Bill of Rights Case Digest

8/18/2019 Bill of Rights Case Digest

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CONSTITUTIONAL LAW IICASES

WHO EXERCISES THESE GOV’TPOWER

cases:

ERMITA-MALATE HOTEL & MOTELOPERATORS ASSOC., INC VS MAYOR OF

MANILA

G.R. No. L-24693

Police Power – Due Process Clause

On 13 June 1963, !e "anila "unici#al $oar%enace% Or% 4&6' an% !e sa(e was a##ro)e%*+ !en acin (a+or sora. Or% 4&6'

sou! o reulae !oels an% (oels. classi/e% !e( ino 1s class 0ae% a 6+ran% 2n% class 0ae% a 4.5+r. alsoco(#elle% !oels(oels o e !e%e(ora#!ics o an+one w!o c!ecs in o!eir roo(s. co(#elle% !oels(oels o!a)e wi%e o#en s#aces so as no o conceal!e i%eni+ o !eir #arons. 7r(ia-"alaei(#une% !e )ali%i+ o !e law a)errin !asuc! is o##ressi)e, ar*irar+ an% aains %ue#rocess. 8!e lower cour as well as !ea##ellae cour rule% in a)or o 7r(ia-

"alae.ISSUE: !e!er or no Or% 4&6' is aains!e %ue #rocess clause.

HELD: 8!e :C rule% in a)or o sora.8!ere is a #resu(#ion !a !e laws enace%*+ Conress 0in !is case "un $oar% is )ali%.o a s!owin or a sron oun%aion o in)ali%i+, !e #resu(#ion sa+s. s in !iscase, !ere was onl+ a si#ulaion o acs an%suc! canno #re)ail o)er !e #resu(#ion.

;ur!er, !e or%inance is a )ali% eercise o Police Power. 8!ere is no usi/caion or nu(erous an% )arie% acions*+ !e :ae. 8!ese rane ro( !e reulaiono %ance !alls,44 (o)ie !eaers,45 assaions46 an% coc#is.4& 8!e aweso(esco#e o #olice #ower is *es %e(onsrae% *+!e ac !a in is !un%re% or so +ears o #resence in our naion?s leal s+se(, is use!as rarel+ *een %enie%.

"a+ Cours n


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o)ern(en acion a%!erin o !eesa*lis!e% #rocess w!en i (aes aninrusion ino !e #ri)ae s#!ere. 7a(#lesrane ro( !e or( o noice i)en o !ele)el o or(ali+ o a !earin.

Substantive Due Process :u*sani)e %ue#rocess co(#lees !e #roecion en)isione%

*+ !e %ue #rocess clause. inusi/caion or%e#ri)in a #erson o lie, li*er+, or #ro#er+.

CHURCHILL (#. RAFFERTY,G.R. NO. L-1'5&2, Dece(*er 21, 1915 0 32

P!il 5'

FACTS:8!e case arises ro( !e ac !a %een%an,Collecor o nernal Re)enue, woul% lie o%esro+ or re(o)e an+ sin, sin*oar%, or

*ill*oar%, !e #ro#er+ o !e #lainiBs, or !esole reason !a suc! sin, sin*oar%, or*ill*oar% is, or (a+ *e oBensi)e o !e si!.8!e #lainiBs allee o!erwise. as !ere

)ali% eercise o #olice #ower in !is caseA

HELD: Ees. 8!ere can *e no %ou* !a !e eerciseo !e #olice #ower o !e P!ili##ineGo)ern(en *elons o !e Leislaure an%!a !is #ower is li(ie% onl+ *+ !e cs o Conress an% !ose un%a(enals #rinci#les

w!ic! lie a !e oun%aion o all re#u*licanor(s o o)ern(en. n c o !eLeislaure w!ic! is o*)iousl+ an%un%ou*e%l+ orein o an+ o !e #ur#oses o !e #olice #ower an% inereres wi! !eor%inar+ en>o+(en o #ro#er+ woul%,wi!ou %ou*, *e !el% o *e in)ali%. $uw!ere !e c is reasona*l+ wi!in a #ro#erconsi%eraion o an% care or !e #u*lic!eal!, sae+, or co(or, i s!oul% no *e%isur*e% *+ !e cours.F8!e #ower )ese% in !e leislaure *+ !e

consiuion o (ae, or%ain, an% esa*lis! all(anner o w!oleso(e an% reasona*le laws,saues, an% or%inances, ei!er wi! #enaliesor wi!ou, no re#unan o !e consiuion,as !e+ s!all >u%e o *e or !e oo% an%welare o !e co((onweal!, an% o !esu*>ecs o !e sa(e.F

F8!e #olice #ower o !e :ae, so ar, !as norecei)e% a ull an% co(#lee %e/niion. (a+*e sai%, !owe)er, o *e !e ri! o !e :ae,or sae uncionar+, o #rescri*e reulaionsor !e oo% or%er, #eace, !eal!, #roecion,co(or, con)enience an% (orals o !eco((uni+, w!ic! %o no ... )iolae an+ o !e#ro)isions o !e oranic law.F

F !e #olice #owerH !as or is o*>ec !ei(#ro)e(en o social an% econo(iccon%iione% aBecin !e co((uni+ a larean% colleci)el+ wi! a )iew o *rin a*ou F!ereaes oo% o !e reaes nu(*er.FCours!a)e consisenl+ an% wisel+ %ecline% o sean+ /e% li(iaions u#on su*>ecs callin or!e eercise o !is #ower. is elasic an% iseercise% ro( i(e o i(e as )ar+in socialcon%iions %e(an% correcion.FF (a+ *e sai% in a eneral wa+ !a !e#olice #ower een%s o all !e rea #u*lic

nee%s. (a+ *e #u or! in ai% o w!a issancione% *+ usae, or !el% *+ !e #re)ailin(orali+ or sron an% #re#on%eran o#iniono *e real+ an% i((e%iael+ necessar+ o!e #u*lic welare.FF is (uc! easier o #ercei)e an% reali=e !eeisence an% sources o !is #olice #ower!an o (ar is *oun%aries, or o #rescri*eli(is o is eercise.F

ACE)EDO OPTICAL Co. (. CA G.R. No. 1''152, "arc! 31, 2'''

Police Power as eercise% *+ LG@s,resricions an%


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!e!er or no !e i(#osiion o s#ecialcon%iions *+ !e #u*lic res#on%ens wereacs ulra )ires

RULING:

Police Power eercise% *+ LG@s

Police #ower as an in!eren ari*ue o so)erein+ is !e #ower o #rescri*ereulaions o #ro(oe !e !eal!, (orals,#eace, e%ucaion, oo% or%er or sae+ an%eneral welare o !e #eo#le. 8!e :ae,!rou! !e leislaure, !as %eleae% !eeercise o #olice #ower o local o)ern(enunis, as aencies o !e :ae, in or%er oeBeci)el+ acco(#lis! an% carr+ ou !e%eclare% o*>ecs o !eir creaion. 8!is%eleaion o #olice #ower is e(*o%ie% in !eeneral welare clause o !e Local

Go)ern(en Co%e

8!e sco#e o #olice #ower !as *een !el% o *eso co(#re!ensi)e as o enco(#ass al(os all(aers aBecin !e !eal!, sae+, #eace,or%er, (orals, co(or an% con)enience o !eco((uni+. Police #ower is esseniall+reulaor+ in naure an% !e #ower o issuelicenses or ran *usiness #er(is, i eercise% or a reulaor+ an% no re)enue-raisin #ur#ose, is wi!in !e a(*i o !is#ower.

Power o ci+ (a+or o ran *usiness #er(is

8!e au!ori+ o ci+ (a+ors o issue or ranlicenses an% *usiness #er(is is *e+on% ca)il. is #ro)i%e% or *+ law.

Iowe)er, !e #ower o ran or issue licensesor *usiness #er(is (us alwa+s *e eercise%in accor%ance wi! law, wi! u(oso*ser)ance o !e ri!s o all concerne% o%ue #rocess an% e


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se#arain !e su*%i)ision ro( !e a%>acenKala+aan )enue woul% *e %e(olis!e%.On Januar+ 2, 1996, $ insiue% aains#eiioner *eore !e R8C a ci)il case orin>uncion. Res#on%en #ra+e% or !eissuance o a 8RO an% #reli(inar+ in>uncionen>oinin !e o#enin o Ne#une :ree an%#ro!i*iin !e %e(oliion o !e #eri(eer

wall. 8!e rial cour issue% a e(#orar+resrainin or%er !e ollowin %a+. er %ue!earin, !e rial cour %enie% !e issuance o #reli(inar+ in>uncion.On a##eal, !e C ren%ere% a Decision on !e(eris o !e case /n%in !a !e ""D !asno au!ori+ o or%er !e o#enin o Ne#une:ree, a #ri)ae su*%i)ision roa% an% cause!e %e(oliion o is #eri(eer walls. !el%!a !e au!ori+ is lo%e% in !e Ci+ Councilo "aai *+ or%inance.

ISSUE: ON !e ""D !as au!ori+ oo#en Ne#une Roa% o !e #u*lic

HELD: NoRaio ""D clai(s !a i !as !e au!ori+o o#en Ne#une :ree o #u*lic raBic*ecause i is an aen o !e sae en%owe%wi! #olice #ower in !e %eli)er+ o *asicser)ices in "ero "anila. One o !ese *asicser)ices is raBic (anae(en w!ic! in)ol)es!e reulaion o !e use o !orou!ares oinsure !e sae+, con)enience an% welare o

!e eneral #u*lic. is allee% !a !e #olice#ower o ""D was aBir(e% *+ !is Cour in!e consoli%ae% cases o :analan ). C.;ro( !e #re(ise !a i !as #olice #ower, iis now ure% !a !ere is no nee% or !e Ci+o "aai o enac an or%inance o#eninNe#une sree o !e #u*lic.

Police #ower is an in!eren ari*ue o so)erein+. !as *een %e/ne% as !e #ower

)ese% *+ !e Consiuion in !e leislaure o(ae, or%ain, an% esa*lis! all (anner o w!oleso(e an% reasona*le laws, saues an%

or%inances, ei!er wi! #enalies or wi!ou,no re#unan o !e Consiuion, as !e+s!all >u%e o *e or !e oo% an% welare o !e co((onweal!, an% or !e su*>ecs o !esa(e. 8!e #ower is #lenar+ an% is sco#e is

)as an% #er)asi)e, reac!in an% >usi+in(easures or #u*lic !eal!, #u*lic sae+,#u*lic (orals, an% !e eneral welare.

*ears sressin !a #olice #ower islo%e% #ri(aril+ in !e Naional Leislaure. canno *e eercise% *+ an+ rou# or *o%+ o in%i)i%uals no #ossessin leislai)e #ower.8!e Naional Leislaure, !owe)er, (a+%eleae !is #ower o !e Presi%en an%a%(inisrai)e *oar%s as well as !elaw(ain *o%ies o (unici#al cor#oraions

or local o)ern(en unis. Once %eleae%,!e aens can eercise onl+ suc! leislai)e#owers as are conerre% on !e( *+ !enaional law(ain *o%+.

