`~î 1

Ts m`mbcw gaeoncb 1 Ts dîzcbwcw gaeoncb 1 @ psckkc fcsrc ts tc gasgfcw 1 @ psckkc fcsrc ts tc kæycw 1 Aþ cwt%gc psc ts i`nw tcw gasrwcw 1 Ps„cwt%gc psc

t„`gfætcw gaeec gasrwcw 1

Ts i`nw psan gc wanr 1 Ts bnpscw 1 Ps„cwt%gc psc ts `w i`nt fncr wanr 1 T„`w bnpsî 1

T„`w rcm`rdî k` tîkî 1 Psck zramrèec t„`w rcm`rdî 1 T„cw `kkî wsr Nbtcrbct 1 Psckw wntcw t„`w ynwntîw 1 T„cw wartn 1 Aþ t„cw `kkî 1 Ps„cwt%gc t„`w i`nt 1 @ycg psn

t„ît`nw 1 Ps„cwt%gc psc t„`w e`bmî ê endn+ ps„cwt%gc psc t„`w e`bmî gc }cch%cbd+ ps„cwt%gc psc t„`w e`bmî fncr

wanr 1 Ps„cwt%gc psc ts i`nw gc }cch%cbd 1 Ts bnpscw 1

Ps„cwt%gc psc ts i`nw zcbd`bt kcw y`g`bgcw 1 Ts bnpscw 1 Ts y`w aþ cb y`g`bgcw 1 @ycg psn ts y`w 1

Ts yatcw zasr psn 1

G„cwt psan t` rcknmnab 1 Ts bnpscw 1

&Cb rîwseî… t„cw gaeec ean 1.



49:

Gc b„cwt z`w gaeec gfc| kcw @ròa%e`mfrîonbw" KcwIr`bí`nw wabt gnynknwîw+ csv06>" Kcsr nbtcrram`tanrc

zrcbd k` iarec d„sbc gabycrw`tnab èng`kc+ e`nw+ cbg`w dc rîwnwt`bgc nk zrcbd ¨ wcskcecbt ¸ k` iarec d„sbf`rgækcecbt ear`k+ yanrc d„sbc wî`bgc dc tartsrc zw~%gfakamnpsc+ wn ocwanb rcbiargîc z`r kcw `ww`stw rîzîtîwdcw gkîo`rdw dc wcryngc+ taslasrw zrìtw ê wsnyrc kcwnbgnt`tnabw wasrbanwcw dcw `zzrcbtnw eìnawn ct `strcwzctntw gfciw dc mraszc" K` Ir`bgc+ gc b„cwt z`w k„Sbnabwaynîtnpsc as k„Nr`b < nk b„~ ` z`w ocwanb dc zakngc zakntn%psc bn dc zakngc dcw eŗsrw 8 z`rgc ps„nk ~ ` tast sbrè`wwnw dc gabb`rdw psn lascbt kc rôkc dc ikng`nkkczakntnpsc ct dc ikng`nkkc dcw eŗsrw 8 psn iasnkkcbt d`bwkcw `bsw `ycg kcsr eswc`s+ ps`bd nkw bc kcw tasnkkcbt z`w`ycg kcsr ok`nrc`s"

@nbwn+ wn yasw dîgk`rc| bc z`w yatcr wckab kcw ardabb`b%gcw tîkîynwîcw+ gck` grîîc nbîksgtòkcecbt sb trasokc+

06> Kcw @eîrng`nbw wabt rîzstîw `yanr kc gabt`gt i`gnkc+ g`r w„nkww„nbtîrcwwcbt `nwîecbt ê yasw+ g„cwt w`bw `sgsb dastc zasr w`yanrgc ps„nkw zcsycbt tnrcr dc yasw+ dc yatrc zraicwwnab+ dc yatrc

w`yanr%i`nrc+ dc yaw rck`tnabw 8 nkw wc iabt sbc knwtc dc gabt`gtwstnkcw" G„cwt `nbwn eìec psc zragædcbt kcw @ròa%e`mfrîonbw+psanpsc zksw dnwgrætcecbt &d`bw kcsrw z`~w knocrtngndcw cttat`knt`nrcw+ nkw abt k„fòntsdc dc i`nrc `ttcbtnab ê gc dabt nkwz`rkcbt cb zsokng+ ct `ycg psn nkw z`rkcbt." Kcw Ir`bí`nw dc kè`wwc abt eanbw ocwanb dc wc rcbdrc wcryngc estsckkcecbt ct dcwc rcbya~cr k„`wgcbwcsr zasr wsrynyrc+ nk kcsr wsiint dc w„`drcwwcr

`sv wcryngcw dc k„Ct`t 8 w`si zasr z`kncr `sv dîi`nkk`bgcw dc k„Ct`t+batèecbt cb e`tnærc d„cezkan"



490

sbc nbgaezrîfcbwnab+ gck` yasw ect cb zartc%ê%i`sv 8kcw eastabw rî`knwcbt psc yasw bc i`ntcw z`w z`rtnc ds

traszc`s+ `karw nkw w„ìiakcbt &nkw yancbt `karw cb yaswsb kasz+ ct kcw gapw sb rcb`rd. <

Ts yatcw B`tnab`knwec 1 Zst`nb+ e`nw t„cw r`gnwtc`karw ! &G„cwt k` tîkî psn kc dnt. Fabtc ê tan !Ts yatcw zasr sbc zctntc iare`tnab zakntnpsc+ zasrgabtr`rncr kc onz`rtnwec dc i`í`dc ds z`rtn sbnpsc 1E`nw t„cw gab+ í` wcrt ê rncb+ nk i`st yatcr zasr sbmr`bd z`rtn ! K` kan ds zksw iart+ k` kan dc k` e`larntî+ ~„` psc í` dc yr`n" Kîgfcr kc gsk dcw zsnww`btw&eìncsv.+ g„cwt í` k„nbtckknmcbgc"Ts yatcw z`w 1 Zst`nb e`nw t„cw `b`rgfnwtc `karw 1 T„`wz`w fabtc ! T„cw gab+ nk i`st yatcr+ eìec ok`bg+ z`rgc

psc wn t„cw z`w nbwgrnt wsr kcw knwtcw îkcgtar`kcw+ t„`sr`wz`w drant ê sb w`g dc gf`roab cb g`w dc mscrrc" Yatcr+g„cwt ìtrc k„îm`k dc tasw gcsv psn wabt `s%dcwwsw dc tan+ct eìec k„îm`k dc k„aknm`rgfnc tastc cbtnærc" G„cwt oncbwnezkc+ t„cw sb ran ps`bd ts yatcw" Ps`bd t„cw d`bwk„nwakanr+ kc eabdc w„`rrìtc dc rcwznrcr cb `ttcbd`bt dc

w`yanr gaeecbt ts t„cw zrababgî" G„cwt îgrnt d`bw k`zk`pscttc zraeatnabbckkc dc k` _îzsoknpsc Dîeagr`tn%psc dc Ir`bgc" Í` dant ìtrc yr`n !T„cw z`w e`rnî+ t„`w z`w d„cbi`bt 1 @f eab w`k`sd+ t„cwkc zksw fcsrcsv tan ! Cmaáwtc ! Ts zraintcw+ fcnb ! E`nw`karw+ psn y` z`~cr t` rctr`ntc 1



49?

T„cw gîkno`t`nrc 1 T„cw enwam~bc+ t„cw zîdî+ t„cw zîda+t„cw |aazfnkc+ t„cw bîgrazfnkc 8 t„cw sb or`bkcsr ! E`nw

`karw+ psn y` z`~cr t` rctr`ntc 1T„`w ps„sb mawwc 1 G„cwt z`w oab zasr wab îpsnknorc"I`st ksn i`nrc sb irærc as sbc wacsr" Dcsv mawwcw+ g„cwtencsv 8 ?+0 g„cwt k„ndî`k" Wn ts i`nw ps„sb mawwc+ psn y`z`~cr t` rctr`ntc 1T„`w ps`trc mawwcw 1 T„`nb+ t„`necw k` easkc tan ! Tìceec `nec k` psîpscttc" T„cw sb tr`dntnab`knwtc aspsan 1 T„`w kcw ea~cbw !T„`w gnbp mawwcw 1 Zasr kcw `kkag`tnabw fcnb ! Zasr cbi`nrc dcw gfôecsrw" E`nw `karw+ psn y` z`~cr kcsrrctr`ntc 1T„`w tranw inkkcw 1 K` y`gfc+ t„`w ds wzcrec rawc aspsan !1 Ecsf+ i`st basw i`nrc sb zctnt ecg !

Ct gaeztc| oncb wsr kcw wan%dnw`bt knorcw ct gnynknwîwIr`bí`nw dc k` Ir`bgc knorc ct knoîrîc0>:+ zasr r`zzar%tcr tasw yaw i`ntw ct mcwtcw ê kcsrw gabmîbærcw dc kÌr`bgc knorc ct knoîrîc+ ìnb zasr csv dc tr`pscr kceastab banr 8 nk cb i`st taslasrw sb+ gaeec nk i`st sb

]"G" zasr psc kcw mcbw zsnwwcbt gfncr w`bw zasrrnr dckcsr ecrdc k` wagnîtî" Kcw zstcw ds W~wtæec wabtz`rtast &z`rtast aþ w„cvzrnecbt dcw aznbnabw 8 batè%ecbt wsr kc }co ?." Tast gc psc yasw dnrc| ct icrc|+

0>: Z`r kcw @eîrng`nbw+ z`r kcsr `reîc+ z`r kcsr gnbîe`+ z`r kcsr

zarbamr`zfnc+ z`r kcsr tcgfbakamnc+ z`r kcsrw iîenbnwtcw+ z`r kcsrwzraz`m`bdnwtcw eabdn`knwtcw ct knoîr`sv…



497

`swwn `badnb psc gc want+ zasrr` ìtrc rctasrbî gabtrcyasw 8 g`r tast zcst ìtrc zcrycrtn+ yrnkkî+ dîiareî+

e`kngncswcecbt nbtcrzrîtî 8 kcw eatw+ kcw `gtcw+ kcwzcbwîcw+ kcw `ttntsdcw+ tast"Kcw zcrwabb`mcw zsokngw psn wabt kasîw+ ik`ttîw+ `dskîwz`r kcw m`kcrncw ct kcw eîdn`w+ bc kc wabt z`w z`rgc psckcsrw ps`kntîw k„cezartcbt èzkcecbt wsr kcsrw dîi`stw+e`nw sbnpscecbt z`rgc psc gck` wcrt dcw gaeecrgcw+dcw g`kgskw+ dcw nbtîrìtw" @swwn wørcecbt psc kcwndakcw wabt dîninîcw+ ckkcw zcsycbt ìtrc dnòaknwîcw"Gf`psc îkîecbt dc kcsr ync ct dc kcsr ìtrc zcst ìtrcrctasrbî ê tart ct ê tr`ycrw zasr kcw dîy`karnwcr+ kcwfsenkncr+ kcw dèbcr" Kcw ènw d„`slasrd„fsn zcsycbtìtrc kcw cbbcenw dc dce`nb" Cgr`wcr+ wasnkkcr+ dnii`%ecr+ gr`gfcr+ g„cwt gc psc iabt ê kabmscsr dc lasrbîc

kcw oardnkkcw psn t`znwwcbt gc eabdc" Ckkcw cbdsnwcbt dcgræec gcsv ps„ckkcw yabt cbwsntc trsgndcr+ dîzcgcr ctdîyarcr"@ psan wcrt%nk dc z`rkcr `ycg kcw mcbw+ csv psn bcgfcrgfcbt ps„ê w`yanr zasr zasyanr dîok`tîrcr ct zcr%wnikcr cbtrc `kgaaknpscw ct dramsîw+ csv psn r`nkkcbt kcw

ndnatw dcw ynkk`mcw oncb psc csv wancbt kcw cbi`btw dczst`nb dcw ynkk`mcw" Dc psan zcst%ab wc t`rmscr d„ìtrcdnmbc 1 Dc psckkc gabin`bgc+ dc psck èasr+ dc psckwcgrct+ dc psckkc èntnî 1 D`bw sb eabdc dc tr`ntcw+dc f`nbcsv+ dc w~gazf`btcw+ d„cbyncsv 1 Wn ab bc zcstynyrc d`bw k` z`r`baá`+ nk cwt dcw zrîg`stnabw îkîecb%

t`nrcw ê zrcbdrc+ psn bc wabt gczcbd`bt lè`nw wsiin%



494

w`btcw+ w`si ê wc zrnycr dc ync+ d„nbwasgn`bgc ct dcknocrtî"

@karw yangn+ cb `zcrís zrazf~k`gtnpsc+ kc mcbrc dczcrindcw e`bŗsyrcw psc dîzkancbt kcw zctntcw zstcwardnb`nrcw &zasr kcw mr`bdcw zstcw+ yanr kcw e`bnm`bgcwct kcw gaezkatw psn wc iaecbtcbt `s bnyc`s b`tnab`k ctnbtcrb`tnab`k+ d`bw kcw enkncsv zakntnpsc+ îgabaenpsc ctinb`bgncr. 8 ct gf`gsb dc dîgrncr dc psckkc i`íab gf`pscmraszc ctfbnpsc+ b`tnab`k+ rcknmncsv &Lsniw+ @ròcw+Ir`bí`nw+ @eîrng`nbw+ ctg".+ ¨ bnpsc ¸ kcw `strcw <Yasw `yc| sb zst`nb ir`bga%dc%z`zncr%zartsm`nwc psniòrnpsc dc i`sv oskkctnbw dc z`nc zasr `ggîdcrmr`tsntcecbt ê sbc iare`tnab rîesbîrîc `s dcrbncrw`k`nrc orst &fîocrmcecbt ct rcz`w mr`tsntw zasr kcw`ggndcbtîw ds tr`y`nk.+ iare`tnab dabt nk wc eapsc

awtcbwnokcecbt" G„cwt `ycg dcsv eanw dc rct`rd ps„nkiasrbnr` kcw dagsecbtw aoknm`tanrcw+ kc tcezw dcgaznbcr `ycg kcw sbw ct kcw `strcw+ ìnb dc kcw ecttrcd`bw k` gabindcbgc ct d„cb tnrcr dcw ¨ ts~`sv ¸+ dcwgaeonbcw+ dcw gabt`gtw stnkcw zasr rîmsk`rnwcr w`wnts`tnab" Nk cbtr`âbcr` d`bw w` ir`sdskcswc e`bŗsyrc

dcw gè`r`dcw dc iare`tnab wcrynòkcw+ ps`wn aoknmîwdc rcbdrc wcryngc wasw zcnbc d„ìtrc eabtrîw ds danmtct nwakîw ds mraszc dcw zstcw bîa%eìncswcw gaeecb„`~`bt z`w k„cwzrnt d„îpsnzc+ k„cwzrnt dc mraszc+ k„cwzrntdc iènkkc+ k„cwzrnt eìncsv &kcw kòarncsv psn bcycskcbt z`w trnecr zasr i`gnkntcr k` tïgfc dcw mk`b%

dcsrw b„abt z`w kc w`gra%w`nbt ¨ cwzrnt dc garzw ¸+ e`nw



493

gcw eìecw psn zraintcbt dcw oawwcsrw zcwtcbt dctr`y`nkkcr zasr cbtrctcbnr kcw neenmrîw." @ k„sw`mc+ gc

t~zc w„`yærcr` ìtrc sbc zctntc w`kazc psn z`wwc wcw lasrbîcw ê zcrwnikcr ct ê ecttrc wsr zncd wcw gaeonbcw`ycg k„`ndc dc gcsv ps„nk ect d`bw k` gabindcbgc zasrkcw gaezraecttrc cb zragîd`bt gaeec wcw gkncbtw babdîgk`rîw < ¨ Zsnwpsc yasw ~ ìtcw+ yasw bc zasyc| z`we„`rr`bmcr í`+ kê+ yntc i`nt 1 ps`bd yasw `src| inbnyatrc tr`y`nk+ fcnb ! Ct í`+ kê… ct í` `swwn… yankê… yaswwcrc| mcbtnk" Ecrgn" ¸ Ps`bd yasw kc ycrrc| i`nrc+ yaswyasw dce`bdcrc| i`t`kcecbt psckkc zstc zcst `yanriòrnpsî sbc tckkc zstc 8 wn gc b„cwt w` mîbntrngc+ gcdant ìtrc k` Ir`bgc ‗ cblsnyîc dnrabw kcw sbw+ èîrng`%bnwîc dnrabw kcw `strcw+ wn gc b„cwt z`rgc ps„`rònwîc ‗+as zkstôt kcw Ir`bí`nw dc k` Y`wc+ psn wc grancbt

rczrîwcbt`tniw ds Ir`bí`nw dc k` Ir`bgc zrcwtnmncswconcb ps„nkw wancbt gcsv psn k„cbmkscbt" D„cbtrîc dc lcs+ nkgaeecbgc z`r eîzrnwcr kcw mcbw wsr k` o`wc dc kcsrzf~wnpsc+ w`bw dastc z`rgc psc kcw `strcw wc wcrabt`swwn yntc rîyîkîw mamscb`rdw ê zrazaw dcw gnbpbasyc`sv &rîyîk`bt `nbwn psckkc cwzægc d„nbdnyndsw nk

irîpscbtc+ cb k„aggsrrcbgc kcw `dcztcw dc k` kan ds zkswiart+ gcsv gfc| psn kc dîbnmrcecbt+ k„fsenkn`tnab ctk„nbiîrnarnw`tnab d„`strsn i`nt z`rtnc dcw zragîdîw enwcb acsyrc zasr wc i`nrc cbikcr cb îknenb`bt k` gabgsr%rcbgc wsr kc e`rgfî ds e„`w%ts%ys+ ean l„`n k` gk`wwc+ lc



499

e„fònkkc cb Í`0>0+ lc wsnw d`bw kc ycbt ‗ dcw i`nwcsrwd„@eîrnpsc ct dc Ir`bgc+ d„èon`bgc ct dc tcbd`bgc ‗+

lc wsnw dnmbc dc z`rtngnzcr `sv gk`wwncswcw wanrîcwzrnyîcw+ dc irîpscbtcr gcsv psn abt kc zasyanr+k„nbtckknmcbgc wagn`kc dc k` lsbmkc+ gcsv psn wabt dabg¨ zkcnbw `sv `w ¸ z`rgc ps„nkw abt `wwnenkî ct enw cbŗsyrc kcw ræmkcw dc k` daenb`tnab ct dc k` wasenwwnab+dc k` iartsbc ct dc k„nbiartsbc+ z`rgc ps„nkw abt dc k`rîz`rtnc+ dc k` gabin`bgc cb wan+ ct z`w irand `sv ~csv.… tast gc psn `ttnrc kcw zstcw ct kcw oìtcw+ cbwaeec < ¨ Ts k„`w ysc+ ckkc 1 Ckkc ` sbc tìtc ! &sb `wzcgtkcwoncb. Ct ksn+ kê+ kc mraw &`s mcbrc gènabbcsr.… nkk„`sr` z`w ksn+ kc dnzkôec ! Ct ksn+ C" Ocsfrh… &kc i`kat+onbagk`rd+ dîm`rbn ct easwt`gfs Ir`bí`nw ds Bard+ `svabmkcw ct `sv zncdw banrw dc gr`wwc d`bw wcw tabmw+

`kgaaknpsc îdcbtî ê k` yanv rag`nkkcswc ct `sv gfngatwbanrw dc g`rnc 8 k„`bgncb eadækc ds e`gfa wartn dcw`bbîcw =: `st`bt psc dc zrnwab.+ nk k„`sr` z`w ksn ! ¸ Kcwcrzcbt zartsm`nw ycst+ `ycg k` k`bmsc ct k` w`knyc+r`tabbcr kc bîa%ongat ps„nk eapsc cb cwzîr`bt cvgntcrk„`bne`kntî dcw Ir`bí`nw+ psn bc kc wsnycbt z`w wzabt`%

bîecbt wsr gc tcrr`nb w`dnpsc &ê k„cvgcztnab wasrbanwcdc k„cbiksrc ok`ttc Kcz`woc`s. z`rgc ps„nkw abt `zzrnw êbc z`w ¨ dnrc tast f`st gc psc tast kc eabdc zcbwctast o`w ¸ 8 e`nw psn kc wsnycbt d„sbc arcnkkc gaezkngc+

0>0 Lc raskc cb H`bmaa ar`bmc iksarcwgcbt+ ct l„ciicgtsc ê daen%

gnkc tast tr`y`nk dc ecbsnwcrnc &lc dîoasgfc `swwn kcw y`mnbwcbmarmîw." Dnwgrîtnab `wwsrîc"



