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Age of the Cosmos:The Biblical Model
Age of the Cosmos:The Biblical Model
Christopher W. Ashcraft M.S., M.Ed.Christopher W. Ashcraft M.S., M.Ed.
Big Bang vs. Creation
Origin of Stars
Solar System: Evidence of Design
Age of the Cosmos
Are we being told all the evidence or just selected information to support a
particular idea?
Creation CosmologyCreation Cosmology
Days of Creation in Genesis One 00825Days of Creation in Genesis One 00825
Day 1Day 1 Day 2Day 2 Day 3Day 3
Day 4Day 4 Day 5Day 5 Day 6Day 6
Name (NIV) Age Upon
1st Son
Age at Death
Years Lived References
Adam 130 930 0 - 930 Genesis 5:3-5
Seth 105 912 130-1042 Genesis 5:6-8
Enosh 90 905 235-1140 Genesis 5:9-11
Kenan 70 910 325-1235 Genesis 5:12-14
Mahalalel 65 895 395-1290 Genesis 5:15-17
Jared 162 962 460-1260 Genesis 5:18-20
Enoch 65 365 622-987 Genesis 5:21-24
Methuselah 187 969 687-1656 Genesis 5:25-27
Lamech 182 777 874-1651 Genesis 5:28-31
Noah 950 1056-2006
The Flood occurred on the year 1656 Genesis 7:11
Biblical ChronologyBiblical Chronology
Biblical ChronologyBiblical Chronology
Luke 3: 23-37 Now Jesus himself was about thirty years old when he began his ministry. He was the son, so it was thought, of Joseph, the son of Heli, the son of Matthat, the son of Levi, the son of Melki, the son of Jannai, the son of Joseph, the son of Mattathias, the son of Amos, the son of the son of Naggai, the son of Maath, the son of Mattathias, the son of Semein, the son of Josech, the son of Joda, the son of Joanan, the son of Rhesa, the son of Zerubbabel, the son of Shealtiel, the son of Neri, the son of Melki, the son of Addi, the son of Cosam, the son of Elmadam, the son of Er, the son of Joshua, the son of Eliezer, the son of Jorim, the son of Matthat, the son of Levi, the son of Simeon, the son of Judah, the son of Joseph, the son of Jonam, the son of Eliakim, the son of Melea, the son of Menna, the son of Mattatha, the son of Nathan, the son of David, the son of Jesse, the son of Obed, the son of Boaz, the son of Salmon, the son of Nahshon, the son of Amminadab, the son of Ram, the son of Hezron, the son of Perez, the son of Judah, the son of Jacob, the son of Isaac, the son of Abraham, the son of Terah, the son of Nahor, the son of Serug, the son of Reu, the son of Peleg, the son of Eber, the son of Shelah, the son of Cainan, the son of Arphaxad, the son of Shem, the son of Noah, the son of Lamech, the son of Methuselah, the son of Enoch, the son of Jared,
the son of Mahalalel, the son of Kenan, the son of Enosh, the son of Seth, the son of Adam, the son of God.
Recession of the moon Comets Age of the sun Supernova remnants
Recession of the moon Comets Age of the sun Supernova remnants
Evidence for a Young CosmosEvidence for a
Young Cosmos
Heavens DeclareMoon
Heavens DeclareMoon
Recession of the MoonRecession of the Moon
This causes the moon to accelerate in its orbit so that it slowly spirals away from the earth (4 cm/ year)
This causes the moon to accelerate in its orbit so that it slowly spirals away from the earth (4 cm/ year)
Earth’s force of gravity pulls on the moon Earth’s force of gravity pulls on the moon
The moon pulls back on the earth (Newton’s 3rd law of motion)
The moon pulls back on the earth (Newton’s 3rd law of motion)
Moon RecessionMoon Recession
Lunar recessionLunar recession
The Moon is receding at about 4 cm (1.5 inches) per year
Looking backwards in time, the recession rate was faster
The Moon would have been touching the Earth just 1.5 billion years ago
The Moon is receding at about 4 cm (1.5 inches) per year
Looking backwards in time, the recession rate was faster
The Moon would have been touching the Earth just 1.5 billion years ago
1,000 years ago 125 feet closer1 million years ago 28.4 miles closer10 million years ago 284 miles closer100 million years ago 2,840 miles closer1 billion years ago 28,400 miles closer1.4 billion years ago contact
1,000 years ago 125 feet closer1 million years ago 28.4 miles closer10 million years ago 284 miles closer100 million years ago 2,840 miles closer1 billion years ago 28,400 miles closer1.4 billion years ago contact
Earth – Moon DistancesEarth – Moon Distances
Recession of the MoonRecession of the Moon
1.0 bya
Time
Distance from Earth
1.4 bya today
Origin of the MoonOrigin of the Moon
“The origin of the moon is still unresolved.”“The origin of the moon is still unresolved.”A. Snyder Ruzicka and L. A. Taylor, “Giant Impact and Fission Hypotheses for the origin of the moon: a critical review of some geochemical evidence, International Geology Review, 1998, p. 851.
