Biomass Production Water Purification Pig Manure PMorand EECA2009

7/27/2019 Biomass Production Water Purification Pig Manure PMorand EECA2009

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Biomass production and water purification from freshliquid manure by vermiculture, macrophytes pondsand constructed wetlands to recover nutrients and

recycle water for flushing in pig housing

Philippe MORAND1, Paul ROBIN2, QIU JiangPing3, LIYinsheng3, LUTH1, Daniel CLUZEAU1, Gwenn HAMON4,

Charlotte AMBLARD4, Sbastien FIEVET4, Didier OUDART4,

Camille PAIN LE QUR4

, Anne-Marie POURCHER5

, AurlieESCANDE6, Bernadette PICOT6 & Brigitte LANDRAIN4

EECA - 2-4 December 2009, Paris, France,

1 UMR 6553, CNRS/Universit de Rennes1, 35380 Paimpont, France2 UMR SAS, INRA, 65 route de Saint-Brieuc, CS 84215, 35642 Rennes Cedex, France3 Institute for Environmental Agriculture, Jiao Tong Universit, 2678, QiXin road,

Shanghai 201101, China4 Station Exprimentale de Guernvez, 29520 Saint Goazec, France5 CEMAGREF, UR GERE, 17 avenue de Cucill, 35044 Rennes, France6 UMR 5569 Hydrosciences, Universit Montpellier 1, Facult de Pharmacie, 34093

Montpellier cedex 5, France


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Outline

- Introduction

- Presentation of experimental systems

- Pilot scale

- Demonstration scale

- Results- Removal of nutrients and pathogens

- Decrease in endocrine disruptors

- Biomass production and valorization

- Conclusion


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Swine production in France 24 million pigs/year

(60% in Brittany)

21 million m3 of liquide manure

Discharge of liquide manure promotes seriousenvironmental problems:

NO3 in water

Oxygen depletion in water bodies eutrophication.

In Brittany, eutrophication of coastal bodies

Green tides


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Green tide on the beach of Hillion, in St Brieuc Bay(Brittany, France) photo: Sotiris Orfanidis


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.

Pilot scale

vermifilter

1

2

3

4

flusheddilute d fresh slurry

p iggery

Constructed

we tlandrecirculation oftreated watertoward th e flush

sieve

excess water

vermifilter

1

2

3

4

flusheddilute d fresh slurry

p iggery

Constructed

we tlandrecirculation oftreated watertoward th e flush

sieve

excess water

1 2

34

Association of :

- frequent flushing (1),

- slurry sieving (2),- vermifiltration (3),

-Macrophyte ponds &

constructed wetland in series

(4)

Pilot & demonstration studies

on extensive treatments for a piggery

with minimal pollution(vermi-filtration, macrophytes ponds

and constructed wetlands)


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Tested floating and immerged plants

Pistiastratiotes

Eichhorniacrassipes

Elodea sp.

Azollasp.

Lemnasp.

Hydrocotylevulgaris


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Testedrootedplants

Phragmites australis

Typha sp.

Carex sp.Glyceria aquatica

Iris

pseudacorus


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vermifilter

1

2

3

4

flusheddiluted freshslurry

piggery

Constructedwetlandrecirculationof

treatedwatertowardtheflush

sieve

excesswater

vermifilter

1

2

3

4

flusheddiluted freshslurry

piggery

Constructedwetlandrecirculationof

treatedwatertowardtheflush

sieve

excesswaterPiggery and flushing

1

Vermifilter

3Sieve2

Macrophyte ponds4

Demonstration scale


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may - august 20081a = 0.085, Td = 8 j

P1 = 0.083, Td = 8 j

y = 0,0829x - 14,348R = 0,9964

y = 0,0795x - 12,486R = 0,9957

-3,00

-1,00

1,00

3,00

5,00

7,00

9,00

19-mai 8-juin 28-juin 18-juil. 7-aot 27-aot 16-sept.