49=

yanrc kc wtneskc d„sb gasz dc k`bmsc+ ps`bd nkw wc w`ycbtê k„îg`rt dc tast tîeanb aowcry`tcsr" Z`rgc ps„nk i`st

dnrc psc kc ont`rd eîzrnwc kcw Oasmbaskw+ cb psn nkwyancbt dcw rswtrcw w`bmsnb`nrcw ê k„`wzcgt rczasww`bt+dc wardndcw zsrnt`nbw knocrtngndcw psn îmarmcbt kcwfaeecw+ gaszcbt kcw yntw+ ct cbwcycknwwcbt kcw iceecwps„nkw gkaâtrcbt wasw sb knbgcsk < ¨ Nk ` z`w dc ync+ gct~zc ! ¸ gcksn psn y` w„cbicrecr d`bw w` gfèorc zasrîtsdncr+ zcbd`bt psc k` oardnkkc zartsm`nwc y` wcdnwtr`nrc+ w„èswcr+ rng`bcr+ orag`rdcr+ cwzîr`bt psctast kc eabdc wc ecttr` ê eîzrnwcr kc wtsdncsv psn+ dcz`r wab arnmnbc+ z`wwc neeîdn`tcecbt+ d`bw k„cwzrntzrnentni ds zartsm`nw dc ecrdc+ zasr sb ganbgî dc kòntc+ sb zsrnt`nb cbicreî d`bw kcw g`rg`bw rnmndcw dck„nbtîmrnwec ct dc k„`rrnîr`tnab+ sb eîtæpsc nb`wwnen%

kòkc+ sb w`kc e`gfnb wsr psn nk i`st gr`gfcr+ znwwcr+gabgfncr" G`r zasr gc oït`rd ‗ nwws ds granwcecbtf`w`rdcsv cbtrc kc Zartsm`k ct k` Ir`bgc ‗ gaeec zasrtasw kcw zrnentniw ê k„cwzrnt trno`k psn aggszcbt 3:# dstcrrntanrc+ nk i`st wartnr ds mraszc psngabpsc b„` z`wk„cwzrnt trno`k+ k„cwzrnt dc mraszc dîinbn z`r k„ctfba%

gcbtrnwec d`bw kcpsck o`nmbc k` oardnkkc zartsm`nwc+ps`bd gc b„cwt z`w k„nbwsk`rntî ds eìnawa dc wcryngc+ ascbgarc k„`ròa%nwkènwec ds zwcsda iare`tcsr+ wn gcb„cwt k` eastabbcrnc nbwtntstnabbckkc dcw Ir`bí`nw dco`wwc%gasr"Cb gcw kncsv aþ kc rôkc ct k` zk`gc dc gcrt`nbw iare`%

tcsrw bc wabt z`w `wwc| gk`nrcecbt dîinbnw zasr ps„nkw



496

îyntcbt kcw iènkn`rntîw `ycg kcw wt`mn`nrcw+ wsr kc dawdcwpsckw nkw eîzrnwcbt kc dcyanr dc rîwcryc+ kcw

gaeeærcw zcsycbt ~ e`bmcr ds z`nb oîbn+ cb k„aggsr%rcbgc k` g`bg`bnærc zartsm`nwc+ psn tr`ntc dc w`kazcwct dc zasiin`wwcw kcw iceecw dc z`ww`mc+ tast cbw„îeasy`bt d„ìtrc zrnw ê dîi`st zasr wcw zrazaw &ct dcwc rctrasycr `nbwn nbiareckkcecbt enw ê k„nbdcv+ tr`fnz`r wab r`gnwec ct wab e`gfnwec wsnbt`bt+ gcksn%kêeìec dcw `ròa%e`mfrîonbw." G„cwt gcksn%kê psn yaswnbtcrzckkcr` cb zkcnb gasrw+ ê yanv `wwc| f`stc zasrìtrc cbtcbds dc gcksn dabt nk ycst cvgntcr k„fawtnkntî êyatrc îm`rd+ kc zrai e~tfae`bc ê k` e`bpsc ‗ kcfïokcsr psn wc t`rmsc dc tastcw kcw `ycbtsrcw+ dc taswkcw cvzkantw+ dc tastcw kcw cvzîrncbgcw0>? ‗+ gakzartcsrdc r`matw cb dîknrc &nk bc w`nt z`w ecttrc wcw aznbnabw

zakntnpscw ct r`gn`knwtcw `s ycwtn`nrc+ dîgrît`bt psnwcr` wcw i`yarnw `ndîw+ psn wcr` wcw bîmknmîw dîd`nmbîw. <¨ T„`w ys gaeecbt nk cwt 1 ksn+ kc zrai" Ts trasycw z`wps„nk cwt XgcgnU+ sb zcs gaeec XgckÙ 1 ¸ D„sb rcycrw dce`nb+ yasw o`k`ncrc| kcw zawtnkkabw `nmrcw dc w` k`bmscdc zstc gf`rmîc+ cb k„îbabí`bt wnezkcecbt < ¨ Nk cwt

gaeec í`" Nk cwt… ¸ Kc ps`kning`tni stnknwî bc wcr` z`wgabbatî bîm`tnycecbt 8 gc wcr` sb `dlcgtni psn dîgrnt

0>? Cbgarc sb ¨ `gndninî ¸ rcy`bgf`rd psn ` w`bw dastc e`k yîgsd„`yanr îtî r`nkkî dsr`bt wab cbi`bgc+ z`r kcw îgakncrw dc k` ¨ ynkkcrawc ¸ psn wc wabt gcrt`nbcecbt rnt ds gèz`mb`rd ‗ dcw `bbîcw

=: ‗ fònt`bt d`bw sbc e`nwab rswtnpsc+ `sv esrw cb tcrrc grscct `s wak cb tcrrc o`ttsc"



49>

sb tr`nt dc g`r`gtærc+ psn wc yasdr` `swwn aolcgtni psc¨ y`bt`rd ¸" E`nw k` zstc zartsm`nwc w„cvgkècr` ê

f`stc yanv+ cb wcgas`bt sbc e`nb zasr `mmr`ycr yatrczrazaw ct yasw i`nrc dnrc tast kc e`k psc yasw b„`src|z`w iareskî+ ct psc yasw `src| ê zcnbc zcbwî < ¨ Af+zst`nb+ ps„cwt%gc ps„nk ksn ` enw ! ¸ G`r ps`bd gcttc zstcnoîrnpsc bc dîbabgc z`w tck e`sy`nw z`~csr eabsecbtdc k` gf`bwab ir`bí`nwc as bc r`nkkc z`w `ycg dîmaøtk„ît`t w`bnt`nrc ds daengnkc dc tck `strc eabsecbt dsgnbîe` ir`bí`nw+ ckkc cbycbnec b„nezartc psckkc z`rakc`badnbc zasr ksn i`nrc dnrc gc ps„ckkc bc dnw`nt z`w dceîgf`bt+ ct wc dîkcgtcr dcw waeorcw `rrnærc%zcbwîcw`ww`wwnbcw psn wcrabt rîtarpsîcw &nk ` e`bnicwtcecbtzasr rîiîrcbgc gsktsrckkc k` knockknwtc tîkî%rî`kntî."Lc z`rkc ds incbtcsv zartsm`nw gaeec lc zasrr`nw z`r%

kcr ds mraw k`rd Wtczfnab Wnky~ïbc+ dc Gaeec%sb%gabwsr Dsr`bgc+ psn+ e`kmrî wab zf~wnpsc dc oøgfcrab+ wcgaezartc gaeec sbc zstc tartnkk`bt w` k`bmsc dc zstc"Ps`bd nkw iabt tasrbcr kcsr k`bmsc zasr z`rkcr+ abdnr`nt ps„nkw iabt tasrbcr sbc w`kazc d`bw sbc g`yc" Nkwwc zrîwcbtcbt gaeec dc yr`nw faeecw psn bc o`nwwcbt

z`w kc z`bt`kab+ e`nw g„cwt kcsr k`bmsc psn i`nt k` zstczasr csv 8 kcsr k`bmsc rcwwceokc ê sbc zstc psn y` ctyncbt wsr sb trattanr gr`wwcsv" Nkw w„`dabbcbt `s eìeczragîdî zcrindc dc gcksn psn yasw cbm`mc d`bw dcwgabycrw`tnabw sbnpscecbt zasr cvtr`nrc dc yaw eatwtast gc ps„nk zasrr` yasw zk`btcr d`bw kc daw+ tast gc

psn zasrr` kc gabiartcr d`bw wcw ` zrnarn+ tast gc psn



4=:

zasrr` wceokcr gabinrecr wcw dîdsgtnabw onb`nrcwd„nbgsktc y`wcsv"

D`bw gc eabdc dc zstcw ct dc oìtcw aþ tast kc eabdc¨ w„cb ect zkcnb k` mscskc ¸+ tast kc eabdc r`ynt`nkkc kceabdc dc z`wwcw d„`recw ìiøtîcw" Gaeec t`btd„`strcw+ k„nbtcwtnb`k Ir`bga%dc%z`zncr%zartsm`nw tcbtcd„nentcr cb e`kngc ct cb zcrindnc kcw grsckw ct dîd`n%mbcsv ¨ irnpsîw ¸ `sv dcbtw kabmscw ct `gîrîcw dcwenkncsv ¨ wckcgt ¸ aþ ab wc zk`nt ê îknenbcr kcw mcbtnkw+kcw eagfcw+ kcw i`nokcw ct kcw i`sgfîw cb kcw dîwtònkn%w`bt ct cb kcw e`ww`gr`bt `s ycroc 8 gc eabdc d`bwkcpsck kcw b`áiw ndakïtrcw ct kcw zctntcw zstcw gfcr%gfcbt dnkctt`btcw ê ìtrc nbtradsntw"

Yankê cbgarc k` oardnkkc zartsm`nwc psn bc e`bpsc z`wsbc agg`wnab dc dîok`tîrcr wsr kcw `ròa%nwkèa%e`mfrîonbw < ¨ Wn kcw Nwkènwtcw `y`ncbt k` oaeoc `ta%enpsc &nkw k„stnknwcr`ncbt ‗ gabtrc basw ‗. ¸… Asf+ kcweîgf`btw ! G„cwt yr`n ps„nkw abt wasycbt sbc dc gcw

mscskcw ! gaeec k` yskyc oî`btc dcw iceecw psnît`ncbt enwcw cb zrcenærc knmbc+ lèocw îg`rtîcw+ ìnbdc tcrrnincr kcw mscrrncrw zrnentniw0>7 8 e`nw wn abzrcbd ds rcgsk z`r r`zzart ê w` zrazrc ctfbnc+ abdîgasyrc ps„nk ~ ` zcs+ oncb zcs dc laknw mcbw+ oncb zcsdc lakncw iceecw+ ct tckkcecbt dc ynk`nbw faeecw

0>7 ¨ Kc wcvc dc k` iceec ¸+ dc Mîr`rd \}`bm"



4=0

rczasww`btw d„`bne`kntî" Ckkc cb dnt kabm wsr k` dnòa%knpsc ocwtn`kntî psn kcw `bnec 8 ê tcrrarnwcr sb eart cb

dîgaezawntnab" E`nw cb `ttcbd`bt psc kcw Nwkènwtcwcbw`bmk`btcbt kcw `taecw ds eabdc+ psn+ lswps„êzrîwcbt+ ` i`nt cvzkawcr+ gabtrc dcw gnynkw+ kcw wcskcw`recw bsgkî`nrcw lè`nw stnknwîcw 1 @f+ e`nw asn e`nwkcw Nwkènwtcw+ csv+ wabt dcw gaszcsrw dc tìtcw" E`nw êps`bd rceabtc k` dcrbnærc dîg`znt`tnab+ cb Ir`bgc 1Kc w`nt%nk+ kc gab dc Zartaw 1W„nk w`y`nt i`nrc sbc rcgfcrgfc îkîecbt`nrc wsrNbtcrbct+ w„nk gfcrgf`nt ê w`yanr dc psan nk z`rkc zkstôtpsc dc bc gfcrgfcr ps„ê gr`gfcr+ zcrwnikcr+ eîzrnwcr+awtr`gnwcr+ dnòaknwcr gaeec kcw zrnentniw wszcrwtn%tncsv dcw z`~w ea~cbïmcsv &as zkstôt+ bab gaeec kÌr`bgc zraiabdc+ e`nw gaeec k` Ir`bgc y`wcswc.+ nk

w`sr`nt psc k` dcrbnærc cvîgstnab ir`bí`nwc rceabtc ê0>== 8 gaeec nk w`sr`nt psc k` Ir`bgc nbiknmcr`nt kcwzcnbcw psc k„@rònc nbiknmc wn k` Ir`bgc ît`nt ê k` e`wwciareakîc zkstôt ps„ê sbc enbarntî fse`bnwtc" Nk `sr`ntd„`nkkcsrw zs wc rîlasnr dc w`yanr psc kc msnkkatnbî ît`ntsb zravîbætc e`mfrîonb ¨ gabdèbî ê k` zcnbc g`znt`kc

zasr kc ecsrtrc d„sbc lcsbc iceec dc ?0 `bw+ `zræwtranw fcsrcw dc tartsrcw+ ct zasr kc ynak `ggaez`mbîdc wîyngcw d„sbc `dakcwgcbtc dc 03 `bw ¸0>4"

0>4 fttz<ir"}nhnzcdn`"arm}nhnFènd`QDl`bdason G„cwt kê psc kcw gaezkatnwtcw w„îgrncrabt < ¨ Yankê zasrpsan kcw

neenmr`tnabbnwtcw abt òakn k` zcnbc dc eart… zasr bc z`w `yanr êcvîgstcr ê k` gf`âbc kcw tcrrarnwtcw e`mfrîonbw ct `strcw o`w`%

http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamida_Djandoubi



4=?

Nk ycst z`rkcr cb `ròc dc tartsrc ct d„`gtc dco`ro`rnc+ e`nw w`nt%nk ps„cb Ir`bgc k` gnrgabgnwnab

w`sy`mc dcw oîoîw ct dcw m`ríabbctw b„cwt z`wrîzrneîc 1 ct psc gck` bc dîr`bmc zcrwabbc+ bn kcwIr`bí`nw zrazrctw bn kcw iceckkcw dcw gnrgabgnwcsrw"Kcw o`ro`rcw wabt z`ren basw 8 wnezkcecbt cbgasr`mîwê dcycbnr gnynknwîw gaeec kcw Ir`bí`nw ‗ dc k` y`wc asdc k` ynkkc+ ds eîrntc as ds znwtab ‗+ ê kcsr r~tfec ctw`bw gabtr`nbtcw &ab bc kcsr cb dce`bdc z`w zksw.+ cbi`nw`bt estnkcr kcsrw mawwcw `sv ir`nw dc k` Wîgsrntîwagn`kc cb i`nkkntc+ ¨ zrazrcecbt ¸"@f asn+ e`nw… kcw Eswske`bw gcgn+ kcw Eswske`bw gck`…G„cwt yr`n+ kcw Eswske`bw wabt dcw mraw dîmscsk`wwcwpsn iabt dcw dîmscsk`wwcrncw ê k` eadc `bgncb%tcwt`%ecbt`nrc" D„`nkkcsrw+ ¨ gcrt`nbw ycskcbt i`nrc nbtcrdnrc

kc Gar`b+ e`nw gaeec nk wc o`wc wsr k„`bgncb tcwtècbtdcw Lsniw…¸+ kc oït okcwwc" Tast kc eabdc ostc+ wc inmcct wc okapsc 8 w`nwn d„`bmanwwc+ z`r`k~wî dc zcsr" Ct nkyncbt d„aþ+ kc Gfrnwtn`bnwec+ fcnb 1 gab dc Zartaw zwcsdagfrîtncb" Ct dabg+ kc Gfrnwt… wòrî as z`w+ Lsni asLsdîcb 1 Psck ceorasnkkènbn+ gcw rcknmnabw ¨ rîyî%

kîcw ¸ gcbwîcw dîorasnkkcr k„neoramkna dc k` ynctcrrcwtrc"Zasr kc zst`nb zartsm`nw+ tast cwt gk`nr" Nk ` cs sbcnkksenb`tnab < ¨ @f+ asn ! Wn Fntkcr b„`y`nt z`w tsî 3

bîw grnenbckw+ tscsrw dc Ir`bí`nw cb wîrnc+ gf`rmîw ps„nkw wabt dc

mîbagndcr kcw Ir`bí`nw cb kcsr zasrrnww`bt k` ync ê eart zasr wcwsowtntscr ê csv" ¸



4=7

enkknabw dc Lsniw+ k` Ir`bgc wcr`nt gabtrôkîc z`r kcwLsniw" Ab wcr`nt gaezkætcecbt daenbîw" ¸ &gnt`tnab

`zzragf`btc d„sbc rîzknpsc dabt kc tab wnmbnin`nt <¨ Fcsrcswcecbt ps„Fntkcr ` tsî 3 enkknabw dc Lsniw" 0>3.Wab gcryc`s zrnentni wc wcr` r`zzckî yatrc enwc cbm`rdc < ¨ I`nw mìic ê gc psc ts dnw wsr kcw Lsniw" Nkwwabt z`rtast" Wn ~„cb ` sb psn t„cbtcbd+ nk tc gakkc sbzragæw" ¸ &Gc ê psan ksn `y`nt rîtarpsî+ cb lanmb`bt sbzf`kkagr`tc o`rasd d„fabbcsr 8 ps„nk b„`y`nt eìec z`wksorninî dc k` oasgfc < ¨ A`f ! Ps„nkw `nkkcbt wc i`nrccb%gskcr ! ¸. @karw yasw rcbgfîrnrc| < ¨ G„cwt dîlê kcg`w ¸… kcw Lsniw abt dîlê i`nt dc k` Ir`bgc kcsr gf`wwcm`rdîc+ ct dcw fònt`btw dc Ir`bgc kcsr gfcztck+ z`wtat`kcecbt kcsrw cwgk`ycw+ nkw bc kcw abt z`w cbgarctasw gnrgabgnw+ e`nw nkw kcw abt z`rpsîw+ ct nkw kcw tncb%

bcbt cb rcwzcgt `ycg dcw m`rdncbw dc k` ear`kc+ dcweacsrw ct ds drant+ dcw cwznabw+ dcw h`zaw ct dcw mrawor`w" ¨ Cf asn… g„cwt csv psn gabtrôkcbt k` Ir`bgc ¸+rczrcbdr` T"Y"+ psn bc w„cb iare`knwc z`w z`rgc psc ksnwc wasgnc sbnpscecbt dc gc psc gck` zcst ksn r`zzartcr+inb`bgnærcecbt z`rk`bt &kc ræmbc dcw mraw wòatw

èîrng`nbw bc kc dîr`bmc z`w d`y`bt`mc+ z`w zksw psck„ndîc d„sbc mscrrc dc rcknmnabw as dc gnynknw`tnabw 8 nk

0>3 Gnbp enkknabw 1 Nk b„` z`w oncb rctcbs k` kcíab+ gabtr`nrcecbt `sgrîtnb Psnbt`dck`nd+ psn k„`wwsrc &`zzravne`tnycecbt. < ¨ Kc IrabtB`tnab`k cwt sb z`rtn r`gnwtc" Ct í` i`nt wnv enkknabw dc eartw" ¸

Wnv enkknabw+ znkc zank" Dcw farkamcrw wsnwwcw+ kcw @kkce`bdw+ `ycgkcsrw e`gfnbcw%astnkw…



4=4

b„` z`w îtî onocrabbî ê k` knpscsr rîzsokng`nbc+ e`nwz`wwòkcecbt `mscrrn `ycg k„ndîc psc k` ync cwt sbc

ksttc ê eart psc m`mbcbt kcw zksw iartw ‗ cb mscskc+ cbeswgkc as cb e`knmbntî ‗0>9." ¨ Asn e`nw… Xgc wcr`ntznrcU ¸ tcbtcr` `lastcr kc Zartsms`nw+ w`bw zasyanrdîyckazzcr+ zsnwps„nk b„` dc k` rî`kntî ps„sbc ynwnab dcgaeeærc"Nk wcr`nt w`bw dastc òswni dc dnrc psc kcw Lsniwgabtrôkcbt tat`kcecbt k` Ir`bgc &nkw abt k` oabtîd„ò`bdabbcr kcw mfcttaw rsr`sv `sv Wasgfcw.+ e`nw kci`nt cwt ps„nkw wabt `wwc| zsnwwèecbt arm`bnwîw ctdnycrwcecbt `reîw zasr i`nrc gc psn kcsr zk`nt asdîi`nrc gc psn kcsr dîzk`nt+ dc wartc psc wn k` Ir`bgcb„cwt z`w wasw k` gaszc dcw Lsdîa%i`wgnwtcw+ kcwLsdîa%i`wgnwtcw bc wabt z`w wasw k` gaszc dc k`

