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Bioelectronics Roundtable * November 4, 2008
BioElectronics: An Industry Perspective
Madoo Varma, Ph.D.Director, Integrated Biosystems Lab
Intel Research, Corporate Technology Group
Bioelectronics Roundtable * November 4, 2008
Bioelectronics Roundtable * November 4, 2008
Bioelectronics Roundtable * November 4, 2008
Evolution of Biosensor Applications
Bioelectronics Roundtable * November 4, 2008
Law of Accelerating ReturnsMoore’s Law One Example
Source; www.KurzweilAI.net
Information Technologies (of all kinds) double their power (price performance,
capacity, bandwidth) every year
Bioelectronics Roundtable * November 4, 2008
Has Bio Field reached the
Critical Mass?
Accelerating rate of return as knowledge accumulates? Adapted from www.KurzweilAI.net
Medical ImplantsGenomicsHuman Genome SequencedMicroarrays/Biomarker Discovery AcceleratesPattern RecognitionBioinformatics RulesFunction ElucidationEvidence Based MedicinePersonalized MedicineNeuromorphic Systems
Bioelectronics Roundtable * November 4, 2008
What Is Limiting this
Acceleration?
CHALLENGELIMITED STARTING
MATERIALBIOLOGY RELATIVELY
UNKNOWN
DRIVERSAGING POULATIONRISING HC COSTS
HC DELIVERY ACCESSSINGULARITY PUSH CONSTRAINTS
FDAREIMBURSEMENT RULES
LACK OF TOOLSBIOMARKERS/
DISEASE ASSOCIATION LACKING
UNMET NEEDSHIGH RESOLUTION
MASSIVELY PARALLEL COST
EFFECTIVE TOOLS
TOOLS USEDSEQUENCERSMICROARRAYS
RTPCR/PCRMASS SPEC ETC
PROTEIN ARRAYS
TYPICAL RESEARCH QGENE/PROTEIN CHANGES IN NORMAL VS DISEASE
GENE COPY NUMBERMETHYLATION
GENE FUNCTION
Medical Research & Dx Need: To Type Rare Cells/Analytes In Complex Mixture Eg., HIV, Cancer, or Environmental Agents Etc
eg. Breast cancer
Bioelectronics Roundtable * November 4, 2008
Biosensor Application
Requirements-
Data points/test
Dete
cti
on
lim
it
Genomic sequencing
mM
uM
nM
pM
fM
aM
zM
1 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109
No amplification
Target or signal Target or signal
amplificationamplification
Proteins
Genes
Proteomics
SNPs
Gas
Sugar
Lipid
Ions Chemical profiling
Bioanalyteprofiling
Gene expression profiling
Data points/test
Dete
cti
on
lim
it
Genomic sequencing
mM
uM
nM
pM
fM
aM
zM
1 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109
No amplification
Target or signal Target or signal
amplificationamplification
Proteins
Genes
Proteomics
SNPs
Gas
Sugar
Lipid
Ions Chemical profiling
Bioanalyteprofiling
Gene expression profiling
Bioelectronics Roundtable * November 4, 2008
An
aly
tical U
nit
Scale
Macro
Miniaturized
Integrated
Nano
Ou
tpu
t P
er U
nit
or P
rocess
1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
Single test in glassware
Multiple tests in plate
Multi-analyte tests on array
Multi-single molecule imaging
Single test in plastic
Vacuum tube
Semiconductor transistor
Integrated circuit
SOC
Computing power
Genome information
Single molecule biosensor
array
Simultaneous tests and data
analysis
Opportunity for
Convergence
Bioelectronics Roundtable * November 4, 2008
10
Opportunity at the Intersection of
Two Fields
Rapid data processing and efficient data access
Biomolecules
Parallel data collectionusing biosensor arrays
Fast results using parallel computing
Results
Bioelectronics Roundtable * November 4, 2008
Array features
101 102 105 106 107 108 109103 104
1. Specific probe array
2. Detection by hybridization
1. Generic sensor array
2. Detectionby specific reactions
Spotting Photolithographic
Selectively amplified samples
or sample from lower organisms
Samples from higher organisms,
no selective amplification
Various Array Performance
CharacteristicsA
naly
te C
om
ple
xit
y T
ole
ran
ce
(varie
ty o
f m
ole
cu
le s
pecie
s in
a
sam
ple
)
109
108
107
106
105
104
103
102
Sensor array
Gene chip
Estimated for DNA tests
Bioelectronics Roundtable * November 4, 2008
Future biosensors
VisionGenerate and access analyte informat ion
anywhere and any t ime
Approach
Develop a high density
silicon sensor array for
highly parallel single
molecule sensing
Semiconductor-based biosensor platforms will enable personalized medicine and more…
Challenges• Mult iple marker prof iling
• Low cost
• High precision/specif icity
• High sensit ivity
• Rapid test
Rationale •Analytes are charged or can be made charged detectable by semiconductor sensors
•Protein and DNA in nano dimensions comparable to node dimension of semiconductor technology
•Many individual molecules in a sample array of billions of sensors manufactured by semiconductor technology
Future biosensors
VisionGenerate and access analyte informat ion
anywhere and any t ime
Approach
Develop a high density
silicon sensor array for
highly parallel single
molecule sensing
Semiconductor-based biosensor platforms will enable personalized medicine and more…
Challenges• Mult iple marker prof iling
• Low cost
• High precision/specif icity
• High sensit ivity
• Rapid test
Rationale •Analytes are charged or can be made charged detectable by semiconductor sensors
•Protein and DNA in nano dimensions comparable to node dimension of semiconductor technology
•Many individual molecules in a sample array of billions of sensors manufactured by semiconductor technology
Massively Parallel Sensor Array
Platform
Bioelectronics Roundtable * November 4, 2008
Key Risks
Signal strength
Signal diffusion
Sensor sensitivity
Reaction specificity
Signal detection
Sequence-specific Signal
Signal amplification
Signal confinement
Electrically detectable chemical species
Signal compatibility
Sensor/Chem integration
System/circuitry integration
Bioelectronics Roundtable * November 4, 2008
Opportunity and Challenges
• Bio-compatibility: understanding surface interactions at the intersection of biology and silicon
• Designing for manufacturability: Compatibility with standard CMOS fabrication methods
• Cost/Volumes for intended applications -modularity
