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06/09/16 1 Big joint systems: the knee and the hip Li9erature Biomechanics of the Knee: N&F chapter 7, E&S chapter 8 Biomechanics of the Hip: N&F chapter 8, S&N&M&W chapter 7

Big&jointsystems:&& the&knee&and&the&hip&bme.lth.se/fileadmin/biomedicalengineering/Courses/Biomekanik/lecture4_2016.pdf · 06/09/16 3! Extension&&&&&Flexion& Locking&joint/& &Spriralled&

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Page 1: Big&jointsystems:&& the&knee&and&the&hip&bme.lth.se/fileadmin/biomedicalengineering/Courses/Biomekanik/lecture4_2016.pdf · 06/09/16 3! Extension&&&&&Flexion& Locking&joint/& &Spriralled&

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1  

Big  joint  systems:    the  knee  and  the  hip  

Li9erature  

•  Biomechanics  of  the  Knee:  N&F  chapter  7,  E&S  chapter  8  

•  Biomechanics  of  the  Hip:  N&F  chapter  8,  S&N&M&W  chapter  7  

 

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ClassificaNon  of  joints  

!

Hinge  joint/    Gångjärnsled                        e.g.  finger  and  toe  joints  

!

Pivot  or  trochoid  joint/  Vrid-­‐  eller  rota3onsled          e.g.  proximal  radio-­‐ulnar  joint  

1-­‐dimensional  

2-­‐dimensional  

!!

Ellipsoid  joint/  äggled  e.g.  the  wrist    

!

Saddle  joint/  sadelled  e.g.  the  base  joint  of  the  thumb        

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!

Extension                    Flexion  

Locking  joint/    Spriralled  e.g.  the  knee  and  elbow  joints    

3-­‐dimensional    

!

Ball  and  socket  joint/    Kulled      e.g.  hip  and  shoulder  joints    

lateral  ligament  

Mechanics  of  the  knee    

!

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Anterior  view  without  the  patella  

Muscles  around  the  knee  

Anterior  view   Posterior  view  

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Degrees  of  moNon  in  the  knee    Proximal-­‐distal  translaNon  internal/external  rotaNon  

AdducNon-­‐abducNon  rotaNon  

Ligaments  and  menisci  

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Range  of  Nbiofemoral  joint  moNon  

Extension  to  flexion  while:    -­‐      walking                                          0-­‐67o  -­‐        climbing  stairs                  0-­‐83o    

-­‐  descending  stairs        0-­‐90o  -­‐  si]ng  down                          0-­‐93o  

-­‐  tying  a  shoe                          0-­‐106o  -­‐  li^ing  an  object            0-­‐117o    

How  big  forces  do  occur  in  the  knee?  Ex:  StaNc  analysis  of  stair  climbing    

 

!

Known:    •  Body  weight  W  •  contact  point    foot-­‐step  •  direcFon  of  the  force  in  the  

patellar  tendon,  P  •  contact  point  in  the  femur-­‐

Fbia  joint        Derive:  •  magnitude  of  the  force  P  in  

the  patellar  tendon  •  magnitude  and  direcFon  of  

the  contact  force  in  the    femur-­‐Fbia  joint    

 

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IllustraNon  of  knee  moNon  

•  MoNon  in  the  knee  joint:  h9p://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H3YgbJLbIXk&feature=related  

Mechanics  of  the  hip  

!

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Muscles  around  the  hip  

Abductor  muscles  Adductor  muscles  

Movements  of  the  hip  joint  

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!

1.  Acetabulum  (ledpanna)  2.  Gluteus  medius    3.  Caput  femoris  (ledhuvud)  4.  Collum  femoris  (lårbenshals)  5.  Corpus  femoris    6.  Labrum    

ilium  

Iliac  crest  (hö>benskam)  

sacrum  

coccyx  

Ischium  (siAben)  

Trocanter  major  

h9p://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qlCvKEOZtpo    (nice  illustraNons  of  the  moNon  in  the  hip)  

Neck-­‐sha^  angle  

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Arthrosis    

StaFc  analysis  of  the  forces  in  the  hip  during  single-­‐leg  stance  

   

!

Known:    •  mass  of  one  leg  is  1/6  of  the  

total  body  mass  •  the  line  of  acNon  and  point  of  

applicaNon  for  the  abductor  muscle  force,  M  

•  contact  point  in  the  hip,  i.e.  the  point  where  the  joint  reacNon  force  J  is  applied    

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IllustraFve  exercises  for  the  lectures