Biogas upgrading, compression and utilization as an ...icesn.com/bgap2015/Slides/Biogas KL Day 1 PDF/Biogas-Conference-… · Biogas upgrading, compression and utilization as an alternative

© Schmack Carbotech GmbH

28.04.201528.04.2015

Biogas upgrading, compression and utilization as an alternative to CHP

Dr. Alfons Schulte-Schulze Berndt

April, 28.04.2015


28.04.2015

Company, Technology and Products

2 Biogas production and utilization routes

Quality & specification Biogas, CNG and LNG3

Biogas upgrading process / Standard & Advanced technology 4

1

Utilization alternatives / Best practice examples in Europe4


28.04.2015

CompanyViessmann Group

HQ Germany

Heat & Power supply systems from 1.5 kW to > 120 MW

Oil, Gas, Solar, Photovoltaic, Biomass, Biogas


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Experts in Gas Processing & Biogas Upgrading

CompanyCarbotech Company and Products


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CarbotechProducts and Services

Turn- Key On - Site Gas Generation and Purification

Biogas Biogas/LFG/Sewage upgrading to pipeline quality

and grid injection units & Bio-CNG / Bio-LNG,

small to large scale containerized

upgrading and injection plants

Hydrogen on-site hydrogen purification and generation

small to large scale customized PSA- units

small hydrogen generators utilizing SMR

NEW: PEM water electrolysis

Nitrogen on-site nitrogen generators

small scale standardized to

large scale customized

ProcessGas process gas purification

customized small scale to large scale, Coke

Oven Gas purification

References > 1000 PSA systems installed worldwide since

1989, capacity up to 20.000 Sm/h


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�Conventional Direct Power Production �Conversion to CNG or LNG or Grid Injection

�Biogas Upgrading

� Anaerobic Digester �Biogas

�Off-gas

�Biomethane

�Grid �Injection

�Biomass

�Slurry

�CHP On site

�CHP

� CHP

�Power

�Heat�Power

�Heat

� CNG

� LNG

�N

atu

ral G

as

Gri

d

Advantages:

� Best remote area concept � No CHP investment

� No power grid limits � Highest sustainability

� Highest added value � High overall profitablity

Disadvantages:

× High CHP maintenance cost × Low CHP-Efficiency

× High CHP-re-invest × Limited grid access

× Low overall profitability × Low FIT for power

Biogas Upgrading and UtilizationBiogas utilization and alternatives Bio-CNG and Bio-LNG

�Trailor

transport�Power Grid

�©


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PSA Biogas Upgrading ProcessBiogas quality at Digester outlet

�Compression

�PSA towers

�H2S Fine Cleaning

� Cooling&�Condensing

�POME & EFB

�H2S Scrubber

�Digester

�Air

�Bio-Methane

�Off Gas

�Wash fluid

�Biogas

Parameter Biogas @

Digester

Outlet

Methane 50 – 60 %

Carbon dioxide 40 - 50 %

Nitrogen < 1 %

Oxygen < 0,2 %

Water 3000 – 6000

mg/Sm3

Hydrogen sulfide 2000 to 4000

ppm* (EFB)

Hydrogen 500 ppm

NH3 up to 100 ppm

Caloric Value (HHV) 16 – 22 MJ/Sm3

Siloxane 5 – 20 mg/Sm3

Other CxHy < 100 ppm

�Biogas Plant

�Secondary Digester /

Gas Storage


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PSA Biogas Upgrading ProcessBiogas quality at H2S Scrubber outlet

�Compression

�PSA towers

�H2S Fine Cleaning

� Cooling&�Condensing

�POME & EFB

�H2S Scrubber

�Digester

�Air

�Bio-Methane

�Off Gas

�Wash fluid�Biogas

Parameter Biogas @ H2S

Scrubber Outlet

Methane 46 – 56 %

Carbon dioxide 36 - 46 %

Nitrogen up to 6 %

Oxygen up to 2 %

Water 3000 – 6000

mg/Sm3

Hydrogen sulfide 200 to 400 ppm

Parameter Biogas @ H2S

Scrubber Outlet

Hydrogen 500 ppm

NH3 < 10 pm

Caloric Value 15 – 20 MJ/Sm3

Siloxane 5 -20 mg/Sm3

Other CxHy < 100 mg/Sm3

�Biogas Plant

�Biogas


Gas Storage

Effect of H2S -scrubber air injection


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Gas quality specification Biogas / CNG / LNGGas specifications & quality requirements Bio-CNG & Bio-LNG

Parameter Raw Biogas

@ Upgrading Plant

Bio - CNG to meet

ISO/SAE CNG stand.

