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Bio A -Chapter 12 Notes: Meiosis & Reproduction

1. Asexual Reproduction

2. Examples of Animal & Plant reproduction

3. Chromosome Numbers

4. Homologous Chromosomes

5. Diploid vs. Haploid cells

6. Somatic Cells vs. Gametes

7. Meiosis

8. Differences between meiosis and mitosis

9. Spermatogenesis

10. Oogenesis

11. Haploid gametes? Why?

12. Interphase

13. Meiosis I

14. Prophase I

15. Autosomes vs. Sex chromosomes

16. Crossing Over

17. Metaphase I

18. Anaphase I

19. Telophase I

20. Interkinesis

21. Meiosis II

22. Prophase II

23. Metaphase II

24. Anaphase II

25. Telophase II

26. End Result of Meiosis

27. Increasing genetic variation

28. Reproductive cloning

29. Therapeutic cloning

30. Dolly

31. Karyotyping

32. Nondisjunction

32. Prokaryotic Reproduction

33. Plant Reproduction

34. Anatomy of a Flowering Plant

Sepals = leaf-like structures covering a bud. Flower petals = attract pollinators Stamen = male part -Filament = stalk -Anther = holds pollen grains (where spermatogenesis occurs) Pistil= the female parts in the center of the flower. - Stigma = sticky tip of the pistil - Style = tube connecting stigma to ovary. -Ovary= contains egg cells (where oogenesis occurs) (also where fertilization occurs)

35. External vs. Internal fertilization

36. Marsupials

37. Female Reproductive system

1. Oviducts- tube structures that lead to the uterus 2. Uterus- muscular pear shaped organ where

embryo develops 3. Endometrium – lining of uterus 4. Vagina- Muscular passageway baby exits, entry

site sperm deposit during sexual intercourse, menstrual fluid passes out of this

5. Ovary – where egg cells mature and from where they are release during ovulation

6. Corpus Luteum – Ruptured follicle when egg is released during ovulation

7. Menstrual Cycle- 28 day cycle that releases the egg from ovary (many hormones involved)

38. Glands of Female Reproductive System

39. Hormones of Female Reproductive System

1. GnRH causes the Pituitary to release FSH or LH 2. FSH causes the follicle (supports the maturing egg

cell) in ovary to mature. 3. LH causes follicle to burst to release the egg from

ovary (this is called ovulation) 4. Estrogen – causes the build-up of uterine

lining/secondary sex characteristics 5. Progesterone- helps building the uterine lining

40. Uterus Anatomy

41. Ovary diagram

42. What happens in uterus during the menstrual cycle

43. Hormones and changes in the uterus and ovary during the menstrual cycle

44. Negative Feedback

45. Positive Feedback

46. Fertilization

47. HCG

48. Corpus Luteum

49. Male Reproductive System

1. Scrotum – contains the testes and lies outside of body to keep sperm cooler than body temp.

2. Seminiferous tubules – located in testes. Where sperm is produced during meiosis

3. Epididymis – coiled part of sperm duct where sperm are stored

4. Seminal fluid – sugary liquid that is produced by prostate gland and seminal vesicles that give sperm energy & lubrication

5. Vas Deferens – tube that transports sperm from testes to spermatic cord to urethra and out penis

6. Androgens- male hormones (testosterone)

50. Male Reproductive System Anatomy

51. Glands in the Male Reproductive System

52. Hormones of the Male Reproductive System

1. GnRH causes the Pituitary to release FSH or LH 2. FSH causes spermatogenesis to occur in the testes 3. LH causes cells in testes to produce testosterone

(androgen hormones) 4. Testosterone – Controls the production of

secondary sex characteristics

53. Secondary Sex Characteristics in Women

54. Secondary Sex Characteristics in Men

55. Infertility

56. Abstinence