Biology UP06 Molecular Genetics & Biotech Study Guide REV 2 2009- Student

8/14/2019 Biology UP06 Molecular Genetics & Biotech Study Guide REV 2 2009- Student

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Biology Study GuideName:______________________________

Unit 6: Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology

The material in this unit is covered in Chapters 12-13 of Biology by Miller and Levine.1. Put a checkmark in the box if the characteristic is present.

Characteristic DNA RNA

Deoxyribonucleic acid

Ribonucleic acid

Ribose sugar present

Deoxyribose sugar present

Polymer of nucleotides

Double helix

Single stranded

Adenine (A) presentThymine (T) present

Uracil (U) present

Cytosine (C) present

Guanine (G) present

2. What four nitrogenous bases are found in DNA?

I. II.III. IV.

3. What nitrogenous base is found in RNA, but is NOT found in DNA? __________________

4. The backbone of DNA is made up of ___________________ and ____________________.

5. Use the diagram of a section of a DNA strand below to answer the question.

Match the letter to the correct term: nitrogenous base, phosphate, sugar

A_______________________B_______________________C______________________

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6. Use the word bank to complete the paragraph below.

WORD BANK: Codon, cytoplasm, DNA, messenger RNA, protein, ribosome, transcription,translation.

_________________, the double helix that stores genetic information in the nucleus, is partially

unzipped. A single strand of _________________ is made by pairing up RNA bases with theexposed DNA bases. This is called _________________. After it has been formed, the mRNA

leaves the nucleus, moves through the _________________, and attaches to a

_________________. There, tRNA binds to a specific _________________ (a triplet of mRNA

bases). Amino acids are bonded together to form a _________________. This second part ofthe process is called _________________.

7. Use the DNA template to fill in the resulting mRNA pattern after transcription.

a) DNA: ATA GAC TTG b) DNA: AGC- ATA - GCT

mRNA: _ _ _ - _ _ _ - _ _ _ mRNA: _ _ _ - _ _ _ - _ _ _

8. Use the codon wheel below to answer the following questions.

Image from https://www.dna20.com/

a) What amino acid sequence is represented by the mRNA code in 7a?

______________ - ______________ -______________

b) What amino acid sequence is represented by the mRNA code in 7b?

______________ - ______________ -______________

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9. How many mRNA nucleotides are needed to specify a polypeptide chain containing three

amino acids? (Hint: Look at # 8 above) _______________________________________

10. Define semiconservative replication. ____________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

_

11. What holds nucleotides together in a DNA double helix? _____________________________

12. What scientists are credited with discovering that DNA forms a double helix?____________

and ________________________

13. Circle the terms that make the statement correct. (RNA/DNA) can leave the nucleus of a cellcarrying the genetic message to the ribosomes, while (RNA/DNA) cannot.

14. Genetic clones are genetically identical to each other they have the same DNA codes intheir chromosomes. True or False?

15. Because clones are genetically identical to each other, cloning is considered a form of___________________________ reproduction.

16. You want to produce a new breed of dog through selective breeding. The new breed of dog

should be very good with children, and have a thick, hypoallergenic coat (shed minimally).Youd prefer that the dog be larger, around 50 pounds. The local shelter has several of each of

the following purebreds.

Breed Children Coat Shedding Weight

(pounds)

Chihuahua Older only Short/Long Average 4

Barbet Good Thick andwoolly Minimal/hypoallergenic 33-55

PortugueseWater Dog

Very Good Thick Little 50-60

GoldenRetriever

Great Medium Heavy 65-75

Characteristics from http://www.pgaa.com/

Assume that all of the traits are genetic (and therefore inheritable). Which dogs would you have

bred and why? _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

17. What is the purpose of a selective breeding program, such as the one described above?_________________________________________________________________________________

_

18. Which of these would NOT be an example of genetic engineering? (Circle one.)

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a)Gene-spliced strawberries which are frost-resistant b)Organic spinach leaves

c)Growth hormones obtained from bacteria found in cows d)A selective breeding program

19. Put the steps of insulin production in order from 1 to 6.

____ The bacteria replicate and produce insulin.

____ Human DNA is isolated and put into a test tube.

____ Recombinant DNA is inserted into a bacterial cell.

____ Insulin gene is combined with bacterial DNA to produce recombinant DNA.

____ A restriction enzyme is used to isolate the gene for insulin from human DNA.

____ Gel electrophoresis is used to separate the DNA fragments, allowing scientists to isolate the

one containing the insulin-producing gene.

20. Match each term related to genetic information to its definition.

___ Cloning A. The nucleus of a body cell from one animal inserted

into an unfertilized egg

___ Gel electrophoresis B. Enzyme that cuts DNA at a particular nitrogen base

sequence

___ Genome C. A small RNA molecule that carries a specific amino acid

___mRNA D. RNA copy of DNA which moves from the nucleus tothe ribosome

___ Recombinant DNA E. Sorts DNA fragments by size

___Restriction enzyme F. DNA joined together from two different species

___ tRNA G. The full DNA sequence of an organism

21. Complete the following table about mutations.

Mutation Point Frame-

shift

Deletion Duplication Inversion Trans-

location

Gene or

chromo-

somal?

Gene Chromo-

somal

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What

happens?

Part of the

chromo-some is

removed

Two chromo-

somes aremixed

Example CTCTCT

CTCCT

ABCDE

ADCBE

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Biology UP06 Molecular Genetics & Biotech Study Guide REV 2 2009- Student