A. Snyder Ruzicka and L. A. Taylor, “Giant Impact and Fission Hypotheses for the origin of the moon: a critical review of some geochemical evidence, International Geology Review, 1998, p. 851.
The best explanation is the moon was created in its present orbit about 6,000
years ago
International Geology Review, 1998International Geology Review, 1998
Recession of the moon Comets Age of the sun Supernova remnants
Recession of the moon Comets Age of the sun Supernova remnants
Evidence for a Young CosmosEvidence for a
Young Cosmos
CometsComets
CometsComets
Long-period cometsShort-period cometsLong-period cometsShort-period comets
Kuiper belt and Oort cloudKuiper belt and Oort cloud
Oort Cloud and Kuiper belt Oort Cloud and Kuiper belt
Comets and the Oort CloudComets and the Oort Cloud
“Many scientific papers are written each year about the Oort Cloud, its properties, its origin, its evolution. Yet there is not yet a shred of direct observational evidence for its existence.”
“Many scientific papers are written each year about the Oort Cloud, its properties, its origin, its evolution. Yet there is not yet a shred of direct observational evidence for its existence.”
Who said this?
Carl Sagan and A. Druyan, Comets, 1985, pp. 201.Carl Sagan and A. Druyan, Comets, 1985, pp. 201.
Comets and the Oort CloudComets and the Oort Cloud
“Though the Oort cloud has yet to be observed, the theory accounts so well for the distribution of comets’ orbits that most astronomers today accept its existence,…”
“Though the Oort cloud has yet to be observed, the theory accounts so well for the distribution of comets’ orbits that most astronomers today accept its existence,…”
Timothy Ferris, The Whole Shebang: A State-of-the-Universe Report, 1997, p. 123.
Definition of faithAn unquestioning belief that does not require proof or observation.
Oort Cloud and Kuiper BeltOort Cloud and Kuiper Belt
“Since it cannot be detected, the Oort cloud is not a scientific concept. This is not bad science, but non-science masquerading as science. The existence of comets is good evidence that the solar system is only a few thousand years old .”
“Since it cannot be detected, the Oort cloud is not a scientific concept. This is not bad science, but non-science masquerading as science. The existence of comets is good evidence that the solar system is only a few thousand years old .”
Danny Faulkner, Ph.D. Astronomy, More problems for the ‘Oort comet cloud’ , 2001, TJ 15(2):11 Danny Faulkner, Ph.D. Astronomy, More problems for the ‘Oort comet cloud’ , 2001, TJ 15(2):11
Oort Cloud and Kuiper BeltOort Cloud and Kuiper Belt
“The existence of the Kuiper belt and the Oort cloud of comets has not been verified. Perhaps there is an alternative: The presence of comets may be evidence that the solar system is not as old as is often assumed.”
“The existence of the Kuiper belt and the Oort cloud of comets has not been verified. Perhaps there is an alternative: The presence of comets may be evidence that the solar system is not as old as is often assumed.”
Don DeYoung, Ph.D. Physics, Astronomy and the Bible, 2000, p. 49-50Don DeYoung, Ph.D. Physics, Astronomy and the Bible, 2000, p. 49-50
100 – 500 km100 – 500 km
KBOComets (10 km)Comets (10 km)
Kuiper Belt ObjectsKuiper Belt Objects
Protective Magnetic FieldProtective Magnetic Field
Causes of Magnetic Field?Causes of Magnetic Field?
Dynamo TheoryDynamo Theory
“The mechanism for generating the geomagnetic field remains one of the central unsolved problems in geoscience.”
http://earth.agu.org/revgeophys/roberp01/node1.html, quoting the report from the National Geomagnetic Initiative, as of 19 Dec 2002
“The mechanism for generating the geomagnetic field remains one of the central unsolved problems in geoscience.”
http://earth.agu.org/revgeophys/roberp01/node1.html, quoting the report from the National Geomagnetic Initiative, as of 19 Dec 2002
Young Magnetic FieldYoung Magnetic Field
Since its first measurement in 1829, its total energy has fallen by 14%. Loses half its energy every 700 years or so.
Archaeomagnetic and paleomagnetic measurements show wild fluctuations of polarity in the past.
Field can only be tens of thousands of years old, not billions
(Dynamo theories can’t explain these facts.)
Since its first measurement in 1829, its total energy has fallen by 14%. Loses half its energy every 700 years or so.