Bio-LNG to meet

Int. LNG stand.

Methane 46 – 56 % > 95 > 98 %

Carbon dioxide 36 - 46 % 1 - 3 % < 50 ppm

Nitrogen up to 6 % 1 - 2 % < 1 %

Oxygen up to 2 % < 0.5 % < 0.1 %

Water 3000 – 6000 mg/Sm3 < 50 mg/Sm3 < 10 mg/Sm3

Hydrogen sulfide 200 - 400 ppm < 3 ppm < 3 ppm

Hydrogen 500 ppm < 1000 ppm < 1000 ppm

NH3 < 10 ppm technical free technical free

Caloric Value (HHV) 15 – 20 MJ/Sm3 37 - 42 MJ/Sm3 38 – 46 MJ/Sm3

Siloxane 5 – 20 mg/Sm3 < 5 mg/Sm3 < 1mg/Sm3

Other CxHy < 100 ppm no condensation @

250 bar

No condensation @

10 bar / -170°C

To meet quality standards and caloric value these steps are a must :CO2 and significant air rejection (N2 & O2 ) Total H2S removal Very high gas drying Siloxane and CxHy removal

Total CO2 removal

required only for LNG


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Gas quality specification Biogas / CNG / LNGBiogas upgrading challenge

Challenge for the advanced biogas upgrading system :

is not to remove CO2,(any Water or Chemical Scrubber or any Membrane can do this job) but within same plant simultaneously also

reject significantly part of air (N2 & O2 ) remove totally H2S provide very dry gas remove Siloxane and other condensable CxHy

Only Carbotech PSA biogas upgrading units can ensure this :


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PSA Biogas Upgrading ProcessOverall process assembly

�Compression

�PSA towers

�H2S & SiloxaneRemoval

� Cooling &�Condensing

�POME & EFB

�H2S Scrubber


Gas Storage�Digester

�Air

�Bio-Methane

�Off Gas

�Wash fluid

�Biogas

Carbon-Molesieve

�Activated Carbon

�Condensate

�Biogas

Biogas Plant

PSA Biogas Upgrading Plant


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� Main Characteristics:

� Separation through molecular sieve effect; CMS fully self-regenerated

� Biomethane production at elevated pressure � CMS regeneration at low pressure.

� Selective & simultaneous separation � CO2, H2O, H2S, NH3, N2 & O2

� Operational pressure range � 1 – 10 bar

� Upgrading Process at ambient temperatures � 5 – 40°C

�Gas molecules:

�CH4

�N2 / O2

�H2O/ H2S

�CO2

�Carbon�Molecular Sieve

�(CMS)

�Biogas

�Biomethane

�Compressor �Vacuum Pump

�CH4 / CO2 / N2/ O2 / H2O / H2S �CO2 / N2/ O2 / H2O / H2S / CH4

�% CO2 �-Biogas

�Power needed�kWhel/m³

�30�40�50

�0,15

�0,20

�0,25

PSA Biogas Upgrading ProcessProcess basics


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PSA Biogas Upgrading Process3 D Model Waste gas upgrading plant 2000 Nm3/h

H2S & Siloxaneadsorber

6 bed PSA

Control Room�dry cooler

�Chilled water unit

�Vacuum pump

�compressor

�Product buffer tank

�Raw gas buffer


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��plant type raw gas

capacity[Sm3/h]

