Biomechanics & Artificial Organs

Jung Chan Lee, Ph.D

Associate Professor Dept. of Biomedical Engineering

Seoul National University College of Medicine Seoul National University Hospital

Biomechanics

• Major Topics in Biomechanics

– Mechanics of Biological Tissue

• Hard tissue

• Soft tissue (blood vessels, muscle)

– Cardiovascular Mechanics

• Cardiac mechanics

• Biomechanic fluidics

• Blood cell mechanics and deformation

– Joint Mechanism

• Surface motion

• Joint lubrication

• Head/neck mechanism

– Rehabilitation Biomechanics, Gait Analysis

– Exercise Physiology, Sport Biomechanics

– Industrial(Occupational) Biomechanics, Injury, Ergonomics

Tissue mechanics

• Hard Tissue

• Microstructure of hart tissue

• Soft Tissue

• Elastogram

– Tumor or cancerous tissue is stiffer than normal soft tissue

– When mechanical compression or vibration applied, tumor deforms less than surrounding normal tissue

• strain of tumor < strain of normal tissue

– Ultrasound Elastogram

• Low-frequency surface vibration

• Quasi-static surface displacement elastography

• Acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) imaging

• Radiation force induction of shear waves

• Vibro-acoustography

• MR Elastogram

– Acoustic driver pumps air into a pneumatic device strapped onto the patient

Cardiovascular mechanics

• Patient-specific cardiovascular model

– CT/MR 3D Model CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics)

Blood cell mechanics

Joint Mechanism

• Anatomical characteristics

• Biomechanics of High Heels

• Joint Replacement : Hip Joint

• Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

• Pedicle screw

Rehabilitation / Gait Analysis

Thin line : right Thick line : left Gray : normal

Sport Mechanics

Industrial biomechanics

Animal Biomechanics

인공장기의 종류

Musculoskeletal system Bone substitutes, Plates, Artificial Joints/cartilage Artificial Arms, Artificial Legs, Artificial muscle, Functional Electrical Stimulation

Integumentary system Artificial Skin, Artificial Breast

Circulatory system Artificial Heart, Medical Pumps, Artificial Heart Valve, Artificial Blood Vessel, Pacemaker, Artificial Blood

Nervous system Cochlear Implant, Artificial Retina, Neural Prosthesis

Respiratory system Artificial Lung, ECMO, Heart-Lung Machine

Digestive system Artificial Liver, Stoma

Excretory system Artificial Kidney, Artificial Bladder

Endocrine system Artificial Pancreas, Drug delivery devices

Reproductive system Penile Prosthesis

Lymphatic/Immune system

Artificial Cells

인공골

• Materials for Artificial Bone

– Xeno-transplant

– Ceramics (hydroxyapatite, polyphosphate)

– Metal Alloys (titanium)

– Polymer (PEEK)

Bone Cement

PolyBone® (Polyphosphate)

Bone Chip

Musculoskeletal system

인공추간판/추간체

Spinal Cage : 유합보형재

Artificial Disk

Musculoskeletal system

인공관절 Musculoskeletal system

인공사지(四肢) Musculoskeletal system

Oscar Pistorius holds the record on 100 m (10.91 sec), 200 m (21.58 sec) and 400 m (46.25 sec) with his own artificial legs, Flex-Foot®.

인공근육

Ionic polymer metal composites

Musculoskeletal system

Motorized Exoskeleton Musculoskeletal system

기능성 전기자극 시스템 (Functional Electrical Stimulation)

First-generation implantable FES system for upper limbs (reprinted with permission from Keith MW, Peckham PH, Thrope GB et al. (1988). Functional neuromuscular stimulation, Neuroprosthesis for the tetraplegic hand. Clin Orthopaedics 233: 25–33).

Musculoskeletal system

인공피부 Integumentary system

유방보형물(Breast Implant) Integumentary system

인공판막

Circulatory system

인조혈관 Circulatory system

Circulatory system

인공심장과 혈액펌프

• Ventricular Assist Device (VAD)

HeartMate®, Thoratec Inc., USA

인공심장과 혈액펌프

• Total Artificial Heart (TAH)

AbioCor®, Abiomed Inc., USA

Circulatory system

인공와우(Cochlear Implant) Nervous system

인공망막(Artificial Retina)

Microelectrode array, Telemetry (signal & power), Signal Processing,

Nervous system

Neural Prosthesis (인공신경전달/감각)

CBS 60 minutes- Brain Power

2.2 mm

Silicone

encapsulation

Microelectrode array, Amplifier, Signal Processing

Nervous system

인공 폐 Respiratory system

Implantable Artificial Lung : MC3 BioLung®

Extracoporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) : Blood Pump + Oxygenator

인공 간

Digestive system

Molecular Adsorbents Recirculating System, MARS®, Gambro Prometheus®, Fresenius

Artificial Opening (Stoma) Digestive system

인공신장

• Hemodialysis(혈액투석)

Excretory system

Hollow fiber Semi-permeable membrane

인공신장

• Wearable Artificial Kidney

Excretory system

Davenport, Lancet 2007; 370: 2005–10

Artificial bladder being developed by James J. Yoo M.D., Ph.D. at the Department of Urology at Harvard Medical School.

인공방광 Excretory system

Penile Prosthesis Reproductive system

인공췌장

Physiological Control

Algorithm

Glucose Sensor Insulin Pump

Continuous Glucose Monitoring System(CGMS)

Insulin Pump with Embedded Control Algorithm

Endocrine system