M"to!o*+t o M"to M+* +# o/ 'o0!o#"/ o$ #"("* *o'*1o("0"t %+t# - i.e., wel)e 012 ciiesan% /)e 05 (unici#aliies, na(el+, !e ciieso Caloocan, "anila, "an%alu+on, "aai,Pasa+, Pasi, ue=on, "uninlu#a, Las Pinas,"ariina, Parana


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enorce(en o#eraions, raBic enineerinser)ices an% raBic e%ucaion #rora(s,inclu%in !e insiuion o a sinle iceins+se( in "ero "anila or raBic )iolaions.@n%er !is ser)ice, !e ""D is e#ressl+au!ori=e% Fo se !e #olicies concerninraBicF an% Fcoor%inae an% reulae !ei(#le(enaion o all raBic (anae(en

#rora(s.F n a%%iion, !e ""D (a+Finsall an% a%(iniser a sinle iceins+se(,F /, i(#ose an% collec /nes an%#enalies or all raBic )iolaions.

will *e noe% !a !e #owers o !e""D are li(ie% o !e ollowin acsor(ulaion, coor%inaion, reulaion,i(#le(enaion, #re#araion, (anae(en,(oniorin, sein o #olicies, insallaion o a s+se( an% a%(inisraion. T2"" +# o#***" + R. A. No. 3456 t2t 1t# t2"MMDA !o*+'" !ow", *"t *o" *"1+#*t+("

!ow" . 7)en !e "ero "anila Council !asno *een %eleae% an+ leislai)e #ower.@nlie !e leislai)e *o%ies o !e localo)ern(en unis, !ere is no #ro)ision in R.

. No. &924 !a e(#owers !e ""D or isCouncil o Fenac or%inances, a##ro)eresoluions an% a##ro#riae un%s or !eeneral welareF o !e in!a*ians o "ero"anila. 8!e ""D is, as er(e% in !ec!arer isel, a F%e)elo#(en au!ori+.F isan aenc+ creae% or !e #ur#ose o la+in%own #olicies an% coor%inain wi! !e

)arious naional o)ern(en aencies,#eo#le?s orani=aions, non-o)ern(enalorani=aions an% !e #ri)ae secor or !eeBicien an% e#e%iious %eli)er+ o *asicser)ices in !e )as (ero#olian area. A** +t#$%'t+o# " /0++#tt+(" + t%" an%!ese are acuall+ su((e% u# in !e c!arerisel

Peiioner canno see reue in !ecases o :analan ). ner(e%iae ##ellaeCour w!ere we u#!el% a =onin or%inanceissue% *+ !e "ero "anila Co((ission

0""C, !e #re%ecessor o !e ""D, as aneercise o #olice #ower. 8!e /rs S1*1%ecision was on !e (eris o !e #eiion,w!ile !e secon% %ecision %enie%reconsi%eraion o !e /rs case an% ina%%iion %iscusse% !e case o Y%t (. Co%to$ A!!"*#.

Cot to !"t+t+o"’# '*+0, t2"two Sangalang '#"# /o ot !!* to t2"'#" t . F+#t* , *o! in)ol)e% =oninor%inances #asse% *+ !e (unici#al council o "aai an% !e ""C. n !e insan case, !e*asis or !e #ro#ose% o#enin o Ne#une:ree is conaine% in !e noice o Dece(*er22, 1995 sen *+ #eiioner o res#on%en

$, !rou! is #resi%en. 8!e noice %oesno cie an+ or%inance or law, ei!er *+ !e:anunian Panlunso% o "aai Ci+ or *+!e ""D, as !e leal *asis or !e #ro#ose%o#enin o Ne#une :ree. Peiioner ""D si(#l+ relie% on is au!ori+ un%er is c!arerFo raionali=e !e use o roa%s an%or!orou!ares or !e sae an% con)enien(o)e(en o #ersons.F Raionali=in !e useo roa%s an% !orou!ares is one o !e acs!a all wi!in !e sco#e o rans#or an%raBic (anae(en. $+ no srec! o !e

i(ainaion, !owe)er, can !is *e iner#ree%as an e#ress or i(#lie% ran o or%inance-(ain #ower, (uc! less #olice #ower."is>uris

S"'o/*, t2" MMDA +# ot t2"#0" "t+t # t2" MMC + Sangalang. A*t2o%12 t2" MMC +# t2" $o"%" o$ t2" !"#"t MMDA, ";0+t+o o$ P"#+/"t+* D"'"" 56, t2"'2t" o$ t2" MMC, #2ow# t2t t2" *tt" !o##"##"/ 1"t" !ow"# w2+'2 w"" ot"#tow"/ o t2" !"#"t MMDA. J>le

I 744?, P"#+/"t A@%+o +##%"/E;"'%t+(" O/"


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o$ 'o/" o$ #+' #"(+'"# / t2"";"'+#" o$ +t# %*"-0+1 !ow".

U/" t2" 74>3 Co#t+t%t+o, !elocal o)ern(en unis *eca(e #ri(aril+res#onsi*le or !e o)ernance o !eirres#eci)e #oliical su*%i)isions. 8!e MMA’#%+#/+'t+o w# *+0+t"/ o a%%ressinco((on #ro*le(s in)ol)in *asic ser)ices

!a ranscen%e% local *oun%aries. It /+/ ot2(" *"1+#*t+(" !ow" . s #ower was(erel+ o #ro)i%e !e local o)ern(en unisec!nical assisance in !e #re#araion o local %e)elo#(en #lans. n+ se(*lance o leislai)e #ower i !a% was con/ne% o aFre)iew oH leislaion #ro#ose% *+ !e localleislai)e asse(*lies o ensure consisenc+a(on local o)ern(ens an% wi! !eco(#re!ensi)e %e)elo#(en #lan o "ero"anila,F an% o Fa%)ise !e local o)ern(ensaccor%inl+.F

W2" R.A. No. 3456 too ""'t,M"to!o*+t M+* "'0" 9#!"'+*/"("*o!0"t / /0++#tt+(" "1+o9/ t2" MMDA 9#!"'+* /"("*o!0"t%t2o+t9 w2o#" $%'t+o# w"" 9w+t2o%t!"%/+'" to t2" %too0 o$ t2" "'t"/*o'* 1o("0"t %+t#.9 T2" '2't" o$ t2" MMDA w# '*"* /""/ + t2"*"1+#*t+(" /"t"# "'t+1 +t# '2t".

It +# t2%# "o/ /o%t t2t t2"MMDA +# ot *o'* 1o("0"t %+t o !%*+' 'o!ot+o "/ow"/ w+t2

*"1+#*t+(" !ow". is no e)en a Fs#ecial(ero#olian #oliical su*%i)isionF ascone(#lae% in :ecion 11, ricle M o !eConsiuion. 8!e creaion o a Fs#ecial(ero#olian #oliical su*%i)isionF reori+ o !e )oes cas ina #le*iscie in !e #oliical unis %irecl+aBece%. R. . No. &924 was no su*(ie% o!e in!a*ians o "ero "anila in a#le*iscie. 8!e C!air(an o !e ""D is noan oBicial elece% *+ !e #eo#le, *ua##oine% *+ !e Presi%en wi! !e ran an%

#ri)ilees o a ca*ine (e(*er. n ac, #ar o !is uncion is o #eror( suc! o!er %uies as(a+ *e assine% o !i( *+ !e Presi%en,w!ereas in local o)ern(en unis, !ePresi%en (erel+ eercises su#er)isor+au!ori+. 8!is e(#!asi=es !e/0++#tt+(" '2't" o !e ""D.

C*"* t2", t2" MMC %/" P. D.No. >56 +# ot t2" #0" "t+t # t2"MMDA %/" R. A. No. 3456. U*+" t2"MMC, t2" MMDA 2# o !ow" to "'to/+'"# $o t2" w"*$" o$ t2"'o00%+t. is !e local o)ern(en unis,acin !rou! !eir res#eci)e leislai)ecouncils, !a #ossess leislai)e #ower an%

#olice #ower. n !e case a *ar, !e:anunian Panlunso% o "aai Ci+ %i%no #ass an+ or%inance or resoluion or%erin!e o#enin o Ne#une :ree, !ence, is#ro#ose% o#enin *+ #eiioner ""D isilleal an% !e res#on%en Cour o ##eals%i% no err in so rulin. e %esis ro( rulinon !e o!er issues as !e+ are unnecessar+.7s(so

e sress !a !is %ecision %oes no(ae li! o !e ""D?s no*le eBors osol)e !e c!aoic raBic con%iion in "ero

"anila. 7)er+%a+, raBic >a(s an% raBic*olenecs #laue !e (ero#olis. 7)en ouronce s#rawlin *oule)ar%s an% a)enues arenow cra((e% wi! cars w!ile ci+ srees arecloe% wi! (ooriss an% #e%esrians.8raBic !as *eco(e a social (alaise aBecinour #eo#le?s #ro%uci)i+ an% !e eBicien%eli)er+ o oo%s an% ser)ices in !e counr+.8!e ""D was creae% o #u so(e or%er in!e (ero#olian rans#oraion s+se( *uunorunael+ !e #owers rane% *+ isc!arer are li(ie%. s oo% inenions canno

>usi+ !e o#enin or #u*lic use o a #ri)aesree in a #ri)ae su*%i)ision wi!ou an+leal warran. 8!e #ro(oion o !e eneralwelare is no ani!eical o !e #reser)aiono !e rule o law.

ART. S"'. 7 SCOPE OF PROTECTEDLIFE, LI)ERTY AND PROPERTY

cases:

DUNCAN ASSOC. OF DETAILMAN-

PTGWO VS. GLAXO WELLCOME PHILS.,INC.

43 :CR 343

FACTS:

8ecson was !ire% *+ Glao as a (e%icalre#resenai)e on Oc. 24, 1995. Conrac o


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e(#lo+(en sine% *+ 8ecson si#ulaes,a(on o!ers, !a !e arees o su%+ an%a*i%e *+ !e eisin co(#an+ rules o%isclose o (anae(en an+ eisin uurerelaions!i# *+ consanuini+ or aBini+ wi!co-e(#lo+ees or e(#lo+ees wi! co(#ein%ru co(#anies an% s!oul% (anae(en /n%!a suc! relaions!i# #oses a #rossi*le

conic o ineres, o resin ro( !eco(#an+. Co(#an+s Co%e o 7(#lo+eeCon%uc #ro)i%es !e sa(e wi! si#ulaion!a (anae(en (a+ ranser !e e(#lo+eeo ano!er %e#ar(en in a non-counerc!ecin #osiion or #re#araion ore(#lo+(en ousi%e o !e co(#an+ aer 6(on!s.