Ir`bgc 8 as dnt `strcecbt+ k` Ir`bgc cwt gc psc kcwLsdîa%i`wgnwtcw ycskcbt ps„ckkcw wancbt+ tast `s eanbwaiingnckkcecbt" Nk ~ ` kcw kîmnwk`tnyc+ ear`kc+ zakntnpscct inb`bgnærc |abcw dc bab%drant gaeec nk ~ ` dcw|abcw sro`nbcw dc bab%drant 8 kcw sbcw ît`bt zkstôt ê kì`ycsr dcw Lsniw+ kcw `strcw dcw Eswske`bw" K` Ir`bgc

ît`bt dc zksw cb zksw îgr`wîc z`r k` e`nb zratcwt`btcdc k„@eîrnpsc+ psn wcrrc+ wcrrc+ wcrrc kc zanbm ps„ckkct`zc wsr k` tòkc dcw zrîwndcbtw ir`bí`nw psn awcbt&zksw msærc. ksn tcbnr tìtc+ ab zcst `wwsrîecbt dnrc

0>9 Kc e`bngfînwec cwt ê wab maøt+ ksn psn t`zc ds zncd wsr kc wcsk

gôtî m`sgfc dc k„îgfnpsncr+ `s zanbt d„cb ìtrc g`rng`tsr`k ctinb`kcecbt mratcwpsc"



4=3

ps„nk bc rcwtc zksw mr`bd%gfawc dc k` Ir`bgc dcwIr`bí`nw"0>=

Kcw Lsniw ît`bt zcs baeorcsv+ kcw `strcw zsnww`bgcwzasrr`ncbt træw gcrt`nbcecbt wc knmscr gabtrc csv cbkcw knyr`bt `sv iîragcw ct dîeabn`pscw e`wwcw ocwtn`%kcw fse`baádcw 8 ê wszzawcr psc gcw zsnww`bgcw wancbtg`zòkcw dc dîz`wwcr kcsrw dniiîrcbgcw ct kcsrw dnycr%mcbgcw" E`nw kcw zstcw d„cb f`st iabgtnabbcbt gaeeckcw zstcw d„cb o`w < ckkcw wc dnwcbt nbwtnbgtnycecbt ps„nky`st encsv wc zrawtntscr `ycg wab rny`k ps`bd nk cwtzksw iart as tast `st`bt psc wan" Gck` zcrect dc i`nrcwab mr`w wsr kc daw dcw e`wwcw+ psn tc ê b„ìtrc ps„sby`kct dc f`stc yaktnmc" G`r psn+ cb f`st+ zcst `yanrcbync dc wc o`ttrc ê eart gabtrc kcw zsnww`bgcwgabwtntsîcw zasr psc ynycbt+ wc rczradsnwcbt+ wc

rîlasnwwcbt+ kcw e`wwcw ocwtn`kcw ct zst`wwnærcw+ nb%mr`tcw+ rïkcswcw+ d`bmcrcswcw+ r`gnwtcw+ zcrwnikcswcw+zcrycrwcw+ ardsrnærcw+ y`wcswcw 1 `karw psc d`bw gcwe`wwcw zskkskcbt dcw nbdnyndsw psn bc wabmcbt ps„êzrcbdrc k` zk`gc dc gcsv psn w„cbmr`nwwcbt wsr kc dawdcw e`wwcw"

0>= Kcw Lsniw bc wabt z`w sbc e`larntî+ kcw Lsdîa%i`wgnwtcw wabtsbc enbarntî+ e`nw tast dc eìec+ gc b„cwt z`w ê kcsr gsnwnbc psck„ab dant dc yanr tast kc eabdc w„`zk`tnr dcy`bt csv" Ct kc i`nt cwtps„nkw abt sbc w`grîc zrazcbwnab ê k„cbtrc wan+ wsrtast kê aþ nk i`nt

oab d„`yanr w` zk`gc < fttz<}}}0"`kkn`bgcir"gae`rtngkc%9:%?%?9%00?4"ftek

http://www1.alliancefr.com/article-60-2-26-1124.html

http://www1.alliancefr.com/article-60-2-26-1124.html



4=9

&K„nbwtntstnabb`knw`tnab dc i`nt dc k` gnrgabgnwnab e`w%gsknbc b„`zz`r`ât z`w gaeec sbc lsd`áw`tnab ct sbc

nwkènw`tnab dc k` Ir`bgc `sv ~csv dcw zstcw ct dcwoìtcw ‗ psn wsnycbt kc gasr`bt daenb`bt zasr wcrcz`âtrc d`bw wab wnkk`mc ‗+ e`nw gck` rcyncbt ê gc psckcw Ct`tw%Sbnw fsrkcbt ê k„`btnèîrng`bnwec zrne`nrc+neear`k ct rîzrîfcbwnokc+ z`rgc psc k` Ir`bgc rciswcdc yanr k` k`bmsc `bmk`nwc dcycbnr+ dc i`nt+ k` dcsvnæeck`bmsc aiingnckkc dc k` Ir`bgc" Ab awcr`nt eanbwgabtcwtcr gcttc `bare`kc èîrng`bnw`tnab+ z`rgcps„ckkc b„cwt z`w dîlê wasrbanwcecbt nbwgrntc z`w kcz`~w`mc gsktsrck ir`bí`nw z`r kc on`nw dc k` rcknmnabgfrîtncbbc &gaeec k„cwt k` gnrgabgnwnab dcw Lsniw+ ctdîware`nw dcw Eswske`bw." Wn k„`bmk`nw `y`nt îtî sbck`bmsc onoknpsc+ kcw Ir`bí`nw wcr`ncbt zcs rîir`gt`nrcw

ê dcycbnr onknbmscw ir`bí`nw%`bmk`nw"Ab w`nt gc ps„nezknpsc k„èîrng`bnw`tnab dc k` Ir`bgc ctk` mîbîr`knw`tnab dc k` k`bmsc `bmk`nwc &cb tcrec dcgf`bmcecbt dc ecbt`kntî+ dc i`íab dc zcbwcr+ dci`nrc+ ctg"." Ab w`nt e`bnicwtcecbt eanbw gc ps„ne%zknpsc k` o`b`knw`tnab dc k` gnrgabgnwnab rntsckkc e`w%

gsknbc < gc psc iabt kcw Lsniw ct kcw Eswske`bw+ psnrcycbdnpscbt dc zasyanr `wwsrcr k„nbtîmrntî dc kcsrrcknmnab+ dc kcsr gsktsrc+ dc kcsr ndcbtntî+ cb `~`bt kcdrant dc estnkcr kcw wcvcw `s eîzrnw dcw kanw ir`bí`n%wcw+ g„cwt `ttcbtcr ê k„nbtîmrntî dc k` gsktsrc ct dc k`b`tnab ir`bí`nwc"



4==

K` Ir`bgc cwt dîware`nw sb z`~w aþ+ ê gcksn psndîbabgc k` gnrgabgnwnab psn ksn abt nbiknmîc kcw Zcrycrw

ct kcw O`ro`rcw rîsbnw+ `ycg k` kïgfc gaezkngntî dc kÌr`bgc+ dcw Ir`bí`nw ct dcw zstcw dcw cezcrcsrwèîrng`nbw+ ab dnt < ¨ Ts awcw dnrc ds e`k dc batrcArdrc !1 Icrec t` mscskc+ wnbab ab tc e`ww`grc ! ¸.Kc i`nt cwt psc kc kcbdce`nb+ tast kc eabdc yaswrcm`rdcr` dc tr`ycrw &gc bc wcr` ps„sb dcw gaszw dcgastc`s ps„ab yasw `sr` zk`btî+ lasr `zræw lasr+ cbyasw i`nw`bt e`kngncswcecbt e`k yanr dc tasw+ zasrcvgntcr k„nbwtnbgt g`rb`wwncr dcw znr`bf`w ir`bí`nwt`znw d`bw kcw iabdw trasokcw dc k` zrîfnwtanrc." K`gaeeærc zartsm`nwc yasw `sr` i`nt dnrc gc psc yaswb„`src| z`w dnt 8 z`rgc psc tast gc ps„ckkc i`nt+ gcttcw`kazc+ ê kabmscsr dc lasrbîc+ g„cwt gfcrgfcr d`bw kcw

zrazaw dc psan i`nrc dcw r`matw+ dc psan g`kaebncr+gr`gfcr+ r`nkkcr+ rng`bcr+ wc eapscr" Gcttc g`tnb orsbï%trc yasw `sr` i`nt z`wwcr zasr sb `btnwîentc &sbi`stcsr dc trasokc+ sb wcecsr dc dnwgardc.+ `sv ~csvê ŗnkkærc ds gfcztck drcwwî 8 drcwwî ê òa~cr+ eardrc+dîgfnpsctcr+ `s z`ww`mc dc psngabpsc zrîwcbtc tck

`wzcgt+ tncbt tck dnwgasrw+ `daztc tck gaezartcecbt"Ct gck` zasrr`nt yasw y`kanr oncb dcw ecb`gcw &gaeecsbc cvzskwnab."Tast gc psc yasw `wwæbc gc gfncb zartsm`nw b„cwt rncbd„`strc psc dcw gaszw dc gragw dcwtnbîw ê îy`kscryatrc ynrnkntî+ yatrc rî`gtnyntî+ yatrc dsgtnkntî" Gcttc

nbgsktc zstc r`nkkcswc wc eapsc dcw rîzabwcw+ ckkc bc



4=6

i`nt ps„cbgf`âbcr kcw dîgk`r`tnabw mr`tsntcw psn bc wabtpsc dcw zrayag`tnabw+ dcw gr`gf`tw ct dcw znpscw

gaeec dcw mnikcw ct dcw gaszw dc zanbm" Wcw zragîdîwwabt gcsv dc k` tîkî `sdne`t+ psn wabt kcw zragîdîw dcwgfcrgfc%ecrdc+ dcw wîmrîm`tnabbnwtcw+ dcw ctfbagcb%trnpscw+ dcw dnynwcsrw+ psn wabt kcw zragîdîw dcw `bn%e`sv `sv k`bm`mcw bab ycro`sv &psn wc eardcbt zasrbascr sb gabt`gt zrne`nrc gaeec kcw oîoîw wc kncbt`sv ìtrcw ct `sv gfawcw cb kcw zrcb`bt `st`bt psczawwnokc d`bw kcsr oasgfc. < ckkcw bc wcrycbt ps„ê grîcrdcw gabikntw+ ps„ê i`nrc dc k` zakîenpsc+ ps„ê `knecbtcrdcw gaeeîr`mcw 8 zasr kc zk`nwnr dcw sbw ct kcgaeecrgc dcw `strcw"Gc psn wart dc k` oasgfc dc gc t~zc+ gaeec ds w`dnpsc@rb`sd D" Ok`ttc+ g„cwt dc k` ecrdc" Ct gc wabt gcsv%kê

dc psn kc yaen wart dc k` oasgfc+ dc psn k` ecrdc wartds bc|+ psn iabt mr`bd g`w d„sbc f`kntawc+ d„sb zct+ asd„sb mraw eat zasr gc psn cwt dcw mcbw dcw eîdn`wf~zagrntcw" Zasr ecwsrcr gaeoncb kcw eatw psn wartcbtdc kcsr oasgfc wabt zksw b`swîòabdw+ ardsrncrw ctecrdcsv psc gcsv dcw e`kzrazrcw+ dcw yskm`nrcw ct

dcw rswtrcw+ nk i`st ynyrc d`bw kc eabdc dc k„cwzrnt+ aþgcsv%kê+ psn wabt oncbwî`btw d`bw kc eabdc dcw zstcwct dcw oìtcw+ `zz`r`nwwcbt gaeec dcw e`kwî`btw d`bwkc eabdc dc k` lswtngc ct dc k` yîrntî+ dc k` mrïgc ct dck` yaksztî+ dc k„cwzrnt ct ds gŗsr+ dc k„fse`bntî ct dck` dnynbntî"



4=>

Wn yasw gfcrgfc| ê dîyckazzcr yatrc zrazaw zasrrîzabdrc dc e`bnærc gabwtrsgtnyc+ cb gsktny`bt gcttc

zstc ct tasw gcsv psn b„cb zcbwcbt z`w eanbw+ ab yaswzrîwcbtcr` gaeec dcw zrawîk~tcw+ dcw enknt`btw zakntn%pscw+ dcw f`rgckcsrw+ dcw e`bnzsk`tcsrw+ îycbtsckkc%ecbt gaeec dc wnezkcw gîkno`t`nrcw psn abt ocwanb dcz`rkcr z`rgc ps„nkw wc wcbtcbt wcskw0>6 8 g`r kcw grîtnbw+psn bc w`ycbt z`w gc ps„nkw iabt ‗ i`stc dc psan nkw bcicr`ncbt z`w kc dnvnæec dc gc ps„nkw iabt ‗+ bc gaezrcb%bcbt z`w gc psn wc z`wwc ps`bd+ k„`~`bt iargîc sbc ianw+dcsv ianw+ tranw ianw+ k` oantc dc Z`bdarc w„asyrc ct bcwc rcicrec zksw"D`bw k` e`wwc dc gcsv psn b„`necbt z`w gcsv psn rîyæ%kcbt kcw gfawcw+ cb kcsr zrîiîr`bt gcsv psn cbtrctncb%bcbt kcw e~tfcw rndngskcw+ kcw ecbwabmcw gaezk`nw`btw+

0>6 _î`knwc|%yasw k„nbycrwnab zst`wwnærc dcw i`ntw ct dcw rcwzabw`%onkntîw 1 Gcsv%kê psn wabt nbg`zòkcw dc w„aggszcr wcskw+ gcsv%kêpsn abt ocwanb d„ìtrc d`bw sb mraszc gk`bnpsc zasr bc z`w wasiirnreartckkcecbt dc wakntsdc+ gcsv%kê psn iargcbt+ nbtnendcbt+ f`rgæ%kcbt+ eakcwtcbt yanrc ecb`gcbt dc eart psngabpsc rciswc dc kcsrtcbnr gaez`mbnc ct dc kcsr i`nrc k` gabycrw`tnab+ wabt gcsv psn

rczartcbt wsr kcsrw wasenw kc ocwanb dc z`kòrcw ct dc gaez`mbncps„csv abt rîgkèî" Gaeoncb d„faeecw as dc iceecw `ggswcbt`nbwn k„`strc d„`yanr îtî dce`bdcsr ds r`zzart wcvsck psn cwtinb`kcecbt zrîwcbtî gaeec sb ynak 1 Gaeoncb dc zradsgtcsrw+ dcycbdcsrw+ dc zrcwt`t`nrcw dc wcryngc+ dc zakntngncbw+ dc eìncsv+yasw f`rgækcbt zasr wc ycbdrc ê yasw ct yasw iasrmscr kcsr gèc%katc+ `y`bt dc wc zawntnabbcr gaeec kcw daenb`btw+ kcw nbdnwzcbw`%

okcw iasrbnwwcsrw dc psn yasw dîzcbdc| ynt`kcecbt+ w`bw psn yaswb„ìtcw rncb ct b„`yc| rncb 1



46:

kcw `zz`rcbgcw ik`ttcswcw+ kcw nkkswnabw gabiartòkcw+kcw gabycrw`tnabw istnkcw+ nk ~ ` k` bîa%iîenbnwtc iceckkc

tasono+ psn b„`nec z`w &astrc kcw faeecw psn zrcbbcbtkcw iceecw zasr dcw nbinrenærcw e`tcrbckkcw tast cbi`nw`bt kcw e`gfaw nbi`btnknw`bt ct nbiîrnarnw`bt kcwiceecw zasr wc mr`bdnr+ w„cbrngfnr ct wc i`nrc%y`kanr êkcsr dîtrnecbt.+ gaeec oc`sgasz+ kcw E`mfrîonbw psnmîenwwcbt+ zkcsrcbt+ icnmbcbt+ wneskcbt+ zasr ¨ mr`ttcr ¸dcw `ndcw+ dcw `y`bt`mcw+ dcw zcbwnabw+ ct psn wczcrecttcbt dc wsrgraât dc grntnpscr k` Ir`bgc ct kcwIr`bí`nw+ kcsr gsktsrc ct kcsrw wcryngcw wagn`sv &ckkcdant cb yanr+ dcw g`w dastcsv psn b„abt rncb ê i`nrc d`bwk„cbdrant+ gaeec ckkc dant `yanr îgfa dcw znwtabbîw ctdcw cbmr`nwwîw psc k„ab z`nc mîbîrcswcecbt zasrknentcr kcw gabikntw nbtcrctfbnpscw ct nbtcr%gk`bnpscw. 8

gc psn k` rîyskwc d„`st`bt zksw ps„ckkc yant sb baeorcgranww`bt dc Ir`bí`nw cb wnts`tnab dc dîtrcwwc nbdnmbc+psn bc wc knyrcbt zasrt`bt z`w `s gnbîe` yngtne`nrc ctmcnmb`rd dcw @ròa%ìra%e`mfrîonbw &gcksn dcw Lsniwi`nt dîware`nw z`rtnc dc k„Fnwtanrc+ astrc ps„nkw b„abtz`w k` rîzst`tnab d„ìtrc dcw `rrnîrîw `wwnwtîw+ dc

ynakcbtw w`sy`mcw psn w„`wwancbt wsr kcw iceecw cb wcgabtcbt`bt d„`ttcbdrc sbc rîgaezcbwc dnynbc zasr kcsrwasenwwnab i`b`tnpsc ê sbc rcknmnab psn eabazaknwctastc kcsr `ttcbtnab ct neeaonknwc tastc kcsr b`tnab."G`r g„cwt wsr yasw+ kcw nbwasenw+ ps„ab `sr` `ttrnosî k`rcwzabwònkntî dcw rîgkè`tnabw ds rswtrc eabt`mb`rd+

zasr psn tast kc eabdc cwt sb i`nbî`bt psn m`mbc nbdø%



460

ecbt zksw d„`rmcbt psc ksn+ kc wszzawî mraw tr`y`nkkcsrct zksw gcrt`nbcecbt kc iargcbî tfîw`srnwcsr 8 ¨ tast

kc eabdc ¸+ z`rtngsknærcecbt kcw iabgtnabb`nrcw ct`wwnenkîw zk`bpsîw psn bc wc iaskcbt z`w"&Wn+ zasr cvzknpscr yatrc zrîwcbgc cb Ir`bgc+ yaswkcyc| kc yankc wsr k` Ir`bíìrnpsc+ wsr kc i`wgnwec êk„acsyrc dc k„aknm`rgfnc esktnb`tnab`kc ct inb`bgnærc+ wsrk` Gabwtrsgtnab csrazîcbbc as wsr kcw rcwzabwònkntîwct kcw e`bnm`bgcw dcw sbw ct dcw `strcw+ ab rctncbdr`sbnpscecbt psc yasw bc g`stnabbc| z`w k„Ardrc îtòkn+psc yasw kc gabtcwtc| 8 psc yasw ìtcw sb ycrw d`bw k`zaeec" Ct ab dnr` < ¨ Ps„cwt%gc ps„nkw abt ê wc zk`nb%drc !1 Nkw wabt lè`nw gabtcbtw ! ¸ G„cwt gc mcbrc dcwcbtnecbt psc basrrnt gcksn psn dîzkarc psc kcw @ròa%e`mfrîonbw yncbbcbt cb Ir`bgc wan%dnw`bt zasr tr`y`nk%

kcr &gc psn bc ksn zawc z`w traz dc zraokæec w„nkwo`nwwcbt k` tìtc+ icrecbt kcsr mscskc ct wabt dnwgrctw.+e`nw zasr cbwsntc+ sbc ianw nbwt`kkîw+ gaeecbgcr êzasrrnr k` ync dcw Ir`bí`nw `ycg kcsrw rcycbdng`tnabwgaeesb`st`nrcw ct kcsr zrawîk~tnwec zakntnga%rcknmncsv"Cb waeec+ ab yasw rczragfc dc i`nrc gaeec kcw Lsniw <

d„`y`bgcr gasycrtw+ dc zr`tnpscr k` dszkngntî+ dc b„cb`yanr ps„`zræw k„`rmcbt dcw Ir`bí`nw+ dc b„`yanr ps„sbc`ttnr`bgc gszndc zasr k` Ir`bgc ct kcw Ir`bí`nw+ pscyasw dîzasnkkc| cb yasw dîwnbtîrcww`bt d„csv ct cb kcweîzrnw`bt".K` gfncbb`wwc zartsm`nwc+ gaeec t`bt d„`strcw+ `

gcttc i`íab dc wc tcbnr ê zartîc dc yanv zasr w`nwnr



46?

