Binary Compound
A compound made
up of two parts,
a positive part and
a negative partH2O
The positive part is
always written first
Binary Compound
H2O
The negative part is
always written second
Binary Compound
H2O
Examples:
NH4OH NaCl CO2
H2SO4 Mg(OH)2
Binary Compound
Chemical Formula
A shorthand method of representing the makeup of chemicals...
H2O
using chemical symbols
and oxidation numbers.
Chemical Formula
H2O
C6H12O6
Chemical Formula
(NH4)2SO4
Chemical Formula
Oxidation Number
The apparent charge
on an atom.
The charge on an ion.
Tells the number of
electrons gained or
lost when forming
compounds.
Oxidation Number
Atoms with positive
oxidation numbers
lose electrons.
Oxidation Number
Na+
Metals commonly
have positive oxidation
numbers.
Oxidation Number
Na+
Atoms with negative
oxidation numbers
gain electrons.
Oxidation Number
Cl-
Nonmetals commonly
have negative oxidation
numbers.
Oxidation Number
Cl-
The sum of the oxidation
numbers in a chemical
formula is equal to zero.
Oxidation Number
Na+ Cl-
Subscripts
Small numbers to the
lower right of a
chemical symbol. H2O
Represent the number
of atoms of the element
in the compound.H2O
Subscripts
Subscripts of 1 are
never used, they
are understood.H2O
Subscripts
Multiply the subscript by
the oxidation number.
H2O
Subscripts
H2O
Hydrogen:
Oxidation # X Subscript
+ 1 X 2 = + 2
H2OOxygen:
Oxidation # X Subscript
- 2 X 1 = - 2
H2OTotal Oxidation Number:
( + 2 ) + ( - 2 ) = 0
A Simplification
Make the oxidation of one element the subscript of the other element.
There is one possible problem!
CaO+2 -2
Ca2O2
A Simplification
There is one possible problem!
These subscripts will reduce...
CaO+2 -2
Ca2O2
A Simplification
Subscripts MUST be written
in their lowest form.
CaO
A Simplification
What is the formula of the
compound formed when
magnesium and chlorine
combine?
Example:
What is the formula of the
compound formed when
magnesium and chlorine
combine?
Example:
MgCl2
What is the formula of the
compound formed when
sulfur and potassium
combine?
Example:
What is the formula of the
compound formed when
sulfur and potassium
combine?
Example:
K2S
What is the formula of the
compound formed when
oxygen and aluminum
combine?
Example:
What is the formula of the
compound formed when
oxygen and aluminum
combine?Al2O3
Example:
Ion
An atom (or atoms)
with a charge.
IonMeaning the number of
protons and electrons
is no longer the same.
IonChemists cannot change
an atom's protons,
so it must be the
electrons that change.
H+ O-2
Mg+2 P-3
IonThis atom has
lost __ e-
H+ O-2
Mg+2 P-3
IonThis atom has
gained __ e-
H+ O-2
Mg+2 P-3
Ion
This atom has lost __ e-
H+ O-2
Mg+2 P-3
Ion
This atom has gained __ e-
A group of covalently
bonded atoms with an
overall charge.
Polyatomic Ion
NEVER change the
subscripts in a
polyatomic ion.
Polyatomic Ion
If more than one is
needed in a formula,
put parenthesis
around the ion...
Polyatomic Ion
and add the subscript
outside the parenthesis.
Polyatomic Ion
(NH4)2SO4
Polyatomic Ion
What is the formula of the
compound formed when
calcium combines with the
nitrate ion?
Example:
What is the formula of the
compound formed when
calcium combines with the
nitrate ion?
Example:
Ca(NO3)2
What is the formula of the
compound formed when
zinc combines with the
sulfate ion?
Example:
What is the formula of the
compound formed when
zinc combines with the
sulfate ion?
Example:
ZnSO4
What is the formula of the
compound formed when the
ammonium and phosphate
ions combine?
Example:
What is the formula of the
compound formed when the
ammonium and phosphate
ions combine?
Example:
(NH4)3PO4
The sum of the oxidation
numbers in a polyatomic
ion is equal to the
charge on the ion.
Polyatomic Ion
Polyatomic Ion
What is the formula for the sulfate ion?