8ecson was iniiall+ assine% o (areGlaos #ro%ucs in !e Ca(arines :ur-Ca(arines Nore area an% enere% ino a

ro(anic relaions!i# wi! $es+, an e(#lo+eeo sra, Glaos co(#eiion. $eore ein(arrie%, 8ecsons Disric "anaer re(in%e%!i( se)eral i(es o !e conic o ineres*u (arriae oo #lace in :e#. 199. n Jan.1999, 8ecsons su#eriors inor(e% !i( o conic o inres. 8ecson ase% or i(e oco(#l+ wi! !e con%iion 0!a ei!er !e or$es+ resin ro( !eir res#eci)e #osiions.@na*le o co(#l+ wi! con%iion, Glaoranserre% 8ecson o !e $uuan-:uriaoCi+-usan %el :ur sales area. er !is

re


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cases:

)ANCO ESPANOL FILIPINO (. PALANCA G.R. No. L-1139', "arc! 26, 191

J@R:DC8ON, IO C@R7D Juris%icion o)er !e #ro#er+ w!ic! is !esu*>ec o !e liiaion (a+ resul ei!er ro(

a sei=ure o !e #ro#er+ un%er leal #rocess,w!ere*+ i is *rou! ino !e acual cuso%+o !e law, or i (a+ resul ro( !e insiuiono leal #rocee%ins w!erein, un%er s#ecial#ro)isions o law, !e #ower o !e cour o)er!e #ro#er+ is reconi=e% an% (a%e eBeci)e.8!e acion o oreclose a (orae is sai% o*e a #rocee%in u%(en *+ %eaul was

ren%ere%. 8!e %ecision was liewise #u*lis!e%an% aerwar%s sale *+ #u*lic aucion was!el% wi! !e *an as !e !i!es *i%%er. On

uus &, 19', !is sale was con/r(e% *+!e cour. Iowe)er, a*ou se)en +ears aer!e con/r(aion o !is sale, a (oion was(a%e *+ icene Palanca, as a%(inisraor o !e esae o !e oriinal %een%an, w!erein

!e a##lican reu%(en, an% o

)acae all !e #rocee%ins su*seu%(enren%ere% !ereon were )oi% *ecause !e cour!a% ne)er acuris%icion o)er !e%een%an or o)er !e su*>ec o !e acion.

ISSUE!e!er or no !e lower cour acuris%icion o)er !e %een%an an% !esu*>ec (aer o !e acion!e!er or no %ue #rocess o law waso*ser)e%

RULING:On Juris%icion

8!e wor% Q>uris%icion is use% in se)eral

%iBeren, !ou! relae%, senses since i (a+!a)e reerence 01 o !e au!ori+ o !ecour o enerain a #aricular in% o acionor o a%(iniser a #aricular in% o relie, ori (a+ reer o !e #ower o !e cour o)er !e#aries, or 02 o)er !e #ro#er+ w!ic! is !esu*>ec o !e liiaion.

8!e so)erein au!ori+ w!ic! orani=es acour %eer(ines !e naure an% een o is#owers in eneral an% !us /es isco(#eenc+ or >uris%icion wi! reerence o

!e acions w!ic! i (a+ enerain an% !erelie i (a+ ran.

Iow Juris%icion is c


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(a+ ne)er *e aen ino acual cuso%+ a all. n illusraion o !e >uris%icion acuris%icion in re( o)er !e#ro#er+ an% o a%>u%icae !e ile in a)or o !e #eiioner aains all !e worl%.

n !e er(inolo+ o (erican law !e aciono oreclose a (orae is sai% o *e a

#rocee%in ec !e sale or o!er%is#osiion o !e #ro#er+ o !e %een%an,w!e!er *+ aac!(en, oreclosure, or o!eror( o re(e%+, are in a eneral wa+ !us%esinae%. 8!e >u%(en enere% in !ese#rocee%ins is conclusi)e onl+ *eween !e#aries.

is rue !a in #rocee%ins o !is c!aracer,i !e %een%an or w!o( #u*licaion is (a%ea##ears, !e acion *eco(es as o !i( a#ersonal acion an% is con%uce% as suc!.8!is, !owe)er, %oes no aBec !e #ro#osiion!a w!ere !e %een%an ails o a##ear !eacion is u%icial #rocee%in,!owe)er, i (a+ *e lai% %own wi! cerain+!a !e reu%icial #ower o !earan% %eer(ine !e (aer *eore i 02

>uris%icion (us *e lawull+ acec o !e#rocee%in 03 !e %een%an (us *e i)enan o##oruni+ o *e !ear% an% 04 >u%(en(us *e ren%ere% u#on lawul !earin.

Passin a once o !e reec o >u%icial#rocee%ins an% !a i is incu(*en u#on!i( o ae suc! se#s as !e sees / o #roeci.

will *e o*ser)e% !a !is (o%e o noi/caion %oes no in)ol)e an+ a*solueassurance !a !e a*sen owner s!all !ere*+recei)e acual noice. 8!e #erio%icalconainin !e #u*licaion (a+ ne)er in ac

co(e o !is !an%s, an% !e c!ances !a !es!oul% %isco)er !e noice (a+ oen *e )er+sli!. 7)en w!ere noice is sen *+ (ail !e#ro*a*ili+ o !is recei)in i, !ou! (uc!increase%, is %e#en%en u#on !e correcnesso !e a%%ress o w!ic! i is orwar%e% as wellas u#on !e reulari+ an% securi+ o !e (ailser)ice. will *e noe%, ur!er(ore, !a !e#ro)ision o our law relai)e o !e (ailin o


10/40

noice %oes no a*soluel+ reus *een (a%elea% o !e conclusion !a !e ailure o !ecler o (ail !e noice, i in ac !e %i% so ailin !is %u+, is no suc! an irreulari+, asa(ouns o a %enial o %ue #rocess o law an%!ence in our o#inion !a irreulari+, i #ro)e%, woul% no a)oi% !e >u%(en in !iscase. Noice was i)en *+ #u*licaion in anews#a#er an% !is is !e onl+ or( o noice

w!ic! !e law uncon%iionall+ reuris%icionor i !as no an% i !e reu%(en.n !e a##licaion o !e i%ea o %ue #rocess o law, on !e o!er !an%, i is clearl+unnecessar+ o *e so riorous. 8!e

>uris%icion *ein once esa*lis!e%, all !a

%ue #rocess o law !ereaer re


11/40

SECRETARY OF USTICE (. LANTION322 :CR 16' 02'''

Naure Peiion or re)iew o a %ecision o !e"anila R8C

FACTS:

On June 1, 1999 !e De#ar(en o Jusicerecei)e% ro( !e De#ar(en o ;orein Bairs a re


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cri(inal #rosecuion. $u !e Cour !as rule%in o!er cases !a w!ere !e in)esiaion o an a%(inisrai)e #rocee%in (a+ resul inoreiure o lie, li*er+, or #ro#er+, !ea%(inisrai)e #rocee%ins are %ee(e%cri(inal or #enal, U suc! oreiure #araes!e naure o a #enal+. n !e case a *ar,si(ilar o a #reli(inar+ in)esiaion, !e

e)aluaion sae o !e era%iion#rocee%ins w!ic! (a+ resul in !e /lin o an inor(aion aains !e res#on%en, can#ossi*l+ lea% o !is arres, U o !e%e#ri)aion o !is li*er+. 8!us, !e era%iee(us *e accor%e% %ue #rocess ri!s o noiceU !earin accor%in o 3 T1401 U 02, aswell as 3 T&S!e ri! o !e #eo#le oinor(aion on (aers o #u*lic concern U!e corollar+ ri! o access o oBicial recor%sU %ocu(ens

8!e cour !el% !a !e e)aluaion #rocess#araes o !e naure o a cri(inalin)esiaion, !a)in conse


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Puno, %issenin Case a *ar %oes no in)ol)euil or innocence o an accuse% *u !einer#reaion o an era%iion rea+ w!erea sae is our o)ern(en?s inernaionalo*liaion o surren%er o a orein sae acii=en o is own so !e can *e rie% or anallee% oBense co((ie% wi!in !a

>uris%icion.

administrative due process:

cases:

SERRANO VS NLRC ISETANNFACTS::errano was a reular e(#lo+ee o seannDe#ar(en :ore as !e !ea% o :ecuri+C!ecer. n 1991, as a cos-cuin (easure,seann #!ase% ou is enire securi+ secionan% enae% !e ser)ices o an in%e#en%ensecuri+ aenc+. Peiioner /le% a co(#lainor illeal %is(issal a(on o!ers. La*orar*ier rule% in !is a)or as seann aile% oesa*lis! !a i !a% rerenc!e% is securi+secion o #re)en or (ini(i=e losses o is*usiness !a #ri)ae res#on%en aile% oaccor% %ue #rocess o #eiioner !a #ri)aeres#on%en aile% o use reasona*le san%ar%sin selecin e(#lo+ees w!ose e(#lo+(enwoul% *e er(inae%. NLRC re)erse% !e%ecision an% or%ere% #eiioner o *e i)ense#araion #a+.

ISSUE:!e!er or no !e !irin o an in%e#en%ensecuri+ aenc+ *+ !e #ri)ae res#on%en ore#lace is curren securi+ secion a )ali%roun% or !e %is(issal o !e e(#lo+eesclasse% un%er !e laer.

RULING: n e(#lo+er?s oo% ai! in i(#le(enin are%un%anc+ #rora( is no necessaril+ #u in%ou* *+ !e a)ail(en o !e ser)ices o anin%e#en%en conracor o re#lace !eser)ices o !e er(inae% e(#lo+ees o#ro(oe econo(+ an% eBicienc+. *sen #roo !a (anae(en ace% in a (alicious orar*irar+ (anner, !e Cour will no inererewi! !e eercise o >u%(en *+ an e(#lo+er.

er(inaion o e(#lo+(en is no or an+ o !e cause #ro)i%e% *+ law, i is illeal an% !ee(#lo+ee s!oul% *e reinsae% an% #ai%*acwaes. 8o conen% !a e)en i !eer(inaion is or a >us cause, !e e(#lo+eeconcerne% s!oul% *e reinsae% an% #ai%*acwaes woul% *e o a(en% r 2&9 *+a%%in ano!er roun% or consi%erin

%is(issal illeal. i is s!own !a !e e(#lo+ee was %is(isse%or an+ o !e causes (enione% in r 22,!e in accor%ance wi! !a aricle, !e s!oul%no *e reinsae% *u (us *e #ai% *acwaesro( !e i(e !is e(#lo+(en was er(inae%unil i is %eer(ine% !a !e er(inaion o e(#lo+(en is or a >us cause *ecause !eailure o !ear !i( *eore !e is %is(isse%ren%ers !e er(inaion wi!ou leal eBec.