tast gc `ycg psan ckkc zasrr` yasw zk`btcr" @ycg kcrcm`rd ynzîrnb dc k„cbbcenc psn yasw i`nt taeocr d`bw

sb znæmc+ ckkc mscttc kc i`sv z`w+ k` zfr`wc as kc eatpsn `yasc+ psn tr`fnt+ psn gabinrec kcw r`matw" Ckkc yaswcbtr`âbc wsr dcw dnwgswwnabw `ycg kcwpsckkcw ckkc ycstyasw îznbmkcr < ¨ Lc rcwwcbw zksw rncb ps`bd lc rèabc"Ps„cwt%gc psc lc zcsv i`nrc 1 ¸ K` ingckkc cwt mrawwc+e`nw kc mraw gab wc grant inb`sd" Nk grant zìgfcr `ycgds b~kab tr`bwz`rcbt+ nk zìgfc `ycg ds gard`mc dc knb"K` oardnkkc zrîtcbd yasw dce`bdcr gabwcnk zasr yaswi`nrc dnrc psc yasw `swwn+ yasw bc rcwwcbtc| zksw rncb+e`nw ê g`swc dc yatrc gnrgabgnwnab" Nk ycst yasw yanrk„`yascr `ycg fabtc 8 zasr wc wcbtnr kîmntnececbt zkswincr+ zksw baokc+ zksw ynrnk+ zksw faeec psc yasw+ zasrzasyanr dnrc psc yasw ìtcw dcw ecrdcw" Nk ycst yasw

yanr nbg`rbcr k` ynkcbnc dcw gnrgabgnwcsrw ct dc kcsrw`dcztcw" Nk ycst psc yasw tcbdnc| kc oïtab `ycg kcpscknk ycst yasw o`ttrc" Nk ycst yasw tr`ntcr gaeec dcww`bw ontc+ dcw dnenbsîw+ dcw nbiîrncsrw"Wsr gf`psc zncrrc d„`gfazzcecbt+ nk ecttr` sb gasz dczncd zasr yasw i`nrc taeocr" @nbwn+ nk icnbdr` d„cbm`mcr

sbc gabycrw`tnab ¨ cbtrc ecgw ¸+ cb `wwsr`bt+ gaeecnk ` k„fòntsdc dc gr`gfcr wsr kcw @zzîtnww`btcw ps„nkw`zzckkcbt kcw ¨ w`kazcw ¸ as kcw ¨ zasiin`wwcw ¸+ psc¨ g„cwt sbc w`kazc ckkc+ lc wsnw wør ¸+ ¨ ckkcw wabt z`wockkcw+ wcw icwwcw+ fcnb 1 ¸" Ckkc+ g„cwt k` lcsbc iceece`bnicwtcecbt `denr`tnyc dcw @bmckw dc Yngtarn`„w



467

Wcgrct0>>+ psn wc trasyc `swwn e`bnicwtcecbt ps`btntîd„nezcricgtnabw cwtfîtnpscw psn ksn iabt zcbwcr psc

yasw k` rcm`rdc| gabtnbsckkcecbt zasr yasw eapscr dcwcw eabwtrscsv dîi`stw zf~wnpscw" Ps`bd ab cwt sbgfncb rcbnikcsr d„`bsw+ ab grant ps„nk b„~ ` dc rcm`rd wsrsbc iceec psc wcvsck as zrîd`tcsr+ i`bt`we`tnpsc aszcrwnikcsr" Ct ps`bd ab cwt sbc lcsbc iceec gapscttcpsn w„ndcbtninc `sv ycdcttcw ds e`bbcpsnb`t+ cb ît`btpsatndncbbcecbt gabirabtîc ê dcw `bne`sv y`wcsv+ abzcst inbnr z`r wc wcbtnr k` zranc d„sb `zzîtnt iîragcgaeec d„nrrîzrcwwnokcw nbwtnbgtw" Tast gc psn nbtîrcwwckc e`sy`nw i`rgcsr+ g„cwt dc g`ztcr gc psc yasw dnrc|zasr kc rîzîtcr cb yasw i`nw`bt z`wwcr zasr sb enwa%m~bc 8 wn yasw b„ìtcw z`w faea+ z`w zîda+ z`w nezsnw%w`bt+ z`w gcgn ct z`w gck`+ `karw iargîecbt+ g„cwt psc

yasw b„`nec| tast wnezkcecbt z`w kcw iceecw+ `s zanbt+zcst%ìtrc+ w`bw dastc ! &g„cwt eìec wør !.+ d„ìtrc sbzrîd`tcsr wcvsck psn rcm`rdc `ttcbtnycecbt kcwiceecw `y`bt kcsr w`stcr dcwwsw"Kc wcvc i`nt rng`bcr ps`bd nk bc i`nt z`w cbync+ l`wcr+rìycr+ wasiirnr as cbgarc zkcsrcr" ¨ Tast cwt oab d`bw

kc gagfab ¸+ tast cwt gab d`bw kc wcvc" @ycg kcw gabwg„cwt znrc+ g„cwt znrc psc gab" Ct `ycg kc zarba+ g„cwt êtaeocr z`r tcrrc"Yasw yasw kcyc| zasr `kkcr gfcrgfcr sbc zaeec êmrnmbatcr" Cb tr`ycrw`bt k` w`kkc dc gasrw+ yasw rî`kn% 0>>

E`rpsc d„fònkkcecbt iîenbnb wsrtast gabbsc zasr wcw knbmc%rncw `ycg wcw Yngtarn`„w Wcgrct I`wfnab Wfa}w"

http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marque_commerciale

http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%AAtement

http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingerie

http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingerie



464

wc| psc kc wzcre`ta%zartsm`nw rcm`rdc+ `ycg sb dc wcwgabmîbærcw+ w`bw `strc wab psc gcksn dc kcsrw gaeecb%

t`nrcw+ sb inke zarbamr`zfnpsc ectt`bt cb wgæbc sbcokabdc psn wc i`nt dnk`tcr z`r sb Ok`gh" Yasw rcm`rdc|sb nbwt`bt z`rgc psc yatrc rcm`rd cwt `ttnrî+ gaeec nkzcst k„ìtrc z`r sb dîgakkctî zraiabd as sb wtrnbm psndîoardc èzkcecbt wsr kc o`w dcw rcnbw+ ct yasw zasr%wsnyc| yatrc gfcenb" Wa~c| wør psc kc ik`mckkc zarts%m`nw nrabnwcr` d`bw yatrc daw wsr kc zsrnt`bnwec ctk„`rrnîr`tnab wcvsckkc dcw mcbw dc yatrc cwzægc" Ctps`bd yasw rcm`mbcrc| yatrc zk`gc cb zrcb`bt psckpscwwcgabdcw zasr rcm`rdcr gc psn g`ztnyc t`bt kcw@nmsnkkabbîw… yasw ycrrc| kc Zartsm`nw mscttcr `ttcb%tnycecbt sbc e`bnicwt`tnab dc zsrnt`bnwec+ d`bw dcw lascw rasmncw as d`bw sb rcm`rd psn wc dîtasrbc fab%

tcswcecbt+ ìnb dc zasyanr w„cb eapscr" Nk gfcrgfcr`dc psan `wwasynr w` wani dc gaeeîr`mc cb i`nw`bt sbcw`k`dc dc tast gc ps„nk `sr` zs w`nwnr dc bab%Ir`bí`nwd`bw yatrc `ttntsdc+ d`bw yaw zrazaw+ d`bw yatrcrî`gtnab" Cb wc eaps`bt dc yatrc `ttntsdc zrîwseîci`gc `s wcvc cvzawî+ nk ycst eabtrcr ps„nk cwt sb yr`n

ir`bí`nw+ îyaksî g`r knoîrî dcw rcknmnabw g`wtr`trngcw+ksn kc Zartsm`nw nwws d„sb z`~w aþ k„`yartcecbt b„` îtîdîzîb`knwî ps„cb ?::=?:: 8 z`rgc ps„nk i`st dnrc psc kcw

?:: @yartcecbt psn+ cb Ir`bgc+ b„` lè`nw îtî `starnwî ps„cb 0>=3+ct `s iargczw+ gaeec k` zcnbc dc eart ct tast gc dabt wc

t`rmscbt kcw Ir`bí`nw zasr wc zrîy`kanr d„ìtrc zksw îyaksîw psc kcwE`mfrîonbw 8 oncb ps„nkw b„`ncbt wasycbt `sgsbc batnab dcw cblcsv



463

Ir`bí`nw dcw iabdw dc gasgfc wc grancbt knoîrîw dczsnwpsc k` zarbamr`zfnc cwt `starnwîc+ ct `swwn z`rgc psc

kc gabwseîrnwec bîa%wcvsck dc k„nbdswtrnc èîrng`nbc `cby`fn kcw zctntw îgr`bw trngakarcw &nkw zrcbbcbt k`ynrts`kntî cb zak~gfraec ct kcw wkam`bw gaweazakntcwzasr k` rî`kntî ds tcrranr ir`bí`nw+ gaeec wn kc gsk dcwIr`bí`nw%cw ît`nt gcksn psn wc d`bdnbc ê zk`t ycbtrc`ycg k„`sdne`t `s r`w dcw icwwcw."Kcw dîdsgtnabw dc gc t~zc dc gaeeærcw rcbnikcswcwd„`bsw wabt tckkcecbt graswtnkk`btcw ê kcsrw ~csvps„ckkcw kcw icrabt gabb`âtrc `sv sbw ct `sv `strcw&dcw O@G%3 `sv O@G(3.+ psn kcw zrcbdrabt zasr `rmcbtgaezt`bt+ ct psn kcw rîzætcrabt ê kcsr tasr+ ê k„nbinbn+gaeec ab zr`tnpsc k„îz`bd`mc dcw knwncrw ct dcw oascwdc wt`tnab d„îzsr`tnab" G`r lc bc w`nw z`w wn yasw `yc|

gabwgncbgc ê psck zanbt k` eantnî dcw mcbw wabt gabw"Gabw+ gabW+ gaBW+ gABW+ GABW ! E@NW GABW…E@NW GABW… E@NW GABW ! @ sb zanbt ! Yasw kcsrzîtc| d`bw k` oasgfc+ ct `swwntôt nkw yabt zrcwtcecbti`nrc ds oasgfc%ê%oasgfc ê kcsrw gabmîbærcw `wzf~%vnîw z`r kcsr ync e`rnt`kc ct wcgt`nrc" Fff``` ! Dcw

r`matw ! Fff``` ! Lc rcwznrc… lc rcynw !Nk b„~ `sr`nt z`w kncs dc yasw r`gabtcr gcw `bcgdatcw wnkc oït`rd zartsm`nw ît`nt sb sbnpsc dîi`st d`bw k`

gnynknw`tnabbckw+ g„cwt%ê%dnrc ps„nkw b„abt i`nt `sgsb tr`y`nkzcrwabbck zasr gf`bmcr kcsr gabgcztnab dcw gfawcw+ nkw b„abt i`nt

psc rcyìtnr k„fònt dcw iîenbnwtcw+ dcw fse`bnwtcw+ as cbgarc dcwrîzsokng`nbw ct dcw dîeagr`tcw+ ps„nkw bc wabt z`w"



469

zakntnpsc d„neenmr`tnab" Yasw zasrrc| `lastcr tast gcps„sb gfncb rcbnikcsr d„`bsw gaeec Www Tìtc%dc%eart

dc G`bmar wc icr` sb e`kngncsv zk`nwnr ê `kkcr r`zzartcr`sv _arambn`nw+ ìnb psc tast kc eabdc want `s gasr`btdc yaw i`ntw ct mcwtcw+ rîckw as nbtcrzrîtîw+ r`zzartîwas i`bt`weîw &z`rgc psc kcw incbtcw dc gap ycskcbttast w`yanr dc yatrc ync zrnyîc+ kcw _`wg`wwcw yaswwsrycnkkcbt+ yasw ìtcw wsr sb tcrr`nb enbî 8 ckkcw abt wnzcsr dc wc i`nrc ynakcr as dc wc i`nrc yakcr+ îmarmcr asîe`wgskcr." Kc z`r`ba gfcrgfc%ecrdc+ bab gabtcbtd„`yanr i`nt ynrcr wab ¨ gakag ¸ zasr ìtrc wcsk d`bw k`mr`bdc gfèorc dasokc &fnwtanrc dc rcgcyanr k` inkkci`gnkc wsr kc zctnt g`b`zî….+ `s zrîtcvtc psc psckps„sb`sr`nt asycrt wab ardnb`tcsr &wng.+ astrc ps„sb lcsyndîa ksn `sr`nt îtî dîraoî &nk cwt zkcnb d„fnwtanrcw+ gc

t~zc+ lc yasw dnw 8 nk wc m`yc traz dc oaae%oaaeFakk~}aad z`t`tr`w ! z`b ! z`b ! gsk%gsk.… nk nr` r`gabtcrwsr tasw kcw tantw psc yasw `yc| yakî sb ardnb`tcsr+w`bw `sgsbc zrcsyc+ zasr psc kcw dîlcgtnabw dc zstcir`bí`nwc w„cb i`wwcbt z`rtast îgfa+ `ycg sbc îyndcbtcyakabtî dc yasw bsnrc &mr`ycecbt+ cb gaezraectt`bt

yaw gf`bgcw dc m`rdcr sb cezkan." G`r k` eîzrnw`btc cteîzrnwòkc r`gksrc kægfc%gsycttc dc ]G ` îtòkn sbkncb gaezkngc dc gaeeîr`mc zcrycrwcecbt r`gnwtc `ycgwcw faeakamscw faeat~znpscw" Nk i`nt dîware`nw z`rtncd„sb rîwc`s z`r`baá`psc dc wsrycnkk`bgc ct dc dîk`tnab&psn iabt rceabtcr kcsr yaen lswps„`s zctntw `stazra%

gkèîw lsmcw dcw îmastw ‗ psn tr`pscbt kcw zctntcw



46=

ecrdcw+ z`w kcw mraw eargc`sv ‗+ z`w ê dcwtnb`tnab dcw lsmcw dc k` _îzsoknpsc dîeagr`tnpsc+ psn cvnmcbt dcw

zrcsycw gnrgabwt`bgnîcw. 8 d„sbc zctntc enkngc orsbïtrcpsn wart k` k`bmsc gaeec sb g`bab yrnkkî+ e`nw w`bwynwcr lswtc+ g`r kcsr gnokc b„cvnwtc psc d`bw kcsrzïtcswc tìtc i`rgnc dc ecrdc" Gfcenwcw orsbcw ctecrdcw e`rrab wabt d„armnc+ gc wanr"Wîo`wtncb Psnbt`dck`nd+ kc ramb`gbn`nw+ wc rcbd dabg`s gfcyct dcw Ir`bí`nw ct dcw Ir`bga%e`gfnb e`k`dcwdc k` gakabnw`tnab `ròc dc k` Ir`bgc 8 nkw `zzckkcbt êk„`ndc+ nkw fsrkcbt ê k` ba~`dc+ cbwcycknw wasw kc twsbèno`ro`rcwpsc dîgkcbgfî ê dnwt`bgc z`r kcw neenmr`%tnabbnwtcw dc e`wwc psn kcsr cbiabgcbt k` tìtc wasw k`y`wc &wasw csv. cb kcsr nbtne`bt < ¨ Icrec| yaw mscskcw+gfnatw m`kcsv+ wnbab ab yasw inbnt ê k„îtfcr ! ¸ Ct zasr

rceabtcr kc ear`k dc gcsv psn bancbt kcsr dîzrnecd`bw k„`kgaak `ycg kc wcbtnecbt ècr d„`yanr îtî ò`b%dabbîw dcw zsnww`btw dc Ir`bgc `st`bt psc w`grninîw êk„@eîrnpsc eabdn`knwtc ct esktnctfbnpsc gaeec kcoît`nk psc k„ab cbmr`nwwc `y`bt dc k„aggnrc+ nk kcsr`bbabgc ps„nk tncbt+ cbinb+ dc psan yasw cbiabgcr+ d„sb

mr`bd gasz dc e`rtc`s <¨ Lc yasw `zzartc sb gkas zasr grsgnincr k„@rtci`gt" Lck„`n rè`wwî `s iabd d„sbc zasockkc 8 nk ît`nt cbraoî dcg`g`" Psckps„sb k„` gfnî psan ! Nk cwt taeoî dc k` mscskcdcw inkw dc zstc psn gasrr`ncbt d`bw tasw kcw wcbw cb`mnt`bt kcsrw tcbt`gskcw ct cb gk`nrabb`bt < /Ab ` yakî

sb ardnb`tcsr ds Gcbtrc ! G„cwt Wzcgtrab ! Wør g„cwt



466

ksn !/ /Cf asn g„cwt ksn ! G„cwt sb kasz waknt`nrc 8 ~„` lè`nwzcrwabbc `ycg ksn zasr kc wsrycnkkcr" Ab w`nt lè`nw aþ nk

y`+ ab w`nt lè`nw aþ nk cwt" Nk cwt traz dnwgrct zasrìtrc fabbìtc"/ @karw+ oab+ csf+ l„`n z`w kc gcrtning`t dsiarmcrab+ e`nw `kkc|%~ ! fsc| wsr kcw tantw ps`bd nk wcr`grcyî dc k` e`nb dc yaw w`kcw z`ttcw gragfscw+ ps„abi`wwc sb ics dc lanc+ ê K` _asmsc+ `ycg kcw `strcwcbgskîw dc kcsr w`kc r`gc irck`tîc" Ab nbyntcr` kcsrzst`nb dc eærcw 8 ckkcw wcrabt inærcw dc kcsrw oït`rdwdc gaeeærcw" ¸— Fak`+ ecw ènw kcw zanyratw ! Ycbc| zræw dc ean+ kcwg`bgrck`tw+ yasw psn ìtcw gaeec ean kc z`r`ba+ psc lcyasw r`gabtc eab `ycbtsrc `s oast ds eabdc+ d`bw kcGsk dc k` Ir`bgc+ ê gcbt hnkaeætrcw dc kê" @zzragfc| !yasw `strcw" Wîo`wtncb kc Mr`bd y` yasw gabtcbtcr"

Ycbc| kê ! ecw zaskcw 8 lc rèæbc ds occiwtc`h ê kè`nwab" @karw… îgastc|%ean oncb ! Wîo`wtncb kcGabpsîr`bt cwt z`rtn ê k` gf`wwc" Nk ` rcbnikî+ nk ` znwtî+nk ` tcbds k„arcnkkc… ct nk ` trasyî ! Ct nk ` òa~î zasrrècstcr k` gatcrnc" ]asì+ }asì+ lc yasw dnw ! L„`nd`bw e` ocw`gc sb ostnb dc zrcenærc" Asyrc| mr`bd

yaw b`rnbcw… ct nbf`kc| !— Aaafff+ kc g`g` ! @f+ t„cw sb oab tan !— Fî%fî%fî+ ps„cwt%gc psc yasw gra~c| 1! wcrzcbtw êgarbcw ct ê wabbcttc" Lc wsnw sb oasiiab gfcrgfc%ecrdc+ ean 8 kcw basyckkcw ir`âgfcw+ lc kcw gfcrgfcd`bw kcw ocbbcw ê ardsrcw+ ct lc kcw trasyc d`bw kc

z`zncr lasrb`k psn cbyckazzc kcw îzksgfsrcw" Lc



46>

e„`zzckkc z`w Www Psnbt`dck`nd zasr rncb" Www+ www ! Kcramb`gbn`nw+ g„cwt ean ! kc gfncb trsiincr dc k„`so`mb`nw"

Kc grîtnb+ kc bn`nw+ k` oswc+ k` znbt`dc 8 kc oab gkncbt dcwzsokngnt`nrcw+ kc z`ri`nt zctnt îkcgtcsr+ kc gab dcgra~`bt ! L„`n tast `zzrnw d`bw kcw inkew èîrng`nbw 8 kcwinkew dc zw~gfaz`tfcw+ dc o`wtab+ dc g`zc+ dc wòrcct d„îzîc+ dc gasrwcw%zasrwsntcw+ dc iswnkk`dcw ctd„cvzkawnabw" Cf asn+ ecw basyc`sv ènw ! mraw cbgskîwpsc yasw ìtcw+ zctntw ynkk`mcanw dc ecrdc+ gf`ramb`rdwcbiseîw+ gabb`rdw dc yaw eartw" Yasw e„`yc| dnt < ¨ Nki`st kc wsrycnkkcr ksn" ¸ Ct ean lc wsnw sb grîtnbwsmmcwtnokc+ dabg lc wsnw rcwtî wsr ecw m`rdcw 8 ctz`rtast l„`n fskskî < ¨ Fas%fas ! Nk i`st kc wsrycnkkcr ! Nki`st kc wsrycnkkcr ! Fas%fas ! ¸ Ct ab k` wsrycnkkî+ lswpscd`bw w` gfèorc+ kc e`tnb `s rîycnk ct kc wanr `s

gasgfcr" Nk w„cwt z`wwî psckpsc gfawc+ ct eab gcryc`sdc z`wwcrc`s ` `swwntôt dîi`kpsî < ¨ F`%`f ! G„cwt ksn ! l„cb wsnw wør ¸+ z`rgc psc l„ît`nw træw zrcwwî dc ycbnryasw `zzartcr dc k„aw ê eackkc+ b„nezartc psan+ tast gcpsc lc zasy`nw trasycr" @ycg tast gc psc yasw e„`yc|dabbî ê eïgfcr+ fî ! ab w„cwt oncb rîm`kî+ `s Gcbtrc 8

ab ` tckkcecbt w`knyî ps„`ycg tasw kcw gabw dc e` r`gcab cwt dcycbs dcw zsww~ g`t"_cm`rdc| kc g`g` ps„nk ` i`nt 8 k„Czasy`bt`nk+ k„Nbtrn%ms`bt+ k` Gsrnawntî+ k„Cgf`btnkkab+ kc Wzîgnecb+ k„Cvtr`%tcrrcwtrc… batrc f`btnwc ê tasw"— E`nw+ csf+ t„cw wør psc g„cwt wab g`g` ê ksn+ csf+ gcksn

psn ` i`nt í` 1



4>:

— Acs`rff !!! Lc wsnw wør+ lc wsnw wør… `st`bt psc zcstk„ìtrc sb dîicgtscsv gfraeawaenpsc" I`st z`w traz ec

dce`bdcr+ af ! Ean lc rcbnikc kcw `bsw gr`gr`+ lcmr`ttc kc wak oascsv+ lc fsec kcw rckcbtw b`swîòabdw+ lc wsnw kc ycbt daenb`bt &kc Enwtr`k aebndnrcgtnabbckdcw i`d`w.+ ct ps`bd lc taeoc eswc`s ê eswc`s wsr dsg`g`+ lc ec zawc z`w dc pscwtnab" Lc w`nw z`w traz gcpsc l„`n trasyî+ lc w`nw z`w yr`necbt aþ l„`n enw kcb`wc`s+ e`nw lc yanw kê kc ea~cb d„`ggîdcr ê k` rcgab%b`nww`bgc wagn`kc dcw _`tw ct dcw Gfrawaeaecw+ ê k`mkanrc ct k` gîkîorntî dcw îmastncrw 8 ct zcst%ìtrceìec ê sb rôkc dc msnmbak ê k` Lahcr+ d`bw kcw trîiabdwdc Fakk~}aad" Fì !1 &\„cb zcbwc| psan 1. @karw yntc ! lce„`y`bgc+ lc ec dcy`bgc+ lc e„`btngnzc+ lc e„cvgkèc <¨ Onbma ! L„`n trasyî ! Aaaf+ lc wsnw traz oab ! Fnz !

