Big Idea 16

Heredity and Reproduction

Mary Tweedy, Curriculum Support SpecialistKeisha Kidd, Curriculum Support Specialist

Millard Lightburn, District Supervisor

Department of Mathematics and ScienceOffice of Academics and Transformation

Benchmark SC.4.L.16.1Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Pacing GuideQuarter 3: 02/24-03/07

Benchmark SC.4.L.16.4Stages & Life Cycles of Florida Plants

and AnimalsPacing Guide

Quarter 3: 03/10-03/20

• SC.4.L.16.1 - Identify processes of sexual reproduction in flowering plants, including pollination, fertilization (seed production), seed dispersal, and germination. (Assessed as SC.3.L.14.1.)

• SC.3.L.14.1 - Describe structures in plants and their roles in food production, support, water and nutrient transport, and

reproduction.

Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Schoolyard Field Study: Observing a Wild Flower

Materials: A partner, plastic knife, hand lens, paper towel, wild flower (weed) Procedures:• Pick a small plant to observe with a partner.• Dig it out of the ground carefully and shake off the dirt.• Draw your plant and label the parts.• Use a hand lens to observe each part and sketch

observations.• Use sensory words to describe the your plant.• Be ready to share with the class.

Purpose of a Flower

Are Flowers More Than Just Pretty?

Flower Power• Essential Question: What are the parts of a

flower and the function of each part?• Learning Goals: Observe and identify flower parts. Reconstruct a flower model. Recognize the function of a flower, identifying the processes of reproduction including pollination, fertilization, seed dispersal, and germination.

The Parts of a FlowerWhat are the three main parts of flowers?

• petals• stamens• pistil

The Parts of a Flower• Sepals protect the bud

until it opens.• Petals attract insects.• Stamens make pollen.• Pistil contain the ovary

which contains the ovules (eggs).

• When fertilized, ovules grow into fruits which contain seed.

Flowering Plant Reproduction

• Pistil• Ovary• Egg• Stamen

• Pollen• Sperm• Pollination• Fertilization

The Stamen:Male Reproductive Part of

a Flower

Anther: Pollen grains (sperm cells) grow in the anther.

Filament:This holds the anther.

The Pistil:Female Reproductive

Parts of a Flower

StigmaStyleOvary (carpel)Eggs(ovules)

Stories Must Include:• Common & scientific name• Description of the flower• Explanation of the role of the

flower in the life cycle of the plant

• Use or value of the plant

Writing Assessment Rubric:• Accuracy of information• Creativity• Use of vivid vocabulary• Description of flower• Plant’s use or value

Flower Power WritingWhy Do Plants Make Flowers?

Pollination is the act of transferring pollen grains from the male anther of the stamen to the female stigma.

Pollen lands on a female pistil, sperm cells move down to the ovary, fertilizing the egg cells.

Fertilization combines DNA. The result is a seed with a tiny plant inside. The ovary grows into a fruit to protect the seeds.

What is Pollination?

Gizmos: Flower Pollination

Pollinators Animals, wind, and water can all

help in the transfer of pollen. We call animals or insects that

transfer pollen from plant to plant "pollinators ".

The flower type, shape, color, odor, nectar, and structure vary by the type of pollinator that visits them.

Wind Pollination

Some flowers, such as grasses, do not have brightly colored petals and nectar to attract insects. These flowers are pollinated by the wind.

Flowering plants use:

• the wind• insects • bats • birds• mammals

to transfer pollen from the stamen (male) part of the flower to the stigma (female) part of the flower.

Check Point • What is pollination?• How do flowering plants depend on other

living things in order to reproduce?• Why are young plants like but not identical to

their parents?

• SC.4.L.16.1 - Identify processes of sexual reproduction in flowering plants, including pollination, fertilization (seed production), seed dispersal, and germination. (Assessed as SC.3.L.14.1. “Fair Game”) AA

• SC.4.L.16.4 - Compare and contrast the major stages in the life cycles of Florida plants and animals, such as those that undergo incomplete and complete metamorphosis, and flowering and nonflowering seed-bearing plants. AA

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Major Stages of Life Cycles of Florida Plants and Animals

The Animal’s Life CycleBirth to Death

1. They are born (egg or embryo).2. They grow (infant).3. They develop into adults (adolescent).4. Adults can reproduce (adult stages).