ANG TI)AY VS COURT OF INDUSTRIAL

RELATIONS

D%" Po'"## A/0+ )o/+"# CIR

8eo%oro8ori*io owns an% o#eraes n 8i*a+a lea!er co(#an+ w!ic! su##lies !eP!ili##ine r(+. Due o allee% s!orae o lea!er, 8ori*io cause% !e la+ oB o (e(*erso Naional La*or @nion nc. NL@ a)erre%!a 8ori*io?s ac is no )ali% as i is no wi!in!e C$. 8!a !ere are wo la*or unions in

n 8i*a+ NL@ an% Naional orer?s

$ro!er!oo%. 8!a N$ is %o(inae% *+8ori*io !ence !e a)ors i o)er NL@. 8!a NL@wis!es or a new rial as !e+ were a*le oco(e u# wi! new e)i%ence%ocu(ens !a!e+ were no a*le o o*ain *eore as !e+were inaccessi*le an% !e+ were no a*le o#resen i *eore in !e CR.

ISSUE !e!er or no !ere !as *een a %ue#rocess o law.

HELD: 8!e :C rule% !a !ere s!oul% *e a

new rial in a)or o NL@. 8!e :C rule% !aall a%(inisrai)e *o%ies canno inore or%isrear% !e un%a(enal an% essenialre


14/40

02 No onl+ (us !e #ar+ *e i)en ano##oruni+ o #resen !is case an% o a%%ucee)i%ence en%in o esa*lis! !e ri!s w!ic!!e assers *u !e ri*unal (us consi%er !ee)i%ence #resene%.

03 !ile !e %u+ o %eli*erae %oes no

i(#ose !e o*liaion o %eci%e ri!, i %oesi(#l+ a necessi+ w!ic! canno *e%isrear%e%, na(el+, !a o !a)in so(e!ino su##or is %ecision. %ecision wi!a*soluel+ no!in o su##or i is a nulli+, a#lace w!en %irecl+ aac!e%.

04 No onl+ (us !ere *e so(e e)i%enceo su##or a /n%in or conclusion *u !ee)i%ence (us *e Qsu*sanial. :u*saniale)i%ence is (ore !an a (ere scinilla (eans suc! rele)an e)i%ence as a reasona*le

(in% (i! acce# as a%eu%es, !ereore, (us ac on is or !isown in%e#en%en consi%eraion o !e law an%acs o !e conro)ers+, an% no si(#l+ acce#

!e )iews o a su*or%inae in arri)in a a%ecision.

0& 8!e Cour o n%usrial Relaionss!oul%, in all conro)ersial


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SU)STANTIVE DUE PROCESS

cases:UNITED STATES VS. LUIS TORI)IO

Police Power

:o(ei(e in !e 19''s, 8ori*io a##lie% or alicense o !a)e !is cara*ao *e slau!ere%.Iis reurious o !e ri!s o !e #u*lics. ll#ro#er+ is acure !e euncion #ra+e% or *+ "8DC.Ience, !e a##eal *+ !e #eiioners.

I##%": !e!er or no !e Or%inance No.&&3 is consiuional

H"*/: NO8!ere is a clear in)asion o #ersonal or#ro#er+ ri!s, #ersonal in !e case o !osein%i)i%uals %esirous o ownin, o#erain an%#aroni=in !ose (oels an% #ro#er+ in

er(s o !e in)es(ens (a%e an% !esalaries o *e #ai% o !ose !erein e(#lo+e%. !e Ci+ o "anila so %esires o #u an en%o #rosiuion, ornicaion an% o!er socialills, i can insea% i(#ose reasona*lereulaions suc! as %ail+ ins#ecions o !eesa*lis!(ens or an+ )iolaion o !econ%iions o !eir licenses or #er(is i (a+eercise is au!ori+ o sus#en% or re)oe!eir licenses or !ese )iolaions an% i (a+e)en i(#ose increase% license ees. n o!erwor%s, !ere are o!er (eans o reasona*l+

acco(#lis! !e %esire% en%.

Police #ower leislaion o suc!c!aracer %eser)es !e ull en%orse(en o wereierae our su##or or i. $u ins#ie o is !e >u%iciar+ )iruous ai(s, !eenac(en o !e Or%inance !as no sauor+or consiuional au!ori+ o san% on. Local


16/40

leislai)e *o%ies, in !is case, !e Ci+Council, canno #ro!i*i !e o#eraion o !eenu(erae% esa*lis!(ens or or%er !eirranser or con)ersion wi!ou inrinin !econsiuional uaranees no e)en un%er !euise o %ue #rocess an% e


17/40

#rocess. 8!e #olice #ower is si(#l+ %e/ne% as!e #ower in!eren in !e :ae o reulaeli*er+ an% #ro#er+ or !e #ro(oion o !eeneral welare. $+ reason o is uncion, ieen%s o all !e rea #u*lic nee%s an% is%escri*e% as !e (os #er)asi)e, !e leasli(ia*le an% !e (os %e(an%in o !e !reein!eren #owers o !e :ae, ar ou#acin

aaion an% e(inen %o(ain. 8!e in%i)i%ual,as a (e(*er o socie+, is !e((e% in *+ !e#olice #ower, w!ic! aBecs !i( e)en *eore!e is *orn an% ollows !i( sill aer !e is%ea% ro( !e wo(* o *e+on% !e o(* in#racicall+ e)er+!in !e %oes or owns. sreac! is )iruall+ li(iless. is a u*iusi/caion is oun% in !e

)enera*le Lain (ai(s, :alus #o#uli essu#re(a le an% :ic uere uo u alienu( nonlae%as, w!ic! call or !e su*or%inaion o in%i)i%ual ineress o !e *ene/ o !ereaer nu(*er.

;irs Re


18/40

7O 626- is unconsiuional

n !e insan case, !e cara*aos werear*iraril+ con/scae% *+ !e #olice saionco((an%er, were reurne% o !e #eiioneronl+ aer !e !a% /le% a co(#lain orreco)er+ an% i)en a su#erse%eas *on% o

P12,'''.'', w!ic! was or%ere% con/scae%u#on !is ailure o #ro%uce !e cara*aos w!enor%ere% *+ !e rial cour. 8!e eecui)eor%er %e/ne% !e #ro!i*iion, con)ice% !e#eiioner an% i((e%iael+ i(#ose%#unis!(en, w!ic! was carrie% ou or!ri!.8!e (easure sruc a once an% #ounce%u#on !e #eiioner wi!ou i)in !i( ac!ance o *e !ear%, !us %en+in !i( !ecenuries-ol% uaran+ o ele(enar+ air #la+. !as alrea%+ *een re(are% !a !ere areoccasions w!en noice an% !earin (a+ *e

)ali%l+ %is#ense% wi! nowi!san%in !eusual reu%icial onl+. n !eece#ional cases acce#e%, !owe)er, !ere isa >usi/caion or !e o(ission o !e ri! o a#re)ious !earin, o wi, !e i((e%iac+ o !e#ro*le( sou! o *e correce% an% !eurenc+ o !e nee% o correc i.

n !e case *eore us, !ere was no suc!#ressure o i(e or acion callin or !e#eiioners #ere(#or+ rea(en. 8!e#ro#eries in)ol)e% were no e)en ini(ical #erse as o reusice,wi! !e accuse% *ein accor%e% all !e ri!ssaeuar%e% o !i( un%er !e Consiuion.Consi%erin !a, as we !el% in Pesian ).

neles, 7ecui)e Or%er No. 626- is #enal

in naure, !e )iolaion !ereo s!oul% !a)e*een #ronounce% no *+ !e #olice onl+ *u *+a cour o >usice, w!ic! alone woul% !a)e !a%!e au!ori+ o i(#ose !e #rescri*e%#enal+, an% onl+ aer rial an% con)icion o !e accuse%.

e also (ar, on o# o all !is, !e


19/40

YNOT (. IACPolice Power – No ali%l+ 7ercise%8!ere !a% *een an eisin law w!ic!#ro!i*ie% !e slau!erin o cara*aos 07O626. 8o sren!en !e law, "arcos issue%7O 626- w!ic! no onl+ *anne% !e(o)e(en o cara*aos ro( iner#ro)inces

*u as well as !e (o)e(en o cara*ee. On13 Jan 194, Eno was cau! rans#orin 6cara*aos ro( "as*ae o loilo. Ie was !enc!are% in )iolaion o 7O 626-. Enoa)erre% 7O 626- as unconsiuional or i

)iolae% !is ri! o *e !ear% or !is ri! o%ue #rocess. Ie sai% !a !e au!ori+#ro)i%e% *+ 7O 626- o ouri!l+ con/scaecara*aos e)en wi!ou *ein !ear% isunconsiuional. 8!e lower cour rule%aains Eno rulin !a !e 7O is a )ali%eercise o #olice #ower in or%er o #ro(oe

eneral welare so as o cur* %own !ein%iscri(inae slau!er o cara*aos.ISSUE: !e!er or no !e law is )ali%.

HELD: 8!e :C rule% !a !e 7O is no )ali%as i in%ee% )iolaes %ue #rocess. 7O 626- creae% a #resu(#ion *ase% on !e

>u%(en o !e eecui)e. 8!e (o)e(en o cara*aos ro( one area o !e o!er %oes no(ean a su*seu%e !e uil o !e su##ose% oBen%er is aclear encroac!(en on >u%icial uncions an%(iliaes aains !e %ocrine o se#araion o #owers. 8!ere is, /nall+, also an in)ali%%eleaion o leislai)e #owers o !e oBicers(enione% !erein w!o are rane% unli(ie%%iscreion in !e %isri*uion o !e #ro#eriesar*iraril+ aen.

LUPANGO (. CA

FACTS: PRC issue% a resoluion %irecin!a no ea(inee or !e CP $oar% 7a(s!all aen% an+ re)iew class, *rie/n,conerence or !e lie con%uce% *+, or s!allrecei)e an+ !an%-ou, re)iew (aerial, or an+i# ro( an+ sc!ool, collee or uni)ersi+, or

an+ re)iew cener or !e lie or an+ re)iewer,lecurer, insrucor oBicial or e(#lo+ee o an+o !e aore(enione% or si(ilars insiuions%urin !e 3 %a+s i((e%iael+ #rocee%ine)er+ ea(inaion %a+ inclu%in ea(inaion%a+.

HELD: :uc! resoluion is unreasona*le. 8!eunreasona*leness is (ore o*)ious in !a onew!o is cau! co((iin !e #ro!i*ie% acse)en wi!ou an+ ill (oi)es will *e *arre%ro( ain uure ea(inaions con%uce% *+

!e res#on%en PRC. ;ur!er(ore, i isinconcei)a*le !ow !e Co((ission can(anae o !a)e a wac!ul e+e on eac! an%e)er+ ea(inee %urin !e !ree %a+s *eore!e ea(inaion #erio%.

