Biomes, and Aquatic Ecosystems

By: Mattias Knapp and that Other Guy 

What is a biome?

What is a Biome?• major terrestrial ecosystems

that cove most of the earth• they are classsified by

o  types of of plantso types of animalso types of climates

Different animals live in same biome

• some follow lines of lattitude o notice how simmilar

biomes are at similar lattitudes

 

----------Types of Biomes---------

Tundra

•  in top lattitudes or mountains

• bitterly cold• permafrost covers

groundo little plant life growso  not much melts

• animals aren't very diverse (low biodiversity)

 

Coniferous Forest

• cone-bearing evergreen trees 

• northern part called taiga o conical shape of the

trees prevents snow collecting

o needle leaves prevent moisture loss

•  lower latitudes considered temperate rain forests

o a little biodiversity

 

Temperate Deciduous Forest

• broad-leaf deciduous trees• moderate precipitation• cold winters• hot summers• shed leaves in autumn• high biodiversity • many animals conserve

energy in winter• some birds fly to warmer

areas

 

Temperate Grassland

• deep, nutrient rich soil• cool winters• very few tall plants

o seasonal droughto occasional fireso large grazing

anmals• varied grass types• high biodiversity

 

Chaparral

• coastal biome• mild rainy winters• hot dry summers• many fires

o woody shrubs often set abblaze they are specifically

adapted for this • little biodiversity

 

Desert

• very dry• temperature varies

between deserts o some have no plant

lifeo some have

scattered shrubs and cacti

• organisms adapt very well for little water

 

Savanna

• grasslands with scattered trees

• many grazing animals• many predators • warm• alternating wet-dry

seasonso drought during dry

seasons animals adapted for

this

 

Tropical Forest

• near equator• receive a lot of rain• the highest biodiversity

of all biomeso plants grow on each

other in layerso hundreds of

thousands of animal species

• being cut down almost to extinction

 

----------Aquatic Ecosytems---------

 

• standing water• wide range of sizes • large lakes are divided into

zoneso photic zone

photosynthetic plants and microorganisms

o aphotic zone  darker murkier areas

o benthic zone  bottom

  

Lakes and ponds

Streams and Rivers

• flowing fresh water• different organisms

than in lakes• changes from source

to destinationo shallow at sourceo deeper and wide at

endo more organisms live

at the end

 

Estuaries

• where rivers merge with ocean

• warmer and saltier than rivers

• rich diversity in water and on surrounding lando salt marsheso mangrove swamps

 

                   Ocean Zones 

• Intertidal Zone• Neritic Zone

o continental shelf o photic zone

•  Oceanic Zoneo  benthic zoneo  pelagic zone

photic zone aphotic zone

 

Coral Reefs• marine tropical rain forests• many marine species

inhabits a coral reef• all the invertebrates are in

coral reefs• visually amazing

and diverse ecosystem• reefs are formed by

colonies of coral polypso coral-an animal that

makes an stone like exoskeleton

Deep-sea Vents

• tubes where hot gases rise• sunlight can't reach that far down

o adaptions to get energy from sulfuro these are called prokaryotes

• prokaryotes--->tube worms and clams--->crabs