Archaeomagnetic and paleomagnetic measurements show wild fluctuations of polarity in the past.
Field can only be tens of thousands of years old, not billions
(Dynamo theories can’t explain these facts.)
Planetary MagnetismPlanetary Magnetism
“Magnetism is almost as much of a puzzle now as it was when William Gilbert (1544-1603) wrote his classic text ‘Concerning Magnetism, Magnetic Bodies, and the Great Magnet, Earth’ in 1600.”
Taylor, Destiny or Chance: our solar system and its place in the cosmos, p 163-164
“Magnetism is almost as much of a puzzle now as it was when William Gilbert (1544-1603) wrote his classic text ‘Concerning Magnetism, Magnetic Bodies, and the Great Magnet, Earth’ in 1600.”
Taylor, Destiny or Chance: our solar system and its place in the cosmos, p 163-164
Recession of the moon Comets Age of the sun Supernova remnants
Recession of the moon Comets Age of the sun Supernova remnants
Evidence for a Young CosmosEvidence for a
Young Cosmos
The Early Faint Sun ParadoxThe Early Faint Sun Paradox
Energy by thermonuclear fusion Energy by thermonuclear fusion The core of the sun should alter and the
sun should grow brighter with age The core of the sun should alter and the
sun should grow brighter with age If the sun is 4.6 billion years old, it should
have brightened by about 40%
If the sun is 4.6 billion years old, it should have brightened by about 40%
40% Brighter
40% Brighter
The Early Faint Sun ParadoxThe Early Faint Sun Paradox
Earth average temperature (59O F or 15O C)Earth average temperature (59O F or 15O C)
A 25% increase in brightness increases the average temperature by about 32O F (18O C)A 25% increase in brightness increases the average temperature by about 32O F (18O C)
(59o – 32o = 27o F (-2.78o C) Avg. temp(59o – 32o = 27o F (-2.78o C) Avg. temp
V838 Mon
The Alternative
Recession of the moon Comets Age of the sun Supernova remnants
Recession of the moon Comets Age of the sun Supernova remnants
Evidence for a Young CosmosEvidence for a
Young Cosmos
Supernova remnants (SNRs)Supernova remnants (SNRs)
Crab NebulaLight from the supernova reached the earth in 1054
Crab NebulaLight from the supernova reached the earth in 1054
Evidences for a Young UniverseEvidences for a Young Universe
Supernova RemnantSupernova Remnant
Supernova Remnant StagesSupernova Remnant Stages• First stage - (free expansion ) debris hurtling outwards at 7000
kilometers per second. Characterized by constant temperature and constant expansion velocity. It lasts a 200-300 years and reaches a diameter of 7-21 light years.
• Second stage - material begins to decelerate and cool. Characterized by mixing that enhances the magnetic field, and is a very powerful emitter of radio waves. Lasts from 10-120 thousand years and reach a diameter of about 350 light years.
• Third stage – (snowball stage) begins after the shell has cooled down to about 106 K (-167C). At this stage, electrons and atoms begin recombining with the heavier atoms making the SNR shrink and become more dense. The velocity decreases, outward expansion stops and the SNR starts to collapse under its own gravity. This lasts a few hundreds of thousands of years. After millions of years, the SNR will be absorbed into the interstellar medium at a diameter of about 1800 light years.
1st 300 yrs
2nd 120 K
3rd 1-6 mya
StageBillions of years old
7000 years old
Supernova remnant
Number of observable SNRs predicted if our
galaxy is:
Actual number
observed
2
2260
5000
52
125
0
200
0
Evidences for a Young Universe
1. The plain reading of the text2. Words used to indicate time3. Day with a number4. Evening and morning5. Genesis 1:14 (ref)
6. Sabbath - Exodus 20:11(ref) , 31:17(ref)
7. Sentence structure8. Statement by Jesus - Mark 10:6(ref)
9. Genealogies - Gen 5, 1 Chron 1, Luke 310. Plants and sunlight11. The sun
1. The plain reading of the text2. Words used to indicate time3. Day with a number4. Evening and morning5. Genesis 1:14 (ref)
6. Sabbath - Exodus 20:11(ref) , 31:17(ref)
7. Sentence structure8. Statement by Jesus - Mark 10:6(ref)
9. Genealogies - Gen 5, 1 Chron 1, Luke 310. Plants and sunlight11. The sun
The Bible and the Time of CreationThe Bible and the Time of Creation
Creation Cosmology
Light Created in Transit Variable Speed of Light Gravitational Time Dilation
Light Created in Transit Variable Speed of Light Gravitational Time Dilation
Proposed SolutionsProposed Solutions
Gravitational Time DilationGravitational Time Dilation
General relativity predicts that gravity field would slow time. The stronger the gravitational field the greater the effect on time.
