Bioenergy and Sustainability in Africa

(COMPETE)

Francesca Farioli, PhDCIRPS-Sapienza University of

Rome

2

Limited access to energy sources, low level of quality of life, lack of livelihood opportunities in rural areas in Africa; with negative impacts (migration, environmental degradation)

Sustainability Problem

Solution Option (Vision)Decentralized, community-based Biofuel Programs and Facilities that provide rural communities with energy and/or income opportunities

Sustainability Science ProjectsType 1

Research projects that contribute to creating an Enabling Environment (Guidelines, Policies, Net-works) for biofuel facilities and programs

COMPETE Project Goals, Modules, Outcomes

COMPETE Land-Use Mapping

Sustainability Science ProjectsType 2

Research projects that contribute to developing and implementing Biofuel Facilities (Biofuel Sector)

Jatropha Biofuel Sector Development in Tanzania

and Zambia

Biofuel Project in

Kabwe(Marli)

Biofuel Project in Leguruki(TaTEDO)

Lack of livelihood opportunitiesLack of quality of lifeRural-urban migration

Environment degradationEmissions

Eradicating poverty is the greatest global challenge facing the world today

African exceptionalism

Environment and poverty

nexus

Multidimensionality of poverty

Sustainability problem

ACTIONS

Agricultural practices

Heating, electricity, cooking with nonrenewable energy

Traditional use of biomass

Illegal lumbering

Migration

TECHNOLOGIES

Diesel/Kerosene lamps

Traditional stove

Diesel generator

Agricultural tools

Sustainability challenges/

Adverse Effects

Lack of livelihood opportunities

Lack of quality of life

Rural-urban migration

Environment degradation

Emissions

Farmers

Public

5

ACTIONS

Agricultural practices

Heating, electricity, cooking with nonrenewable energy

Traditional use of biomass

Illegal lumbering

Migration

TECHNOLOGIES

Diesel/Kerosene lamps

Traditional stove

Diesel generator

Agricultural tools

(Perceived)

BENEFITS

Profits (Pesticides, gasoline, etc.)

Income, Food, Energy

Companies

ADVERSE EFFECTS

Farmers

6

ACTIONS

Agricultural practices

Heating, electricity, cooking with nonrenewable energy

Traditional use of biomass

Illegal lumbering

Migration

TECHNOLOGIES

Diesel/Kerosene lamps

Traditional stove

Diesel generator

Agricultural tools

FORMAL/INFORMAL RULESPoorly designed and

implemented national policiesLack of natural resource

management planning (land conflict)

National land tenure regimeCommodity price volatility

EU CAP policiesWTO policies

WB electrification program (’80)

(Perceived)

BENEFITS

ADVERSE EFFECTS

RESOURCESLow income

Lack of knowledgeLack of natural resources

Social capitalTechnical & financial

assistance7

ACTIONS

Agricultural practices

Heating, electricity, cooking with nonrenewable energy

Traditional use of biomass

Illegal lumbering

Migration

TECHNOLOGIES

Diesel/Kerosene lamps

Traditional stove

Diesel generator

Agricultural tools

(Perceived)

BENEFITS

ADVERSE EFFECTS

FORMAL/INFORMAL RULES

Farmers

Companies

Farmers

Companies

State Actors-Aid Ag

NEEDS/WANTS/HABITSEnergy and food security

Access to credit & marketsTraining & equipment

Safety perceptionCompliance with norms Confidence in traditions

Gender inequality

FORMAL/INFORMAL RULES

Adapted from Wiek 2010

ACTIONS

Agricultural practices

Heating, electricity, cooking with nonrenewable energy

Traditional use of biomass

Illegal lumbering

Migration

TECHNOLOGIES

Diesel/Kerosene lamps

Traditional stove

Diesel generator

Agricultural tools

ADVERSE EFFECTS

Lack of livelihood opportunities

Lack of quality of life

Depopulation

Environment degradation

Emissions

(Perceived)

BENEFITS

Income, Food, Energy

Profits (Pesticides, gasoline, etc.)

NEEDS/WANTS/HABITSEnergy and food security

Access to credit & marketsTraining & equipment

Safety perceptionCompliance with norms Confidence in traditions

RESOURCESLow income

Lack of knowledgeLack of natural resources

Social capitalTechnical & financial assistance

FORMAL/INFORMAL RULESNational energy policies

National agricultural policiesNational land tenure regimeCommodity price volatility

EU CAP policiesWTO policies

WB electrification program (’80)

Farmers

Companies

Farmers

PublicCompanies

Farmers

Companies

Farmers

Investors

Politicians

Companies

State Actors-Aid Ag

9

ADVERSE EFFECTS

Lack of livelihood opportunities

Lack of quality of life

Depopulation

Environment degradation

Emissions

(Perceived)

BENEFITS

Income, Food, Energy

Profits (Pesticides, gasoline, etc.)

NEEDS/WANTS/HABITSEnergy and food security

Access to credit & marketsTraining & equipment

Safety perceptionCompliance with norms Confidence in traditions

RESOURCESLow income

Lack of knowledgeResources endowments

Social capitalTechnical & financial assistance

FORMAL/INFORMAL RULESNational energy policies

National agricultural policiesNational land tenure regimeCommodity price volatility

EU CAP policiesWTO policies

WB electrification program (’80)

Farmers

Companies

Farmers

Public

Companies

Farmers

Companies

Investors

Politicians

Companies

Farmers

Perturbations & Stresses Environmental (e.g.Heartquackes; Flooding; Volcanic eruption; Virus and pests) Socioeocnomic(e.g.Rapid population growth; rapid urbanization)Perturbation e.g. Longer drought periods; more intense episodes of rainfall; sea level rise; serious losses of farm animals; Damages on crops, soil, roads and houses in intense rainfall.

ACTIONS

Agricultural practices

Heating, electricity, cooking with nonrenewable energy

Traditional use of biomass

Illegal lumbering

Migration

TECHNOLOGIES

Diesel/Kerosene lamps

Traditional stove

Diesel generator

Agricultural tools

Bioenergy development

Opportunities- Improved energy security;- Reduce oil dependency

- Reduce Household pollution

- Provide a new source of agricultural income and rural

development;- Internal market

development;- Vulnerability to price

volatility reduced;- Reduced GHG emissions.

Risks - The expansion of the

agricultural frontier- Biodiversity;

- Deforestation;- Monocropping;- Water pollution;

- Competition for inputs – food security

- Poor labour conditions- Land access

- Unfair distribution of the benefits along the value

chain

10

Limited access to energy sources, low level of quality of life, lack of livelihood opportunities in rural areas in Africa; with negative impacts (migration, environmental degradation)

Sustainability Problem

Solution Option (Vision)Decentralized, community-based Biofuel Programs and Facilities that provide rural communities with energy and/or income opportunities

Sustainability Science ProjectsType 1

Research projects that contribute to creating an Enabling Environment (Guidelines, Policies, Net-works) for biofuel facilities and programs

COMPETE Project Goals, Modules, Outcomes

COMPETE Land-Use Mapping

Sustainability Science ProjectsType 2

Research projects that contribute to developing and implementing Biofuel Facilities (Biofuel Sector)

Jatropha Biofuel Sector Development in Tanzania

and Zambia

Biofuel Project in

Kabwe(Marli)

Biofuel Project in Leguruki(TaTEDO)