SO4-2
Polyatomic Ion
The Sulfate Ion
SO4-2
Polyatomic Ion
This oxidation numbermust be positive.
SO4-2
Polyatomic Ion
This oxidation numbermust be negative.
SO4-2
Polyatomic Ion
The total of the oxidation numbers
must equal this charge.
SO4-2
oxygen -2 X 4 = -8
+ sulfur = ?
= -2
Polyatomic Ion
SO4-2
oxygen -2 X 4 = -8
+ sulfur = +6
= -2
Polyatomic Ion
What is the formula for the compound formedwhen zinc combineswith the perchlorate ion?
Zn(ClO4)2
What is the oxidationnumber of chlorine inthis compound?
Zn(ClO4)2
Zn is +2 X 1 = +2
Zn(ClO4)2
Zn is +2 X 1 = +2O is -2 X 4 X 2 = -16
Zn(ClO4)2
Zn is +2 X 1 = +2O is -2 X 4 X 2 = -16Cl's total must be +14
Zn(ClO4)2
Zn is +2 X 1 = +2O is -2 X 4 X 2 = -16Cl's total must be +14There are 2 Cl's, each one = +7
Lab Question:
Does steel wool weigh more or less after burning.
A combustion reaction is defined as a hydrocarbon combining with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water.
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.Combustion
CH4 + 2O2 CO2 + 2H2O
Metallic substances combine withoxygen in oxidation-reductionreactions, such as the rustingof iron.
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.Combustion
4Fe + 3O2 2Fe2O3
Do these two reactions suggestthat anything that burns isactually combining withoxygen in the atmosphere?
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.Combustion
4Fe + 3O2 2Fe2O3
CH4 + 2O2 CO2 + 2H2O
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Steel wool is commonly purchasedas pads formed from very thinmetal threads.
These pads areused as abrasives.
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.Combustion
coarse - medium - fine
Is it possible that these metal threads would burn?
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.Combustion
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
coarse - medium - fine
An impressive pyrotechnic displayusing steel wool.
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Naming
Binary
Compounds
Chemical Names
First:
Write the name
of the positive element.
Chemical Names
Then:
Write the name of the negative element...
Chemical Names
with an ide ending.
Chemical Names
Examples:
NaCl
CaI2
Li4C
Chemical Names
Examples:
NaCl Sodium chloride
CaI2
Li4C
Chemical Names
Examples:
NaCl Sodium chloride
CaI2 Calcium iodide
Li4C
Chemical Names
Examples:
NaCl Sodium chloride
CaI2 Calcium iodide
Li4C Lithium carbide
Chemical Names
Compounds
Containing
Polyatomic Ions
Chemical Names
First:
Write the name of the positive element or
ion.
Chemical Names
Then:Write the name of the
negative part...
Chemical Names
Then:If the negative part is a
polyatomic ion, write the
name with no changes...
Chemical Names
Then:If the negative part is an
element, write the name
with an ide ending as
usual.
Chemical Names
Examples:
MgSO4
CaCO3
NH4Cl
Chemical Names
Examples:MgSO4 Magnesium sulfate
CaCO3
NH4Cl
Chemical Names
Examples:MgSO4 Magnesium sulfate
CaCO3 Calcium carbonate
NH4Cl
Chemical Names
Examples:MgSO4 Magnesium sulfate
CaCO3 Calcium carbonate
NH4Cl Ammonium chloride
Chemical Names
With
Roman Numerals
Chemical Names
If the positive element has
more than one possible
oxidation number...
Chemical Names
or if it is out of character,
its oxidation number
is shown...
Chemical Names
with a Roman numeral in
parenthesis after its name.
Chemical Names
Examples:
lead (IV) oxide
nitrogen (III) fluoride
copper (I) chloride
Chemical Names
Examples:
lead (IV) oxide PbO2
nitrogen (III) fluoride
copper (I) chloride
Chemical Names
Examples:
lead (IV) oxide PbO2
nitrogen (III) fluoride NF3
copper (I) chloride
Chemical Names
Examples:
lead (IV) oxide PbO2
nitrogen (III) fluoride NF3
copper (I) chloride CuCl
Chemical Names
The "Big 3" industrial acids:
Chemical Names
The "Big 3" industrial acids:
Chemical Names
The "Big 3" industrial acids:
Chemical Names