Biological Terms

Life Cycles• Annual – a plant that completes its life

cycle in one year.• Biennial – a plant that completes its life

cycle in two years.• Perennial - a plant that lives more

than two years.

Leaf Retention• Decidous – loses leaves during

dormant season• Evergreen- keeps leaves remains

green year – round

Hormones• Inhibitors hasten a fruit ripening, inhibits or

restrains seed germination and stem elongation.• Cytokinins – hormones that work with auxins to

stimulate cell division• Gibberellins – hormones that stimulate cell

elongation, premature flowering and breaking dormancy

• Auxins – hormones that speed plant growth by stimulating cell enlargement

Moisture in plants• Turgid – plant is swollen or filled with

moisture• Wilted – plant is limp because it does

not have enough moisture.

Stages of Growth• Juvenile - when plant first starts to

grow from a seed• Reproductive – when plant produces

flowers, seeds and fruits• Dormant –when plant rests or grows

very little if any

Plant Processes• Photosynthesis – the food

manufacturing process in green plants that combine carbon dioxide and water in the presence of light to make sugar and oxygen.

• Formula is :6CO2 + 6H2O+672 Kcal R C6H1206 +6O2

• Respiration-the process through which plant leaves, stems and roots consume oxygen and give off carbon dioxide. Plants produce much more oxygen through photosynthesis than they use through respiration.

•  Absorption-the process by which plant roots take in water and air.

•  Transpiration-the process by which plants lose water from leaves and stems through evaporation.

•  Translocation-the process by which food and nutrients are moved within a plant from one plant part to another.

•  Reproduction-the plant process that increases plant numbers usually from seeds.

•  Osmosis – process by which minerals and water enter the plant through cell walls.