%(inisrai)e au!oriies s!oul% no acar*iraril+ an% ca#riciousl+ in !e issuance o rules an% reulaions. To " (*+/, #%'2%*"# / "1%*t+o# 0%#t " "#o*"/ $+* /!t"/ to t2" "/ + (+"w . s!own o *ear no reasona*le relaion o !e

#ur#oses or w!ic! !e+ are au!ori=e% o *eissue%, !en !e+ (us *e !el% o *e in)ali%.

PRC !as no au!ori+ o %icae on !ere)iewees as o !ow !e+ s!oul% #re#are!e(sel)es or !e licensure ea(inaions, as!is will inrine n !e ea(inees? ri! oli*er+.:uc! resoluion also )iolaes !e aca%e(icree%o( o !e sc!ools concerne%. 8!eenorce(en o Resoluion No. 1'5 is no auaranee !a !e allee% leaaes in !e

licensure ea(inaions will *e era%icae% ora leas (ini(i=e%. !a is nee%e% o *e %one*+ !e res#on%en is o /n% ou !e source o suc! leaaes an% so# i ri! !ere.

)ALACUIT (. CFI

FACTS:


20/40

issue in !e #eiion or re)iew *eore @s is!e )ali%i+ an% consiuionali+ o Or%inanceNo. 64' #asse% *+ !e "unici#al $oar% o !eCi+ o $uuan on #ril 21, 1969, !e ile an%e o w!ic! are re#ro%uce% *elowORDNNC7 P7NLVNG NE P7R:ON,GRO@P O; P7R:ON:, 7N88E OR CORPOR8ON 7NGG7D N 8I7

$@:N7:: O; :7LLNG D"::ON8CK78: 8O NE "O7 OR O8I7R P@$LC7MI$8ON:, G"7:, CON87:8: OR O8I7R P7R;OR"NC7: 8O R7@R7CILDR7N $7877N :77N 0& ND87L7 012 E7R: O; G7 8O PE ;@LLPE"7N8 ;OR 8CK78: N87ND7D ;OR

D@L8: $@8 :IO@LD CIRG7 ONLE ON7-IL; O; 8I7 :D 8CK78Peiioners are Carlos $alacui La(*ero 8an,an% :erio Eu Carcel (anaers o !e!eaers an% !e+ aac !e )ali%i+ an%

consiuionali+ o Or%inance No. 64' on !eroun%s !a i is ulra )ires an% an in)ali%eercise o #olice #ower.

ISSUE:Does !is #ower o reulae inclu%e !eau!ori+ o inerere in !e /in o #rices o a%(ission o !ese #laces o e!i*iion an%a(use(en w!e!er un%er is eneral rano #ower or un%er !e eneral welare clauseas in)oe% *+ !e Ci+A

RULING:No, !e #ower o reulae an% / !e a(ouno license ees or !eaers an% o!er #laces o a(use(en !as *een e#ressl+ rane% o !eCi+ o $uuan un%er is c!arer.Iowe)er, !e or%inance is no >usi/e% *+ an+necessi+ or !e #u*lic ineres. 8!e #olice#ower leislaion (us *e /r(l+ roun%e% on#u*lic ineres an% welare, an% a reasona*lerelaion (us eis *eween #ur#oses an%(eans.8!e e)i%en #ur#ose o !e or%inance is o

!el# ease !e *ur%en o cos on !e #ar o #arens w!o !a)e o s!ell ou !e sa(ea(oun o (one+ or !e a%(ission o !eirc!il%ren. re%ucion in !e #rice o a%(issionwoul% (ean corres#on%in sa)ins or !e#arens !owe)er, !e #eiioners are !e ones(a%e o *ear !e cos o !ese sa)ins.8!e or%inance %oes no onl+ (ae !e#eiioners suBer !e loss o earnins *u i

liewise #enali=es !e( or ailure o co(#l+wi! i.8!e or%inance %oes no #ro)i%e a saeuar%aains !is un%esira*le #racice an% as suc!,!e res#on%en Ci+ o $uuan now suess!a *ir! ceri/caes *e e!i*ie% *+ (o)ie!ouse #arons o #ro)e !e ae o c!il%ren.8!is is, !owe)er, no a all #racica*le. e can

see !a !e or%inance is clearl+ unreasona*lei no un%ul+ o##ressi)e u#on !e *usiness o #eiioners.;ur!er, !ere is no %iscerni*le relaion*eween !e or%inance an% !e #ro(oion o #u*lic !eal!, sae+, (orals an% !e eneralwelare.;ur!er(ore, !ere is no!in #ernicious in%e(an%in eec o e)er+ *usiness enre#reneur is o (ae a

#ro/ ou o !is )enure. n ac, no #erson isun%er co(#ulsion o #urc!ase a ice. is aoall+ )olunar+ ac on !e #ar o !e#urc!aser i !e *u+s a ice o suc!#eror(ancesOr%inance No. 64' clearl+ in)a%es !e#ersonal an% #ro#er+ ri!s o #eiionersI7R7;OR7, a new >u%(en is !ere*+ren%ere% %eclarin Or%inance No. 64'unconsiuional an%, !ereore, null an% )oi%.

EJUAL PROTECTION CLAUSE

cases:

INTKL. SCHOOL ALLIANCE VS.JUISUM)ING SCRA 7B G.R. NO.

75>>68B 7 UN 5???

FACTS:Recei)in salaries less !an !eir couner#ars!ire% a*roa%, !e local-!ires o #ri)aeres#on%en :c!ool, (osl+ ;ili#inos, cr+%iscri(inaion. e aree. 8!a !e local-!iresare #ai% (ore !an !eir colleaues in o!ersc!ools is, o course, *esi%e !e #oin. 8!e#oin is !a e(#lo+ees s!oul% *e i)en e


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e%ucaional insiuion esa*lis!e% #ri(aril+or %e#en%ens o orein %i#lo(aic#ersonnel an% o!er e(#orar+ resi%ens. 8oena*le !e :c!ool o coninue carr+in ou ise%ucaional #rora( an% i(#ro)e is san%ar%o insrucion, :ecion 20c o !e sa(e %ecreeau!ori=es !e :c!ool o e(#lo+ is owneac!in an% (anae(en #ersonnel selece%

*+ i ei!er locall+ or a*roa%, ro( P!ili##ineor o!er naionaliies, suc! #ersonnel *einee(# ro( o!erwise a##lica*le laws an%reulaions aen%in !eir e(#lo+(en,ece# laws !a !a)e *een or will *e enace%or !e #roecion o e(#lo+ees.

ccor%inl+, !e :c!ool !ires *o! orein an%local eac!ers as (e(*ers o is acul+,classi+in !e sa(e ino wo 01 orein-!iresan% 02 local-!ires.

8!e :c!ool rans orein-!ires cerain*ene/s no accor%e% local-!ires. 8!eseinclu%e !ousin, rans#oraion, s!i##incoss, aes, an% !o(e lea)e ra)el allowance.;orein-!ires are also #ai% a salar+ raewen+-/)e #ercen 025W (ore !an local-!ires. 8!e :c!ool >usi/es !e %iBerence onwo Fsini/can econo(ic %isa%)anaesForein-!ires !a)e o en%ure, na(el+ 0a !eF%islocaion acorF an% 0* li(ie% enure.

ISSUE:

!e!er or No !e rans #ro)i%e% *+ !esc!ool o orein !ires an% no o local !ires%iscri(inai)e o !eir consiuional ri! o!e euris%icion !e lon!onore% leal ruis( o Fe


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FARINAS VS EXECUTIVE SECRETARY GR No.14&3&

Dece(*er 1',2''3

FACTS:

$eore !e cour is a #eiion o %eclare asunconsiuional :ec.14 o R 9''6 08!e airelecion ac insoar as i e#ressl+ re#eals:ec.6& o $P 1 08!e O(ni*us 7lecionCo%e /le% *+ ;arinas e al, (inori+ (e(*erso !e (inori+ *loc in !e IR. (#lea%e% asres#on%ens are !e 7ecui)e sec, :#eaer o !e Iouse eal.

ISSUE:1. ON !e eBeci)i+ clause w!ic! saesQ8!is c s!all ae eBec u#on is a##ro)al

0:ec.16 is a )iolaion o !e %ue #rocessclause o !e Consiuion

RULING:1. n eBeci)i+ clause w!ic! #ro)i%es!a !e law Qs!all ae i((e%iael+ u#on isa##ro)al is %eeci)e, *u i %oes no ren%er!e enire law in)ali%, !e law s!all ae eBec/en %a+s aer is #u*licaion in !e OG ornews#a#er o eneral circulaion. n 8ana%a

)s 8u)era, !e cour lai% %own !e rule Q8!eclause, unless o!erwise #ro)i%e% reers o

!e %ae o eBeci)i+ an% no o !ere38-3, FE)RUARY , 5???

FACTS:8!e accuse%-a##ellan, Ro(eo Jalos>os, is aull-e%e% (e(*er o Conress w!o iscon/ne% a !e naional #enieniar+ w!ile !iscon)icion or sauor+ ra#e an% acs o lasci)iousness is #en%in a##eal. 8!e

accuse%-a##ellan /le% a (oion asin !a!e *e allowe% o ull+ %isc!are !e %uies o a Conress(an, inclu%in aen%ance aleislai)e sessions an% co((iee (eeins%es#ie !is !a)in *een con)ice% in !e /rsinsance o a non-*aila*le oBense on !e *asiso #o#ular so)erein+ an% !e nee% or !isconsiuens o *e re#resene%.

ISSUE: !e!er or no accuse%-a##ellan s!oul% *eallowe% o %isc!are (an%ae as (e(*er o Iouse o Re#resenai)es

RULING:7lecion is !e e#ression o !e so)erein

#ower o !e #eo#le. Iowe)er, ins#ie o isi(#orance, !e #ri)ilees an% ri!s arisinro( !a)in *een elece% (a+ *e enlare% orresrice% *+ law.

8!e i((uni+ ro( arres or %eenion o :enaors an% (e(*ers o !e Iouse o Re#resenai)es arises ro( a #ro)ision o !eConsiuion. 8!e #ri)ilee !as alwa+s *eenrane% in a resrici)e sense. 8!e #ro)isionranin an ee(#ion as a s#ecial #ri)ileecanno *e een%e% *e+on% !e or%inar+

(eanin o is er(s. (a+ no *e een%e%*+ inen%(en, i(#licaion or e


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(ille% a !e Or(oc :uar Co(#an+ncor#orae%, in Or(oc Ci+ a (unici#al ae


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;ur!er, #eiioner illusraes !a Jalos>os wasc!are% wi! cri(es in)ol)in (oralur#iu%e, i.e., wo couns o sauor+ ra#ean% si couns o acs o lasci)iousness,w!ereas !e is in%ice% or cou# %ea w!ic! isrear%e% as a F#oliical oBense.F

;ur!er(ore, #eiioner >usi/es in !is a)or

!e #resence o no*le causes in e#ressinleii(ae rie)ances aains !e ra(#anan% insiuionali=e% #racice o ra an%corru#ion in !e ;P.