Fnz ! Fnz ! Fasr` ean ! ¸ Lc wsnw sb rcbnikcsr d„îkntc+ean ! sb rcbnikcsr%bî+ lc yasw dnw" L„`n kc g`g` d`bw kcw`bm" Yasw `yc| ys í` 1! Kîgfcr kcw easkcw+ grapscrkcsr mrawwc ycrrsc… fî%fî+ í` ec gabb`ât"— K`nwwc|%ean yanr kc g`g` ps„nk ` i`nt+ kc dèbî 8 ean lcwsnw sb zîdaiic dîgaezkcvî… &L„`nec í`+ ean+ kc knbmc

w`kc+ kcw fnwtanrcw+ kcw ceorasnkkcw+ kcw e`masnkkcw+ kcwwcgrctw g`gfîw… @``f as`nw ! lc wsnw sb iîtngfnwtc dswknz h`bmasras" Kc orsnt dc k` rsecsr+ g„cwt ds zsroabfcsr ! G„cwt… g„cwt… g„cwt kc wab dc k„îtrab psn wasrdds rcgtse… g„cwt kc orsnt dc k` gf`wwc psn k„îy`gsc d`bwkc wnzfab wnbscsv dcw `bir`gtsawntîw gîrîor`kcw". Wbni+

wbni" Wwwwbbbbnnniiii ! F`+ ps„cwt%gc psc l„`nec wcbtnr



4>0

k„adcsr ds g`g` ! &g„cwt k„adcsr dcw gf`rambcw. Lc kczrnwc+ ean+ kc g`g` ! Af+ kc w`kazn`sd ! A`f+ znb`nwc ! lc

yasw ò`bdabbc+ kcw _`wg`wwcw" Lc y`nw tast dc mar`gabtcr ê e` iceec k„fnwtanrc fabtcswc dc gc g`g`…Gfîrnc ! eab ò`t%lasr+ e` o`rrnpsc+ e` oaboabbc+ eabtabbc`s… îg`rtc tcw mk`bdcw eèe`nrcw zrîg`bgîrcs%wcw… ts y`w ec rcwznrcr í` ! Í` y` tc dabbcr ds tabswzasr wanmbcr tab inorae~aec" Ciicsnkkc t` yskyc zasnk%kcswc+ ckkc y` wc rîm`kcr"_cm`rdc ! kc g`g` ps„nk ` i`nt+ k„îtr`bmc îtr`bmcr"— Aaafff ! Í` `karw ! @karw í`+ í` bc e„îtabbc z`w !@ycg gc mcbrc d„nbdnynds… Zast ! Zast%zast%zast%zast%zast ! Lc e„cb y`nw dc gc z`w kc eabtrcr ê k` yanwnbc !Zkase+ zkase+ zkase+ zkase…— Ct ean lc y`nw nkknga cb tasgfcr dcsv ¨ gat ¸ `s

yanwnb !Fî+ yanwnb ! Yncbw yanr kc g`g` psc l„`n zasr tan" Gat !Gat%gat%gat%gat%gat%gat !— A`f+ yanwnb ! Nk basw i`st+ dc tastc srmcbgc+ cbrîiîrcr `s ynkk`mc" @ttcbdw ! Lc y`nw gfcrgfcr k` garbcdc orsec… XGk`z zrcenærcU < A~c|+ a~c| ! Ynkk`mcanw !

ecw ènw+ kcw inkw dc zstc+ kcw gabw dc yatrc r`gc…rcm`rdc| kc g`g` gaeec nk cwt zksw g`g` psc yatrc g`g`psc yasw `yc| d`bw yatrc grïbc dc w`bmkncr m`skanw"— Af+ k`%k` ! G`b+ g`b g`b+ g`b%g`b%g`b+ g`g`+ g`b g`b+g`g`+ g`g`+ g`g` !— Cf asn ! Cf asn ! Mkasg ! Gat+ gat%gat%gat ! G`b+ g`b

g`b+ gat+ g`b%g`b%g`b ! Zast+ zast zast ! Gat+ gat%gat%



4>?

gat%gat+ g`b+ g`b g`b+ gat ! Mkasg+ mkasg%mkasg%mkasg !Zast+ zast%zast%zast%zast+ gat+ gat+ zast+ zast ! G`b+

g`b g`b+ g`b%g`b%g`b+ g`g`+ g`b g`b+ g`g`+ g`g`+ g`g` !

Ys k` ps`btntî dc gaeeærcw psn iasnkkcbt d`bw kcwìi`nrcw dcw `strcw+ ab bc zcst ps„ìtrc wsrzrnw psc kcG`wncr lsdngn`nrc bc want z`w zsokng" Gc wcr`nt `wwsrî%

ecbt zazsk`nrc" Tast kc eabdc ~ trasycr`nt e`bnicwtc%ecbt wab gaeztc" Ct gck` cb icr`nt+ dcw mcbw r`ynw dcgabb`âtrc kcw wcgrctw z`ren kcw zksw nb`yasòkcw" Yaswycrrnc| z`rtast dcw mcbw wasrn`btw+ oî`tcecbt+¨ l`sbc ¸+ cb ganb as k`rmcecbt &gaeec w„nkw ya~`ncbt êtr`ycrw kcw yìtcecbtw. 8 zfîbaeæbc dc e`wwc ps„`sgsbc

zr`tnpsc rcknmncswc b„cwt lè`nw z`rycbsc ê `ggaezknr"Nk b„cezìgfc psc z`rtast aþ sb k`rgnb wc gaeecttr` cbyatrc zrîwcbgc zragfc as kanbt`nbc+ ab yasw waszíab%bcr`+ ct sb gfncb gaeec Psnbt`dck`nd nr` cb nbiarecrg`tîmarnpscecbt kcw gfncbw _arambn`nw 8 psn `y`ncbtdîlê gaeec easknb ê r`matw dc D`sdct k„îgfak`knc d„sb

inkw dc Zncdw%banrw r`datcsr+ sb d`d`nw `kgaaknpsc+ gèî`sv zw~gfatrazcw+ ps„nk zrcbd cbtrc dcsv crr`bgcw cb`wnkc zw~gfn`trnpsc &sbc rasc ê `socw psn w„`dabbc êdcw gsrcw zw~gfa%`b`k~tnpscw dczsnw ps„nk w„cwt grèîk` mscskc cb eata+ `zræw `yanr iseî ds g`bbònw+ psn `k` zrazrnîtî dc rîyîkcr as d„cv`gcrocr sbc zrîdnwzawn%tnab ê k` wgfn|azfrîbnc." Dc eìec+ gf`psc ianw pscpsckps„sb w„cbtcbdr` dnrc z`r sb eîdcgnb ps„nk ` `ttr`zî



4>7

sb ynrsw+ wn yasw ìtcw d`bw kcw z`r`mcw+ sb gfncb gaeecPsnbt`dck`nd nr` òa~cr `sv gfncbw _arambn`nw psc yasw

ìtcw kc rcwzabwòkc gabt`mncsv dcw e`k`dncw d„`strsn 8wsrtast ps„nk `sr` zrnw zasr sbc rî`kntî kc rîgnt wsrrî`%knwtc d„sb nbdnynds waknt`nrc psn cezanwabbc yakabtncrw kceabdc lswps„ê zrayapscr k„cvtcrenb`tnab dc k„cwzægc dcycrenbc ¨ fse`nbc ¸?:0" Ct gf`gsb `lastcr` w` zckkctîdc oasc zasr yasw cbtcrrcr yny`btw+ yasw yasw i`nrccvzskwcr+ ê gf`psc g`w zasy`bt+ dc zræw as dc kanb+ìtrc r`zzragfî `ycg k` rîzst`tnab dc yasw psc kcwgfncbw _arambn`nw ct `strcw gfncbw _amb`gbn`nw `srabti`ntc+ rci`ntc ct wsri`ntc" Ct kcw _arambn`nw wc icrabtsb e`knb zk`nwnr ê yasw `ggswcr wsr tasw kcw tantw dctast gc psn kcsr `rrnycr` dc iïgfcsv 8 ê k` e`bnærc dcwwszcrwtntncsv zrnentniw+ psn `ttrnoscbt gc psn b„`kk`nt

dîlê z`w+ gaeec gc psn bc y` zksw+ ê k„`zz`rntnab d„sbzfîbaeæbc as ê k` zrîwcbgc basyckkc d„sb îtr`bmcr"Wabt yniw+ kcw Ir`bí`nw" Nkw abt kc P"N" Gcw e~wtning`%tcsrw ¨ dnòaknwcsrw ¸ dcyr`ncbt w„nbwt`kkcr cb gaazîr`%tnyc dc eîdcgnbw ya~`btw+ zsnwps„nkw wabt e`bnicwtc%ecbt g`zòkcw dc dîgckcr ê ysc d„acnk gc psc kcw

eîdcgnbw dnzkôeîw bc waszíabbcbt eìec z`w ct gc psckcw nbwtrsecbtw d„`b`k~wc bc dîtcgtcbt z`w" Nkw wabtgaeec kcw gfncbw dîtcgtcsrw dc trsiicw as dcdramscw" Csv wabt dcw gfncbw dîtcgtcsrw dc ynrsw 8 z`wnbiare`tnpscw+ nkw bc w„~ gabb`nwwcbt z`w traz cb nbiar% ?:0

¨ K„arnmnbc dc k` inb ds eabdc ¸+ ds rcgscnk dc basyckkcw V¿5%4&Cdntnabw dc k„C`s _îm`kc."



4>4

e`tnpsc+ kcsr iart ê csv+ g„cwt k` ontc ct k` gf`ttc+ kctras dc gsk ct kc g`bnyc`s+ k` zstc ct k` oìtc"

Tasw gcw e`bmc%ecrdc wabt dc oabw gkncbtw zasr kcwzsokngnt`nrcw+ kcw zakntnpscw+ kcw zraz`m`bdnwtcw+ kcwrcknmncsv" Wn kc ycroc ît`nt sb zîbnw+ nkw maocr`ncbt gcpsn wc dnt `ycg k„`bsw" Nkw wc icr`ncbt wadaenwcr tastck` lasrbîc ct nkw wc rîm`kcr`ncbt+ ct nkw cb rcdce`bdc%r`ncbt" Nk ~ ` d`bw kcsr mcbrc ds Psnbt`dck`nd psn+dîgasyr`bt `ycg cbtfaswn`wec ps„nk zcst m`mbcr 7:::csraw z`r eanw cb dcecsr`bt ê daengnkc+ gaeztc oncbrcezknr kc iaresk`nrc zasr w`yanr gaeecbt…Wn g„cwt dnrc gaeoncb baeorc dc mcbw wc k`nwwcbtnbikscbgcr z`r kcw dîr`bmîw ‗ wsrtast cv`ktîw ‗ < wsrwsmmcwtnab ds zcrindc or`bkcsr e`rag`nb?:?+ nkw yaswzaswwcbt ê yasw `wwcanr ê kcsr tòkc+ zasr psc tast kc

eabdc want cbwceokc+ ìnb dc icnbdrc sbc sbntî dci`í`dc+ sbc eîtfadc rîyakstnabb`nrc zasr sbnincr taswkcw zcszkcw dc k` tcrrc 8 ps„aiingn`knwcr` kc oncbycnkk`btiare`tcsr zrnbgnz`k+ psn `nec kcw rck`tnabw fse`nbcw ‗kcw eabd`bntîw ct kcw fabbcsrw ‗+ e`nw psn b„` psc zcs

?:? Z`rgc psc ¨ í` ‗ ec ‗ i`nt zk`nwnr dc yasw yanr tasw cbwce%okc ¸… ¨ e`kmrî tan+ kc eastab banr ¸+ `lastcr` wab rcm`rd banr ctdîd`nmbcsv ‗ dc g`kgsk`tcsr tckkcecbt eas ps„nk dant `yanr mr`bdnd`bw sb gfèz dc gf`byrc gaeec Aoîknv cwt taeoî zctnt d`bw k`zatnab e`mnpsc ‗ 8 dc w` enbòkc zctntc i`íab dc i`nrc gaezrcb%drc `sv mcbw gc ps„nk ycst kcsr nezawcr+ wn ocwanb cb è`das`bt ctcb e`bnzsk`bt tasw kcw wt`mn`nrcw zasr kcw eabtcr gabtrc kcw

rîir`gt`nrcw+ ê k` w`kazc eadc nwkèa%zît`wwc dcw gnrgabgnwcsrw+zasr psn ¨ nk i`st kc i`nrc z`rgc psc tast kc eabdc kc i`nt ¸"



4>3

kc wcbw dc k` zw~gfakamnc+ gc psn ksn icr` ìinrecr+ tastê k` inb dc k` iare`tnab+ ìnb dc y`kndcr k„nbmîbnawntî ds

zramrèec dc gabdntnabbcecbt wagna%gîrîor`k e`nwab‗ ds gìî `wwc| iart+ `ycg sb waszíab dc g`bbònbaádc ‗+ps„ ¨ nkw wabt Sb ¸?:7" Psc dnr` `karw kc dîonkcPsnbt`dck`nd+ `wwnw ê k„`strc oast 1 ¨ @ttcbtnab+ nkîgastc ! ¸ Dc psan z`rk`nt%nk+ gc dcecsrî 1 Nk `sr`nti`kks zasyanr dîgadcr wab oònk d`bw kc orasf`f`" Kci`nt cwt psc gc msnmbak nr` rîzîtcr z`rtast psc yaswîgastc| gc ps„nk r`gabtc zasr kc rîzîtcr z`rtast+ oncbpsc yasw yasw tcbnc| ê k„îg`rt dc gc t~zc ct dc wcw

?:7 ¨ Nkw wabt Sb ¸… Asn+ g„cwt í`… gaeec kcw îkîecbtw d„sbcvgrîecbt &g„cwt sbc sbntî dc ecrdc psn rîwsktc ds ora~`mc dcwnbdnyndsw+ psn b„cvnwtcbt zksw 8 cv`gtcecbt gaeec ab i`nt granrc

ps„nk ~ ` sb zcszkc SB+ ct sbc b`tnab SBC+ cb wc g`gf`bt dc tastgc psc iabt kcw sbw ct kcw `strcw+ psn tr`fnt gcttc sbntî dc i`í`dcê sw`mc cvgkswni dcw nbtîrìtw dc psn wc i nt z`wwcr zasr sbrce`rpsòkc sbning`tcsr as m`rdncb dc eastabw+ as dc psn wc ectdcw ksbcttcw rawcw dcy`bt kcw ~csv zasr wc i`nrc granrc ps„nk cwtdc b`tsrc baokc ct ps„nk ynt d`bw sbc gasr ra~`kc as sbcecrycnkkcswc iènkkc `rnwtagr`tnpsc+ z`rgc psc bî d`bw kc z`~w dsYr`n aþ kcw mcbw wabt wnbgærcecbt gc ps„nkw ìingfcbt+ w`bw

dîka~`stî ct w`bw dszkngntî."Zcst%ab ìtrc zraicwwcsr ‗ ct ìtrc ècbî ê îy`kscr dcw îkæycw ‗ps`bd ab e`bpsc ê gc zanbt dc ksgndntî 1 ps`bd nk w„`yærc ps„ab `bsk ocwanb d„cbbcenw `ycg dc tckw ¨ ènw ¸" Nk i`st e`bnicwtcecbt`yanr kc wcbw dc k` gaeîdnc+ ct ds i`sv+ wsrtast ps`bd ab wsnt kcwardrcw d„cb f`st 8 ps`bd gc b„cwt z`w z`r gaznb`mc" Inb`kcecbt+ kêaþ ab k`nwwc cbtcbdrc psc kcw faeawcvsckw wabt `bneîw z`r

k„èasr+ ab bc w„îtabbcr` z`w psc k` wadaenc want zrîwcbtîcgaeec sbc e`bnicwt`tnab d„èntnî+ ct encsv+ d„sbntî"



4>9

wnenk`nrcw+ oncb psc yasw b„`~c| rncb ê i`nrc dc wcwzawtnkkabw+ ct oncb psc gc want ksn psn want `kkî yasw

cwznabbcr d`bw yatrc ync zrnyîc+ ê gcbt hnkaeætrcw dsGcbtrc+ d„òard ê Mbab+ cbwsntc ê _ambab+ zasr `kkcrrîzîtcr gc psc yasw ~ i`ntcw &b„`~`bt rncb trasyî êMbab+ ¨ ab ¸ cwt ycbs yasw rcdce`bdcr < ¨ Aþ cwt%gcpsc ts fòntcw+ dîlê 1 ¸." G„cwt gc grîtnb psn wc gakkc êyasw zasr oîbîingncr dc yatrc `ndc &`zræw yasw `yanrzsoknpscecbt eîzrnwî d„sb ¨ trnwaenpsc ¸?:4.+ ps„nkcwzærc aotcbnr wsr k` o`wc d„sbc rîzst`tnab i`yaròkcpsn yasw ` îtî i`ntc &z`r kcw Ir`bí`nw ê k„ïec fse`nbc.+e`nw g„cwt ksn psn yasw waszíabbc dc k„cwznabbcr zasrgazncr wcw iòskcswcw ndîcw nwwscw dc wcw i`gsktîwtckkcecbt wsrb`tsrckkcw?:3 ps„nk z`wwc wab tcezw êdce`bdcr dc k„`ndc ê wcw gaez`mbabw dc dîo`sgfc

zasr zasyanr wc t`rmscr d„`yanr inbn `y`bt yasw &d„ìtrcecnkkcsr psc yasw+ dc bc z`w `yanr ocwanb dc yasw.+ ê 0=fcsrcw t`z`btcw+ lswtc ê tcezw zasr inbnr k` lasrbîc cboc`stî `y`bt d„`kkcr ¨ w„îgk`tcr ¸"

