Biomass and Waste to Energy

AMEC and Power & Process Americas

at a Glance

AMEC PLC (UK)

• 2009 Revenues US$ 3.9 Billion

• Employees 21,000

• Countries 40

Power & Process Americas (US)

• Forest Industry

• Power

• Renewable Energy

• Environmental

• Process – Food; Manufacturing; Pharmaceutical

AMEC Provides Industry:

1. Full service design & engineering services

2. Construction project execution

3. Construction and project management

4. Seamless EPC project delivery

Summary

AMEC Power & Process Americas

Plant Hammond SCR

Biomass and Waste to Energy

Opportunities and Issues

U.S. Biomass Resource

Biomass to Energy Options

Pros and Cons

Pros Reduction of Green House Gases

May reduce other emissions

Mature technologies available

Premium rates/Renewable Portfolio Standards (RPS)

Renewable Energy Credits

Tipping fees/waste disposals

Cons Biomass has low energy density

High moisture

Long Term Fuel Supply

Regulatory

Expedited permitting for Biomass in some states

Electricity from Biomass can be exempt from CAIR (Clean Air

Interstate Rule) and CAMR (Clean Air Mercury Rule)

Biomass is Carbon Neutral – if replacing fossil fuels will yield

Carbon Credits.

Lower emissions – SO2, Mercury, Heavy Metals

As generator, exempt from Industrial Boiler MACT

Incentives

PTC (Production Tax Credit) extended through 2013

ITC (Investment Tax Credit) extended through 2013 for selected

biomass projects instead of PTC

Grants up to 30% of TIC can be taken in lieu of the ITCs and are

payable 60 days after commercial operation by US Treasury

Accelerated (Bonus) depreciation (equipment installed in 2009)

Renewable Energy Production Incentive (REPI)

DOE has $800 million for project support and R&D

States have additional incentives including grants and tax credits

Several Loan Guarantee programs exist (Clean Renewable Energy

Bonds, Renewable Energy Loan Program)

Mandates

Federal legislation not in effect, but various bills are being

considered. Obama Plan is for 10% of electricity from

renewable by 2012 and 25% by 2025. Several bills in

Congress.

States – 29 have RPS (Renewable Portfolio Standards) plus

4 have voluntary standards. Other states are currently

considering legislation.

California – 33% of electricity from renewable by 2020.

Illinois, Minnesota, Oregon – 25% of electricity from

renewable by 2025.

Biomass to Energy Options

Co-firing Feed through existing pulverizers

Typically up to 10% biomass

Minimal capital investment

– Minor material handling modifications

– Hogged biomass

Can be reduction in NOx and SO2

Mature technology

De-rating of plant output and heat rate

Shortens SCR catalyst life

Biomass to Energy Options

Boiler Conversion Stoker Modify existing unit with Stoker

– Hydrograte

– Vibrating grate

Can be easily done on PC unit up to 50 MW – Mature technology

Can still keep PC firing capability

Advantage of high percentage of co-firing

Offers advantage of some alternative fuels such as TDF

Material Handling modifications

– Material handling modifications including feed system

– Hogged biomass

Can be reduction in NOx and SO2

De-rating of plant output and heat rate

Shortens catalyst life

Potential boiler fouling issues

Biomass to Energy Options

Boiler Conversion BFB Modify existing unit with BFB

Can be easily done on PC unit up to 50 MW – Mature technology

Cannot fire PC

Some fuel flexibility – low moisture fuels

Material Handling modifications

– Material handling modifications including feed system

– Hogged biomass

Reduction in NOx and SO2

De-rating of plant output and heat rate

SCR not appropriate – SNCR is typical

Biomass to Energy Options

Match steam cycle

Flexibility in boiler type

– Stoker/BFB/CFB

– Stoker up to 50+ MW

– BFB 50 to 100 MW

– CFB 100 to 250 MW

– Reheat

– Fuel Flexibility

– Pet Coke

Re-powering:

New Boiler – Reuse turbine generator and auxiliaries

Biomass to Energy Options

Fuel Conversion of Coal Plants

Pelletized wood and coal

Conversions of 500 MW plants

– Long term fuel supply

– Fuel is very volatile – Fires

– Problems with SCR’s and fouling

– Low Capital Cost

– Minimizes de-rate

– Also reduces NOx and SO2

Biomass to Energy Options

Gasification

Gasify biomass and feed syngas to boiler

Least impact to existing boiler and steam cycle

Reduction in NOx

Less mature technology

Can be trial for future Biomass IGCC/Biorefinery

Qualify for Grants and Loan Guarantees

Veolia ES, Pinellas, FL3000 t/d Waste-to-Energy Facility Modification

• Refurbishment of 3000 t/d waste-to-

energy facility

• Unit rebuild

• Ground fault study, discretionary project

3, punch list, coordination study

• 60 MW generator repair

• Detailed design Boilers No. 1 and No.2.

Veolia ES Pinellas County Facility

Veolia ES, York County600 t/d Waste-to-Energy Expansion

• New Boiler/Grate (Horizontal Unit), APC,

25 MW T/G, Deaerator, Cooling Tower,

Demineralizer, Condenser, Step-up

Transformer, MCC’s, new chemical feed

system, and DCS.

• Expansion of existing plant includes:

tipping floor, refuse crane, stack

modification w/new flue, boiler feed water

pumps, ash handling system and all misc.

pumps and equipment associated with

the new plant requirements.

• State-of-the-Art APC includes a semi-dry

absorber, lime slaker/storage, activated

carbon storage/injection system, a

baghouse, SNCR and heat recovery.

Veolia ES Waste-to-Energy YCSWA Facility

Gasification Technology

29

Applications

• Gas for process

• Steam production

• Power generation

Reciprocating engine

Gas turbine

• IGCC

• Hydrogen

• Synthetic fuels

Types of Gasifiers

• Fixed bed

• Fluid bed

• Entrained flow

FERCO SilvaGas Process

TRI at Norampac

Integration

• Feedstock Preparation

Storage/handling

Chiping/screening

Feed

• Gasification system design

• Syngas Conditioning

Scrubbing

Cracking

• Heat Recovery/Compression

Forsyth, GA Gasification Plant