#lain rea%in o Jalos>os suess o!erwise,!owe)er.

8!e %isincions cie% *+ #eiioner were noele(enal in !e #ronounce(en in Jalos>os!a elecion o Conress is no a reasona*leclassi/caion in cri(inal law enorce(en as

!e uncions an% %uies o !e oBice are nosu*sanial %isincions w!ic! li one ro( !eclass o #risoners inerru#e% in !eir ree%o(an% resrice% in li*er+ o (o)e(en.

canno *e ainsai% !a a #erson c!are%wi! a cri(e is aen ino cuso%+ or#ur#oses o !e a%(inisraion o >usice. Noless !an !e Consiuion #ro)i%es

ll #ersons, ece# !ose c!are% wi!oBenses #unis!a*le *+ reclusion #er#eua

w!en e)i%ence o uil is sron, s!all, *eorecon)icion, *e *aila*le *+ suBicien sureies,or *e release% on reconi=ance as (a+ *e#ro)i%e% *+ law. 8!e ri! o *ail s!all no *ei(#aire% e)en w!en !e #ri)ilee o !e wrio !a*eas cor#us is sus#en%e%. 7cessi)e *ails!all no *e reusi/es !e%eenion o an accuse% as a )ali% curail(eno !is ri! o #ro)isional li*er+. 8!isaccenuaes !e #ro)iso !a !e %enial o !eri! o *ail in suc! cases is Frear%less o !esae o !e cri(inal acion.F :uc!

>usi/caion or con/ne(en wi! isun%erl+in raionale o #u*lic sel-%eensea##lies eos.

Peiioner oes on o allee !a unlie Jalos>os w!o ae(#e% o e)a%e rial, !e isno a i! ris since !e )olunaril+surren%ere% o !e #ro#er au!oriies an%suc! can *e #ro)en *+ !e nu(erous i(es !ewas allowe% o ra)el ousi%e !is #lace o %eenion.

:u*se


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ART. S"'. 5 RIGHTS OFUNREASONA)LE SEARCHES ANDSEIURE

cases:

VALMONTE VS. DE VILLA

FACTS: On 2' Januar+ 19&, !e Naional Ca#ialReion Disric Co((an% 0NCRDC wasaci)ae% #ursuan o Leer o nsrucion'2& o !e P!ili##ine General Iea%ece% o reularsearc!es an% c!ec-u#s, es#eciall+ a ni! or

a %awn, wi!ou !e *ene/ o a searc!warran an%or cour or%er. 8!eir allee% earor !eir sae+ increase% w!en, a %awn o 9

Jul+ 19, $en>a(in Par#on, a su##l+ oBicero !e "unici#ali+ o alen=uela, $ulacan,was unne% %own allee%l+ in col% *loo% *+!e (e(*ers o !e NCRDC (annin !ec!ec#oin alon "cr!ur Ii!wa+ a"alina, alen=uela, or inorin an%orreusin o su*(i !i(sel o !e c!ec#oinan% or coninuin o s#ee% oB ins#ire o warnin s!os /re% in !e air.

ISSUE: ON !e insallaion o c!ec#oins )iolaes!e ri! o !e #eo#le aains unreasona*lesearc!es an% sei=ures

RULING:

Peiioners concern or !eir sae+ an%a##re!ension a *ein !arasse% *+ !e(iliar+ (annin !e c!ec#oins are nosuBicien roun%s o %eclare !e c!ec#oins#er se, illeal. No #roo !as *een #resene%*eore !e Cour o s!ow !a, in !e course o !eir rouine c!ecs, !e (iliar+, in%ee%,co((ie% s#eci/c )iolaions o #eiioners

ri!s aains unlawul searc! an% sei=ure o o!er ri!s. 8!e consiuional ri! aainsunreasona*le searc!es an% sei=ures is a#ersonal ri! in)oca*le onl+ *+ !ose w!oseri!s !a)e *een inrine%, or !reaene% o*e inrine%. No all searc!es an% sei=uresare #ro!i*ie%. 8!ose w!ic! are reasona*leare no or*i%%en. 8!e sein u# o !e


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nonio J. Le>ano an% si 06 o!er #ersonswi! !e cri(e o Ra#e an% Io(ici%e o Car(ela N. i=con%e, !er (o!er 7srelliaNicolas-i=con%e, an% !er siser nne "arie

Jennier in !eir !o(e a Nu(*er ' . in=ons, :., $; Io(es Parana


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i! rear% o !e inconsisencies o !esworn sae(ens o Jessica laro, !e Cour*elie)es !a !ese !a)e *een suBicienl+e#laine% an% !ere is no s!owin !a !einconsisencies were %eli*erael+ (a%e o%isor !e ru!.

i! rear% o !e #eiioners? co(#lain

a*ou !e #re>u%icial #u*lici+ !a aen%e%!eir #reli(inar+ in)esiaion, !e Cour/n%s no!in in !e recor%s !a will #ro)e!a !e one an% conen o !e #u*lici+ !aaen%e% !e in)esiaion o #eiionersaall+ inece% !e airness an% i(#ariali+ o !e DOJ Panel. Peiioners canno >us rel+ on!e su*li(inal eBecs o #u*lici+ on !e senseo airness o !e DOJ Panel, or !ese are*asicall+ un*enown an% *e+on% nowin.

LIM, SR. VS UDGE FELIX

GR NO:. 95954-& 0;7$R@RE 19, 1991

FACTS:

-On "arc! 1&, 199, a a*ou &3' ocloc in!e (ornin, a !e )icini+ o !e air#or roa%o !e "as*ae Do(esic ir#or, locae% a!e (unici#ali+ o "as*ae #ro)ince o "as*ae, Conress(an "oises 7s#inosa, :r.an% !is securi+ escors, na(el+ Pro)incialGuar%s nonio Cores, Gas#ar (aro, an%

re(io ;uenes were aace% an% ille% *+a lone assassin. Dane :i*lane ano!ersecuri+ escor o Conress(an 7s#inosa, :r.sur)i)e% !e assassinaion #lo, al!ou!, !e!i(sel suBere% a uns!o woun%.

-n in)esiaion o !e inci%en !enollowe%.

-8!ereaer, an% or !e #ur#ose o #reli(inar+ in)esiaion, !e %esinae%

in)esiaor, Iarr+ O. 8ania%o, 8:, o !e PCCri(inal n)esiaion :er)ice a Ca(#$aon *alon Lea=#i Ci+ /le% an a(en%e%co(#lain wi! !e "unici#al 8rial Cour o "as*ae accusin, a(on o!ers, iceneLi(, :r., "a+or :usana Li( o "as*ae, Joll+8. ;ernan%e=, ;lorencio 8. ;ernan%e=, Jr.,Nonilon . $aali!o, "a+or Nesor C. Li(an% "a+or nonio K!o o !e cri(e o

(uli#le (ur%er an% rusrae% (ur%er inconnecion wi! !e air#or inci%en. 8!e casewas %ocee% as Cri(inal Case No. 9211.

-er con%ucin !e #reli(inar+in)esiaion, !e cour issue% an or%er %ae%

Jul+ 31, 199 sain !erein !a

Q. . . aer wei!in !e aBi%a)is an% answersi)en *+ !e winesses or !e #rosecuion%urin !e #reli(inar+ ea(inaion insearc!in


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an% (aniesaions an% issue% warrans o arres aains !e accuse% inclu%in !e#eiioners !erein. 8!e >u%e wroe, Qn !einsan cases, !e #reli(inar+ in)esiaionwas con%uce% *+ !e "unici#al 8rial Cour o "as*ae, "as*ae w!ic! oun% !e eisenceo #ro*a*le cause !a !e oBense o (uli#le(ur%er was co((ie% an% !a all !e

accuse% are #ro*a*l+ uil+ !ereo, w!ic!was aBir(e% u#on re)iew *+ !e Pro)incialProsecuor w!o #ro#erl+ /le% wi! !eReional 8rial Cour our se#araeinor(aions or (ur%er. Consi%erin !a*o! !e wo co(#een oBicers o w!o( suc!%u+ was enruse% *+ law !a)e %eclare% !eeisence o #ro*a*le cause, eac! inor(aionis co(#lee in or( an% su*sance, an% !ereis no )isi*le %eec on is ace, !is Cour /n%si >us an% #ro#er o rel+ on !e #rosecuorsceri/caion in eac! inor(aionX

-Peiioners u%(en o Ju%e;eli 0sae(en i((e%iael+ #rece%in !is#arara#!, ialici=e%.ISSUE:ON a >u%e (a+ issue a warran o arreswi!ou *ail *+ si(#l+ rel+in on !e#rosecuions ceri/caion an%reco((en%aion !a a #ro*a*le cause eiss.

RULING: 8!e


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an a(os#!ere con%uci)e o !e social,econo(ic an% #oliical %e)elo#(en o !eNaional Ca#ial Reion. s #ar o is %u+ o(ainain #eace an% or%er, !e NCRDCinsalle% c!ec#oins in )arious #ars o

alen=uela, "ero "anila. Peiioners a)er!a, *ecause o !e insallaion o sai%c!ec#oins, !e resi%ens o alen=uela are

worrie% o *ein !arasse% an% o !eir sae+*ein #lace% a !e ar*irar+, ca#ricious an%w!i(sical %is#osiion o !e (iliar+ (annin!e c!ec#oins, consi%erin !a !eir carsan% )e!icles are *ein su*>ece% o reularsearc!es an% c!ec-u#s, es#eciall+ a ni! ora %awn, wi!ou !e *ene/ o a searc!warran an%or cour or%er. 8!eir allee% earor !eir sae+ increase% w!en, a %awn o 9

Jul+ 19, $en>a(in Par#on, a su##l+ oBicero !e "unici#ali+ o alen=uela, $ulacan,was unne% %own allee%l+ in col% *loo% *+

!e (e(*ers o !e NCRDC (annin !ec!ec#oin alon "cr!ur Ii!wa+ a"alina, alen=uela, or inorin an%orreusin o su*(i !i(sel o !e c!ec#oinan% or coninuin o s#ee% oB ins#ire o warnin s!os /re% in !e air.

