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ABORTION


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Definition:

Abortion is the expulsion of a living fetus from the

mothers womb before it is viable.

Dr. Andre E. Hellegers

- Defined abortion as termination of pregnancy

spontaneously or by induction prior to viability.

Thereafter, termination of pregnancy is called

delivery.


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Reasons:

Economic Cost

Family Planning

Health

Rape incest

Age

Societys moralism


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Historical Background:

In ancient Greece, Plato and Aristotle recommendedabortion in order to avoid excess population in the

small Greek city states.

Philippines:

Article II, Section 12 of the 1986 Philippine

Constitution

- The state recognizes the sanctity of life and shall

protect and strengthen the family as a basicautonomous social institution. It shall equally protect

the life of the mother and the life of the unborn from

conception.


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Revised Penal Code of the Philippines (enacted in

1930 and remains in effect today)

-Articles 256, 258 and 259 of the Code mandate

imprisonment for the woman who undergoes theabortion, as well as for any person who assists in the

procedure, even if they be the woman's parents, a

physician or midwife.


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Practices in the Philippines:

Folk Medicine

Hilots are usually rural or small-town individuals who

come from a long line of local

chiropractors. Hilots have basic knowledge of Filipinoherbology, just like the albularyos, and use various

pre-natal and post-natal techniques such as suob.

Traditionally, infants who were delivered by

a hilotusually undergopagbubuhos, wherein themidwife immerses the baby in water.


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Although a hilotis required to register herself

annually at the local municipal hall, this is not strictly

enforced. This is because anyone can help deliver a

baby as long as they have the knowledge of

postpartum care and massage.

Another source of folk abortifacients are the vendors

of abortion drugs made from herbs, such as those

sold in the vicinity of Quiapo Church.


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Surgery

Abortion surgeries are uncommon in the Philippines

due to the public's view of morality. However, many

hospitals and medical centers can perform post-abortion care for mothers with very few

complications.


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Modern Medicine

Abortion drugs such as Misoprostol (Cytotec),Methotrexate, Mifeprex (or RU486) and Mifepristone

are also used as an alternative to folk medicine. This

is because many women believe that other drugs are

unsafe to ingest. However, since these pills are onlyavailable under prescription, it is illegal for

pharmacists to distribute the drug without the

permission of the mother's physician. This method is

usually used by women whose lives are endangered

by pregnancy.


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3 General viewpoints of Abortion:

1. The conservative

2. The liberal

3. The moderate or intermediate


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The Conservative position.

- It declares that abortion is never permissible, or at

most, is permissible if and only it is required to save

the pregnant womans life, as in the case of the

removal of a cancerous uterus or the removal of the

fallopian tube, or a part of it, because of ectopic

pregnancy.


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The Liberal position.

- States that abortion is always permissible, whatever

the state of fetal development may be. If women are

truly to be liberated, this view contends, they must

ultimately have full freedom to control their ownreproductive capacities.

- A woman has the right to control her own body as

her personal property within the context of the right

of self-determination.


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The fetus has no ontological status; it is neither an

individual, human, nor a person, but only a tissue in a

womans uterus; therefore, it possesses no rights andno moral status.

-- the liberals


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The Moderate position.

- It holds that abortion is morally permissible up to

certain stage of fetal development, or for some

limited set of reasons sufficient to justify the taking

of life in this or that special circumstances. As far asthe moderates are concerned, the fetus attains

ontological status at quickening or viability. Fetuses

have only some rights and, therefore, have a partial

status. In this regard, abortion before quickening ismorally legitimate.


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Methods of Abortion:

Plants and plant preparations, e.g.,Makabuhay,

Essencia maravilosa.

- Many of these plants probably do induce

contractions of smooth muscles, such as those in theuterus. Sometimes, people think the plants work

because their menstruation returns. In reality, the

menstruation was probably only delayed.


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Physical methods.

- Massage and abdominal pressure are applied by

the hilot, or sometimes by the pregnant woman

herself. This is a terrible painful method and is

dangerous, especially in more advance pregnancies.

The physical pressure is used to induce uterine

contractions but these may not be enough to expel

the fetus.