?:4 Ea~cb gk`wwnpsc zasr kcw gabw+ dc tr`ntcr kcw `strcw dc gabw+as dc trnwaenpscw+ ìnb dc wceokcr i`nrc z`rtnc dcw nbtckknmcbtw"?:3 Nk wc grant e`bnicwtcecbt d`bw kcw inkew fakk~}aadncbw ect%t`bt cb wgæbc dcw wszcr fîraw+ tckw psc ¨ Kcw 4 i`bt`wtnpscw ¸ ct`strcw ¨ V%ecb ¸" E`nw gc Wîo`wtncb P" iarec+ `ycg kc Iòncb W"+kc @rb`sd D"+ kc Laïa _" ct kc Fènd "+ kcw gnbp zctntw cbgskcsrw"Nkw yakcbt eanbw f`st+ oncb eanbw f`st" Nkw b„abt z`w dc wszcr

zasyanrw" Gc wabt lswtc dcw r`wc%eattcw zcrwnikcsrw+ dcw gfncbwrcbnikcsrw d„`bsw+ dcw eswc`sv iasnkkcsrw dc orasww`nkkcw"



4>=

Gcw k`bmscw dc zstc yasw d`socbt wsr k` o`wc dc kcsrwi`bt`wecw r`gn`knwtcw+ dc kcsrw dîknrcw zw~gfn`trnpscw+

dc gc ps„ckkcw abt cbtcbds dc yasw+ dc gc ps„ckkcw yasw`srabt wastnrî+ dc gc ps„ckkcw `srabt îgastî ê yatrcnbws… ckkcw ît`kcbt wsr k` zk`gc zsoknpsc gc ps„ckkcwgrancbt ìtrc yatrc ync wcvsckkc+ yatrc nbtnentî+ yawzcbwîcw ct yaw `rrnærc%zcbwîcw+ e`nw wn yasw r`gabtc|+gaeec lc kc i`nw+ gc psn wc z`wwc cb zrîwcbgc dc gcwcwzægcw dc m`knzatcw+ z`rtast ckkcw dnrabt < ¨ @ttcbtnab+nk r`gabtc tast ! ¸ G`r gcw zstcw ycskcbt `yanr kc rôkcwcvsck `gtni+ `karw ckkcw zcbwcbt < ¨ I`nw gc psc lc dnw+z`w gc psc lc i`nw" ¸ Kcw e`ki`nw`btw ct `strcw `zzrcb%tnw eìnawn `necbt k` kan ds wnkcbgc `zzknpsîc `sv`strcw+ e`nw ê dîi`st d„ìtrc dcw tscsrw+ zasr rîdsnrc`s wnkcbgc gcksn psn z`rkc+ nkw bc zcsycbt psc w„cezka~cr

ê dnwgrîdntcr gcksn psn b„cbtcbd z`w wc t`nrc zasr kcsrzcrecttrc dc rîmbcr cb e`âtrcw cb îgr`w`bt kcwzkcstrcw wnkcbgncsv"Zasr gabycbnr ê gcw ir`bmcw dc Ir`bgc+ yasw dcyc|ìtcw `ycsmkcw+ wasrdw+ ndnatw+ ìnb ps„ckkcw zsnwwcbtw„èswcr dc dnrc psc yasw bc ya~c| rncb+ d„cbtcbdc|

rncb+ bc gaezrcbc| rncb 8 nkw abt tckkcecbt ocwanb dc wcwcbtnr wszîrncsrw ê psckps„sb+ gcw dcsv ianw rncb" Wnyasw b„`yc| z`w k„`nr d„sbc fsâtrc+ nkw wc ecttcbt ê `yanrzcsr ct ê yasw zrîwcbtcr gaeec sbc ecb`gc ‗ dæw karwps„nkw bc zcsycbt yasw ecttrc d`bw kcsr zagfc+ yasw`yanr zasr `kknîw as zasr msndcw+ cb `gfct`bt yatrc

èntnî as yatrc oncbycnkk`bgc ‗ 8 yankê gc psc wabt kcw



4>6

Ir`bí`nw dc k` Y`wc+ gcsv psn bc wabt rncb z`r csv%eìecw+ kcw gkncbtw dc k` zakntnpsc+ dc k` zsokngntî+ dc k`

tîkî+ dcw rcknmnabw+ dcw eîdn`w dc e`wwc+ dc Fakk~}aad"@karw nkw dnrabt < ¨ @ttcbtnab+ nk îgastc ! ¸ Ct z`rtastkcw grîtnbw dc kcsr cwzægc rîzætcrabt gc psc kcwgrîtnbw gaeec Psnbt`dck`nd `srabt dîontî < ¨ Nk yanttast+ nk cbtcbd tast ! ¸ Nkw yasw dce`bdcrabt nbwtè%ecbt dc bc z`w yasw tcbnr ê k„îg`rt ds mraszc+ e`nwcbwsntc nkw dnrabt < ¨ @ttcbtnab+ nk îgastc ! ?:9 &Gaz~%rnmft kc grîtnb dc Psnbt`dck`nd 8 nbwznrî z`r kcw grîtnbwdc _arambn`nw nbwznrîw z`r sb grîtnb dc WtczfnabWnky~ïbc… Www Tìtc%dc%eart rcbnikcsr d„`bsw ct iasnkkc%zasockkc k„` t`msî wsr tasw kcw esrw+ z`rtast aþ nk cwt`kkî znwwcr < ¨ @ttcbtnab+ nk îgastc ! ¸.

Kc eaecbt cwt ycbs dc kcsr cvzknpscr+ ê tasw gcw mrawgabw+ ps„nk b„cwt z`w bîgcww`nrc d„asyrnr k` oasgfc zasrz`rkcr+ z`w zksw ps„nk b„cwt bîgcww`nrc d„asyrnr kcwarcnkkcw zasr cbtcbdrc &e`nw nk cwt bîgcww`nrc dc bc

?:9 ¨ Bc z`rkc z`w dcy`bt ksn… Lc ec ectw cb wt`bd%o~… Ab y`dcfarw 8 ts y`w ec r`gabtcr… Yankê+ g„cwt oab+ lc wsnw cb wt`bd%o~ Xgaeec d`bw kcw inkew èîrng`nbw psn e„nezrcwwnabbcbt t`bt+ean kc dcecsrî &lc k„`n e`nbtcw ianw cbtcbds+ d`bw kcw inkewd„cvzkar`tnab wz`tn`kc enknt`rnwîc+ dc k` yanv b`wnkk`rdc d„sbcazîr`trngc d„`îradraec wastcrr`nb < /@ttcbtnab+ `ttcbtnab ! @

tastcw kcw i`gtnabw ! Ecttc|%yasw cb wt`bd%o~"/ O|||" /Oncb rcís"Lc ec ectw cb wt`bd%o~"/ O|||" /Lc wsnw cb wt`bd%o~"/ O|||".U" ¸



4>>

z`w ìtrc sb mraw gab." Kcw ~csv zcsycbt ìtrc zkswciing`gcw" Ct `s%dckê kcw ~csv dc k„cwzrnt+ nk ~ ` kcw wcbw

dc k„cwzrnt"@y`bt dc zrîtcbdrc granrc cb sb dncs tast%zsnww`bt+aebnwgncbt+ g`zòkc dc wabdcr dcw ïecw+ engrawgazc ctkabmsc%ysc+ nk i`sdr`nt dîlê gaeecbgcr z`r arncbtcryatrc gabwgncbgc ycrw k` ync zw~gfnpsc+ ct zsnw zrcbdrcgabwgncbgc dcw e`bnicwt`tnabw dc k„cwzrnt+ ct rî`knwcrgc psn yncbt dcw wcbw dc k„cwzrnt" E`nw nk cwt tckkcecbtzksw i`gnkc d„nbmsrmntcr ct dc rîmsrmntcr oìtcecbt gcpsc kcw nbdnyndsw `yndcw dc Zasyanr iòrnpscbt gaeecdamecw ê z`rtnr dc gc psn cvnwtc+ as z`w 8 cb zrîtcb%d`bt ps„nk ~ ` sbc wcskc i`íab dc tasgfcr k„ ¨ cwzrntdnynb ¸+ sbc wcskc yanc dc ync wznrntsckkc zawwnokc… k`kcsr+ îyndceecbt+ as zkstôt+ gckkc ds ¨ zrazfætc ¸

ps„nkw zrcbbcbt ê tîeanb zasr kîmntnecr kcsr damec"@nbwn+ k` zragf`nbc ianw ps„sb tcrrncb `sr` i`nt sbccvzîrncbgc wznrntsckkc `wwc| nbtcbwc zasr îz`tcr k`m`kcrnc+ dcw cwzrntw dîeabn`pscw nbtîrcwwîw w„`gg`z`%rcrabt gc psn wcr` rcwwartn dc gcttc cvzîrncbgc zasrcb îtòknr sb damec" Ct yasw ycrrc| k` e`wwc mrawwnærc

w„~ `ggakcr+ zasr kc wsnyrc oìtcecbt as oncb zasrz`rt`mcr kc Zasyanr ds damec basyckkcecbt îtòkn"Yasw zasyc|+ cb dîyckazz`bt yatrc wcbw dc k„aowcry`%tnab ct yaw gabb`nww`bgcw ‗ cb ¨ wgncbgcw fse`nbcw ¸ ‗+gabwt`tcr ê psck zanbt k„fse`nb cwt sbc grî`tsrc bîyra%tnpsc+ wasycbt zw~gfatnpsc 8 tckkcecbt f`kksgnb`btc

ps„ab zasrr`nt yanr cb ckkc sbc wartc d„`bne`k yîmît`tni



3::

f`kksgnbamæbc psc gabwaeecbt dcw cbtntîw psckgabpscwzasr ¨ w„cbya~cr cb k„`nr ¸" Lc zcsv yasw `wwsrcr d„sbc

gfawc+ g„cwt ps„sb gcrt`nb zasrgcbt`mc dc Ir`b|aswcwwabt cb tr`nb dc dcycbnr iasw dczsnw psc yasw ìtcwe`wwnycecbt nezk`btîw cb Ir`bgc 8 `ycg as w`bwìiak`btc dnycrwntî+ psn cwt w`bw dastc `swwn zcrtsr%o`btc zasr kc gcryc`s zrnentni ps„sbc bsîc psckgabpscgaeec dcw tìtcw nbgabbscw psn wartnr`ncbt dc bskkcz`rt ct psn `ttnrcr`ncbt gabtnbsckkcecbt k„`ttcbtnab" K`f`swwc dcw g`w dc e`k`dncw ecbt`kcw cwt w`bw dastc êecttrc wsr kc gaeztc dc gcttc zrîwcbgc dîgabgcrt`b%tc zcrísc gaeec ecb`í`btc 8 ct zksw mîbîr`kcecbtwsr kc gaeztc ds eabdn`knwec ct dc wab or`ww`mc cteîtnww`mc mîbîr`knwî" W`bw ìtrc zw~gfn`trc+ lc eczcrectw d„ìinrecr psc k„neenmr`tnab dc e`wwc cwt sb

i`gtcsr dîgkcbgfcsr dc z`r`baá`?:= zksw as eanbw wgfn%|at~znpsc"?:6 Sbc iaskc d„`strcw zcrwabbcw dîyckaz%

?:= ¨ E`k`dnc ecbt`kc kasrdcecbt nbikscbgîc z`r k„`bvnîtî as k`zcsr+ wasycbt lswps„ê sb zanbt d„nrr`tnab`kntî ct dc dîknrc &dîknrcz`r`baá`psc." ¸ ‗ fttz<ir"}nhnzcdn`"arm}nhnZ`r`ba#G7#@I`?:6 Lc ec zcrectw dc k` dnrc+ z`rgc psc kcw zw~gfn`trcw &gaeec kè`wwc wsrbseîr`nrc dcw dnzkôeîw cb wgncbgcw fse`nbcw. b„abt z`wk„`nr dc wcrynr ê mr`bd%gfawc+ t`bt zasr cvzknpscr kcw gabwîpscb%gcw zw~gfn`trnpscw dc k` gnrgabgnwnab psc dc k„neenmr`tnab dce`wwc wsr k` b`tnab ir`bí`nwc"Kcw îgabaenwtcw wabt dîlê rîzstîw bc z`w wcrynr ê mr`bd%gfawc+`karw wn ab `lastc tasw kcw dnzkôeîw ds tranwnæec g~gkc psn wabt

rîzstîw bc z`w wcrynr ê mr`bd%gfawc+ ab zasrr` dnrc ps„nk ~ ` d`bwk„sbnycrwntî ir`bí`nwc sbc ¨ oskkc ¸ wsr kcw dnzkôecw+ sbc irîbîwnc

http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parano%C3%AFa



3:0

zcbt d„`strcw e`k`dncw zw~gfnpsc ct zw~gfawae`tnpsc"Yatrc zrîwcbgc cb Ir`bgc cwt yr`necbt sb ikî`s zasr

kcw zksw i`nokcw dcw ecrdasnkkcw ir`bí`nwcw" Cbtrc kcorsnt+ k„adcsr+ kcw yakw+ k` ynakcbgc+ k„`mrcwwnyntî+ kcwmscskcw fnrwstcw ‗ dcw dîeabn`pscw i`b`tnpscw zwcsdarcknmncsv ‗+ kc tcrrarnwec+ k„îmarmcecbt+ k` dîg`znt`%tnab+ k` gnrgabgnwnab… tast gck` ìicgtc mr`ycecbt kczw~gfnwec d„sb gcrt`nb zasrgcbt`mc dc inattcw ir`b%í`nwcw 8 t`bdnw psc gcw eìecw i`gtcsrw cvgntcbt ctd~bènwcbt kcw Ir`bí`nw kcw zksw zst`wwncrw ct ocw%tn`sv" Wn l„cb granw k„`ttntsdc dc Www Tìtc%dc%eart+ l„`lastcr`nw psc k` Tcgfba f`rdgarc ct kcw inkew fakk~%}aadncbw dc ics ct dc w`bm gabtrnoscbt ê i`nrc¨ dîl`btcr ¸ z`w e`k dc gcryc`sv zcs as z`w wtrsgts%rîw?:>" G„cwt yr`necbt z`w dce`nb psc k„ab zasrr`

e`k`dnyc dc dnzkôecw 8 sbc e`k`dnc psc k„ab `zzckkcr`+ wn ab kc ycst+k` ¨ dnzkôe`bnc gaezskwnyc gaezcbw`trngc ¸+ psn cwt sbc rîzabwcbîyratnpsc ê k` zcsr ds kcbdce`nb+ as cbgarc sbc dîyn`bgc dc k`gasrwc ê k„îgf`katc"?:> @ wab zrazaw+ lc zartcr`nw ê yatrc gabb`nww`bgc gcttc dcwgrnz%

tnab+ tast ê i`nt zcrtnbcbtc <¨ kcw zcrwabb kntîw z`r`baá`pscw wc g`r`gtîrnwcbt z`r ps`trctr`ntw iabdècbt`sv < 0" K` wsrcwtne`tnab z`tfakamnpsc dc wan%eìec 8 ?" K` eîin`bgc cvtrìec ê k„îm`rd dcw `strcw 8 7" K`wswgcztnonkntî dîecwsrîc 8 4" K` i`swwctî ds lsmcecbt" ¸ ‗fttz<ir"}nhnzcdn`"arm}nhnZ`r`ba#G7#@I`Lc yasw k`nwwc ne`mnbcr gaeecbt nk i`sdr`nt ps`knincr sbc gcrt`nbc

ir`bmc dc k` zazsk`tnab èîrng`nbc wcry`bt dc eadækc gnbîe`ta%mr`zfnpsc ct tîkîynwî ê k` lcsbcwwc ir`bí`nwc &csrazîcbbc. 8

http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parano%C3%AFa



3:?

nezartcr dcw Cvtr`%tcrrcwtrcw wsr Tcrrc zasr kcwi`nrc gafòntcr `ycg kcw Tcrrncbw"

K` Ir`bgc cwt sb oc`s z`~w dîyckazzî+ tcezîrî+ dîea%gr`tnpsc+ rîzsokng`nb+ aþ ab bc e`bpsc dc rncb+ aþ nki`nt oab ynyrc+ aþ ab ` tast zasr ìtrc fcsrcsv… e`nwkcw Ir`bí`nw wc rscbt e`wwnycecbt wsr kcw dramscwdnycrwcw ct y`rnîcw+ dasgcw ct dsrcw &tò`g+ `kgaak+g`bbònw+ zw~gfatrazcw zf`re`gcstnpscw+ gag`ábc+fîraábc+ dramscw dc w~btfæwc+ rcknmnabw+ wcgtcw+ ctg".+gaeec kcw Nr`bncbw+ fònt`btw d„sb z`~w rîmn z`r sbrîmnec nbiïec &basw dnwcbt kcw tcb`btw ds rîmnec¨ dîeagr`tnpsc ct rîzsokng`nb ¸ dc k` Ir`bgc as dck„@eîrnpsc ds Bard.+ psn wabt gcbwîw `yanr dcw r`nwabwfse`nbcecbt gaezrîfcbwnokcw dc wc dramscr zasrîgf`zzcr ê k„cbicr nwkènwtc" Gcttc rczrîwcbt`tnab dcw

gfawcw cwt%ckkc i`swwc+ cv`mîrîc 1 Wn bab+ b„~ `%t%nk z`wdcw pscwtnabw ê wc zawcr 1 wsr gc ps„cwt k` Ir`bgc+ k`ync cb Ir`bgc+ k` zazsk`tnab ir`bí`nwc+ ct kc dnwgasrwgabycbs psn ~ ræmbc"Wn yasw zcbwc| psc l„cv`mærc z`rgc psc kc gaezartc%ecbt psc l„`n dîgrnt rckæyc dc k` dîecbgc as dc

k„`rrnîr`tnab wszcrwtntncswc ds trno`knwec ìrng`nb dc kòraswwc+ yasw yasw traezc|" Z`rtast d`bw kc eabdc+ cbenkncs sro`nb gaeec cb enkncs rsr`k+ nk ~ ` dcw mcbw psnabt kcw g`r`gtîrnwtnpscw ecbt`kc ct gaezartcecbt`kc+kcw sbw dcw faeecw zrîfnwtarnpscw+ kcw `strcw dcw

gaeec d„`strcw yasw nbyntcr`ncbt ê cb icr`nt `st`bt `ycg k`zazsk`tnab lsnyc as eswske`bc"



3:7

mcbw ds Ea~cb%ïmc+ as cbgarc dcw Nbpsnwntcsrw+ ps`bdgc b„cwt z`w dcw w`sy`mcw ct dcw o`ro`rcw" Nkw bc

zrîwcbtcbt dcw tr`ntw fnrwstcw+ nkw bc zscbt z`w kcw`bne`sv w`sy`mcw+ e`nw kcsr cwzrnt ‗ zrnentni ‗ asn" Kcwdîyckazzcecbtw tcgfbakamnpscw i`swwcbt k` zcrgcztnabdc k` b`tsrc fse`nbc ct dc wab bnyc`s d„îyakstnab" Nkcwt kanb d„ìtrc zragfc+ kc tcezw psn ycrr` k„cbynrabbc%ecbt onatcgfbakamnpsc `wcztnwî eadnincr k„`wzcgt+ kcgaezartcecbt+ k` ecbt`kntî+ k` b`tsrc fse`nbc+ gaeeckc i`nt kc wakcnk wsr k` zc`s ps„nk i`nt orab|cr" K„fse`nbi`nt zksw psc lè`nw tïgfc d`bw wab cbynrabbcecbt`rtningnck"@ yatrc bnyc`s+ `~c| wnezkcecbt gabwgncbgc pscps`btntî dc r`gnwtcw ir`bí`nw dîbnmrcbt gabtnbsckkc%ecbt kcw Cvatnpscw zasr cezìgfcr kcw Ir`bí`nw dc wc

kncr d„èntnî `ycg csv+ as znrc+ d„èasr" Gc wabt dcwzcrycrw psn rckæycbt dc k` zw~gfn`trnc 8 ps`bd gc bcwabt z`w dc wnezkcw zcsrcsv dîknr`btw as dcw e`k`dcwecbt`sv psn i`bt`wecbt+ îksgsorcbt+ wc wcbtcbt zcr%wîgstîw… ct psn dcyr`ncbt ìtrc zrnw cb gf`rmc z`r kcwzw~gfatrazcw zrcwgrntw `sv zcrwabbcw `ttcnbtcw dcw

trasokcw wîrncsv dc k` zcrgcztnab ct dc k„cbtcbdcecbt+dc k` eîeanrc ct dc k„`zzrcbtnww`mc+ dcw îeatnabw ctds gaezartcecbt" @ dîi`st dc zasyanr ìtrc wcgasrswz`r k` zw~gfn`trnc+ w`gfc|%kc < kcw Ir`bí`nw dc k` Y`wcz`wwc kcsr tcezw ê gr`gfcr wsr yatrc daw zasr zcrws`%dcr kcsrw gabmîbærcw dc bc z`w irngatcr `ycg yasw+