(raw gas capacity)[SCFM]

container compressors vacuum pumps

average power consumption

@ 40 % CO2

BUP 350 350 (210) 1x40“ 1 1 80 kW

BUP 500 500 (300) 1x40“ 2 1 110 kW

BUP 750 750 (440) 1x40“ 2 2 165 kW

BUP 1000 1000 (600) 2x40“ 3 2 220 kW

BUP 1200 1200 (710) 2x40“ 3 3 260 kW

BUP 1400 1400 (830) 2x40“ 3 3 300 kW

BUP 2000 2000 (1200) 2x40“ 4 4 430 kW

TaylorMade 3000 - 5000 (1800 - 3000) Cont/Skid 4 - 8 4 - 8 0.22 kW/Sm³

PSA Biogas Upgrading Standardized Model Range


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PSA Biogas Upgrading ProcessFeatures, benefits & advantages Carbotech PSA

� single stage removal of CO2 & H2O & NH3 & CxHy, Siloxanes, N2/O2

� no post treatment, biomethane is very dry

� High product quality, up to 99 % CH4

� high methane recovery, up to 99%

� No dilution of biomethane with O2/N2

� dry process, no process water or liquids

� no chemicals, no waste materials

� no offgas treatment, offgas free of H2S

� automatic part load adjustment 30 to 110%

� very power efficient 0,16 to 0,22 KW/m3

� No plant performance degradation over time


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PSA Biogas Upgrading ProcessFeatures & Benefits: Carbotech PSA specials : Air Rejection � PSA integrated Air Rejection process �� no additional separation stage

to remove O2 and N2 �� needed to achieve gas grid & CNG quality

� flexible Air Rejection can be adjusted without additional hardware-> high availability even with upset inlet gas conditions

� Unique for PSA – not possible for Membrane or scrubber systems

0,9

0,91

0,92

0,93

0,94

0,95

0,96

0,97

0,98

0,99

1

0 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 1

CH

4 r

eco

ve

ry / %

O2 removal efficiency / %

8 bar s8 bar ns 20158 bar s 2015

Raw Biogas @

2 – 4 % Air


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PSA Biogas Upgrading ProcessFeatures & Benefits: PSA specials : CO2 free Biomethane

� PSA integrated CO2 purifier �� removal of CO2 from 3 % to < 50 ppm CO2

� CO2 free Biomethane mandatory for Bio-LNG production

� No additional gas losses, maintaining high CH4 recovery

� No additional compressor, no additional PLC / control system

�Compression

�Cooling&�Drying

�H2S / Siloxane /

VOC Removal �Regular PSA

�CO2 Purifier

�Vacuum Pump

� BiomethaneCO2 free

�Biogas


28.04.2015

PSA Biogas Upgrading ProcessFeatures & Benefits: PSA specials : Ageing and Power Consumption

0,1

0,15

0,2

0,25

0,3

0,35

0,4

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

Sp

ec

ific

po

we

r c

on

su

mp

tio

n(k

Wh

el/

Sm

3 r

aw

ga

s)

Years in Operation

Power consumption versus operation time

PSA Upgrading Plant

(no ageing effect)

Membrane modulechange after every4 to 6 years operation

Membrane(ageing over time)

Membrane(10 years average)

Assumption :- Capacity 1000 Sm3/h- CH4 recovery > 99 %- Biogas < 2mbar @ 35°C- Product max. 3 % CO2- All auxilliary units included- Power : 0,1 $/Kwh

2 Mio. $ savings PSA

versus Membrane PSA plant 10 years

operation


28.04.2015

PSA Biogas Upgrading ProcessAlternative Biomethane utilization options

Source :Atlas Copco CNG Compressors /

Download Brochure


28.04.2015

BUP 350, Sewage Gas BUP 500, Agricultural Waste BUP 750, Slaughterhouse

BUP 1000, Municipal Waste BUP 2000, Agricultural Crops BUP 1800, Landfill Gas

Plant ExamplesBiogas upgrading plants


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Plant ExamplesBiogas upgrading plant energy crops 1400 Nm3/h


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PSA Biogas Upgrading ProcessMuniciple waste biogas upgrading / ultra low noise level


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Plant ExamplesBiogas upgrading plant container inside


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Plant ExamplesContainer assembly in the workshop


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Contact :

www.carbotech.info

[email protected]

Thank you for your attention

Documents

Biogas upgrading, compression and utilization as an ...icesn.com/bgap2015/Slides/Biogas KL Day 1 PDF/Biogas-Conference-… · Biogas upgrading, compression and utilization as an alternative