View
231
Download
0
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Carbon’s Unique Characteristics • How many valence electrons does carbon have?
• How many other atoms can each carbon atom covalently bond with?
Monomers & Polymers
Monomer: Small molecules used as a sub-unit of polymers
Polymer: Large molecules of 3-millions of monomers of the same or different kinds
Condensation Reaction
• Enzymes split an OH from one molecule & an H atom from another & a covalent bond forms.
Hydrolysis• A cleavage reaction where enzymes split
molecules at specific groups, then attach one OH group and an H atom from a water molecule.
What is the PURPOSE of carbohydrates in our diet?
• Energy• Structure• Energy Transport• Energy Storage
Carbohydrate Chemistry
Main Elements: Carbon, hydrogen & oxygen
The Standard Ratio is 1:2:1 or (CH2O)n
Class of Carbohydrate: Monosaccharide
Simple carbohydrates
Single carbon ring (monomer)
Examples: Glucose, galactose, fructose, ribose, & deoxyribose
Class of Carbohydrate: Oligosaccharide
A short chain of covalently bonded monosaccharides. Often used as transport sugarsExamples: Sucrose, lactose & maltose
Class of Carbohydrate: Polysaccharide
Complex carbohydrates, straight or branched chains of MANY sugar monomers.