Insertion of catheters (sonda).

- Women have been known to insert hangers,brooms, walis tingting. These often lead to

infections.


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Dilation and currettage (D&C or raspa).

- Usually, this is done with women who had already

began the abortion, in which case it is called

completion curettage. There are, however,

clandestine clinics that use D&C to induce anabortion.


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Menstrual regulation (MR).

- This involves the use of suction or vacuum

aspiration to terminate a very early pregnancy

(usually the first few weeks).

-A powerful suction tube with a sharp cutting edge is

inserted into the womb through the dilated cervix.The suction dismembers the body of the developing

baby and tears the placenta from the wall of the

uterus, sucking blood, amniotic fluid, placental

tissue, and fetal parts into a collection bottle.


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Drugs.

- There are many western drugs that people use to

attempt to induce an abortion. These include

medicines such as quinine, an anti-malarial;

methylergometrin, a uterine stimulant andmethotrexate, an anti-cancer drug. With some of

these drugs, an abortion is actually a side effect. In

other cases, the western medicine used may even

have the opposite effect on a pregnancy.


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- Bricanyl (generic name: terbutaline) is perceived as

an abortifacient in large doses but in reality, the drug

actually delays labor rather than inducing an

abortion.

-One widely used drug, misoprostol (Cytotec) isactually a drug used to prevent ulcers but has

abortion as a side effect.

- Another drug called RU486 (Mifepristone) is now

legal in China and a few European countries.


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Salt Poisoning.

- Is used after 16 weeks of pregnancy, when enough

fluid has accumulated in the amniotic fluid sacsurrounding the baby. A needle is inserted through

the mothers abdomen and 50-250 ml of amniotic

fluid is withdrawn and replaced with a solution of

concentrated salt. The chemical solution also causes

painful burning and deterioration of the babys skin.

The baby breathes in, swallowing the salt, and is

poisoned. Usually, after about an hour, the child dies.The mother goes into labor about 33 to 35 hours

after and delivers a burned, and shriveled baby left

to die.


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Hysterotomy.

- Similar to the Caesarean Section, this is used ifchemical methods such as salt poisoning or

prostaglandins fail . Incisions are made in the

abdomen and uterus. The baby, placenta, and

amniotic sac are removed. Babies are sometimes

born alive during this procedure, raising questions as

to how and when these infants are killed and by

whom.


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Types of Abortion:

Natural Abortion/Spontaneous or Accidental

Abortion.

- Also known as miscarriage (nakunan).

- The expulsion of the fetus through natural or accidentalcauses.

Direct or Intentional Abortion

- Deliberately induced expulsion of a living fetus before it has

become viable.


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Therapeutic Abortion

-Deliberately induced expulsion of a living fetus in order tosave the mother from the danger of death brought on bypregnancy.

Eugenic Abortion/Selective Abortion or Abortion on

fetal indications- This is recommended in cases where certain defects are

discovered in the developing fetus.

- It is termed eugenic because it is meant to get rid of

abnormal babies, and thus prevent them fromcontaminating the human species.


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Indirect Abortion

- The removal of the fetus occurs as a secondary effect of a

legitimate or licit action, which is direct and primary object of

the intention.


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Effects of Abortion:

Physical Effects

- Habitual miscarriages - Fever

- Ectopic pregnancies - Cold sweat

- Menstrual disturbances - intense pain- Stillbirths - Loss of other organs

- Bleeding - Insomnia

- Shock - Loss of appetite

- Coma - Weight loss

- perforated uterus - Frigidity


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Psychological Effects

- Guilt - Helplessness- Suicidal tendencies - Loss of interest in sex

- Loss of sense of fulfillment - Inability to forgive oneself

- Mourning - Nightmares and

- Loss of confidence frustrations

- Lower self-esteem - thwarted maternal instinct

- Hostility - intense interest in

- Self- destructive behavior babies

- Anger

- Rage


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If you prick us do we not bleed, if you tickle us do

we not laugh, if you poison us do we not die

- Shakespeare the Merchant of Venice

"A person is a person, no matter how small!"

-Dr. Seuss


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-THE END-

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