General relativity predicts that gravity field would slow time. The stronger the gravitational field the greater the effect on time.
The atomic clock in Boulder Colorado runs 5 microseconds / year faster than the one in Greenwich England.
Space-Time DistortionSpace-Time Distortion
Starlight and TimeStarlight and Time
Distant Starlight and TimeDistant Starlight and Time
No explanation for the first star The horizon problem (light-travel-time
problem)
No explanation for the first star The horizon problem (light-travel-time
problem)
A Major Problem for EvolutionA Major Problem for Evolution
Horizon ProblemHorizon Problem
Early in the alleged big bang, points A and B start out with different temperatures.
Early in the alleged big bang, points A and B start out with different temperatures.
Today, points A and B have the same temperature
Today, points A and B have the same temperature
AA
BB
Maximum distance light could travel
Maximum distance light could travel
BBAA
Closing StatementsClosing Statements
The big bang is NOT a fact Most evidence contradicts the big bang The Bible does NOT teach the big bang The Bible teaches a young earth (universe)
which agrees with science Many scientists (including astronomers)
disagree with the big bang
The big bang is NOT a fact Most evidence contradicts the big bang The Bible does NOT teach the big bang The Bible teaches a young earth (universe)
which agrees with science Many scientists (including astronomers)
disagree with the big bang
Danny Faulkner Ph.D. AstronomyJohn Byl Ph.D. AstronomyTom Greene Ph.D. AstronomyDave Harrison Ph.D. AstrophysicsJames Dire Ph.D. AstrophysicsJason Lisle Ph.D. AstrophysicsJohn Rankin Ph.D. Mathematical PhysicsKeith Wanser Ph.D. Condensed Matter PhysicsRussell Humphreys Ph.D. PhysicsBarbara Helmkamp Ph.D. PhysicsDon DeYoung Ph.D. PhysicsRobert Gentry Ph.D. PhysicsEugene Chaffin Ph.D. Nuclear PhysicsRon Samec Ph.D. PhysicsJohn Cimbala Ph.D. AeronauticsAndrew McIntosh Ph.D. Combustion TheoryHee-Choon No Ph.D. Nuclear EngineeringJay Wile Ph.D. Nuclear Chemistry
Danny Faulkner Ph.D. AstronomyJohn Byl Ph.D. AstronomyTom Greene Ph.D. AstronomyDave Harrison Ph.D. AstrophysicsJames Dire Ph.D. AstrophysicsJason Lisle Ph.D. AstrophysicsJohn Rankin Ph.D. Mathematical PhysicsKeith Wanser Ph.D. Condensed Matter PhysicsRussell Humphreys Ph.D. PhysicsBarbara Helmkamp Ph.D. PhysicsDon DeYoung Ph.D. PhysicsRobert Gentry Ph.D. PhysicsEugene Chaffin Ph.D. Nuclear PhysicsRon Samec Ph.D. PhysicsJohn Cimbala Ph.D. AeronauticsAndrew McIntosh Ph.D. Combustion TheoryHee-Choon No Ph.D. Nuclear EngineeringJay Wile Ph.D. Nuclear Chemistry
ScientistsScientists
God created trees mature with fruit God created mature animals God created Adam mature Jesus fed the 5,000 Jesus turned water into wine Jesus withered the fig tree (Matt 21:18-19) Instant learning of language (Tower of Babel) Instant healing of soldier’s ear (Luke 22:51)
God created trees mature with fruit God created mature animals God created Adam mature Jesus fed the 5,000 Jesus turned water into wine Jesus withered the fig tree (Matt 21:18-19) Instant learning of language (Tower of Babel) Instant healing of soldier’s ear (Luke 22:51)
A God of MiraclesA God of Miracles
1. The plain reading of the text2. Sentence structure3. Words used to indicate time4. Day with a number5. Evening and morning6. Sabbath - Exodus 20:11(ref) , 31:17(ref)
7. Statement by Jesus - Mark 10:6(ref)
8. Genealogies - Gen 5, 1 Chron 1, Luke 39. Plants and sunlight10. The sun
1. The plain reading of the text2. Sentence structure3. Words used to indicate time4. Day with a number5. Evening and morning6. Sabbath - Exodus 20:11(ref) , 31:17(ref)
7. Statement by Jesus - Mark 10:6(ref)
8. Genealogies - Gen 5, 1 Chron 1, Luke 39. Plants and sunlight10. The sun
The Bible and the Time of CreationThe Bible and the Time of Creation
Age of the Cosmos:The Biblical Model
Age of the Cosmos:The Biblical Model
Christopher W. Ashcraft M.S., M.Ed.Christopher W. Ashcraft M.S., M.Ed.
