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Biodegradation of Biodegradation of Emerging Contaminants by Emerging Contaminants by Pseudomonas butanorovaPseudomonas butanorova
Shervada Hall Shervada Hall
Houston Independent School DistrictHouston Independent School District
Empowerment College Preparatory High SchoolEmpowerment College Preparatory High School
Mentor: Bella Kung Hui Chu/Civil Engineering Mentor: Bella Kung Hui Chu/Civil Engineering
Ph.D University of California at Ph.D University of California at Berkeley, 1998Berkeley, 1998
Assistant Professor Environmental Assistant Professor Environmental EngineeringEngineering
Had work printed in over 13 publications Had work printed in over 13 publications such as “Environmental Science and such as “Environmental Science and Technology”, and “Environmental Technology”, and “Environmental Engineering Science”Engineering Science”
Environmental EstrogensEnvironmental Estrogens Found in sediments, rivers, lakes, drinking water, treated Found in sediments, rivers, lakes, drinking water, treated
wastewater, and groundwater.wastewater, and groundwater. Hormones and many other pharmaceuticals were detected in 108 Hormones and many other pharmaceuticals were detected in 108
(80% of 139) US rivers surveyed by USGS in 1999-2000. (80% of 139) US rivers surveyed by USGS in 1999-2000. (Kolpin et al. (Kolpin et al. 2002. ES &T)2002. ES &T)
Frequently detected Frequently detected compoundscompounds
- Caffeine- Caffeine
- Insect repellents- Insect repellents
- Hormones- Hormones
- Fire retardants- Fire retardants
- Plastizers- Plastizers
Endocrine-Disrupting Endocrine-Disrupting CompoundsCompounds
Endocrine system regulates important biological functionsEndocrine system regulates important biological functions
• Growth • Development • Reproduction eating/sleeping fetus, puberty reproductive system
• Chemicals (synthetic or natural) mimic or act like hormones
• One of top six research priorities identified by EPA’s Office of Research and Development in 1996.
Pharmaceuticals and Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care ProductsPersonal Care Products
PPCPs• More than 80 different classes
(Daughton and Ternes, 1999. Environ. Health Perspect. 107:907-938)
Prozac, antidepressant
17-estradiol
C
OH
CH
HO
17-ethynyl estradiol
Diltiziam
OH
HO
Verapamil
TricoslanTricoslan
A synthetic chlorinated aromatic compound with functional A synthetic chlorinated aromatic compound with functional groups of ethers and phenols. groups of ethers and phenols.
Widely used as an antimicrobial agent in personal care, Widely used as an antimicrobial agent in personal care, commercial, and medical products.commercial, and medical products.
Potentially promotesPotentially promotes cross-resistance to antibiotics, toxic cross-resistance to antibiotics, toxic effects on ecological health, and formation of chlorodioxins effects on ecological health, and formation of chlorodioxins from triclosan itself and its metabolites.from triclosan itself and its metabolites.
Incomplete removal by wastewater treatment plants Incomplete removal by wastewater treatment plants − 79% biodegraded; 15% absorbed to biosolids; 6% released into 79% biodegraded; 15% absorbed to biosolids; 6% released into
receiving water.receiving water.
Plastic, epoxy resins, flame retardants, and other Plastic, epoxy resins, flame retardants, and other specialty products. Also used specialty products. Also used in the manufacture of in the manufacture of products like eyeglass lenses, digital media, reusable food products like eyeglass lenses, digital media, reusable food and drink containers and dental sealants.and drink containers and dental sealants.
A weak endocrine disrupting compound detected in the A weak endocrine disrupting compound detected in the environment, including wastewater. environment, including wastewater.
Toxic to aquatic organisms at concentrations of 1-10 µg/L. Toxic to aquatic organisms at concentrations of 1-10 µg/L. BPA was found to stimulate the growth of rodent uterus.BPA was found to stimulate the growth of rodent uterus.
Pseudomonas Pseudomonas butanovorabutanovora
An aerobic G- bacteria isolated from activated sludge (Sayavedra-Soto et al., 2001)
Believed to use these contaminants as a food source!
Experimental DesignExperimental DesignGrow P. Butanovera
with Acetate to increase cell density
Induce propane monoxygenase 1-butanol (24 hr)
)
Add BPA or Triclosan
Dry with N2 gas Reconstruct w/
acetone
Start Reaction
Collect Sample
Sample Standard
Analytical Method
Extraction W/ Ether
Derivitizing Agent
Gas Chromatography/
Mass Spectrometer
ConclusionConclusion
Bisphenol –A and TriclosanBisphenol –A and Triclosan
No signifigant change was observed. The No signifigant change was observed. The bacteria bacteria
appeared to have very little degredation effects appeared to have very little degredation effects on on
the compounds.the compounds.
TEKS TEKS 2B) 2B) Collect data and make measurements with precisionCollect data and make measurements with precision
2D) 2D) Organize, analyze, evaluate, make inferences, and predict trends Organize, analyze, evaluate, make inferences, and predict trends from from
datadata
2E) 2E) Communicate valid conclusionsCommunicate valid conclusions
3C) 3C) Evaluate the impact of research on scientific thought, society, and Evaluate the impact of research on scientific thought, society, and the the
environmentenvironment
3D) 3D) Describe the connection between chemistry and future careersDescribe the connection between chemistry and future careers
12C) Evaluate the significance of water in living organisms and in 12C) Evaluate the significance of water in living organisms and in
the environmentthe environment
It’s In the Water!It’s In the Water!
Lab OutlineLab Outline
Dakota, Texas is a small farming community Dakota, Texas is a small farming community
located 75 miles outside of Dallas, Texas with a located 75 miles outside of Dallas, Texas with a
population of 760 individuals. The town’s population of 760 individuals. The town’s
economic viability relies on its cattle and swine economic viability relies on its cattle and swine
industry. However, a large number of the industry. However, a large number of the
animals have been getting sick and have not animals have been getting sick and have not
been able to be sold. They have noticed the been able to be sold. They have noticed the
animals become sick shortly after drinking from animals become sick shortly after drinking from
the man-made pond. They have hired you as an the man-made pond. They have hired you as an
environmental engineer to figure out what is environmental engineer to figure out what is
making their livestock sick AND determine making their livestock sick AND determine
how to correct their problem. If you can how to correct their problem. If you can
effectively do this, you will be paid the sum of effectively do this, you will be paid the sum of
$10,000.$10,000.
Parameters to Be CheckedParameters to Be Checked
Compound
Tested
Maximum Contaminant Levels
Actual Amount
Allowable Range (Y or N)
Nitrate 10 ppm
Nitrite 8 ppm
Bacteria 0
pH 6.5-8.5
Chlorine 250 mg/L
Iron .3 mg/L
ProjectProject
Field TripField Trip Question Results?Question Results? Process CreationProcess Creation Applicable to Daily LifeApplicable to Daily Life
How it RelatesHow it Relates
Shows how basic concepts of science Shows how basic concepts of science are used to help our daily lives. In are used to help our daily lives. In the laboratory, we tested water for the laboratory, we tested water for estrogen levels. In the classroom we estrogen levels. In the classroom we are using those same concepts to are using those same concepts to test for other contaminants.test for other contaminants.