Ln(Bt)

date

Comparison of the hyacinth growth rates between thepilot (1a, blue) and the demonstration plant (P1, red)


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animals

1.spreading => 2.maturation

solid refuse

flushing

sieved effluentraw effluent

screen

vermi-

compost

pondsand

wetlands

macrophytes

animals

worms

vermifiltered effluent

storage tank

sludge

settlingtank

animal house

vermifilter

flushing

water

P5

P4P3

P2P1

P0

Sl

Sl sampling point

St

faeces

Sp

Schema and sampling points


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summer 2008

0

100

200

300

400

500

Sp St Sl P0 P1 P2 P3 P4 P5

N(mg/L)

autumn 2008

0

100

200

300

400

500


spring 2009

0

100

200

300

400

500


summer 2009

0

100

200

300

400

500


summer 2008 autumn 2008 spring 2009 summer 2009

0

50

100

150

200


Nitrogen

0

50

100

150

200


0

50

100

150

200


0

50

100

150

200


P(mg/L)

Ph

osphorus

Potassiu

m

0

200

400

600

800


K(mg/L

)

0

200

400

600

800


0

200

400

600

800


0

200

400

600

800


Removal of nutrients


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Concentrations of E. coli decreased regularly with macrophyte lagooning,

C. perfringens decreased mostly due to filtration in constructed wetland

1E+00

1E+01

1E+02

1E+03

1E+04

1E+05

1E+06

1E+07

faeces St Sl P0 P1 P2 P3 P4 P5

nu

mber/mL

E. coli

enterococci

C. perfringens

Removal of pathogens


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Sampling E2-EQ estrogenic removal efficiency (%)

(ng/L) by step total

St 1011 - -Sl 231 77 77

P0 107 54 89

P1 41 62 95,9

P2 64 -56 93,7P3 17 59 98,3

P4 8 53 99,2

P5 2 75 99,8

Estradiol equivalents and removal efficiency. Equivalents were calculated as theconcentration of E2 resulting in the same activation of luciferase expression inMELN cells as tested sample. Calculation was based on the EC50 (50% effectiveconcentration) from the ER transactivation dose-response curve of sample withE2 as positive control and took into consideration volume of extraction.


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Trial with Azollaas feed Trial: 2 groups of 4 fattening pigs during 45 days:

Control: usual feed Experiment: usual feed + Azolla

The trial with Azollaas feed showed that it is veryacceptable: the animals ate Azollaexclusively just after its

distribution.No signs of indigestion were observed.The experiment group reduced their feed

consumption from 340 kg DM (control) to 284 kg DM(experiment: weight including the Azolla) for 45days.

The growth of the experiment group was slower butthe conversion ratio (feed/meat) was better.


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Conclusions Extensive treatment of fresh liquid manure by sieve, vermifilter,

macrophyte ponds and constructed wetlands removes 88% SS,96% COD, 95% TN, 76% TP

Quality of final effluent: (7mg/L N-NH4, no pathogens) is adequate

for reuse to flush pig manure Flushing of fresh liquid manure reduces NH3 emission pigs in

piggery( from 25% to 8%)

Solid refuse from vibrating screen and sludge from settling tank

are treated by vermiculture Macrophyte production was about 20 T DM ha-1 y-1 and could be

valorized as food (Azollawas successfully added to feedfinishing pigs, other trials were performed successfully

elsewhere with Eichhorniaor Lemnafor instance), materials,methanisation substrate, spreading :600 m/pig

Vermifilter +

ponds + CW :12 m/pig

Integrated piggerry systemreduces surface arearequired for spreading


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Thanks to :- Swine experimental station in Guernevez

(Chambre d Agriculture de Bretagne)- Ingnierie cologique CNRS programme

- PRA soil , P2R water and ARCUS 2006

Chinese French cooperation programmes- Rgion Bretagne, Finistre department,

PiteEau programme

- European funds (Feoga n8089)