3:4

zasr kcw cbicrecr d`bw kcsr cbdamènc+ cb yasw`ggsw`bt dc yaskanr kcw gabycrtnr ê yatrc rcknmnab"

Ps`bd dcw mcbw z`rkcbt cb yatrc bae zasr yasw i`nrcdnrc gc psc yasw b„`yc| z`w dnt+ cb zrîtcbd`bt rîyîkcryaw zcbwîcw+ yaw eatny`tnabw+ yaw èontnabw+ yaw maøtw+yaw rìycw+ yatrc eadc dc ync+ yatrc nbtnentî… ps`bd cbzksw nkw kc iabt zasr yasw dîy`karnwcr+ yasw w`knr+ yaswdniiècr+ yasw lctcr ê k` ynbdngtc+ ct nbgntcr `nbwn ê k`f`nbc r`gn`kc ct ê yatrc enwc ê eart+ lc dnw psc gcwmcbw rckæycbt dc k` zw~gfn`trnc+ ps`bd gc b„cwt z`w dck` lswtngc" Ps`bd gcsv%kê dîok`tærcbt wsr k„f~mnæbc ctk` w`btî garzarckkc dcw îtr`bmcrw+ `karw ps„csv tîean%mbcbt d„sbc f~mnæbc ct d„sbc w`btî ecbt`kc psn rckæ%ycbt d„sbc zrnwc cb gf`rmc w`bnt`nrc+ lc dnw ps„ab cwtgfc| kcw iasw" Kc ecbwabmc w~wtîe`tnpsc+ w`dnpsc ct

e`kngncsv+ cwt sbc `ttntsdc psn rckæyc dc k` zw~gfn`trnc"Ct nkw wabt baeorcsv+ kcw Ir`bí`nw psn dcyncbbcbt iaswê yatrc gabt`gt+ cb yasw ya~`bt ê k` tîkî+ cb cbtcbd`btz`rkcr dc yasw ct dc yaw `mnwwcecbtw"Yasw bc w`yc| z`w traz psn wabt kcw òrstnw dabt lcyasw z`rkc 1 Kcw yangn < dcw mraw nkw dnwcbt psc gc wabt

dcw zargw psn w„cezniircbt tastc k` lasrbîc+ dcwynakîcw nkw dnwcbt ps„ckkcw abt tr`âbîw kê aþ nk bc i`kk`ntz`w cb ît`bt fònkkîcw `ycg kcw tcbscw nb`zzrazrnîcw 8dc gcsv psn abt dcw g`rncw nkw dnwcbt ps„nkw wc m`ycbt dcwsgrcrncw ct ps„nkw bc wc k`ycbt z`w kcw dcbtw 8 dcw`ggndcbtîw ds tr`y`nk nkw dnwcbt ps„nkw abt i`nt cvzræw

dc wc okcwwcr zasr ìtrc z`~îw w`bw tr`y`nkkcr 8 dcw



3:3

zrawtntsîcw nkw dnwcbt ps„ckkcw `necbt wc i`nrc tasnkkcr 8dc gcsv psn cvfnocbt sb wnmbc awtcbt`tanrc d„`knîb`tnab

rcknmncswc nkw dnwcbt psc gc wabt dcw gra~`btw ycrtscsvycrwîw d`bw k` wznrnts`kntî 8 dcw nbiartsbîw nkw dnwcbtps„nkw abt gc ps„nkw eîrntcbt… Nk kcsr wsiint dc yanr sbcianw gc psn zcst kcw gabiartcr d`bw kcsr ` zrnarn zasrps„nkw kc mr`ycbt d`bw kc e`rorc dcw r`matw+ psn wabtzasr csv dcw z`rakcw dc yîrntî"Ct yasw w`yc| psan 1 Tastcw gcw gfnsrcw dc g`tnb `necbtdîok`tîrcr wsr kcw `strcw+ e`nw ckkcw b„`necbt z`w psck„ab dnwc d„csv gc psn kcsr dîzk`nt" Ckkcw iabt `karw sbwg`bd`kc+ sb zragæw+ sb ræmkcecbt dc gaeztc ynakcbt asw`bmk`bt" Gcttc ecbt`kntî zragædc d„sbc zrazcbwnab`bne`kc ê k` kan ds zksw+ ê k` rny`kntî+ ê k` wîkcgtnabb`tsrckkc+ ê k` zrîd`tnab+ ê k„îknenb`tnab dc gcsv psn bc

wabt z`w wan" Zasyanr lsmcr kcw `strcw w`bw ìtrc lsmîcwt kc zrnynkæmc dcw daenb`btw `spsck zrîtcbdcbt oc`s%gasz dc mcbw+ gf`gsb ê wab bnyc`s" G„cwt kc drantrîm`kncb ps„cbtcbdcbt `yanr wsr yasw oc`sgasz dcIr`bí`nw"

Ecwdècw+ ecwwncsrw… lc yasw zrîwcbtc… k` Ir`bgc !wab gsk+ w` ecrdc+ wcw gabw+ wcw ycrrscw+ wcw zncdw+ w`y`wc+ wcw nbgsktcw+ wcw dîonkcw+ wcw r`gnwtcw+ wcw `kgaa%knpscw+ wcw dramsîw+ wcw zstcw+ wcw oìtcw+ wcw ontcw+



3:9

wcw Wasgf`rdw k` zr`knbc 8 dntcw oablasr ê wab gsk+ w`tìtc cwt e`k`dc"

Gcsv dabt lc yasw z`rkc wabt kcw Ongatw ir`bí`nw psnw„nmbarcbt+ z`rgc ps„nkw wc grancbt `swwn baokcecbtrczrîwcbt`tniw dc k` Ir`bgc psc kcw dnmbcw Ir`bí`nw psniabt k` Ir`bgc îeîrntc ct psn wc eapscbt dc gcw Ongatwtrngakarcw ps„nkw abt rcezk`gîw+ d„sb rcycrw dc e`nb+z`r dcw mcbw gaeec yasw" Kcw Ongatw ir`bí`nw wcgrancbt wszîrncsrw ê yasw wnezkcecbt z`rgc ps„nkw wabtbîw cb Ir`bgc dc z`rcbtw Ir`bí`nw+ ct bab z`w z`rgcps„nkw abt gabtrnosî `s dîisbt zrcwtnmc rck`tni dc kÌr`bgc 8 gaeec wn tast gc psn b`ât cb Ir`bgc ît`ntbaokc+ gaeec wn k` Ir`bgc ît`nt baokc+ cb wan &wab wakicrtnkc+ îycbtsckkcecbt+ wab wak nbicrtnkc+ z`w ds tast."Sbc @kmîrncbbc rcy`bgf`rdc ` ps`kninî dc ¨ wasgfncbw ¸

kcw b`tnab`knwtcw ir`bí`nw ¨ dc wasgfc ¸ 8 ps`kning`tniwgnceecbt r`gnwtc psn ect tast kc eabdc d`bw kc eìecw`g ê zsgcw" Yasw `zzrcbdrc| gczcbd`bt ps„nk cvnwtcciicgtnycecbt dcw wasw%gfncbw+ g`r kcw zksw gfncbw bcwabt z`w d„cwzægc g`bnbc+ e`nw d„cwzægc en%fse`nbc" Nkb„~ ` z`w dc r`zzart dnrcgt cb k` wasgfc ct k` gfncb%

bcrnc+ e`nw nk ~ ` sb r`zzart dnrcgt cbtrc k` gfncbbcrncct sb gcrt`nb zasrgcbt`mc dc gfncbw m`kcsv ê k„`zz`%rcbgc fse`nbc+ ps„nk want dc r`gc ok`bgfc+ e`rrab+ ascbgarc banrc" Gcw gfncbw bc wabt z`w gabwndîrîw gaeecdcw eabwtrcw dc ianrc z`r kc gnrpsc tcrrcwtrc psn baswi`nt tasw lascr w` i`rgc+ e`nw kcw gfncbw ê tìtc

fse`nbc+ gc wabt oncb csv"



3:=

Yasw gabb`nwwc| k„cvgckkcbgc ir`bí`nwc+ dabt k` Ir`bgcwc i`nt kîmntnececbt zsokngntî" Yankê k` eîdnagrntî

ir`bí`nwc+ k` dîonkntî ir`bí`nwc+ k` wnenkn lsnycrncir`bí`nwc dc wasgfc+ k` wnenkn `ròntî ir`bí`nwc dcwasgfc 8 kcw nbdnmbcw rclctabw psc k` Ir`bgc g`gfc `sv ~csv ds eabdc cb bc kcsr `ggard`bt z`w dc rczrîwcb%t`tnab zakntnpsc ‗ cb k„aggsrrcbgc cvtrìec%drantnwtc ‗+z`w dc kîmntnentî wagn`kc+ z`w d„`starntî ear`kc" K`baokcwwc ir`bí`nwc b„cwt zksw+ e`nw nk rcwtc k` zst`wwczazsk`gc dîmsnwîc cb baokcwwc d„f~zcre`rgfî" G„cwtgcttc Eîdnagrntî psn tnrc k` Ir`bgc z`r kc o`w+ psn k`r`kcbtnt+ psn k` i`nt rîmrcwwcr+ ct psn cezìgfc tast kceabdc dc zramrcwwcr+ zasr bc z`w ìtrc k`rmsîc" E`nwgcttc Eîdnagrntî zrîtcbd zraintcr dc gc psc kcw zksw`y`bgîw Ir`bí`nw zcsycbt rî`knwcr" @ycg gcttc Eîdna%

grntî+ g„cwt taslasrw d„`nkkcsrw psc yncbt kc d`bmcr+ k`rcwzabwònkntî+ k` g`swc dcw i`nkkntcw ct dcw e`sv" DsIr`bí`nw+ `zz`rceecbt+ nk bc zcst ycbnr psc ds oc`s+ds oncb+ ds baokc"Gcrt`nbw Ir`bí`nw ycskcbt ynyrc d`bw kc zrcwtnmc+gaeec kcw baokcw d„sbc gasr ra~`kc" Nkw w„îycrtscbt ê

gsktnycr k„cvgckkcbgc+ k` baokcwwc+ k„`rnwtagr`tnc 8 cb wci`nw`bt z`rianw sb dcyanr dc z`~cr dcw nezôtw+ ctg"Sbc oabbc z`rtnc b„cwt ps„sb traszc`s dc eastabw psck` zcsr rcbd wsnynwtcw+ z`wwniw+ ct gabw" E`nw zasroc`sgasz+ psc wabt kcw Ir`bí`nw 1 Gc psc wabt+ zksw aseanbw+ kcw `strcw zazsk`tnabw < dcw tr`ntcw+ dcw i`sv+

dcw ir`sdcsrw+ dcw inkasw+ dcw swsrz`tcsrw+ dcw



3:6

e`masnkkcsrw+ dcw rasok`rdw+ dcw ecbtcsrw+ dcw zstcw+dcw oìtcw+ dcw `kgaaknpscw+ dcw dramsîw… Ct wn k`

zrawzîrntî dc k` Ir`bgc dîgknbc+ nkw dcyncbbcbt gc ps„nkwît`ncbt `s oab yncsv tcezw rcmrcttî aþ nkw ît`ncbtgfc| csv cb Ir`bgc+ cbtrc Ir`bí`nw < dcw nbdnyndsw war%dndcw zksw as eanbw nbgcwtscsv+ dcw e`ki`ntcsrw psni`nw`ncbt dcw rscw dc Z`rnw dcw gaszc%marmc"Gaeec kcw zctntw ya~asw ct kcw _`tw+ gcttc i`bmc`wwcgag`rdnærc ` sb gcrt`nb zasyanr dc bsnw`bgc d`bw w`zctntcwwc 8 e`nw nk w„`rrìtc `s wcsnk dcw trnosb`sv ctdcw `wnkcw zw~gfn`trnpscw &g„cwt zasrpsan ckkc nezawc k`kan ds wnkcbgc." G„cwt dc k` y`wc psn zcst yasw cbmkscr+g„cwt ds wòkc easy`bt psn zcst yasw cbwcycknr" K`nw%wc|%k` grasznr d`bw wab lsw nbicgt 8 wab dcwtnb cwt dc lascr kc rôkc dc e`rîg`mc" Ckanmbc|%yasw cb"

XO`ycttc dc onwtrat[U Nk ~ ` tast sb z`bck dc Ir`bí`nwpsn `sr`ncbt dø ìtrc cvtcrenbîw 8 dczsnw oncb kabm%tcezw dîlê" G„cwt gcttc w`kc r`gc y`wcswc psc kcwB`|nw `sr`ncbt dø m`|cr ct nbgnbîrcr ! Ckkcw `sr`ncbtoncb grèî+ gcw w`kazcrncw `kgaaknpscw+ oncb encsv psckcw waorcw"

Nk cb cwt psn `denrcbt k„ciing`gc nbmîbnawntî dcw@kkce`bdw" E`nw `karw+ zasrpsan abt%nkw i`nt orøkcr dcwmcbw psn bc oanycbt z`w d„`kgaak+ zkstôt psc dc k` oaswcpsatndncbbcecbt neonoîc 1 Bc gabb`nww`ncbt%nkw z`wk„`kksec o`rocgsc ê f~drag`rosrc 1Ct kcw Lsdîa%i`wgnwtcw `sr`ncbt dø i`nrc cb Ir`bgc gc

ps„nkw abt i`nt cb Z`kcwtnbc" Gc ps„nkw `sr`ncbt w`bw



3:>

dastc i`nt wn gck` kcsr `y`nt îtî zawwnokc" G„cwt kcdrèc psc zcsycbt gîkîorcr `bbsckkcecbt kcw cbi`btw

d„neenmrîw < dîzkarcr psc zcrwabbc b„`nt dîr`tnwî kÌr`bgc `y`bt dc kcw i`nrc b`âtrc cb Ir`bgc 8 cbbasrrnww`bt sb cwzanr wakcbbck < ¨ Sb lasr+ basw wcrabwdîo`rr`wwîw dc gcw cbi`btw dc zst`nb" Sb lasr baswzasrrabw rcwznrcr"@fk`f oanoan oasknk`" @FK@F OANOAN OASKNK@ &cbgfŗsr." ¸" Psckkc w`dnpsc zakntnpsc dc k„neenmr`tnabpsc d„nezk`btcr cb Ir`bgc dcw mcbw psn bc e`bmc z`wdc gagfab ! Zakntnpsc w`dnpsc psn wncd ê dcw e`wa%gfnwtcw `dcztcw dc k` gnrgabgnwnab" XO`ycttc dconwtratU&L„`n zrîwcbtî kcw gfawcw dc e`bnærc nezraynwîc+ e`nw lc ec tncbw ê k` dnwzawntnab+ t`bt dcw lsmcw d„nbwtrsg%

tnab psc dcw zw~gfn`trcw+ ct `ggcwwanrcecbt ds Gabwcnkdc k„ardrc dcw eîdcgnbw?0:+ zasr psc k„ab wc zcbgfc wsrkcw `mnwwcecbtw eìncsv+ zcrycrw+ r`gnwtcw+ dcw Ir`b%í`nw dabt lc yasw `n z`rkî d`bw kc g`drc psc l„`n dîgrnt"Wn yasw `yc| w~btfîtnwî k„cbwceokc dcw nbiare`tnabw+yasw ne`mnbcrc| k` rck`tnyc kasrdcsr d„sbc zragîdsrc

lsdngn`nrc+ t`bt nk ~ ` dc i`ntw ê îtòknr 8 cb `~`bt

?0: Zasr gc psn cwt dc k„arm`bnwec dc iare`tnab+ lc b„cb z`rkc z`w+zsnwpsc yasw `yc| dîlê îy`ksî yaw msnmbakw+ ìnb dc gabb`âtrc kcsrweatny`tnabw+ dabt wc zk`nmbcbt baeorc d„îkæycw &dabt gcrt`nbw+ dswcsk i`nt d„`yanr cbtcbds wc zk`nbdrc kc Ir`bí`nw%t~zc dc k` gk`wwc

zrîgîdcbtc+ wckab kc eîg`bnwec dc k` rsecsr psc kcw wsmmcwtnokcwgfcrgfcbt ê gabinrecr ct èzknincr d`bw kc eanbdrc i`nt."



30:

gabwgncbgc psc kcw tîeanbw z`rkcrabt zksw gcrt`nbc%ecbt wasw gasycrt d„`bab~e`t psc dcy`bt sb trnosb`k+

ps`bd ab yant gaeecbt nkw w„îgr`wcbt dcy`bt sb bîa%eìnawa garwc dc z`gatnkkc psn b„cwt ps„sb zctnt zcrycrwcbyncsv iaecbt`bt dcw gò`kcw ct dcw rczrîw`nkkcw ct l`kasw`bt gcsv psn wabt encsv katnw psc ksn z`rgc ps„nkwabt tr`y`nkkî lswpsc t`rd kc wanr zcbd`bt psc ksn ynd`ntdcw oastcnkkcw d„`kgaak cb nbmsrmnt`bt dcw gfèznmbabwf`kksgnbamæbcw" Nk wcr`nt w`bw dastc lsdngncsv psc dcsvas tranw zcrwabbcw `~`bt wasiicrt dc f`rgækcecbt+ dcg`kaebnc ct `strcw `ttcnbtcw ê k` ync zrnyîc dsr`bt kcsrwîlasr d`bw kc Gsk dc k` Ir`bgc+ wc rcmraszcbt zasrz`~cr sb `yag`t+ ìnb d„cbtècr dcw zasrwsntcw 8 e`nwcbgarc i`st%nk ps„ckkcw bc wc dîincbt z`w dcw `starntîw‗ gaezkngcw as rcwzabwòkcw dc kcsr e`kfcsr ‗+ ct

ps„ckkcw wc wcbtcbt wsiinwèecbt kîmntnecw cb Ir`bgczasr w„`drcwwcr ê ckkcw cb t`bt psc gnta~cbbcw".Yasw `src| ds e`k ê granrc ps„nk zsnwwc ê `yanr `st`btdc ¨ wbnzcrw ¸ ceoswpsîw psn yasw yancbt ycbnr dc kanbzasr yasw ¨ isecr ¸" E`nw g„cwt zasrt`bt kc g`w 8 gcwcr` kc g`w dæw karw psc yasw `src| îtî gnokîw+ dæw karw

ps„nkw yasw `srabt ndcbtninîw gaeec dcw gnokcw i`gnkcw+ps„nkw wsnyrabt ê k` tr`gc ct ê ysc lswps„ê zasyanr kcwdîtrsnrc" Yasw ìtcw ngn gaeec d`bw sb z`~w tat`knt`nrcaþ yasw dcyrc| yasw eîincr dc tast kc eabdc" Yaswdcyrc| zrcbdrc enkkc zrîg`stnabw `y`bt dc yasw knyrcrê psckps„sb" Yasw `yc| gczcbd`bt dcw `ndcw+ wasycbt

dcw ndîakamscw psn z`rtngnzcbt `s dîe`btækcecbt dc k`



300

b`tnab ir`bí`nwc+ z`r f`stc tr`fnwab+ garrsztnab+ asf`nbc dc wan gabdntnabbîc z`r kcw gèz`mbcw dc dîbn%

mrcecbt gabtnbsck dcw Ir`bí`nw+ z`r kcw nbgcww`btcwnbgnt`tnabw ê k` f`nbc r`gn`kc `svpsckkcw wc wabt knyrîwdcw iasrocw wòatcsrw &ps`bd gc bc wabt z`w dcw¨ mcbw dc M`sgfc ¸ psn gfcrgfcbt ê wc m`r`btnr d„nb`%knîbòkcw `y`bt`mcw wagn`sv cb kcw i`nw`bt gabb`âtrc ctrîgkècr z`r kc zksw mr`bd baeorc."@nbwn cb cwt%nk+ z`rgc psc kcw `bne`sv ir`bí`nw wabt dcw`bne`sv gaeec kcw `strcw" @ dîi`st d„`yanr cvzkarî gcps„nk ~ ` dc gaeesb ct d„sbnycrwck gfc| kcw mcbw+ êw`yanr k„cwwcbtnck+ nkw w„`tt`rdcbt wsr gc ps„nkw zcrían%ycbt dczsnw kcsr gcryc`s zrnentni < kcw `zz`rcbgcw nbwn%mbnin`btcw" G`r zasr kcw Ir`bí`nw gaeec zasr kcw`strcw+ kc zksw nezart`bt b„cwt z`w dc wc dnrc psc tast

kc eabdc cwt wcbwnokcecbt gaeec kcw `strcw &d`bw sbeabdc dc eastabw+ dc kïgfcw wsnycsrw ct d„f~zagrntcwnent`tcsrw.+ ps„nk ` zcs as zras kcw eìecw dîwnrw+ kcweìecw rìycw+ kcw eìecw ocwanbw… g„cwt dc w`yanr gcpsn dnwtnbmsc kcw mcbw cbtrc csv+ zasr zasyanr lctcrwcw ardsrcw wsr csv" Gaeec z`rtast `nkkcsrw+ `s z`~w

dc k„îm`kntî+ dc k` ir`tcrbntî+ dc k` knocrtî+ ìingfîcwe`nw wn zcs `daztîcw+ w`si cbtrc wan+ ab b„`nec z`w yanrgc psn rîsbnt+ gc psn rcbd wnenk`nrc+ ab zrîiærc w„`tt`r%dcr wsr gc psn dniiîrcbgnc+ gc psn dnynwc+ gc psn wîz`rc+gc psn zcrect dc zcrwnikcr+ dc dîbnmrcr+ dc rclctcr+eìec ct wsrtast wn g„cwt d`bw gc ps„nk ~ ` dc zksw

wszcringnck+ dc zksw fîrntî+ dc zksw wson+ dc zksw i`t`k"



30?

