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Biodiesel A renewable fuel to meet today’s and
tomorrow’s energy needs in a clean and sustainable manner
presentation to:
American Seed Trade AssociationChicago, Illinois
December 7, 2005
presentation by:
Richard NelsonKansas State University/National Biodiesel Board
This presentation is funded in part by the Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service, USDA
Biodiesel – General DefinitionsBiodiesel is a domestic, renewable fuel for diesel engines derived from fats and oils such as soybeans and animal fats.
Biodiesel can be used in any concentration with petroleum-based diesel fuel in existing diesel engines with little or no modification.
Biodiesel is not raw vegetable oil!
Biodiesel must be produced by a chemical process that removes glycerin from the oil.
0 50 100
B2
B5
B10
B20
B100
Biodiesel Petroleum diesel
Biodiesel blend, n. -- a blend of biodiesel fuel meeting ASTM D 6751 with petroleum-based diesel fuel designated BXX, where XX is the volume percent of biodiesel.
Petroleum (Liquid Fuel) PictureWe currently import over 50% of our petroleum needs - 70% by 2025.
Once roughly half the oil has been extracted, it becomes harder – and more expensive – to get at the remainder.
The key date is not when the oil runs out, but when production peaks, meaning supplies decline. The peak may come by about 2020.
Proved Oil Reserves 2003
Biodiesel Properties & Attributes
B100 - Energy content of #1, 8% less than #2
High Cetane (avg. over 50)
Sulfur free
Cold flow - B2 the same as #2 petroleum diesel
Energy Balance (3.24 to 1)
Biodegradable and Non-Toxic
Emissions Reductions with Biodiesel Blends
Emission Type B100 B20 B2Total Unburned Hydrocarbons -67% -20% -
2.2%Carbon Monoxide -48% -12% -
1.3%Particulate Matter -47% -12% -
1.3%Oxides of Nitrogen (NOX) +10% + 2%***
+0.2%
“When considering the combined benefit of all these reductions, the small increase in nitrogen oxides (NOx) should not overshadow the net environmental gain with biodiesel use in North Carolina. Biodiesel is a viable part of the overall effort to improve our air quality.”B. Keith Overcash, PE, NC DE&NR, DAQ
Biodiesel Production100 lbs. of fat or oil
+10 lbs. methanol
catalyst
100 lbs. biodiesel (B100)+
10 lbs. of glycerin
Soybeans (90-95% of current market), Waste Greases, Edible & Inedible Tallow, Cottonseed, Sunflower, Canola/Rapeseed
0
5,000,000
10,000,000
15,000,000
20,000,000
25,000,000
30,000,000
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
B100 Fuel Survey Results
Distribution Outlets, June 2005
ASTM D 6751 – Biodiesel Fuel Specification
Fuel quality is of the utmost concern and importance to the biodiesel industry.
ASTM D 6751 is the specification for biodiesel fuels irrespective of the feedstock source and/or processing method.
Standard ensures safe operation in a compression ignition engine.
ASTM International Specification D6751: Standard Specification for Biodiesel Fuel
In 2002, ASTM International issued a standard specification for biodiesel fuel called D6751. This specification states that the only form of biodiesel that can be legally resold for commercial operations must meet ASTM specifications. TABLE 1: Detailed Requirements for Biodiesel (B100) Property Test Method Limits Units
Flash point (closed cup) D 93 130.0 min °C Water and sediment D 2709 0.050 max % volume Kinematic viscosity, 40°C D 445 1.9–6.0 mm2/s Sulfated ash D 874 0.020 max % mass Sulfur D 5453 0.05 max % mass Copper strip corrosion D 130 No. 3 max N/A Cetane number D 613 47 min N/A *Cloud point D 2500 Report to customer* °C Carbon residue D 4530 0.050 max % mass Acid number D 664 0.80 max mg KOH/g Free glycerin D 6584 0.020 % mass Total glycerin D 6584 0.240 % mass Phosphorus content D 4951 0.001 max % mass Distillation temperature, atmospheric equiv. temp
D 1160 360 max °C
Biodiesel & Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs)
Many Engine Manufacturers Support Biodiesel Blends:
John DeereCaterpillarCumminsDetroit DieselInternational
Testimonials for each of these companies available on the NBB website - www.biodiesel.org
B100 Must Meet ASTM D6751 !!!
Most OEM HQ’s have B20 experience:
Won’t void warranty, but remember OEM’s don’t make fuel and therefore they won’t warranty fuel.
Problems caused by the fuel are the responsibility of the fuel supplier.
Federal Biodiesel Tax Incentive American Jobs Creation Act 2004 (Biodiesel Tax Exemption)
Federal Excise Tax Credit through 12/31/2008
1¢ per percent of “agri-biodiesel” blended into diesel fuel
Applies to first-use vegetable oils and animal fats
½ ¢ per percent of other biodiesel blended into diesel fuel
Credit taken at the blender level
Biodiesel: Looking Forward
Current Potential: 1.7 Billion gal/year5.5% of national on-hwy. Demand
Near-Term Potential: (2015): 3.5 Billion6.8% of national on-hwy. demand in 2015
Long-Term Potential: (2030): 10 Billion
Educational Resources for Biodiesel
BEN: “Biodiesel Education Network”
Web-based resource specifically for petroleum marketers
Partnership between NBB/PMAA
www.pmaa.org
www.biodiesel.org