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Bioenergy Assessment for Project Implementation in CARICOM and the Dominican RepublicKay Schaubach
ISLAND ENERGY TRANSITIONS: PATHWAYS FOR ACCELERATED UPTAKE OF RENEWABLESMartinique, June 22-24, 2015
REETA - Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Technical Assistance
2
Assessment of bioenergy resource potentials,
framework conditions, technology options and
development of bioenergy investment projects
in the Caribbean
Why energy from biomass?Indicated motivations in the Caribbean
• High prices for fossil fuels – rising indebtedness, infringed competitiveness
• Landfill capacities and pollution (gas, leachate)
• Odour mitigation – coupling of housing and agricultural areas
• Pollution of the environment by dumps, polluted waterways and coastal areas
• Enhancing internal markets
• New perspective for farmers (also energy crops alongside residues)
• Flexible power source for residual load
3
Bioenergy value chains and technology options
4Source: DBFZ
Biomass potentials in CARICOM and Dominican Republic
5
TOP 5 of agricultural products from statistics
LHVMJ/kg no data
-
1. 15,0
2. 15,0
3. 15,0
4. 15,0
5. 15,0
15,0
Remark: In case of no available data for energy content the assumption was set to 15 MJ/kg.
174,08225.550
42.368
2.608
26.065
357.690
Plantains
RANK MAIN PRODUCT
Papayas
Bananas
Rice, paddy
Sugar cane
AREA
ha
Total 3.027.647
ENERGYPJ
113,19
7,74
12,23
15,87
347,86
24,75
t
PRODUCTION
7.546.092
23.190.386
515.817
815.499
1.057.704
1.650.126
11.605.149
Others 2.373.367
1.
1.2.
2.
3.
3.
4.
4.
5.
5.Others
Others
0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%
100%
Residues related to the TOP 5 of agricultural products
LHV
MJ/kgSugar cane Bagasse 17,5
Rice, paddy Rice straw 10,2
Rice, paddy Rice husks 14,3 no dataBananas no data no data
Papayas no data no data
Plantains no data no data
5,43
no data
3.481.545
no data
no data
0,3
0,447
0,23
no data
no data
no data
737.606 7,52
379.529
no data
no data no data
60,93
ENERGYPJ
RELATED RESIDUE
MAIN PRODUCT tCROP-
RESIDUE-FACTOR
Bagasse
76%
Rice straw16%
Rice husks
8%no
data0%
no data0%
no data0%0%0%0%0%
tons
TOP 5 of animal manure
1.
2. no data
3.
4.
5. no data
2,8
no data
0,0125
14,8
in 1,000 in 1.000
7.944Total -
RANKLUHEADS
LIVESTOCK
275.269
388
602
1056
935
4912
0,439
Goats
Pigs
Horses
2585
2007
850
263965Chickens
Cattle 4912
2,469
no data
-
48,792
55,072
0,671
1,155
no data
PJ
3,812
no data
tmanure/Head
no data
5 619 270
no data
3 299 556
72 699 679
81 618 505
tmanure
LHV
PJ/t
Calculation
no data
1.
1.
2.
2.
3.
3.
4.
4.
5.
5.
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
HEADS
LU
Availability of data
„Sigh“One of the answers given when asking for
data.
6
Legal framework conditions
Electricity offtake
i. Accessing the electricity distribution grid
ii. The setting of Feed-in Tariffs (FIT’s)
iii. Obtaining Power Purchase Agreements (PPA’s)
Biomass supply chains
iv. Waste management and waste management practices
v. Accessing agricultural, industrial, municipal and sewage organic waste streams
vi. Using organic fertiliser and ash in agriculture
Enabling Environment
vii. (i) Governmental support for the bioenergy industry
viii. (ii) Access to land and the ease of obtaining outline planning permission
ix. (iii) The ease of doing business7
Electricity Offtake: 1. Grid Access 2. FIT’s 3. PPA’s
Biomass Supply Chain: 1. Organic waste streams 2. Use of organic fertiliser 3. Waste management practices
Enabling Environment: 1. Support for Bioenergy Industry 2. Building Permission
III
I
II
IV V
VI
VII
Barbados
Belize
Dominica
Guyana
Haiti Jamaica
Suriname
Montserrat
St Kitts & Nevis
St Lucia
Grenada
St Vincent & Grenadines
Dominican Republic
Trinidad &
Bahamas
Antigua & Barbuda
Electricity Offtake: 1. Grid Access 2. FIT’s 3. PPA’s
Biomass Supply Chain: 1. Organic waste streams 2. Use of organic fertiliser 3. Waste management practices
Enabling Environment: 1. Support for Bioenergy Industry 2. Building Permission
III
I
II
IV V
VI
VII
Barbados
Belize
Dominica
Guyana
Haiti Jamaica
Suriname
Montserrat
St Kitts & Nevis
St Lucia
Grenada
St Vincent & Grenadines
Dominican Republic
Trinidad &
Bahamas
Antigua & Barbuda
Countries with most beneficial legal frameworks
1. Favourable condition for electricity offtake, biomass supply chains and enabling environment:
◦ Jamaica, Belize and Barbados
2. Favourable condition for electricity offtake and biomass supply chains:
◦ Dominican Republic, Guyana & Grenada
3. Favourable condition for biomass supply chains and enabling environment:
◦ Antigua & Barbuda, Bahamas, Dominica, St. Lucia and St. Vincent & the
Grenadines
8
Main legal obstacles
• Energy sometimes not anchored in a specific ministry – unclear responsibilities and resources
• Utilities are not positioned for Independent Power Producers (IPPs) with Power Purchase Agreements (PPP)
• No explicit regulation for electricity from biomass
• Little or no environmental regulation resp. enforcement
9
?§?
Project Concepts in elaboration
1. Biogas plant for Barnwell Farms, Barbados
2. Biomethane plant for Armag Farms, Barbados
3. Biogas from water plants for GSWMA, Guyana
4. Antigua Distillery, Antigua and Barbuda
5. Solid biofuel plant for Fairfield Rice Inc, Guyana
6. Saw mill bioenergy for Wood bv, Guyana
10
Source: DBFZ
Dimensions of Bioenergy Supply
11
financing
impact and sustainability monitoringand assessment
capacity building
So, what to do now?
12
• National level activities• RE strategy including bioenergy – Status Quo, goals, measures
• creating beneficial framework – regulations, incentives, transparency, capacity
• Developing entities/science• identifying stakeholders, potential projects, esp. “blueprints”; implementation and standard
procedure development
• Value chain development – from resource to end use
• Monitoring and assessing goal achievements – LCA, economics, agriculture, national benefits etc.
• Stakeholder specific activities• implementing a precedence – removing obstacles along the way (in close cooperation with
parties above
• capacitating actors along value chain – operators, laboratories, new actors (e.g. service, maintenance, contractors), regulators, utilities
• Regional/SIDS level• sharing best practices and further information
• Monitoring of technology and other developments
• developing standards and standard procedures and methodology (monitoring, assessment, regulations)
DBFZ Deutsches Biomasseforschungszentrumgemeinnützige GmbH
Torgauer Straße 116D-04347 LeipzigPhone: +49 (0)341 2434 – 112E-Mail: [email protected]
Thank you very much for your attention!
Kay Schaubach