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Execrcise 20: Types of Tissues
Epithelial Tissue
Muscular Tissue
How is a synctium brought about?
Through the fusion of multiple uninucleate cells to produce a single multinucleate cell
Connective Tissue
Hyaline Cartilage
present in the nose, larynx, and trachea
skeletal cartilage in the embryos of all vertebrates
skeletal cartilage of adult sharks and rays
Elastic cartilage
external ears,
eustachian tube,
epiglottis
Fibrocartilage
intervertebral disks,
pubic symphysis, disks of knee joint, and pads between
femur and tibia
Bone
Bone prepared by the grinding method
Removes the oscteocytes but preserves the extracellular matrix
Vascular Tissue
Neutrophil
2-5 or more thin lobes, connected by slender chromatic threads
phagocytic
Basophil
nuclei stain very faintly, often obscured by cytoplasmic granules; U or J-shaped
Inflammatory reaction
Eosinophil
2 oval lobes linked by thread-like chromatin
against helminthic infections
Monocyte
nuclei vary slightly, indented ovals to horse-shoe shaped structure
Becomes macrophage, phagocytic
Lymphocyte
large, somewhat spherical with some indentations and only slightly concentric position
Antibody production
Blood
Erythrocytes Transport of necessary metabolites, wastes, oxygen
Leukocytes Immune system --> for defense
Nervous Tissue
Execrcise 21: Frog Organs
Chromatophores
Pigment containing cells
Provides coloration for camouflage, courtship, defense
Cutaneous glands
Also known as mucous glands
Secretes mucous
Keeps skin moist for respiration and protects the frog from predators
Liver
Goblet Cells
Secretes mucin which reacts with water to form mucus
Mucus acts to lubricate the internal lining of the intestine
Apocrine secretion
Mesothelium
Simple squamous epithelium
Lines all visceral organs as the visceral epithelium
Lines body cavities as parietal epithelium
Stomach1. Tunica mucosa
has inner layer of columnar cells and outer layer of loose connective tissue, the lamina propia
chief cells and parietal cells are found in this layer
2. Muscularis mucosa lies outer to the lamina propia has stratum circulare and stratum longitudinale
3. Tela submucosa contains large blood and lymph vessels
4. Tunica submuscularis thick and made up of circular layer of smooth muscles
5. Subserosa narrow layer of connective tissues containing few longitudinal muscle
strands
6. Tunica serosa made up of loose connective tissue covered with mesothelium
Intestine
Tunica mucosa lines cavity of lumen made up of simple columnar epithelial cells and goblet cells
Tunica submucosa muscular coat made up of two layers of muscles stratum circulare – thick inner circular layer stratum longitudinale – thin outer longitudinal layer
Tunica serosa outermost covering a thin layer of loose connective tissue covered with mesothelium
Gastric Glands
Neck cells --> secrete mucus
Parietal cells --> secrete gastric acid / Hcl
Zymogenic cells --> secretes the zymogen, pepsinogen
Muscle layers
Muscularis mucosa --> moves the rugae, expels contents of gastric glands and allows for more exposure of epithelia with the chyme
Tunical muscularis --> responsible for gut movement which churns the food
Kidney
Adrenal gland --> endocrine system
Veins vs. arteries --> thickness of walls
Spinal Cord
Central Canal --> cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
Motor Neurons --> soma are spindle shaped, carries motor impulses which causes muscular contraction
Multipolar neuron --> includes all motor neurons and internuerons, long axon, many dendrites