Yasw ya~c|… kê+ lc yasw `n z`rkî dcw Ir`bí`nw y`wcsv…e`nw bc yasw nkkswnabbc| z`w… yasw ìtcw gaeec csv"

_cm`rdc|%yasw kcw sbw kcw `strcw" Kc rcikct cwt dîiar%eî d`bw wab i`gnæw+ e`nw gc psc yasw ya~c| kcw sbw dcw`strcw cwt sbc wcskc ct eìec gfawc"E`nw+ oab… @kkc|+ lc e„cezartc ! @ycg tastcw wcw`kkîcw ct ycbscw+ tasw gcw mcbw psn yncbbcbt dc bskkcz`rt ct psn yabt ab bc w`nt aþ+ oncbfcsrcsv wabt gcsvpsn w`ycbt cbgarc psn nkw wabt+ gc ps„nkw iabt+ d„aþ nkwyncbbcbt+ aþ nkw wabt ct aþ nkw yabt" Kcw azîr`tcsrwgïokcbt ct rcgïokcbt+ gabbcgtcbt+ dîgabbcgtcbt+ rc%gabbcgtcbt+ sb rîwc`s tîkîzfabnpsc psn b„cwt bn ir`b%í`nw+ bn `ròc+ bn psan psc gc want d„`strc… zcst%ìtrcsbc cwzægc dc tîkîzfabc gaweazakntc psn bc ect z`w cbrck`tnab+ e`nw psn wc lasc dc basw+ dc basw tasw+ tasw

`st`bt psc basw waeecw+ basw psn wceokabw dcycbswkcw ingfcw ct kcw gïokcw d„sb rîwc`s wagn`k `wagn`k+ d„sbrîwc`s tîkîzfabnpsc w`bw ink ct orasnkkî" G`r basw bcwaeecw inb`kcecbt psc gc ps„ab basw dce`bdc d„ìtrc <dcw gfnez`b|îw psn znrascttcbt `ycg k` oasgfc as kcwbcsrabcw" Dcw g`bg`bnærcw+ basw bc waeecw rncb dc

zksw psc dcw g`bg`bnærcw+ ct basw i`nwabw ds orsnt"Ct ean lc yasw ceorasnkkc ! E`nw g„cwt `swwn í` kceabdc+ wsrtast eadcrbc 8 nk wc rîwsec ê í` < y`w%~ psc lc t„ceorasnkkc" Ct d`bw gc eabdc psn w„ceorasnkkc+ kcwzksw ceorasnkkîw wc rscbt ycrw gcsv psn ceorasnkkcbt+z`rgc ps„nkw wc rcgabb`nwwcbt cb csv+ ceorasnkkîw

gaeec nkw wabt"



307

D`bw kc orsnt dc iabd mkao`k+ psn wcrt ê zcrdrc kcwmcbw+ lc tcrenbcr`nw z`r sb eat psn bc wcr` z`w+ lc

k„cwzærc+ sb eat y`nb+ e`nw kc wcsk eat psn y`nkkc w`bwdastc… kc eat dc k„`gtnab 8 kc Ycroc <K` Ir`bgc wc ecsrt+ `ww`wwnbîc z`r dcw dîgnwnabw zakn%tnpscw ct zakntngncbbcw psn dcyr`ncbt y`kanr ê gcrt`nbwd„ìtrc tr`dsntw dcy`bt dcw trnosb`sv wzîgn`sv 8 batè%ecbt zasr wòat`mc as f`stc tr`fnwab" Gc b„cwt z`w dcdnv kanw bn dc das|c z`btnbw psc yncbdr` kc gf`bmcecbt+e`nw dc gf`gsb d„cbtrc basw 8 dc gc gf`bmcecbt wagna%gsktsrck yncbdr` kc gf`bmcecbt zakntnga%îgabaenpsc"Yangn+ ê eab wcbw+ kcw ps`trc ecwsrcw iabdècbt`kcw êzrcbdrc+ zasr psc k` b`tnab Ir`bgc gcwwc dc wc rabmcrdc k„nbtîrncsr ct ps„ckkc stnknwc wcw rcwwasrgcw zasrìirabtcr kc eabdc `ycg kcw `tastw psn wabt kcw wncbw <

0" Cvzskwcr kcw Nwkèai`wgnwtcw?00

?00 Ab zcst gabwndîrcr psc 0:# dcw mcbw &@ròa%e`mfrîonbw+Ir`bí`nw+ @eîrng`nbw…. gfcrgfcbt ê ¨ ynyrc d`bw k„èasr ¸ cbw„îycrts`bt ê ynyrc cb f`reabnc `ycg tast kc eabdc 8 nkw bc

rctncbbcbt dc k` rcknmnab psn kcsr ` îtî nezawîc psc kcw `wzcgtw kcweanbw ockknpscsv+ kcw eanbw o`ro`rcw+ kcw zksw rcknmncsv `s wcbwît~eakamnpsc" G„cwt kc zasrgcbt`mc wsolcgtni d„@ròa%e`mfrîonbwg`zòkcw d„`ggcztcr kcw zrnbgnzcw dc k` k`ágntî ct dc dcycbnr dcwIr`bí`nw gaeec kcw `strcw ‗ Ir`bga%csrazîcbw ‗ &psn bc wabt z`wtasw rîzsokng`nbw+ dîeagr`tcw+ k`ágw+ zramrcwwnwtcw+ fse`bnwtcw+ctg".+ ct eìec dc dcycbnr dcw Gfrîtncbw wn k„Aggndcbt z`rycb`nt ê

gaszcr kcw zabtw `ycg kc eabdc @ròa%eswske`b" Cb ît`bt mîbî%rcsv ct k`rmc d„cwzrnt+ ab zcst r`nwabbòkcecbt `ggardcr k`



304

b`tnab`kntî ir`bí`nwc ê ?3# dcw @ròa%e`mfrîonbw dc Ir`bgc&ps„nkw wancbt bîw as z`w cb Ir`bgc." @ k„azzawî+ ab zcst cwtnecrpsc 0:# dcw @ròa%e`mfrîonbw dc Ir`bgc wabt dcw Nwkènwtcw&i`wgnwtcw+ gaezkatcsrw+ f`nbcsv+ dcwtrsgtcsrw+ ockknpscsv+ dîea%bn`pscw. `ycg psn wabt cb ìinbntî ‗ zksw as eanbw nbtîmrnwtc+|îkîc+ nbgabwgncbtc+ wsnynwtc+ zrawîk~tc+ nbtîrcwwîc ‗ psckpsc 03`strc zasrgcbt" &Gc wabt gcsv%kê psn gkècbt ¨ k` Ir`bgc `sv@ròcw ¸+ gcsv%kê psn wc dnwcbt gfc| csv+ cb Ir`bgc+ gaeec gfc|csv z`rtast d`bw kc eabdc+ z`rgc ps„nkw wabt `bneîw ds eìec

cwzrnt psc kcw wnabnwtcw%gaweazakntcw%lsdîa%gfrnwtn`ba%i`wgnwtcw <nkw wc gabwndærcbt wszîrncsrw ê tasw ct dcwtnbîw ê rîmbcr wsr kceabdc" Z`rgc psc gc wabt dcw mcbw psn w„`zzrazrncbt w`bwycrmambc+ wørw dc kcsr oab drant+ tast gc psn kcw `rr`bmc gaeectasw kcw kncsv aþ nkw wc trasycbt" Yasw kcw cbya~c| wsr k` Ksbc+ nkwwc dnrabt gfc| csv+ fîrntncrw dc k` Ksbc ds wcsk i`nt dc kcsrrcknmnab" Gc wabt gcsv%kê psn nezawcbt k` gnrgabgnwnab ê tasw+ psnrîmnwwcbt k` ync dcw `strcw+ gcsv%kê psn w„`zzrazrncbt kcw yncwgaeec kcw oncbw+ `ycg k` zcrwnwt`bgc yar`gntî dcw zrîd`tcsrw". Gcwabt dabg psckpsc ?3# dcw @ròa%e`mfrîonbw dc Ir`bgc psndcyr`ncbt ìtrc zsrcecbt ct wnezkcecbt cvzskwîw dc Ir`bgc &kcwsbw+ nkknga zrcwta+ kcw sbw `s eanbdrc `mnwwcecbt grnenbck.+ z`rgcpsc gc wabt dcw cbbcenw dc k` Ir`bgc+ dcw bsnwnokcw+ dcwi`rdc`sv" Kcw 3:# rcwt`bt gabwtntscbt k` e`wwc eastabbnærc+ dcgsktsrc+ dc ecbt`kntî+ dc eŗsrw+ dc rcknmnab `ròa%eswske`bc

gaeec k` e`wwc eastabbnærc ir`bga%csrazîcbbc cwt dc gsktsrc+dc ecbt`kntî+ dc eŗsrw+ dc rcknmnab &lsdîa%.gfrîtncbbc 8 gf`gsbcwc wcbt`bt `swwn îtr`bmærc dc k„`strc+ gf`gsbc gfcrgf`bt ê ynyrc êk„îg`rt dc k„`strc" Gcw 3:# bc dcyr`ncbt z`w dnwzawcr dc k`b`tnab`kntî ir`bí`nwc+ e`nw wnezkcecbt d„sb tntrc dc wîlasr dcgasrtc ct ea~cbbc dsrîc+ îycbtsckkcecbt rcbasyckòkc+ zasr ps„nkwi`wwcbt kcsr ync ct ps„nkw iabdcbt kcsr iènkkc d`bw kcsr z`~wd„arnmnbc+ cb bc wîlasrb`bt cb Ir`bgc psc zasr dcw r`nwabwzraicwwnabbckkcw as tasrnwtnpscw 8 gcw 3:# bc dcyncbdrabt z`w



303

?" Cvzskwcr kcw Lsdîai`wgnwtcw?0? 7" Nbtcrdnrc k` zr`tnpsc dc k` gnrgabgnwnab rntsckkc?07

zksw Ir`bí`nw d`bw k„ïec psc kcw Ir`bí`nw yny`bt cb @irnpsc bcdcyncbdrabt lè`nw dcw @irng`nbw d`bw k„ïec &tast `s zksw+ `s oastdc zkswncsrw wnægkcw+ `s tcrec d„sb e`ww`grc wastcbs dc tastcwkcw gsktsrcw+ dcyncbdrabt%nkw kcw nbmrîdncbtw d„sbc oasnkkò`nwwci`ntc dc zanwwabw fse`nbw psn maocbt+ îdcbtîw."Tckkc dcyr`nt ìtrc sbc zakntnpsc dc k„neenmr`tnab w`nbc+ bare`kc+

kîmntnec+ wcbwîc 8 psn bc ynwcr`nt z`w ê gaeecttrc sb mîbagndcwasrbanw dc k` zazsk`tnab `stagftabc" E`nw yankê+ kcw ?3# ‗ zksw aseanbw arm`bnwîw ct wsrtast dîgndîw ‗ psn yncbbcbt cb Ir`bgc zasr ~ wîynr+ ct psn dcyr`ncbt ìtrc cvzskwîw+ wabt zcs as zras kcweìecw psn ornmscbt kc Zasyanr+ kc zrcbbcbt as k„abt zrnw+ d`bw kcsrz`~w d„arnmnbc" Kcw Ir`bí`nw zcsycbt dabg gaeztcr wsr kc Zasyanrdc k` Ir`bgc zasr rcecttrc ê kcsr zk`gc kcsrw wnenkn faeakamscw

nezartîw z`r kcsrw wanbw…?0? Ps`bt `sv Gfrnwtn`ba%i`wgnwtcw+ bawt`kmnpscw ds Ea~cb%ïmc+psn b„abt ds Gfrnwtn`bnwec psc d`bw k` oasgfc ct k„`zz`r`t+ nkwdcyrabt ìtrc gabtcbsw+ ct wn ocwanb cbya~îw i`nrc k` mscrrc `sv@kkce`bdw+ `sv @bmk`nw+ `sv @eîrng`nbw+ `sv Gfnbanw… `sv Cvtr`%tcrrcwtrcw+ ps„nkw bc e`bpscrabt z`w dc wc rcecttrc ê iswtnmcrps`bd nkw b„`srabt zksw dc Eswske`bw bn dc Lsniw wsr psn cvgntcrkcsr `bne`kntî 8 ct zsnw cbwsntc nk i`sdr` kcw k`nwwcr o`ycr wsr kcw

Ir`bí`nw dcw `strcw z`~w dc Ir`bgc+ wsr kcw iceecw+ wsr kcwcbi`btw+ ct wsr kcw `bne`sv daecwtnpscw+ e`nw lè`nw wsr csv%eìecw" G`r gcw `bne`sv `necbt rclctcr+ cvgksrc+ îgr`wcr+fsenkncr+ dîtrsnrc+ z`rgc psc gc wabt dcw zrîd`tcsrw irswtrîw z`rk` wagnîtî en%fse`nbc+ tast `s eanbw zakngîc+ dc drant `strc pscgcksn ds zksw iart"?07 Wsr gc wslct cb z`rtngskncr+ lc dnr`nw psc wn kcw `starntîw cb

zk`gc bc ycskcbt z`w w„aggszcr dc bcstr`knwcr kcw gaszcsrw dcycrmcw+ ckkcw danycbt k`nwwcr k` lswtngc wc i`nrc dc k` e`nb



309

4" @oaknr k` dasokc b`tnab`kntî?04

Kcw cbi`btw dc Ir`bgc bc wcrabt `karw zksw k` zranc dcwdîeabw ps„`mntcbt kcw dnòkcw zasr wcecr k` |n|`bnc+ kcgfàw+ k` dîgabintsrc ct k` mscrrc gnynkc" Sbc îkntcir`bí`nwc kîmntnec zasrr` `karw rczrcbdrc k` o`rrc dsz`pscoat Ir`bgc zasr mîrcr kcw gabwîpscbgcw mîazakn%npsc dc gcw ecwsrcw+ ct kc ecbcr ê w` dcwtnb`tnab+ psnbc w`sr`nt ìtrc psc gckkc psn ` taslasrw îtî k` wncbbc <sbc dcw zksw ockkcw dcwtnb`tnabw ds eabdc 8 i`stc dcpsan nk i`sdr` zsokncr wab `ynw dc dîgæw+ w„nk bc i`st z`wdîlê kc zsokncr cb dîzaw`bt wsr wab eîearn`k sbcgasrabbc earts`nrc < ¨ Eartc z`r gnrgabgnwnab" ?03 Kcw bawt`kmnpscw dc k` Ir`bgc ir`bí`nwc zcsycbt tas%asrw gkècr < ¨ K` Ir`bgc cwt eartc+ ynyc k` Ir`bgc ! ¸

Ct wc dce`bdcr < Da ~as wzc`h cbmknwf 1 Bab 1 Nk wcr`nttcezw ! wn yasw bc yaskc| z`w dcycbnr dcw Ir`bí`nwîtr`bmcrw cb Ir`bgc"@ yasw dc w`yanr psck rôkc yasw yaskc| lascr"?09

tr`bgf`btc dc gcsv psn `sr`ncbt dc oabbcw r`nwabw dc i`nrc

gcwwcr kcw `mnwwcecbtw dc gcw nmbaokcw nbdnyndsw" Psc k„nezsbntîzîb`kc bc want zksw aiicrtc `sv gnrgabgnwcsrw+ e`nw zkstôt ê gcsvpsn ycskcbt dîo`rr`wwcr kc eabdc dc gcw nbiïecw zcrwabb`mcw" Í`basw gf`bmcr` sb zcs+ zasr sbc ianw d`bw k„Fnwtanrc"?04 @ gf`gsb dc w„nbtcrramcr wsr gc psn cezìgfc k„`zzkng`tnab dcdcsv dcrbnærcw ecwsrcw &k` rîzabwc cwt d`bw kcw dcsv zrcenærcw."?03 Z`r èîrng`bnw`tnab"?09

Ps`bd ab zrîtcbd ìtrc `bneî d„sb cwzrnt gnrgabgnwcsr zr`me`%npsc ‗ wsr iabd d„f~mnîbnwec oarmbc as wcvnwtc ‗+ ab dant e`bnicw%



30=

Sbc dcrbnærc gfawc < bc z`rkc| z`w dc ync zrnyîc+ bcz`rkc| z`w dc zakntnpsc+ bc z`rkc| z`w dc rcknmnab 8 cb

dcfarw dcw gcrgkcw dîdnîw ê gct ciict" Gc wcr` oncbeanbw k` ecrdc cbtrc tasw" Lc dnr`nw eìec psc wn abyask`nt `lastcr sbc kan `sv kanw knocrtngndcw psn tnwwcbtk` tankc ds i`wgnwec rèz`bt+ zasr z`gnincr kc tnwwswagn`k nk i`sdr`nt zcst%ìtrc wabmcr ê nbwgrnrc gc grcdad`bw kcw tcvtcw dc kan 8 gc wcr` sb ea~cb dc w`gr`knwcrgcw dae`nbcw+ psn abt zïtn d„ìtrc yskm`rnwîw"Gcttc ianw+ lc granw oncb psc gc wcr` tast… ê eanbw psce` gakkæmsc `nt psckpsc gfawc ê `lastcr… Bab+ ckkc eci`nt wnmbc psc bab"

cr gc zr`me`tnwec ct òaknr k` gnrgabgnwnab zasr zcrecttrc

k„nbtîmr`tnab dcw @ròa%ìra%e`mfrîonbw+ i`stc dc psan ab wczrîy`st d„sb zr`me`tnwec psc k„ab ` z`w 8 wn gc b„cwt ps„nk i`st wcdnrc `ttcnbt dc gîgntî+ dc dîbn dc rî`kntî+ dc trasokc dc k„cbtcb%dcecbt+ dc wcvnwec+ dc r`gnwec+ ps`bd ab gabwt`tc gaeoncb kcwIr`bí`nw+ dczsnw 4: `bw+ b„abt dc gcwwc dc eîzrnwcr+ dîbnmrcr+rclctcr kcw @ròa%ìra%e`mfrîonbw wsr k` o`wc dc kcsrw eŗsrwo`ro`rcw+ dabt k„nmbaokc gnrgabgnwnab w`sy`mc dcw oîoîw ct dcwm`ríabbctw"

@s kncs dc dîo`tw r`nwabbîw wsr k` gnrgabgnwnab+ psn b„abt z`w kncswsr k` zk`gc zsoknpsc+ nk wc tncbt cb Ir`bgc dcw dnwgswwnabw dîkî%tærcw d`bw k` wzfærc zrnyîc as wcen%zsoknpsc" Ps`bd ab zrîtcbdbc z`w k`nwwcr ê dcw neèw nbgsktcw ct nezraynwîw i`nrc k„nbwtrsg%tnab dcw e`wwcw+ `karw ps„ab k`nwwc dcw r`gnwtcw nbgsktcw ct e`k%ycnkk`btw i`nrc dnwgasrnr k` e`wwc wsr k` gnrgabgnwnab… ab e`bpscdc gafîrcbgc" Ct ps`bd ab zrîtcbd zcrzîtscr k` gnrgabgnwnab `ycg

k„èîrng`bnw`tnab dc k` Ir`bgc+ g„cwt d„òard k„`bmk`nw ps„nk i`sdr`ntzraeasyanr+ as zkstôt k„èîrng`nb"



306

Z"%W" < Lc yasw `n oncb i`nt kcycr kc gasdc+ fcnb ! E`nb%tcb`bt yasw w`yc| gc ps„cwt k„`kgaaknwec &k„nbtîmrnwec.iargî"

@kkc| ! Lc yasw kïgfc" Yasw zasyc| ec gsycr"



Documents

Bienvenue à Glouglou et Rhalala