EECA - 2-4 December 2009, Paris, France,


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Growth of the plants

- Floating or immerged plants:

Biomass of Azolla in 2006 in lagoon 3c (each peak corresponds to a harvest)

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

13-avr 03-mai 23-mai 12-juin 02-juil 22-juil 11-aot 31-aot

biom

asse

hum

ide

(kg)

0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

70000

13-avr 03-mai 23-mai 12-juin 02-juil 22-juil 11-aot

Biomass of Azolla in 2006 in lagoon 3c corrected as if the basin was unlimited and noharvest was carried out


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Eichhornia (1a) y = 0,1013x - 3937,4 R 2 = 0,9855

0

2

4

6

8

13 April 3 May 23 May 12 June 2 July 22July 11August

Pistia (1b) y = 0,0977x - 3798 R 2 = 0,9896

02

4

6

8


Hydrocotyle (1c) y = 0,0447x - 1733,8 R 2 = 0,9786

0

1

2

3

4

5


Elodea (3a) y = 0,014x - 543,32 R 2 = 0,74040

1

1,5

2

2,5

3


y = 0,0581x - 2256,7 R 2 = 0,9941-2

-1

0

2

3

4

5

6

13 April 3 May

23 May 12 June 2 July 22July 11August

Hydrocotyle (3b)

y = 0,1033x - 4012,5 R 2 = 0,9952

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

Azolla (3c)13 April 3 May 23 May 12 June 2 July 22July 11August

Growth curves may be obtained from curves like the preceding one in semi-logarithmic

coordinates where the growth rate is given by the slope of the trend straight

Growth of the plants


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Plants dry weight (DW) N P K Cu Zn

(% wet weight) (% DW) (% DW) (% DW) (mg/kg DW) (mg/kg DW)

Eicchornia crassipes 4,15 5,62 1,40 4,56 26,1 170

Pistia stratiotes 4,88 4,34 0,74 4,67 83,7 327

Azolla caroliniana 4,35 5,04 1,16 3,72 8,63 116

Hydrocotyle vulgaris 4,80 4,76 0,96 5,01 14,2 114

Lemna spp. 5,29 6,39 1,75 2,64 54,3 286

Phragmites australis 25,0 2,88 0,30 2,49 9,80 73,2

Typha latifolia 14,3 2,37 0,39 2,25 11,9 37,2

Glyceria aquatica 23,8 1,56 0,27 1,58 3,08 24,1

Juncus inflexus 30,8 1,65 0,15 1,54 4,11 30,3

Contents of the plants in different elements. Contents are given as means obtained

from three harvests for the floating plants except Lemnaspp., and from one harvestfor the rooted plants and Lemnaspp. (July 7, 2007).


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0,0

10,0

20,0

30,0

40,0

50,0

60,0

70,0

80,0

a b c

Cumulatedaba

tementofNforeachbasinsseries

(mgN/L)

4

3

2

1

abatementInitial concentration

The horizontal line placed at 74.6 mgN/L represents the averageconcentration of the input at the arrival in the first basins for 6

samplings from May, the 30th to July, the 20th, 2006.

1a.Eichhornia

2a.Phragmites

3a.Elodea

4a.Carex + Iris + Glyceria

Pollution abatement results (pilot)


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N concentration in mg/L with a time-lag of 2 to 3 weeks between input and output


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Fresh liquide manure of a 30 pregnant sows

piggery with flushing of 800 L 6 times/day

Characteristics of the diluted fresh manure :

COD mg/L 4270 670SS mg/L 2360 830TN mg/L 319 95NH4-N mg/L 111 20TP mg/L 151 116K mg/L 640 28

E. coli 4.4 x 106 /g(ww) or mlEnterococci 6.0 x 105/g(ww) or mlC. perfringens 5.4 x 103/g(ww) or ml

Documents

Biomass Production Water Purification Pig Manure PMorand EECA2009