ISSUE: ON !e insallaion o c!ec#oins )iolaes!e ri! o !e #eo#le aains unreasona*lesearc!es an% sei=ures

RULING:Peiioners concern or !eir sae+ an%a##re!ension a *ein !arasse% *+ !e(iliar+ (annin !e c!ec#oins are nosuBicien roun%s o %eclare !e c!ec#oins#er se, illeal. No #roo !as *een #resene%*eore !e Cour o s!ow !a, in !e course o !eir rouine c!ecs, !e (iliar+, in%ee%,co((ie% s#eci/c )iolaions o #eiionersri!s aains unlawul searc! an% sei=ure o o!er ri!s. 8!e consiuional ri! aainsunreasona*le searc!es an% sei=ures is a

#ersonal ri! in)oca*le onl+ *+ !ose w!oseri!s !a)e *een inrine%, or !reaene% o*e inrine%. No all searc!es an% sei=uresare #ro!i*ie%. 8!ose w!ic! are reasona*leare no or*i%%en. 8!e sein u# o !e


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5>? SCRA 6??FACTS:Narcoics oBicers were %oin sur)eillance an%c!ance% u#on !e accuse% in a ce(eer+ w!osee(e% o *e !i! on %rus. Ie rie% oresis !e #olice oBicers an% u#on inuana lea)es.

HELD: so#-an%-ris was %e/ne% as !e )ernacular%esinaion o !e ri! o a #olice oBicer oso# a cii=en on !e sree, inerroae !i(,an% #a !i( or wea#ons. !as *een !el% asone o !e ece#ions o !e eneral ruleaains searc!es wi!ou warran.

PEOPLE VS. ARUTA5>> SCRA 5

G.R. NO. 12'515 13 PR 199

FACTSOn Dec. 13, 19, PL. *ello was i##e% oB *+ !is inor(an !a a cerain Qlin Rosawill *e arri)in ro( $auio Ci+ wi! a lare

)olu(e o (ari>uana an% asse(*le% a ea(.8!e ne %a+, a !e icor+ Liner $user(inal !e+ waie% or !e *us co(in ro($auio, w!en !e inor(er #oine% ou w!oQlin Rosa was, !e ea( a##roac!e% !eran% inro%uce% !e(sel)es as NRCO"aens. !en *ello ase% Qalin Rosa a*ou

!e conens o !er *a, !e laer !an%e% iou o !e #olice. 8!e+ oun% %rie% (ari>uanalea)es #ace% in a #lasic *a (are% Qcas!aua.

nsea% o #resenin is e)i%ence, !e%eense /le% a %e(urrer o e)i%ence allein!e illeali+ o !e searc! an% sei=ure o !eie(s. n !er esi(on+, !e accuse% clai(e%!a s!e !a% >us co(e ro( C!oice !earew!ere s!e wac!e% a (o)ie Q$alwe. !ilea*ou o cross !e roa% an ol% wo(an ase%

!er or !el# in carr+in a s!oul%er *a, w!ens!e was laer on arrese% *+ !e #olice. :!e!as no nowle%e o !e i%eni+ o !e ol%wo(an an% !e wo(an was now!ere o *eoun%. lso, no searc! warran was #resene%.

8!e rial cour con)ice% !e accuse% in )iolaion o !e %anerous %rus o 19&2

ISSUE: !e!er or No !e #olice correcl+ searc!e%an% sei=e% !e %rus ro( !e accuse%.

RULING8!e ollowin cases are s#eci/call+ #ro)i%e%or allowe% *+ law

1. arranless searc! inci%enal o a lawularres reconi=e% un%er :ecion 12, Rule 126o !e Rules o Cour an% *+ #re)ailin

>uris#ru%ence2. :ei=ure o e)i%ence in F#lain )iew,F !eele(ens o w!ic! are 0a a #rior )ali%inrusion *ase% on !e )ali% warranlessarres in w!ic! !e #olice are leall+ #resenin !e #ursui o !eir oBicial %uies 0* !ee)i%ence was ina%)erenl+ %isco)ere% *+ !e#olice w!o !a% !e ri! o *e w!ere !e+ are

0c !e e)i%ence (us *e i((e%iael+a##aren, an% 0% F#lain )iewF >usi/e% (eresei=ure o e)i%ence wi!ou ur!er searc!3. :earc! o a (o)in )e!icle. Ii!l+reulae% *+ !e o)ern(en, !e )e!iclesin!eren (o*ili+ re%uces e#ecaion o #ri)ac+ es#eciall+ w!en is ransi in #u*lic!orou!ares urnis!es a !i!l+ reasona*lesus#icion a(ounin o #ro*a*le cause !a!e occu#an co((ie% a cri(inal aci)i+4. Consene% warranless searc!5. Cuso(s searc!

6. :o# an% ;ris&. 7ien an% 7(erenc+ Circu(sances.

8!e essenial reuana was illeal an% ina%(issi*lee)i%ence.


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RULE 77, RULES OF COURT

:ecion 5. rres wi!ou warran w!enlawul. S #eace oBicer or a #ri)ae #erson(a+, wi!ou a warran, arres a #erson

0a !en, in !is #resence, !e #erson o *earrese% !as co((ie%, is acuall+

co((iin, or is ae(#in o co((i anoBense0* !en an oBense !as >us *een co((ie%,an% !e !as #ro*a*le cause o *elie)e *ase% on#ersonal nowle%e o acs or circu(sances!a !e #erson o *e arrese% !as co((ie%i an%0c !en !e #erson o *e arrese% is a#risoner w!o !as esca#e% ro( a #enalesa*lis!(en or #lace w!ere !e is ser)in/nal >u%(en or is e(#oraril+ con/ne%w!ile !is case is #en%in, or !as esca#e%

w!ile *ein ranserre% ro( one con/ne(eno ano!er.

n cases allin un%er #arara#! 0a an% 0*a*o)e, !e #erson arrese% wi!ou a warrans!all *e or!wi! %eli)ere% o !e neares#olice saion or >ail an% s!all *e #rocee%e%aains in accor%ance wi! secion & o Rule112.

RULE 75, RULES OF COURT

:ecion 2. Cour w!ere a##licaion or searc!warran s!all *e /le%. S n a##licaion orsearc! warran s!all *e /le% wi! !eollowin

a n+ cour wi!in w!ose erriorial >uris%icion a cri(e was co((ie%.* ;or co(#ellin reasons sae% in !ea##licaion, an+ cour wi!in !e >u%icialreion w!ere !e cri(e was co((ie% i !e#lace o !e co((ission o !e cri(e isnown, or an+ cour wi!in !e >u%icial reion

w!ere !e warran s!all *e enorce%.

Iowe)er, i !e cri(inal acion !as alrea%+*een /le%, !e a##licaion s!all onl+ *e (a%ein !e cour w!ere !e cri(inal acion is#en%in.

:ecion &. Ri! o *rea %oor or win%ow oeBec searc!. S 8!e oBicer, i reuse%

a%(iance o !e #lace o %irece% searc!aer i)in noice o !is #ur#ose an%au!ori+, (a+ *rea o#en an+ ouer or inner%oor or win%ow o a !ouse or an+ #ar o a!ouse or an+!in !erein o eecue !ewarran or li*erae !i(sel or an+ #ersonlawull+ ai%in !i( w!en unlawull+ %eaine%!erein.

:ecion 12. Deli)er+ o #ro#er+ an% in)enor+!ereo o cour reurn an% #rocee%ins!ereon.

0a 8!e oBicer (us or!wi! %eli)er !e#ro#er+ sei=e% o !e >u%e w!o issue% !ewarran, oe!er wi! a rue in)enor+!ereo %ul+ )eri/e% un%er oa!.0* 8en 01' %a+s aer issuance o !e searc!warran, !e issuin >u%e s!all ascerain i !e reurn !as *een (a%e, an% i none, s!all

su((on !e #erson o w!o( !e warran wasissue% an% reu%e s!all ascerain w!e!ersecion 11 o !is Rule !as *een co(#laine%wi! an% s!all reu%e s!all see o i!a su*secion 0a !ereo !as *een co(#lie%wi!.0c 8!e reurn on !e searc! warran s!all *e/le% an% e# *+ !e cuso%ian o !e lo *oo on searc! warrans w!o s!all ener !erein

!e %ae o !e reurn, !e resul, an% o!eracions o !e >u%e.

)iolaion o !is secion s!all consiuecone(# o cour

SILAHIS INTERNATIONAL HOTEL, INC. (#. SOLUTA

FACTS:Loi%a :o(acera 0Loi%a, a laun%r+wo(an o !e !oel, sa+e% o)erni! a !e e(ale

locer roo( a !e *ase(en o !e !oel. %awn, s!e !ear% #oun%in soun%s ousi%e,s!e saw /)e (en in *aron aalo w!o( s!eaile% o reconi=e *u s!e was sure were noe(#lo+ees o !e !oel, orci*l+ o#enin !e%oor o !e union oBice. n !e (ornin, asunion oBicer :olua was r+in in )ain o o#en!e %oor o !e union oBice, Loi%a narrae% o!i( w!a s!e !a% winesse% a %awn.


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:olua i((e%iael+ lo%e% a co(#lain *eore!e :ecuri+ OBicer. n% !e ec!e% alocs(i!. !a insan, (en in *aronaalo ar(e% wi! clu*s arri)e% an% sare%!iin :olua an% !is co(#anions. Panlilio!ereu#on insruce% illanue)a o orce o#en!e %oor, an% !e laer %i%. Once insi%e,Panlilio an% !is co(#anions *ean searc!in

!e oBice, o)er !e o*>ecion o $a*a+ w!oe)en ase% !e( i !e+ !a% a searc! warran. #lasic *a was oun% conainin (ari>uanaowerin o#s.

s a resul o !e %isco)er+ o !e #resence o (ari>uana in !e union oBice an% aer !e#olice con%uce% an in)esiaion o !einci%en, a co(#lain aains !e 13 unionoBicers was /le% *eore !e ;iscal?s OBice o "anila. R8C ac


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suc! auo(o*ile was a F!o car.F $+ )irue!ereo, #eiioner, !rou! !is su*or%inaes,looe% ino !e recor%s o !is oBice an%asceraine% !a !e a(oun colleci*le onsai% car s!oul% *e P2,5''.'', (ore or less.$ase% on suc! %iscre#anc+, #eiionerinsiue% sei=ure #rocee%ins an% issue% awarran o sei=ure an% %eenion an% !us !e

su*>ec auo(o*ile was aen. Res#on%enreu%icial uncionswi! !e Ci+ ;iscal o "anila. s !eres#on%en ;iscal Pa(aran was *en on#rocee%in wi! !e c!are aains #eiioner,an acion or #ro!i*iion was /le% wi! !e:u#re(e Cour.

ISSUE:!e!er or no !e Consiuional #ro)isionw!ic! saes !a onl+ a >u%e coul% issue asearc! warran a##lies o warrans issue% inlieu o )iolaions o cuso(s laws.

HELD:n a recen %ecision o !is Cour, Pa#a )."ao, w!ere !e sei=ure o allee% s(ule%oo%s was eBece% *+ a #olice oBicer wi!oua searc! warran, !is Cour, !rou! JusiceVal%i)ar, sae% FPeiioner "arin laao

an% !is co(#anion #olice(en !a% au!ori+ oeBec !e sei=ure wi!ou an+ searc! warranissue% *+ a co(#onen cour. 8!e 8ariB an%Cuso(s Co%e %oes no reusi/caion orres#on%en ssisan Ci+ ;iscal o coninue

wi! !e #reli(inar+ in)esiaion aer !isaenion was %ul+ calle% o !e #lain an%e#lici leal #ro)ision !a %i% no suBer aall ro( an+ consiuional in/r(i+.