Life Stages of Insects

Incomplete Metamorphosis

(grasshoppers)

a. Eggb. Nymphc. Adult

Complete Metamorphosis

(butterflies and moths)

a. Eggb. Larva (caterpillar)c. Pupad. Adult

Adult Butterfly

Egg

Pupal Stage

Larvae

The Butterfly Life CycleComplete Metamorphosis

Adult Grasshopper

Egg Nymph

The Grasshopper Life CycleIncomplete Metamorphosis

Let’s Explore!

Gone to Seed

Three main parts:1. seed coat - a covering with two roles: - Protects new plant called embyro

- Guards stored food called endosperm.2. endosperm – stored food3. embryo – The new plant with structures called

seed leaves or cotyledons.

Observing Seeds

Senses & Hand Lens• Sight - Looks• Touch - Feels• Hearing – Sounds

when dropped• Odor – Smells Qualitative Observations

Measurement Tools• Ruler• Tape measure• Balance• Gram mass pieces

Quantitative Observations

Observing a Seed 1. Observe the outside of a dry bean seed with a hand

lens. Draw it and write down four or more properties including length and width.

2. Get a wet bean seed to observe. Draw it and write down four or more properties including length and width.

3. Why is the wet seed larger?4. Split it open and observe its parts. Draw and label its

inside including the seed coat, cotyledon, and embryo.

Wet Bean

1st Lets make Dry SeedObservations:

Length:

Width:

Mass:

Color:

Texture:

2nd Let’s explore …

How do seeds get dispersed from a plant into the ground?

• Some seeds are hidden in the ground by animals such as squirrels as a winter store.

• Some seeds have hooks on them and cling to fur or clothes.

How do birds and animals help seed dispersal?

Birds and animals eat the fruits and excrete the seeds away from the parent plant.

Ways Seeds are Carried Away from a Plant

• Animal-carried • Animal-consumed• Water-borne• Wind-borne• Propelled

Seed Germination

• Water• Oxygen• Proper temperature• Some require proper light

What do seeds need to sprout?

Seed Germination

What are the variables that affect germination?

Test your ideas on the Gizmo: Germination. www.explorelearning.com

What did we learn?• Water• Proper temperature• Some require proper light • Oxygen

Holds seeds inside of the flower which lie dormant, waiting to be

planted in the ground.

Seeds are made in their cone or spores instead of the flower.

Flowering Plants

Non-Flowering Plants

Where are seeds found in flowering and non flowering plants?

Life Cycle of Flowering Plants

• Reproduction• Seed• Seedling• Adult Plant• Flowers/Fruit• Seed Dispersal• Germination

Reproduction in Non-Flowering Plants

• Some plant produce spores.

• Some plants produce cones that contain seeds.

Life Cycle of Flowering and Non-Flowering Plants

Life Cycle of a Plant

Seeds are scattered by planting, wind, water, and animals.

When the small plant inside begins to grow, the seed germinates.

The young plant that grows from a seed is the seedling.

Remember…

Let’s Review!1. What do all living things need to live and

grow? food, water and air2. Can you name the parts of a plant? roots, stem, leaves and flower3. What do plants need to grow? sunlight, air, water and nutrients or minerals from the soil

4. What do the roots do for a plant?

5. What does the stem do for a plant?

The stem holds up the plant and moves water and nutrients through it.

The roots hold a plant in place and takes in water and nutrients from the soil.

6. Why does a plant need leaves?Leaves use sunlight, air, water, and nutrients to make food for the plant.

Flowers make fruits that hold seeds. These seeds will make new plants.

7. What do flowers do for plants?

8. How can seeds be scattered?By planting, animals, water, and wind.