I7R7;OR7, !e wri o #ro!i*iion #ra+e%or is rane% an% !e successor o res#on%en"anuel R. Pa(aran, now a cri(inal circuicour >u%e, or an+ one in !e Ci+ ;iscalsOBice o !e Ci+ o "anila o w!o( !eco(#lain aains #eiioner or usur#aion o

>u%icial uncions arisin ou o !e issuance

o !e warran o sei=ure an% %eenion,su*>ec-(aer o !is liiaion, !as *eenassine%, is #er#euall+ resraine% ro(acin !ereon ece# o %is(iss !e sa(e. Nocoss.

STOP AND FRIS RULE:

cases:

M*'t (#. Co%t o$ A!!"*#GR 75848, 75 D"'"0" 7443

FACTS:On 2& uus 199', a a*ou 63' #.(.,allee%l+ in res#onse o *o(* !reasre#ore% se)en %a+s earlier, Ro%olo Eu o !eesern Police Disric, "ero#olian Police;orce o !e nerae% Naional Police, Police:aion No. 3, uia#o, "anila, was on oo#arol wi! !ree o!er #olice oBicers 0all o


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!e( in unior( alon ue=on $oule)ar%,uia#o, "anila, near !e "ercur+ Dru sorea Pla=a "iran%a. 8!e+ c!ance% u#on worou#s o "usli(-looin (en, wi! eac!rou#, co(#rise% o !ree o our (en, #ose%a o##osie si%es o !e corner o ue=on$oule)ar% near !e "ercur+ Dru :ore.8!ese (en were acin sus#iciousl+ wi!

Q!eir e+es (o)in )er+ as. Eu an% !isco(#anions #osiione% !e(sel)es asraeic #oins an% o*ser)e% *o! rou#s ora*ou 3' (inues. 8!e #olice oBicers !ena##roac!e% one rou# o (en, w!o !en e%in %iBeren %irecions. s !e #olice(en a)ec!ase, Eu cau! u# wi! an% a##re!en%e%:a((+ "alaca + "an%ar 0w!o Eureconi=e%, inas(uc! as allee%l+ !e#re)ious :aur%a+, 25 uus 199', liewisea Pla=a "iran%a, Eu saw "alaca an% 2o!ers ae(# o %eonae a rena%e. @#on

searc!in "alaca, Eu oun% a ra(enaionrena%e uce% insi%e !e laer?s Qron waisline. Eu?s co(#anion, #olice oBicer Roelio"ali*iran, a##re!en%e% *%ul Casan ro(w!o( a .3 cali*er re)ol)er was reco)ere%."alaca an% Casan were !en *rou! oPolice :aion 3 w!ere Eu #lace% an QM (ar a !e *oo( o !e rena%e an% !ereaera)e i o !is co((an%er. Eu %i% no issue an+recei# or !e rena%e !e allee%l+ reco)ere%ro( "alaca. On 3' uus 199', "alacawas c!are% wi! )iolain :ecion 3 o

Presi%enial Decree 166. arrain(en on9 Oco*er 199', #eiioner, assise% *+counsel %e oBicio, enere% a #lea o no uil+."alaca %enie% !e c!ares an% e#laine%!a !e onl+ recenl+ arri)e% in "anila.Iowe)er, se)eral o!er #olice oBicers (aule%!i(, !iin !i( wi! *enc!es an% uns.Peiioner was once aain searc!e%, *uno!in was oun% on !i(. Ie saw !erena%e onl+ in cour w!en i was #resene%.n is %ecision %ae% 1' ;e*ruar+ 1994 *u#ro(ulae% on 15 ;e*ruar+ 1994, !e rial

cour rule% !a !e warranless searc! an%sei=ure o "alaca was ain o a Qso# an%ris, w!ere a Qwarran an% sei=ure can *eeBece% wi!ou necessaril+ *ein #rece%e%*+ an arres an% Qw!ose o*>ec is ei!er o(ainain !e saus


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#ursui arres #rece%in !e searc! in li! o !e lac o #ersonal nowle%e on !e #ar o

Eu, !e arresin oBicer, or an o)er #!+sicalac, on !e #ar o "alaca, in%icain !a acri(e !a% >us *een co((ie%, was *einco((ie% or was oin o *e co((ie%.Plainl+, !e searc! con%uce% on "alacacoul% no !a)e *een one inci%enal o a lawul

arres. On !e o!er !an%, w!ile #ro*a*lecause is no re


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LD87D @ND7R 8I7 DOC8RN7 O;7:8OPP7L. ;OR 8I7 :"7 R7:ON, 8I7CO@R8 CNNO8 CC7P8 P788ON7R?:

7 8I8 "R:. "RCO: :IO@LD I7

;R:8 :O@GI8 8I7 L;8NG O; 8I7:7@7:8R8ON ORD7R 8IRO@GI "O8ON 8O @:I ;L7D 8I 8I7PCGG. $7NG OD, 8I7 :NDGN$ENI: 8I7 PO7R 8O :8RK7 8 DON ON:GI8.

RULING OF THE COURT:

8!e Cour?s Rulin

@n%er :ecio 5, At+'*" XVIII o$ t2"

Co#t+t%t+o, an or%er o se


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carries wi! i !e corollar+ %u+ o (ae a#reli(inar+ %eer(inaion o w!e!er !ere isa reasona*le *asis or seu%(en in%eer(inin !e eisence o a #ri(a aciecase.

8!e a*sence o a #rior %eer(inaion *+ !ePCGG o a #ri(a acie *asis or !ese


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"oion o uas! !e "arc! 1, 196:e


39/40

ISSUE:!e!er or no !e su*sani)e ri! o !eaccuse% or a s#ee%+ rial #re>u%ice% %urin!e !earin o !e case.

RULING:8!e cour rule% !a !e su*sani)e ri! o

!e accuse% or a air an% s#ee%+ rial was no )iolae%. !el% !a !e :#ee%+ 8rial c o 199 #ro)i%es !a !e rial #erio% or !ecri(inal cases s!oul% *e in eneral 1' %a+s.Iowe)er, in %eer(inin !e ri! o anaccuse% o s#ee%+ rial, cours s!oul% %o(ore !an a (a!e(aical co(#uaion o !enu(*er o #os#one(ens o !e sc!e%ule%!earins o !e case.8!e ri! o a s#ee%+rial is %ee(e% )iolae% onl+ w!en 01 !e#rocee%ins are aen%e% *+ )eaious,ca#ricious, an% o##ressi)e %ela+s or 02 w!en

un>usi/e% #os#one(ens are ase% or an%secure% or 03 w!en wi!ou cause or >usi/a*le (oi)e a lon #erio% o i(e isallowe% o ela#se wi!ou !e #ar+ !a)in !iscase rie%.

was s!own *+ !e recor%s !a !e#rosecuion eere% eBors in o*ainin awarran o co(#el !e winess o esi+. 8!econce# o s#ee%+ rial is necessaril+ relai)ew!ere se)eral acors are wei!e% suc! as !elen! o i(e o %ela+, !e reason o suc!

%ela+, an% con%uc o #rosecuion an% !eaccuse% an% !e #re>u%ice an% %a(ae%cause% o !e accuse% o suc! %ela+. 8!e cour%i% no /n% !e 2' %a+s o %ela+e% !earinunreasona*le len! o i(e as o consiue%e#ri)aion o !e consiuional ri!s o !eaccuse% or a s#ee%+ rial in a%%iion o !eac !a cour rial (a+ *e alwa+s su*>ece%o #os#one(en or reasona*le cause o %ela+. n !e a*sence o s!owin !a !ereason or %ela+ was ca#ricious or o##ressi)e,!e :ae (us no *e %e#ri)e% o reasona*le

o##oruni+ in #rosecuin !e accuse%.

PANGANDAMAN V. CASAR

FACTS8!e case oriinae% in Lanao. 8!e oBen%e%#ar+ was a(*us!e% in Lanao, *u !esur)i)e%. $ase% on !is %escri#ion, !ere werearoun% 5' #ersons w!o sae% !e a(*us!

ro( *o! si%es o !e !ill. Iowe)er, !e coul%no reconi=e an+one o !e 5'. $u !e /le% acase aains all 5' a(*us!ers, all QJOINDO7:. :o !e cour issue% a warran o arres aains !e 5' Jo!n Does.

ISSUE: N !e warran o arres is )ali%A Can a

cour issue a warran o arres aains anunnown accuse%A

HELD:NO i is no )ali%. is o !e naure o aeneral warran, one o a call o wris lon#rescri*e% as unconsiuional an% onceana!e(ai=e% as oall+ su*)ersi)e o !eli*er+ o !e su*>ec. Clearl+ )iolai)e o !econsiuional in>uncion !a warrans o arres s!oul% #aricularl+ %escri*e !e #ersonor #ersons o *e sei=e%. 8!e warran as

aains uni%eni/e% su*>ecs will *econsi%ere% as null an% )oi%.

EXAMINATION OF )AN ACCOUNTSDEPOSITS

cases:PN) VS. GANCAYCO

G.R. No. L-1343 :e#e(*er 3', 1965

FACTS:Deen%ans 7(ilio Ganca+co an% ;lorenino

;lor, as s#ecial #rosecuors o !e De#ar(eno Jusice, re


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!e!er :ecion o Re#u*lic c No. 3'19#ro)i%es an a%%iional roun% or !eea(inaion o *an %e#osis.

HELD: Ees. 8!e ru! is !a !ese laws are sore#unan o eac! o!er !an noreconciliaion is #ossi*le. . 8!e onl+

conclusion #ossi*le is !a secion o !e ni-Gra Law is inen%e% o a(en% secion 2o Re#u*lic c No. 14'5 *+ #ro)i%ina%%iional ece#ion o !e rule aains !e%isclosure o *an %e#osis.

H!ile secion 2 o Re#u*lic c 14'5%eclares *an %e#osis o *e Fa*soluel+con/%enial,F i ne)er!eless allows suc!%isclosure in !e ollowin insances01 @#on wrien #er(ission o !e %e#osior02 n cases o i(#eac!(en

03 @#on or%er o a co(#een cour in caseso *ri*er+ or %erelicion o %u+ o #u*licoBicials04 n cases w!ere !e (one+ %e#osie% is !esu*>ec (aer o !e liiaion. Cases o une#laine% weal! are si(ilar o cases o *ri*er+ or %erelicion o %u+.

MARJUE VS. DISIERTOG.R. No. 1352 June 2&, 2''1

FACTS:Res#on%en O(*u%s(an Desiero or%ere%

#eiioner "ar

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